Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nail corrosion

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Nail corrosion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nail corrosion"

1

Panagiotopoulou, V. C., K. Davda, H. S. Hothi, J. Henckel, A. Cerquiglini, W. D. Goodier, J. Skinner, A. Hart, and P. R. Calder. "A retrieval analysis of the Precice intramedullary limb lengthening system." Bone & Joint Research 7, no. 7 (July 2018): 476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.77.bjr-2017-0359.r1.

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Objectives The Precice nail is the latest intramedullary lengthening nail with excellent early outcomes. Implant complications have led to modification of the nail design. The aim of this study was to perform a retrieval study of Precice nails following lower-limb lengthening and to assess macroscopical and microscopical changes to the implants and evaluate differences following design modification, with the aim of identifying potential surgical, implant, and patient risk factors. Methods A total of 15 nails were retrieved from 13 patients following lower-limb lengthening. Macroscopical and microscopical surface damage to the nails were identified. Further analysis included radiology and micro-CT prior to sectioning. The internal mechanism was then analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to identify corrosion. Results Seven male and three female patients underwent 12 femoral lengthenings. Three female patients underwent tibial lengthening. All patients obtained the desired length with no implant failure. Surface degradation was noted on the telescopic part of every nail design, less on the latest implants. Microscopical analysis confirmed fretting and pitting corrosion. Following sectioning, black debris was noted in all implants. The early designs were found to have fractured actuator pins and the pin and bearings showed evidence of corrosive debris. The latest designs showed evidence of biological deposits suggestive of fluid ingress within the nail but no corrosion. Conclusion This study confirms less internal corrosion following modification, but evidence of titanium debris remains. We recommend no change to current clinical practice. However, potential reuse of the Precice nail, for secondary limb lengthening in the same patient, should be undertaken with caution. Cite this article: V. C. Panagiotopoulou, K. Davda, H. S. Hothi, J. Henckel, A. Cerquiglini, W. D. Goodier, J. Skinner, A. Hart, P. R. Calder. A retrieval analysis of the Precice intramedullary limb lengthening system. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:476–484. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.77.BJR-2017-0359.R1.
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Natasya, Titania, Muthia Embun Khairafah, Murna Sari Br Sembiring, and Laura Nazrifah Hutabarat. "Corrosion Factors on Nail." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v5i1.33159.

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Corrosion is a chemical phenomenon in metal materials that can occur due to physical, chemical or biological processes. Physical processes are characterized by the destruction of metal morphology, chemical processes are characterized by chemical processes that occur in metals, and biological processes are characterized by the activity of destructive bacteria on metals. In this practicum, corrosion experiments were carried out on nails. The subjects in this study were 6 nails. This research was conducted by quantitative method, namely Experiment. The experimental method is a quantitative research method used to determine the effect of the independent variable (treatment) on the dependent variable (outcome) under controlled conditions. The result of his research is that the fastest and most visible corrosion is in plastic cups which are given hot water as a medium.
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Wu, Haoliang, Jing Yu, Jiajia Zhou, Weiwen Li, and Christopher K. Y. Leung. "Experimental Study on Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Soil Nail with Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Grout." Infrastructures 6, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6110161.

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Conventionally, a soil nail is a piece of steel reinforcement installed inside a hole drilled into the slope and filled with cement paste (CP) grout. Chloride penetration is a major deterioration mechanism of conventional soil nails as the CP grout is easy to crack with an uncontrollable crack opening when the soil nail is subject to loading or ground movements. Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) are a class of fiber-reinforced material exhibiting excellent crack control even when loaded to several percent of strain, and therefore, ECCs have great potential to replace traditional CP grout in soil nails for achieving a long service life. In this study, the chloride ion transport characteristics and electrically accelerated corrosion process of steel rebar in ECC and CP grouts are systematically studied. The rapid chloride ion penetration test results showed a reduction of 76% and 58% passing charges in ECC with 0.15% and 0.3% pre-loading strain, respectively, as compared to that in un-cracked CP. Furthermore, the accelerated corrosion experimental data showed that ECC under pre-loading strain still exhibited a coefficient of chloride ion diffusion that is 20–50% lower than CP grout due to the ability to control crack width. Service life calculations based on experimentally measured parameters showed that the predicted corrosion rate and corrosion depth of soil nails in ECC grout were much lower than those in CP grout. The findings can facilitate the design of soil nails with excellent durability and long service life.
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Frommer, Adrien, Robert Roedl, Georg Gosheger, Julian Hasselmann, Cordula Fuest, Gregor Toporowski, Andrea Laufer, Henning Tretow, Martin Schulze, and Bjoern Vogt. "Focal osteolysis and corrosion at the junction of Precice Stryde intramedullary lengthening device." Bone & Joint Research 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.107.bjr-2021-0146.r1.

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Aims This study aims to enhance understanding of clinical and radiological consequences and involved mechanisms that led to corrosion of the Precice Stryde (Stryde) intramedullary lengthening nail in the post market surveillance era of the device. Between 2018 and 2021 more than 2,000 Stryde nails have been implanted worldwide. However, the outcome of treatment with the Stryde system is insufficiently reported. Methods This is a retrospective single-centre study analyzing outcome of 57 consecutive lengthening procedures performed with the Stryde nail at the authors’ institution from February 2019 until November 2020. Macro- and microscopic metallographic analysis of four retrieved nails was conducted. To investigate observed corrosion at telescoping junction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed. Results Adjacent to the nail’s telescoping junction, osteolytic changes were observed in bi-planar radiographs of 20/57 segments (35%) after a mean of 9.5 months (95% confidence interval 7.2 to 11.9) after surgery. A total of 8/20 patients with osseous alterations (40%) reported rest and ambulation pain of the lengthened segment during consolidation. So far, 24 Stryde nails were retrieved and in 20 (83%) macroscopic corrosion was observed at the nail’s telescoping junction. Before implant removal 11/20 radiographs (55%) of lengthened segments with these 20 nails revealed osteolysis. Implant retrieval analysis by means of SEM showed pitting and crevice corrosion. EDX detected chromium as the main metallic element of corrosion. Conclusion Patients are exposed to the risk of implant-related osteolysis of unclear short- and long-term clinical consequences. The authors advocate in favour of an early implant removal after osseous consolidation. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(7):425–436.
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Yanagisawa, Yuta, Yoshinaka Shimizu, Toshiji Mukai, Yuya Sano, Kenji Odashima, Naoko Ikeo, Haruka Saito, Kensuke Yamauchi, Tetsu Takahashi, and Hiroyuki Kumamoto. "Biodegradation behaviors of magnesium(Mg)-based alloy nails in autologous bone grafts: In vivo study in rabbit skulls." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 20 (January 2022): 228080002210952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22808000221095230.

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Objective: In this study, autologous bone grafts using bone-fixing nails made of magnesium-zinc-calcium ternary alloys were performed using rabbit skulls. Material and methods: Two types of nails for bone fixation were prepared: 2.5 mm width, 3 mm length and 2.5 mm width, 2 mm length. A disk-shaped bone with a diameter of 5 mm was resected from the parietal bone and fixed with a 3 mm long nail. As a control group, a 2 mm long nail was driven into the existing bone. The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery. The resected samples were observed with micro X-ray CT, and embedded in methyl methacrylate to prepare non-decalcified specimens. The in vivo localization of elements was examined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results: Micro X-ray CT images of samples showed volume reduction due to degradation in both the bone graft and control groups. No significant difference in the amount of degradation between the two groups was observed, however characteristic degradation processes were observed in each group. The samples stained with alizarin red S showed amorphous areas around the nails, which were considered as corrosion products and contacted directly with the newly formed bones. EDS analysis showed that corrosion products were mainly composed of magnesium and oxygen at an early stage, while calcium and phosphorus were detected on the surface layer during the long-term observation. Conclusions: The degradation speed of the magnesium alloy nails varied depending on the shapes of the nails and surrounding tissue conditions. A calcium phosphate layer was formed on the surface of magnesium alloy nails, suggesting that the degradation rate of the nail was slow.
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Santoso, Aman, Novita Agustin, Sumari Sumari, Siti Marfuah, Rini Retnosari, Ihsan Budi Rachman, Anugrah Ricky Wijaya, and Muhammad Roy Asrori. "Synthesis of methyl esters from palm oil, candlenut oil, and sunflower seed oil and their corrosion phenomena on iron nail." AIMS Materials Science 9, no. 5 (2022): 719–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2022044.

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<abstract> <p>Biodiesel products show corrosive properties. Biodiesel contains components of saturated and unsaturated esters which tend to be unstable, sensitive to light, temperature, and metal ions. Thus, the study aims to synthesize biodiesel from various vegetable oils (palm oil, sunflower seed oil, and candlenut oil), and to analyze its corrosiveness to ferrous nails and characterization of biodiesel. The research stages were: synthesis of methyl ester and its characterization, and corrosion test. The results showed that the methyl ester characteristics of the samples meet requirements with SNI7182 : 2015. In GC-MS results, the largest components of methyl esters from candlenut oil and sunflower seed oil were 35.04% methyl oleate and 46.79% methyl oleate respectively, while in palm oil, the largest components were 41.60% methyl oleate and 41.16%. methyl palmitate. Corrosion test showed that the corrosion rate of ferrous nail in biodiesel at room temperature was lower than 70 ℃. Based on GC-MS and SEM results, biodiesel contained high unsaturated fatty acids and had a corrosion rate, i.e., at room temperature, the methyl ester of palm oil, candlenut oil, and sunflower seed oil were 0.006 mpy, 0.011 mpy, and 0.011 mpy respectively, while at 70 ℃, they were 0.011 mpy, 0.016 mpy, and 0.017 mpy, respectively. The results corresponded to SEM results at high temperature and significantly high content of unsaturated fatty acids. It was indicated by the formation of pits.</p> </abstract>
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Bane, Marin, Florin Miculescu, Ana Iulia Blajan, Mihaela Dinu, and Iulian Antoniac. "Failure Analysis of some Retrieved Orthopedic Implants Based on Materials Characterization." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.114.

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The aim of this paper is to determine causes of failure of orthopedic implants like intramedullary nail based on explants analysis and materials characterization. The clinical performance, corrosion characteristics and metallurgical properties of some retrieved titanium femoral nails have been examined. The macroscopic and the microscopic investigation of explants help us to describe the breaking mechanism and to identify the potential causes that led to implant failure.
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Hothi, Harry, Sean Bergiers, Johann Henckel, Alexis D. Iliadis, William David Goodier, Jonathan Wright, John Skinner, Peter Calder, and Alister J. Hart. "Analysis of retrieved STRYDE nails." Bone & Joint Open 2, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.28.bjo-2021-0126.

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Aims The aim of this study was to present the first retrieval analysis findings of PRECICE STRYDE intermedullary nails removed from patients, providing useful information in the post-market surveillance of these recently introduced devices. Methods We collected ten nails removed from six patients, together with patient clinical data and plain radiograph imaging. We performed macro- and microscopic analysis of all surfaces and graded the presence of corrosion using validated semiquantitative scoring methods. We determined the elemental composition of surface debris using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and used metrology analysis to characterize the surface adjacent to the extendable junctions. Results All nails were removed at the end of treatment, having achieved their intended lengthening (20 mm to 65 mm) and after regenerate consolidation. All nails had evidence of corrosion localized to the screw holes and the extendable junctions; corrosion was graded as moderate at the junction of one nail and severe at the junctions of five nails. EDS analysis showed surface deposits to be chromium rich. Plain radiographs showed cortical thickening and osteolysis around the junction of six nails, corresponding to the same nails with moderate – severe junction corrosion. Conclusion We found, in fully united bones, evidence of cortical thickening and osteolysis that appeared to be associated with corrosion at the extendable junction; when corrosion was present, cortical thickening was adjacent to this junction. Further work, with greater numbers of retrievals, is required to fully understand this association between corrosion and bony changes, and the influencing surgeon, implant, and patient factors involved. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(8):599–610.
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Cheng, Y. M., and Wen Bing Wei. "Application of Innovative GFRP Pipe Soil Nail System in Hong Kong." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 3006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.3006.

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The current method of soil nail construction in Hong Kong is both labour intensive as well as expensive and a search for new soil nail material is required. In the present pilot test, light weight high strength and high corrosion resistance GFRP pipe with Tube a’ Manchette grouting technique is used as soil nail instead of the conventional steel reinforcement. It is found that this material can be handled easily on site with difficult access. From extensive laboratory as well as field tests, it is demonstrated that this new soil nail technique has various advantages for use in Hong Kong and many developed cities. The field test results on this innovative soil nail will be discussed in this paper.
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Ghiban, Brandusa, Iulian Antoniac, Gheorghe Dan, Alexandru Ghiban, and Razvan Ene. "Metallurgical Failure Analysis of Intramedullary Nail Used for Femoral Fracture Stabilization." Key Engineering Materials 695 (May 2016): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.695.178.

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Currently orthopedics challenge is the use of intramedullary nails to straighten diaphyseal femoral fractures. In this paper it was conducted a case study on an intramedullary nail used for femoral fracture stabilization, in the case of one young patient. The evolution was unfavorable to the fracture site and the implant failed after three month of first surgical intervention. Intramedullary nail dimensions were 300mm length and 10mm in diameter. The following investigations were made in order to establish the failure causes: determination of the chemical composition through spectral analysis, macrostructural analysis using stereomicroscopy, optical microstructural analysis using optical microscopy, fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscopy. The final conclusions showed that the metallic biomaterial used for manufacturing the intramedullary nail was approximately an austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L, but with major microstructural defects. Macro-structural analysis revealed the presence of two zones of cracking, which are very rare at austenitic stainless steels. Also breaking with a fragile character has radial front tear propagation. In longitudinal section, cracks were evidenced due to the extraction operation and also the presence of corrosion products was shown. From fractographic analysis it was determined that intramedullary nail failure was predominantly through the mechanism of brittle fracture that took place at the point of maximum bending of the implant fragile.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nail corrosion"

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McGeachie, M. T., University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and of Construction Property and Planning School. "Characterisation of the Sydney region in relation to corrosion, timber decay risk factors and the corrosion of nails in timber in covered conditions." THESIS_CLAB_CPP_McGeachie_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/491.

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The aim of the study was to characterise the environment in the Sydney region in respect of atmospheric corrosivity, timber decay risk factors and the corrosion of nails in timber in covered conditions. The study reviewed contemporary research in this field, particularly in Australia, developing an understanding of the durability failure mechanisms for timber and nails in timber. The study looked at the effects of climatic aspects, pollutants, corrosion on timber decay risk factors. The study found that the levels of risk in terms of timber degradation, corrosion and nail corrosion were greatest adjacent to the coast and at marine sites.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Wenk, Christine. "Household scale arsenic removal from drinking water with zero-valent iron corrosion products and performance of Kanchan-type iron nail filters with different synthetic groundwaters /." Zürich : ETHZ, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Department of Environmental Sciences, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=421.

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Sampaio, Nilo Antonio de Souza [UNESP]. "Estudo da corrosão das ligas Ni-Cr-Mo para próteses dentárias fixas em solução aquosa de NaF 0,05% , NaCl 0,05% e em colutórios comerciais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103736.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
As ligas Ni-Cr-Mo têm sido usadas como próteses dentárias por possuírem boa resistência mecânica, elevada resistência à corrosão e também por serem economicamente viáveis. A proteção contra a corrosão destas ligas em soluções salinas típicas de meios fisiológicos é devida ao fenômeno de passivação com a formação de uma camada superficial de óxidos, principalmente óxidos de cromo. Este filme protetor submetido a esforços mecânicos num ambiente corrosivo pode se romper parcialmente liberando íons que apresentam efeitos deletérios no corpo humano. Íons fluoreto existentes em produtos de higiene modificam o ambiente bucal e sua presença pode possibilitar o início de um processo corrosivo localizado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a resistência à corrosão de três ligas de Ni-Cr-Mo, de diferentes composições: SC (73% Ni; 14%Cr; 8,5%Mo; 1,8% Be; 1,8%Al), SB (61%Ni; 25%Cr; 10,5%Mo; 1,5%Si) e W (65%Ni; 22,5%Cr; 9,5%Mo; 1,0% Nb; 1,0% Si; 0,5%Fe) em meios contendo fluoretos que simulam as soluções de enxágue bucal. O estudo foi realizado em solução de NaF 0,05 %, NaCl 0,05 % e colutórios comerciais em pH 6,0 a 37ºC, utilizando análise metalográfica, técnica de imersão e ensaios eletroquímicos, . A liga SC, com o maior teor de níquel e o menor teor de cromo não se passiva nos meios estudados apresentando um aumento contínuo na densidade de corrente em função do aumento do potencial, enquanto que as outras ligas apresentam intervalo de passivação de 600 mV e densidade de corrente passiva 10-6 A / cm2. De um modo geral, considerando os ensaios de corrosão por imersão e eletroquímicos, conclui-se que o pior desempenho foi atribuído à liga SC, enquanto que, W e SB apresentaram os melhores desempenhos e comportamentos bastante similares.
Ni-Cr-Mo alloys have been used as dental prostheses due their properties such as good mechanical strength, high corrosion resistance and also because they are economically viable. These alloys corrosion protection in salt solutions which are typical of physiological media, is due to the phenomenon called passivation with an oxide superficial layer formation, particularly chromium oxides. This protective film, subjected to mechanical stress in a corrosive environment,can be broken partially releasing ions that have deleterious effects in a human body. Fluoride ions, existent in hygiene products, change the oral environment and their presence may enable the beginning of a localized corrosion process. The objectics this work is to evaluate the corrosion resistance of three Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, of different compositions: SC (73% Ni, 14% Cr, 8.5% Mo, 1.8% Be, 1.8% Al) SB (61% Ni, 25% Cr, 10.5% Mo, 1.5% Si) and W (65% Ni, 22.5% Cr, 9.5% Mo, 1.0% Nb, 1.0% Si, 0.5% Fe) in media containing fluoride which simulate oral rinse solutions. This study has been in solution of 0.05% NaF, NaCl 0.05% and commercial mouthwashes on pH 6.0 at 37 ° C using metallography analyses, immersion techniques, and electrochemical tests, impedance tests and analysis. SC, with the highest nickel and the lowest chromium content, does not passivate in the studied means showing a continuous increase in current density due to increasing potential, while the other alloys exhibit passivation range of 600 mV and passive current density 10-6 A / cm2. In general, considering the immersion and electrochemical corrosion tests, it is concluded that the worst performance has been attributed to the alloy SC, while W and SB have shown the best performance and very similar behaviors.
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Sampaio, Nilo Antonio de Souza. "Estudo da corrosão das ligas Ni-Cr-Mo para próteses dentárias fixas em solução aquosa de NaF 0,05% , NaCl 0,05% e em colutórios comerciais /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103736.

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Resumo: As ligas Ni-Cr-Mo têm sido usadas como próteses dentárias por possuírem boa resistência mecânica, elevada resistência à corrosão e também por serem economicamente viáveis. A proteção contra a corrosão destas ligas em soluções salinas típicas de meios fisiológicos é devida ao fenômeno de passivação com a formação de uma camada superficial de óxidos, principalmente óxidos de cromo. Este filme protetor submetido a esforços mecânicos num ambiente corrosivo pode se romper parcialmente liberando íons que apresentam efeitos deletérios no corpo humano. Íons fluoreto existentes em produtos de higiene modificam o ambiente bucal e sua presença pode possibilitar o início de um processo corrosivo localizado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a resistência à corrosão de três ligas de Ni-Cr-Mo, de diferentes composições: SC (73% Ni; 14%Cr; 8,5%Mo; 1,8% Be; 1,8%Al), SB (61%Ni; 25%Cr; 10,5%Mo; 1,5%Si) e W (65%Ni; 22,5%Cr; 9,5%Mo; 1,0% Nb; 1,0% Si; 0,5%Fe) em meios contendo fluoretos que simulam as soluções de enxágue bucal. O estudo foi realizado em solução de NaF 0,05 %, NaCl 0,05 % e colutórios comerciais em pH 6,0 a 37ºC, utilizando análise metalográfica, técnica de imersão e ensaios eletroquímicos, . A liga SC, com o maior teor de níquel e o menor teor de cromo não se passiva nos meios estudados apresentando um aumento contínuo na densidade de corrente em função do aumento do potencial, enquanto que as outras ligas apresentam intervalo de passivação de 600 mV e densidade de corrente passiva 10-6 A / cm2. De um modo geral, considerando os ensaios de corrosão por imersão e eletroquímicos, conclui-se que o pior desempenho foi atribuído à liga SC, enquanto que, W e SB apresentaram os melhores desempenhos e comportamentos bastante similares.
Abstract: Ni-Cr-Mo alloys have been used as dental prostheses due their properties such as good mechanical strength, high corrosion resistance and also because they are economically viable. These alloys corrosion protection in salt solutions which are typical of physiological media, is due to the phenomenon called passivation with an oxide superficial layer formation, particularly chromium oxides. This protective film, subjected to mechanical stress in a corrosive environment,can be broken partially releasing ions that have deleterious effects in a human body. Fluoride ions, existent in hygiene products, change the oral environment and their presence may enable the beginning of a localized corrosion process. The objectics this work is to evaluate the corrosion resistance of three Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, of different compositions: SC (73% Ni, 14% Cr, 8.5% Mo, 1.8% Be, 1.8% Al) SB (61% Ni, 25% Cr, 10.5% Mo, 1.5% Si) and W (65% Ni, 22.5% Cr, 9.5% Mo, 1.0% Nb, 1.0% Si, 0.5% Fe) in media containing fluoride which simulate oral rinse solutions. This study has been in solution of 0.05% NaF, NaCl 0.05% and commercial mouthwashes on pH 6.0 at 37 ° C using metallography analyses, immersion techniques, and electrochemical tests, impedance tests and analysis. SC, with the highest nickel and the lowest chromium content, does not passivate in the studied means showing a continuous increase in current density due to increasing potential, while the other alloys exhibit passivation range of 600 mV and passive current density 10-6 A / cm2. In general, considering the immersion and electrochemical corrosion tests, it is concluded that the worst performance has been attributed to the alloy SC, while W and SB have shown the best performance and very similar behaviors.
Orientador: Eduardo Norberto Codaro
Coorientador: Heloisa A. Acciari
Banca: Ana Paula Rosifini Alves
Banca: Gilmar Clemente Silva
Banca: Alain Laurent Marie Robin
Banca: Roberto Zenhei Nakazato
Doutor
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Cerra, Florez Mauro Andrés. "Estudo comparativo da resistência à corrosão entre aços alto manganês e o aço 9% níquel em soluções aquosas de H2SO4 e NaCl." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/25624.

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CERRA FLOREZ, M. A. Estudo comparativo da resistência à corrosão entre aços alto manganês e o aço 9% níquel em soluções aquosas de H2SO4 e NaCl. 2017. 108 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência de Materiais)–Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.
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Liquefied natural gas volumes which at present have to be stored and/or transported require that the materials engineering constantly develop materials that adapt to the mechanical, chemical and economic needs of the industry. Aluminum alloys, 9% nickel steel alloys and austenitic stainless steels are currently used for cryogenic applications, however, all these materials have disadvantages, such as high cost of production, welding difficulties, corrosion resistance, among others. High manganese steels offer an attractive alternative because manganese and carbon replace nickel as austenite stabilizer; this change also represents a significant decrease in steel fabrication costs. The present study aims to establish a comparative degree of corrosion resistance in two aqueous solutions between four high manganese steels with a content of 28% Mn, 26% Mn, 22% Mn, 20% Mn in relation to the 9% Nickel that is widely used in petrochemical industry. Mass fraction diagrams were performed in Thermo-Calc® software. The steels were characterized using the techniques: Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Electron Backscatter Diffraction Analysis (EBSD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Optical Emission Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence. The mechanical properties were evaluated by hardness and microhardness measurements. The corrosion resistance was evaluated in aqueous solutions of NaCl and H 2 SO 4 by Open Circuit Potential (OCP), Linear Polarization Curves and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The results obtained in the thermodynamic study helped to predict the phases present in these steels as well as the heat treatment temperature. The microstructural study revealed the influence of the phases on the mechanical properties, showing that the 9% nickel steel presents higher hardness values than the high manganese steels. The corrosion tests showed that the high manganese steels have less corrosion resistance than 9% nickel steel, due to the formation of unstable and poorly compacted oxides that do not provide protection against corrosion; In contrast, the oxides formed by the 9% nickel steel gave it a better protection as observed in the curves that were found.
Os volumes de gás natural liquefeito que na atualidade precisam ser armazenados e/ou transportados requerem que a engenharia de materiais desenvolva constantemente materiais que se adaptem às necessidades mecânicas, químicas e econômicas da indústria. As ligas de alumínio, aço 9% níquel e aços inoxidáveis são utilizadas para aplicações criogênicas, mas todos estes materiais têm desvantagens, como altos custos de produção, dificuldades para a soldagem, entre outras. Os aços alto manganês oferecem uma alternativa – devido ao manganês e o carbono substituírem o níquel como estabilizador da austenita no aço, este câmbio também representa uma diminuição apreciável nos custos de fabricação do aço. O presente estudo visa estabelecer um grau comparativo da resistência à corrosão em duas soluções aquosas entre quatro aços alto manganês com conteúdo de 28%Mn, 26%Mn, 22%Mn, 20%Mn em relação ao aço 9% níquel que é amplamente utilizado na indústria petroquímica. Foram realizados diagramas de fração em massa no software Thermo-Calc ® ; os aços foram caracterizados utilizando as técnicas: Microscopia Óptica, MEV, EBSD, EDS, Espectroscopia de Emissão Ótica e Fluorescência de Raios X; as propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas por medidas de dureza e microdureza. A resistência à corrosão foi avaliada em soluções aquosas de NaCl e de H 2 SO 4 utilizando as técnicas de monitoramento do Potencial de Circuito Aberto (OCP), as Curvas de Polarização Linear e a Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica. Os resultados obtidos no estudo termodinâmico ajudaram a prever as fases presentes nestes aços, assim como a temperatura de tratamento térmico. O estudo microestrutural revelou a influência das fases nas propriedades mecânicas, mostrando que o aço 9% níquel apresenta maiores valores de dureza que os aços alto manganês. E os ensaios de corrosão mostraram que os aços alto manganês apresentam menor resistência à corrosão do que o aço 9% níquel, devido à formação de óxidos instáveis e pouco compactos que não provêm proteção contra a corrosão; em contraste com os óxidos formados pelo aço 9% níquel, outorgaram-lhe uma melhor proteção como foi observado nas curvas encontradas.
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Oliveira, Mariana Cristina de. "Efeito da deformação plástica na corrosão do aço API 5L X65 em solução ácida de NaCl." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/155949.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a influência da deformação plástica no comportamento corrosivo de oleodutos em ambiente ácido contendo cloreto de sódio. As tubulações trabalham em ambiente altamente corrosivo e estão sujeitas à deformação plástica, o que altera as propriedades mecânicas do aço. Com isso é necessário avaliar a integridade da tubulação em serviço. Para tanto retirou-se amostras de uma tubulação do aço de baixo carbono API 5L X65, um dos mais utilizados pela indústria do petróleo e gás para fabricação de tubulações de transporte. As amostras foram deformadas plasticamente em 0,5%; 1,0%; 1,5%; 2,0% e 2,5% por meio de um ensaio de tração. A microestrutura das amostras deformadas foi caracterizada, através da microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, apresentando uma matriz de ferrita – perlita fina. Uma nova análise microestrutural foi realizada após os ensaios de corrosão, indicando que o aço sofre um processo de corrosão generalizada. Para avaliar o comportamento corrosivo foram realizados testes laboratoriais de imersão e eletroquímicos para caracterizar o processo corrosivo em solução ácida contendo 3% de cloreto de sódio. O teste de imersão teve a finalidade de comparar a perda de massa de uma amostra sem deformação plástica e outra com deformação plástica de 2,5%. Os resultados indicaram que não há diferença significativa entre as amostras. Utilizou se as técnicas eletroquímicas de OCP, polarização de Tafel, EIS e Permeação de hidrogênio, em todas as técnicas verificou-se que o processo de corrosão é uniforme. O processo de corrosão não apresentou variação significativa devido à deformação plástica, porém indicou que a deformação plástica aumenta a suscetibilidade à permeação de hidrogênio no aço.
This work aims to investigate the influence of plastic deformation on the corrosive behavior of pipelines in acidic environment containing sodium chloride. The pipelines work in a highly corrosive environment and are subject to plastic deformation, which alters the steel’s mechanical properties. Therefore, integrity assessment of a pipeline in service is necessary. For this purpose, samples were taken from a pipeline of API 5L X65 low carbon steel, one of the most used by the oil and gas industry to manufacture transport pipelines. The samples were plastically deformed in 0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%; 2.0% and 2.5% by a tensile test. The microstructure of deformed samples was characterized by optical and scanning electronic microscopy, presenting a fine ferrite and pearlite matrix. A new microstructural analysis was performed after the corrosion tests, indicating that the corrosion process is uniform. The corrosive behavior was assessed by laboratory immersion and electrochemical tests to characterize the corrosive process in acid solution containing sodium chloride 3%. The immersion test was used to compare the mass loss between a sample without plastic deformation and another 2,5% plastic deformed. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the samples. It was used the OCP, polarization of Tafel, EIS and Hydrogen Permeation electrochemical techniques, all techniques showed a uniform corrosion process. The corrosion process did not present significant variation due to the plastic deformation, however it indicated that the plastic deformation increases the susceptibility to the hydrogen permeation in the steel.
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Jesus, Antonio Carlos Neto de. "Estudo dos parâmetros: teor de NaCl e acabamento superficial, na resistência à corrosão localizada e generalizada em tubos de cobre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-07102011-140611/.

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Tubos de cobre fabricados com o material ASTM C12200 (99,9%Cu-0,015-0,040%P) são utilizados mundialmente no transporte de água potável. A maior causa de vazamentos nestas tubulações é a corrosão por pite, que usualmente estão relacionadas com a qualidade da água. Estudos recentes mostraram que vazamentos em tubos de cobre usados para transporte de água de rede pública ocorreram em decorrência da corrosão por pite, o que se deu em virtude da presença do íon cloreto originado do tratamento para a desinfecção da água. Outro parâmetro que pode influenciar a corrosão por pite é a condição de acabamento interno dos tubos. Os óleos lubrificantes usados no processo de fabricação de tubos de cobre contêm carbono e este forma um filme deletério após o recozimento destes tubos. Este filme cria condições na superfície interna para a formação de pilhas de ação local. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar se o teor de cloreto de sódio no meio aquoso, e o acabamento superficial da superfície interna de tubos de cobre utilizados comercialmente para transporte de água (ABNT/NBR-13206), têm influência na resistência à corrosão destes tubos. A resistência à corrosão foi investigada por meio de ensaios eletroquímicos em soluções naturalmente aeradas com várias concentrações de cloreto de sódio, a 25 oC. A superfície interna dos tubos foi observada, antes e após os ensaios eletroquímicos, por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os tipos de acabamentos superficiais estudados foram: desengraxamento, jateamento e acabamento do processo final de fabricação (sem tratamento). Foi também construído um circuito fechado para estudar o efeito do acabamento superficial na resistência à corrosão sob condições mais próximas das encontradas na prática. O efeito do tratamento de recozimento do tubo em atmosfera inerte, que causa a recristalização da microestrutura e eliminação dos resíduos de óleo lubrificante, também foi avaliado. Os resultados indicaram que o mecanismo de corrosão em soluções com teores de cloreto entre 0,06 mol L-1 e 0,12 mol L-1 correspondeu ao de ataque localizado, enquanto que para a concentração de 0,6 mol L-1 prevaleceu o ataque generalizado. Os resultados do estudo do efeito do acabamento superficial indicaram que os tratamentos que reduzem o teor de carbono na superfície são benéficos à resistência à corrosão, mas este não é o único fator que afeta a resistência à corrosão. Outras características superficiais resultantes do tratamento da superfície também devem ser consideradas. Por exemplo, embora o jateamento cause a diminuição do teor de carbono na superfície dos tubos, o aumento de rugosidade produzido por este acabamento pode resultar em uma menor resistência à corrosão. Os tratamentos superficiais que produziram superfície com maiores resistências à corrosão foram aqueles que também produziram superfícies com menores teores de carbono, a saber, desengraxe e recozimento.
Copper tubes manufactured with C12200 ASTM (99.9% Cu-0015-0040% P) are used worldwide for potable water transport. The largest number of leakages in these tubes is due to pitting, usually related to the water quality, associated to the presence of chloride ions originated from water disinfecting treatment. The literature on the effect of chloride on the corrosion of copper pipelines is controversial. The finishing of the copper tubes inner might also influence pitting corrosion. The lubricating oils used in the manufacture of copper tubes contain carbon and a deleterious film might form during annealing. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of sodium chloride content and the inner surface finishing of copper tubes used for water transport (ABNT/NBR-13206) on their corrosion resistance. The study was carried out by electrochemical tests in naturally aerated sodium chloride solutions at various concentrations, at 25 °C. The tubes inner surface was observed previous to and after the electrochemical tests by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of the following surface finishing were investigated: degrease, sand blasting, annealing and the surface without treatment. A loop was built to simulate the operational conditions of the tubes. Results indicated that the corrosion mechanism in chloride solutions with concentrations between 0.06 mol L-1 and 0.12 mol L-1 was localized attack, whereas in the 0.6 mol L-1 solution, generalized attack was the predominant mechanism. The results the surface finishing investigation indicated that the treatments that leads to carbon content reduction are beneficial to corrosion resistance. However, other features must also be considered. For instance, although sand blasting reduces the carbon content on the tubes surface, the increase in roughness due to this treatment decreases the corrosion resistance. The surface treatments that resulted in increased corrosion resistance were those that also resulted in lower carbon levels at the surface, namely degreasing and annealing.
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Strandheim, Espen Oldeide. "AC Induced Corrosion of Carbon Steel in 3.5wt% NaCl Electrolyte." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for materialteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19589.

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This paper deals with alternating current (AC) corrosion of low alloy carbon steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl electrolyte. Accelerated corrosion rates have been reported when exposed to AC and the corrosion mechanism is not well understood. Electrical heating of subsea pipelines, applied to avoid hydrate formation and waxing of multiphase hydrocarbon well streams has made this topic increasingly relevant in recent years. To study the effect of AC on corrosion rates, weight loss experiments under a wide range of experimental conditions were performed. Results show that AC strongly influence corrosion kinetics of the system studied. Once AC is applied, a drop in corrosion potential and the formation of a passive iron oxide surface layer is observed. This layer is porous and believed to be the result of a rapid surface alkalization. Pitting corrosion is observed for all applied AC densities at open circuit. Weight loss- and LPR measurements conform well and the use of this technique in the presence of AC is on this basis considered valid. Corrosion rates increase as applied level of AC is increased and an approximately linear relationship has been established between iAC and icorr.
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Lin, Huang. "Atmospheric Corrosion of Ag and Cu with Ozone, UV and NaCl." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1357309228.

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Petit, Luc. "Etude de la corrosion d'alliages de fer et de nickel par les mélanges Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaCl et Na2CO3, Na2S, Na2SO4, NaCl entre 300oC et 900oC : application aux chaudières de récupération (procédé KRAFT)." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0119.

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Etude de la corrosion en milieu de sels fondus (melanges na::(2)so::(4), na::(2)co::(3), nacl et na::(2)co::(3), na::(2)s, na::(2)so::(4), nacl) pour des temperatures comprises entre 300**(o)c et 900**(o)c d'alliages de nickel (in800, in600. . . ) et d'aciers inoxydables (z6cn1810, z12cn25-20. . . ). Mesure des variations de masse et examen des produits formes. Influence d'un traitement de surface. Influence de la composition de l'alliage. Mecanisme de corrosion
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Books on the topic "Nail corrosion"

1

Satō, Sanae. Kugimaru niseigō no himitsu: Sabi ga dekiru shikumi o saguru. Tōkyō: Dai Nihon Tosho, 1985.

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Kugimaru niseigo no himitsu: Sabi ga dekiru shikumi o saguru (Kodomo kagaku toshokan). Dai Nihon Tosho, 1985.

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P, Dhar H., and Texas A & M University. Sea Grant College Program., eds. Corrosion behavior of 70Cu-30Ni alloy in 0.5M NaCl and in synthetic seawater. College Station, Tex: Sea Grant College Program, Texas A & M University, 1985.

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P, Dhar H., and Texas A & M University. Sea Grant College Program., eds. Corrosion of Cu and Cu-Ni alloys in 0.5M NaCl and in synthetic seawater. College Station, Tex: Sea Grant College Program, Texas A & M University, 1985.

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P, Dhar H., and Texas A & M University. Sea Grant College Program., eds. Corrosion of Cu and Cu-Ni alloys in 0.5M NaCl and in synthetic seawater. College Station, Tex: Sea Grant College Program, Texas A & M University, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nail corrosion"

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Novakova, A. A., T. S. Gendler, and N. D. Manyurova. "Study of Corrosion Layer Products from an Archaeological Iron Nail." In Microbial Corrosion, 338–45. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367814106-30.

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Sampath, Dhinakaran, and Raghu V. Prakash. "Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of a Mn-Ni-Cr Steel in 3.5 % NaCl Medium and Its Modeling." In Advances in Electrochemical Techniques for Corrosion Monitoring and Laboratory Corrosion Measurements, 323–44. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp160920170234.

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Essom, Hamida. "Cupronickel Alloy Corrosion Inhibition in a Medium (0.5 M Nacl)." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions, 205–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_67.

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Zadorozne, Natalia S., Jorge D. Vier, Raúl B. Rebak, and Alicia E. Ares. "Corrosion Behavior of Super-Ferritic Stainless Steels in NaCl Media." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2017, 339–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51382-9_37.

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Nakanishi, A. "CEMS study of corrosion products formed by NaCl aqueous solution." In ICAME 2011, 143–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4762-3_20.

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Suzuki, Ryouji, Kazuhiko Noda, Yusuke Tsutsumi, and Takao Hanawa. "Localized Corrosion Resistance of Co-Cr Alloy in NaCl Solution." In PRICM, 2451–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118792148.ch303.

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Suzuki, Ryouji, Kazuhiko Noda, Yusuke Tsutsumi, and Takao Hanawa. "Localized Corrosion Resistance of Co-Cr Alloy in NaCl Solution." In Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, 2451–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48764-9_303.

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Omoniyi, P. O., R. M. Mahamood, N. Arthur, S. Pityana, S. Skhosane, T. C. Jen, and E. T. Akinlabi. "Corrosion Behavior of Laser-Welded Ti6Al4V in 3.5%Wt NaCl." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 395–400. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3307-3_37.

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Xu, Wei Jun, Ying Ma, Ti Jun Chen, and Yuan Hao. "Corrosion Behavior of Thixoformed AZ91D Magnesium Alloy in NaCl Aqueous Solution." In Key Engineering Materials, 2611–14. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.2611.

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Elrefaie, F. A., H. A. Ahmed, M. M. I. Ahmed, and K. E. Mohamed. "Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Nickel Aluminide, NiAl, in NaCl Medium." In Surface Engineering, 354–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0773-7_36.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nail corrosion"

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Loukil, Nouha, and Mongi Feki. "Corrosion behavior of Zn-Mn alloys in 3% NaCl media." In 1st Corrosion and Materials Degradation Web Conference. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmdwc2021-09927.

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Hejjaj, Chaymae, Ahmed Ait Aghzzaf, Christian Fischer, and Rachid Hakkou. "New layered Aluminum tripolyphosphate intercalated 6-amino hexanoic acid (ATP-6-AHA) as corrosion inhibitor in 3.5%NaCl solution." In 1st Corrosion and Materials Degradation Web Conference. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmdwc2021-09925.

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Garcia, Eduardo, and Calvin M. Stewart. "Stress Corrosion Cracking in Generic Aluminum Foil Under 3.5% NaCl Solution." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66296.

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Recently, there has been an interest in aluminum alloys by many industrial areas as an environmentally-friendly material reducing environment pollution. Now, especially for maritime industries aluminum alloys are in the spotlight for ship construction instead of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) or even stainless steel. Aluminum alloy ships are fast, lightweight, and exhibit a great load capacity when compared to traditional steel hulls. The Navy’s number one problem is maintenance due to corrosion impact. Annual combined costs of corrosion for army ground vehicles and navy ships range around $6.14B/year. Corrosion impacts the readiness of most Navy systems and is a major factor contributor to life cycle cost. Hence the vision for corrosion technologies is to develop and implement corrosion control and prevention technologies to minimize the impact of material deterioration and maintenance costs. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and environment-induced cracking (EIC) has been extensively investigated using various methods to improve performance, designs, and service life for these structures. Present interested research areas are advanced smart coatings technologies for corrosion control and prevention of its effects under sea water and marine environments. With the rapid development of modern technology, foil metals have found applications in a variety of areas. The mechanical behavior of these materials may be different from that of bulk materials due to size effects. Therefore, models and conclusions for bulk characterization might not be applicable when analyzing foil materials. The purpose of this experiment is to describe and examine the susceptibility of aluminum alloy foil to stress corrosion cracking under 3.5% w.t NaCl solution. Mechanical properties of aluminum specimens were investigated using slow strain rate tests of 0.001 mm/min under load control while inside an environmental chamber at a flow rate of 150 ml/min. Smooth specimen samples with thickness of 0.0508 mm were subjected to monotonic tensile tests until fracture in ambient air and under corrosive solution environment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze stress corrosion cracking and crack propagation observing the different microstructural and intergranular fracture deformations. A digital microscope camera was used to observe and perform an analysis on the corroded specimen surface. A comparison of stress, strain, and time results of fracture between air and 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature were calculated to demonstrate the susceptibility of the aluminum material to SCC. Test standards regarding stress corrosion cracking in metal foils are still limited.
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Li, Ping. "Study on Corrosion Behavior of Rebar HRB335 in NaCl Solution." In 2015 International Power, Electronics and Materials Engineering Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ipemec-15.2015.32.

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Eriksson, Robert, Håkan Brodin, Sten Johansson, Lars Östergren, and Xin-Hai Li. "Cyclic Hot Corrosion of Thermal Barrier Coatings and Overlay Coatings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95526.

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The influence, and interdependence, of water vapor and Na2SO4–50 mol% NaCl on the oxidation of a NiCoCrAlY coating and a thermal barrier coating (TBC) were studied at 750 °C. Water vapor was found to have a negligible effect on oxide composition, but influenced the oxide morphology on the NiCoCrAlY coating. Na2SO4–50 mol% NaCl deposits on the coatings influenced oxide composition, most notably by the promotion of a Y rich phase. The effect of Na2SO4–50 mol% NaCl deposits was also evident for the TBC coated specimen, where the formed metal/ceramic interface oxide was affected by salt reaching the interface by penetration of the zirconia TBC.
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Brossard, Jean-Michel, Florimonde Lebel, Christophe Rapin, Jean-Franc¸ois Mareˆche´, Xavier Chaucherie, Franc¸ois Nicol, and Michel Vilasi. "Lab-Scale Study on Fireside Superheaters Corrosion in MSWI Plants." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2339.

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Combustion of the municipal waste generates highly corrosive gases (HCl, SO2, NaCl, KCl and heavy metals chlorides) and ashes containing alkaline chlorides and sulphates. Currently, corrosion phenomena are particularly observed on superheater’s tubes. Corrosion rates depend mainly on installation design, operating conditions i.e. gas and steam temperature and velocity of the flue gas containing ashes. This paper presents the results obtained using an innovative laboratory-scale corrosion pilot, which simulates MSWI boilers conditions characterized by a temperature gradient at metal tube on the presence of corrosive gases and ashes. The presented corrosion tests were realized on carbon steel at fixed metal temperature (400°C). The influence of the flue gas temperature, synthetic ashes composition and flue gas flow pattern were investigated. After corrosion test, cross section of tube samples were characterised to evaluate thickness loss and estimate corrosion rate while the elements present in corrosion layers were analysed. Corrosion tests were carried out twice in order to validate the accuracy and reproducibility of results. First results highlight the key role of molten phase related to the ash composition and flue gas temperature as well as the deposit morphology, related to the flue gas flow pattern, on the mechanisms and corrosion rates.
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Gomez, Judith C., Robert Tirawat, and Edgar E. Vidal. "Hot Corrosion Studies Using Electrochemical Techniques of Alloys in a Chloride Molten Salt (NaCl-LiCl) at 650°C." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6739.

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Next-generation solar power conversion systems in concentrating solar power (CSP) applications require high-temperature advanced fluids in the range of 600° to 900°C. Molten salts are good candidates for CSP applications, but they are generally very corrosive to common alloys used in vessels, heat exchangers, and piping at these elevated temperatures. The majority of the molten-salt corrosion evaluations for sulfates with chlorides and some vanadium compounds have been performed for waste incinerators, gas turbine engines, and electric power generation (steam-generating equipment) applications for different materials and molten-salt systems. The majority of the molten-salt corrosion kinetic models under isothermal and thermal cyclic conditions have been established using the weight-loss method and metallographic cross-section analyses. Electrochemical techniques for molten salts have not been employed for CSP applications in the past. Recently, these techniques have been used for a better understanding of the fundamentals behind the hot corrosion mechanisms for thin-film molten salts in gas turbine engines and electric power generation. The chemical (or electrochemical) reactions and transport modes are complex for hot corrosion in systems involving multi-component alloys and salts; but some insight can be gained through thermochemical models to identify major reactions. Electrochemical evaluations were performed on 310SS and In800H in the molten eutectic NaCl-LiCl at 650°C using an open current potential followed by a potentiodynamic polarization sweep. Corrosion rates were determined using Tafel slopes and the Faraday law. The corrosion current density and the corrosion potentials using Pt wire as the reference electrode are reported.
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Stephens, R. I., C. D. Schrader, D. L. Goodenberger, K. B. Lease, V. V. Ogarevic, and S. N. Perov. "Corrosion Fatigue and Stress Corrosion Cracking of AZ91E-T6 Cast Magnesium Alloy in 3.5% NaCl Solution." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/930752.

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9

Mulyaningsih, Nani. "Influence of organic corrosion inhibitor on corrosion behavior of St-37 carbon steel in NaCl medium." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL, MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5098183.

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10

Cai, Feng, Xiao Huang, and Qi Yang. "Electrochemical Behaviours of Titanium Nitride (TiN) and Chromium Nitride (CrN) Based PVD Coating Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94024.

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Hard coatings applied to steel components prevent corrosion attacks while at the same time mitigate erosion attack. However, the presence of process related through-coating defects such as pin holes, voids and growth defects, provides accesses for corrosive media to metal substrates, initializing pitting corrosion and eventually resulting in coating failure. This research studies the corrosion behavior of PVD TiN and CrN (CrSiCN) coated steels in 3.5 wt. % NaCl aqueous solution using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results revealed that in a coating-substrate system, effective diffusion coefficient and diffusion layer thickness control the corrosion resistance; both factors are found to be related to coating microstructure. A denser and thicker coating structure are shown to have lower effective diffusion coefficients and greater effective diffusion layer thicknesses and consequently provided a high resistance to electrochemical corrosion.
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Reports on the topic "Nail corrosion"

1

Federer, J. I. High-temperature corrosion of metallic alloys in an oxidizing atmosphere containing NaCl. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6116002.

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2

Raiman, Stephen S., Dino Sulejmanovic, Stephen Utlak, James Kurley III, William S. Ponder, Jake W. Mcmurray, and Bruce A. Pint. Corrosion of 316H Stainless Steel in Molten NaCl-MgCl2 With and Without Mg as a Redox Control Additive. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1560430.

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