Journal articles: 'Na/MnO2 Cells'

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Li, Xu, and Yuhui Ma. "MnO₂ nanodrug mediates the expression of antigen-presenting cell through combined chemotherapy to enhance the antineoplastic curative function." Materials Express 13, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 935–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2023.2432.

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Nano-conjugated compounds are studied in tumor treatment. However, little is known on the function of MnO2 nanodrug mediated by combined chemotherapy. This study explored the efficacy of MnO2 nanodrug applied in combined chemotherapy and evaluated its antineoplastic efficacy in vivo. Confocal microscope was used to detect the transfection efficiency in tumor cells. Nanoparticles with MnO2 as core (MnO2 NPs) were prepared. The antineoplastic activity efficiency of MnO2 NPs loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) was tested by cell viability test and cell biological behaviors. And the proliferation activity of the co-loading complex on tumor cells was tested in mice in vivo. RT-PCR and flow cytometry detected the expression of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mediated by MnO2 nanodrug combined chemotherapy. Co-loading MnO2 NPs and DOX showed a high activity on cells. The mobility of MnO2 NPs DOX cells was weakened and co-loading could inhibit cell invasion. The in vivo studies showed that the metastasis of tumor cells was inhibited after the mice received co-loading. Compared with DOX group, ki67 and APC in co-loading group decreased significantly and the expression of IFN-γ mediated by co-loading drugs was higher than control group, indicating that APC is involved in inhibiting tumor cell growth and metastasis by co-loading. MnO2 nanodrug can enhance the antineoplastic function through APC mediated by combined chemotherapy and inhibit the tumor growth by enhancing the synergistic function of inhibiting the growth, migration, and invasion of tumor cells.

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Kuwabara, K., K. Hanafusa, and K. Sugiyama. "MnO2 for Solid Electrolyte Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 136, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2096628.

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Holliman, Peter J., Arthur Connell, Eurig W. Jones, and Christopher P. Kershaw. "Metal Oxide Oxidation Catalysts as Scaffolds for Perovskite Solar Cells." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040949.

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Whilst the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) perovskite solar cell (PSC) devices that have reported to date have been fabricated by high temperature sintering (>500 °C) of mesoporous metal oxide scaffolds, lower temperature processing is desirable for increasing the range of substrates available and also decrease the energy requirements during device manufacture. In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) mesoporous scaffolds have been compared with metal oxide oxidation catalysts: cerium dioxide (CeO2) and manganese dioxide (MnO2). For MnO2, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a low energy band gap metal oxide has been used as a scaffold in the PSC devices. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that organic binder removal is completed at temperatures of 350 °C and 275 °C for CeO2 and MnO2, respectively. By comparison, the binder removal from TiO2 pastes requires temperatures >500 °C. CH3NH3PbBr3 PSC devices that were fabricated while using MnO2 pastes sintered at 550 °C show slightly improved PCE (η = 3.9%) versus mesoporous TiO2 devices (η = 3.8%) as a result of increased open circuit voltage (Voc). However, the resultant PSC devices showed no efficiency despite apparently complete binder removal during lower temperature (325 °C) sintering using CeO2 or MnO2 pastes.

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Elawwad, Abdelsalam, Mostafa Ragab, Ahmed Hamdy, and Dalal Z. Husein. "Enhancing the performance of microbial desalination cells using δMnO2/graphene nanocomposite as a cathode catalyst." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 10, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2020.011.

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Abstract In this work, δMnO2 was anchored into graphene nanosheets via a mediated simple and eco-friendly approach to be used as a potential low-cost cathodic catalyst in microbial desalination cells (MDC). MnO2/G based MDC revealed a faster start-up and stable performance during the operation compared with the catalyst-free control MDC. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies were 85.11 ± 5.13 and 86.20 ± 4.85% and average columbic efficiencies throughout the operation cycles were 1.52 ± 0.32% and 0.70 ± 0.35% for MnO2/G based reactor and control reactor, respectively. The average desalination efficiencies were 15.67 ± 3.32 and 13.21 ± 2.61% for MnO2/G based reactor and control reactor, respectively. The superior catalytic performance of MnO2/G based cathode improved current generation which is the key desalination stimulus. MnO2/G based reactor revealed a lower internal resistance of 430 Ω compared with 485 Ω for the catalyst-free control reactor and, similarly, the maximum power densities were found to be 12.5 and 6.5 mW/m2, respectively. MnO2/G catalyst offered an improved MDC performance, however, still with uncompetitive performance in comparison with platinum group metals catalysts.

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Hu, Qin, Shu Zhang, Jun Zhu, Lina Yin, Suping Liu, Xiaowei Huang, and Guihao Ke. "The Promotional Effect of Hollow MnO2 with Brucea Javanica Oil Emulsion (BJOE) on Endometrial Cancer Apoptosis." BioMed Research International 2021 (March 18, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6631533.

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Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecological malignancy worldwide whose therapy mainly depends on chemotherapy. In past years, an increasing number of studies indicate that hollow MnO2 could serve as a nanoplatform in the drug delivery system. The Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE) has been illustrated to play a vital role in cancers. However, knowledge about the combined effect of H-MnO2-PEG/BJOE in endometrial cancer remains ambiguous up to now. In the present work, we prepared a drug-delivery vector H-MnO2-PEG by chemical synthesis and found that H-MnO2-PEG significantly inhibited cell proliferation in endometrial cancer cells. Moreover, the combination of H-MnO2-PEG/BJOE could repress cell proliferation more efficiently and promote cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that BJOE exerted its role as a promoter of endometrial apoptosis by regulating relative protein expressions. In general, the present study demonstrates that H-MnO2-PEG functions as a critical vector in the tumor microenvironment of endometrial cancer and the significant effect of H-MnO2-PEG/BJOE on cancer cells, suggesting a new paradigm for the treatment of endometrial cancer.

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Tremouli, Asimina, Pavlos K. Pandis, Theofilos Kamperidis, Christos Argirusis, Vassilis N. Stathopoulos, and Gerasimos Lyberatos. "Performance Comparison of Different Cathode Strategies on Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells: Coal Fly Ash as a Cathode Catalyst." Water 15, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15050862.

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The effect of different cathode strategies (mullite/MnO2, Plexiglas/Gore-Tex/MnO2, mullite/coal fly ash, mullite/biochar, mullite/activated carbon) on the performance of air-cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was investigated. The highest maximum power output was observed using MnO2 catalyst pasted on Gore-Tex cloth (7.7 mW/m3), yet the highest coulombic efficiencies (CEs) were achieved using MnO2 (CE 23.5 ± 2.7%) and coal fly ash (CE 20 ± 3.3%) pasted on ceramic. The results showed that the utilization of coal fly ash and biochar as catalysts in MFC technology can be a sustainable and cost-effective solution.

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Dzieciuch, M. A., N. Gupta, and H. S. Wroblowa. "Rechargeable Cells with Modified MnO2 Cathodes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 135, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 2415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2095349.

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Yamamoto, Takakazu, and Takayuki Shoji. "Rechargeable Zn∣ZnSO4∣MnO2-type cells." Inorganica Chimica Acta 117, no. 2 (July 1986): L27—L28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)82175-1.

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Kim, Sa Heum, and Seung Mo Oh. "Degradation mechanism of layered MnO2 cathodes in Zn/ZnSO4/MnO2 rechargeable cells." Journal of Power Sources 72, no. 2 (April 1998): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(97)02703-1.

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Dessie, Yilkal, Sisay Tadesse, and Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy. "Surface Roughness and Electrochemical Performance Properties of Biosynthesized α-MnO2/NiO-Based Polyaniline Ternary Composites as Efficient Catalysts in Microbial Fuel Cells." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (June 30, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7475902.

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In this study, biosynthesized α-MnO2/NiO NPs and chemically oxidative polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized to form ternary composite anode material for MFC. The synthesized materials were characterized with different materials (UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, TGA-DTA-DSC, SEM-EDX-Gwyddion, CV, and EIS) to deeply examine their optical, structural, morphological, thermal, roughness, and electrocatalytic properties. The degree of surface roughness for α-MnO2/NiO/PANI was 23.65 ± 5.652 nm . This value was higher than the pure α-MnO2, pure PANI, and even α-MnO2/PANI nanocomposite due to surface modification. The total charge storing performance for bare PGE, α-MnO2/PGE, PANI/PGE, α-MnO2/PANI/PGE, and α-MnO2/NiO/PANI/PGE were 5.291, 17.267, 20.659, 23.258, and 24.456 mC. From this, the charge storing performance formed by α-MnO2/NiO/PANI-modified PGE was highest, indicating that this electrode is best in cycle stability and increases its life cycle during energy conversion time in MFC. This is also supported by its effective surface area, having a value of 0.00984 cm2. From this, it is evidenced that the ternary composite catalyst-modified anode facilitates the fast electrocatalytic activity as observed from its high peak current and lower peak-to-peak potential separation ( Δ E p = 0.216 V ) than other electrodes. Such surface modification helps to store more electrical charge by increasing electrical conductivity during its charge/discharge processing time. In addition, the lower charge transfer resistance property with a value of 788.9 Ω and the fast heterogeneous electron transfer rate of ~2.92 s-1 enable to facilitate glucose oxidation, and this enhances to produce high power output and increase wastewater treatment efficiency. As a result, the bioelectrical activity of α-MnO2/NiO/PANI composite-modified PGE was very effective in producing a maximum power density of 506.96 mW m-2 with COD of 81.92%. The above observations justified that α-MnO2/NiO/PANI/PGE serves as an effective anode material in double-chambered MFC application.

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Yadav, Gautam, Jinchao Huang, Meir Weiner, Shinju Yang, Kristen Vitale, Sanbir Rahman, Kevin Keane, and Sanjoy Banerjee. "Improvements in Performance and Cost Reduction of Large-Scale Rechargeable Zinc|Manganese Dioxide Batteries and a Future Roadmap Driven through Real World Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 3 (July 7, 2022): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-013452mtgabs.

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Zinc|Manganese Dioxide (Zn|MnO2) are widely available as primary batteries for use in small-scale consumer electronics because of its low cost and high energy density. The last decade has seen a resurgence in research to make this chemistry rechargeable by materials engineering, additives and experimenting with various electrolytes. These important contributions have showed that Zn|MnO2 has all the prerequisites to be a post-lithium solution for grid-scale storage. At Urban Electric Power, we have been commercializing proton-insertion Zn|MnO2 batteries in cylindrical and prismatic form factors between 70 to 140Ah nameplate capacity. These batteries contain improved materials and electrode designs with improved utilizations of the cathode and anode theoretical capacity. Both the cathode and anode can achieve 40 to 60% of their theoretical capacity, which is currently the best in alkaline electrolytes and scaled-up cells. These improvements not only reflect the performance but also the manufacturability of cells on a large scale. In this talk, we will present the methodological approach we pursued to achieve these performance metrics and reduce the cost to <$80/kWh. We also cycled these cells according to various protocols that represent real world applications. For example, we found that the newly improved Zn|MnO2 cells can achieve >6 years of performance for solar microgrid applications, which is better than lead acid batteries, the current battery of choice. We have also manufactured gelled Zn|MnO2 batteries that can be considered as “non-spillable” and thus, “non-hazardous” according to transportation regulations. These non-spillable cells manufacturing process and performance will also be presented in the talk. The talk will also expand on the future generations of Zn|MnO2 that are currently under development at Urban Electric Power like the conversion battery which access the complete 2nd electron capacity of the electrodes and the high voltage (>2.5V) battery. These batteries expand the application space of Zn|MnO2 batteries which make it a viable contender for post lithium-ion batteries.

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Wu, Zixu, Guangxing Li, Qin Liao, Ruida Ding, Xuze Zuo, Qilin Liu, Hao He, and Shuguang Chen. "Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of α-MnO2 Nanowires Through Ag Doping." Nano 15, no. 09 (September 2020): 2050115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292020501155.

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Enhancing the catalytic activity of manganese oxide in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key issue for its large-scale application in metal-air fuel cells. Ag-doped [Formula: see text]-MnO2 nanowires without Ag or Ag2O have been successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method, and the changes in both the structure and electrochemical catalytic performances after Ag doping are investigated. Compared with the pristine [Formula: see text]-MnO2, the as-prepared Ag-doped MnO2 exhibits a significantly enhanced catalytic activity in both ORR and Mg-air fuel cell application. With Ag/Mn ratio of 1:25, Ag-doped MnO2 exhibits a typical 4e-reaction pathway and presents a 163 mV higher half-wave potential than that of the pristine [Formula: see text]-MnO2. Furthermore, it demonstrates a power density of 75.1[Formula: see text]mW[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] at current density of 134.5[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] in the Mg-air fuel cells. The enhanced ORR performances are considered to be contributed from the activation of surface lattice oxygen, the improvement in conductivity and the increase in oxygen vacancies of [Formula: see text]-MnO2. These findings provide new understanding for developing high-performance manganese oxide catalysts.

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Parveen, Nazish, Thi Hiep Han, Sajid Ali Ansari, and Moonyong Lee. "Sustainable Bio-Energy Production in Microbial Fuel Cell Using MnO2 Nanoparticle-Decorated Hollow Carbon Nanofibers as Active Cathode Materials." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2926.

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The widespread use of renewable energy remains a challenging and complex multidisciplinary problem. Developing alternatives using new technology such as nanotechnology is necessary to increase renewable energy’s scalability. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) combined with nanotechnology can improve bioelectricity generation during wastewater treatment. In this study, hollow carbon nanofibers (H-CNF) were decorated with manganese oxide (MnO2) via a simple chemical reduction method. MnO2-decorated H-CNF prepared with varying concentrations of manganese precursor (MnO2@H-CNF) were characterized via different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The cathode catalyst performance of the MnO2@H-CNF was investigated in an //-type constructed MFC system using Shewanella Oneidensis MR1. The MnO2@H-CNF-1 in the assembled MFC displayed excellent power density of 25.7 mW/m2, which is higher than pure H-CNF (8.66 mW/m2), carbon cloth (5.10 mW/m2), and MnO2@H-CNF-3 (16 mW/m2). The maximum power generated in the MFC coupled with MnO2@H-CNF as a cathode catalyst may have been due to the synergistic effect of the MnO2@H-CNF, which increased the electric conductivity and catalytic activity in the MFC’s cathode chamber. These results demonstrate that the developed MnO2@H-CNF cathode catalyst could improve the MFC’s performance and reduce the operational costs of practical applications.

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Hao, Li, Li Xue, Fengchun Huang, Gaozhe Cai, Wuzhen Qi, Miao Zhang, Qing’an Han, Zengli Wang, and Jianhan Lin. "A Microfluidic Biosensor Based on Magnetic Nanoparticle Separation, Quantum Dots Labeling and MnO2 Nanoflower Amplification for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2020): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030281.

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Screening of foodborne pathogens is an effective way to prevent microbial food poisoning. A microfluidic biosensor was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella Typhimurium using quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent probes for sensor readout and manganese dioxide nanoflowers (MnO2 NFs) and as QDs nanocarriers for signal amplification. Prior to testing, amino-modified MnO2 nanoflowers (MnO2-NH2 NFs) were conjugated with carboxyl-modified QDs through EDC/NHSS method to form MnO2-QD NFs, and MnO2-QD NFs were functionalized with polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) to form MnO2-QD-pAb NFs. First, the mixture of target Salmonella Typhimurium cells and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was injected with MnO2-QD-pAb NFs into a microfluidic chip to form MNP-bacteria-QD-MnO2 complexes. Then, glutathione (GSH) was injected to dissolve MnO2 on the complexes into Mn2+, resulting in the release of QDs. Finally, fluorescent intensity of the released QDs was measured using the fluorescent detector to determine the amount of Salmonella. A linear relationship between fluorescent intensity and bacterial concentration from 1.0 × 102 to 1.0 × 107 CFU/mL was found with a low detection limit of 43 CFU/mL and mean recovery of 99.7% for Salmonella in spiked chicken meats, indicating the feasibility of this biosensor for practical applications.

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Özcan, Şeyma, Aslıhan Güler, Tugrul Cetinkaya, Mehmet O. Guler, and Hatem Akbulut. "Freestanding graphene/MnO2 cathodes for Li-ion batteries." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (September 14, 2017): 1932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.193.

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Different polymorphs of MnO2 (α-, β-, and γ-) were produced by microwave hydrothermal synthesis, and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were prepared by oxidation of graphite using a modified Hummers’ method. Freestanding graphene/MnO2 cathodes were manufactured through a vacuum filtration process. The structure of the graphene/MnO2 nanocomposites was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies of freestanding cathodes were investigated by scanning electron microcopy (SEM). The charge–discharge profile of the cathodes was tested between 1.5 V and 4.5 V at a constant current of 0.1 mA cm−2 using CR2016 coin cells. The initial specific capacity of graphene/α-, β-, and γ-MnO2 freestanding cathodes was found to be 321 mAhg−1, 198 mAhg−1, and 251 mAhg−1, respectively. Finally, the graphene/α-MnO2 cathode displayed the best cycling performance due to the low charge transfer resistance and higher electrochemical reaction behavior. Graphene/α-MnO2 freestanding cathodes exhibited a specific capacity of 229 mAhg−1 after 200 cycles with 72% capacity retention.

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Yuan, Haoran, Lifang Deng, Yong Chen, and Yong Yuan. "MnO2/Polypyrrole/MnO2 multi-walled-nanotube-modified anode for high-performance microbial fuel cells." Electrochimica Acta 196 (April 2016): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.183.

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Li, Rui, Yuankun Wang, and Tengfei Long. "Efficient Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells Using Ultra-Convenient Substrates Based on Self-Assembled Hollow MnO2 Nanoparticles." Coatings 12, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081214.

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An efficient and active sorting platform of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is still a challenge in clinical research. In this paper, we design a novel system based on hollow MnO2 nanoparticles for the capture and release of CTCs. Using the self-assembly method, we prepared rough MnO2 nanomaterial substrates that provide more binding sites for antibody grafting, increase the contact probability between cells and materials and improve the capture efficiency. The highest capture efficiency was 83.2% under the incubation time of 120 min. The MnO2 nanosubstrate was dissolved by employing a 2 × 10−3 M concentration of oxalic acid to release the captured cells. The cell release efficiency was up to 91.46% with a reaction time of 60 s. The released cells had a strong ability to proliferate after being collected and re-cultured for 24 h. Identifying and counting CTCs from the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients through the three-color immunocytochemistry method proved the effectiveness of our design platform. Such a simple and economical approach provides a promising platform for the capture and release of cells in clinical research.

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Zhu, Shuang, De-Qiang Wang, Xue-Hua Sun, Xin-Yu Li, Hui-Fang Xiao, Wan-Ru Sun, Xing-Tao Wang, et al. "Mitochondria-Targeted Degradable Nanocomposite Combined with Laser and Ultrasound for Synergistic Tumor Therapies." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 763–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2022.3287.

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Although the development of safe and efficient cancer therapeutic agents is essential, this process remains challenging. In this study, a mitochondria-targeted degradable nanoplatform (PDA–MnO2-IR780) for synergistic photothermal, photodynamic, and sonodynamic tumor treatment was investigated. PDA–MnO2-IR780 exhibits superior photothermal properties owing to the integration of polydopamine, MnO2, and IR780. IR780, a photosensitizer and sonosensitizer, was used for photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy. When PDA–MnO2-IR780 was delivered to the tumor site, MnO2 was decomposed by hydrogen peroxide, producing Mn2+ and oxygen. Meanwhile, alleviating tumor hypoxia promoted the production of reactive oxygen species during photodynamic therapy and sonodynamic therapy. Moreover, large amounts of reactive oxygen species could reduce the expression of heat shock proteins and increase the heat sensitivity of tumor cells, thereby improving the photothermal treatment effect. In turn, hyperthermia caused by photothermal therapy accelerated the production of reactive oxygen species in photodynamic therapy. IR780 selectively accumulation in mitochondria also promoted tumor apoptosis. In this system, the mutual promotion of photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy/sonodynamic therapy had an enhanced therapeutic effect. Moreover, the responsive degradable characteristic of PDA–MnO2-IR780 in the tumor microenvironment ensured excellent biological safety. These results reveal a great potential of PDA–MnO2-IR780 for safe and highly-efficiency synergistic therapy for cancer.

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Wang, Xiao, Shuanghao Zheng, Feng Zhou, Jieqiong Qin, Xiaoyu Shi, Sen Wang, Chenglin Sun, Xinhe Bao, and Zhong-Shuai Wu. "Scalable fabrication of printed Zn//MnO2 planar micro-batteries with high volumetric energy density and exceptional safety." National Science Review 7, no. 1 (June 11, 2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz070.

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Abstract The rapid development of printed and microscale electronics imminently requires compatible micro-batteries (MBs) with high performance, applicable scalability, and exceptional safety, but faces great challenges from the ever-reported stacked geometry. Herein the first printed planar prototype of aqueous-based, high-safety Zn//MnO2 MBs, with outstanding performance, aesthetic diversity, flexibility and modularization, is demonstrated, based on interdigital patterns of Zn ink as anode and MnO2 ink as cathode, with high-conducting graphene ink as a metal-free current collector, fabricated by an industrially scalable screen-printing technique. The planar separator-free Zn//MnO2 MBs, tested in neutral aqueous electrolyte, deliver a high volumetric capacity of 19.3 mAh/cm3 (corresponding to 393 mAh/g) at 7.5 mA/cm3, and notable volumetric energy density of 17.3 mWh/cm3, outperforming lithium thin-film batteries (≤10 mWh/cm3). Furthermore, our Zn//MnO2 MBs present long-term cyclability having a high capacity retention of 83.9% after 1300 cycles at 5 C, which is superior to stacked Zn//MnO2 batteries previously reported. Also, Zn//MnO2 planar MBs exhibit exceptional flexibility without observable capacity decay under serious deformation, and remarkably serial and parallel integration of constructing bipolar cells with high voltage and capacity output. Therefore, low-cost, environmentally benign Zn//MnO2 MBs with in-plane geometry possess huge potential as high-energy, safe, scalable and flexible microscale power sources for direction integration with printed electronics.

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Yan, Ziyu, Xuemei Zhang, Yifan Liu, Yiming Shen, Ning Li, Qiang Jia, Yanhui Ji, Peitao Zhang, Li Zhao, and Zhaowei Meng. "HSA-MnO₂-¹³¹I Combined Imaging and Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 21 (January 2022): 153303382211065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330338221106557.

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Purpose Compelling evidence suggests that nanoparticles (NPs) play a crucial role in cancer therapy. NPs templated with human serum albumin (HSA) has good retention in tumors. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) has been used to enhance the effect of radiotherapy. In this study, synthesized NPs using HSA-MnO2 labeled 131I to perform both imaging and therapy for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Method HSA-MnO2 was synthesized via HSA using a simple biomineralization method, and then labeled with Na131I by the chloramine T method. The cytotoxicity and biosafety of HSA-MnO2 were evaluated by the MTT test. The proliferation-inhibiting effect of HSA-MnO2-131I was evaluated in papillary thyroid cancer cell lines (K1, BCPAP, and KTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines (Cal62, THJ16T, and ARO). For further translational application in medicine, we established a model of transplantable subcutaneously tumors in BALB\c-nu mice to assess the anti-tumor effect of HSA-MnO2-131I. The imaging effects of NPs were evaluated by MRI and SPECT/CT. Results The MTT test proved that the HSA-MnO2 had low toxicity. HSA-MnO2-131I significantly inhibited the proliferation of PTC and ATC cell lines. In addition, the results unveiled that HSA-MnO2-131I exhibited dual-modality MR/SPECT imaging for thyroid cancer visualization. In particular, HSA-MnO2-131I had an enhanced T1 signal in MR. Using SPECT/CT, we observed that HSA-MnO2-131I had good retention in tumor tissue, which was helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. In vivo assays indicated that the NPs led to a reduction in radioresistance in the tumor hypoxic microenvironment. Conclusion The nanomaterial had a simple synthesis method, good water solubility and biosafety, and good retention in tumor tissue. Hence, it could be used for SPECT/CT and MR dual mode imaging and therapy with radioiodine of tumor cells. The experimental results provided a feasible solution for combining radiotherapy and dual-model imaging by NPs for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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Wang, Yuyang, Guangxu Hu, Dayu Zheng, Jing Dong, and Jing Wang. "High-Capacitance Manganese Dioxide Oxide/Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Felt as a Bioanode for Enhanced Energy Output in Microbial Fuel Cells." Coatings 13, no. 6 (June 4, 2023): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13061043.

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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology can potentially recover bioelectricity from wastewater. However, its practical applications have been limited because of its low power density and since the energy generated from an MFC cannot be stored. In this study, manganese dioxide (MnO2) coupled with carbon nanotubes (CNT) was chosen to in situ modify carbon felt (CF) as a capacitive bioanode (CF/CNT/MnO2) to improve the power generation and energy storage of MFCs. The maximum power density of the MFC with the MnO2-CNT-modified bioanode reached 3471.6 mW m3, which was 1.96 times higher than that of the CF/CNT anode (1772.6 mW m−3). During the experiment of charging for 30 min and discharging for 30 min, the MFC with a capacitive bioanode had a total charge of 8777.1 C m−2, 2.74 times higher than that of the CF/CNT anode. The excellent electricity-producing and energy storage performance of the MFC equipped with the CF/CNT/MnO2 anode is attributed to the composite materials, which can be due to their better biocompatibility, large capacitance, and high specific surface area. This study provides a new way to improve the performance of electricity generation and energy storage of MFCs.

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Khera, Jatin, Arvinder Singh, SatishK Mandal, and Amreesh Chandra. "MnO2 Nanoparticles as Efficient Catalyst in Fuel Cells." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 1067–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2013.1402.

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Lam, Binh Thi Xuan, Phung My Loan Le, and Thoa Thi Phuong Nguyen. "STUDY ON LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE SPINEL SYSTEM AS CATHODE MATERIALS FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERY: SYNTHESIS, MORPHOLOGICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS." Science and Technology Development Journal 12, no. 10 (May 28, 2009): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v12i10.2301.

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Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) spinel compounds were synthesized by melting impregnation method using manganese dioxide (MnO2) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3). Four sources of MnO2 raw materials were used: a commercial electrochemical manganese dioxide (EMD) supplied by Pin Con O factory; EMD thermal pretreated (EMDt); and MnO2 synthesized chemically (CMD) by oxidation of MnSO4 solution with K2S2O, and EMD synthesized in our laboratory. The effect of the MnO2 materials on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of LiMn2O4 is investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical measurements. The charge-discharge cycling behavior in Swagelok model of lithium-ion cells, using synthesized LiMn2O4 as cathode, lithium metal as anode and LiPF6 as electrolyte with Whatman glass separator, showed that the spinels from thermal treated EMDt and CMD gave higher (3100 mAh/g) and more stable values of specific capacity than the spinels from non-treated EMD.

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Chen, Jen-Jeng, and Hsuan-Hsien Yeh. "Comparison of the effects of ozone and permanganate preoxidation on algae flocculation." Water Supply 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.796.

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This study examined how ozone and permanganate preoxidation affect flocculation of Chodatella sp. cultures. Ozone caused cells release of extracellular organic matter (EOM) into the bulk water and altered the cell wall structure, detrimentally affecting algae flocculation. However, permanganate stressed cells, causing them to secrete EOM on cell surfaces, which can improve the absorbability of MnO2 during algae flocculation. In the presence of calcium, algae flocculation after permanganate preoxidation was appreciably increased due to Ca2 + functioning as a bridging agent between MnO2 and EOM. Algae flocculation was not enhanced in the presence of calcium after ozone preoxidation.

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Ahmad, Azizah Hanom, Ri Hanum Yahaya Subban, R. Zakaria, and A. M. M. Ali. "Comparative Studies on Li/LiI-Li₂WO₄-Li₃PO₄/Metal Oxide Electrochemical Cells." Materials Science Forum 517 (June 2006): 275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.517.275.

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A series of experiment has been carried out to study the electrochemical performances of lithium primary cells using different cathode materials. The cathode material was made of metal oxide, electrolyte, activated carbon, and PVdF with a wt. ratio of 60: 20:10:10. PVdF was added as a binder. The metal oxides used are MnO2 and V2O5. The anode was made up of lithium metal and LiI-Li2WO4-Li3PO4 compound is used as an electrolyte. In this work the open circuit voltage (OCV) of Li/MnO2 and Li/V2O5 obtained is about 3.0 V and 3.2 V respectively. This shows that LiI-Li2WO4-Li3PO4 compound is lithium ion conductor. Lithium cell showed better performance at 100º C than at room temperature. Among these two types of cells investigated, cell Li/V2O5 worked better than the Li/MnO2 cell at room temperature and at 100°C as this cell exhibits the longest continuous discharge time and the highest OCV.

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Fleischer, Niles A., and Ronald J. Ekern. "Galvanic Action Between MnO2 ‐ Metal Couples and Its Effect on the Discharge of Li / MnO2 Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 132, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2113742.

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Kędzierski, Tomasz, Daria Baranowska, Damian Bęben, Beata Zielińska, Xuecheng Chen, and Ewa Mijowska. "Flexible Films as Anode Materials Based on rGO and TiO2/MnO2 in Li-Ion Batteries Free of Non-Active Agents." Energies 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 8168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238168.

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Recently, to meet the growing demand for stable and flexible batteries, anodes in the form of thin films have drawn the attention of researchers. It is clear that mass production of such batteries would bring the worldwide distribution of flexible devices and wearable electronics closer. Currently, electrodes are deposited on a flexible substrate and consist of conductive and binding agents that increase the volume/weight of the electrode. Here, we propose free-standing and non-active-material-free thin films based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) as working electrodes in lithium-ion half-cells prepared via the vacuum-assisted filtration method. The electrochemical performance of the assembled half-cells exhibited good cyclic stability and a reversible capacity at lower current densities. The addition of TiO2 and MnO2 improved the capacity of the rGO film, while rGO itself provided a stable rate performance. rGO/TiO2/MnO2 film showed the highest discharge capacity (483 mAh/g at 50 mA/g). In addition, all assembled cells displayed excellent repeatability and reversibility in cyclic voltammetry measurements and good lithium-ion diffusion through the electrolyte, SEI layer and the active material itself.

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Walanda, Daud K. "KINETIC TRANSFORMATION OF SPINEL TYPE LiMnLiMn₂O₄ INTO TUNNEL TYPE MnO₂." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 2 (June 20, 2010): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21685.

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Lithiated phase LiMn2O4 is a potential cathode material for high-energy batteries because it can be used in conjunction with suitable carbon anode materials to produce so-called lithium ion cells. The kinetic transformation of LiMn2O4 into manganese dioxide (MnO2) in sulphuric acid has been studied. It is assumed that the conversion of LiMn2O4 into R-MnO2 is a first order autocatalytic reaction. The transformation actually proceeds through the spinel l-MnO2 as an intermediate species which is then converted into gamma phase of manganese dioxide. In this reaction LiMn2O4 whose structure spinel type, which is packing between tetrahedral coordination and octahedral coordination, is converted to form octahedral tunnel structure of manganese dioxide, which is probably regarded as a reconstructive octahedral-coordination transformation. Therefore, it is a desire to investigate the transformation of manganese oxides in solid state chemistry by analysing XRD powder patterns. Due to the reactions involving solids, concentrations of reactant and product are approached with the expression of peak areas. Keywords: high-energy battery, lithium ion cells, kinetic transformation

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Istiqomah, Markus Diantoro, Yusril Al Fath, Nasikhudin, and Worawat Meevasana. "Activated Carbon-MnO₂ Composite on Nickel Foam as Supercapacitors Electrode in Organic Electrolyte." E3S Web of Conferences 400 (2023): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340001014.

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Since energy storage is an essential component of global energy development, starting with batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors, it is an important topic of particular concern. Supercapacitors continue to be developed due to their high power density when compared to batteries, despite all of the benefits and drawbacks of the three. Activated carbon (AC) is materials that frequently utilized as a supercapacitor electrode due to the high surface area. Metal oxides such as manganese dioxide (MnO2) with high teoritical specific capacitance which loaded in activated carbon will caused an improvement on supercapacitors electrochemical performance. The composite was fabricated using blending method with a mass difference of MnO2, then deposited on a porous Ni-foam substrate. Ni-foam pores play as main role on the process of transferring electrolyte ions in the system so that the AC/MnO2 has, resulting a supercapacitor based AC-MnO2 15% nanocomposite with a gravimetric capacitance, energy density and power density of 79 F/g at 1 A/g, W/kg and Wh/kg respectively. The cell could maintain up to 93% after 100 cycles.

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Mekhalfi, H., N. Chelali, S. Benhamimid, O. M. Laib, B. Nessark, and A. Bahloul. "Recycling of manganese dioxide from spent Zn–MnO2 cells." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 88, no. 5 (May 2015): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427215050249.

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Sleigh, A. K., and W. R. McKinnon. "A study of relaxation processes in LiMnO2 cells." Electrochimica Acta 35, no. 11-12 (November 1990): 1849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(90)87089-k.

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Zhao, Qing, Michael J. Zachman, Wajdi I. Al Sadat, Jingxu Zheng, Lena F. Kourkoutis, and Lynden Archer. "Solid electrolyte interphases for high-energy aqueous aluminum electrochemical cells." Science Advances 4, no. 11 (November 2018): eaau8131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau8131.

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Electrochemical cells based on aluminum (Al) are of long-standing interest because Al is earth abundant, low cost, and chemically inert. The trivalent Al3+ ions also offer among the highest volume-specific charge storage capacities (8040 mAh cm−3), approximately four times larger than achievable for Li metal anodes. Rapid and irreversible formation of a high-electrical bandgap passivating Al2O3 oxide film on Al have, to date, frustrated all efforts to create aqueous Al-based electrochemical cells with high reversibility. Here, we investigate the interphases formed on metallic Al in contact with ionic liquid (IL)–eutectic electrolytes and find that artificial solid electrolyte interphases (ASEIs) formed spontaneously on the metal permanently transform its interfacial chemistry. The resultant IL-ASEIs are further shown to enable aqueous Al electrochemical cells with unprecedented reversibility. As an illustration of the potential benefits of these interphases, we create simple Al||MnO2 aqueous cells and report that they provide high specific energy (approximately 500 Wh/kg, based on MnO2 mass in the cathode) and intrinsic safety features required for applications.

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Shin, Sung-Won, Wooju Jung, Changhoon Choi, Shin-Yeong Kim, Arang Son, Hakyoung Kim, Nohyun Lee, and Hee Park. "Fucoidan-Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles Potentiate Radiation Therapy by Co-Targeting Tumor Hypoxia and Angiogenesis." Marine Drugs 16, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16120510.

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Tumor hypoxia is a major mechanism of resistance to radiation therapy (RT), which is associated with poor prognosis in affected cancer patients. Various approaches to treat hypoxic and radioresistant cancers, including pancreatic cancer, have shown limited success. Fucoidan, a polysaccharide from brown seaweed, has antitumor and antiangiogenesis activities. Here, we discuss the development of fucoidan-coated manganese dioxide nanoparticles (Fuco-MnO2-NPs) and testing of the therapeutic potential with RT using pancreatic cancer models. In vitro data showed that Fuco-MnO2-NPs generated oxygen efficiently in the presence of H2O2 and substantially suppressed HIF-1 expression under a hypoxic condition in human pancreatic cancer cells. Fuco-MnO2-NPs reversed hypoxia-induced radioresistance by decreasing clonogenic survival and increasing DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in response to RT. In a BxPC3 xenograft mouse model, the combination treatment with Fuco-MnO2-NPs and RT resulted in a greater tumor growth delay than RT alone. Fucoidan-coated NPs, but not naked ones, further suppressed tumor angiogenesis, as judged by immunohistochemistry data with diminished expression of phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and CD31. These data suggest that Fuco-MnO2-NPs may potentiate the effects of RT via dual targeting of tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis, and they are of great clinical potential in the treatment of hypoxic, radioresistant pancreatic cancer.

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HATTA, F. F., T. I. T. KUDIN, R. H. Y. SUBBAN, A. M. M. ALI, M. K. HARUN, and M. Z. A. YAHYA. "PLASTICIZED PVA/PVP–KOH ALKALINE SOLID POLYMER BLEND ELECTROLYTE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS." Functional Materials Letters 02, no. 03 (September 2009): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179360470900065x.

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Solid polymer electrolytes comprising a blend of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) with different concentration of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as ionic dopant were prepared using a solution–casting technique. The conductivity was enhanced to (1.5 ± 1.1) × 10-4 S cm -1 when 40 wt.% KOH was added. The highest conductivity exhibited when 20 wt.% ethylene carbonate (EC) and 30 wt.% propylene carbonate (PC) was added into the PVA/PVP–KOH sample electrolytes. Conductivity–temperature dependence of the plasticized samples was established to obey an Arrhenian relationship with the activation energy of the order of 0.08–0.4 eV, depending on the plasticizer concentration. Electrochemical cells of Zn|PVA/PVP–KOH + EC|MnO2 and Zn|PVA/PVP–KOH + PC|MnO2 have been fabricated. The discharge characteristics of the cells are considered under a constant current of 1 mA. The open circuit voltage (OCV) and discharge capacity of the cells are measured.

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Subagio, Agus, Priyono, Pardoyo, Aswardi, R. Yudianti, A. Subhan, and E. Taer. "AC-MnO₂-CNT Composites for Electrodes of Electrochemical Supercapacitors." Materials Science Forum 827 (August 2015): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.827.113.

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Electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors were fabricated by doctor blade method of composite of activated carbon (AC), MnO2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The AC-MnO2-CNTs composites were synthesized by solution processing method with pH variation of 3, 7 and 11. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. The XRD pattern shown the crystalline structure and the SEM image observed that the distribution of CNTs was homogeneous between carbon particles. The electrodes were fabricated for supercapacitor cells with 316L stainless steel as current collector and 1 M Na2SO4 as electrolyte. An electrochemical characterization was performed by using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method using a LCR Hi-Tester HIOKI 3522 instrument and the results showed an increase in the value of specific capacitance at the AC-MnO2-CNT on the acid reaction condition.

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Duan, Lu-Ying, Jin-Wen Liu, Ru-Qin Yu, and Jian-Hui Jiang. "Boronate carbon nanoparticles featuring efficient FRET for activatable two-photon fluorescence imaging of sialic acid surface-abundant tumor cells." Analyst 146, no. 18 (2021): 5567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1an01155c.

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Vijayakumar, Vidyanand, Arun Torris, Maria Kurian, Megha Mary Mathew, Meena Ghosh, Ajay B. Khairnar, Manohar V. Badiger, and Sreekumar Kurungot. "A sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol ionomer membrane favoring smooth electrodeposition of zinc for aqueous rechargeable zinc metal batteries." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, no. 21 (2021): 5557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se00865j.

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Sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol ionomer membrane for aqueous rechargeable zinc-metal batteries shows its superiority over the non-ionomer counterpart, ensuring smooth Zn electrodeposition and better cycling stability in MnO2‖Zn cells.

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Liu, Xinyu, Meron Tsegay Kifle, Hongxin Xie, Liexi Xu, Maoling Luo, Yangyi Li, Zhengrong Huang, Yan Gong, Yuzhou Wu, and Conghua Xie. "Biomineralized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Synergistically Relieve Tumor Hypoxia and Activate Immune Response with Radiotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183138.

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Radiotherapy (RT) is currently considered as an essential treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); it can induce cell death directly and indirectly via promoting systemic immune responses. However, there still exist obstacles that affect the efficacy of RT such as tumor hypoxia and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we report that the biomineralized manganese oxide nanoparticles (Bio-MnO2 NPs) prepared by mild enzymatic reaction could be a promising candidate to synergistically enhance RT and RT-induced immune responses by relieving tumor hypoxia and activating cGAS-STING pathway. Bio-MnO2 NPs could convert endogenic H2O2 to O2 and catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species so as to sensitize the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, the release of Mn2+ into the TME significantly enhanced the cGAS-STING activity to activate radio-immune responses, boosting immunogenic cell death and increasing cytotoxic T cell infiltration. Collectively, this work presents the great promise of TME reversal with Bio-MnO2 NPs to collaborate RT-induced antitumor immune responses in NSCLC.

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Zhang, Huanli, Wei Ma, Zhiqiang Wang, Xiaodan Wu, Hui Zhang, Wen Fang, Rui Yan, and Yingxue Jin. "Self-Supply Oxygen ROS Reactor via Fenton-like Reaction and Modulating Glutathione for Amplified Cancer Therapy Effect." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 2509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142509.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxidant molecules that can kill cancer cells through irreversible damage to biomacromolecules. ROS-mediated cancer therapies, such as chemodynamic (CDT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), are often limited by the hypoxia tumor microenvironment (TME) with high glutathione (GSH) level. This paper reported the preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo antitumor bioactivity of a meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP)-based therapeutic nanoplatform (CMMFTP) to overcome the limitations of TME. Using Cu2+ as the central ion and TCPP as the ligand, the 2D metal-organic framework Cu-TCPP was synthesized by the solvothermal method, then CMMFTP was prepared by modifying MnO2, folic acid (FA), triphenylphosphine (TPP), and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) on the surface of Cu-TCPP MOFs. CMMFTP was designed as a self-oxygenating ROS nanoreactor based on the PDT process of TCPP MOFs and the CDT process by Cu(II) and MnO2 components (mainly through Fenton-like reaction). The in vitro assay suggested CMMFTP caused a 96% lethality rate against Hela cells (MTT analysis) in specific response to TME stimulation. Moreover, the Cu(II) and MnO2 in CMMFTP efficiently depleted the glutathione (80%) in tumor cells and consequently amplified ROS levels to improve CDT/PDT effects. The FA-induced tumor targeting and TPP-induced mitochondria targeting further enhanced the antitumor activity. Therefore, the nanoreactor based on dual targeting and self-oxygenation-enhanced ROS mechanism provided a new strategy for cancer therapy.

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Yeduvaka, Gowri, Robert Spotnitz, and Kevin Gering. "Macro-homogenous Modeling of Commercial, Primary Li/MnO2 Coin Cells." ECS Transactions 19, no. 16 (December 18, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3245867.

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41

Marple, J. W. "Performance characteristics of Li/MnO2-CFx hybrid cathode jellyroll cells." Journal of Power Sources 19, no. 4 (April 1987): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(87)87008-8.

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Lin, Gang, Xiaoliang Zhou, Limin Liu, Huangmin Li, Di Huang, Jing Liu, Jie Li, and Zhaohuan Wei. "Performance improvement of aqueous zinc batteries by zinc oxide and Ketjen black co-modified glass fiber separators." RSC Advances 13, no. 10 (2023): 6453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07745k.

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Co-modification of ZnO and KB is effective in improving the electrochemical performance of the cells. When the rate of ZnO and KB equals 6 : 3 in mass, the modified Zn//Zn and Zn//MnO2 showed excellent electrochemical performance.

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Wang, Xiaoyu, and Guanqun Chen. "Localized Hyperthermia Induced by Biogenic Synthesized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles from Cannabis Sativa for Glioblastoma Photothermal Therapy." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 18, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 1443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2022.3349.

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Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and fast-growing types of cancers which required sophisticated and effective therapeutic methods. In this work, we synthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) using a green synthesis approach. In this process, an aqueous extract of Cannabis sativa (CS) leaves was used as the reacting medium and reducing agent of manganese acetate. The characterizations showed that the synthesized NPs have a diameter of 25–35 nm and high purity. The thermal generating studies showed that the combination of the synthesized biogenic MnO2 NPs with near-infrared laser (NIR, 808 nm) produce considerable heat in a concentration and power density-dependent manner. In vitro studies revealed that the NPs are cytocompatible in concentration up to 80 μg/mL and induce negligible toxicity (p < 0.1). On the other hand, the treatment-induced considerably cell death on C6 glioma cells in an optimum concentration and generated heat (p < 0.05). This study showed the CS extract can synthesis MnO2 NPs and the synthesized NPs can be applied as the effective photothermal agent.

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Cho, Jungsang, Gautam Ganapati Yadav, Meir Weiner, Jinchao Huang, Aditya Upreti, Xia Wei, Roman Yakobov, et al. "Hydroxyl Conducting Hydrogels Enable Low-Maintenance Commercially Sized Rechargeable Zn–MnO2 Batteries for Use in Solar Microgrids." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030417.

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Zinc (Zn)–manganese dioxide (MnO2) rechargeable batteries have attracted research interest because of high specific theoretical capacity as well as being environmentally friendly, intrinsically safe and low-cost. Liquid electrolytes, such as potassium hydroxide, are historically used in these batteries; however, many failure mechanisms of the Zn–MnO2 battery chemistry result from the use of liquid electrolytes, including the formation of electrochemically inert phases such as hetaerolite (ZnMn2O4) and the promotion of shape change of the Zn electrode. This manuscript reports on the fundamental and commercial results of gel electrolytes for use in rechargeable Zn–MnO2 batteries as an alternative to liquid electrolytes. The manuscript also reports on novel properties of the gelled electrolyte such as limiting the overdischarge of Zn anodes, which is a problem in liquid electrolyte, and finally its use in solar microgrid applications, which is a first in academic literature. Potentiostatic and galvanostatic tests with the optimized gel electrolyte showed higher capacity retention compared to the tests with the liquid electrolyte, suggesting that gel electrolyte helps reduce Mn3+ dissolution and zincate ion migration from the Zn anode, improving reversibility. Cycling tests for commercially sized prismatic cells showed the gel electrolyte had exceptional cycle life, showing 100% capacity retention for >700 cycles at 9.5 Ah and for >300 cycles at 19 Ah, while the 19 Ah prismatic cell with a liquid electrolyte showed discharge capacity degradation at 100th cycle. We also performed overdischarge protection tests, in which a commercialized prismatic cell with the gel electrolyte was discharged to 0 V and achieved stable discharge capacities, while the liquid electrolyte cell showed discharge capacity fade in the first few cycles. Finally, the gel electrolyte batteries were tested under IEC solar off-grid protocol. It was noted that the gelled Zn–MnO2 batteries outperformed the Pb–acid batteries. Additionally, a designed system nameplated at 2 kWh with a 12 V system with 72 prismatic cells was tested with the same protocol, and it has entered its third year of cycling. This suggests that Zn–MnO2 rechargeable batteries with the gel electrolyte will be an ideal candidate for solar microgrid systems and grid storage in general.

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Muddemann, Thorben, Dennis Haupt, Bolong Jiang, Michael Sievers, and Ulrich Kunz. "Investigation and Improvement of Scalable Oxygen Reducing Cathodes for Microbial Fuel Cells by Spray Coating." Processes 8, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010011.

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This contribution describes the effect of the quality of the catalyst coating of cathodes for wastewater treatment by microbial fuel cells (MFC). The increase in coating quality led to a strong increase in MFC performance in terms of peak power density and long-term stability. This more uniform coating was realized by an airbrush coating method for applying a self-developed polymeric solution containing different catalysts (MnO2, MoS2, Co3O4). In addition to the possible automation of the presented coating, this method did not require a calcination step. A cathode coated with catalysts, for instance, MnO2/MoS2 (weight ratio 2:1), by airbrush method reached a peak and long-term power density of 320 and 200–240 mW/m2, respectively, in a two-chamber MFC. The long-term performance was approximately three times higher than a cathode with the same catalyst system but coated with the former paintbrush method on a smaller cathode surface area. This extraordinary increase in MFC performance confirmed the high impact of catalyst coating quality, which could be stronger than variations in catalyst concentration and composition, as well as in cathode surface area.

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Zhang, Luman, Xuan Zhang, Jian Wang, David Seveno, Jan Fransaer, Jean-Pierre Locquet, and Jin Won Seo. "Carbon Nanotube Fibers Decorated with MnO2 for Wire-Shaped Supercapacitor." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 3479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113479.

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Fibers made from CNTs (CNT fibers) have the potential to form high-strength, lightweight materials with superior electrical conductivity. CNT fibers have attracted great attention in relation to various applications, in particular as conductive electrodes in energy applications, such as capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and solar cells. Among these, wire-shaped supercapacitors demonstrate various advantages for use in lightweight and wearable electronics. However, making electrodes with uniform structures and desirable electrochemical performances still remains a challenge. In this study, dry-spun CNT fibers from CNT carpets were homogeneously loaded with MnO2 nanoflakes through the treatment of KMnO4. These functionalized fibers were systematically characterized in terms of their morphology, surface and mechanical properties, and electrochemical performance. The resulting MnO2–CNT fiber electrode showed high specific capacitance (231.3 F/g) in a Na2SO4 electrolyte, 23 times higher than the specific capacitance of the bare CNT fibers. The symmetric wire-shaped supercapacitor composed of CNT–MnO2 fiber electrodes and a PVA/H3PO4 electrolyte possesses an energy density of 86 nWh/cm and good cycling performance. Combined with its light weight and high flexibility, this CNT-based wire-shaped supercapacitor shows promise for applications in flexible and wearable energy storage devices.

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Woon, Chee Wai, Huei Ruey Ong, Kwok Feng Chong, Kar Min Chan, and Md Maksudur Rahman Khan. "MnO2/CNT as ORR Electrocatalyst in Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells." Procedia Chemistry 16 (2015): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2015.12.003.

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Zhang, G. Q., and X. G. Zhang. "MnO2/MCMB electrocatalyst for all solid-state alkaline zinc-air cells." Electrochimica Acta 49, no. 6 (March 2004): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2003.09.039.

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Valipour, Alireza, Nazanin Hamnabard, Seyed Mohammad Hadi Meshkati, Mahyar Pakan, and Young-Ho Ahn. "Effectiveness of phase- and morphology-controlled MnO2 nanomaterials derived from flower-like δ-MnO2 as alternative cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 16 (2019): 5429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt00520j.

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Crystal phase and morphology variations obtained by simple high-temperature annealing offer promising strategies for employing nanostructured manganese oxide as a cathode catalyst for microbial fuel cells (MFCs).

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Myers, Judith M., and Charles R. Myers. "Genetic Complementation of an Outer Membrane Cytochrome omcB Mutant of Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 Requires omcB Plus Downstream DNA." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 6 (June 2002): 2781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.2781-2793.2002.

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ABSTRACT Anaerobically grown cells of the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 contain multiple outer membrane (OM) cytochromes. A gene replacement mutant (strain OMCB1) lacking the OM cytochrome OmcB is markedly deficient in the reduction of MnO2 and exhibits reduced rates of Fe(III) reduction. The levels of other OM cytochromes are also decreased in OMCB1. Complementation of OMCB1 with wild-type omcB did not restore any of these defects. However, a 21-kb genomic fragment from MR-1, which included omcB and 19 kb of downstream DNA, fully restored MnO2 and Fe(III) reduction and the full complement of OM cytochromes to OMCB1. A 14.7-kb DNA fragment, including omcB and 12 kb of downstream DNA, provided only a modest increase in MnO2 reduction and OM cytochrome content, but it fully restored Fe(III) citrate reduction and partially restored FeOOH reduction. While omcB mRNA was readily detected in this complement, the OmcB protein was not detected in any cellular compartment. The restoration of Fe(III) reduction despite the absence of OmcB suggests that OmcB itself is not required for Fe(III) reduction. Another OM cytochrome, OmcA, was mislocalized to the cytoplasmic membrane of OMCB1. Only the 21-kb genomic fragment was able to restore proper localization of OmcA to the OM. This 21-kb fragment does not contain omcA, but it does contain several open reading frames (ORFs) downstream from omcB. The most downstream of these ORFs (altA) encodes a putative AraC-like transcriptional regulator. However, a gene replacement mutant of altA resembled the wild type with respect to MnO2 reduction, OM cytochrome content, and the localization of OmcA and OmcB to the OM. Since OMCB1 continues to express genes immediately downstream from omcB, the lack of expression of this downstream DNA does not explain its phenotype or the need for the large complementing fragment. The results suggest that the DNA downstream of omcB must be present in cis in order to restore Fe(III) reduction, MnO2 reduction, OM cytochrome content, and the localization of OmcA and OmcB to the OM.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Na/MnO2 Cells'

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