Journal articles: 'Na-ion batteries (NIBs)'

1

Zhou, You, Ming Zhao, Zhi Wen Chen, Xiang Mei Shi, and Qing Jiang. "Potential application of 2D monolayer β-GeSe as an anode material in Na/K ion batteries." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 48 (2018): 30290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp05484c.

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Karatrantos, Argyrios, and Qiong Cai. "Effects of pore size and surface charge on Na ion storage in carbon nanopores." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 44 (2016): 30761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp04611h.

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Ali, Ghulam, Si Hyoung Oh, Se Young Kim, Ji Young Kim, Byung Won Cho, and Kyung Yoon Chung. "An open-framework iron fluoride and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite as a high-capacity cathode material for Na-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 19 (2015): 10258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta00643k.

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Hu, Fang, Di Xie, Fuhan Cui, Dongxu Zhang, and Guihong Song. "Synthesis and electrochemical performance of NaV3O8 nanobelts for Li/Na-ion batteries and aqueous zinc-ion batteries." RSC Advances 9, no. 36 (2019): 20549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04339j.

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Compared to the electrochemical performance for LIBs and NIBs, NaV₃O₈ nanobelts electrode for ZIBs shows excellent electrochemical performance, including high specific capacity of 421 mA h g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹, good rate performance and cycle performance.

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Xie, Fei, Yaxiang Lu, Liquan Chen, and Yong-Sheng Hu. "Recent Progress in Presodiation Technique for High-Performance Na-Ion Batteries." Chinese Physics Letters 38, no. 11 (December 1, 2021): 118401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/38/11/118401.

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Na-ion batteries (NIBs) have been attracting growing interests in recent years with the increasing demand of energy storage owing to their dependence on more abundant Na than Li. The exploration of the industrialization of NIBs is also on the march, where some challenges are still limiting its step. For instance, the relatively low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of anode can cause undesired energy density loss in the full cell. In addition to the strategies from the sight of materials design that to improve the capacity and ICE of electrodes, presodiation technique is another important method to efficiently offset the irreversible capacity and enhance the energy density. Meanwhile, the slow release of the extra Na during the cycling is able to improve the cycling stability. In this review, we would like to provide a general insight of presodiation technique for high-performance NIBs. The recent research progress including the principles and strategies of presodiation will be introduced, and some remaining challenges as well as our perspectives will be discussed. This review aims to exhibit the basic knowledge of presodiation to inspire the researchers for future studies.

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Weng, Yu-Ting, Tzu-Yang Huang, Chek-Hai Lim, Pei-Sian Shao, Sunny Hy, Chao-Yen Kuo, Ju-Hsiang Cheng, Bing-Joe Hwang, Jyh-Fu Lee, and Nae-Lih Wu. "An unexpected large capacity of ultrafine manganese oxide as a sodium-ion battery anode." Nanoscale 7, no. 47 (2015): 20075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr07100c.

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Bouibes, Amine, Norio Takenaka, Kei Kubota, Shinichi Komaba, and Masataka Nagaoka. "Development of advanced electrolytes in Na-ion batteries: application of the Red Moon method for molecular structure design of the SEI layer." RSC Advances 12, no. 2 (2022): 971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07333h.

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Cheng, Zishuang, Xiaoming Zhang, Hui Zhang, Jianbo Gao, Heyan Liu, Xiao Yu, Xuefang Dai, Guodong Liu, and Guifeng Chen. "Pentagonal B2C monolayer with extremely high theoretical capacity for Li-/Na-ion batteries." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 10 (2021): 6278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp06363k.

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Zhang, Qiangqiang, Xing Shen, Quan Zhou, Kaixuan Li, Feixiang Ding, Yaxiang Lu, Junmei Zhao, Liquan Chen, and Yong-Sheng Hu. "Large Scale One-Pot Synthesis of Monodispersed Na₃(VOPO₄)₂F Cathode for Na-Ion Batteries." Energy Material Advances 2022 (February 8, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9828020.

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Na-ion batteries (NIBs) have received significant interest as potential candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to the widespread distribution of sodium and superior low-temperature performance. However, their commercial application is usually hindered by the high production cost and inadequate performance for electrode materials, particularly for cathodes. Na3(VOPO4)2F (NVOPF) has been recognized as one of the most promising cathodes for high-energy NIBs owing to the high working voltage and energy density. Here, we report a facile highly efficient room-temperature solution protocol for large-scale synthesis of NVOPF cathode for NIBs. By simply regulating pH, NVOPF can be obtained, which delivered a discharge capacity of 120.2 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C and 72% capacity retention over 8000 cycles at 25 C. Besides, the kilogram-level NVOPF products have been synthesized, and 26650 cylindrical cells were fabricated, which exhibit excellent cycling stabilities, remarkable low-temperature performance with comparable safety features. We hope our findings could provide insights on the industrial application of NVOPF in NIBs.

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Song, Jinju, Sohyun Park, Jihyeon Gim, Vinod Mathew, Sungjin Kim, Jeonggeun Jo, Seokhun Kim, and Jaekook Kim. "High rate performance of a NaTi2(PO4)3/rGO composite electrode via pyro synthesis for sodium ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 20 (2016): 7815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02720b.

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The present study reports a highly rate capable NASICON-structured NaTi₂(PO₄)₃/reduced graphene oxide (NTP/rGO) composite electrode synthesized by polyol-assisted pyro synthesis for Na-ion batteries (NIBs).

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Darjazi, Hamideh, Antunes Staffolani, Leonardo Sbrascini, Luca Bottoni, Roberto Tossici, and Francesco Nobili. "Sustainable Anodes for Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries Based on Coffee Ground-Derived Hard Carbon and Green Binders." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 6216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236216.

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The reuse and recycling of products, leading to the utilization of wastes as key resources in a closed loop, is a great opportunity for the market in terms of added value and reduced environmental impact. In this context, producing carbonaceous anode materials starting from raw materials derived from food waste appears to be a possible approach to enhance the overall sustainability of the energy storage value chain, including Li-ion (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (NIBs). In this framework, we show the behavior of anodes for LIBs and NIBs prepared with coffee ground-derived hard carbon as active material, combined with green binders such as Na-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), alginate (Alg), or polyacrylic acid (PAA). In order to evaluate the effect of the various binders on the charge/discharge performance, structural and electrochemical investigations are carried out. The electrochemical characterization reveals that the alginate-based anode, used for NIBs, delivers much enhanced charge/discharge performance and capacity retention. On the other hand, the use of the CMC-based electrode as LIBs anode delivers the best performance in terms of discharge capacity, while the PAA-based electrode shows enhanced cycling stability. As a result, the utilization of anode materials derived from an abundant food waste, in synergy with the use of green binders and formulations, appears to be a viable opportunity for the development of efficient and sustainable Li-ion and Na-ion batteries.

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Lu, Huansheng, Bo Xu, Jing Shi, Musheng Wu, Yinquan Hu, and Chuying Ouyang. "Structural, electronic, sodium diffusion and elastic properties of Na–P alloy anode for Na-ion batteries: Insight from first-principles calculations." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 32n33 (November 30, 2016): 1650385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503851.

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Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have recently received great attentions because of the relatively high abundance of sodium. Searching for suitable anode materials has always been a hot topic in the field of NIB study. Recent reports show that phosphorus-based materials are potential as the anode materials for NIBs. Using first-principles calculations, herein, we study the atomic and electronic structures, diffusion dynamics and intrinsic elastic properties of various Na–P alloy compounds (NaP5, Na3P[Formula: see text], NaP and Na3P) as the intermediate phases during Na extraction/insertion in phosphorus-based anode materials. It is found that all the crystalline phases of Na–P alloy phases considered in our study are semiconductors with band gaps larger than that of black phosphorus (BP). The calculations of Na diffusion dynamics indicate a relatively fast Na diffusion in these materials, which is important for good rate performance. In addition, the diffusion channels of sodium ions are one-dimensional in NaP5 phase and three-dimensional in other three phases (Na3P[Formula: see text], NaP and Na3P). Elastic constant calculations indicate that all four phases are mechanically stable. Among them, however, NaP5, Na3P[Formula: see text] and NaP alloy phases are ductile, while the fully sodiated phase Na3P is brittle. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of Na–P alloy anodes for NIBs, thus, promoting ductility of Na–P phase with high sodium concentration may be an effective way.

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Yao, Yu, Yu Jiang, Hai Yang, Xizhen Sun, and Yan Yu. "Na3V2(PO4)3 coated by N-doped carbon from ionic liquid as cathode materials for high rate and long-life Na-ion batteries." Nanoscale 9, no. 30 (2017): 10880–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr03342g.

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A facile and simple hydrothermal assisted sol–gel route was developed to prepare nitrogen doped carbon coated Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ nanocomposites (denoted as NVP@C–N) as cathodes for sodium ion batteries (NIBs).

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Greco, G., and S. Passerini. "Sodium Induced Morphological Changes of Carbon Coated TiO2 Anatase Nanoparticles – High-Performance Materials for Na-Ion Batteries." MRS Advances 5, no. 43 (2020): 2221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.259.

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AbstractThe most promising candidate as an everyday alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). This is not only due to Na abundance, but also because the main principles and cell structure are very similar to LIBs. Due to these benefits, NIBs are expected to be used in applications related to large-scale energy storage systems and other applications not requiring top-performance in terms of volumetric capacity. One important issue that has hindered the large scale application of NIBs is the anode material. Graphite and silicon, which have been widely applied as anodes in NIBs, do not show great performance. Hard carbons look very promising in terms of their abundance and low cost, but they tend to suffer from instability, in particular over the long term. In this work we explore a carbon-coated TiO2 nanoparticle system that looks very promising in terms of stability, abundance, low-cost, and most importantly that safety of the cell, since it does not suffer from potential sodium plating during cycling. Maintaining a nano-size and consistent morphology of the active material is a crucial parameter for maintaining a well-functioning cell upon cycling. In this work we applied Anomalous Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (ASAXS) for the first time at the Ti K-edge of TiO2 anatase nanoparticles on different cycled composite electrodes in order to have a complete morphological overview of the modifications induced by sodiation and desodiation. This work also demonstrates for the first time that the nanosize of the TiO2 is maintained upon cycling, which is in agreement with the electrochemical stability.

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Yang, Qianqian, Jie Zhou, Genqiang Zhang, Cong Guo, Meng Li, Yongchun Zhu, and Yitai Qian. "Sb nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in 1-D N-doped porous carbon as anodes for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 24 (2017): 12144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta03060f.

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Pang, Gang, Ping Nie, Changzhou Yuan, Laifa Shen, Xiaogang Zhang, Hongsen Li, and Cunliang Zhang. "Mesoporous NaTi2(PO4)3/CMK-3 nanohybrid as anode for long-life Na-ion batteries." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 48 (2014): 20659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta04732j.

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NASICON-type NaTi₂(PO₄)₃nanoparticles with a size of ∼5 nm homogeneously embedded in mesoporous CMK-3 have been synthesized. Due to the unique structures, the electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performances as a potential anode for NIBs.

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Liu, Bo, Tianyu Gao, Peiguang Liao, Yufeng Wen, Mingjia Yao, Siqi Shi, and Wenqing Zhang. "Metallic VS2/graphene heterostructure as an ultra-high rate and high-specific capacity anode material for Li/Na-ion batteries." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 34 (2021): 18784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp02243a.

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Jiang, Yong, Min Wei, Jinkui Feng, Yuchen Ma, and Shenglin Xiong. "Enhancing the cycling stability of Na-ion batteries by bonding SnS2ultrafine nanocrystals on amino-functionalized graphene hybrid nanosheets." Energy & Environmental Science 9, no. 4 (2016): 1430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee03262h.

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An integrated composite tin sulfide bonded on an amino-functionalized graphene as a novel anode material for NIBs is reported. Tight contact with SnS₂nanocrystals and discharge products on the amino-functionalized graphene interface results in excellent electrochemical performance.

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Zuo, Wenhua, Guiliang Xu, and Khalil Amine. "The Air Stability of Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (October 9, 2022): 2594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272594mtgabs.

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Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) are listed as one of the ideal alternatives for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to the abundant sodium resources, cost-effective electrode materials of NIBs, and same architecture of NIBs to LIBs. To enable the practical implementation of NIBs, advanced cathodes with higher energy/power densities, better safety and cycle life, as well as lower cost are required. Layered lithium transition metal oxides (LiTMO2) are one of the most successful cathode materials for commercial LIBs. Similarly, layered sodium transition metal oxides (NaxTMO2, also termed as sodium layered oxides) are of particular interest for commercial NIBs owing to their high specific capacity, a wide variety of redox-active elements, and the possibility for the manufacturers to employ established synthesis processes as their lithium counterparts. Sodium layered oxides are built up by ordered stacking of alternate alkali-metal (Na+) layers and transition metal layers (TmO2). The two-dimensional structure makes them the natural hosts for alkali-metal ions and other ions or small molecules, such as H2O. Therefore, when exposed to moist atmospheres, layered oxide materials tend to react with H2O which adsorbed on their surface and thus deteriorate their structure and electrochemical performances. Accordingly, the air-sensitive sodium layered oxides should be well protected from the moist atmospheres, rendering a higher manufacturing and preservation cost. Here, based on the reaction mechanisms, critical influencing factors, and modification methods of layered oxides in moisture, we try to reach a comprehensive understanding of the air-stability of sodium layered oxides. Moreover, future efforts to resolve the air-stability of sodium layered oxides from Argonne National Laboratory will be also presented. References 1. Han, M. H.; Gonzalo, E.; Singh, G.; Rojo, T. A comprehensive review of sodium layered oxides: powerful cathodes for Na-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 81-102. 2. Zuo, W.; Qiu, J.; Liu, X.; Ren, F.; Liu, H.; He, H.; Luo, C.; Li, J.; Ortiz, G. F.; Duan, H.; Liu, J.; Wang, M. S.; Li, Y.; Fu, R.; Yang, Y. The stability of P2-layered sodium transition metal oxides in ambient atmospheres. Commun. 2020, 11, 3544. 3. Xu, G. L.; Liu, X.; Zhou, X.; Zhao, C.; Hwang, I.; Daali, A.; Yang, Z.; Ren, Y.; Sun, C. J.; Chen, Z.; Liu, Y.; Amine, K. Native lattice strain induced structural earthquake in sodium layered oxide cathodes. Commun. 2022, 13, 436. 4. Zuo, W.; Xiao, Z.; Zarrabeitia, M.; Xue, X.; Yang, Y.; Passerini, S. Guidelines for Air-Stable Lithium/Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes. ACS Materials Letters 2022, 4, 1074-1086. 5. Fu, F.; Liu, X.; Fu, X.; Chen, H.; Huang, L.; Fan, J.; Le, J.; Wang, Q.; Yang, W.; Ren, Y.; Amine, K.; Sun, S. G.; Xu, G. L. Entropy and crystal-facet modulation of P2-type layered cathodes for long-lasting sodium-based batteries. Commun. 2022, 13, 2826.

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Li, Meng, Fengbin Huang, Jin Pan, Luoyang Li, Yifan Zhang, Qingrong Yao, Huaiying Zhou, and Jianqiu Deng. "Amorphous Sb2S3 Nanospheres In-Situ Grown on Carbon Nanotubes: Anodes for NIBs and KIBs." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (September 15, 2019): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091323.

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Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) with a high theoretical capacity is considered as a promising candidate for Na-ion batteries (NIBs) and K-ion batteries (KIBs). However, its poor electrochemical activity and structural stability are the main issues to be solved. Herein, amorphous Sb2S3 nanospheres/carbon nanotube (Sb2S3/CNT) nanocomposites are successfully synthesized via one step self-assembly method. In-situ growth of amorphous Sb2S3 nanospheres on the CNTs is confirmed by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The amorphous Sb2S3/CNT nanocomposites as an anode for NIBs exhibit excellent electrochemical performance, delivering a high charge capacity of 870 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1, with an initial coulomb efficiency of 77.8%. Even at 3000 mA g−1, a charge capacity of 474 mA h g−1 can be achieved. As an anode for KIBs, the amorphous Sb2S3/CNT nanocomposites also demonstrate a high charge capacity of 451 mA h g−1 at 25 mA g−1. The remarkable performance of the amorphous Sb2S3/CNT nanocomposites is attributed to the synergic effects of the amorphous Sb2S3 nanospheres and 3D porous conductive network constructed by the CNTs.

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Thenappan, Meenatchi, Kouthaman Mathiyalagan, Mozaffar Abdollahifar, Subadevi Rengapillai, and Sivakumar Marimuthu. "Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Musa acuminata Fiber Derived Hard Carbon as Anodes of Sodium-Ion Batteries." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020979.

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Hard carbon (HC) was successfully synthesized using a bio-waste precursor from Musa acuminata fiber (MaF) as an eco-friendly option through the pyrolysis process at 500 °C. Further, it was activated using the chemical activating agents, NaOH and ZnCl2, at 900 °C, named Na–MaFDHC and Zn–MaFDHC. The MaFDHCs are employed as anode materials for emerging sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). The nitrogen (N2) adsorption and desorption studies and HRTEM images resulted that the MaFDHCs have a mesoporous nature. The surface area and pore diameter of the carbon materials are increased significantly after the treatment with activating agents, which are important factors for anodes of NIBs. The electrochemical performance of the MaFDHCs depends on the activation agent. Zn–MaFDHC with a higher surface area showed better results, yielding a charge capacity of about 114 mAh g−1 at a 1C rate.

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Dey, Sonjoy, and Gurpreet Singh. "WS2 Nanosheet Loaded Silicon-Oxycarbide Electrode for Sodium and Potassium Batteries." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 4185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234185.

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Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as the WS2 have been widely studied as potential electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) owing to TMDs’ layered morphology and reversible conversion reaction with the alkali metals between 0 to 2 V (v/s Li/Li+) potentials. However, works involving TMD materials as electrodes for sodium- (NIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are relatively few, mainly due to poor electrode performance arising from significant volume changes and pulverization by the larger size alkali-metal ions. Here, we show that Na+ and K+ cyclability in WS2 TMD is improved by introducing WS2 nanosheets in a chemically and mechanically robust matrix comprising precursor-derived ceramic (PDC) silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) material. The WS2/SiOC composite in fibermat morphology was achieved via electrospinning followed by thermolysis of a polymer solution consisting of a polysiloxane (precursor to SiOC) dispersed with exfoliated WS2 nanosheets. The composite electrode was successfully tested in Na-ion and K-ion half-cells as a working electrode, which rendered the first cycle charge capacity of 474.88 mAh g−1 and 218.91 mAh g−1, respectively. The synergistic effect of the composite electrode leads to higher capacity and improved coulombic efficiency compared to the neat WS2 and neat SiOC materials in these cells.

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Kang, Jin-Wei, and Han-Yi Chen. "Cation-Modified Anionic Redox Mechanism for High-Performance Layered Oxide As Sodium-Ion Batteries Cathode Material." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 3 (July 7, 2022): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-013490mtgabs.

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Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) have been selected as a promising candidate for large-scale energy storage systems due to their abundance. Among several NIB cathode materials, P2-type transition metal layered oxides (NaxTMO2, TM = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) featuring high theoretical capacity and better rate performance have attracted much attention. However, the practical applications have to endure the low energy density of NIB cathode materials compared to lithium-ion batteries. In tradition, the capacity is constrained by transition metal ions and is closed to their limits. Hence,in order to obtain extraordinarily high capacity in cathode materials, both anionic and cationic redox chemistry are utilized. Nevertheless, their performance is impeded by irreversible structure evolution and lattice oxygen emission. Therefore, it is highly urgent to develop stable anionic redox chemistry for high energy density and long-cycle-life layered oxide cathode materials. In this study, cation-doped NaxMgyCuzMn(1−y−z)O2 cathode material featuring synergistic effects of cationic and anionic redox was reported. By cations doping, the inhibited structure evolution and lattice oxygen stabilization were achieved. Moreover, the effects of cation-doped NaxMgyCuzMn(1−y−z)O2 were also studied by electrochemical measurements. Also, the mechanism of cation-doped NaxMgyCuzMn(1−y−z)O2 was confirmed by operando synchrotron X-ray absorption spectrum, operando X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory computations. Cation-doped NaxMgyCuzMn(1−y−z)O2 was synthesized through a facile sol-gel method followed by heat treatment. The cation-doped NaxMgyCuzMn(1−y−z)O2 showed high specific capacity (203 mAh g− 1 cycled at 0.1C) as well as better cycling stability, providing sodium layered oxides a new developing stage toward high-performance cathode materials in NIBs for large scale energy storage systems. Keywords: Na-ion batteries, layered oxides, anionic redox, cathode

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Ahuja, Vinita, Baskar Senthilkumar, and Premkumar Senguttuvan. "Synthesis, Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Sodium Transition Metal Fluorosulfate Cathodes for Na-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642307mtgabs.

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The development of low-cost and sustainable rechargeable batteries is attractive for storing energy from renewable sources. At present, the expansion of Na-ion batteries (NIBs) serves as an appealing solution from the perspective of both raw material abundance as well as the cost in comparison with the existing Li-ion batteries.1 However, the energy densities of NIBs are lower compared to their Li-ion counterparts due to thermodynamic reasons. To address this issue, researchers have turned their attention towards the development of high energy density cathodes, such as Na3V2(PO4)2F3 and Na3V2(PO4)3-type materials,2 in which the operation of multi-redox couples render high storage capacities. Moving forward, the replacement of PO4 3- by SO4 2- provides higher intercalation voltages (due to inductive effect), thereby further improving the overall energy density of cathode. 3 The inclusion of fluoride into the sulphate based polyanionic frameworks will help to increase the operating voltage through inductive effects.4 This will enhance cationic mobility by reducing electrostatic interactions along conduction channels, thereby, lead to increase in cell capacity. Herein, we report synthesis, structural and electrochemical properties of two classes of sodium transition metal fluorosulfates, namely Na3MF2(SO4)2 and jarosites NaM3(SO4)2(OH/F)6 (M= V and Mn etc.,). The Na2VF3(SO4)2 framework consists of chains of trans-VO2F4 octahedra linked to each other via vertex sharing of F atoms and bridged by SO4 tetrahedron as adjacent pairs. 5 Jarosite is a natural mineral to be found in acidic and sulfate-rich environments with a general formula of AM3(SO4)2(OH)6, where A = K+, Na+, and NH4 + and M = Fe3+, Cr3+, V3+, Ga3+, Al3+, and In3+. Jarosite crystals stabilize in a trigonal system with space group R3m. The structure is composed of 2D uneven layers formed by linkage of transition metal octahedra [MO2(OH)4] and sulfate tetrahedra (SO4), that are stacked along the c direction. 6 We unveil the details of growth mechanism of these materials in hydro- and solvo-thermal conditions using X-ray diffraction and microscopy techniques. Further, the mechanism of electrochemical (de)sodiation reactions in these materials will be presented using galvanostatic cycling and in-operando XRD measurements. References: Hwang, J. Y.; Myung, S. T.; Sun, Y. K. Sodium-Ion Batteries: Present and Future. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46 (12), 3529–3614. Lalère, F.; Seznec, V.; Courty, M.; David, R.; Chotard, J. N.;Masquelier, C. Mater. Chem. A. 2015, 3, 16198-16205 Lander, L.; Tarascon, J. M.; Yamada, A. Chem. Rec. 2018, 18, 1394–1408 Senthilkumar, B.; Murugesan, C.; Sharma, L.; Lochab, S.; Barpanda, P. Small methods 2019, 3, 1800253 Wang, Q.; Madsen, A.; Owen, J. R.; Weller, M. T. Commun. 2013, 49 (21), 2121–2123. Gnanavel, M.;Pralong, V.; Lebedev, I.; Caignaert, V.; Bazin, P.; Raveau, B.Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 15, 4521–4527

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T, Aswathi, Ammu Surendran, Harsha Enale, Angelina Sarapulova, Qiang Fu, Michael Knapp, Ditty Dixon, and Aiswarya Bhaskar. "(Digital Presentation) Cobalt-Free Spinel-Layered Composite As a Positive Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024443mtgabs.

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Sodium-ion battery (NIB) system is an emerging technology and can be considered as a suitable alternative for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the large abundance and distribution of sodium on earth and similar working principles to LIB. Among those cathodes for NIBs, layered transition metal oxides (NaxMO2) receive more attention because of their higher capacity, appropriate operating potentials, higher ionic conductivity, and ease of synthesis [1]. According to the stacking sequence of oxygen layers and Na occupation sites, layered transition metal oxides are mainly classified as P2, O3, P3, and O2 structures. The letters P and O imply that the sodium occupies trigonal prismatic sites and octahedral sites, respectively. The numbers indicate the no. of oxygen stacking layers [2]. Among these, the P2 type layered transition metal oxides gained more recognition as cathode materials for NIBs due to their superior rate capability from the migration of sodium ions through the face-sharing trigonal prismatic sites [3]. However, the intercalation/de-intercalation of large sodium ions creates some structural deterioration and irreversibility. Designing multiphase materials is an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of the material to avail the synergistic effects from each phase [3,4]. In this work, a cobalt-free layered-spinel composite was synthesized by sol-gel method as positive electrode material for NIBs. It is highly attractive, as it is cobalt-free and hence, cost-effective and environmentally benign. The layered phase provides a smoother diffusion pathway and the spinel phase could enhance the electronic conductivity [3,4]. The presence of layered and spinel phases was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction technique. Scanning electron microscopic investigations reveal particles of layered morphology with well-defined edges. The electrochemical investigations were done in Na-half cells in the voltage range of 1.5- 4.0 V vs. Na+/Na. The cyclic voltammogram of the layered-spinel composite in Na half-cell shows two sets of peaks corresponding to the redox activity of Mn and Ni. When the upper cut-off voltage was increased above 4 V, contributions from the Fe electrochemical activity were also observed. To investigate the sodium storage performance, galvanostatic charge-discharge studies were done. The material displayed an initial discharge capacity of 171 mAh g-1 and promising high-rate behavior. To investigate the electrochemical mechanism, in operando X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies were done and the results will be discussed in detail. Acknowledgement A.Bhaskar gratefully acknowledges financial support from “DST-IISc Energy Storage Platform on Supercapacitors and Power Dense Devices” through the MECSP-2K17 program under grant no. DST/TMD/MECSP/2K17/20”. D. Dixon acknowledges the financial support from SERB, New Delhi, India through Ramanujan Fellowship, under the grant number SB/S2/ RJN-162/2017. A. Thottungal is grateful to CSIR New Delhi for the CSIR SRF grant and AcSIR, Ghaziabad- 201002, India. DESY, Hamburg, Germany is acknowledged for the beamtime allocation at the P65 beamline at PETRA III and the beamline scientist Dr. Edmund Welter is acknowledged for his support. This work contributes to the research performed at CELEST, and was partially funded by the DFG under Project ID 390874152 (POLiS Cluster of Excellence). Reference D. Slater , D. Kim , E. Lee and C. S. Johnson , Adv. Funct. Mater., 2013, 23 , 947 —958 Delmas, C. Fouassier and P. Hagenmuller, Phys. B, 1980, 99, 81 Zheng, P. Yan, W. H. Kan, C. Wang and A. Manthiram, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2016, 163(3), A584 Hou , J. Yin , X. Lu , J. Li , Y. Zhao and X. Xu , Nanoscale, 2018, 10 , 6671 —6677

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26

Özcan, S., and B. Biel. "Sc₂CX (X=N₂, ON, O₂) MXenes as a promising anode material: A first-principles study." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 4 (January 28, 2023): 044301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0131621.

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MXenes’ tunable properties make them excellent candidates for many applications in future nanoelectronics. In this work, we explore the suitability of Sc[Formula: see text]CX (X=N[Formula: see text], ON, O[Formula: see text]) MXenes to act as the active anode materials in Na-ion based batteries (NIBs) by means of ab initio simulations. After analyzing the structural and elastic properties of all the possible models to evaluate the energetically favorable N and O functionalization sites, our calculations show that both Sc[Formula: see text]CON and Sc[Formula: see text]CN[Formula: see text] present a clear metallic character, making them potential candidates as anode materials. The investigation of the most relevant features for anode performance, such as the adsorption and diffusion of Na atoms, the intrinsic capacity, the open circuit voltage, and the storage capacity, shows that both systems are serious alternatives to the most common 2D materials currently employed in alkali metal batteries. In particular, Sc[Formula: see text]CN[Formula: see text] presents better diffusion behavior thanks to the absence of Na clustering on its surface, with optimal diffusion barriers comparable to other 2D materials, such as MoN[Formula: see text], while the values of diffusion barriers for Sc[Formula: see text]CON are at least three times smaller than those found for other anode candidates. Similarly, while the capacity of Sc[Formula: see text]CON is close to the one reported for 2D Sc[Formula: see text]C, Sc[Formula: see text]CN[Formula: see text] possesses a power density more than twice higher than the ones of 2D materials, such as Sc[Formula: see text]C, graphite, and MoS[Formula: see text]. Our results, thus, confirm the urge for further experimental exploration of the MXene Sc[Formula: see text]CX (X=N[Formula: see text], ON, O[Formula: see text]) family as anode material in NIBs.

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Wang, Da, Hao Liu, Joshua David Elliott, Li-Min Liu, and Woon-Ming Lau. "Robust vanadium pentoxide electrodes for sodium and calcium ion batteries: thermodynamic and diffusion mechanical insights." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 32 (2016): 12516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta03595g.

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Tian, Binwei, Wenling Du, Lei Chen, Jiyuan Guo, Huabing Shu, Ying Wang, and Jun Dai. "Probing pristine and defective NiB6 monolayer as promising anode materials for Li/Na/K ion batteries." Applied Surface Science 527 (October 2020): 146580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146580.

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29

Hou, Xueyan, Xiaohui Rong, Yaxiang Lu, and Yong-Sheng Hu. "Anionic Redox Reaction Mechanism in Na-Ion Batteries." Chinese Physics B, July 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac81ab.

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Abstract Na-ion batteries (NIBs), as one of the next-generation rechargeable battery systems, hold great potential in large-scale energy storage applications owing to the abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium resources. Despite the extensive exploration of electrode materials, the relatively low attainable capacity of NIBs hinders their practical application. In recent years, the anionic redox reaction (ARR) in NIBs has been emerging as a new paradigm to deliver extra capacity and thus offers an opportunity to break through the intrinsic energy density limit. In this review, the fundamental investigation of the ARR mechanism and the latest exploration of cathode materials are summarized, in order to highlight the significance of reversible anionic redox and suggest prospective developing directions.

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Ding, Yuejun, Feixiang Ding, Xiaohui Rong, Yaxiang Lu, and Yong-Sheng Hu. "Mg-Doped Layered Oxide Cathode for Na-Ion Batteries." Chinese Physics B, February 7, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac523b.

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Abstract Na-ion batteries (NIBs) are regarding as the optimum complement for Li-ion batteries along with the rapid development of stationary energy storage systems. In order to meet the commercial demands of cathodes for NIBs, O3-type Cu containing layered oxide Na0.90Cu0.22Fe0.30Mn0.48O2 with good comprehensive performance and low-cost element components is very promising for the practical use. However, only part of the Cu3+/Cu2+ redox couple participated in the redox reaction, thus impairing the specific capacity of the cathode materials. Herein, Mg2+-doped O3-Na0.90Mg0.08Cu0.22Fe0.30Mn0.40O2 layered oxide without Mn3+ was synthesized successfully, which exhibit improved reversible specific capacity of 118 mAh/g in the voltage range of 2.4~4.0 V at 0.2C, corresponding to the intercalation/deintercalation of 0.47 Na+ (0.1 more than that of Na0.90Cu0.22Fe0.30Mn0.48O2). This work demonstrates an important strategy to obtain advanced layered oxide cathodes for NIBs.

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Wang, Juefan, Abhishek Ashwin Panchal, Gopalakrishnan Sai Gautam, and Pieremanuele Canepa. "The Resistive Nature of Decomposing Interfaces of Solid Electrolytes with Alkali Metal Electrodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ta02202h.

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Sarbapalli, Dipobrato, Yu-Hsiu Lin, Sean Stafford, Jangyup Son, Abhiroop Mishra, Jingshu Hui, A. Nijamudheen, et al. "A Surface Modification Strategy Towards Reversible Na-ion Intercalation on Graphitic Carbon Using Fluorinated Few-Layer Graphene." Journal of The Electrochemical Society, October 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac9c33.

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Abstract Na-ion batteries (NIBs) are proposed as a promising candidate for beyond Li-ion chemistries, however, a key challenge associated with NIBs is the inability to achieve intercalation in graphite anodes. This phenomenon has been investigated and is believed to arise due to the thermodynamic instability of Na-intercalated graphite. We have recently demonstrated theoretical calculations showing it is possible to achieve thermodynamically stable Na-intercalated graphene structures with a fluorine surface modifier. Here, we present experimental evidence that Na+ intercalation is indeed possible in fluorinated few-layer graphene (F-FLG) structures using cyclic voltammetry (CV), ion-sensitive scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), and in situ Raman spectroscopy. SECM and Raman spectroscopy confirmed Na+ intercalation in F-FLG, while CV measurements allowed us to quantify Na-intercalated F-FLG stoichiometries around NaC14-18. These stoichiometries are higher than previously reported values for NaC186 in graphite. Our experiments revealed that reversible Na+ ion intercalation also requires a pre-formed Li-based SEI in addition to the surface fluorination, thereby highlighting the critical role of SEI in controlling ion-transfer kinetics in alkali-ion batteries. In summary, our findings highlight the use of surface modification and careful study of electrode-electrolyte interfaces and interphases as an enabling strategy for NIBs.

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Park, Sungwon, and Eunsu Paek. "Can P- and Oxidized P-doped Graphene be a Good Anode for Na-Ion Batteries?: A First-Principles Assessment." Journal of The Electrochemical Society, May 11, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac6e93.

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Abstract Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) become an important emerging alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of low cost and suitability for large-scale applications. However, optimizing anodes in NIBs is still a challenge. We have investigated the possibility of using P- and oxidized P-doped graphene as an anode in NIBs and revealed important fundamental properties of sodium adsorption on P- and oxidized P-doped graphene by employing first principles calculations. Our results suggest that Na adsorption on the single side of substrate followed by adsorption on the other side is the preferred configuration with high Na capacity of 511 mAh/g. Na is predicted to migrate with a low diffusion barrier near the protrudent P and OP on the substrate. Although Na has to cross an elevated diffusion barrier to escape from the most stable site interacting with the P and OP, this can be significantly mitigated by increasing the adsorbed Na concentration. Our calculations also demonstrate that the structures mostly maintain their metallic properties, thus showing high electron mobility upon a wide range of sodiation level. Our findings indicate that P- and oxidized P-doping of graphene anodes can be a promising route toward increasing the overall performance of NIBs for practical application.

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Singh, Tavinder, Jyoti Roy Choudhuri, and Malay Kumar Rana. "α-Graphyne as a Promising Anode Material for Na-ion Batteries: A First-principles Study." Nanotechnology, October 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac9a54.

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Abstract Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as a technological game-changer. Due to the rising price of lithium and the environmental concerns LIBs pose, their use is no longer viable. Sodium (Na) may be the best contender among the alternatives for replacing lithium. Conventional graphite has a limited capacity for Na storage. Hence, α-graphyne, an allotrope of carbon, was studied here as a potential anode material for Na-ion batteries (NIBs), employing density functional theory (DFT). In-plane Na atom adsorption results in a semi-metallic to metallic transition of α-graphyne. Electronic transport calculations show an increase in current after Na adsorption in graphyne. The successive adsorption of Na atoms on the surface of graphyne leads to a theoretical capacity of 1395.89 mA h/g, which is much greater than graphite. The average open circuit voltage is 0.81 V, which is an ideal operating voltage for NIBs. Intra- and inter-hexagon Na diffusions have very low energy barriers of 0.18 eV and 0.96 eV, respectively, which ensure smooth operation during charge/discharge cycles. According to this study, the α-graphyne monolayer thus has the potential to be employed as an anode in NIBs.

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Kuai, Yue, Changcheng Chen, Elyas Abduryima, shuli Gao, Wen Chen, Ge Wu, Liyuan Wu, Chao Dong, Weixia Zou, and Pengfei lu. "Two-Dimensional Metallic SnB Monolayer as an Anode Material for Non-lithium-ion Batteries." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cp03942g.

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Zhang, Yawei, Wei Zhong, Pingping Tan, Yu-Bin Niu, Xuan Zhang, and Mao-Wen Xu. "Heterogeneous Interface Designing of Bimetallic Selenides Nanoboxs Enables Stable Sodium Storage." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qi00962a.

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The exploitation of proper nanomaterials with embedded-conversion-alloy features is of great significance for accelerating the realization of Na-ion batteries (NIBs). In this work, a unique nanobox consisting of heterojunction bimetallic...

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Pramanik, Atin, Alexis G. Manche, Rebecca Clulow, Philip Lightfoot, and A. Robert Armstrong. "Exploiting anion and cation redox chemistry in lithium-rich perovskite oxalate: a novel next-generation Li/Na-ion battery electrode." Dalton Transactions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2dt01447e.

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38

Park, Hyunyoung, Yongseok Lee, Min-kyung Cho, Jungmin Kang, Wonseok Ko, Young Hwa Jung, Tae-Yeol Jeon, et al. "Na2Fe2F7: a fluoride-based cathode for high power and long life Na-ion batteries." Energy & Environmental Science, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee02803g.

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T-Na₂Fe₂F₇ based on three-dimensionally connected FeF₆ octahedra exhibits large specific capacity and ultra-high-stable cycling performance as a promising cathode for NIBs.

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39

Robinson, James B., Donal P. Finegan, Thomas M. M. Heenan, Katherine Smith, Emma Kendrick, Daniel J. L. Brett, and Paul R. Shearing. "Microstructural Analysis of the Effects of Thermal Runaway on Li-Ion and Na-Ion Battery Electrodes." Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage 15, no. 1 (December 6, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4038518.

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Thermal runaway is a phenomenon that occurs due to self-sustaining reactions within batteries at elevated temperatures resulting in catastrophic failure. Here, the thermal runaway process is studied for a Li-ion and Na-ion pouch cells of similar energy density (10.5 Wh, 12 Wh, respectively) using accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). Both cells were constructed with a z-fold configuration, with a standard shutdown separator in the Li-ion and a low-cost polypropylene (PP) separator in the Na-ion. Even with the shutdown separator, it is shown that the self-heating rate and rate of thermal runaway in Na-ion cells is significantly slower than that observed in Li-ion systems. The thermal runaway event initiates at a higher temperature in Na-ion cells. The effect of thermal runaway on the architecture of the cells is examined using X-ray microcomputed tomography, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to examine the failed electrodes of both cells. Finally, from examination of the respective electrodes, likely due to the carbonate solvent containing electrolyte, it is suggested that thermal runaway in Na-ion batteries (NIBs) occurs via a similar mechanism to that reported for Li-ion cells.

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Skurikhina, Olha, Maria Gombotz, Mamoru Senna, Martin Fabián, Matej Baláž, Klebson Lucenildo Da Silva, Marcela Achimovičová, H. Martin R. Wilkening, and Bernhard Gadermaier. "Ionic transport in K₂Ti₆O₁₃." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, February 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2021-3166.

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Abstract The increasing demand for batteries forced the development of energy storage systems that rely on materials consisting of abundant elements in the Earth’s crust. Switching from Li+ to K+ as the main ionic charge carrier needs highly conducting potassium-bearing electrolytes to realize K+ ion batteries (PIBs). The knowledge gained from the design of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (NIBs) may conceptually inspire also the establishment of PIBs. Considering, for instance, the hexatitanates Na2Ti6O13, Li2Ti6O13, and H2Ti6O13, which were previously investigated as components for LIBs and NIBs, here we investigated ion dynamics in the K-analog K2Ti6O13. Ionic transport in polycrystalline samples of K2Ti6O13 was studied in a moisture-free atmosphere by broadband impedance spectroscopy in a temperature range from 20 °C to 450 °C. The current study aims at establishing a correlation between structural features of K2Ti6O13 and long-range ionic transport. As expected for K+ transport in K2Ti6O13 with its geometrically obstructed structure, the overall activation energy of ion transport in the ternary oxide takes a rather high value of 0.97(2) eV. Almost the same result (0.95(3) eV) is obtained for the migration activation energy, which we extracted from the analysis of crossover frequencies of the corresponding conductivity isotherms. By comparing our results with those of Na2Ti6O13 (0.82 eV), Li2Ti6O13 (0.65 eV), and H2Ti6O13, we clearly see how the size of the mobile cation correlates with both specific conductivities and activation energies. This comparison points to K+ being the main charge carrier in K2Ti6O13. It also helps in laying the foundations to derive the relevant structure-property relationships in this class of materials.

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Sayahpour, Baharak, Hayley Hirsh, Saurabh Parab, Long Hoang Bao Nguyen, Minghao Zhang, and Ying Shirley Meng. "Perspective: Design of cathode materials for sustainable sodium-ion batteries." MRS Energy & Sustainability, May 24, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43581-022-00029-9.

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AbstractManufacturing sustainable sodium ion batteries with high energy density and cyclability requires a uniquely tailored technology and a close attention to the economical and environmental factors. In this work, we summarized the most important design metrics in sodium ion batteries with the emphasis on cathode materials and outlined a transparent data reporting approach based on common metrics for performance evaluation of future technologies.Sodium-ion batteries are considered as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-based battery technologies. Despite the growing research in this field, the implementation of this technology has been practically hindered due to a lack of high energy density cathode materials with a long cycle-life. In this perspective, we first provide an overview of the milestones in the development of Na-ion battery (NIB) systems over time. Next, we discuss critical metrics in extraction of key elements used in NIB cathode materials which may impact the supply chain in near future. Finally, in the quest of most promising cathode materials for the next generation of NIBs, we overlay an extensive perspective on the main findings in design and test of more than 295 reports in the past 10 years, exhibiting that layered oxides, Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) and polyanions are leading candidates for cathode materials. An in-depth comparison of energy density and capacity retention of all the currently available cathode materials is also provided. In this perspective, we also highlight the importance of large data analysis for sustainable material design based on available datasets. The insights provided in this perspective, along with a more transparent data reporting approach and an implementation of common metrics for performance evaluation of NIBs can help accelerate future cathode materials design in the NIB field. Graphical abstract

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Liang, Yi-Bo, Zhao Liu, Jing Wang, and Ying Liu. "AA-Stacked Borophene-Graphene Bilayer as an Anode Material for Alkali-Metal Ion Batteries with a Superhigh Capacity." Chinese Physics B, June 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac7859.

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Abstract As the lightest two-dimensional material, monolayer borophene exhibits great potential as electrode materials, but it suffers from stability issues in the free-standing form. Here, the striped-borophene and graphene bilayer (sB/Gr) is found to be a high-performance anode material for rechargeable alkali-metal ion batteries. The first-principles results show that all the three alkali-metal atoms, Li, Na, and K, can be strongly adsorbed on sB/Gr with ultra-low diffusion barriers than that on pristine borophene/graphene, indicating good charge-discharge rates. Remarkably, high storage capacities are proposed for LIBs (1880 mA·h/g), NIBs (1648 mA·h/g), and KIBs (470 mA·h/g) with relatively small lattice change rate (<2.9%) in the process of alkali-metal atoms intercalations. Theses intriguing features of sB/Gr make it an excellent choice for batteries.

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Fasulo, Francesca, Arianna Massaro, Ana B. Muñoz-García, and Michele Pavone. "Na uptake at TiO2 anatase surfaces under electric field control: A first-principles study." Journal of Materials Research, May 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s43578-022-00579-1.

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AbstractNa-ion batteries (NIBs) are promising devices for large-scale energy-storage facilities. Nanostructured TiO2 is an efficient NIB negative electrode, showing good cycling performance and rate capability, but its activity depends on the crystalline facets exposed by anatase nanoparticles. Hence, we propose here a DFT+U study of Na+ adsorption and insertion at (101), (100) and (001)-TiO2 surfaces under the influence of external electric fields, which are simulated by adding a sawtooth-like electrostatic potential to the bare ionic potential. We find that field polarization affects Na+ uptake as well as titania electronic features, promoting redox processes within Ti sublattice, as in battery charge/discharge cycling. Our results highlight the high-energy (001) surface to be the most active, for both directions of external fields, proving its activity to be exerted reversibly. Besides further insights, these outcomes pave the route for further exploration and design of electrode materials by simulation of battery in operando conditions. Graphical Abstract

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Weiliang Xu, Rongbin Dang, Yang Yang, Qiubo Guo, Feixiang Ding, Shuai Han, Xiaohan Tang, et al. "Magnesium-doped improved cycling to high voltages of layered cathode of sodium ion battery." Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20222098.

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Driven by global new energy demand, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have been developed rapidly owing to its competitive performance. Although LIBs show the advantages of high capacity and good cycling stability, their disadvantages such as uneven distribution of lithium resources is gradually exposed. Therefore, with abundant reserves, Na-ion batteries (NIB) have become one of the most promising solutions to make up for the deficiency of Li-ion battery. NIBs layered oxide cathodes are the most potential for practical applications of cathode material, due to their high specific capacity (167 mAh g-1 in 2.4-4.3 V) and simple synthesis method. However, improving the cycling stability of layered cathode materials is one of the keys to their large-scale industrialization. To develop high capacity and cycling stability cathode materials, the replacement of Mg2+ for Ni2+ was used for NaNi0.4Cu0.1Mn0.4Ti0.1O2(NCMT) and obtained the NaNi0.35Mg0.05Cu0.1Mn0.4Ti0.1O2 (NCMT-Mg) cathode material. The NCMT-Mg has a high reversible specific capacity of 165 mAh g-1 in the voltage window of 2.4-4.3 V. The reversible specific capacity of about 110 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C after 350 cycles with a capacity retention of 67.3% is about 13% higher than NCMT. The irreversible reaction was suppression from P'3 phase to X phase for NCMT. The ex-XRD spectrometers future prove that the NCMT-Mg shows a P'3 and X mixed phase after initial charge to 4.3 V, but the NCMT shows a X phase. The irreversible phase transition is suppressed to increase the cycling stability. The inactive Mg2+ replaces Ni2+ reducing the charge compensation and stabling the structure, the inactive Mg2+can activate the charge compensation of Ni2+/Cu2+. The electrochemical active was activated from 77% to 86%. The high capacity and excellent cycling stability prove that the NCMT-Mg structure maintains intact after various current rates test. The long cycling stability mechanism was further systematically studied by various technologies. The work will provide an important reference for developing high-performance Na-ion cathode materials.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Na-ion batteries (NIBs)'

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