Relevant bibliographies by topics / N requirement

Academic literature on the topic 'N requirement'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "N requirement"

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Trottier, Nathalie L., and Luis O. Tedeschi. "Dietary nitrogen utilisation and prediction of amino acid requirements in equids." Animal Production Science 59, no. 11 (2019): 2057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19304.

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The equine population represents an important sector of animal agriculture and, thus, contributes to environmental contamination. The horse industry lags behind other livestock industries in developing prediction models to estimate N and amino acid (AA) requirements aimed at precision feeding and management to optimise animal health and performance while mitigating nutrient excretion. Effective predictions of N utilisation and excretion are based on knowledge of ingredient protein quality and the determinants of N and AA requirements. Protein quality is evaluated on the basis of N and AA digestibility and AA composition. Amino acid composition of grains, pulses and oil seeds is extensive, but there is large deficit on that of forages. Several studies have reported on pre- and post-caecal N digestibility in horses, demonstrating that a large proportion of N from forages is metabolised post-caecally. Few have reported on AA digestibility. It is proposed that whole-tract (i.e. faecal) N and AA digestibility be used in evaluating feed-ingredient protein quality in equids to begin designing predictive models of N and AA requirements. Nitrogen gain and AA composition in deposited tissues and their corresponding efficiency of utilisation are the key determinants for a prediction model. We estimated that N utilisation for maintenance is 0.74. Maintenance requirements for N and AA were derived from faecal N and AA losses in horses and expressed as a function of dry-matter intake and from integument losses in swine. Relative to our factorial model, the NRC (2007) requirement for lysine and N is overestimated when based on a segmented curve and a breakpoint. When based on N equilibrium, lysine NRC (2007) requirement estimate agrees with our factorial model estimate, while N requirement is underestimated. The pool of AA profile used to express requirements of other essential AA has a large impact on requirement, as shown, in particular, for threonine. Threonine requirement based on faecal endogenous AA profile is higher than is lysine requirement for maintenance and lactation.
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Jaurena, G., J. M. Moorby, W. J. Fisher, and D. W. R. Davies. "Maternal nitrogen balance of dairy cows during late gestation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200007596.

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Previous results have shown that during late gestation even under conditions of live weight (LW) gain, maternal body protein can be in negative balance due to the highly demanding gravid uterus and udder. It has also been claimed that current feeding standards underpredict dry cow nitrogen (N) requirement. Considering that it is not possible to measure maternal body N status independently of the requirements of the conceptus and the udder, estimation of conceptus and udder N requirements by mathematical models can help to predict maternal N requirement. The aim of this study was to assess cow N requirement during late gestation by predicting maternal N balance through a mathematical model. Previous results related with this study were presented in Jaurena et al, (2001).
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Fournier, V., M. F. Gouillou-Coustans, R. Métailler, C. Vachot, M. J. Guedes, F. Tulli, A. Oliva-Teles, E. Tibaldit, and S. J. Kaushik. "Protein and arginine requirements for maintenance and nitrogen gain in four teleosts." British Journal of Nutrition 87, no. 5 (May 2002): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2002564.

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Besides being an indispensable amino acid for protein synthesis, arginine (Arg) is also involved in a number of other physiological functions. Available data on the quantitative requirement for Arg in different teleosts appear to show much variability. So far, there are very limited data on the maintenance requirements of indispensable amino acids (IAA) in fish. In the present study, we compared N and Arg requirements for maintenance and growth of four finfish species: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), turbot (Psetta maxima), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Groups of fish having an initial body weight close to 5–7 g were fed semi-purified diets containing graded levels of N (0 to 8 % DM) and Arg (0 to 3 % DM) over 4 to 6 weeks. For each species, N and Arg requirements for maintenance and for growth were calculated regressing daily N gain against daily N or Arg intakes. N requirement for maintenance was estimated to be 37·8, 127·3, 84·7 and 45·1 mg/kg metabolic body weight per d and 2·3, 2·2, 2·6 and 2·5 g for 1 g N accretion, in rainbow trout, turbot, gilthead seabream and European seabass respectively. The four species studied appear to have very low or no dietary Arg requirements for maintenance. Arg requirement for g N accretion was calculated to be 0·86 g in rainbow trout and between 1·04–1·11 g in the three marine species. Turbot required more N for maintenance than the other three species, possibly explaining its reputedly high overall dietary protein requirement. Data suggest a small but sufficient endogenous Arg synthesis to maintain whole body N balance and differences between freshwater and marine species as regards Arg requirement. It is worth verifying this tendency with other IAA.
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Hahne, Kathryn S., and Ursula K. Schuch*. "Nitrogen Requirement of Prosopis velutina Seedlings." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 818B—818. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.818b.

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The objective of this study was to determine whether mesquite (Prosopis velutina) seedlings have a preference for the ammonia or nitrate form of nitrogen (N), and to determine the optimum rate of N to maximize growth and minimize N leaching when seedlings are grown in different substrates. Mesquite seedlings were fertigated with different ratios of NH4+: NO3- to determine effects on shoot and root growth and N-uptake efficiency. Nutrient solution containing 67% NH4+ : 33% NO3- resulted in greatest biomass after 120 days of fertigation. N leachate remained stable until 12 weeks after the onset of treatment, but increased significantly by week 16. Subsequently, mesquite seedlings were grown in sand or soilless media and were fertigated with a solution of 67 % NH4+: 33% NO3- at a rate of 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg·L-1 of N. After 60 days, plants in media produced 41% more leaves and total biomass compared to those in sand. Leaf number was greatest for plants grown at 200 mg·L-1 of N in both substrates. Root biomass of plants in media showed no response to increasing N concentrations while root biomass of seedlings in sand were similar for the three lower N concentrations and nearly doubled for the highest one. Shoot biomass of seedlings receiving 25, 50, or 100 mg·L-1 of N was similar, but more than doubled for plants fertigated with 200 mg·L-1 of N. N leachate losses were highest from seedlings growing in sand and receiving the two higher N fertigations, those in media had greatest N leachate loss when fertigated at 200 mg·L-1 of N. For balanced mesquite seedling growth and minimum N leaching losses, concentrations between 50 to 100 mg·L-1 of N are recommended. Implications of using a sand culture system vs. soilless growing substrate for nutrition studies will be discussed.
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Nave, Lucas E., Christoph S. Vogel, Christopher M. Gough, and Peter S. Curtis. "Contribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to net primary productivity in a northern hardwood forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 6 (June 2009): 1108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-038.

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Net primary productivity (NPP) in northern temperate forests is an important part of the global carbon cycle. Because NPP often is limited by nitrogen (N), atmospheric N deposition (Ndep) may increase forest NPP. At a northern hardwood forest site in northern Lower Michigan, USA, we quantified rates of N supply by Ndep, canopy retention of Ndep (Ncr), and soil net N mineralization (Nmin); calculated the N requirement of NPP; and estimated the fraction of NPP that could be attributed to atmospheric N inputs. Net N mineralization supplied 42.6 kg N·ha–1·year–1 (84% of the NPP N requirement), and Ndep averaged 7.5 kg N·ha–1·year–1 (15%). The forest canopy retained 38% of Ndep (Ncr = 2.8 kg N·ha–1·year–1), primarily in the forms of organic N and NH4-N. Fine root (62%) and leaf (31%) N requirements dominated the NPP N requirement of 50.7 kg N·ha–1·year–1. Annual N supply by the processes we measured agreed very closely with the NPP N requirement, suggesting that internally cycled N and N of atmospheric origin contribute to the N nutrition of this forest. Our results indicate that up to 15% of the NPP at this site may be driven by atmospheric N inputs.
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Simopoulos, A. P. "Human Requirement for N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids." Poultry Science 79, no. 7 (July 2000): 961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.7.961.

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March, B. E. "Essential fatty acids in fish physiology." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 71, no. 9 (September 1, 1993): 684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y93-102.

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This paper emphasizes those aspects of fatty acid research in fish that have relevance to the investigation of the functions of essential fatty acids in other species. Lipid requirements of fish came under investigation only in the 1960s. The most significant finding has been the requirement for n − 3 fatty acids. The dietary ratio of (n − 3):(n − 6) is critical if the essential requirement is met by C18 fatty acids because of competition between fatty acids for the enzymes involved in elongation and desaturation to produce the physiologically essential long-chain fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of fish lipids varies according to the fatty acid profile of the dietary lipid. The fatty acid composition of fish also responds to temperature changes in an adaptive mechanism for maintenance of membrane homeoviscosity and physiological function over a range of temperatures. The dietary intake of essential fatty acids by brood stock must be adequate for ova formation and for embryonic development, with the latter requirement being more critical for reproductive success. Absolute requirements of fish for essential fatty acids are difficult to define and may vary depending upon the dietary ratio of (n − 3) to (n − 6) fatty acids.Key words: essential fatty acids, nutritive requirements, fish.
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Murphy, Mary E. "The protein requirement for maintenance in the White-crowned Sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 2111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-296.

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Assumptions about potential mismatches between protein demand and protein availability are implicit in many hypotheses pertaining to the ecology of wild birds. However, few direct measures of the protein requirements of wild birds have been made. I evaluated the requirement for protein for maintenance of a wild granivorous passerine, the White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). I estimated protein requirement from measures of endogenous nitrogen (N) loss, N balance, and changes in body mass in wintering adult birds. The experimental birds were kept indoors at 23 °C (8.5 h light: 15.5 h dark) and fed semisynthetic diets that differed only in their concentrations of protein (0–17.3%) and starch, which were reciprocally adjusted. The amino acid profiles of the protein in the diets were identical and were formulated to match the average amino acid profile of the mixed proteins of a diet containing grains, seeds, insects, and fruits. In White-crowned Sparrows, the protein requirements for maintenance of body mass (366 mg/d) and a positive N balance equal to that of birds ingesting the acclimation diets (436 mg/d) were 7.3 and 8.7% protein, respectively, in a diet containing 12.4 kJ apparent metabolizable energy per gram dry mass. The estimated minimum maintenance requirement for protein for N equilibrium, derived from regressing N excretion on N intake, equalled 264 mg protein/d, or ca. 5.3% dietary protein. Measures of endogenous N loss (endogenous urinary N loss plus metabolic fecal N loss) equalled 14.7 mg N/d, indicating that White-crowned Sparrows need to replace at least 92 mg body protein/d. Dietary protein content had little influence on the birds' utilization of dietary energy and daily metabolized energy. The apparent contradiction in the requirement for a positive N balance to maintain body mass is discussed.
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D., Kavitha, and Ravikumar S. "Software Security Requirement Engineering for Risk and Compliance Management." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 5 (March 30, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.e8628.0210421.

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The objective of the research work is to propose a software based security requirement engineering model using categorical and morphisms theory. The earlier security requirement engineering models focus different viewpoints on parallel processing and develop rewrite based knowledge centred models but does not include different functional mappings between the security objects to select the best strategy. The security models have not considered the needed security functions that are to be implemented in different environments with different levels of executions. The proposed requirement engineering model is based on the formal theory of category of objects and the morphisms between them in addition to n categories and multiple morphisms that were used to organize the security requirement functional objects of different categories. The on demand security requirement objects, morphisms and the uncertain events in any one of the subsystems are considered to manage this security requirement category as an algebraic data types. The collection of security requirement objects using classification and clustering techniques are implicitly applied by the formation of category and morphism. The risk and compliances both in the form of direct and indirect categories are mapped so as to provide a security assurance functors with minimum risk on the requirements to the next design state. An ‘n’ category and ‘n’ morphic model for software security requirement model is proposed towards for minimum security risks through efficient compliance management techniques.
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Kavitha, D., and S. Ravikumar. "Software Security Requirement Engineering for Risk and Compliance Management." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 5 (March 30, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.e8628.0310521.

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The objective of the research work is to propose a software based security requirement engineering model using categorical and morphisms theory. The earlier security requirement engineering models focus different viewpoints on parallel processing and develop rewrite based knowledge centred models but does not include different functional mappings between the security objects to select the best strategy. The security models have not considered the needed security functions that are to be implemented in different environments with different levels of executions. The proposed requirement engineering model is based on the formal theory of category of objects and the morphisms between them in addition to n categories and multiple morphisms that were used to organize the security requirement functional objects of different categories. The on demand security requirement objects, morphisms and the uncertain events in any one of the subsystems are considered to manage this security requirement category as an algebraic data types. The collection of security requirement objects using classification and clustering techniques are implicitly applied by the formation of category and morphism. The risk and compliances both in the form of direct and indirect categories are mapped so as to provide a security assurance functors with minimum risk on the requirements to the next design state. An ‘n’ category and ‘n’ morphic model for software security requirement model is proposed towards for minimum security risks through efficient compliance management techniques.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "N requirement"

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Ye, Zhengyi. "N-glycan branching requirement in neuronal and post-natal viability /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3138823.

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Chan, Chi-ping, and 陳志平. "Requirement of N-linked glycosylation for optimal proteolytic activation of liver-enriched transcription factor CREB-H." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45138011.

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Pollard, Lucy Victoria. "The influence of long chain N-3 fatty acids on the requirement for vitamin E and its relevance to atherosclerosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307772.

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Maistry, Pravin Mark. "Phosphorous requirement of indigenous N-fixing legumes and rhizobial diversity in the low P soils of the Cape floristic region, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11732.

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Soils of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) vary in phosphorous (P) availability and legume species tend to be distributed in specific edaphic habitats. Eighteen indigenous CFR legume species were grouped as high-P, low-P, Pgeneralist and unclassified plants, by associating their distribution with soil [P] in the CFR. It was hypothesized that the low-P group would be superior N2-fixers than the high-P group at low P supply.
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Silva, Fabio Alexandre Gon?alves. "STREAM-AP: um processo para sistematizar a escolha de padr?es arquiteturais baseado em requisitos n?o-funcionais." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18089.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioAGS_DISSERT.pdf: 1631308 bytes, checksum: cb5c8aa720129c7e7b32a24acd2a4b2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-30
The importance of non-functional requirements for computer systems is increasing. Satisfying these requirements requires special attention to the software architecture, since an unsuitable architecture introduces greater complexity in addition to the intrinsic complexity of the system. Some studies have shown that, despite requirements engineering and software architecture activities act on different aspects of development, they must be performed iteratively and intertwined to produce satisfactory software systems. The STREAM process presents a systematic approach to reduce the gap between requirements and architecture development, emphasizing the functional requirements, but using the non-functional requirements in an ad hoc way. However, non-functional requirements typically influence the system as a whole. Thus, the STREAM uses Architectural Patterns to refine the software architecture. These patterns are chosen by using non-functional requirements in an ad hoc way. This master thesis presents a process to improve STREAM in making the choice of architectural patterns systematic by using non-functional requirements, in order to guide the refinement of a software architecture
Cada vez mais os sistemas computacionais precisam satisfazer requisitos n?ofuncionais. No entanto a satisfa??o destes requisitos exige uma aten??o especial j? que s?o requisitos que devem ser levados em considera??o pelas arquiteturas de software que representam esses sistemas. Uma arquitetura de software inadequada introduz uma complexidade maior, al?m da complexidade intr?nseca do sistema. Al?m disso, estudos mostram que apesar das atividades de engenharia de requisitos e de arquitetura de software atuarem em diferentes aspectos do desenvolvimento, ? preciso execut?- las de forma iterativa e entrela?ada para produzir sistemas computacionais satisfat?rios. Com o objetivo de diminuir a lacuna existente entre requisitos de software e o desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura de software que reflita esses requisitos, foi proposto o processo STREAM (Strategy for Transition between REquirements models and Architectural Models). O STREAM consiste de uma abordagem sistem?tica que enfatiza os requisitos funcionais, sendo os n?o-funcionais usados de forma ad hoc. Entretanto, os requisitos n?o-funcionais normalmente impactam o sistema como um todo. Assim, a maneira proposta pelo STREAM para fazer com que a arquitetura de software desenvolvida reflita os Requisitos N?o-Funcionais elicitados no modelo de requisitos ? atrav?s do refinamento da arquitetura usando padr?es arquiteturais escolhidos com base nos requisitos n?o-funcionais. No STREAM a escolha desses padr?es ? realizada de forma ad hoc. Com o objetivo de sistematizar a forma de escolha dos padr?es arquiteturais, esta disserta??o prop?e um processo para sistematizar a escolha desses padr?es, a partir de requisitos n?o-funcionais racionalizados, que ser?o usados para refinar arquitetura de software
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Beaman, Angela Renee. "Irradiance, total nitrogen, and nitrate-N ammonium-N ratio requirements for optimal edible biomass production of basil /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Ahmed, Israr, and Shahid Nadeem. "Minimizing Defects Originating from Elicitation, Analysis and Negotiation (E and A&N) Phase in Bespoke Requirements Engineering." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4070.

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Defect prevention (DP) in early stages of software development life cycle (SDLC) is very cost effective than in later stages. The requirements elicitation and analysis & negotiation (E and A&N) phases in requirements engineering (RE) process are very critical and are major source of requirements defects. A poor E and A&N process may lead to a software requirements specifications (SRS) full of defects like missing, ambiguous, inconsistent, misunderstood, and incomplete requirements. If these defects are identified and fixed in later stages of SDLC then they could cause major rework by spending extra cost and effort. Organizations are spending about half of their total project budget on avoidable rework and majority of defects originate from RE activities. This study is an attempt to prevent requirements level defects from penetrates into later stages of SDLC. For this purpose empirical and literature studies are presented in this thesis. The empirical study is carried out with the help of six companies from Pakistan & Sweden by conducting interviews and literature study is done by using literature reviews. This study explores the most common requirements defect types, their reasons, severity level of defects (i.e. major or minor), DP techniques (DPTs) & methods, defect identification techniques that have been using in software development industry and problems in these DPTs. This study also describes possible major differences between Swedish and Pakistani software companies in terms of defect types and rate of defects originating from E and A&N phases. On the bases of study results, some solutions have been proposed to prevent requirements defects during the RE process. In this way we can minimize defects originating from E and A&N phases of RE in the bespoke requirements engineering (BESRE).
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Franke, Mine [Verfasser], and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Storch. "Characterization of structural requirements for ER export and analysis of turnover of the Golgi-resident N-acetylglucosamin-1-phosphotransferase / Mine Franke. Betreuer: Stephan Storch." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1101695919/34.

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Franke, Mine Verfasser], and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] [Storch. "Characterization of structural requirements for ER export and analysis of turnover of the Golgi-resident N-acetylglucosamin-1-phosphotransferase / Mine Franke. Betreuer: Stephan Storch." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-67141.

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Eya, Nnabuike N. "An Investigation of Group Key Management with Mobility Protocol for 5G Wireless Mobile Environment. A Case analysis of group key management security requirements with respect to wireless mobile environment of different proposed solutions." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18479.

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Group communication, security and 5G technology present a unique dimension of challenges and security remains crucial in the successful deployment of 5G technology across different industry. Group key management plays a vital role in secure group communication. This research work studies various group key management schemes for mobile wireless technology and then a new scheme is proposed and evaluated. The main architecture is analysed, while the components and their roles are established, trust and keying relationships are evaluated, as well as detailed functional requirements. A detailed description of the main protocols required within the scheme is also described. A numerical and simulation analysis is employed to assess the proposed scheme with regards to fulfilling the security requirement and performance requirements. The impact of group size variation, the impact of mobility rate variation are studied with regards to the average rekeying messages induced by each event and 1-affects-n phenomenon. The results obtained from the simulation experiments show that the proposed scheme outperformed other solutions with a minimal number of rekeying messages sent and less number of affected members on each event. The security requirements demonstrate that backward and forward secrecy is preserved and maintained during mobility between areas. Finally, the research work also proposes a 5G-enabled software-defined multicast network (5G-SDMNs), where software-defined networking (SDN) is exploited to dynamically manage multicast groups in 5G and mobile multicast environment. Also, mobile edge computing (MEC) is exploited to strengthen network control of 5G-SDMN.
National Open University of Nigeria
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Books on the topic "N requirement"

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Walshe, John. Irish Independent degree guide: Free higher education in Britain and N. Ireland. Dublin: Independent Newspapers plc, 1988.

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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, ed. Nutrient requirements of domesticated ruminants. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 2007.

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Aptaker, David. Court-certified GAL training for category I, J, N, and Q matters: Meeting the new requirements. Boston, MA (Ten Winter Pl., Boston 02108-4751): Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education, 2002.

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Washington (State). Dept. of Social and Health Services., ed. Minimum licensing requirements for foster family homes =: Adongyong yangyugwon u l wihan ch oejo myo nho chagyo k yoko n. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Social & Health Services, 1992.

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Luk'yanov, Mihail. Collection of problems in strength of materials. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/989326.

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Given objectives for all sections of the course "strength of materials", studied by students in accordance with the existing program for Russian universities. Along with the classical methods of assessing strength are the basic concepts of fracture mechanics and methods of calculations on strength, stiffness and stability of structures. Detailed solution of the task allows the subject to students of day and correspondence forms of training. The unconventional construction of the book are aimed at improving the learning material. Almost all tasks are accompanied by answers. In the Appendix to the book gives some reference materials: table of Standards, values, functions, A. N. Krylov and hyperbolic functions, as well as data relevant to the calculation of strength under cyclic stresses. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. Designed for students in all specialties of railway transport, the study of mechanics of materials.
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A, Stallings Virginia, Yaktine Ann L, and Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Nutrition Standards for Foods in Schools, eds. Nutrition standards for foods in schools: Leading the way toward healthier youth. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2007.

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Rakotoarijaona, Daniel Stephen. The Bible and the Qur!?n: Christian and Muslim views of their own and of each other's scriptures: this dissertation is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Diploma in Islamic Studies. Birmingham, West Midlands, 1992.

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Holford, Patrick. Mejore su digestion: Manual para evitar y combatir las enfermedades y molestias digestivas. Gestion 2000, 2004.

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St. Joseph Communications (Compiler, Corporate Author) and Victor R. Claveau (Editor), eds. Welcome Home!: Stories of Fallen-Away Catholics Who Came Back N Returned. Ignatius Press, 2000.

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BLENDER, Miranda J. ESSENTIAL BASIC PARAKEETS CARE and GROOMING GUIDE : A Simple Pаrаkееt Bооk for Kееріng, Prоѕ and Cоnѕ, Nurturing, Hоuѕіng, Feeding аnd Hеаlth: Understanding the Uniqueness of Parakeet and Requirement. Independently Published, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "N requirement"

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Perby, Harald, and Paul Jensén. "Vegetative adaptation to N stress regimes in two barley cultivars with different N requirement." In Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 361–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3581-5_34.

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Rahn, C. R., D. J. Greenwood, and A. Draycott. "Prediction of nitrogen fertilizer requirement with the HRI WELL-N computer model." In Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies, 255–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5450-5_43.

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Santiccioli, Alessio. "Inductorless Frequency Synthesizers for Low-Cost Wireless." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 37–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62476-7_4.

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AbstractThe quest for ubiquitous wireless connectivity, drives an increasing demand for compact and efficient means of frequency generation. Conventional synthesizer options, however, generally trade one requirement for the other, achieving either excellent levels of efficiency by leveraging LC-oscillators, or a very compact area by relying on ring-oscillators. This chapter describes a recently introduced class of inductorless frequency synthesizers, based on the periodic realignment of a ring-oscillator, that have the potential to break this tradeoff. After analyzing their jitter-power product, the conditions that ensure optimum performance are derived and a novel digital-to-time converter range-reduction technique is introduced, to enable low-jitter and low-power fractional-N frequency synthesis. A prototype, which implements the proposed design guidelines and techniques, has been fabricated in 65 nm CMOS. It occupies a core area of 0:0275 mm$$^{2}$$ 2 and covers the 1:6-to-3:0 GHz range, achieving an absolute rms jitter (integrated from 30 kHz-to-30 MHz) of 397 fs at 2:5 mW power. With a corresponding jitter-power figure-of-merit of −244 dB in the fractional-N mode, the prototype outperforms prior state-of-the-art inductorless frequency synthesizers.
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Chester, J. P., and B. V. Dentskevich. "Requirements for rapid technological deployment and exploitation." In Bringing Telecommunication Services to the People — IS&N '95, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0016952.

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Campbell, C. A., Y. W. Jame, O. O. Akinremi, and M. L. Cabrera. "Adapting the potentially mineralizable N concept for the prediction of fertilizer N requirements." In Nitrogen Economy in Tropical Soils, 61–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1706-4_6.

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Gruzenkin, Denis V., Alexey S. Chernigovskiy, and Roman Yu Tsarev. "N-version Software Module Requirements to Grant the Software Execution Fault-Tolerance." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 293–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67618-0_27.

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Kouno, K., M. A. H. Chowdhury, T. Nagaoka, and T. Ando. "Nutrient requirements (N, P, S) of microbial biomass formation in a regosol of Japan." In Plant Nutrition, 622–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_301.

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Brzeziński, Jerzy, and Dariusz Wawrzyniak. "Consistency Requirements of Peterson’s Algorithm for Mutual Exclusion of n Processes in a Distributed Shared Memory System." In Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, 202–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48086-2_22.

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LaHann, T. R., M. Griebenow, and J. Larsen. "Modeling the Impact of Near-Threshold 7Li(p,n)7Be Generated, Fast Neutron Beams on Boron Drug Distribution Requirements for BNCT." In Frontiers in Neutron Capture Therapy, 1151–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1285-1_176.

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Meyer, Vanessa, Sarah Lang, and Payam Dehdari. "Cargo-Hitching in Long-Distance Bus Transit: An Acceptance Analysis." In iCity. Transformative Research for the Livable, Intelligent, and Sustainable City, 77–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_7.

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AbstractThe combination of freight transport and mobility—also known as cargo-hitching—is a form of delivery that has been implemented in various modes of transport. This concept is already widely used in Europe, Africa and North America in long-distance bus transport and ensures parcel delivery via the cargo compartment of long-distance buses. This paper aims to investigate the acceptance of cargo-hitching in long-distance bus transport in Germany. For this purpose, first the term cargo-hitching is defined, and an overview of cargo-hitching concepts in long-distance bus transport worldwide is given. In the following, the principles of attitudinal acceptance are explained. A modified version of the UTAUT2 model was used as the basis for an empirical study in the form of a quantitative online survey (n = 245). The results provide information about factors influencing acceptance as well as wishes and requirements of potential users. Parts of the UTAUT2 model were verified by regression analysis. It was shown that the variables’ habit, price value, hedonic motivation, performance expectancy and social influence predict the behavioural intention to use cargo-hitching in our sample significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, risks, benefits and willingness to pay were determined, which could contribute to the development of a business model. These included measures to improve transparency, security and information flow of the cargo-hitching process.
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Conference papers on the topic "N requirement"

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Kendall, S. L., K. Storer, R. Wade, and P. M. Berry. "Understanding intra-field variation in N requirement for oilseed rape." In 12th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-888-9_6.

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Wattanakriengkrai, Supatsara, Rungroj Maipradit, Hideki Hata, Morakot Choetkiertikul, Thanwadee Sunetnanta, and Kenichi Matsumoto. "Identifying Design and Requirement Self-Admitted Technical Debt Using N-gram IDF." In 2018 9th International Workshop on Empirical Software Engineering in Practice (IWESEP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwesep.2018.00010.

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McCracken, Steven L., and David Segletes. "Review of Ferrite Number (FN) Requirements and Proposed Changes to Code Case N-504-4 and Nonmandatory Appendix Q." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93637.

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Abstract ASME Section XI Nonmandatory Appendix Q and Code Case N-504-4 are routinely used to install full structural weld overlays in the nuclear power industry for repair or mitigation of stress corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steel weldments. Both Appendix Q and N-504-4 specify a Ferrite Number (FN) and carbon content requirement for the stainless steel weld metal used for the weld overlay to ensure acceptable resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The Ferrite Number (FN) is used in the ASME Code for establishing the delta ferrite content in the deposited weld metal. Field experience indicates there is often confusion and differing opinion concerning how the Ferrite Number and carbon content requirements of Appendix Q and N-504-4 are satisfied. This is in part due to unavailability of the original technical basis for these requirements. This paper provides a background for the delta ferrite and carbon content requirements, information on influence of delta ferrite and carbon content on stress corrosion cracking and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) guidance on the issue. Finally, this paper details a proposed revision of Nonmandatory Appendix Q and N-504-4 to clarify the FN and carbon content requirements.
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Newton, Bruce. "Welding Qualification Sharing." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22706.

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ASME Section IX, “Welding Qualifications”, requires that each organization qualify its own welders and welding procedures. Qualification responsibility cannot be subcontracted, and qualifications administered by one organization cannot be transferred to another organization. This requirement has become the subject of close scrutiny as the demand for efficiency, particularly among nuclear plant owners, has increased. Two recent Code Cases change procedure and performance qualification requirements for the better. The first, N-573i, enables nuclear plant owners to share welding procedure qualifications. The second, N-600ii, enables nuclear plant owners to share welder performance qualifications. Several owners have reduced costs using N-573. N-600, because it is relatively new, has not yet been implemented. Its potential for cost savings, though, is equivalent to that afforded by N-573. This paper discusses ASME Section IX’s procedure and performance qualification philosophy, assesses that philosophy in light of today’s welding environment, and discusses implementation of Code Cases N-573 and N-600.
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Cofie, Nathaniel G., Peter C. Riccardella, John H. Merkle, and Hien Do. "Technical Basis for Alternate Successive Inspection Requirements for Vessels and Piping Welds as Prescribed in Code Cases N-526 and N-735." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61412.

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Flaws that are detected during in-service inspections of Class 1 and 2 components (vessels and piping) are first compared to the acceptance standards in ASME Code Section XI, Subsection IWB-3500. When the acceptance standards are met, no further action is required and the component is returned to service. If the acceptance standards are not met, IWB-3600 allows an analytical evaluation to determine the suitability for continued operation. When the provisions of IWB-3600 are used to return a flawed component to service, the Code provides augmented requirements for successive and additional examination of the flawed location. These inspections are believed to be useful for cases where the flaw is service-induced, particularly for surface flaws. However, the usefulness of these augmented examinations for subsurface flaws, which have been clearly shown to be fabrication related, is very questionable. Many of the inspections for these subsurface flaws have not shown any growth and none has resulted in pressure boundary leakage. Section XI currently provides surface proximity rules for discriminating surface from subsurface indications, based on elastic calculations of the stress intensity factor, KI. However, it is believed that these rules may not be sufficiently conservative for granting of an exemption from the requirement for successive examinations, because of the possibility of yielding of the ligament between the flaw and the inside surface. Code Case N-526 provides alternate more conservative proximity criteria for distinguishing subsurface from surface defects in Class 1 and 2 vessels, while Code Case N-735 provides similar criteria for Class 1 and 2 piping welds, in order to eliminate the need for the successive inspection requirements in these components. The technical basis for the criteria in both Code Cases has its foundation on an approach that determines how close a flaw can be to a free surface before the stress in the remaining ligament exceeds the material yield or flow stress, which would potentially put it at risk for rupture of the remaining ligament.
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Ren, Weiju. "Considerations of Alloy N Code Extension for Commercial Molten Salt Reactor Development and Deployment." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84716.

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For commercial development and deployment of the molten salt reactor, a structural alloy that provides both strength at high temperature and resistance to very corrosive molten salt environment is required. To meet this requirement, a survey is conducted on domestic and international candidate alloys. Alloy N turns out to be the sole frontrunner in readiness for qualification to enable the desired deployment within an estimated 10 years. A review of the qualification for commercial nuclear applications indicates that Alloy N has met a large portion of the requirements. Gaps in the qualification are also identified. A search for historical data is underway to retrieve information needed for filling the gaps and upgrading the qualification. Scope of the discovered historical data is briefly discussed and strategic planning for research and development pathway is suggested to ensure successful evolution in commercial deployment of the molten salt reactor system.
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Iyer, San, and Rajnish Kumar. "Application of Code Case N-597 for Local Thinning Assessment for Class 1 Piping." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1267.

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Process piping components such as elbows, bends and tees experience local wall thinning due to Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC). Fitness for service studies of the piping components that are affected by FAC for continued operation have gained importance in light of the plant life extension resulting in economic benefits for the operating utilities. ASME Code Case N-597 provides the guidelines for acceptance for continued service of Classes 2 and 3 piping components experiencing wall thinning during operation. However, for Class 1 systems, the Code Case recommends that the owner develop the methodology and criteria for the assessment of wall thinning. This paper establishes a criteria and methodology for the assessment of thinned Class 1 piping system components. The rules of NB-3221 and NB-3650 of ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (Ref.1) have been considered in establishing the criteria. The requirements of NB-3221 have been utilized for evaluating the adequacy of pressure design. After meeting this requirement, further evaluation of the piping with thinned area is carried out as per NB-3650 requirements for all loadings corresponding to design and service conditions. To illustrate the criteria and the methodology, an assessment of a sample problem of a locally thinned region in a pipe bend is provided in this paper. Finite element analysis and piping analysis are used for the assessment of the thinned region of the pipe bend. Loading considered includes pressure, deadweight, thermal transients and seismic effects.
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Savidis, Anthony, and Anthony Peris. "Rapid Interactive Software-Architecture Design with Split-n-Join Actions." In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002770.

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The architecture design process is an essential and critical part of the overall software development lifecycle. During the early design phases it is imperative to ensure that an optimal architecture is outlined, reflecting the requirements of the target software product. Then, continuous refinement, syncing and maintenance is needed, in order to guarantee that the software architecture precisely reflects the particular state of the source code base and vice versa. Both processes involve elements and activities at an abstract level and require support for easy and quick experimentation, exploration and prototyping. In existing tools, commonly relying on UML diagrams, the architecture design process is very detailed and thus time consuming, asking designers to elaborate early on aspects that are usually finalized latter in the process. Effectively, such tools are not interactive prototyping laboratories, but are primarily architecture documentation environments. However, because they require so fine-grained detail, which is transient, volatile and non-final in the early design phases, they are less preferred for initial experimentation and analysis. Effectively, it is impractical for architects to spend the required effort in supplying data for components, specifications and relationships when those frequently change in the early design process.Based on these remarks, our work focuses on supporting the very early phases of the architecture design process, putting primary emphasis on rapid interactive construction, ease-of-use, continuous experimentation, minimal information, and adoption of common architectural abstractions. While our tool focuses on components, it reflects the exploratory nature of the design process by offering two key actions, namely splitting and joining components, besides typical creation and removal. Our work is inspired by the quick class design method known as CRC Cards (Classes, Responsibilities and Collaborators), part of agile development, by adapting the original notions to fit with the scale and abstractions of the software architecture domain as Components, Roles, Operations and Synergies (CROS).In our tool, the primary requirement has been the facilitation of rapid exploratory interactive design, with small effort on behalf of the user, making it a laboratory for testing where related ideas may be easily instantiated via the tool. Considering that the architecture structure changes frequently in this process, we identified most common actions architects perform when revisiting component roles, besides component insertion and removal: •Splitting: when a particular component is identified that blends many different disciplines together that deserve representation (i.e. decomposition) into distinct and separate components;•Joining: when a few components are considered as weak or arbitrary to stand on the own, while in terms of their functional role they look as pieces of the same concept, likely requiring merging together under the same umbrella.•Mapping: when the high-level functions that are typically identified following the requirement analysis process should be mapped to components in a way better matching its functional role – such mapping may change as well, while new operations may be introduced in the process.We discuss how such simple activities are fundamental and capture the essential aspects the early architecture design tasks, and the way we supported interactively such key tasks, while keeping their delivery simple, quick and yet sufficient. For instance, component associations or synergies may change by simply rearranging links with the mouse, while operations are managed easily by typical drag-n-drop. Additionally, further component decomposition is supported, enabling craft quickly the sub-architecture of any selected component. Notes may be freely added to components, while their view may be toggled with just a click.
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Park, Joo Shin, R. Krishna Kishore, Yeong Su Ha, and Ki Bok Jang. "Structural Engineering of Aluminum Helideck Structure Based on the NORSOK Requirement." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-55062.

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Recently, the numbers of large offshore structures and fixed jacket type platforms are rapidly increasing for oil and gas companies. Generally, a shuttle vessel or helicopter is used to access offshore structures such as a fixed platform, floating platform, jack-up rig and so on. The helideck structure should be installed in these offshore structures for landing and taking-off of the helicopter. The helideck structure comprises of pancakes, girders using aluminum materials and supporting steel structures. The helideck structure should be designed to accommodate a safe landing area suitable for the largest and heaviest helicopter that is anticipated to land on the helideck. The helideck and its supporting structure are safety critical elements as a result of their role in emergency evacuation, as well as during normal operations. The codes and standards applicable for the structural design of the helideck will be determined by where the helideck is to be operated and the national jurisdiction governing the installation or vessel of which the helideck will become part. International standards such as ISO(International Organization for Standardization) codes, Eurocodes, or national standards, e.g. BS(British Standards)5950, NORSOK N-004 or AISC(American Institute of Steel Construction) may be specified for detailed design. The objective of this study is to present the results of structural analysis and design that has been performed for a 28.54 meter diameter octagonal standard aluminum helideck with support truss & lower steel support structure of jackup drilling rig based on the NORSOK requirements. The supporting structure is designed to provide the adequate resistance to the external force produced by the design helicopter and environmental conditions.
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Ketelsen, Dean, and Robert E. Parks. "Spherical Grinding Wheel Use and Fabrication." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1990.jtub4.

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Contour grinding of fast aspheric surfaces is a method of achieving the final polished surface more rapidly than trying to polish in the asphere from a sphere. The most efficient method is to do a good enough job with the contour grinding that it is possible to go directly to polishing. This requires that the surface be accurately ground, that it be largely free of ripple due to the tool feed marks and that the subsurface damage be small enough that it will polish out rapidly. The first requirement depends on the N/C contour grinding machine but the other two requirements are a function of the grinding wheel.
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Reports on the topic "N requirement"

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Bonfil, David J., Daniel S. Long, and Yafit Cohen. Remote Sensing of Crop Physiological Parameters for Improved Nitrogen Management in Semi-Arid Wheat Production Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696531.bard.

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To reduce financial risk and N losses to the environment, fertilization methods are needed that improve NUE and increase the quality of wheat. In the literature, ample attention is given to grid-based and zone-based soil testing to determine the soil N available early in the growing season. Plus, information is available on in-season N topdressing applications as a means of improving GPC. However, the vast majority of research has focused on wheat that is grown under N limiting conditions in sub-humid regions and irrigated fields. Less attention has been given to wheat in dryland that is water limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine accuracy in determining GPC of HRSW in Israel and SWWW in Oregon using on-combine optical sensors under field conditions; (2) develop a quantitative relationship between image spectral reflectance and effective crop physiological parameters; (3) develop an operational precision N management procedure that combines variable-rate N recommendations at planting as derived from maps of grain yield, GPC, and test weight; and at mid-season as derived from quantitative relationships, remote sensing, and the DSS; and (4) address the economic and technology-transfer aspects of producers’ needs. Results from the research suggest that optical sensing and the DSS can be used for estimating the N status of dryland wheat and deciding whether additional N is needed to improve GPC. Significant findings include: 1. In-line NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately (SEP <5.0 mg g⁻¹) measure GPC of a grain stream conveyed by an auger. 2. On-combine NIR spectroscopy can be used to accurately estimate (R² < 0.88) grain test weight across fields. 3. Precision N management based on N removal increases GPC, grain yield, and profitability in rainfed wheat. 4. Hyperspectral SI and partial least squares (PLS) models have excellent potential for estimation of biomass, and water and N contents of wheat. 5. A novel heading index can be used to monitor spike emergence of wheat with classification accuracy between 53 and 83%. 6. Index MCARI/MTVI2 promises to improve remote sensing of wheat N status where water- not soil N fertility, is the main driver of plant growth. Important features include: (a) computable from commercial aerospace imagery that include the red edge waveband, (b) sensitive to Chl and resistant to variation in crop biomass, and (c) accommodates variation in soil reflectance. Findings #1 and #2 above enable growers to further implement an efficient, low cost PNM approach using commercially available on-combine optical sensors. Finding #3 suggests that profit opportunities may exist from PNM based on information from on-combine sensing and aerospace remote sensing. Finding #4, with its emphasis on data retrieval and accuracy, enhances the potential usefulness of a DSS as a tool for field crop management. Finding #5 enables land managers to use a DSS to ascertain at mid-season whether a wheat crop should be harvested for grain or forage. Finding #6a expands potential commercial opportunities of MS imagery and thus has special importance to a majority of aerospace imaging firms specializing in the acquisition and utilization of these data. Finding #6b on index MCARI/MVTI2 has great potential to expand use of ground-based sensing and in-season N management to millions of hectares of land in semiarid environments where water- not N, is the main determinant of grain yield. Finding #6c demonstrates that MCARI/MTVI2 may alleviate the requirement of multiple N-rich reference strips to account for soil differences within farm fields. This simplicity will be less demanding of grower resources, promising substantially greater acceptance of sensing technologies for in-season N management.
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Brown, H. C., P. V. Ramachandran, S. A. Weissman, and S. Swaminathan. Selective Reductions. 46. Effect of the Steric Requirement at the 2- Position of Apopinene on Chiral Reductions. B-Iso-2-n-Propylapopinocampheyl-9- Borabicyclo(3.3.1)Nonane as Improved Reagents for the Chiral Reduction of Alpha, Beta-Acetylenic Ketones and Alpha-Keto Esters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230919.

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D. Stahl. ANALYSIS OF KEY MPC COMPONENTS MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS (SCPB: N/A). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862255.

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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Regulation of Early Events in Hyphal Elongation, Branching and Differentiation of Filamentous Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580674.bard.

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In filamentous fungi, hyphal elongation, branching and morphogenesis are in many cases the key to successful saprophytic and pathogenic fungal proliferation. The understanding of the fungal morphogenetic response to environmental cues is in its infancy. Studies concerning the regulation of fungal growth and development (some of which have been obtained by the participating collaborators in this project) point to the fact that ser/thr protein kinases and phosphatases are (i) involved in the regulation of such processes and (ii) share common structural and functional features between saprophytes and pathogens. It is our objective to combine a pharmaceutical and a genetic approach in order to identify, characterize and functionally dissect some of the regulatory factors involved in hyphal growth, branching and differentiation. Using an immunohistochemical approach, a ser/thr protein kinase involved in hyphal elongation in both Neurospora crassa and Colletotrichum trifolii has been localized in order to identify the physical arena of regulation of hyphal elongation. The analysis of additional kinases and phosphatases (e.g. Protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent kinase, lipid-activated protein kinase, components of the type 2A protein phosphatase) as well as a RAS-related gene (an additional key participant in signal transduction) has been performed. In order to succeed in advancing the goals of this project, we have taken advantage of available elongation/branching mutants in N. crassa and continuously combined the accumulated information obtained while studying the two systems in order to dissect the elements involved in these processes. The various inhibitors/effectors analyzed can serve as a basis for modification to be used as anti-fungal compounds. Understanding the regulation of hyphal proliferation is a key requirement for identifying novel target points for either curbing fungal growth (as in the case of pathogenesis) or affecting growth patterns in various biotechnological processes. The major objective of our joint project was to advance our understanding of regulation of hyphal growth, especially during early events of fungal germination. Towards achieving this goal, we have coupled the analysis of a genetically tractable organism (N. crassa) with a plant pathogen o economic importance (C. trifolii). As the project progressed we believe that the results obtained have provided a reinforcement to our basic approach which called for combining the two fungal systems for a joint research project. On the one hand, we feel that much of the advance made was possible due to the amenability of N. crassa to genetic manipulations. The relevance of some of the initial findings obtained in Neurospora have been proven to be relevant to the plant pathogen while unique features of the pathogen have been identified in Colletotrichum. Most of the results obtained from this research project have been published. Thus, the main volume of this report is comprised of the relevant publications describing the research and results obtained.
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Johnson, A. B. Jr. Desludging of N Reactor fuel canisters: Analysis, Test, and data requirements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/197828.

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Castellano, Mike J., Abraham G. Shaviv, Raphael Linker, and Matt Liebman. Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile soil organic matter fractions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597926.bard.

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A major goal in Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems is to maximize nitrogen availability to crops while minimizing nitrogen losses to air and water resources. This goal has presented a significant challenge to global agronomists and scientists because crops require large inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to maximize yield, but N fertilizers are easily lost to surrounding ecosystems where they contribute to water pollution and greenhouse gas concentrations. Determination of the optimum N fertilizer input is complex because the amount of N produced from soil organic matter varies with time, space and management. Indicators of soil N availability may help to guide requirements for N fertilizer inputs and are increasingly viewed as indicators of soil health To address these challenges and improve N availability indicators, project 4550 “Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile organic matter fractions” addressed the following objectives: Link the quantity and quality of labile soil organic matter fractions to indicators of soil fertility and environmental quality including: i) laboratory potential net N mineralization ii) in situ gross N mineralization iii) in situ N accumulation on ion exchange resins iv) crop uptake of N from mineralized soil organic matter sources (non-fertilizer N), and v) soil nitrate pool size. Evaluate and compare the potential for hot water extractable organic matter (HWEOM) and particulate organic matter quantity and quality to characterize soil N dynamics in biophysically variable Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems that are managed with different N fertility sources. Ultimately, we sought to determine if nitrogen availability indicators are the same for i) gross vs. potential net N mineralization processes, ii) diverse agroecosystems (Israel vs. US) and, iii) management strategies (organic vs. inorganic N fertility sources). Nitrogen availability indicators significantly differed for gross vs. potential N mineralization processes. These results highlight that different mechanisms control each process. Although most research on N availability indicators focuses on potential net N mineralization, new research highlights that gross N mineralization may better reflect plant N availability. Results from this project identify the use of ion exchange resin (IERs) beads as a potential technical advance to improve N mineralization assays and predictors of N availability. The IERs mimic the rhizosphere by protecting mineralized N from loss and immobilization. As a result, the IERs may save time and money by providing a measurement of N mineralization that is more similar to the costly and time consuming measurement of gross N mineralization. In further search of more accurate and cost-effective predictors of N dynamics, Excitation- Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis of HWEOM solution has the potential to provide reliable indicators for changes in HWEOM over time. These results demonstrated that conventional methods of labile soil organic matter quantity (HWEOM) coupled with new analyses (EEM) may be used to obtain more detailed information about N dynamics. Across Israeli and US soils with organic and inorganic based N fertility sources, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict gross and potential N mineralization. The use of N availability indicators is increasing as they are incorporated into soil health assessments and agroecosystem models that guide N inputs. Results from this project suggest that some soil variables can universally predict these important ecosystem process across diverse soils, climate and agronomic management. BARD Report - Project4550 Page 2 of 249
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Mniszewski, Susan, Christian Negre, Jamaludin Mohd-Yusof, Adetokunbo Adedoyin, Jean-Luc Fattebert, and Daniel Osei-Kuffuor. O(N) Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) Algorithms, Code Requirements, Release Notes, and Library Deployment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1856125.

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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.

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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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APPLICATION RESEARCH OF V CONTAINING HIGH STRENGTH WEATHERING STEEL IN STEEL STRUCTURE BUILDING. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.090.

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Abstract:
Application research of V containing high strength weathering steel in steel structure building was conducted. The research shows that: adding 0.04% V into weathering steel can lead to grain refinement of ferrite, thereby improving steel performance. Fine polygonal ferrite can make for obvious yield platform, and front cooling method can make V(C, N) precipitation in ferrite fine and dispersive to enhance dislocation pinning, which can further enhance yield effect. In this research V containing weathering steel can realize 500MPa of strength grade, 0.84 of yield ratio, 26.0% of elongation, 3.0% of yield point elongation, 225J of -20℃ impact value (three quarters size). The combination property can satisfy earthquake resistant behavior requirement of steel structure building, and realize replacement of low strength steel for steel structure building, thereby reducing material thickness and weight to realize purchase cost reduction. Cyclical soaking corrosion experiment was conducted, when atmosphere corrosion index of tested steel is around 6.0, the relative corrosion ratio comparing to Q355B is around 40%, which indicates good atmosphere corrosion resistance. In cyclical soaking corrosion experiment, v containing weathering steel for steel structure can realize 5.9g/(m2·h) of 72h average weight loss and 43.4% of relative corrosion ratio, the atmosphere corrosion resistance is good, exposed application of v containing weathering steel for steel structure in industrial atmosphere can obviously reduce rust protection and reduction cost of steel structure building
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Requirements for design of Class 1 elevated temperature nuclear system components (supplement to ASME Code Case N-47). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10137673.

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