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Igbokwe-Ibeto, Chinyeaka Justine. "Re-inventing Nigeria's Public Sector: A Review of National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC)." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v3i2.85.
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Public Over the years, the efficiency and effectiveness of Nigeria’s public sector has been a subject of debate. However, in recent time, the organizational performance and service delivery of National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) have been a success story. Within the framework of New Public Management (NPM) theory, the study investigates the secrete behind the degree of success achieved by NAFDAC with the aim of recommending such to other public sector organizations in Nigeria which has over the year’s demonstrated lack of zeal for service delivery. The study relied heavily on primary and secondary data. Yamani’s formula for sample size determination was used to select a sample of 133 employees from NAFDAC Lagos office out of a total of 200. Weighted mean and chi-square statistical tools was used to determine the independence or otherwise of the variables under investigation. It is the position of the study that NPM has enhanced NAFDAC’s performance and service delivery. It concludes that since the traditional public administration theories has failed to deliver the much needed public goods and services, it is therefore imperative to reinvent Nigeria’s public sector in line with (NPM) international best practices so as to reposition the Nigerian public sector for the challenges of a modern and rapidly changing world. However, while change is desirable, we feel there is need to exercise caution on account of the peculiar nature and character of the Nigerian state and society. Reinventing the country’s public sector should progress slowly and wisely.
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OLATEJU, Olawale Ibrahim. "AN EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF REGULATORY AGENCY ON PROJECT SUCCESS IN LAGOS STATE." LASU Journal of Employment Relations & Human Resource Management 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ljerhrm/8102.01.0141.
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Literature on regulation concentrated on the analysis of the policy on regulating agencies and the rules and guidelines associated with the policies. The effects of regulation on specific firm or industry have not been fully discussed. This study assesses the situation by examining the effects of regulation on project success in pure water production. Survey research design was adopted for this study. Copies of the questionnaire used for the study were administered to members of staff of NAFDAC Lagos State, owners of pure water companies in Lagos state and pure water sellers. Members of staff of NAFDAC, Lagos State, were selected using stratified random sampling technique and purposive sampling technique, while pure water sellers were selected using judgmental sampling technique. The questionnaire for this study was validated using content validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed by determining the reliability correlation coefficients of the data collected at two different periods, which was equal to 0.851. The data collected for the study were presented using charts, tables, percentages and frequencies, while the stated hypotheses were analysed with the aid of correlation analysis and regression analysis. The findings revealed that 85% of the variation in product quality is accounted for by consumer protection policies; 72.6% of the success recorded in operations and activities of pure water manufacturers is accounted for by efforts of NAFDAC regulation; and that there is a significant relationship between regulatory processes and client satisfaction (r = 0.775, p = 0.000). Based on these findings, the study therefore recommended that NAFDAC should partner with state governments to create State-NAFDAC so that the gains will permeate all the nooks and crannies of the country and that pure water producers must have project management skills and knowledge as they carry out their work in the community.
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Aji, Mohammed Modu, Shettima Abba Kyar, and Mustapha Hussaini. "Physiochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Selected Sachet Water in Jere and Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2015): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12177.
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The study involved the determination of some physiochemical and bacteriological properties in sachet-water samples taken within selected geopolitical wards in Jere and Maiduguri Metropolis. The purpose was to ascertain the quality of sachet water sold for consumption within the area. Ten samples were drawn, five from each study area. The samples were analysed for temperature, colour, turbidity, pH, conductivity, iron, total alkalinity and total dissolved solid. Bacteriological analysis was also carried out using multiple tube (most probable number) technique for enumeration of both total coli form count and differential Escherichia coli count. Other physical examination like volume, National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC) registration number, batch number, production date and expiry date were also examined. The results obtained were compared with World Health Organization (WHO), NAFDAC and Nigeria Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Variations were observed among the entire samples in comparison with the standard. Some of the parameters conform to the standard like the Tempreture, pH, colour, odour, iron content and NAFDAC registration number while others like TDS, total alkalinity and volumetric quantity fell below the standard. The bacteriological analysis also showed that 80% of the samples studied revealed the presence of coliforms. Hence, there is need for regulatory agencies like NAFDAC and Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) to intensify effort in the routine monitoring of quality of sachet water marketed for consumption.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12177 International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, page: 48-57
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Adekunle, Simon Ayo, and Olamitunji Dakare. "Sustainable manufacturing practices and performance of the Nigerian table water industry: a structural equation modeling approach." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 4 (June 2, 2020): 1003–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-11-2019-0255.
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PurposeThis study empirically examined and investigated the relationship between sustainable manufacturing practices (SMPs) and performance of table water industry (TWI) in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional survey research design was adopted for this study. The population of this study covers all the registered table water firms in Delta and Edo states by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Convenience sampling, a nonprobability sampling method, was used in administering the questionnaire to selected table water firms in the two states used for the study. The sample can be considered as experimental group used for the research and analysis. Data collected through questionnaire administration were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in estimating the research models, through the use of Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS version 24) software.FindingsThe study found that SMPs are adopted by table water firms registered by NAFDAC. It was also found that sustainable packaging and waste management significantly influence the different dimensions of sustainable performance of table water firms.Practical implicationsThe study recommends that table water producers should ensure they consistently adhere to NAFDAC standards after product registration and certification to make the products safe for consumption. Also, NAFDAC should promote a regulatory environment with appropriate incentives to table water firms that consistently comply with stipulated regulations that can promote the sustainability of the environment while any table water firms found engaging in unwholesome activities that can undermine the health status of consumers should be severely sanctioned.Originality/valueThe study provides a comprehensive analysis of sustainability practices in the Nigerian TWI by examining four manufacturing practices and how they impact on sustainability performance of the industry. The study will help to reinforce the need for stakeholders in the TWI to be more environmentally conscious.
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Olaniyi, Olaniyi. "Control (NAFDAC) approved fruit juices sold in Ilorin metropolis." African Journal of Food Science 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2013): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajfs12.163.
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N. Mba, Calister. "A Web-Based Wireless Access to Online Information System for NAFDAC." International Journal of Database Management Systems 4, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijdms.2012.4604.
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Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Osariyekemwen Osa Uyi, and Ikponmwosa Nathaniel Egbon. "The Physicochemical Characteristics of Ibiekuma River Ekpoma, Nigeria." Journal of Wetlands Ecology 6 (November 2, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v6i0.5242.
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The Ibiekuma River is an important source of livelihood to its catchment. It contributes enormously to research success and living standard of students and staffs of the Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of anthropogenic activities on the physicochemical properties of Ibiekuma River. Twenty seven water samples were collected at four stations during the study period and analyzed accordingly. The results obtained shows that the physicochemical parameters of the river were in conformity with the World Health Organization (WHO), National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) safe limits, except for pH values which ranged from 4.69 to 4.81. The heavy metal concentrations were found to be within the limit of the guidelines prescribed by WHO and NAFDAC. Also, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the concentrations of the physicochemical parameters across the four stations sampled along the Ibiekuma River. Water obtained from Ibiekuma River will be fit for domestic use, only if purified. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v6i0.5242 J Wet Eco 2012 (6): 01-06
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Annabi, Carrie Amani, and Jinadu Lolade Ahmed. "Halal Beef Handling in Nigeria: The Abattoir Workers‟ Perspective." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2015): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v3i2.9060.
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Despite Nigeria‟s large Muslim population of 77.3 million citizens, very little research has been carried out in terms of addressing Halal needs in Nigeria. This study reviewed the perspective of abattoir workers‟ involved with Halal beef in two abattoirs in Abuja. The research made use of primary data gathered by conducting telephone interviews, using semi-structured interview questions. Although the National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration Control (NAFDAC) guidelines which govern Halal beef handling in Nigeria proved to have commonalities with those recommended by the Jurisdiction of Department of Islamic Development in Malaysia, (JAKIM), the findings revealed that there was a general lack of awareness about either of those guidelines amongst the abattoir workers interviewed. The abattoir workers that participated indicated that their perception of what constitutes Halal beef handling best practice was based on personal opinion. Thus, there is the need to create better awareness on the current guidelines for Halal beef handling provided by NAFDAC. Furthermore there is a need for Halal beef handling training for the abattoir workers in Nigeria. This was evidenced in the fact that additional Halal beef logistics activities such as packaging, storage and transportation were found to be carried out by third party logistics (3PLs) organizations which made it difficult to ascertain the Halal integrity of the Halal beef supply chain.
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Awodele, Olufunsho, Ali Ibrahim, and Paul Orhii. "Patterns of adverse drug reaction signals in NAFDAC Pharmacovigilance activities from September to November, 2014." International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine 28, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jrs-160669.
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Adesina, Evaristus, Boluwatife Ajayi, Emmanuel O. Amoo, Babatunde Adeyeye, Mofoluwake P. Ajayi, Tomike Olawande, Adebanke Olawole-Isaac, and Mercy E. Udume. "Consumers’ Knowledge and Use of Nutritional Labelling Information in Lagos, Nigeria." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010578.
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Nutrition labelling is a topical issue, being a vital aid that shapes consumers’ food choices and could be an efficient tool for the prevention of consumer vulnerability to diet-related diseases such as cancer, high blood pressure, hypertension, and obesity. However, data on the public use of nutritional labels as an information source on nutritional properties of foods and health claims, especially as it relates to Nigeria, are not popular in the literature. This study seeks to examine consumers’ use of labelling information: knowledge; attitude, and practice. A cross-sectional study with the aid of a survey elicited information from 374 randomly selected shoppers in five shopping malls in Lagos State. Data were analysed using the T-test method. Findings show that while the majority of the respondents (70.6%) read the nutritional information, only 64.9% understand the information presented on food labels. The study also reveals that the majority of the respondents (57.5%) do not know that information on food labels should be presented in the English language before any other language as recommended by the National Agency Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). While 57.9% of consumers have a positive attitude towards using food labels, 58% of the respondents’ buying decisions are influenced by food labels. The study concludes that consequent upon the importance of nutritional knowledge and wellbeing, consumers of Fast Moving Goods in Nigeria are beginning to consciously pay attention to nutritional labels. The study recommends that producers of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) products in Nigeria should adopt the total disclosure of ingredients and nutritional content of their products. Also, regulatory bodies in charge of pre-packaged food products in Nigeria (NAFDAC) should go the whole way and make nutritional labelling mandatory.
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Ernest, B., Chuku Aleruchi, Dominic Tiku, Obande Godwin, and Akpuchukwu Vivian. "Comparative Study of Bacteriological Quality of NAFDAC Registered and Unregistered Sachet Water Sold in Lafia Metropolis." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 10, no. 4 (January 10, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2016/29421.
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Feka, DP, BA Anhwange, and PA Adie. "Assessment of Aflatoxin B1 Content of some Local Rice Cultivars in Kaduna State-Nigeria." NIGERIAN ANNALS OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES 3, no. 3a (November 15, 2020): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/napas.155.
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Thirty-nine samples of rice were collected from thirteen Local Government Areas in Kaduna State and analysed for Aflatoxin B1 using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Concentrations of aflatoxin B1 was highest (177.2 µg/kg), in sample obtained at Sanga Local Government Area. These values were above the permissible limits described by some regulatory bodies like National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), European Union (EU) and European African Community (EAC). The concentrations (0.3µg/kg) of samples obtained from Kauru Local Government Area were observed to be the lowest. Generally, the rice samples investigated were found to contain varying concentrations of aflatoxin B1. This implies that direct consumption of the rice without pretreatment to reduce the aflatoxin content could be detrimental to health.
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Wogu, Joseph Oluchukwu, Lois Nnenna Omaka-Amari, Uchenna Cosmas Ugwu, Joel Chinedum Ugwuoke, and Michael Anene Agu. "Influence of NAFDAC Mobile Drugs Authentication Service on the Use of Fake Drugs Among Consumers in Southeast Nigeria." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 5 (April 8, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n5p87.
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OBJECTIVE: This paper investigates the influence of Mobile Authentication Service (MAS) in eliminating the consumption of fake/counterfeit drugs in South-east Nigeria.
METHODS: 1000 respondents were randomly selected in the five states of the South-east as study sample, while a structured questionnaire was used for collecting data. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyse the data.
RESULTS: Analysis results reveal that there is a low level of MAS scheme awareness while few persons operate the MAS scheme. It further reveals that MAS scheme made no impact on the distribution and consumption of fake/counterfeit drugs. It also reveals people’s inability to procure appropriate phone technology, poor network services, and low level of MAS scheme media awareness campaign was responsible for MAS scheme ineffectiveness.
CONCLUSION: NAFDAC MAS scheme has not reduced or eliminated the production, distribution and consumption of fake/counterfeit drugs in the South-east Nigeria. This is because of inappropriate media awareness campaign, people’s inability to procure the appropriate phone technology and access good network services required to operate the MAS scheme. This paper recommends appropriate massive media awareness campaign on the MAS Scheme, modernisation of MAS scheme software to accommodate lower level of phone technology, and improved network access as panacea for MAS scheme effectiveness.
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OKE, F. O., O. A. DIPEOLU, and S. O. AKINBODE. "ANALYSIS OF NUTRITIONAL LABEL USE ON PACKAGED FOODS AMONG URBAN HOMEMAKERS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 16, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v16i1.1661.
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This paper presents the type of food label information used by homemakers in Abeokuta while pur- chasing packaged foods and the socio-economic characteristics influencing its usage. Structured questionnaire was use to elicit information from 149 homemakers drawn by multi-stage sampling tech- niques. The study found that majority (87.20%) of the homemakers were females with mean age of 40.2 years. About two-third (65.40%) of the homemakers considered information on food labels before purchasing packaged foods. The most commonly considered food label information was found to be the NAFDAC (National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control) number (63.8%), fol- lowed by the expiry date (59.1 %), brand name (57%), country of manufacture (51.7%) and nutritional facts (51.0%). Results from logit regression models showed that sex, education, marital status, occu- pation, income and health status were the key factors that significantly (p<0.05) influenced nutritional label use.
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Olowu, R. A., O. O. Ayejuyo, A. Adejoroi, G. O. Adewuyi, M. O. Osundiya, C. T. Onwordi, K. A. Yusuf, and M. S. Owolabi. "Determination of Heavy Metals in Crab and Prawn in Ojo Rivers Lagos, Nigeria." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 2 (2010): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/542149.
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The level of heavy metals in crabs and prawns was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean concentration of copper in the crab was 1.56±0.87 µg/g; the mean concentration of zinc in the crab was also 0.64±1.96 ܖg/g. Chromium had the highest mean concentration of 8.936±35.4 µg/g while cadmium had the lowest mean of 1.66±1.82 µg/g lead was not detected. The mean concentration of heavy metals in prawn samples were follows: copper: 1.04±0.6 µg/g, cadmium: 0.07±0.08 µg/g, chromium: 4.06±7.00 µg/g and Zn 0.64±0.45 µg/g. Lead was not detected in prawn. The mean concentration of copper, cadmium and zinc in prawn was observed to be within the range NAFDAC standard for water and aquatic foods while crabs have higher mean concentration of heavy metals with the exception of zinc and copper are within the limit.
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Onyeneke, E. N., C. E. Duru, and B. C. Nwokeke. "Quality assessment of NAFDAC certified sachet water brands produced in Local Government Areas in Owerri Zone, Imo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Energy and Water Resources 4, no. 3 (April 28, 2020): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42108-020-00070-9.
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Adekunle, Simon Ayo, and Omorodion Omoregbe. "SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING PRACTICES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF TABLE WATER COMPANIES." Journal of Technology and Operations Management 17, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jtom2022.17.2.5.
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The study examined how sustainable environmental performance is impacted by sustainable manufacturing practices in table water companies duly registered by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). A random sample of 297 table water companies was used for the investigation out of which 247 were validly completed. Using the Mahalanobis distance approach, three responses demonstrated the presence of outliers which were deleted from the dataset. Therefore, 244 responses were used for the study. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish the statistical significance and relationship between sustainable manufacturing practices and environmental performance of the selected table water companies. The study found that the investigated sustainable manufacturing practices (sustainable product development, sustainable packaging, and sustainable waste management) have a positive and significant impact on the environmental performance of table water companies. The study recommends that table water companies should invest more resources in state-of-the-art production technologies that could enhance manufacturing process and reduce energy consumption.
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Adams, Samuel Olorunfemi, Rafiu Olayinka Akano, and Rauf Ibrahim Rauf. "An Evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Soft Drinks in Nigeria: A Principal Component Analysis Approach." Advances in Modelling and Analysis A 57, no. 1-4 (December 31, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ama_a.571-403.
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This study aims to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions of twenty-five (25) soft drinks sold in Nigeria. Sample concentration of twenty-five (25) soft drinks used in the study was collected from the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to explain the relationship between the chemical compositions and determine the soft drinks' chemical composition distribution. The result has shown that all except acidity and antioxidant has a significantly strong positive relationship among the chemical structures. PCA suggested retaining three components that explained about 82.465 per cent of the data set's total variability. It was observed that carbonated water, fructose, sucrose, main concentration, stabiliser, E412, colouring and gelatin were the major compositions of the soft drinks in Nigeria, Base on the findings in this study, it is recommendations that; Consumers who are allergic to sugar or diabetic should avoid taking any of the soft drinks with high sugar concentration. Soft drinks companies producing drinks with high sugar content should consider their customers who are diabetic and allergic to high sugar levels.
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Williams, I. O., S. A. Ugbaje, G. O. Igile, and O. O. Ekpe. "Occurrence of Aflatoxin in Some Food Commodities Commonly Consumed in Nigeria." Journal of Food Research 4, no. 5 (August 27, 2015): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n5p81.
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Aflatoxicosis is a public health problem in Nigeria like other tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Control of aflatoxin contamination requires thorough risk assessment, monitoring, quality control and empirical data. This study assayed total aflatoxin levels, identified and quantified four aflatoxin types in five food commodities commonly consumed in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The food materials: <em>Zea mays, Colocynthis citrullus, Capsicum frutescens, Irvingia gabonensis</em> and <em>Arachis hypogea</em> were obtained from Watt market in Calabar urban. ELISA method was used for total aflatoxin, HPLC for aflatoxin types, AOAC for moisture. All (100%) the samples were contaminated with aflatoxin. Contamination was highest in<em> Irvingia gabonensis</em> (63.40 ± 1.79 µg/kg) and least in <em>Zea mays</em> (3.20 ± 0.12 µg/kg) (p < 0.05). Except for <em>Irvingia gabonensis</em> and <em>Colocynthis citrullus</em>, total aflatoxin was within safe intake level of the Nigerian regulatory authority (National Agency for Food and Drug Adminstration and Control {NAFDAC}). All four aflatoxin types occurred in <em>Irvingia gabonensis</em>, <em>Capsicum frutescens</em> and <em>Colocynthis citrullus</em>; none was detected in <em>Arachis hypogea</em>. AFB<sub>1</sub> contamination was highest in<em> Irvingia gabonensis</em> (11.71±0.10 µg/kg) followed by <em>Capsicum frutescens</em> (1.21 ± 0.01 µg/kg); AFB<sub>2</sub> ranged from 0.00 ± 0.00-2.43 ± 0.05 µg/kg, AFG<sub>1 </sub>0.00 ± 0.00-3.73 ± 0.04 µg/kg, and AFG<sub>2</sub> 0.00 ± 0.00-0.54 ± 0.01 µg/kg (p < 0.05). Only<em> Irvingia gabonensis</em> exceeded the limit of AFB<sub>1</sub> specified by NAFDAC for human foods. Moisture content varied widely (3.23 ± 0.03%-10.37 ± 0.19%).<strong> </strong>The trend in the occurrence of aflatoxins in the food samples was directly proportional (r = 0.91) to their moisture contents. Food<strong> </strong>commodities sold in Calabar carry potential health hazard. Improved handling through food processing, preservation and storage can minimize aflatoxins in foodstuffs and ensure sustainable quality of food supply.
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Awodele, Olufunsho, Rebecca Aliu, Ibrahim Ali, Yetunde Oni, and Christianah Mojisola Adeyeye. "Patterns of adverse drug reaction signals in NAFDAC pharmacovigilance activities from January to June 2015: safety of drug use in Nigeria." Pharmacology Research & Perspectives 6, no. 5 (October 2018): e00427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.427.
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Tasi’u, Y. R. and Bichi, A. A. "Assessment of Physical and Chemical Water Quality for Drinking Purpose of Some Reservoirs and Ponds in Rimin Gado Local Government Area, Kano, State, Nigeria." International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v2i1.285.
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The study assessed water quality for drinking purpose of some reservoirs and ponds in Rimingado Local Government area in Kano region. The scarcity of drinking water in the study area lead to the consumption of untreated surface water directly from reservoirs and ponds. The research aimed at analysing the physico-chemical characteristics in the reservoirs and ponds in the study. The study investigated some physiochemical characteristics of the surface water in the area to ascertain the quality condition of the water, standard laboratory techniques were employed in the water quality analysis. The result shows that the levels of physical and chemical parameters are above national and international standards for drinking water. In all the water bodies BOD, phosphate, nitrate, turbidity, and colour were found to be above standards while DO, alkalinity, pH, taste and odour fall within the standard guideline limits. Most of the parameters analysed are above standards of NAFDAC, WHO, SON and FEFA among others. For this reasons the water in the six water bodies is found to be polluted. It is therefore recommended among other things that the water from these sources should be treated properly before consumption besides sourcing water from underground.
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Ali, Kolomi Yusuf, Bukar Mustapha Saleh, and Kolo Mustapha Adam. "Assessment of Water Quality from Shallow Hand-Dug Wells in Dutse Town, North West Nigeria." Arid Zone Journal of Basic and Applied Research 1, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55639/607nmlkj.
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The inhabitants of Dutse depend predominantly on shallow hand dug wells for domestic water supply but these are susceptible to contamination from various sources due to the unprotected nature of this water source, the geology of the area, and anthropogenic activities. The focus of this paper is to assess the physicochemical and test for coliform of the shallow hand-dug wells in Dutse and compare it to the threshold of WHO and the Nigerian Administration Food and Drugs Agency (NAFDAC). Forty-four shallow unprotected public hand-dug wells were purposively selected and sampled across the town. The physical parameters of pH and Electrical Conductivity were measured using a pH meter and electric conductivity meter on site having mean values of 8.74 and 646.37 mg/L indicating that 90 % of the samples exceeded the set standard limits. The chemical analysis was carried out using Flame photometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Ultra Violet Spectrophotometry methods. The heavy metals Cu, Fe, Mn and Cr have average values of 1.43, 0.11, 3.31 and 0.076 mg/L respectively which complied with the limits. The test for coliform was carried out using the coliform counter and all the samples show positive results for the bacteriological analysis the water should be treated before use.
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Echioda, S., P. Olubunmi, S. Salisu, A. Abdulrasheed, E. Ilamah, and H. S. Rita. "The Variation in Trace Minerals Content (Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Mn, Cr) of Irrigation Water, Soil and Vegetables Along Shagari Quarters Irrigation Site of Kano State." European Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (January 27, 2022): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbio.2022.3.1.318.
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This work involves studying the variations of trace mineral contents (Zn, Cd, As, Pb, Mn and Cr) of irrigation water, soil and vegetables at shagari quarters irrigation site of Kano State of Nigeria between the months of June to December 2020. The irrigation water, Soil and vegetables samples were collected from shagari quarters irrigation site and analyzed using Standard analytical methods. The result of the analysis revealed that the concentrations (ppm) of the minerals ranged from Zn (0.71 to 1.75 for sample 5 to sample 2), Cd (0.00 to 0.003 for samples 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and to 2), As (0.00 to 0.48 for samples 6, 7, 8 and 9 to 2), Pb (0.00 to 0.008 for samples 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and to 1 and 2), Mn (0.11 to 1.50 for sample 4 to 2) and Cr (0.05 to 0.34 for sample 4 to 5 and 9). The minerals analysed are within the specification set by National Agency for Foods, Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and as such the Shagari quarters irrigation site as at June to December 2022 is not polluted and the crops are safe for human consumption. However, continuous monitoring is required.
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Babalola, Yemisi T., Rosaline O. Opeke, and Godwin ND Aja. "Determinants of the use of food product information by female workers in Nigerian state universities." Information Development 30, no. 4 (July 9, 2013): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666913490531.
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This study examined the influence of demographic characteristics, perception of food risks and health information literacy on the use of food product information among 561 female staff in eight State Universities in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that age, perceived risks and health information literacy were the factors that influence the use or non-use of food product information among the respondents. Women who are above 50 years are more likely to use food product information in consumption decisions than younger women. Furthermore, the respondents showed high perception of food risks; however, about half of them have optimistic bias towards the hazards of eating unwholesome packaged foods. The study therefore recommends that the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) embark on aggressive awareness campaigns on the health hazards associated with eating unwholesome packaged food, targeting younger female workers in Nigerian State Universities. Public health experts, librarians and other information professionals should also embark on enlightenment programmes for the public and the academic community. This study complements an earlier study which examined the use of various types of food product information in consumption of packaged foods among the same population.
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Taiwo, I. O., O. A. Olopade, and N. A. Bamidele. "Microbial load of some imported frozen fish species in Lagos, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 3 (January 2, 2021): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i3.756.
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Freezing preserves food by stopping the growth and multiplication of microbes or by halting enzymatic activities in foods that would otherwise cause spoilage. This study was conducted to identify and profile the microbes present in frozen fish. Five frozen fish species, Trachurus trachurus, Scombers combrus, Larimichthys crocea, Gadus chalcogrammus and Oreochromis niloticus, were purchased from Ijora–Olopa frozen fish sales outlet in Lagos State and transported in ice-flakes to the laboratory for microbiological analysis of the skin, muscles and gills. S. scombrus and G. chalcogrammus had the highest (5.30 x 102 cfu/g) and lowest microbial loads (1.85 x 102 cfu/g) respectively. The result however showed that L. crocea and G. Chalcogrammus were noticed to be significantly different (P<0.05) for coliform count on both the skin and the gills. These values were much higher than the recommended public health and safety standard values that ranged from 5.0 × 10 and 1.0 × 106CFUg-1, approved by Nigerian National Agency for Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). Hence, it is necessary that frozen foods should be properly cooked before consumption and effective hazard analysis and critical control points implemented. The predominant bacteria species isolated were Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, E. Coli and Salmonella spp while the predominant fungal species isolated were Apergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger and Yeast.
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Abdulrahman, Idris, Amina Aliyu Danbaba, and Garba Uba. "Assessment of Cereals for Fungal Contaminants and Presence of Aflatoxins from Two Major Markets in Kaduna Metropolis." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 8, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v8i1.504.
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Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus that contaminate food products such as cereals leading to serious health and economic consequences. In order to assess the level of fungal contaminants and the presence of aflatoxins in such products, five (5) different cereal samples comprising of rice, maize, millet, wheat and sorghum were purchased each from two major markets within Kaduna metropolis. The samples were assessed for fungal contaminants using ten-fold serial dilution and cultured appropriate dilutions using pour-plate technique. Aflatoxins were detected using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results obtained revealed viable fungal counts ranging from 3 x 102 to 3.2 x 103 cfu/g. The fungal contaminants identified from the samples include Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus. The aflatoxins detected from the samples were within the range of 0.3 to 0.6 part per billion (ppb) which is less than the maximum value (10ppb) recommended by regulatory agencies such as NAFDAC. This indicates that the level of aflatoxin in the samples has insignificant risks to consumers. However, the fungal contamination is an indication of high-level contamination of the cereals, the key producers of aflatoxins. The contamination of such products by fungi should be a source of worry and necessitates the need for proper personal and environmental hygiene in the processing of cereals.
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Daniel, Ayuba. "Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting among Health Professionals in Government Hospitals in Katsina State, Nigeria." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.03.art002.
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Medicines have the potential to cause Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and therefore the need for health professionals to detect and spontaneously report to the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) for further actions to ensure patients and public safety. The study was conducted to ascertain the proportion and reporting procedures of ADRs reported by health professionals in the Government Hospitals in Katsina State, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional survey of 392 health professionals randomly selected from the 19 secondary hospitals in Katsina state. Data were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire from 18th January to 19th February 2021 with a 98.7% and 1.3% response rate. Data were analyzed using STATA software Version 15.0. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the background characteristics of respondents, and the outcome, such as the proportion of ADR reported summarized in percentages, frequencies, and charts. There was only a 28.3% ADRs reporting rate, and 25.1% of health professionals who saw an ADRs case reported it by completing the ADRs form. The level of knowledge on ADRs reporting procedures was 58.3% among respondents. The main systemic challenge with ADRs reporting was the lack of access to the reporting form for ADRs. Therefore, there is a need to improve access to the reporting form in all the hospitals. Keywords: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting, Government Hospitals, Health Professionals, Katsina state, Nigeria, Reporting Rate.
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Barnabas, Favour, Suzan Ukpa, Uchejeso Obeta, Eno Mantu, Suzan Nduke, and Zubaidat Muhammed. "Prevalent of Staphylococcus aureus from Sachet Waters Sold in Different Areas of Jos Terminus Market, Nigeria." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v9i2.616.
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Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes wide range of infectious diseases both in nosocomial and community settings. The Gram-positive pathogen possess virulence factors that facilitate it to establish infections in the hosts. When a “water for life” is contaminated with infectious bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus then, there may be public health challenge in the area. In this study Samples of Sachet water of different companies ware purchased, marked E, T, C and R and examined for the presence of staphylococcus aureus. Total of 80 sachet waters were examined and a prevalence rate of Staphylococcus aureus 5(25.00%) was recorded. The study revealed that sachet water (E) has the highest prevalence of 15.00%, followed by T (5%) and C (5%) and R had the least prevalence with 0.00%. It was discovered that a Prevalence rate of Abuja market terminus recorded 1(5.00%) while that of Ahmadu Bello way has the highest prevalence of 2(10.00%), Yan Taya market 1(5.00%) and railway 1(5.00%). This shows that S. aureus can be isolated from sachet waters. Though the sachet eaters had NAFDAC numbers, it is advisable to review and quality control such sachet water companies regularly because of Staphylococcus aureus and other public health infectious agants. The populace should equally be careful with the type of waters they drink.
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Oluwakorede Fawale, Abdulhafeez Nurudeen Abdulrahman, and Omotola Mary Afuwape. "Assessment of sachet water quality in Ado-Ekiti and Environ." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.2.0805.
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A comprehensive Laboratory assessment involving the physical and chemical analysis of nylon packed sachet water popularly known as pure water within the Ado-Ekiti metropolis in Ekiti state has been carried out. This is in view of the increasing number of the sachet water production factory due to growing population of the people within the metropolis and the need to generally investigate them to know the ones good and safe for domestic consumption. A total of fifteen (15) sachet water samples from different location within Ado-Ekiti, the area of study were collected and analyzed. The test was carried out using the pH comparator, turbidimeter, Lovibond comparator, and the caliform test for pH, turbidity, colour test respectively. The ionic concentration was also determined by adding some reagents and exposing it to the source of light. The result of the analysis shows that he sample has a pH value ranging from 5.11-7.52, Alkalinity 16-160, Electrical conductivity 29-417 ys/cm, Turbidity of the water sample ranges from 5.3-9.3, the total dissolve solid (TDS) ranges between 9.0 to 107mg/l/. The range of few ions like Iron (Fe), Sulphate (SO42-), Chloride (Cl) and Nitrate (NO3-) analyzed in mg/l ranges between 0.1-1.0, 182-256, 14.58-29.15 and 48-71 respectively. The result of the analysis falls within the permissible limit and conforms with the standard recommended by NAFDAC, WHO and UNICEF.
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Ahmad, A., J. N. Keta, and Dharmendra Singh. "Determination of Aflatoxin Levels and Prevalence of Fungal Flora of Cwande Condiments Sold in Zuru Local Government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria." Journal of Sustainability and Environmental Management 1, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/josem.v1i4.49997.
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Aflatoxins are group of secondary metabolites produced by certain mold species which are dangerous to humans and animals. Cwande is a local condiment that is used to add flavor to the food, it get infected with fungi and aflatoxins as a result of improper processing and storage procedures. This study aimed to determine the aflatoxin levels in Cwande condiments sold in Zuru Local Government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria, as well as the prevalence of fungal flora. Twenty (20) dried processed samples from four different collection points in Zuru central market were chosen at random and placed in brand-new polythene bags. Fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar by Standard Dilution Plate method. Aflatoxin was determined using the ELISA method, which is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Five fungal species were isolated and identified as Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Rhizopus stolonifer and Fusarium Oxysporum. Fungal species were present in varying degrees, from 9.09% to 39.39%. Aflatoxins varied from 2.539 to 2.546 in all samples. These results led to the discovery that the commercially available Cwande in the Zuru central market was tainted with various fungal species, including aflatoxigenic ones. All of the samples tested positive for aflatoxin according to the analysis, however none of them had levels that exceeded the 10g/kg maximum permissible limit for humans stipulated by the EU and NAFDAC. More research should be conducted in order to determine the nutritional and anti-nutritional components of the regional condiment (Cwande).
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Okpala, Charles Odilichukwu R., Obichukwu Chisom Nwobi, and Małgorzata Korzeniowska. "Assessing Nigerian Butchers’ Knowledge and Perception of Good Hygiene and Storage Practices: A Cattle Slaughterhouse Case Analysis." Foods 10, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061165.
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In Nigeria, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) guides the inspection and production of beef meat and prescribes the good practices pertinent to beef products’ handling, processing, and packaging. Specifically, good hygiene practice (GHP) assures beef product safety and consumer protection, whereas good storage practice (GSP) assures the continuity of hygiene activities within the storage stages. Relevant literature about butchers’ knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices within Nigeria slaughterhouses remains scant. This current study, therefore, assessed butchers’ knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices through a cattle slaughterhouse case analysis. The selected cattle slaughterhouse serves the increasingly thriving Nsukka beef market in Enugu State, Nigeria. Content validation was utilised to authenticate the questionnaire items, which were administered face-to-face to the respondents (i.e., the butchers). The questionnaire included a total of 30 questions. The results showed that the butchers were male (Freq. = 100%, n = 50), acquired their knowledge informally (Freq. = 88%, n = 44), were largely with more than 5 years of slaughterhouse experience (Freq. = 82%, n = 41), and were strongly (p < 0.0001) familiar with good hygiene (Freq. = 96%, n = 48) and storage (Freq. = 98%, n = 49) practices. The butchers provided examples that demonstrated knowledge and perception aspects of GHP and GSP. The perception aspects of GHP and GSP were correlated more, compared to knowledge and knowledge versus perception. Very conscious of their knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices, the butchers herein have to strive for continuous improvement in their slaughterhouse activities to assure beef quality and consumer safety.
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Musa, Dallatu E., Okorafor L. Mariette, Wilson Arthur Sotonye, and Akhagbeme John Osilama. "Comparative characterization of vegetable oils from bulk suppliers/vendors in Nasarawa town market in Nigeria." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 7, no. 3 (September 25, 2022): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2022.070304.
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The comparative characterization of vegetable oils from bulk suppliers/vendors was made in Nasarawa town market in Nigeria. For this a total volume of 400 cm3 vegetable oils were collected (200 cm3 from the top and 200 cm3 from the bottom of storage after stirring) separately into labeled plastic bottles from three major suppliers. Composite of each sample were made and physicochemical properties including densities, temperatures, boiling points, viscosities, refractive indexes free fatty acid, iodine values, saponification values and peroxide values were determined using standard procedures. The results showed the density of sample ranging from 0.91 ± 0.007 to 0.92 ± 0.007 gcm-3; temperature of sample: 27.3 ± 0.578 to 30.3 ± 1.525 ºC; boiling point of sample 230.7 ± 1.528 ºC to 202 ± 2.000 ºC; viscosity of sample A: 1.03 ± 0.183 to 0.72 ± 0.106 mPa.S; refractive index of sample: 1.47012 ± 0.00002 to 1.45709 ± 0.00005; free fatty acid of sample A: 0.73 ± 0.057 mgKOH/g to 0.6 ± 0.173 mgKOH/g; iodine value of sample: 87.979 ± 5.870 mgKOH/g to 54.144 ± 3.595 mgKOH/g; saponification value of sample: 195.830 ± 0.499 mgKOH/g to 197.846 ± 0.856 mgKOH/g, and peroxide value of sample A: 10.1 ± 0.741 mgKOH/g to 9.9 ± 0.663 mgKOH/g. These parameters were also compared with the standards prescribed by NAFDAC and SON, which suggest that the sampled oil is suitable for consumer use. Thus, processing of vegetable oils from industrial and locally/traditionally extracted vegetable oils and vegetable oils supplied by the three vendors in the Nasarawa town market are hereby recommended as long as the suppliers maintain the standards of production, packaging and handling.
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Akinjogunla, O. J., B. C. Akaka, and C. U. Inyang. "Epidemiological Investigation, Serotypes and Distribution of Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) in Raw Milk and Milk Products in Uyo, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 37, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v37i1.2.
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Food borne diseases are of great concern globally especially in the developing countries where poor sanitation is applied during collection and processing of milk from animals. The epidemiological investigation, serotypes and distribution of verocytotoxin (VTI and VT2)- producing Escherichia coli in raw milk and milk products were determined using structured questionnaire, Cefixime tellurite-sorbitol MacConkey agar, agglutination kits and VTEC-RPLA Toxin detection Kit. Out of 27 milkers, 7.4 % had primary education, 22.2 % washed the milk utensils with cold water and soap, 11.1 % washed their hands before milking, while 7.4 % milkers washed the udder of the animals before milking. All the yoghurts had the product names; 85.7 % had NAFDAC numbers; 80.0% had Batch Numbers, while 71.4 % had Manufacturer s’ Addresses. The unpasteurized milk samples had E. coli 0157 and non 0157 E. coli counts (CFU.ml-1) ranging from 4.0 x 102 to 1.7 x 103 and 6.0 x 102 to 2.0 x 103 , respectively, while E. coli 0157 and non 0157 E. coli counts of milk products were between 1.0 x 102 and 1.0 x 103 CFU.ml-1. E. coli 0157 had the highest percentage occurrence (38.3%), while E. coli 0145 had the lowest percentage occurrence (2.1%). More than 38.3% of the E. coli serotypes produced VT2, while ≥ 12.8% were VT1 producers. The occurrence of VTEC in the unpasteurized milk shows that the milkers should be enlightened on the necessary sanitary practices to adopt during milking and also post-pasteurization contamination of milk products should be avoided.
Key Words: Verotoxigenic, Escherichia coli, Milk, Yoghurt, Nono, Serotypes.
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Akinleye, A., A. A. Ogunbameru, and O. O. Oyetunde. "Awareness and Acceptance of Use of Mobile Authentication Service by Patients." Journal of Basic and Social Pharmacy Research 1, no. 1 (2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52968/27455388.
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Background: Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest burden of fake and counterfeit drugs. Interventions such as Mobile Authentication Service (MAS) is being deployed by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) to assist patients in confirming the authenticity of their medications. Therefore, this study evaluates the acceptance of Nigerian patients of MAS. Objective: To investigate awareness and acceptance of MAS among patients visiting the outpatient pharmacy of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.Method: This is a cross-sectional survey. The study was conducted in the outpatient pharmacy department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State from May, 2017 – August, 2017. A structured questionnaire, developed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) concept (α = 0.74), was used to assess acceptance of MAS among patients. Linear regression and correlation statistics wereused to determine predictors of MAS acceptance. Results: Significant association exist between Awareness of MAS and Use (X = 69.116, p = 0.000), Procurement at licensed community stores and Use (X =14.456, p = 0.001) as well as Acquisition at Hospital Pharmacy and Use (X = 46.053, p = 0.000). Also, Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) had a strong association with respondents’ Attitude to Use (ATT) {PU and ATT, r = 0.719, p < 0.005; PEOU and ATT, r = 0.806, p < 0.005}. Conclusion: Though awareness and acceptance of mobile authentication service is high, its use is moderate in practice. Further studies on how to improve the use of this service among the Nigerian populace is necessary.
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Ezekiel, OIGANJI, Zakka Junior Emmanuel, and Ezra Bello. "EVALUATION OF SHELF LIFE OF SACHET WATER PRODUCED IN JOS NORTH, PLATEAU STATE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 3 (September 12, 2020): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-359.
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Sachet water has gradually become the most widely consumed portable water for everyone in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess physiochemical and bacteriological properties of selected sachet water brands. Random sampling method was used to collect data from 20 selected brands within Jos North Metropolis, the 20 selected brands served as sampling frame where by 3 brands were selected for the pilot study. The three brands selected as pilot study were; FEDCOF, LOANE and MCEDEN. The samples of sachet water were collected from the 3 different brands within 24 hours of production which were transported to Bauchi State Water Board for analysis. The parameters were analyzed following standard procedures to determine the physical chemical and bacteriological content of the samples. The physiochemical properties of the samples were analyzed, it was observed that the following parameters: pH, Temperature, Turbidity, Total Dissolve Solid, Total Hardness, Conductivity, Alkalinity, Nitrate, Sulphate, Chloride and Iron were within the permissible limit, as compared to National Agency for Food and Drug, Administration Control and Standard Organization of Nigeria standards. Furthermore, bacteriological analysis was carried out on the three brands of sachet, remarkable presence of Faecal coli form count and total coliform count were detected and were though above the permissible limit set by NAFDAC and SON. It can be concluded that FEDCOF, LOANE and MCEDEN brands of Sachet in Jos North should not be consumed, when it has been kept beyond six (6) weeks, if consumed it may cause illnesses like typhoid fever, hepatitis, gastroenteritis and dysentery.
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Shidiki, Amrullah, Dipak Bhargava, Ravi Shankar Gupta, Akhtar Alam Ansari, and Bijay Raj Pandit. "Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analysis of Drinking Water in Tokha, Kathmandu, Nepal." Med Phoenix 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/medphoenix.v1i1.17881.
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Background: This study reports the comparative studies and microbial risk assessment of different water samples used for drinking water. The results obtained were compared with WHO and EPA standards for drinking and recreational water.Methods: Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of water samples were carried out from source, taps, well and stone spouts used for drinking purpose in Tokha (Saraswati and Chandeswari Village Development Committee). Total viable count was carried out by pour plate technique. Total coli form and fecal coli form were performed by membrane filtration technique. The results obtained were compared with World Health Organization (WHO), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Nepal Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standards for drinking water.Results: The pH, total hardness, chloride, nitrate and arsenic content of samples were found within permissible guideline value however well sample was found to exceed Nepal standard values for calcium hardness and ammonia content. The total viable counts for all the water samples were high exceeding the limit for water (1.0×102 cfu/ ml). All the water samples were found to contain coli forms and fecal organisms in numbers greater than the required WHO/FAO standards for water. The fecal coli form colonies on M-endo agar plate ranged between 143 and 152 and total coli form from 110 to 248 per 100 ml water also exceed the standard limit for water. The Isolated organisms were identified to be E.coli, Klebsiella spp. And Citrobacter spp.MED PhoenixVolume (1), Issue (1) July 2016, page: 15-18
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Malami, Dahiru Ibrahim, Nafiu Aminu, Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau, Mohammed Al-Kassim Hassan, Salim Ilyasu, and Abraham Daniel. "Empirical Quality Evaluation of Common Brands of Ceftriaxone Sodium Injection Marketed in the Northern Region of Nigeria." Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 2 (November 16, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjps2022.20.2.1.
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Information related to the quality of ceftriaxone (CF) sold in northern Nigeria is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the quality of different brands of CF sodium injections marketed in Kano State of Nigeria. Thirteen different brands of CF sodium for injection (three samples per brand) were obtained from patent medicines vendors (PMVs), pharmacies and a government drug store in Kano State of Nigeria. The quality of these brands was assessed using physicochemical quality-control tests (colour, appearance, labelling, pH, weight uniformity and percentage of content). The results obtained from these tests were checked for compliance with the standards specified in British Pharmacopoeia 2009 (BP 2009) and the United States Pharmacopeia 2016 (USP 2016). All 13 (100%) brands were registered with the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). The samples were brands imported from other countries and passed tests for colour and pH. However, 1 of the 13 samples did not pass the labelling inspection and only 4 (30.8%) brands were found to fulfil the requirements for physical appearance. Twelve (92.3%) of the 13 evaluated brands were found to have an acceptable percentage of content within a range of 95%–105% based on BP 2009 standards. The tested brands of CF sodium injection being marketed in Kano State of Nigeria were found to have variable compliance regarding the BP 2009 and USP 2016 specifications. Therefore, there is a need for relevant regulatory agencies to embark on more post-marketing surveillance to ensure the quality of medicines in Nigeria.
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Ogieriakhi, O. E., and M. Ilevbare. "Physicochemical and Hydrogeological Characteristics of Water Obtained From Borehole and Rivers in Okada and Environs, Edo State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 8 (September 9, 2020): 1475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i8.25.
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The consumption of unsafe water is detrimental to human health. It is therefore important to ascertain the quality and purity of water set out for drinking purpose. This paper therefore investigates the physicochemical and hydrogeological properties of water obtained from boreholes and rivers located at various sites in Okada town and environs, Edo State, Nigeria. The physicochemical parameters were analyzed using standard methods. Results obtained for the physicochemical properties showed that the concentration of phosphate, sulphates, nitrates and manganese in the samples range between (0.0310-0.450) mg/L, (0.05-1.01) mg/L, (0.021-1.0) mg/L and (0.01-0.41) mg/L respectively. The maximum concentration of calcium and sodium in all the samples analyzed was 1.27 mg/L and 8.65mg/L. Comparison of the pH value of the samples shows they are all acidic in nature, with pH values which ranges from (4.3 – 6.0). In all the samples analyzed, it was observed that no trace of heavy metal (lead) was found except in Iguvinyoba River (down-stream) with a concentration of 0.001 mg/L. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values from all the water samples are below the WHO standard while the dissolved oxygen (DO) values are above the WHO standard. The results revealed that physicochemical parameters were slightly below WHO and NAFDAC standards for drinking water, except for the high iron (Fe) content at Usen. Thus from established standard, the borehole and river water in the study area will need some treatment to render it suitable for drinking.
Keywords: physicochemical, hydrogeological properties, quality, drinking purpose, borehole and river water.
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Ochu, J. O., A. Uzairu, J. A. Kagbu, C. E. Gimba, and O. J. Okunola. "Evaluation of Some Heavy Metals in Imported Chocolate and Candies Sold in Nigeria." Journal of Food Research 1, no. 3 (July 2, 2012): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v1n3p169.
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<p>This study was initiated as a follow-up information on some impounded products chocolates and candies (Samples A, B, C and D) imported from overseas, and sold in Nigeria markets. This result as their failure to meets Nation Agency for food drug administration and control (NAFDAC) regulatory standard. Samples of these products were collected in five markets of each six states each from the six geographical zones: North-West (Bauchi), North-East (Kano), North-Central (Kogi), South-West (Lagos), South-East (Abia), and South-South (Rivers) of the country. In order to evaluate the quality of the products, the levels of some heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Ti and Cr) were evaluated in the samples using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Concentrations of metals in both chocolates and candies ranged 3.0 – 4.2 mg/g for Cu, 40.0 – 55.7 mg/g for Mn, ND – 102.5 mg/g for Fe, ND – 305.0 mg/g for Ni, ND – 42.5 mg/g for Zn, ND – 23.8 mg/g for Ti, and ND – 10.8 mg/g for Cr. The results showed that that these metals are at higher levels in Samples A, B, C and D compared to other studies in candies and chocolates in Nigeria. Correlation analysis among metals revealed positive correlations, which indicates similar sources of these metals. Also, evaluation of dietary intake of these products daily revealed that Samples A (except for Cu), B and C are above the daily dietary recommended limit for all the studied metals in food. Thus a frequent intake of these contaminated products is likely to induce health effects arising largely from Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni and Zn.</p>
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Adumanya, O. C. U., C. N. Osuji, S. A. Nwinee, and O. C. Ofurum. "Physicochemical and Bacteriological Properties of Packaged Water Sold in Imo State, Nigeria: A Case Study of Owerri Municipal Council." Journal of Pollution Monitoring, Evaluation Studies and Control 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54117/jpmesc.v1i1.2.
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Background: The inadequacy of pipe borne water supplies in urban centres is a growing problem. As a result, communities resort to buying water from vendors. Presently, sachet and bottled water are the major source of drinking water in many households and at work. Aim/Objective: This study is aimed at assessing the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of packaged water (sachet and bottled) sold in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State, Nigeria. Method: A total number of 24 samples of packaged water (11 sachet and 13 bottled) from several commercial brands sold in the city were selected randomly. These were of two categories: those that are packaged and sealed in bottles by larger factories (13 brands) and those that are sealed in nylon sachets (11 brands) by small scale industries. The samples were subjected to physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis. AAS and analytical quality chemical reagents were used for chemical analyses. Mac Conkey Broth (MB) was used for bacteriological analysis. Results: The results showed that while the physicochemical and bacteriological parameters were within standard limits for drinking water quality guidelines values and bacteriological analysis showed that there were no coliform counts in the bottled water samples but 5% of the 11 samples of the sachet water showed coliform growth. Conclusion: Thus the bottled waters were more satisfactory compared with the sachet ones. Recommendation: The enforcement agencies in the country (e.g. NAFDAC, Ministry of Health) need to get the producers of “packaged water” to comply with the National Drinking Water Guidelines and the communities on their part should be educated and enlightened on the ill effects of patronizing fake vendors of packaged drinking water.
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Gadanga, A. T. and Chukwuji, C. N. "International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability (IJSGS): A Bibliometric Analysis: 2015-2019." International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v6i1.120.
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Bibliometric analysis method was used in this study. Observation and physical counting method was adopted to examine the bibliographic characteristics and development of the assembled issues/volumes which were available in the Federal University Gusau (FUGUS) library and confirmed by the past and present Editors-in-Chief of the Journal. The study covered 8 volumes of the IJSGS from the period 2015 to 2019. The bibliometric characteristics examined in this study are (i) Number of issues published per year, (ii) Distribution of articles published per volume, (iii) Authorship pattern (single & multiple), (iv) Authorship affiliation (Universities, Research/special organizations-NAFDAC, Private, MDAs etc, Polytechnics, and Colleges), (v) FUGUS authorship; (vi) Most cited source of information which for convenience sake were divided into six, namely; books (including chapter contributions), journals, proceedings (conferences, workshops, seminars, symposiums and technical/scientific reports), Thesis/Dissertations/Projects, (Internet resources and Others (Bulletin, Newsletter, Guides, newspapers, magazines, maps/atlases, unidentifiable sources etc). (vii) Most cited journal title and ranking of the journal titles. A benchmark of 5 reference listing was set to select a Journal title as most cited/referenced/listed. Findings include the journal’s inconsistency in the number of issues published per year from 2015-2019; FUGUS staff authorship pattern shows that the department of Chemistry contributed more papers to the journal than other departments. It was also revealed that African Journal of Biotechnology was the most cited journal title and as such ranked first. The study recommended that urgent efforts should be made to make the journal more visible by hosting it on the FUGUS website as well getting it indexed.
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Oloton, Enosakhare, and Emmanuel Obaseki. "Quantitative assessment of available probiotic products in community pharmacies in Benin City, Nigeria." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 7 (November 18, 2020): 1511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i7.25.
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Purpose: To assess four probiotic products available in community pharmacies in Benin City, Nigeria for accuracy of information on product labels with regard to the quantity and type of microorganisms, pH and bile tolerance, and antimicrobial activity.Methods: Percent label compliance of products was determined, in addition to isolation, identification and enumeration of microorganisms. Determination of pH and bile tolerance was conducted using turbidity studies in MRS broth. Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans pathogens was investigated using agar overlay technique.Results: In each product, there was 100 % label compliance with regard to name of probiotic organism, storage condition, dose, expiration date, contact details and batch number. Three-quarters (75 %) of the probiotic products indicated product net quantity, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) number, and microbial count; 50 % of products indicated the excipients used, while only 25 % of the products showed their indications. None of the products indicated strain designation. In species identification, Enterococcus faecium was absent in a multi-species product PB1, while PB3 contained Saccharomyces cerevisiae instead of Saccharomyces boulardii. Enumeration showed comparatively low quantities of probiotic organisms. Tolerance to pH 3 and pH 7, and bile levels of 0.3 and 2 % were within acceptable range. The probiotic organisms demonstrated antimicrobial effect specifically against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis, K. pneumonia, S. aureus and C. albicans.Conclusion: Antimicrobial effect and tolerance to pH and bile salts were consistent with acceptable properties of probiotics. However, there is need for total compliance with the indications, strain designation, excipients, and actual quantity of the individual probiotic organisms in the formulations.
Keywords: Probiotics, Strain designation, Agar overlay technique, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces boulardii
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Sani, Adamu, Yuguda Saleh, Sulaiman Abdulmalik, Tabale P. Raymond, and Dahiru S. Mshelia. "HEAVY METAL CONTENTS OF SACHET WATER IN GOMBE, NIGERIA." Kanem Journal Medical Sciences 15, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36020/kjms.2021.1502.002.
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Background: The provision of adequate clean drinking water is a basic human need in every society. In Nigeria, like many developing countries, the provision of clean drinking water is not adequate. The introduction of sachet water is seen by many as a solution to the problem. This is because it is affordable where more than a litter of it is sold at ten Naira or even less. The availability and affordability of sachet water have made it a preferred choice for most people despite questions being raised about the purity and potential toxicity. Objectives: To evaluate the heavy metal contents of sachet water in Gombe, Nigeria. Methodology: Forty samples of sachets water were bought randomly from the streets of Gombe and were analyzed for heavy metals content (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and nickel) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The data obtained were analyzed for frequencies and percentages for qualitative data and minimum and maximum for quantitative data using the system for statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.00 for windows. Results: None of the sachet water samples had the date of manufacture or expiry date while about 23% had no National agency for food and drug administration and control (NAFDAC) registration numbers. All the samples had lead levels above the WHO safety limits of 0.01mg/L. Mercury, cadmium and arsenic levels were higher than the safety limits in 23%, 15% and 5% of the samples respectively. No nickel was detected in all the samples. Conclusion: The majority of the sachet water in Gombe is contaminated with heavy metals lead, mercury and cadmium in concentrations above the WHO safety limits. Processes of water purification should be put in place to reduce the heavy metal contents of sachet water in Gombe.
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Margret N., Dr Kabuoh, Smith Olufolake M., Dr Okwu Andy T., and Erigbe Patience A. "Sales Promotion and Customer’s Retention in Selected Foods and Beverages Companies in Lagos State Nigeria." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 63 (March 15, 2020): 276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.63.276.285.
Full textAbstract:
Organisations’ customers are the greatest asset they have to remain sustained and to retain these customers, effective sales promotion is required to push company’s products and services to various customers at satisfaction with view of making profit. However, some organisations especially those in consumable goods pay little attention to customers’ satisfaction by not imbibing effective sales promotion leading to poor sales performance and customers’ turnover. This study examines the effect of sales promotion on customer retention of selected food and beverages companies in Lagos, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted for this study. The population of the study comprised of customers of Foods and Beverages (FandB) Companies estimated at 4,209,483 from the selected five local governments in Lagos State, Nigeria. Sample size of 1019 was derived via Krejcie and Morgan method and through simple random sampling technique. Data were elucidated from the respondents via research instrument. The Cronbach’s Alpha reliability co-efficient as well as the Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin (KMO) was established for both reliability and validity of the research instrument. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted for analysis and the hypothesis was tested with simple linear regression. Result indicated that sales promotion had positive effect on customer retention of selected Foods and Beverages Companies in Lagos State Nigeria (R2=.367; t = 22.595; P<0.05). The study concludes that sales promotion has significant effect on customer retention and recommended that adequate promotional budget incentives should be considered by the F&B companies’ management to encourage effective sales promotion especially at special periods to boost sales and enhance customer retention. Quality food processing and safety measures should be enforced by the government through regulating agencies like National Foods and Drug Administration Council (NAFDAC), the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON), and the Ministry of Health.
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Anero, Nnamdi, and Elizabeth Amini Okankwu. "Parental Educational Level As A Predictor Towards The Return Rate Of Pre-Primary and Primary Pupils To School Amidst Coronavirus Pandemic in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.75.8198.
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The study was carried out to determine the extent parental educational levels predict return rate of pre-primary and primary pupils by parents as soon as the schools resume at the end or close to the end of coronavirus pandemic. The study which was carried in Port Harcourt, Nigeria adopted accidental sampling technique to sample 942 parents out of a population of 476,658 parents. Four research questions guided the study. The major instrument for the study was the Researchers made questionnaire titled “Return of children to school by parents amidst coronavirus pandemic”. The data generated was analyzed using simple percentage. Findings showed that parents whose educational levels were within non-completion of primary school education and Diploma certificates will return their children on the ground that schools can effectively administer hand washing by pupils while those with first degrees to the terminal degrees disagreed with the ability of schools to carry out a hand wash exercise. However, the parents generally agreed that the schools cannot maintain the required social distancing and administer frequent fluid intake to pupils as preventive measures and as a result would not return their children to schools. Based on these findings, the study among other things recommended thus: since some category of parents agree that the schools cannot enforce hand wash by children, NGO’S and public spirited individuals need to enlighten the schools on the need to take the business of hand wash serious; since the schools cannot maintain adequate spacing, the government and her agencies must urge the schools to operate two to three shifts so as to have adequate space and facilities that would enable them maintain the recommended social or physical distancing and that any school that will operate, must have a source of portable water confirmed by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC).
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Tijani, Sarafat Ayanfunke. "Determinants of utilisation of tomato value addition technology among beneficiaries in Oyo State, Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2022-0018.
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Abstract Value addition is essential in the tomato value chain, especially in the wake of an increasing rate of tomato postharvest loss. Both governmental and non-governmental organisations have trained small-scale entrepreneurs on Tomato Value Addition Technology (TVAT). A dearth of information on the utilisation of TVAT necessitated this study. A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select 142 respondents. Data were elicited from respondents with the aid of a questionnaire and analysed using frequency counts, percentages, multiple linear regression, and multivariate probit model at α 0.05. The results revealed that most (54.9 %) of the respondents had a high level of knowledge on TVAT and a favourable attitude (60.6 %) towards TVAT. However, the level of utilisation of TVAT was low (69.7 %). Lack of funds (68.3 %), NAFDAC registration requirements (66.9 %), and high cost of processing equipment (57.0 %) were prominent constraints militating against utilisation of TVAT. Constraints to the utilisation of TVAT (β = −0.395), age (β = −0.022), and income (β = 0.095) determined the utilisation of TVAT. Membership in a cooperative society (β = 0.221), income (β = 0.375) and constraints (β = −0.213) predicted the utilisation of tomato paste. Educational qualification (β = 0.132), cooperative society (β = 0.059), income (β = 0.336), and knowledge of TVAT (β = 0.229) predicted the utilisation of ketchup. Age (β = −0.112), income (β = 0.026), years of experience (β = 0.031), knowledge of TVAT (β = 0.311), and constraints (β = −0.093) predicted the utilisation of puree, whereas factors associated with the utilisation of dry slice tomato technology, were age (β = 0.107), marital status (β = 0.050), household size (β = 0.042) and years of experience (β = 0.219). Adequate funding is a sine qua non to the sustainability of agricultural technologies. The study recommended the need for more training on the utilisation of the technology, encouragement to form cooperative groups to facilitate easy access to funds, and establishment of cottage industry among stakeholders.
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Atanda, O., M. Ogunrinu, and F. Olorunfemi. "A neutral red desiccated coconut agar for rapid detection of aflatoxigenic fungi and visual determination of aflatoxins." World Mycotoxin Journal 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2010.1241.
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Desiccated coconut agar is the conventional medium used for the detection of aflatoxigenic fungi and direct visual determination of aflatoxins. In this study, an improved medium was developed by the incorporation of 0.2% (v/v) neutral red dye into desiccated coconut agar. The medium was formulated by a 2×3 factorial design of neutral red and phenol red stains at three concentration levels. The formulated medium was evaluated for performance by screening for the minimal time required by each Aspergillus species to produce pigments and fluorescence of agar. The medium was also employed for detection of aflatoxigenic fungi and direct visual determination of aflatoxins in foods and fish-meal. The neutral red desiccated coconut agar (NRDCA) as compared to the conventional desiccated coconut agar (DCA) had a light pink background as opposed to the white background of the DCA which often interferes with the visibility of fluorescence. The time of pigmentation and fluorescence production on NRDCA was 28 and 38 h respectively as compared with 33 and 44 h of DCA and 41 and 48 h of palm kernel agar (PKA: an alternative culture medium for cultivation of aflatoxigenic fungi with a reddish pink background). Furthermore, aflatoxigenic moulds were detected in all food commodities and fish-meal after 60 hours of incubation. The highest percentage of aflatoxigenic moulds (62.5%) was detected in yam flour with NRDCA while the lowest percentage (4.46%) was detected with PKA on rice. In addition, aflatoxins were produced in high amounts in food commodities in which aflatoxigenic moulds were detected and there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.4, P<0.05) between the isolates and aflatoxin concentration of the food samples. Rice (a major staple food for Nigerians) had the highest total aflatoxin concentration of 140, 220 and 205 µg/kg on DCA, NRDCA and PKA respectively, while ‘gari’ had the least concentration of 45, 50 and 40 µg/kg. These values were far above the NAFDAC recommended level of 10 µg/kg for unprocessed foods in Nigeria and therefore a source of concern. In addition the study also reveals that Aspergillus nomius can produce aflatoxins B1 in copious amounts on NRDCA, contrary to previous reports of its production in minute quantities on laboratory media. The benefit of this study lies in the rapid analysis and simplified technique for the detection of aflatoxigenic fungi and visual determination of aflatoxins.
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Muhammad Najib and Muhammad Sayyidul Arwan. "Ragam Makna Penafsiran Lafal Darran dan Naf’an Secara Berdampingan (Kajian Pengulangan Al-Qur’an)." SALIHA: Jurnal Pendidikan & Agama Islam 3, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54396/saliha.v3i1.34.
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Darran (meanness) and naf'an (expediency) are two words that contradict in their meanings. In the Qur'an, both of them are sometimes used contiguously and are repeated in several places, in the same Surah or in different Suras. The focus of this study is the interpretation of Darran and naf’an contiguously in the Qur'an, analysis of the study of the repetition of the Qur'an. The interpretation method used in this study is the thematic method (maudhu’i). This method collects verses in which the Darran and Naf'an are pronunced contiguously, along with their explanations. Overall there are Darran and Naf'an that are pronounced contiguously, contained in 18 verses. Repetition of the pronunciation explains syirk behavior in various contexts as well as in a variety of different forms of pronunciation. In surah al-Baqarah verse 102, it explains the syirk behavior related to magic. Surat al-Maidah verse 76, describes the people who made the Prophet Jesus as worshipers. Surat al-An'am verse 71, Yunus verse 18, Taha verse 89, al-Anbiya ’verse 66, and ash-Syu’ara verse 73 explain about idolatry. Surat al-A'raf verse 188, Surah Yunus verse 49, and Surah al-Jin verse 21, describe the Prophet. who have no power, except for the will of God. Saba 'verse 42, describes the consequences received by the polytheists who will not get His blessing in the hereafter. The last, the Surah ar-Ra'd verse 16, al-Hajj verses 12-13, Jonah verse 106, al-Furqan verses 3 and 55, and al-Fath verse 11 explain about the actions of the polytheists broadly.
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Devy, Soraya, and Doni Muliadi. "Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Menetapkan Nafkah Anak Pasca Perceraian (Studi Putusan Hakim Nomor 0233/Pdt.G/2017/MS-MBO)." El-USRAH: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 2, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v2i1.7646.
Full textAbstract:
Nafkah anak adalah segala sesuatu yang diperlukan oleh anak untuk tumbuh dan berkembang seperti kebutuhan sandang, pangan dan papan. Kewajiban pemenuhan nafkah anak menjadi tanggungjawab orang tua bersama. Namun jika terjadi perceraian, ayah tetap bertanggungjawab untuk memenuhi nafkah anak walaupun anak berada dalam asuhan ibu. Kadar nafkah anak tidak ditentukan batas minimal maupun batas maksimalnya, akan tetapi standar jumlah nafkah harus sesuai dengan kemampuan finansial ayahnya. Jika ayahnya benar-benar tidak dapat memenuhi nafkah anak tersebut, maka kewajiban nafkah anak ditanggung oleh ibunya. Putusan Hakim Nomor 0233/Pdt.G/2017/MS_MBO menyatakan bahwa Majelis Hakim mengurangi jumlah nafkah anak yang dituntut oleh termohon kepada pemohon. Nafkah anak yang semula dimintakan sejumlah Rp. 1.600.000,- ditetapkan oleh Majelis Hakim hanya sebesar Rp. 600.000,- dengan penambahan 20% pertahun, sehingga terdapat pengurangan jumlah nafkah anak dari tuntutan awal. Oleh karennya penelitian ini akan menfokuskan tentang apa yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan hakim mengurangi jumlah nafkah anak dan bagaimana penetapan nafkah anak tersebut menurut hukum Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dan penelitian kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa pertama, dasar pertimbangan hakim mengurangi jumlah nafkah anak dari jumlah yang dituntut dikarenakan menimbang ketidakmampuan finansial ayahnya. Kedua, penetapan nafkah anak yang terdapat dalam putusan tersebut telah sesuai dengan hukum Islam dikarenakan aturan hukum Islam menjelaskan bahwa pemenuhan nafkah anak oleh ayah harus sesuai dengan kemampuan finansial ayahnya.
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Mansari, Mansari, and Moriyanti Moriyanti. "SENSITIVITAS HAKIM TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN NAFKAH ISTERI PASCA PERCERAIAN." Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies 5, no. 1 (October 14, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/equality.v5i1.5377.
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Hakim memiliki peran strategis terhadap perlindungan nafkah ‘iddah dan nafkah madhiah (nafkah masa lalu) pasca perceraian. Hal ini dikarenakan perempuan seringkali terabaikan nafkahnya pada saat masih berada dalam ikatan perkawinan. Sensitivitas hakim terhadap perempuan di persidangan sangat penting agar putusan bermanfaat dan mengakomodir hak isteri mendapatkan nafkah ‘iddah dan nafkah madhiah pasca perceraian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sensitivitas hakim terhadap nafkah isteri pasca perceraian, peran hakim dalam merealisasikan nafkah isteri dan alasan hakim tidak memberikan nafkah isteri dalam putusan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian hukum yuridis empiris dengan lokasinya di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Meulaboh dan Mahkamah Syar’iyah Aceh Tamiang. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif kemudian dideskripsikan secara sistematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim memiliki sensitivitas perlindungan nafkah iddah dan madhiah pasca perceraian. Sensitivitas tersebut dinilai dengan dua indikator yaitu upaya hakim dalam merealisasikan nafkah dengan menggunakan hak ex officio (kewenangan karena jabatannya) meskipun tidak diminta oleh isteri dalam gugatannya dan perealisasian nafkah yang ditetapkan dalam putusan dengan menunda prosesi ikrar talak sebelum dilunasi nafkah baik nafkah iddah maupun nafkah madhiah dalam putusan. Peran hakim terhadap perlindungan nafkah isteri yaitu Memberikan Gambaran tentang Hak-Hak Perempuan, melakukan sosialisasi terhadap hak-hak isteri, alasan hakim tidak memberikan nafkah kepada isteri disebabkan oleh dua factor yaitu intetenal dan eksternal: factor internal disebabkan Perempuan Tidak Mengetahui haknya, hanya meminta surat cerai, Isteri Marah Berlebihan suaminya, biaya eksekusi mahal, Anggapan Materialistik, Isteri Ingin Hidup Bersama Bukan Uangnya. Faktor eksternal yaitu hakim bersifat pasif, biaya eksekusi mahal dan aturan hokum tidak memberi kewenangan menggunakan hak ex officio (kewenangan karena jabatan) bagi hakim untuk memberikan nafkah madhiah bagi isteri.