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Ye, Zhengyi. "N-glycan branching requirement in neuronal and post-natal viability /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3138823.
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Chan, Chi-ping, and 陳志平. "Requirement of N-linked glycosylation for optimal proteolytic activation of liver-enriched transcription factor CREB-H." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45138011.
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Pollard, Lucy Victoria. "The influence of long chain N-3 fatty acids on the requirement for vitamin E and its relevance to atherosclerosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307772.
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Maistry, Pravin Mark. "Phosphorous requirement of indigenous N-fixing legumes and rhizobial diversity in the low P soils of the Cape floristic region, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11732.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-108).
Soils of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) vary in phosphorous (P) availability and legume species tend to be distributed in specific edaphic habitats. Eighteen indigenous CFR legume species were grouped as high-P, low-P, Pgeneralist and unclassified plants, by associating their distribution with soil [P] in the CFR. It was hypothesized that the low-P group would be superior N2-fixers than the high-P group at low P supply.
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Silva, Fabio Alexandre Gon?alves. "STREAM-AP: um processo para sistematizar a escolha de padr?es arquiteturais baseado em requisitos n?o-funcionais." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18089.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-30The importance of non-functional requirements for computer systems is increasing. Satisfying these requirements requires special attention to the software architecture, since an unsuitable architecture introduces greater complexity in addition to the intrinsic complexity of the system. Some studies have shown that, despite requirements engineering and software architecture activities act on different aspects of development, they must be performed iteratively and intertwined to produce satisfactory software systems. The STREAM process presents a systematic approach to reduce the gap between requirements and architecture development, emphasizing the functional requirements, but using the non-functional requirements in an ad hoc way. However, non-functional requirements typically influence the system as a whole. Thus, the STREAM uses Architectural Patterns to refine the software architecture. These patterns are chosen by using non-functional requirements in an ad hoc way. This master thesis presents a process to improve STREAM in making the choice of architectural patterns systematic by using non-functional requirements, in order to guide the refinement of a software architecture
Cada vez mais os sistemas computacionais precisam satisfazer requisitos n?ofuncionais. No entanto a satisfa??o destes requisitos exige uma aten??o especial j? que s?o requisitos que devem ser levados em considera??o pelas arquiteturas de software que representam esses sistemas. Uma arquitetura de software inadequada introduz uma complexidade maior, al?m da complexidade intr?nseca do sistema. Al?m disso, estudos mostram que apesar das atividades de engenharia de requisitos e de arquitetura de software atuarem em diferentes aspectos do desenvolvimento, ? preciso execut?- las de forma iterativa e entrela?ada para produzir sistemas computacionais satisfat?rios. Com o objetivo de diminuir a lacuna existente entre requisitos de software e o desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura de software que reflita esses requisitos, foi proposto o processo STREAM (Strategy for Transition between REquirements models and Architectural Models). O STREAM consiste de uma abordagem sistem?tica que enfatiza os requisitos funcionais, sendo os n?o-funcionais usados de forma ad hoc. Entretanto, os requisitos n?o-funcionais normalmente impactam o sistema como um todo. Assim, a maneira proposta pelo STREAM para fazer com que a arquitetura de software desenvolvida reflita os Requisitos N?o-Funcionais elicitados no modelo de requisitos ? atrav?s do refinamento da arquitetura usando padr?es arquiteturais escolhidos com base nos requisitos n?o-funcionais. No STREAM a escolha desses padr?es ? realizada de forma ad hoc. Com o objetivo de sistematizar a forma de escolha dos padr?es arquiteturais, esta disserta??o prop?e um processo para sistematizar a escolha desses padr?es, a partir de requisitos n?o-funcionais racionalizados, que ser?o usados para refinar arquitetura de software
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Beaman, Angela Renee. "Irradiance, total nitrogen, and nitrate-N ammonium-N ratio requirements for optimal edible biomass production of basil /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Ahmed, Israr, and Shahid Nadeem. "Minimizing Defects Originating from Elicitation, Analysis and Negotiation (E and A&N) Phase in Bespoke Requirements Engineering." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4070.
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Defect prevention (DP) in early stages of software development life cycle (SDLC) is very cost effective than in later stages. The requirements elicitation and analysis & negotiation (E and A&N) phases in requirements engineering (RE) process are very critical and are major source of requirements defects. A poor E and A&N process may lead to a software requirements specifications (SRS) full of defects like missing, ambiguous, inconsistent, misunderstood, and incomplete requirements. If these defects are identified and fixed in later stages of SDLC then they could cause major rework by spending extra cost and effort. Organizations are spending about half of their total project budget on avoidable rework and majority of defects originate from RE activities. This study is an attempt to prevent requirements level defects from penetrates into later stages of SDLC. For this purpose empirical and literature studies are presented in this thesis. The empirical study is carried out with the help of six companies from Pakistan & Sweden by conducting interviews and literature study is done by using literature reviews. This study explores the most common requirements defect types, their reasons, severity level of defects (i.e. major or minor), DP techniques (DPTs) & methods, defect identification techniques that have been using in software development industry and problems in these DPTs. This study also describes possible major differences between Swedish and Pakistani software companies in terms of defect types and rate of defects originating from E and A&N phases. On the bases of study results, some solutions have been proposed to prevent requirements defects during the RE process. In this way we can minimize defects originating from E and A&N phases of RE in the bespoke requirements engineering (BESRE).
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Franke, Mine [Verfasser], and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Storch. "Characterization of structural requirements for ER export and analysis of turnover of the Golgi-resident N-acetylglucosamin-1-phosphotransferase / Mine Franke. Betreuer: Stephan Storch." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1101695919/34.
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Franke, Mine Verfasser], and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] [Storch. "Characterization of structural requirements for ER export and analysis of turnover of the Golgi-resident N-acetylglucosamin-1-phosphotransferase / Mine Franke. Betreuer: Stephan Storch." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-67141.
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Eya, Nnabuike N. "An Investigation of Group Key Management with Mobility Protocol for 5G Wireless Mobile Environment. A Case analysis of group key management security requirements with respect to wireless mobile environment of different proposed solutions." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18479.
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Group communication, security and 5G technology present a unique dimension
of challenges and security remains crucial in the successful deployment of 5G
technology across different industry. Group key management plays a vital role in
secure group communication.
This research work studies various group key management schemes for mobile
wireless technology and then a new scheme is proposed and evaluated. The
main architecture is analysed, while the components and their roles are
established, trust and keying relationships are evaluated, as well as detailed
functional requirements.
A detailed description of the main protocols required within the scheme is also
described. A numerical and simulation analysis is employed to assess the
proposed scheme with regards to fulfilling the security requirement and
performance requirements. The impact of group size variation, the impact of
mobility rate variation are studied with regards to the average rekeying messages
induced by each event and 1-affects-n phenomenon.
The results obtained from the simulation experiments show that the proposed
scheme outperformed other solutions with a minimal number of rekeying
messages sent and less number of affected members on each event. The
security requirements demonstrate that backward and forward secrecy is
preserved and maintained during mobility between areas.
Finally, the research work also proposes a 5G-enabled software-defined
multicast network (5G-SDMNs), where software-defined networking (SDN) is
exploited to dynamically manage multicast groups in 5G and mobile multicast
environment. Also, mobile edge computing (MEC) is exploited to strengthen
network control of 5G-SDMN.National Open University of Nigeria
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Berndt, Alexandre. "Nutrição e ecologia nutricional de cervídeos brasileiros em cativeiro e no Parque Nacional das Emas - Goiás." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-09112005-144620/.
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Existem poucas informações sobre exigências de energia de cervídeos brasileiros, dificultando o sucesso de manejo e reprodução em cativeiro. O conhecimento das exigências de energia também é importante para determinar os recursos necessários para sua conservação em parques e reservas. O primeiro objetivo deste experimento foi estudar as exigências nutricionais do veado catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) em cativeiro. O segundo objetivo foi observar o comportamento alimentar do veado-campeiro (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) no Parque Nacional das Emas (PNE), descrevendo qualitativamente e quantitativamente as principais espécies vegetais utilizadas para o aporte de nutrientes. A determinação das exigências de energia para mantença utilizou 8 veados-catingueiro de ambos os sexos em cativeiro e foi desenvolvida através de dois métodos: a)equilíbrio de peso e b)água duplamente marcada (2H2 18º). Os animais foram dosados com água duplamente marcada (111,8 mg/kgPV para 2H2O e 163,1 mg/kgPV para H2 18O) e amostras de sangue foram coletadas em intervalos de 3 dias, até que 3 ou 4 meias vidas dos isótopos tenham decorrido (atingindo o limite de detecção em aproximadamente 30 dias após a dosificação). As curvas de desaparecimento dos isótopos em função do tempo foram utilizadas para calcular o turnover de CO2 e H2O. Os resultados obtidos pelos dois métodos foram semelhantes (111,4 e 112,0 kcal/kg.75.d) comprovando que a técnica da água duplamente marcada pode ser utilizada em estudos nutricionais de cervídeos. Informações de doses (mg/kgPV) e intervalo máximo entre aplicação e coleta de sangue (30 dias), permitem o uso desta metodologia em estudos futuros em vida livre. No PNE, veados-campeiro já monitorados com radio colares, permitiram a observação de seu comportamento alimentar. O experimento foi realizado em duas épocas distintas (inverno e verão). As espécies foram analisadas quanto à composição nutricional, para estimar valores energéticos assim como consumo de minerais e proteína. As contribuições das diferentes espécies que compõem a dieta dos cervídeos foram estimadas para duas populações em vida livre, uma com acesso apenas a espécies nativas (área central do parque) e outra com acesso às espécies cultivadas na periferia do PNE. Os sinais isotópicos do carbono 13 e os perfis de n-alcanos foram utilizados para quantificar a contribuição das diferentes espécies ingeridas. Os resultados indicaram que os veados-campeiro utilizam uma ampla gama de partes e espécies vegetais. Sua dieta é composta por aproximadamente 78 ítens, divididos em brotos (38,5%), folhas (15,4%), flores (17,9%), botões florais (12,8%), frutos e sementes (15,4%); de 55 diferentes espécies nativas e 7 culturas agrícolas. Há grande diferença no padrão de consumo entre as populações no interior do parque e aquelas que tem possibilidade de selecionar plantas cultivadas pelo homem. As espécies agrícolas podem contribuir com até 46,9% da dieta dos cervídeos da periferia do parque. Este trabalho determinou as exigências de energia de cervídeos brasileiros, validou o uso de uma técnica indireta para futuros estudos em vida livre e descreveu as espécies e partes utilizadas como aporte de nutrientes por cervídeos em vida livre.There are limited data on energy requirements of brazilian cervids. Thus, it is difficult to succeed in their management and reproduction in captivity. Knowing the energy requirements is also important to determine the necessary nutritional resources for their conservation in parks and reserves. The first objective was to study the nutritional requirements of the grey-brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) in captivity. The second objective was to observe the feeding behavior of the pampas-deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) in the Emas National Park (ENP), describing qualitatively and quantitatively the main vegetal species used to supply these animals with nutrients. The determination of energy requirements for maintenance used 8 gray-brocket deer of both sexes in captivity and was carried through two methods: a)weight equilibrium and b)double-labeled water (2H2 18O). The animals were dosed with double-labeled water (111.8 mg/kgBW for 2H2O and 163.1 mg/kgBW for H2 18O) and blood samples were collected with 3 days interval, until 3 or 4 half lives of isotopes had occurred (reached limit of detection at approximately 30 days after the dosage). The curves of isotopes disappearance as a function of time were used to calculate the turnover of CO2 and H2O. The results obtained from the two methods were similar (111.4 and 112.0 kcal/kg.75.d) proving the double-labeled water technique may be used in nutritional studies of cervids. Information on doses (mg/kgBW) and maximum interval between injection and blood collection (30days), allow the use of this methodology in future studies with free ranging deer. In the national park, pampas-deer already monitored with radio colars, facilitated the observation of their feeding behavior. The experiment was conducted at two distinct seasons (winter and summer). The species were analyzed for the nutritional composition, to estimate energy values as well as mineral and protein consumption. The contributions of the different species to the diet of the cervids were estimated for two free ranging populations of the national park, one with access only to native species (central area of the park) and another with access to the crop species cultivated in the periphery of the park. The isotopic signals of carbon 13 and profiles of n-alkanes were used to quantify the contribution of different species to supply the energy demands. The results indicated that pampas-deer feeds on a broad spectrum parts and vegetal species. Its diet was composed of approximately 78 different parts, divided in sprouts (38.5%), leaves (15.4%), flowers (17.9%), floral buttons (12.8%), fruits and seeds (15.4%); from 55 different native species and 7 agricultural cultures. There is a great difference in the intake selection patterns between populations in the interior of the park and those that have access to cropland and the opportunity to choose feeding on native or cultivated plants. The agricultural species can contribute with up to 46.9% of deer diet of the park periphery. This work determined the requirements of energy of Brazilian cervids, validated the use of one indirect technique for use in free ranging animals and described the species and parts used to supply nutrients to cervids in the wild.
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Silva, Daniel Cunha da. "MoSAC: um m?dulo para sele??o de configura??es arquiteturais baseado em crit?rios de QoS no contexto de sistema distribu?dos autoadaptativos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18013.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-17The process for choosing the best components to build systems has become increasingly complex. It becomes more critical if it was need to consider many combinations of components in the context of an architectural configuration. These circumstances occur, mainly, when we have to deal with systems involving critical requirements, such as the timing constraints in distributed multimedia systems, the network bandwidth in mobile applications or even the reliability in real-time systems. This work proposes a process of dynamic selection of architectural configurations based on non-functional requirements criteria of the system, which can be used during a dynamic adaptation. This proposal uses the MAUT theory (Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) for decision making from a finite set of possibilities, which involve multiple criteria to be analyzed. Additionally, it was proposed a metamodel which can be used to describe the application s requirements in terms of the non-functional requirements criteria and their expected values, to express them in order to make the selection of the desired configuration. As a proof of concept, it was implemented a module that performs the dynamic choice of configurations, the MoSAC. This module was implemented using a component-based development approach (CBD), performing a selection of architectural configurations based on the proposed selection process involving multiple criteria. This work also presents a case study where an application was developed in the context of Digital TV to evaluate the time spent on the module to return a valid configuration to be used in a middleware with autoadaptative features, the middleware AdaptTV
O processo para a escolha dos melhores componentes a serem usados na constru??o de sistemas tem se tornado cada vez mais complexo; isso se torna mais cr?tico quando precisamos considerar v?rias combina??es de componentes a serem escolhidos no contexto de uma configura??o arquitetural. Essa preocupa??o ocorre, principalmente, quando lidamos com sistemas que envolvem requisitos cr?ticos, como por exemplo, as restri??es temporais nos sistemas multim?dia distribu?dos, a largura de banda da rede nas aplica??es m?veis ou at? mesmo a confiabilidade em sistemas de tempo real. Este trabalho prop?e um processo de sele??o din?mica de configura??es arquiteturais baseado nos requisitos n?o funcionais do sistema, os quais poder?o ser utilizados durante uma adapta??o din?mica. A presente proposta utiliza a teoria MAUT (Multi-Attribute Utility Theory) para a tomada de decis?o a partir de um conjunto finito de possibilidades, as quais envolvem m?ltiplos crit?rios a serem analisados. Adicionalmente, foi proposto um metamodelo capaz de descrever as necessidades da aplica??o, em termos dos requisitos n?o funcionais e seus respectivos valores esperados, para que as mesmas possam ser interpretadas pelo processo a fim de realizar a sele??o da configura??o desejada. Como prova de conceito, foi implementado um m?dulo que realiza a escolha din?mica das configura??es, o MoSAC. Esse m?dulo foi implementado utilizando a abordagem de desenvolvimento baseado em componentes (DBC) realizando a sele??o das configura??es arquiteturais baseado no processo de sele??o proposto neste trabalho envolvendo m?ltiplos crit?rios. Esse trabalho tamb?m apresenta um estudo do caso onde foi desenvolvido uma aplica??o no contexto de TV Digital para avaliar o tempo que o m?dulo gasta para retornar uma configura??o v?lida a ser utilizada em um middleware com caracter?sticas autoadaptativas; para isso foi utilizado o middleware AdaptTV
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Oliveira, Romeu Ferreira de. "Um m?todo semi-automatizado para elicita??o de requisitos de acessibilidade Web." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18113.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-26Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
In the context of Software Engineering, web accessibility is gaining more room, establishing itself as an important quality attribute. This fact is due to initiatives of institutions such as the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) and the introduction of norms and laws such as Section 508 that underlie the importance of developing accessible Web sites and applications. Despite these improvements, the lack of web accessibility is still a persistent problem, and could be related to the moment or phase in which this requirement is solved within the development process. From the moment when Web accessibility is generally regarded as a programming problem or treated when the application is already developed entirely. Thus, consider accessibility already during activities of analysis and requirements specification shows itself a strategy to facilitate project progress, avoiding rework in advanced phases of software development because of possible errors, or omissions in the elicitation. The objective of this research is to develop a method and a tool to support requirements elicitation of web accessibility. The strategy for the requirements elicitation of this method is grounded by the Goal-Oriented approach NFR Framework and the use of catalogs NFRs, created based on the guidelines contained in WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guideline) proposed by W3C
No contexto de Engenharia de Software, a Acessibilidade Web vem ganhando cada vez mais espa?o, se firmando como um importante atributo de qualidade. Esse fato se deve a iniciativas de institui??es como a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) e ao surgimento de normas e leis como a Section 508 que fundamentam a import?ncia de elaborar sites e aplica??es Web acess?veis. Apesar dessas melhorias, a falta de acessibilidade na web ainda ? um problema persistente, e pode est? relacionada ao momento ou a fase em que este requisito ? tratado dentro do processo de desenvolvimento. Tendo em vista que a Acessibilidade Web geralmente ? considerada como um problema de programa??o ou tratada quando o aplicativo j? est? totalmente desenvolvido. Dessa forma, considerar a acessibilidade j? durante as atividades de an?lise e especifica??o de requisitos se mostra uma estrat?gia para facilitar o andamento do projeto, evitando retrabalho em fases avan?adas do desenvolvimento de software por causa de poss?veis erros, falhas ou omiss?es na elicita??o. O objetivo desta pesquisa ? desenvolver um m?todo e uma ferramenta para apoiar a elicita??o dos requisitos de acessibilidade web. A estrat?gia de elicita??o presente neste m?todo ? fundamentada atrav?s da abordagem orientada a metas do NFR Framework e na utiliza??o de cat?logos de RNFs, criados com base nas diretrizes contidas no WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guideline) proposto pela W3C
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LABRADA, SOSA Ailed. "Modelli di organizzazione e gestione. Modello di organizzazione e gestione integrato per gestire in un'ottica di prevenzione e miglioramento continuo le problematiche relative alla salute e alla sicurezza sul lavoro." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/30445.
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Carvalho, Marta Ribeiro. "The n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids requirement and effect on hepatic composition and histopathology of meagre (Argyrosomus regius, Asso, 1801) fingerlings." Master's thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/107403.
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Carvalho, Marta Ribeiro. "The n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids requirement and effect on hepatic composition and histopathology of meagre (Argyrosomus regius, Asso, 1801) fingerlings." Dissertação, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/107403.
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Mancini, Marco. "Agronomic techniques for precision management of field crops." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1275132.
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Nel, Annette, and Annette Nel. "Die voorspelling van akademiese sukses binne konteks van 'n alternatiewe universiteitstoelatingsbeleid." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6921.
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M. A.The inequalities regarding opportunities for the various cultural groups in South Africa to obtain access to tertiary education, could largely be attributed to the insufficient schooling that was available to black scholars until now. A new political dispensation and the coupled drastic changes to the educational system, including tertiary institutions, demands that the admission policies regulating the access tot tertiary education be reviewed and changed to provide for the educationally disadvantaged student. The Rand Afrikaans University created an alternative admission policy to accommodate educationally disadvantaged students and or students who do not qualify in terms of the usual admission criteria. Apart from certain minimum requirements, the policy requires that the learning and developmental potential of the prospective students be established. Language proficiency, intelligence, learning potential and other non-cognitive components are elements of the alternative evaluation. RAU found that the admission policy creates the necessity to research the predictive validity of the cognitive part of the test battery, with regard to the criterium academic performance. This research project attempted to assess whether the psychometric test battery which the University uses, within the framework of an academic support programme called Project 100, can be viewed as valid in predicting future academic performance of these students. The battery includes the measurement of intelligence by means of the LSAT; learning potential as assessed by the APIL; as well as language proficiency that is measured by using the Leesbegripstoets and the Reading Comprehension Test. M-score was also included into the statistical procedures, as to see whether the predictive validity of this factor is really as low as it is generally assumed. The statistical procedures that were employed to establish the predictive validity, included correlation coefficients for determining the validity of the individual components. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive validity of the components of the battery in conjunction with each other. Using the technique of discriminant analysis, the success of grouping through the test battery was assessed - looking at the proportion of the cases correctly classified into the categories pass, fail, and no admission to exam; and the categories successful and unsuccessful. The individual correlation coefficients revealed that each component correlated significantly with academic performance. M-score also correlated with academic performance, but this coefficient was the lowest of all the factors. The component which correlated highest with academic performance, was language proficiency. The GSAT and the APIL correlated to the same extent with performance, and the relationship between the two instruments was also relatively high. This implies that these two instruments probably measures the same construct. The results from the regression analysis proved M-score, APIL and the GSAT in combination to explain more of the variance in academic performance than any of these factors individually. M-score seems to explain other aspects of performance than intelligence and learning potential, and should for this reason be reckoned with when assessing a prospective student's potential success. The discriminant analysis showed that the tests successfully distinguish between the categories successful and unsuccessful, but not between the three categories pass, fail and no admission to exam. The factors should however never be seen in isolation. No single factor can predict academic performance to the full. The person should be seen as a whole, and the influence of non-cognitive factors should always be kept in mind.
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Kersop, Louise. "Kognitiewe en nie-kognitiewe voorspellers van akademiese sukses met betrekking tot 'n universiteit se alternatiewe en hertoelatingsbeleid." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1536.
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Kanga, Jean Serge. "Estimating the voluntary herbage intake and digestibility of growing pigs fed a concentrate supplement on a Kikuyu pasture by the N-alkane and acid-isoluble ash markers." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4043.
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Pigs can consume a wide range of feeds to meet their nutritional needs and there is a renewed interest in the use of cheaper nutrient resources for animal feeding. Forages have been proved to be a substantial source of nutrients for pigs, however, the bulk of the existing work has focused on sows and grower-finisher pigs above 50 kg. This study was conducted during May-June 2009 at the Agricultural Research Council (Irene, Pretoria) to determine the voluntary forage intake and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs fed a mixed diet (concentrate + Kikuyu grass). Twenty five 8 weeks old Large White x Landrace crossbred pigs (27 ± 3.8 kg) were blocked by weight into 5 groups of 5 pigs each. One of 5 treatments (A, B, C, D and E), corresponding to 100, 90, 80, 70 and 80 % of a basal concentrate ration, respectively, was randomly assigned to a pig within each block. Indoor treatments were either fed the concentrate only (A) or also received freshly cut Kikuyu grass (Pennissetum clandestinum) ad libitum (B, C and D). Only treatment E animals were housed outdoors in Kikuyu grass paddocks while all other treatments were housed indoors. Forage intake was recorded daily and also estimated using a pair of n-alkanes as markers. Nutrient and diet digestibility were calculated using acid-insoluble ash (AIA) and dotriacontane (C32) as markers. The results showed that the concentrate intake (CI) in treatments A, B and C was significantly different from treatments C and E (P < 0.05) and there was positive correlation between the concentrate level and its intake (P < 0.01). The recorded intake of Kikuyu grass (RKI) and the animal’s average daily gain (ADG) were similar between treatments (P > 0.05). The estimated (EKI) and recorded (RKI) Kikuyu grass intakes were not influenced by CI or the level of concentrate allowance (CL) and RKI was higher (P < 0.05) than EKI. Digestibility estimates with AIA were higher than C32
Keywords: Dotriacontane; Kikuyu; growth performance; forage; monogastrics estimates (P < 0.05). It was concluded that Kikuyu grass intake was not affected by the reduction of the concentrate level allowance. It was proposed that forage intake in a mixed diet (forage + concentrate) was more dependant on its own characteristics than the concentrate’s nutritional value.Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology
M. Sc. (Agriculture)
21
Kellerman, Esther Elizabeth. "'n Linguistiese ondersoek na die tradisionele kleurterme van Noord-Sotho (Afrikaans)." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29019.
Full textAbstract:
In this study a linguistic investigation of the traditional colour terms of Northern Sotho was carried out. The research comprised three separate phases. In all three phases two aspects were emphasised, namely, the nature of the concept underlying each colour term and the nature and extent to which the selection requirements of the term affected the antecedent. In the first phase, the definitions of selected colour terms, as given in three standard Northern Sotho dictionaries, were studied and compared. These dictionaries included: Pukuntšu, The New Sesotho Dictionary and the Groot Noord-Sotho Woordeboek. Special reference was made to (a) the description of colour as given in the definition, and (b) the selection requirements with regard to the antecedent. The concept “colour term” itself is problematic as the definitions of these terms encompass more than mere references to colour. When comparing the definitions of these terms in Northern Sotho dictionaries, however, little unanimity could be found regarding: (a) the the concept underlying the colour terms, and (b) the selection requirements of these terms in respect of the antecedent. In phase two, six mother-tongue speakers of Northern Sotho were interviewed. The descriptions of the colour terms provided by these respondents were then analysed in the same manner as that of the dictionaries. The informants were all professional people with notable linguistic ability and knowledge of livestock. An Electronic Data Base (compiled by the Department of African Languages, University of Pretoria) was consulted in the third phase of study. The objective of this phase was to collect data on the frequency of use of these colour terms and in light of this to make deductions on their selection requirements. Finally, a synthesis was made of the information collected during the three phases. As indicated above, this is a practical study falling within the ambit of the science of language-usage. At most it can be claimed that the conceptualisation of colour and the manner in which it is reflected in language, has a psycho-linguistic basis. As a result of the nature of the study, it could not always be carried out within a strict theoretical framework.Dissertation (M A (African Languages))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
African Languages
unrestricted
22
Naudé, Christelle. "Die ontslag van stakers op grond van deelname aan 'n beskermde staking." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15584.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansSummaries in English and Afrikaans
Die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika en die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge verleen aan werknemers die reg om te staak. Die reg is egter nie onbeperk nie. Op grond van die voldoening aan wetlike vereistes, word stakings as beskermd of onbeskermd geklassifiseer. Beskermde stakers kan ontslaan word weens wangedrag tydens die staking of op grond van die bedryfsvereistes van die werkgewer. Die werkgewer se bedryfsvereistes sal ontslag regverdig indien sy /haar vlak van toleransie bereik is. Dit sal die geval wees indien die werkgewer se besigheid met ondergang gedreig word of onherroeplike skade gaan ly, sou die staking voortduur. Aile relevante faktore moet egter in ag geneem word. Daar is nie tans 'n vasgestelde toets in die verband nie en daar word ook aan die hand gedoen dat billikheid, met inagneming van al die relevante faktore en omstandighede, die belangrikste oorweging moet wees. 'n Vasgestelde toets vir die bepaling van die werkgewer se vlak van toleransie, word afgekeur.
The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the Labour Relations Act give employees the right to strike. This right is, however, not unlimited. By reason of the satisfaction of statutory requirements, strikes are classified as protected or unprotected. Protected strikers may be dismissed for misconduct during the strike or by reason of the operational requirements of the employer. The employer's operational requirements will justify dismissal when his/her level of tolerance is reached. This will be the case when the employer's business is on the brink of extinction or about to suffer irreparable harm. All the relevant facts must however be taken into account. Currently there is no definite test in this regard and it is proposed that fairness, taking into account all the relevant facts and circumstances, be the overriding consideration. A specific test for the determination of the employer's level of tolerance must be rejected.
Economics and Management Sciences
LL.M.
23
April, Roderick Graham. "Ontwikkeling van eksamineringspraktyke in die skole van Suidwes-Afrika / Namibië : 'n histories-opvoedkundige ondersoek en evaluering." Diss., 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17903.
Full textAbstract:
Eksamineringspraktyke in skole in Namibie is die fokuspunt van hierdie studie.
'n Historiese ondersoek is ingestel na die bree, algemene eksamenstelsels van die verlede.
Op grond van die tekortkominge en gebreke van die Kaaplandse Onderwysdepartement-eksamenstelsel,
is die noodsaaklikheid en wenslikheid van die herbeplanning en verbetering van
die eksamenstelsel uitgelig.
Daar is gefokus op die HIGHERIINl'ERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF
SECONDARY EDUCATION-eksamenstelsel, ten einde vas te stel of algemene erkende
opvoedkundige beginsels, prosedures en werkswyses tot op datum in die eksamenstelsel vergestalt
is.
'n Uitvloeisel van die bevindings in hierdie studie is dat die huidige eksamenstelsel tekortkominge
weerspieel, maar dat die historiese beperkinge oorbrug kan word
Die afleiding word gemaak dat alle onderwysbelanghebbendes moet saamwerk aan
verbeteringstrategiee ten opsigte van die huidige eksamenstelsel.
Die hoop word uitgespreek dat die hele eksamenstelsel so spoedig moontlik, maar na deeglike beplanning, volledig sal verinheems.Examination practices in schools in Namibia is the focal point of this study. An historical research has been done into the general examination systems of the past On account of the shortcomings and constraints of the Cape Education Deparbnent examination system, the necessity and desirability of the restructuring and betterment of the examination system is highlighted. The emphasis is put on the HIGHER/ INI'ERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION to determine whether generally accepted educational principles, procedures and methods have been embodied in the examination system. The present Namibian examination system is still insufficient. However, much can be done to overcome the historical constraints. The conclusion was reached that each and every stakeholder should work together to devise strategies for the betterment of the examination system. The author trusts that the whole examination system will, as soon as possible but after thorough planning, become totally indigenous.
Educational Studies
M. Ed. (Historiese Opvoedkunde)
24
Pienaar, Nicolaas Albertus. "Verslag van die maatskaplike werker ingevolge artikels 14(4) en 15(1) van die Wet op Kindersorg as 'n juridies gefundeerde hulpmiddel vir die kinderhof." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15779.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansIn hierdie ondersoek word gepoog om 'n regswetenskaplike basis vir "Die Verslag van die Maatskaplike Werker ingevolge artikels 14(4) en 15(1) van die Wet op Kindersorg as 'n Juridies Gefundeerde Hulpmiddel vir die Kinderhof' daar te stel. Die studie fokus onder andere op vroeere wetgewing rakende sekere regte van kinders voor die instelling van kinderhowe in Suid-Afrika, die aard en instelling van die kinderhof, die posisie van kinderhowe binne die hierargie van howe en die kinderhof se handeling. Ooreenkomstig die administratiefreg word die klem veral geplaas op die regsvereistes wat vir alle administratiewe handelinge geld - soos deur Wiechers (1984) gesistematiseer en deur Eckard (1988) op kinderhofondersoeke van toepassing gemaak is. Regswetenskaplike begrippe met inagneming van die relevante gemeneregtelike beginsels, die tussentydse Grondwet, ander relevante wetgewing en regspraak word ontleed ten einde die betekenis en invloed daarvan vir die verslag van die maatskaplike werker duidelik te maak. By implikasie hied hierdie ontleding ook riglyne vir die skryf van die verslag vanuit 'n regsperspektief. Aan die hand van genoemde regsperspektiewe word 'n voorlopige model binne 'n bepaalde struktuur vir die skryf van hierdie verslag voorgestel. Die regsbeginsels wat ontleed is, word doelgerig en planmatig aangewend in 'n poging om uitvoering aan die doelstellings van die kinderhof te verleen en die bewyswaarde van inligting maksimaal te verhoog. Kritiese stellings asook verskeie dilemmas waarmee die maatskaplike werkers in die praktyk te make het, word aangespreek en word nuwe betekenis aan die begrippe "maatskaplike werker" en "verslag" rakende kinderhofaangeleenthede verleen. By wyse van 'n beperkte verkennende empmese ondersoek binne die Christelike Maatskaplike Raad van Noord-Transvaal, word bestaande kritiek betreffende die verslae wat maatskaplike werkers aan kinderhowe lewer asook die maatskaplike werker se beperkinge rakende relevante regskennis bevestig. Spesifieke behoeftes aan kennis word geldentifiseer en 'n hernieude maatskaplikewerkperspektief rakende kinderhofwerk as 'n spesialiteitsgebied binne die maatskaplikewerkterrein word bevestig. Verder word die regsvereistes asook ander relevante vereistes wat op die verslag van toepassing behoort te wees, en soos vanuit die literatuurstudie bepaal is, beaam. Hierdie ondersoek is 'n nuwe bydrae tot die maatskaplikewerkvakliteratuur en baan die weg tot verdere navorsing en ontwikkeling op hierdie terrein.
This investigation attempts to establish a jurisprudential basis for the "The Report of the Social Worker according to articles 14(4) and 15(1) of the Act on Child Welfare as a Juridically Based Aid for the Children's Court". The study focuses inter alia on earlier legislation concerning certain rights of children prior to the establishment of children's courts in South Africa; the nature and institution of children's courts; the position of children's courts within the hierarchy of courts, as well as actions of the children's court. In accordance with Administrative Law the accent falls especially on legal requirements for all administrative actions as systematised by Wiechers (1984) and as applied by Eckard (1988) to examination in such courts. An analysis is made of jurisprudential concepts such as Common Law principles, the Interim Constitution, and other relevant acts of parliament and court verdicts in order to clarify their meaning and influence for this report. By implication this analysis also furnishes guidelines for writing the report within jurisprudential perspectives. With the aid of these perspectives a preliminruy model is presented within a specific structure for the writing of this report. The jurisprudential principles analysed, are purposively and methodically applied in an attempt to satisfy the goals of the children's court and maximise the value of evidence given. Critical statements and several dilemmas confronting social work practice are addressed, and in the court situation new meaning is accorded to concepts such as "social worker" and "report". By means of a limited exploratory empirical investigation within the confines of the Christian Social Services of the Northern Transvaal the present criticism of reports delivered to courts by social workers as well as their jurisprudential limitations have been confirmed. Specific knowledge deficiencies have been identified and a renewed social work perspective on children's courts as specialist field in social work has been established. Legal and other relevant requirements for this report - as found in the literature study - have been confirmed. This investigation constitutes a new contribution to social work literature and opens the way to further research and development in this field.
Private Law
D. Phil. (Social Work)
25
Rödel, Harry. "Nothing : how can some buildings have the sensatio[n] of weightlessness? An explanatory document submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture, UNITEC [New Zealand] /." Diss., 2008. http://www.coda.ac.nz/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=unitec_arch_di.
Full text
26
Van, Rensburg Angelique Gene Janse. "Aspekte van deursoeking en beslaglegging in Suid Afrikaanse openbare skole : n Vergelykende studie." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3921.
Full textAbstract:
Afrikaans textThe Canadian and South African legal systems established equivalent constitutional values and principles pertaining to searches conducted with or without a valid search warrant. It creates the basis for a comparative study on this particular aspect. The Supreme Court of Canada held in R v A. M 2008 S.C.C 19 random sniffer dog searches conducted without neither a reasonable suspicion nor any legislative authority on learners enrolled in public schools, is unconstitutional due to its infringement of a learner's reasonable expectation to privacy, as protected in section 8 of the Canadian Charter of rights and Freedoms. South African learners are randomly search by law enforcement officers by using sniffer dogs for purposes of detecting the possession of illegal drugs in instances without neither a reasonable suspicion nor statutory authority. The search is subsequently conducted in terms of the common law. The common law is not regarded as law of general application to limit a fundamental right in terms of the limitation clause. By taking into consideration the ratio in R v A. M (supra) the conclusion is subsequently that random sniffer dog searches conducted on learners in South African public schools, without neither a reasonable suspicion nor statutory authority, is unconstitutional which infringes section 14 of the Constitution of South Africa of 1996.
Die basis vir hierdie studie is ontleen aan die ooreenstemmende vereistes en beginsels in die Kanadese en Suid Afrikaanse reg ten aansien van deursoekings met of sonder 'n wettige lasbrief uitgevoer. In die Kanadese beslissing van R v A.M 2008 SCC 19 is die grondwetlikheid van ewekansige deursoekings met behuip van snuffelhonde op leerders sonder statutere magtiging uitgevoer, deur die Supreme Court of Canada as ongrondwetlik bevind aangesien 'n leerder wel oor 'n redelike verwagting op privaatheid beskik. Indien leerders sonder 'n redelike vermoede en statutere magtiging met behuip van snuffelhonde deursoek word, geskied dit ingevolge die gemenereg en dit word nie beskou as 'n algemeen geldende reg om 'n fundamentele reg kragtens die beperkingsklousule te beperk nie. Met inagneming van die ratio in R v A.M (supra) kan daar dus tot die gevolgtrekking gekom word dat ewekansige deursoekings met behulp van snuffelhonde op Suid Afrikanse leerders in die afwesigheid van 'n redelike vermoede asook sonder statutere magtiging uitgevoer, tans ongrondwetlike optrede daarstel wat op artikel 14 van die Grondwet van 1996 inbreuk maak.
Law (College)
LL.M.
27
Lizarraga-Madrigal, Ignacio. "Spinal analgesic interaction between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor systems : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Veterinary Science, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1466.
Full textAbstract:
Activation of spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors stimulates cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide pathways. Compounds that block the activity of these NMDA receptor systems reduce pain hypersensitivity. However, their usefulness is limited by the side effects they produce. One way of reducing side effects is by combining drugs that produce the same overt effect by different mechanisms, which hopefully increase the net effect. In these series of studies, drugs that interact with NMDA receptor systems and their combinations were screened in vitro to identify spinal antinociceptive synergistic combinations that could be assessed in vivo. Based on developmental changes in thresholds, conduction velocities and blocking actions of the local anaesthetic lignocaine in neonatal rat L4/L5 dorsal root potentials, it was decided to use spinal cord in vitro preparation from 5- to 7-day-old rat pups. In single drug studies, the NMDA receptor channel blocker ketamine (1-50 µM) and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen (200-600 µM), but not the NSAID salicylate (1000 µM) and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1-100 µM), reduced spinal NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. Ketamine also depressed non-NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. Using isobolographic and composite additive line analyses, fixed-ratio combinations of ketamine and ketoprofen, ketamine and L-NAME, and ketopofen and L-NAME synergistically depressed NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. The two former combinations had a subadditive effect on non-NMDA receptor-mediated transmission, and the latter had no significant effect. These studies identified that all combinations synergistically reduced both nociceptive transmission and potential side effects. In free-moving sheep implanted with indwelling cervical intrathecal catheters, 100 µ1 subdural administration of ketamine (25-400 µM) and ketoprofen (200-3200 µM) alone and in a fixed-ratio combination (873.95-3350.78 µM, 0.045:0.955) did not raise nociceptive thresholds as assessed by mechanical stimulation of one foreleg. Subdural administration of NMDA (2 mM) decreased mechanical nociceptive thresholds, and this was prevented by the highest concentrations of ketamine and ketoprofen alone and in combination. These findings demonstrated that NMDA receptor channel blockers and NSAIDs alone or in combination had no direct hypoalgesic effects when given onto the spinal cord of sheep, but they prevented NMDA-induced pain hypersensitivity. Simultaneous blockade of NMDA receptor systems could have important clinical implications.
28
Dilrajh, Kamla Moonsamy. "Fasiliteringsvaardighede vir T2-Afrikaansonderrig." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2450.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansSummaries in Afrikaans and English
This study aims to investigate and explain how the L2 -facilitator can effectively employ the various facilitation skills of language teaching in Afrikaans Second Language within the Outcomes Based Education framework in the learner-centred classroom. The facilitator is critical in providing an opportunity for multicultural learners to develop the necessary language learning skills to enjoy Afrikaans Second Language/Additional Language learning as an interesting learning experience within a positive learning milieu. In the learner-centred U -classroom, learners too must accept responsibility for their own and their peers' learning within the co-operative learning group. This study reveals how the L2 -facilitator can develop the necessary knowledge and skills concerning groupwork, such as the strategies enhancing L 2 -learning, effective group facilitation skills, learner attitudes towards the facilitator, problem-solving skills, co-operative learning as a control technique, communication, learners' behaviour and the advantages of groupwork. Furthermore, elements of classroom negotiation and the facilitator's methods of working in this negotiated partnership are also discussed. Since language learning is integral to lifelong learning, multicultural learners must be motivated to learn Afrikaans Second/ Additional language with greater enthusiasm. This necessitates the L2 -facilitator creating an interesting, challenging and authentic language learning environment where mutual respect and trust are emphasised. This study reveals how the L2 -facilitator could develop his/her knowledge of task-based L2 -teaching and use it with the effective techniques of facilitation and negotiation skills in the taskorientated second language classroom to lead learners to effective Afrikaans L2 -learning. The new National Language Standardisation Policy 200112002 necessitates the facilitator of Afrikaans L 2 -teaching/learning within the Outcomes Based Education framework and the revised Curriculum 2005 to be aufait with assessment and his/her role in assessment. Being knowledgeable on the various criteria and strategies regarding assessment is therefore imperative. Finally, chapter five illustrates practically how the facilitator could plan, organise, base, integrate and present authentic Afrikaans L 2 -lessons/work based on the theoretical knowledge and aspects of facilitation skills, group-work, task-based learning and assessment discussed in chapters two to four.
Daar word in die studie gepoog om te ondersoek en te verduidelik hoe die T2-fasiliteerder die verskillende fasiliteringsvaardighede ten opsigte van T2 -Afrikaansonderrig binne die UGO -raamwerk in die leerdergesentreerde T2-klaskamer effektief kan gebruik. Die fasiliteerder behoort sy multikulturele leerders die geleentheid te gun om die nodige taalleervaardighede te ontwikkel sodat hulle Afrikaans Tweedetaalleer/ Addisionele Taalleer as 'n interessante leerervaring binne 'n positiewe leerklimaat kan geniet. In die leerdergesentreerde T2 -klaskamer moet die leerders ook die verantwoordelikheid vir bulle eie leer, en vir die leer van ander leerders binne kooperatiewe leergroepe kan aanvaar. Die wyse waarop die fasiliteerder van T2-leer die nodige kennis en vaardighede ten opsigte van groepwerk kan ontwikkel, word deur die studie aan die lig gebring. Die verskillende strategiee wat die aanleer van die tweedetaal binne groepwerk bevorder, effektiewe groepsfasiliteringsvaardighede, leerders se gesindhede teenoor die fasiliteerder, die probleemoplossingsvaardighede, kooperatiewe leer as beheertegniek, kommunikasie, leerdergedragswyses en die voordele van groepwerk kom aan bod. Elemente van klaskameronderhandeling en die fasiliteerder se werkswyse in die onderhandelingsvennootskap word ook bespreek. Aangesien taalleer 'n integrale faset van lewenslange leer vorm, moet multikulturele leerders gemotiveer word om Afrikaans Tweedetaal/ Addisionele Taal op 'n meer entoesiastiese wyse te kan leer. Die T2 -fasiliteerder moet 'n interessante, uitdagende, outentieke taalleeromgewing skep waarin wedersydse respek en vertroue beklemtoon word. Die studie toon die wyse aan waarop die T2 -fasiliteerder sylhaar kennis in verband met taakgerigte T2 -onderrig kan ontwikkel en dit met die effektiewe fasiliteringstegnieke en onderhandelingsvaardighede in die taakgeorienteerde T2-klaskamer kan kombineer en gebruik om leerders tot effektiewe T2 -Afrikaansleer/ Addisionele Taalleer te kan lei. Die nuwe Nasionale Taalstandaardiseringsbeleid 2001/2002 vereis dat die fasiliteerder van T2-Afrikaansonderrig/-leer binne die UGO -raamwerk en die hersiene Kurrikulum 2005 deeglike kennis moet dra van assessering en sylhaar rol in assessering. Deeglike kennis ten opsigte van die verskillende assesseringskriteria en assesseringstegnieke is dus noodsaaklik. Daar word in hoofstuk vyf aangetoon op watter wyse die fasiliteerder outentieke praktiese T2-Afrikaanslesse/-werk, kan beplan, organiseer en dit op die teoretiese kennis en aspekte ten opsigte van fasiliteringsvaardighede, groepwerk, taakgerigte leer en assessering wat in hoofstukke twee tot vier bespreek word, kan toepas en geintegreerd kan aanbied.
Afrikaans and Theory of Literature
D.Litt. et Phil. (Afrikaans)