Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'NADH molecules'
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Liang, Pingping. "Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Sensors for Detection of DNA and Small Molecules." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2595.
Full textStinson, Jelynn A. "The Electroanalytical Performance of Sonogel Carbon Titanium (IV) Oxide Electrodes versus Conducting Polymer Electrodes in the Electrochemical Detection of Biological Molecules." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1181068417.
Full textRoeschlaub, Carl Andrew. "The design and synthesis of novel reductively activated molecular sensors." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843218/.
Full textWos, Melissa Louise, and n/a. "Methods For Understanding Bacterial Metabolic Activity In Activated Sludge." Griffith University. School of Environmental Engineering, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061031.151641.
Full textWos, Melissa Louise. "Methods For Understanding Bacterial Metabolic Activity In Activated Sludge." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367303.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Engineering
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Tur, Jared. "Cardiovascular regulation by Kvβ1.1 subunit." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6596.
Full textIlic, Stefan. "Utilizing NAD+/NADH Analogs for the Solar Fuel Forming Reductions." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499262103862098.
Full textPereira, Cristiane Ribeiro. "Modulação das vias de sinalização intracelulares pelo sistema NAD(P)H oxidase em melanoma humano." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9429.
Full textEvidências têm mostrado que as espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) geradas pela NAD(P)H oxidase são importantes moduladores de diversas funções celulares como migração, crescimento, proliferação e sobrevivência. Estudos recentes demonstraram o envolvimento da atividade da NAD(P)H oxidase no crescimento e sobrevivência de células de melanoma. Neste trabalho, investigamos o efeito da inibição da NAD(P)H oxidase por difenileneiodônio (DPI) sobre o crescimento das células de melanoma humano MV3 e observamos que este composto reduziu o crescimento destas células em aproximadamente 50%. A inibição da NAD(P)H oxidase induziu mudanças no formato celular, com arredondamento, diminuição do espraiamento e descolamento celular. Esta redução foi acompanhada por um rearranjo do citoesqueleto de actina, diminuição da fosforilação no resíduo Tyr397 da quinase de adesão focal (FAK) e redução na associação de FAK com actina e com a tirosina quinase c-Src. Isto indica que a inibição da geração de ROS está modulando negativamente vias de sinalização ativadas por integrinas, o que freqüentemente conduz a um tipo particular de morte celular conhecida por anoikis. Comprovando a ocorrência deste fenômeno, observamos que a inibição da atividade da NAD(P)H oxidase aumentou a apoptose das células de melanoma e induziu a ativação da caspase-3. Nossos resultados mostram ainda que a inibição da viabilidade celular por DPI foi revertida com o pré-tratamento das células MV3 com um inibidor de tirosina fosfatases (ortovanadato de sódio). Em resumo, este estudo mostra que a geração de ROS por NAD(P)H oxidase está envolvida nos mecanismos de sobrevivência em células de melanoma, uma vez que afetam as vias de sinalização dependentes de FAK-Src, através da inibição da atividade de proteína tirosina fosfatases.
NAD(P)H oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as critical mediators of several cell functions as diverse as migration, growth, proliferation and survival. Recent evidence has show that NAD(P)H oxidase activity is essential to melanoma proliferation and survival. We reported that NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) inhibited melanoma growth. NAD(P)H oxidase inhibition induced changes in cell shape with cell spreading decrease, rounding up and detachment. These phenomena were accompanied by rearrangement of actin network and a decrease in both focal adhesion (FAK) phosphorylation in Tyr397 residue and in FAK association to actin and c-Src, indicating that inhibition of ROS generation would down- modulate integrin-mediated signaling, what often results in a particular type of apoptotic cell death, known as anoikis. We observed that NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor induced apoptosis in melanoma cells with activation of caspase-3. We results show that the effects promoted by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibition on melanoma growth were completely abolished by the pre-treatment of MV3 cells with the protein tyrosine phosphatases inhibitor sodium orthovanadate. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that ROS generated by NAD(P)H oxidase complex transmit cell survival signals in melanoma cells through the FAK-Src pathway, probably inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatases.
Chen, Ye Grace. "The Discovery and Characterization of NAD-Linked RNA." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10447.
Full textMarques, Isabel Maria Medeiros. "Molecular biology charactersation of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase." Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7281.
Full textMarques, Isabel Maria Medeiros. "Molecular biology charactersation of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase." Tese, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7281.
Full textDe, Chiara Alessia. "Molecular analysis of the prosurvival effect of cytosolic Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) in neutrophils." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S002.
Full textPolymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), key cells of innate immunity are the first cell recruited to the inflammatory site. After destroying the pathogen, neutrophils undergo apoptosis and are cleared by macrophages to prevent the spillage of their lytic content that is dangerous for the environment. The regulation of the survival/apoptosis balance of neutrophil is a crucial step in the inflammation resolution. Our laboratory has shown the presence of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) in mature neutrophils. PCNA is expressed in the nucleus of proliferating cells, where it is involved in DNA replication/repair and in cell cycle control. PCNA is a trimeric protein conserved during evolution and deprived of enzymatic activity. Indeed, PCNA is a “platform” that interacts with different partner proteins and orchestrates their functions. Furthermore, PCNA must be in trimeric form to play its role. In mature neutrophils, PCNA has an exclusively cytosolic localization where it specifically controls their survival. The PCNA translocation from nucleus to the cytosol happened during the granulocytic differentiation. This nuclear-to-cytosol relocalisation is dependent on a nuclear export sequence (NES), which is accessible and functional when PCNA is monomeric. The aim of my thesis was to study the PCNA platform in the neutrophil cytosol to identify the proteins associated with PCNA in order to understand its function in neutrophils. We have shown the expression of monomeric and trimeric forms of PCNA in the cytosol of mature neutrophils. We have demonstrated the anti-apoptotic activity of the monomeric form in PLB985 cells differentiated in neutrophils. Moreover, we have identified the surface-exposed peptides from the monomeric PCNA which are used as competitors of interactions between PCNA and its partner in the cytosol of neutrophils. These peptides modulate neutrophils survival. Thanks to the analysis of Mass Spectrometry, we have identified new partners of PCNA in the neutrophil cytosol involved in several metabolic pathways. This suggests that PCNA regulates neutrophil survival by interacting with different cytosolic proteins. Among the identified partners, we have found the cytosolic subunits of the NADPH oxidase, the enzyme responsible of the reactive oxygen species production, at the base of the neutrophil microbicidal activity. We have shown especially the interaction between p47phox and PCNA. Finally, we have investigated the functional implication of the interaction of PCNA with the NADPH oxidase in PLB985 cells and also in human neutrophils. Taken altogether, results suggest that the cytosolic PCNA maintains the resting state of neutrophils, and it helps the assembly of the NADPH oxidase when activated. The protein network associated with PCNA regulates the activity and the survival of neutrophil by modulating several pathways
Roma, Glenn W. "Systematic Analysis of Structure-Function Relationships of Conserved Sequence Motifs in the NADH-Binding Lobe of Cytochrome b5 Reductase." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002558.
Full textHenríquez, Olguín Carlos. "NADPH Oxidase 2-A novel regulator of molecular responses to exercise." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/167781.
Full textPhysical activity plays a protective role in the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Molecular adaptations explain the beneficial effects of exercise in diverse tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and heart. One of the multiple signals involved in the benefits of exercise are the oxidation-reduction reactions called redox signaling. Reversible and non-reversible posttranslational modifications of cysteine residues are capable of changing the function, localization, or stability of diverse proteins. In skeletal muscle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced and cleared during resting and contracting conditions. There is substantial evidence indicating that redox signaling plays a role in some of the health-benefits elicited by endurance training, however, the precise mechanism has been long unknown. The aim of the current Ph.D. thesis was therefore to study the involvement of NOX2 and redox signals in the regulation of exercise-stimulated glucose transport and adaptive gene expression in mature skeletal muscle. A combination of pharmacological inhibitors and murine NOX2-deficient models were used to address the necessity of NOX2 for glucose transport and adaptive signals induced by acute exercise. The current Ph.D. thesis demonstrated for the first time that NOX2 is activated during moderateintensity endurance exercise in skeletal muscle and it is a major source of ROS under those conditions. Furthermore, the analyses of genetic mouse models lacking the regulatory NOX2 subunits p47phox and Rac1 revealed striking phenotypic similarities, including severely impaired exercise-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation, indicating that NOX2 is a requirement for this classic acute myocellular adaptation to exercise. Overall, NOX2 is thus a major ROS source regulating adaptive responses to exercise in skeletal muscle.
La actividad física juega un papel protector en el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Las respuestas moleculares explican los efectos beneficiosos del ejercicio en diversos tejidos como el músculo esquelético, el tejido adiposo y el corazón. Una de las múltiples señales involucradas en los beneficios del ejercicio son las reacciones de oxidación-reducción llamadas señalización redox. Las modificaciones postraduccionales reversibles e irreversibles de residuos de cisteína son capaces de cambiar la función, localización o estabilidad de diversas proteínas. En el músculo esquelético, las especies de oxígeno reactivo (ROS) se producen y eliminan continuamente durante las condiciones de reposo y contracción. Existe evidencia sustancial que indica que la señalización redox juega un papel en algunos de los beneficios para la salud provocados por el entrenamiento de resistencia, sin embargo, el mecanismo preciso ha sido desconocido durante mucho tiempo. El objetivo de la presente la tesis fue estudiar la participación de NOX2 en la regulación del transporte de glucosa durante el ejercicio y la expresión de genes adaptativos en el músculo esquelético adulto. Se utilizó una combinación de inhibidores farmacológicos y modelos deficientes en NOX2 ratón para abordar la necesidad de NOX2 para el transporte de glucosa y las señales adaptativas inducidas por el ejercicio agudo. Esta tesis demostró por primera vez que el NOX2 se activa durante el ejercicio de resistencia de intensidad moderada en el músculo esquelético y es una fuente importante de ROS en esa condición. Además, los análisis de modelos de ratones genéticos que carecen de las subunidades reguladoras NOX2 p47phox y Rac1 revelaron sorprendentes similitudes fenotípicas, incluida la captación de glucosa estimulada por el ejercicio y la translocación de GLUT4, lo que indica que NOX2 necesaria para esta respuesta fisiológica durante el ejercicio. En resumen, NOX2 es, por lo tanto, una importante fuente de ROS que regula las respuestas de adaptación al ejercicio en el músculo esquelético.
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Zurro, Nuria Bengala. "Espectro clínico e defeitos genético-moleculares de pacientes com doença granulomatosa crônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-11072014-130927/.
Full textChronic granulomatous disease is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase system resulting in absent or reduced oxidative burst. Our goal was to perform a molecular genetic analysis of complex NADPH oxidase in patients with clinical diagnosis of CGD. Fifty-four patients with a clinical diagnosis of CGD were included in our study. The populations of neutrophils and monocytes were evaluated for the ability to produce hydrogen peroxide through the DHR test. Eighteen patients had a defect in the oxidative burst, while thirty-eight had normal peroxide production. Genomic DNA of the eighteen patients with decreased oxidative burst was extracted, the genes the chain complex cytochrome beta polypeptide and the neutrophil cytoplasmic factor, were sequenced. Seven patients had different mutations, both in the CYBB gene as in NCF1. We conclude that the combination of direct sequencing and DHR test methods are effective for the genetic diagnosis of CGD.
Rousset, Carine. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la Quinolinate Synthase : une protéine fer-soufre cible d'agents antibactériens." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576109.
Full textHung, Yin Pun. "Single Cell Imaging of Metabolism with Fluorescent Biosensors." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10147.
Full textBrust, Ester Saraiva. "Análise molecular de pacientes com hipotireoidismo congênito por defeito na organificação do iodeto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-26012015-093724/.
Full textThe main role of the thyroid gland is to produce T3 and T4, which promote the regulation of body energy intake. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a systemic metabolic disorder where T3 and T4 production during neonatal period is insufficient. CH due to dyshormonogenesis is a disease caused by inborn errors in T3 and T4 synthesis, with autosomal recessive inheritance. Mutations in NIS, SLC26A4, DUOX2, DUOXA2, TPO, TG and DEHAL-1 genes have been described. The iodide organification defect (IOD) is the most common cause of dyshormonogenesis, being the TPO defect the most frequent, followed by defects in DUOX2 and DUOXA2 proteins. TPO is responsible for iodide oxidation, tyrosine iodination and its coupling. Seventy mutations have been described throughout the gene. As a heme peroxidase, TPO requires H2O2 to its regular function. The main catalytic core for H2O2 generation in thyroid is the DUOX2/DUOXA2 complex. Twenty five mutations have been described in DUOX2 gene and only one mutation in DUOXA2 gene. In our previous study, we evaluated patients with CH after 3 years of age to establish their etiologic diagnosis, by combining serum TG, thyroid ultrasound, and radioiodide uptake with 131I. Seven patients were diagnosed with IOD. In these patients, we evaluated TPO gene and identified several already described SNPs. One patient had the p.Q660E mutation in heterozygous state, another patient had the SNP p.R584Q in homozygous state and a third one had p.Q660E and p.584Q in compound heterozygous state. The aims of this study were to search for mutations in DUOX2 and DUOXA2 genes in patients with IOD and perform a functional study of TPO p.R584Q change. For the molecular study, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of each patient and parents, followed by PCR, and automatic sequence, and the results were compared with normal sequences of each gene (GenBank). For functional analysis of TPO p.R584Q, HeLa cells were transfected with pcDNA plasmids containing normal and altered TPO gene and the protein activity was assessed by AmplexRed system. In silico analyzes were performed with the bioanalysis programs: PolyPhen, MutationTaster, SIFT and PSIPRED. At the end of the molecular study, in DUOX2 gene we identified 20 previously described SNPs, including the functional p.H678R SNP (rs57659670), present in heterozygous state in 3 patients. We also identified the new p.A1087V change in heterozygous state in one patient. According to bioassay programs datas, p.A1087V change is damage and p.H678R SNP is tolerable. In DUOXA2 gene we identified five previously described polymorphisms and no mutation. In TPO functional study, we observed a significant activity decrease of TPO p.R584Q compared to normal TPO (5% of activity; p=0.0193). According to bioassay programs datas, p.R584Q is damaging. Three patients showed no changes in TPO, DUOX2 and DUOXA2 genes studied regions. A review of clinical and laboratory data suggested the presence of other altered proteins, such as TG, Pendrin or TSH receptor. One patient had the new DUOX2 p.A1087V alteration in heterozygous state and no other changes in the studied regions of evaluated genes, suggesting that there could be changes in other nonevaluated regions or the monoallelic expression of DUOX2. The functional DUOX2 p.H678R SNP was identified in three patients with changes in TPO: one with p.R584Q change in homozygous state and another one with p.R584Q and p.Q660E in compound heterozygous state. These cases have the two alleles of TPO changed, justifying their IOD. A third case showed only the TPO p.Q660E mutation in heterozygous state. We speculate that the patient may present changes in regions nonevaluated or the monoallelic expression of TPO. We conclude that we defined the molecular diagnosis of four patients, that showed significant changes in evaluated genes, and that TPO p.R584Q change is functionally harmful, causing IOD
Guntupalli, Bhargav. "Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical and Colorimetric Sensors for On-Site Detection of Small-Molecule Targets." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3488.
Full textTan, Karen Ai Ling. "Molecular characterization of a sodium-dependent NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase from Vibrio alginolyticus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14516.
Full textNichols, Benjamin James. "Molecular regulation of NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295132.
Full textAzevedo, Jorge Eduardo da Silva. "Estrutura e biogénese da NADH : ubiquinona oxidorredutase Complexo I da cadeia respiratória." Doctoral thesis, Porto : Edição do Autor, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/64545.
Full textAzevedo, Jorge Eduardo da Silva. "Estrutura e biogénese da NADH : ubiquinona oxidorredutase Complexo I da cadeia respiratória." Tese, Porto : Edição do Autor, 1993. http://catalogo.up.pt/F?func=find-b&local_base=UPB01&find_code=SYS&request=000080589.
Full textChapdelaine, Yvan. "Structure and expression of the trans-split gene for NADH dehydrogenase subunit I in wheat mitochondria." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10708.
Full textPacheco-Rodriguez, Gustavo. "Synthesis, purification and characterization of small mono(ADP-ribosyl)ated molecules in the ADP-ribose elongation reaction catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc798168/.
Full textRisal, Laxmi. "STUDY OF PRESSURE DEPENDENCE OF MOLECULAR CONFORMATION OF NADH USING SPECTRAL PHASOR ANALYSIS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1469015215.
Full textAzhari, Ala. "Cloning of the Gene, Purification as Recombinant Protein and Functional Characterization of Leishmania mexicana Cytochrome b5 Reductase." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4282.
Full textSavaskan, Nicolai E. "Axonale Zielfindung im Hippocampus während der Entwicklung und nach Läsion." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14731.
Full textIn this study, the impact of membrane-associated factors on axonal outgrowth during development and following lesion was examined. We studied the maturation-dependent features of membrane-associated molecules in the hippocampus with the stripe assay for guidance activity and with the outgrowth assay for outgrowth-supporting activity. We could show that entorhinal axons discriminate between their proper target area, the hippocampus, and control regions which do not receive synaptic connections from the entorhinal cortex, and preferred to grow on hippocampal membranes. Further, we examined guidance preferences of entorhinal neurites on hippocampal membranes in different developmental stages. The choice behavior of entorhinal neurites for hippocampal membranes temporally correlates with the ingrowth of the perforant path into the hippocampus and with the stabilization of this brain area in vivo, and further indicate the transient presence of membrane-associated guidance cues in the hippocampus. One of the characteristics of maturational processes in the central nervous system is the developmentally regulated myelination of fiber tracts. Comparison of the stripe assay data with immunohistochemical analysis for MBP and MAG as representative myelin markers revealed a correlation between the changes in axonal choice behavior and increasing myelination. It is known that myelin itself is a strong axonal outgrowth inhibitor and that myelin can also induce growth cone collapse. In outgrowth assays, we could show that myelin has a strong outgrowth inhibitory influence on entorhinal axons which can be neutralized by the monoclonal antibody IN-1. However, in the stripe assay, myelin did not influence the choice behavior of outgrowing axons and this indicates that myelin does not govern information for directed growth. Furthermore, stripe assays were performed with membranes obtained from deafferented hippocampi at various lesion stages. In these experiments, we could show that outgrowth-promoting factors are present in the lesioned hippocampus. Moreover, data from the stripe assay revealed the timely restricted presence of membrane-bound guidance factors which are equally as attractive as neonatal hippocampal membranes. These experiments indicate the lesion-induced expression of outgrowth-promoting factors in the hippocampus, which correlates temporally with the sprouting reaction in vivo. It is suggested that the central nervous system of adult vertebrates is determined in its cellular condition and not capable of structural changes. This is most evident following lesion of adult brain, where the ability for regeneration is highly restricted in comparison to young, postnatal neural tissue. This restricted ability for regeneration in the adult brain is essentially determined by the presence of outgrowth-inhibitory myelin. However, a compensatory sprouting response exists in the adult hippocampus following lesion, which leads to a layer-specific replacement of lost synaptic contacts. The identification of these factors will lead to a deeper understanding of layer-specific axonal sprouting and synaptic replacement. Further, the identification and characterization of the underlying factors will help us to understand the potential and limitations of regeneration in the central nervous system.
Abdul, Rahim Roslina. "Molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12074/.
Full textJariwala, Nidhi H. "Characterization of Staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing protein 1 (SND1) as a molecular target in Hepatocellular carcinoma and Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5183.
Full textNzuma-Mswaka, Ruramayi Marjurie. "The molecular studies of NADH oxidase and L-asparaginase from Thermus aquaticus YT-1." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267215.
Full textClements, Andrew P. "Molecular biology and biochemical characterization of the CO dehydrogenase-linked ferredoxin from Methanosarcina thermophila strain TM-1." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29255.
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Streeter, Jennifer Lee. "Molecular regulation of Nox1 NADPH oxidase in vascular smooth muscle cell activation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1767.
Full textBasiorka, Ashley. "Changing the Pathobiological Paradigm in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The NLRP3 Inflammasome Drives the MDS Phenotype." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6613.
Full textGargano, Furia. "Efeito da temperatura na enzima 2-trans-enoil-ACP (CoA) redutase (EC 1.3.1.9) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis em complexo com o NADH: um estudo por simulação pela dinâmica molecular." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1336.
Full textTemperature can interfere with protein structure and function, affecting its ability to bind to other molecules, its conformational microstates distribution, as well as the rate of its enzymatic reactions. Since the mid-20th the in silico or computer experiments have increasingly been used in different areas of science to help better understand and prove theoretical hypotheses. In this context, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, a computational molecular biophysics technique was used in the study of structural variations in the native state of proteins as well as in the design and development of new drugs. The focus of the present study is on the effect of temperature in the enzyme 2-trans-enoil-ACP (CoA) reductase (InhA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by means of MD simulations. The InhA enzyme is the bonafide target of isoniazid (INH), the most important medicine used in the treatment of tuberculosis. The InhA-NADH enzymatic complex was submitted to MD simulations at 25 oC (298 K) and at 37 oC (310 K) for a total simulation time of 20 ns each. The temperature of 37 oC was chosen because it is the human body temperature, whilst 25 oC is used in in vitro experiments under normal conditions of temperature and pressure (NTP). Structural parameters such as root-mean square deviation or RMSD, radius of gyration, B-factors, and solvent accessible surface area were calculated from the MD trajectories. There are statistically significant conformational differences between the 3D structures resulting from 25 ºC and 37 ºC MSD. We also investigated the effect of temperature in the molecular flexibility. While observing a significant increase in flexibility in the substrate binding region (A- and Bloops and in the substrate biding loop), at 37 ºC the helices α6, α7 and α2 presented low B-factors at human body temperature. In the NADH coenzyme binding site, only three residues (Ser20, Ile21 e Phe41) presented lower flexibility with temperature increase. Small increases in temperature significantly affect the protein conformation in important regions that are relevant to its function. The increase in temperature changes the protein flexibility but in a heterogeneous way, preserving regions that need more stability in the functional aspect. The clear changes in the InhA enzyme and its coenzyme NADH during the temperature increase process from 25 ºC to 37 ºC must be considered in planning new drugs against this target. Therefore, we should take into account the environmental conditions (air pressure, temperature and pH) which they will be submitted on in vivo. We suggest, for the future, that research of targets to be done in temperature equal or very close to body temperature and to the one used at the dynamic spectrum of these target structures in molecular docking experiments, an important step in rational drug design.
Esta pesquisa refere-se a um estudo computacional via simulação por dinâmica molecular (DM) que investiga os efeitos da temperatura na InhA, enzima 2-trans-enoil-ACP (CoA) redutase do Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). A temperatura pode interferir na estrutura e função protéicas, na habilidade de ligação de uma proteína, na distribuição dos microestados, na conformação molecular média e nas reações enzimáticas. A partir do início do século XX, os experimentos in silico tem sido cada vez mais utilizados para auxiliar na compreensão e comprovação das hipóteses teóricas elaboradas em diversas áreas da ciência. Neste contexto, a simulação por dinâmica molecular (DM) tem sido uma das técnicas da biofísica molecular computacional utilizadas no estudo da variação das propriedades estruturais do estado nativo das proteínas e no planejamento e design de fármacos. Esta pesquisa investigou o efeito da temperatura sobre a enzima 2-trans-enoil-ACP (CoA) redutase (InhA) através de um estudo por simulação pela DM (SDM). A enzima InhA é um importante alvo para a isoniazida (INH), um dos fármacos utilizados no tratamento da tuberculose (TBC). O complexo enzimático InhA-NADH foi submetido a uma SMD a 25 ºC (298 K) e outra a 37 ºC (310 K) durante um período de 20 ns. A temperatura de 37 ºC foi escolhida por corresponder à temperatura corporal humana. Por outro lado, 25 ºC representa a temperatura ambiente utilizada nos experimentos realizados em condições normais de temperatura e pressão (NTP). Alguns parâmetros iniciais (desvio médio quadrático, raio de giro, superfície acessível ao solvente) foram obtidos a partir da análise dos dados das duas trajetórias. Existem diferenças conformacionais estatisticamente significativas entre as estruturas 3D resultantes das SDM a 25 ºC e 37 ºC. Também pesquisou-se o efeito da temperatura sobre a flexibilidade molecular. Enquanto observamos um importante aumento da flexibilidade na região de ligação do vi substrato (alça A, alça B e alça de ligação do substrato) aos 37 ºC, as hélices α6, α7 e α2 apresentaram Fatores-B menores na temperatura corporal humana. Na região do sítio de ligação da coenzima, apenas três resíduos (Ser20, Ile21 e Phe41) apresentaram uma menor flexibilidade com o aumento da temperatura. Pequenos aumentos de temperatura afetam significativamente a conformação de uma proteína em regiões importantes para o desempenho de suas funções. A elevação da temperatura aumenta a flexibilidade da estrutura protéica, porém de forma heterogênea, preservando regiões que necessitam de maior estabilidade no aspecto funcional. As nítidas modificações da enzima InhA e sua coenzima NADH durante um processo de alteração de temperatura de 25 ºC para 37 ºC devem ser consideradas no decorrer do planejamento e design de qualquer fármaco. O conhecimento detalhado das estruturas alvo, portanto, deve levar em conta as condições ambientais (pressão, temperatura, pH) às quais serão submetidas em in vivo. Sugerem-se, para o futuro, pesquisas com temperaturas maiores e trabalhos com docking.
Ferreira, Glaucio Monteiro. "Busca por inibidores seletivos de Sirtuína 2 de T. cruzi empregando técnicas de planejamento de fármacos baseadona estrutura do receptor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-08032019-174942/.
Full textChagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects between 6 and 8 million people worldwide. Also known as American trypanosomiasis, because it is considered endemic only in Latin America, but has spread to other continents due to migratory movements. It is estimated that 56,000 new cases and about 12,000 deaths from complications related to Chagas disease annually. The chemotherapy available for treatment consists of only two drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, however these are poorly effective in the chronic phase. These drugs also have serious adverse effects and resistance from strains of the parasite. Faced with this scenario, the need to search for new drugs against T. cruzi is imminent. For the drug planning for new antiparasitic chemotherapics, the identification and characterization of metabolic pathways essential to the survival of parasites is fundamental. Therewith, the sirtuin 2 - Silent Information Regulator 2 (Sir2) enzyme has an important role for T. cruzi infection, since Sir2 in the parasite is totally involved in its cell cycle. This is an NAD+-dependent enzyme of class III histone deacetylases, and it shows an interesting biochemical target for the development of antichagasic. The availability of Sir2 genomic sequencing allows us to use SBDD (Structure Based Drug Design) strategies in identifying drug candidates for this disease. Among the modern techniques of SBDD used, virtual screening makes it possible to identify and select potent and selective enzyme inhibitors for the chosen target. The model of the T. cruzi Sir2 enzyme was constructed using the comparative modeling technique. A molecular dynamics simulation of 200ns was performed to ascertain the stability of the obtained model. Considering the stabilization of the model from 100ns, it was validated using cluster analysis, Root-mean-square Deviation (RMSD) and hydrogen bond frequency analyzes with Cofator (NAD+) and the amino acids of the catalysis site were observed, these simulation and validation steps were performed in the DESMOND program. With the robust model, the molecular interaction fields (MIFs) were generated in the GRID program (Molecular Discovery v2.1) in order to elucidate the regions favorable to the interaction with the enzyme in relation to the physicalchemical properties of Sir2. From the MIFs favorable to Sir2 of T. cruzi it was possible to construct two pharmacophoric models, which was based on the interactions of Cofator (NAD+) and the catalysis site (Nicotinamide). It was also applied as a Virtual screening filter in the UNITY program of the SYBYL X 2.0 platform, using the ZINC15 and GSK databases. Screening resulted in the selection of 8 inhibitor candidate compounds. Six compounds were obtained from the screening, because they were considered more promising, and were tested against T. cruzi Sri2 enzyme. After the assay it was possible to evaluate the potency of 4 compounds, the most promising compound being CDMS-01 (IC50 = 39.9 µM) that will be submitted to molecular optimization processes.
SANTOS, Gérsika Bitencourt. "Inibição da atividade catalítica da proteína dissulfeto isomerase por tempol." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2011. http://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/185.
Full textProtein disulfide isomerase (PDI, EC 5.3.4.1) is an ubiquitously expressed enzyme that catalyses the rearrangement of disulfide bonds in target proteins. Previous studies suggest that PDI, which is a chaperone involved in protein trafficking and translocates to the cell surface, may regulate the phagocytic NADPH oxidase complex (Nox2). This study examines whether the nitroxide 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (Tempol) inhibits the regulatory activity of PDI interconnected to Nox2 in inflammatory neutrophils. Phorbol-triggered superoxide anion release was correlated with the PDI reductase activity detected in neutrophils, as determined by oxygen consumption and cleavage of a fluorescent probe, respectively. Both events were significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner when neutrophils were pre-treated with Tempol, which has an ED50 of 45 M. To substantiate that Tempol’s action on PDI activity is related to Nox2 downregulation, assays with the known PDI inhibitors bacitracin and dithionitrobenzoic acid were performed to confirm their ability to decrease the neutrophil respiratory burst. This study shows that Tempol’s inhibition of Nox2 activity is correlated with decreased PDI reductase activity at the neutrophil cellular membrane, suggesting a close association between the enzymes of activated phagocytes and pointing to a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism for Tempol.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG
Li, Jian-Mei. "Molecular structure and biochemical properties of an endothelial cell NADP oxidase." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272282.
Full textBergonzini, Caterina. "Molecular taxonomy and specific diversity of Mediterranean museum collections of ancient sawfish's finds (Chondrichthyes, Pristidae)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textNassef, Hossam Metwally Ahmed. "Bottom-up surface engineering for the construction of (bio) sensoring systems: design strategies and analytical applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8569.
Full textChapter 1 is an introduction, in which the state of the art and objectives are presented.
In Chapters 2-4, different potential mediators that could be used for the catalytic interaction with the enzymatic product o-AP were evaluated and due to their well characterized properties, hydrazine, NADH and ascorbic acid were selected for further study. Hydrazine is used as an antioxidant and reducing agent; NADH plays an important rule in oxidoreductases and dehydrogenase systems and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an antioxidant whose detection is important in clinical and food applications. The electrocatalytic properties of o-aminophenol films grafted on glassy carbon surfaces have been employed for the electrochemical evaluation of hydrazine, NADH and ascorbic acid, to select the most relevant as a recycling mediator in the planned signal amplification strategy. To evaluate the best mediator, the reaction kinetics between mediators and the o-AP/o-QI were extensively studied using different techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, hydrodynamic voltammetry, double potential step chronoamperometry, and double potential step chronocoulometry.
Of them, ascorbic acid was selected as the mediator for regeneration of the o-AP film and substrate recycling. We had thus demonstrated an interesting catalytic system for the oxidation of ascorbic acid, which is stable, sensitive and reproducible, and we decided to explore this system for clinical and food applications. In the first application, we targeted the determination of uric acid (UA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), which commonly co-exist in biological fluids of humans, mainly in blood and urine (Chapter 4). In Chapters 5 and 6, the selective electrocatalytic properties of the grafted o-AP film toward ascorbic acid were also applied to its detection in real samples of fruits and vegetables using disposable one-shot screen printed electrodes. The o-AP modified screen printed electrodes showed high catalytic responses toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid. The o-AP SPE sensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity toward ascorbic acid with excellent storage and operational stability, as well as a quantitatively reproducible analytical performance.
In the second part of the thesis, different surface engineering strategies of antibody immobilization for immunosensor construction using a linker or via direct attachment onto a Au surface using a strategy of self assembly were evaluated and compared. An alternative strategy explored was the direct anchoring of the antibody with or without a linker via the electrochemical reduction of their diazonium cations.
In Chapter 7, a comparison between these different surface chemistries methodologies for the construction of immunosensors towards the model analyte of coeliac toxic gliadin was carried out. Firstly, the self-assembled monolayer approach was evaluated based on the modification of gold surfaces with two bipodal carboxylic acid terminated thiols (thioctic acid and a benzyl alcohol disubstituted thiol, DT2). A stable SAM of DT2 was rapidly immobilized (3 h) on Au as compared with thioctic acid (100 h), although both surface chemistries resulted in highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensors for gliadin detection using an anti-gliadin antibody (CDC5), with detection limits of 11.6 and 5.5 ng/mL, respectively. The developed immunosensors were then applied to the detection of gliadin in commercial gluten-free and gluten-containing food products, showing an excellent correlation when compared to results obtained with ELISA.
In Chapter 8, another approach was explored to further improve immunosensor sensitivity and stability and furthermore to reduce the time necessary for sensor preparation was investigated looking at the direct attachment of the SATA modified full length antibody, and their F(ab) fragments onto Au electrodes. Spontaneously adsorbed SAMs of Fab-SH and CDC5-SH onto Au were rapidly formed in less than 15 minutes. The amperometric immunosensors based on Fab fragments exhibited a vastly improved detection limit as compared to the thiolated antibody with a highly sensitive response toward gliadin detection (LOD, 3.29 ng/ml for amperometric detection and 0.42 g/ml for labelless (impedimetric) detection). Moreover, the self-assembled monolayer of F(ab) fragments was extremely stable with almost no loss in response after 60 days storage at 4oC.
In Chapter 9, an alternative surface chemistry approach was explored for the modification of Au electrodes via electrochemical and spontaneous reduction of diazonium cations of a conjugate prepared from the monoclonal full length anti-gliadin antibody (CDC5) and the linker 3,5-bis(aminophenoxy)benzoic acid (DAPBA). Cylic voltammetry was chosen for surface modification via applying three potential cycles, but it was observed that an extensive washing process was necessary after each potential cycle to remove the non-specifically adsorbed molecules or formed multilayers. The affinity of the immobilized antibody toward gliadin was studied using EIS and amperometry. The modified CDC5-DAPBA surface showed a reasonable amperometric response after incubation with 5 g/ml gliadin, and exhibited excellent specificity with no response observed in the absence of the analyte.
In Chapter 10, general conclusions and future work are presented.
From the different surface chemistry strategies evaluated in this work we can conclude that the best approach is the immunosensor based on the spontaneous adsorption of thiolated F(ab) fragments on gold. This surface is easy and fast to prepare, very stable and sensitive and can be stored for long times in the appropriate conditions without lost of affinity. A good alternative to this approach seems to be the electrodeposition of antibody-diazonium conjugates, although further work is needed in order to optimize this system.
Overall, this work has contributed significantly to the vision we have for an immunosensor that avoids washes and reagent addition, where we have selected an excellent mediator for co-encapsulation with alkaline phosphatase enzymes within liposome reporter molecules, for regeneration of surface immobilised substrate following enzymatic dephosporylation, facilitating substrate recycling and increase in sensitivity and reduction in detection limit. Furthermore, we have selected an optimum surface chemistry for co-immobilisation of capture antibody molecules and enzyme substrate via the formation of self-assembled monolayers of antibody fragments on gold surfaces. Future work will focus on combining the selected mediator and surface chemistry into a sandwich immunosensor with a target sensitive liposome reporter molecule, to demonstrate a reagentless, washless ultrasesensitive immunosensing platform.
El trabajo descrito en la presente tesis ha sido organizado en capitulos en los que se detallan diferentes artículos publicados, enviados para su publicación o en preparacion en los cuales esta basada la tesis.
El Capitulo 1 es una introducción en la que se presenta el estado del arte del tema y los objetivos de la tesis.
En los Capítulos 2 a 4 se evalúan las propiedades electrocatalíticas de diferentes mediadores (hidracina, NADH y ácido ascórbico) que podrían ser utilizados en reacciones de reciclado de substratos enzimáticos en estrategias de amplificación de señal en biosensores. La hidracina es usada como antioxidante y agente reductor, el NADH es fundamental para el funcionamiento de oxidorreductasas y deshidrogenasas y el ácido ascórbico (AA, vitamina C) es de gran importancia como antioxidante. Las propiedades electrocatalíticas de monocapas de o-aminofenol (o-AP) en superficies de carbón vítreo fueron empleadas en la caracterización electroquímica de estos mediadores con el objetivo de seleccionar el mediador más adecuado. Para ello se determinaron diferentes parámetros cinéticos asociados empleando voltametría cíclica e hidrodinámica, así como cronoamperometría y cronocoulometría de doble potencial, siendo el acido ascórbico es mas adecuado en términos de coste, respuesta electroquímica y estabilidad.
Teniendo en cuenta estas propiedades del AA, se decidió explorar otras posibles aplicaciones clínicas y en análisis de alimentos de este sistema. En primer lugar se estudio la determinación de acido úrico en presencia de AA, el cual coexiste en diferentes fluidos biológicos y se estudió su determinación en muestras reales de orina (Capítulo 4).
En los Capítulos 5 y 6 se detalla la utilización de electrodos desechables modificados con o-AP fabricados con la técnica de screen-printing en la determinación de AA de ácido ascórbico en una amplia variedad de frutas y vegetales frescos y zumos comerciales. La selectividad, reproducibilidad y estabilidad de estos electrodos fueron también estudiadas.
En la segunda parte de la tesis se evalúan diferentes estrategias para la inmovilización de anticuerpos para la construcción de inmunosensores. Estas estrategias consisten en la deposición de los anticuerpos en superficies de oro mediante autoensamblaje de compuestos tiolados o la electrodeposición de sales de diazonio.
En el Capítulo 7 se compara el uso de dos compuestos ditiolados para la modificación de superficies de oro. Estos compuestos se emplearon para la inmovilización de anticuerpos en la construcción de un inmunosensor electroquímico para la detección de gliadina en muestras reales.
El Capítulo 8 es la continuación del trabajo anterior y está basado en la adsorción espontánea de fragmentos de anticuerpos o anticuerpos tiolados en superficies de Au para la detección de gliadina. Para ello se compararon las respuestas amperométricas de ambos sistemas, observándose una excelente sensibilidad en el caso de los fragmentos de anticuerpos, asi como una mayor estabilidad (hasta 60 dias a 4ºC) de este sistema.
En el Capítulo 9, se estudia una alternativa consistente en la electrodeposición de sales de diazonio conjugadas a anticuerpos. Para ello se estudiaron diferentes métodos de deposicion (electroquímicos o adsorción espontánea), siendo la deposición empleando voltametría ciclica la más adecuada. Sin embargo, esta metodología requirió de un gran número de pasos de lavado para la eliminaciñon de compuestos adsorbidos no específicamente. A pesar de esto, el anticuerpo inmovilizado mostró una buena afinidad hacia la gliadina al ser evaluada por amperometría con una excelente especificidad.
El Capítulo 10 consiste en las conclusiones generales y un plan de trabajo para el futuro.
De forma general, este trabajo ha contribuido significativamente a la culminación de una estrategia que evita pasos de lavado y de adición de reactivo en el diseño de inmunosensores. Para ello se la seleccionado el mediador más adecuado para coencapsulación con fosfatasa alcalina en liposomas para la regeneración de sustratos inmovilizados en superficies, lo cual facilita su reciclado, así como incrementa la sensibilidad y disminuye los limites de detección. Paralelamente, se han estudiado diferentes superficies para la inmovilización de anticuerpos consistentes en la deposición de los anticuerpos y sus fragmentos en superficies de oro mediante autoensamblaje de compuestos tiolados o la electrodeposición de sales de diazonio. Se propone en el futuro combinar ambas estrategias en la construcción de plataformas inmunosensoras de fácil operatividad y ultrasensibles.
Gargano, Furia. "Efeito da temperatura na enzima 2-trans-enoil-ACP (CoA) redutase (EC 1.3.1.9) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis em complexo com o NADH : um estudo por simula??o pela din?mica molecular." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5352.
Full textEsta pesquisa refere-se a um estudo computacional via simula??o por din?mica molecular (DM) que investiga os efeitos da temperatura na InhA, enzima 2-trans-enoil-ACP (CoA) redutase do Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). A temperatura pode interferir na estrutura e fun??o prot?icas, na habilidade de liga??o de uma prote?na, na distribui??o dos microestados, na conforma??o molecular m?dia e nas rea??es enzim?ticas. A partir do in?cio do s?culo XX, os experimentos in silico tem sido cada vez mais utilizados para auxiliar na compreens?o e comprova??o das hip?teses te?ricas elaboradas em diversas ?reas da ci?ncia. Neste contexto, a simula??o por din?mica molecular (DM) tem sido uma das t?cnicas da biof?sica molecular computacional utilizadas no estudo da varia??o das propriedades estruturais do estado nativo das prote?nas e no planejamento e design de f?rmacos. Esta pesquisa investigou o efeito da temperatura sobre a enzima 2-trans-enoil-ACP (CoA) redutase (InhA) atrav?s de um estudo por simula??o pela DM (SDM). A enzima InhA ? um importante alvo para a isoniazida (INH), um dos f?rmacos utilizados no tratamento da tuberculose (TBC). O complexo enzim?tico InhA-NADH foi submetido a uma SMD a 25 ?C (298 K) e outra a 37 ?C (310 K) durante um per?odo de 20 ns. A temperatura de 37 ?C foi escolhida por corresponder ? temperatura corporal humana. Por outro lado, 25 ?C representa a temperatura ambiente utilizada nos experimentos realizados em condi??es normais de temperatura e press?o (NTP). Alguns par?metros iniciais (desvio m?dio quadr?tico, raio de giro, superf?cie acess?vel ao solvente) foram obtidos a partir da an?lise dos dados das duas trajet?rias. Existem diferen?as conformacionais estatisticamente significativas entre as estruturas 3D resultantes das SDM a 25 ?C e 37 ?C. Tamb?m pesquisou-se o efeito da temperatura sobre a flexibilidade molecular. Enquanto observamos um importante aumento da flexibilidade na regi?o de liga??o do vi substrato (al?a A, al?a B e al?a de liga??o do substrato) aos 37 ?C, as h?lices α6, α7 e α2 apresentaram Fatores-B menores na temperatura corporal humana. Na regi?o do s?tio de liga??o da coenzima, apenas tr?s res?duos (Ser20, Ile21 e Phe41) apresentaram uma menor flexibilidade com o aumento da temperatura. Pequenos aumentos de temperatura afetam significativamente a conforma??o de uma prote?na em regi?es importantes para o desempenho de suas fun??es. A eleva??o da temperatura aumenta a flexibilidade da estrutura prot?ica, por?m de forma heterog?nea, preservando regi?es que necessitam de maior estabilidade no aspecto funcional. As n?tidas modifica??es da enzima InhA e sua coenzima NADH durante um processo de altera??o de temperatura de 25 ?C para 37 ?C devem ser consideradas no decorrer do planejamento e design de qualquer f?rmaco. O conhecimento detalhado das estruturas alvo, portanto, deve levar em conta as condi??es ambientais (press?o, temperatura, pH) ?s quais ser?o submetidas em in vivo. Sugerem-se, para o futuro, pesquisas com temperaturas maiores e trabalhos com docking.
Bartsch, Ingo. "Zytokinprofil einer humanen Knochenmarkszellkultur nach Exposition mit Ultra-high-molecular-weight-Polyethylen-Abriebpartikeln." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2005/0355/.
Full textBovdilova, Anastasiia [Verfasser]. "Molecular adaptations and post-translational regulation of C4-NADP-malic enzyme / Anastasiia Bovdilova." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210700492/34.
Full textDias, Sandra Martha Gomes. "Identificação, clonagem, estrutura e transcrição do loco genico mitocondrial nad3-rps12 de Coix lacryma-job L." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316477.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Com o objetivo de identificar e clonar um gene novo do DNA mitocondrial (DNAmt) de Coix lacryma-jobi L. (coix), utilizou-se a estratégia da hibridização heteróloga. Para tanto amplificou-se por PCR um fragmento correspondente a um quadro de leitura aberto ("open reading frame"-oif), denominado orf167, presente no DNAmt da briófita Marchantia polymorpha, e tido como um possível gene. Marcou-se radioativamente e utilizou-se esta sequência como sonda em hibridizações com o DNAmt de coix digerido com várias enzimas. Identificou-se um fragmento homólogo Bgl II/ Bgl II de 1,4 kb, o qual foi clonado em pBluescript. Elaborou-se o mapa de restrição deste fragmento e localizou-se nele a exata região de homologia com a orf167. A região de homologia estava presente em um fragmento interno de 0,5 kb Spe I / Pvu II. Este fragmento de 0,5 kb, homólogo à orf167, foi utilizado em hibridizações com o DNArmt de várias espécies de plantas superiores (alfafa, batata, coix, couve-flor, ervilha, milho e soja), verificando-se que o mesmo correspondia a uma seqüência altamente conservada. Este mesmo fragmento foi também hibridizado em membranas contendo o RNAmt tota de oix e de outras espécies de plantas superiores (milho e couve flor). Os resultados revelaram que ele é transcrito na mitocôndria das espécies analisadas. O fragmento original de 1,4 kb Bgl II / Bgl II foi divido em 5 subfragmentos, os quais foram clonados e sequenciados. Após a análise da homologia desta sequência com outras presentes nos bancos de dados, verificou-se que o fragmento de 1,4 kb Bgl II./ Bgl II, isolado do DNAmt de coix, contém um "cluster" gênico onde estão presentes o gene que codifica o tRNA serina (tRNAScr), um pseudo-gene provavelmente originado do tRNA fenilananina (tRNAPhe), os genes nad3 e rps12. Tais genes presentes em coix são muito similares àqueles presentes em trigo e milho, os quais se organizam também em um "c1uster" gênico muito similar ao existente em coix. Estudos de expressão realizados através de "Northern Blotting" e RT ¿PCR mostraram que os genes tRNA ser, nad3 e rps12 são transcritos, sendo os dois últimos cotranscritos. Vinte e três elones de cDNA dos transcritos dos genes nad3 e rps12 foram seqüenciados, e tiveram suas sequências comparadas com a seqüência genômica. Encontrou-se 21 sítios de edição nos transcritos do gene nad3 e 8 sítios nos transcritos do gene rps12. Após comparações entre a sequência de aminoácidos predita a partir do clone genômico e do cDNA, observou-se que todas as edições modificam o aminoácido especificado pelo codon onde O evento de edição foi detectado, tornando a sequência de aminoácidos editada diferente da prevista pela sequência genômica. Vinte sítios de edição no gene nad3, e 6 no gene rps12, alteram a identidade do codon, de modo a especificar um aminoácido mais conservado durante a evolução entre diferentes espécies vegetais. Os outros três sítios, sendo I no gene nad3 e 2 no gene rps12, acarretam mudanças raras, espécie-específicas e não conservativas. Todos os 23 elones de cDNA investigados estavam diferentemente editados, predominando os cDNAs com sítios parcialmente editados. Não foi encontrada nenhuma orientação preferencial (5' para 3', ou 3' para 5') para o processamento da edição. Discute-se os motivos do reconhecimento do gene nad3 de coix pela orf167 de M. polymorpha
Abstract: We have cloned and sequenced the nad3 and rps12 mithocondrial genes from Coix lacryma-jobi L., whose sequence were found to be similar to the corresponding genes in wheat and maize. In addition, we have indentified a tRNA Ser and a pseudo-tRNA genes on the 5¿ upstream of nad3, generating a locus organization which is identical to what has been observed in wheat and maize. The locus identification was performed with a heterologous hibridization using the mitochondrial probe orf167 from Marchantia polymorpha. The gene expression was analysed using NoI1hern hybridization and RT -PCR, indicating that nad3 and rps12 gene were cotranscribed in a 1.3 kb RNA molecule. Concernig the RNA editing, we have found 21 and 8 sites in the nad3 and rps12 genes respectively. In general terms, the observed coix mRNA editing has changed the codon identities in such a way that the NAD3- and RPS12- protein aminoacid sequence was kept closer to the corresponding ones in other organisms. However, we have detected three specie-specific editing sites which were not conservative. As for the editing processing, we have analysed 23 cDNA clones which showed different editing pattems. A predominance of partial editing was observed where the edited sites were randomly distributed.
Mestrado
Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
Kanagarajah, Dhushy. "The molecular and biochemical characterization of the MLRQ subunit of NADH, ubiquinone oxidoreductase in the human mitochondrial respiratory chain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58735.pdf.
Full textRoncato, Juliana Foletto Fredo. "Estudo associativo entre polimorfismos nos genes ND2 e ND3 que codificam para subunidades da NADH desidrogenase em DNA mitocondrial de pacientes esquizofr?nicos." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5471.
Full textA esquizofrenia ? uma doen?a neuropsiqui?trica que afeta cerca de 1% da popula??o mundial e que, devido aos seus diversos sintomas, acarreta um enorme custo social direto (hospitaliza??es, atendimentos, medica??es) e indireto (improdutividade, repercuss?es familiares). Os estudos de gen?tica populacional indicam que a esquizofrenia tenha um componente gen?tico relevante al?m da influ?ncia do ambiente. Neste sentido, al?m de estudos no DNA nuclear, t?m sido investigadas as altera??es no DNA Mitocondrial (mtDNA). O mtDNA apresenta heran?a materna, e por isso ? muito ?til em estudos populacionais. Estudos com doen?as neurodegenerativas como a doen?a de Parkinson e a doen?a de Alzheimer sugerem que, ao menos em parte, o mtDNA contribua para suas etiologias. Manifesta??es neuropsiqui?tricas caracter?sticas de encefalopatias mitocondriais causadas por muta??es do mtDNA s?o convuls?es, dem?ncia e dor de cabe?a. Al?m disso, um estado confusional agudo, com alguns sintomas semelhantes aos que ocorrem na esquizofrenia (desorganiza??o mental e alucina??es), ?s vezes ? observado em MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes), uma encefalopatia mitocondrial t?pica. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi averiguar uma poss?vel associa??o entre polimorfismos A4769G e A10398G de mtDNA, que j? foram descritos como predisponentes a outras doen?as neuropsiqui?tricas, com o desenvolvimento da esquizofrenia. Os polimorfismos A4769G e A10398G est?o respectivamente localizados nos genes ND2 e ND3, que codificam para subunidades 2 e 3 da NADH Desidrogenase. Para relacionar esses polimorfismos com a esquizofrenia, testamos 76 pacientes esquizofr?nicos quanto ? ocorr?ncia ou n?o destas variantes polim?rficas no mtDNA e comparamos com as amostras de 88 controles sadios. Esses polimorfismos foram analisados utilizado-se o seq?enciador autom?tico de DNA MegaBACE 1000 (GE Healthcare ) do Centro de Biologia Gen?mica e Molecular da PUCRS. Os cromatogramas gerados pela corrida eletrofor?tica das rea??es de seq?enciamento foram analisadas no programa Chromas para determinar a ocorr?ncia ou n?o da varia??o polim?rfica. Quanto ? an?lise estat?stica, foi realizado teste do qui-quadrado para vari?veis categ?ricas. O n?vel de signific?ncia estat?stica foi p ≤ 0,05. Em rela??o ao polimorfismo A4769G, foram analisadas amostras de 76 pacientes dos quais 61 (80,3%) apresentaram o alelo G e 15 (19,7%) apresentaram o alelo A nesta posi??o. Das 88 amostras de controles analisadas, obtivemos 82 (93,2%) com o alelo G e 6 (6,8%) com o alelo A (Qui-quadrado p=0,014, Odds ratio=2.895). Em rela??o ao polimorfismo A10398G, dos 62 pacientes analisados, 17 (27,4%) apresentaram o alelo G e 45 (72,6%) o alelo A. Dos 76 controles, 34 (44,7%) apresentaram a presen?a do alelo mutante G e 42 (55,3%) apresentaram o alelo A para esta posi??o (Qui-quadrado p=0,036, Odds ratio=1.313). O estudo mostra diferen?as estatisticamente significativas na freq??ncia dos sistemas polim?rficos estudados entre pacientes esquizofr?nicos e controles. Estudos adicionais s?o necess?rios para avaliar sua relev?ncia do ponto de vista funcional.
Kanegae, Marília Pyles Patto. "Apocinina e metóxi-catecóis correlatos : relação entre estrutura molecular e inibição da ativação do complexo NADPH oxidase /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100717.
Full textAbstract: Apocynin, a methoxy catechol (MC) extracted from the roots of Picrorhiza kurroa has been used as an efficient inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) complex and its mechanism of action involves the impairment of the assemble process of the enzyme. Here, we studied the structure-activity relationship for apocynin and analogous ortho-methoxy-substituted catechols as inhibitors of the NADPH oxidase. Aiming to alter the reduction potential, the ortho-methoxy-catechol moiety was kept constant and the substituents at para position related to the hydroxyl group were varied. Two series of compounds were employed: methoxy-catechols bearing electron-withdrawing groups (MC-W) and methoxy-catechol bearing electron-donating groups (MC-D). We found that MC-D were weaker inhibitors of the NOX complex in stimulated neutrophils compared to MD-W. We suggest that there is a close relationship between the weak reactivity of MC-D compounds with sulfhydryl residues of proteins and there incapacity in inhibiting NOX activation. Diapocynin is a product generated by peroxidase oxidation of apocynin. Here we synthesized diapocynin and compared its efficacy as NOX inhibitor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils in relation to apocynin. Both drugs were also studied in cytokine release and its influence on gp91phox mRNA expression. We found that diapocynin was a more efficient inhibitor of NOX activation, gp91phox mRNA expression and cytokine release than apocynin. We suggest that these findings could be related to NOX inhibition process
Orientador: Valdecir Farias Ximenes
Coorientador: Luiz Marcos da Fonseca
Banca: Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva
Banca: Paulo Inácio da Costa
Banca: José Carlos Rebuglio Vellosa
Banca: Cleni Mara Marzocchi Machado
Doutor
Júnior, Edgar Borges de Oliveira. "Uma nova abordagem para o estudo dos defeitos genético-moleculares da doença granulomatosa crônica e análise de suas relações genótipo-fenótipo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-16122010-101612/.
Full textChronic granulomatous disease is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent and severe infections, affecting the body barriers. In these patients, phagocytes present a failure in the respiratory burst caused by a deficiency of the NADPH oxidase system, and a microbicidal defect. Mutations affecting one of the components of the NADPH oxidase system. The dHPLC proved to be more sensitive to the SSCP, being effective in detecting changes in 100% of cases. We found seven different mutations, four of which are original. Are they R226X; R290X; and C537R. Among the unpublished mutations identified: T302fsX46; c. 141 + 5 G > T; C185R; and H222L. We identify the gene mutation V25fsX51 NCF1 in two patients. We have established a correlation between genotype and phenotype clinical relevant clinical manifestations based on DGC in providing important data from each clinical and clinical severity index (CSI) for each type of mutation. The results contribute to the construction of strategies enabling the identification of molecular genetic defects related to CGD.
Shearer, Heather. "Molecular and biochemical characterization of NADP-dependent malic enzyme from developing Ricinus communis endosperm." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ54484.pdf.
Full textRagab, Nada [Verfasser], and Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Marx. "Molecular mechanisms of the muscle differentiation blockade in Rhabdomyosarcoma / Nada Ragab ; Betreuer: Alexander Marx." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233788078/34.
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