Academic literature on the topic 'N-724'

Given the negative health and environmental impacts of red meat consumption, reducing red meat intake in the United States is important for both human and planetary well-being. To experimentally evaluate the impact of health-focused and environment-focused messages from the Meatless Monday campaign, we conducted an online randomized experiment among US adults aged 18 years or older (n = 1244). Compared with control messages, health-focused and environment-focused Meatless Monday messages led to significantly higher perceived message effectiveness and increased intention to reduce meat consumption. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(5):724–727. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306766 )

Photographic images ( N = 2,700) from three 1997 Pacific-Bell Yellow Pages ( n = 1,976) and from three 1996–97 gay, lesbian, and bisexual community telephone books ( n = 724) were classified into three groups by visible features (definite male, definite female, and gender nonspecific). The latter were excluded. The proportion of male photographic images was larger in gay community books than in Pacific-Bell telephone books.

Enterocytozoon bieneusi is a common intracellular parasite that infects a wide range of hosts, including humans and companion animals, raising concerns of zoonotic transmission. However, there is limited epidemiological information on the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi in sheltered dogs and cats in Sichuan province, southwestern China. A total of 880 fecal samples were collected from shelters in different cities of Sichuan province, including 724 samples from dogs, and 156 samples from cats. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was determined by sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Overall, the prevalence of E. bieneusi was 18% (158/880), and the parasite was detected in 18.8% (136/724) and 14.1% (22/156) of the dogs and cats examined, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of five genotypes in dogs, including three known genotypes CD9 (n = 92), PtEb IX (n = 41), and Type IV (n = 1), and two novel genotypes SCD-1 (n = 1) and SCD-2 (n = 1). Similarly, four genotypes were identified in cats, including CD9 (n = 11), Type IV (n = 6), D (n = 4), and PtEb IX (n = 1). Genotypes D and Type IV have previously been identified in humans and are reported in sheltered dogs and cats in the present study, indicating that these animals could be as potential sources of human microsporidiosis infections.

Introduction Ponatinib inhibits the BCR::ABL1 kinase, including a variant with threonine-to-isoleucine at position 315 (T315I) (Cortes et al. N Eng J Med. 2013; 369:1783-96); however, it has been reported that ponatinib is associated with a higher risk of major arterial events than other TKIs among patients with CML, those with a resistance/intolerance (r/i) to prior TKIs, and with patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) Ph + ALL. ( Leuk Lymphoma. 2016; 57(6):1300-10.) Owing to the low prevalence of this disease (Ning et al. Exp Hematol Oncol 2020; 9 (29)), SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975-2018. National Cancer Institute 2021, Ching-Hong et al. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1535-48), the amount of data concerning patients treated with ponatinib is limited, indicating that the safety and efficacy of ponatinib require further evaluation. Therefore, we conducted a post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study to assess the safety and efficacy of ponatinib, focusing on arterial occlusive events (AOEs), to optimize its use in clinical practice in Japan. Methods This PMS study investigated the safety and efficacy of ponatinib (ICLUSIG ®, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) in patients with r/i CML who have been treated with TKIs and patients with r/r Ph + ALL. We collected clinical data from all patients in Japan who started ponatinib administration between November 21, 2016, and June 30, 2018. The observation period was two years (or until the end of ponatinib administration). AEs and ADRs were classified using the Medical Dictionary of Regulatory Affairs (MedDRA) version 25.0. Surveillance was conducted in accordance with the Japanese Ministerial Ordinance on Good Post-Marketing Study Practice for Drugs. Results A total of 807 patients were enrolled from 334 facilities. Safety analysis was conducted for all 724 patients; 421 (58.1%) participants were males with a sample median age of 62.0 years. The median (range) follow-up duration was 258.0 (1-1,436) days for the overall population, 729.5 (7-1,436) days for patients with CML-CP, and 168.0 (1-1,254) days for patients with Ph + ALL. As for safety data, adverse reactions (ADRs) were observed in 58.29% (422/724) of participants. The most common ADRs included platelet count decreases (8.15% - 59/724), hypertension (7.73% - 56/724), rash (5.56% - 41/724), decreased neutrophil count (4.83% - 35/724), and abnormal hepatic function (4.28% - 31/724). The most common serious ADR was a 2.49% (18/724) decrease in the platelet count. The incidence of AOEs was 6.49% (47/724) among the overall population, 6.22% (12/193) among patients with CML-CP, and 5.90% (23/390) among patients with Ph + ALL. The incidence of AOEs per 100 person-year was 6.8 events in total, 4.5 events in CML-CP, and 7.1 events in Ph + ALL. The incidence of cerebrovascular events was higher than that of cardiovascular events and peripheral vascular events in patients with CML-CP; there were no deaths related to AOEs in patients with CML-CP during the follow-up duration of PMS. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between AOEs and age (OR 1.039, 95% CI 1.017-1.062), hypertension (OR 2.137, 95% CI 1.169-3.907), and diabetes (OR 1.950, 95% CI 1.026-3.707). Regarding efficacy data, among the 89 patients with CML-CP who had not achieved MMR (MMR; BCR-ABL1transcripts [IS] ≤ 0.1%) before treatment with ponatinib, the cumulative MMR rates at weeks 12, 24, 52, and 104 were 22.8%, 36.9%, 58.8%, and 67.2%, respectively. Among the 19 patients with the BCR::ABL1 T315I mutation, the cumulative MMR rates at 12, 24, 52, and 104 weeks were 42.1%, 47.4%, 75.3%, and 75.3%, respectively. In patients with Ph + ALL, the CCyR rates at weeks 0, 12, 24, 52, and 104 were 35.4% (51/144), 77.1% (108/140), 73.6% (53/72), 83.6% (46/55), and 80.0% (36/45), respectively. Conclusions This two-year post-marketing surveillance of patients with r/i CML and r/r Ph+ ALL has demonstrated the general favorable safety and efficacy of ponatinib to patients in Japan. The main adverse reactions were those events reported in the clinical trials up until the time of approval. Furthermore, regarding AOE, no expression levels exceeding the results of the clinical trial were confirmed. However, patients with advanced age and who have predisposing factors for AOEs should be closely monitored for possible adverse vascular events.

Bamboo rats (Rhizomys sinensis) are widely farmed in Guangdong, China, but the distribution and public health potential of Cryptosporidium spp. in them are unclear. In this study, 724 fecal specimens were collected from bamboo rats in Guangdong Province and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp. using PCR and sequence analyses of the small subunit rRNA gene. The overall detection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. was 12.2% (88/724). By age, the detection rate in animals under 2 months (23.2% or 13/56) was significantly higher than in animals over 2 months (11.2% or 75/668; χ2 = 6.95, df = 1, p = 0.0084). By reproduction status, the detection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. in nursing animals (23.1% or 27/117) was significantly higher than in other reproduction statuses (6.8% or 4/59; χ2 = 7.18, df = 1, p = 0.0074). Five Cryptosporidium species and genotypes were detected, including Cryptosporidium bamboo rat genotype I (n = 49), C. parvum (n = 31), Cryptosporidium bamboo rat genotype III (n = 5), C. occultus (n = 2), and C. muris (n = 1). The average numbers of oocysts per gram of feces for these Cryptosporidium spp. were 14,074, 494,636, 9239, 394, and 323, respectively. The genetic uniqueness of bamboo rat genotypes I and III was confirmed by sequence analyses of the 70 kDa heat shock protein and actin genes. Subtyping C. parvum by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene identified the presence of IIoA15G1 (n = 20) and IIpA6 (n = 2) subtypes. The results of this study indicated that Cryptosporidium spp. are common in bamboo rats in Guangdong, and some of the Cryptosporidium spp. in these animals are known human pathogens.

Disabilities and handicaps affect health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) and dysphoria symptoms (helpless, hopeless, worthless, dissatisfied with life, depressed, suicidal). Archived 2009 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data (N=124,188) replicated 49 positive correlations (p<.001) of seven kinds of disability measured by the Health Utilities Index (HUI) with seven measures of dysphoria. Cognition and pain disabilities appeared most dysphoric. Individuals (N=724) in the 2009 CCHS data with HUI total scores less than 0.00 are defined by HUI protocols as “worse than dead.” This HUI categorization has doubtful validity based on 17 measures of disability, suicidality, self-perceived health, and social engagement.

Background Nigeria has low antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage among HIV-positive pregnant women. In a previous cluster-randomized trial in Nigeria, Baby Shower events resulted in higher HIV testing coverage and linkage of pregnant women to ART; here, we assess outcomes of Baby Shower events in a non-research setting. Methods Baby Shower events, including a prayer ceremony, group education, music, gifting of a “mama pack” with safe delivery supplies, and HIV testing with ART linkage support for HIV-positive pregnant women, were conducted in eighty sites in Benue State, Nigeria. Client questionnaires (including demographics, ANC attendance, and HIV testing history), HIV test results, and reported linkage to ART were analyzed. Descriptive data on HIV testing and ART linkage data for facility-based care at ANC clinics in Benue State were also analyzed for comparison. Results Between July 2016 and October 2017, 10,056 pregnant women and 6,187 male partners participated in Baby Shower events; 61.5% of women attended with a male partner. Nearly half of female participants (n = 4515, 44.9%) were not enrolled in ANC for the current pregnancy, and 22.3% (n = 2,241) of female and 24.8% (n = 1,532) of male participants reported they had never been tested for HIV. Over 99% (n = 16,240) of participants had their HIV status ascertained, with 7.2% of females (n = 724) and 4.0% of males (n = 249) testing HIV-positive, and 2.9% of females (n = 274) and 2.3% of males (n = 138) receiving new HIV-positive diagnoses. The majority of HIV-positive pregnant women (93.0%, 673/724) were linked to ART. By comparison, at health facilities in Benue State during a similar time period, 99.7% of pregnant women had HIV status ascertained, 8.4% had a HIV-positive status, 2.1% were newly diagnosed HIV-positive, and 100% were linked to ART. Conclusion Community-based programs such as the faith-based Baby Shower intervention complement facility-based approaches and can reach individuals who would not otherwise access facility-based care. Future Baby Showers implementation should incorporate enhanced support for ART linkage and retention to maximize the impact of this intervention on vertical HIV transmission.

Zusammenfassung. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Analyse der psychometrischen Qualität des Fremd- und des Selbstbeurteilungsbogens zur Erfassung von Angst- und Zwangsstörungen (FBB-ANZ/SBB-ANZ) in zwei klinischen Stichproben (n = 182 bzw. n = 130). Ergänzend wurde die Faktorenstruktur der Bögen in zwei Feldstichproben (n = 724 bzw. n = 281) untersucht. Für die Skalen beider Fragebögen ergaben sich größtenteils zufriedenstellende interne Konsistenzen (.59 ≤ α ≤ .93). Exploratorische Hauptachsenanalysen mit Promax-Rotation ergaben stichprobenübergreifend für beide Fragebögen Faktoren, welche die a priori definierten, ICD-10- und DSM-IV-basierten Subskalen weitgehend abbilden. Zwischen den Subskalen innerhalb der Fragebögen zeigten sich geringe bis moderate Interkorrelationen, die für eine gute Abgrenzbarkeit der Skalen sprechen. Es fanden sich größtenteils moderate Beurteilerübereinstimmungen zwischen den korrespondierenden Skalen des Fremd- und Selbstbeurteilungsbogens. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Fragebögen überwiegend reliable und valide Instrumente darstellen. Weiterer Untersuchungsbedarf besteht insbesondere hinsichtlich der konvergenten und divergenten Validität der Subskalen.

The work collected together here examines the distinctive conceptual approaches taken by Renaissance architects, during the period c. 1480-1550, towards the designing of their buildings. It analyses the designs of a wide range of buildings from the period by architects including Raphael, Michelangelo and numerous others. The conclusion reached is that many of these architects adopted approaches based, ultimately, on ways of thinking (about art as well as architecture) that had surfaced in late fifteenth-century Florence; and that their approaches were not just similar in many key regards but also corresponded closely with theories of language and literary imitation being aired at around the same time. The essays also explore how certain differences in approach, especially between Raphael and Michelangelo, were directly paralleled by differences in literary theory. Also proposed is that the design methods formulated specifically by Raphael in the years before his death (1520) became the template for those followed by many subsequent ‘High Renaissance’ architects; and that the architectural term ‘order’, which was coined by Raphael before becoming commonplace in architectural theory, had its origins in literary theory. As for the design methods taken up by Michelangelo, it is argued that these were initially comparable to those followed by Raphael, but that they gradually diverged in a way that was very much in line with his conceptual thinking about sculpture and painting, until they became, at a fundamental theoretical level, incompatible with those of his later contemporaries.

Los accidentes de tránsito en el Perú suceden todos los días. Debido a ello, el seguro contra accidentes de tránsito (SOAT) juega un rol primordial en la protección de las personas. Este seguro, a diferencia de los seguros voluntarios, busca resguardar los derechos a la vida e integridad. Es por ello que la norma es clara cuando indica que cubre a todas las víctimas que se ven involucradas en un accidente de tránsito. La celeridad e inmediatez que lo caracterizan beneficia a las víctimas de los accidentes; ya que estas no tienen que recurrir al Poder Judicial, institución que no les garantiza que en algún momento recibirán algún tipo de indemnización. No solo eso, sino que aún teniendo una sentencia favorable, esto no significa que los obligados cumplirán con lo ordenado. Este artículo busca demostrar que la única interpretación posible del cuarto párrafo del artículo 17 del Decreto Supremo N°024-2002-MTC es aquella según la cual la aseguradora presente en un accidente que involucra a dos vehículos, uno con SOAT y otro sin SOAT, es la obligada a indemnizar a todas las víctimas; y que luego podrá repetir contra los responsables solidarios que la norma precisa. Esto como consecuencia de su finalidad social y su idoneidad para resolver este tipo de controversias.

Parallelamente ai contratti di credito al consumo, la Commissione europea ha monitorato nel corso degli anni i comportamenti degli operatori finanziari nella stipulazione di contratti di credito per l’acquisto di beni immobili residenziali. Al termine dei vari studi, il Parlamento europeo ed il Consiglio hanno emanato il 4 febbraio 2014, la nuova Direttiva 2014/17/UE592, volta sia a disciplinare contratti di credito ai consumatori stipulati per l’acquisto di beni immobili residenziali attraverso la predisposizione di rimedi volti ad evitare una concessione irresponsabile dei creditori per l’acquisto di tali beni (apportando anche alcune modifiche alla precedente direttiva n. 2008/48/CE, relativa ai contratti di credito ai consumatori).Attraverso la direttiva n.17/2014 il legislatore europeo abbiamo visto come abbia inteso armonizzare alcuni aspetti della disciplina dei contratti di credito al consumatore che siano assistiti da diritti di garanzia su beni immobili residenziali o finalizzati all’acquisto o al mantenimento del diritto di proprietà su beni immobili. L’intervento del legislatore comunitario si inserisce tra quelli di “armonizzazione minima”, nonostante contenga disposizioni che limitino gli Stati membri in ordine alla possibilità di introdurre o mantenere disposizioni divergenti: si pensi ad esempio alla disciplina relativa al calcolo del tasso annuo effettivo globale e a quella concernente le informazioni precontrattuali personalizzate da fornirsi mediante il prospetto informativo europeo standardizzato. La tipologia di beni oggetto della direttiva, sono generalmente acquistati all’interno delle famiglie, ma a differenza di quelli di consumo, hanno un valore economico di gran lunga superiore che quindi porta spesso i consumatori, non aventi disponibilità economiche così importanti, a stipulare presso gli appositi istituti di credito, contratti volti all’acquisto, e si è posto pertanto per questi contratti l’esigenza di garantire una erogazione di credito responsabile ed in favore di soggetti meritevoli. Si è evidenziato come la direttiva mutui abbia predisposto una disciplina più rigida, rispetto a quella presente nella direttiva sul credito ai consumatori n.48/2008/Ce per l’acquisto di beni di consumo, volta favorire da un lato il responsible borrowing, dall’altro il responsible lending. Per quanto riguarda la disciplina del responsible borrowing vi è, infatti, da un lato, in sede pubblicitaria un ampliamento delle informazioni volte a promuovere sia l’istituto di credito, che i prodotti finanziari disponibili sul mercato a chiunque abbia interesse a stipulare un contratto di credito; dall’altro, vi è in sede precontrattuale una migliore erogazione d’informazioni al consumatore-cliente, informazioni che vengono fornite attraverso un modulo informativo personalizzato alle preferenze e condizioni economiche del consumatore (Considerando 41).In merito alla disciplina del responsible lending sono state previste, invece, disposizioni più rigide e chiare per quanto riguarda la valutazione del merito creditizio e le sue ripercussioni sul rapporto obbligatorio. La disciplina del responsible borrowing, all’interno della c.d. “direttiva mutui”, si è evidenziato come si caratterizzi per una graduale erogazione d’informazioni che inizia da un ambito generale standardizzato, svincolato da una contrattazione vera e propria con un consumatore determinato (all’informazione pubblicitaria sono dedicati gli artt. 11 12 alle informazioni generali l’art. 13), fino ad una qualificata personalizzata serie d’informazioni dirette al consumatore specifico (all’informazione precontrattuale è dedicato l’art. 14), contrassegnate dalla bi-direzionalità circolarità delle notizie fornite da un lato, dal finanziatore, dall’altro dal consumatore. Queste informazioni, sono tutte fornite in modo che il consumatore possa giungere ad una decisione informata, attraverso sia il confronto tra le offerte di credito disponibili sul mercato, sia una valutazione delle diverse implicazioni che possono conseguire una volta stipulato il contratto. Abbiamo analizzato, la prima tranche d’informazioni: informazioni pubblicitarie e generali sono erogate a fini meramente conoscitivi e pubblicitari ad un numero indeterminato di soggetti. Dalla lettura del nuovo d.lsg. 72/2016 è emerso come molte questioni non siano in realtà state risolte, in particolare la scelta di riportarsi fedelmente al contenuto della direttiva, senza aggiungere nulla e senza integrare alcun passaggio, ha fatto si che non si affrontassero determinati temi quali il recesso, il collegamento contrattuale nell’ambito dei contratti di credito immobiliari, o soprattutto le conseguenze derivanti dalla mancata o inadeguata o errata valutazione del merito creditizio da parte del professionista. Proprio quest’ultimo passaggio relativo al non aver affrontato in termini di conseguenze i casi derivanti dalla mancata o inadeguata o errata valutazione del merito creditizio da parte del professionista ha portato a delle riflessioni. La direttiva non avendo individuato rimedi specifici nel caso di violazione degli obblighi di informazione, neppure in merito alle responsabilità del finanziatore o del consumatore, ha rimesso agli Stati membri il compito di definire in sede di recepimento “sanzioni efficaci, proporzionate e dissuasive”. Non sono quindi mancati autori che hanno elaborato delle ipotesi in riferimento alle conseguenze in caso di violazione degli obblighi di informazione; in relazione alla disciplina delle informazioni generali, quelle quindi rivolte ad un pubblico indeterminato e ancora estraneo ad una possibile contrattazione, laddove queste informazioni dovessero risultare lacunose o fuorvianti, si è ipotizzata l’applicabilità della disciplina delle pratiche commerciali scorrette di cui all’art.20 del codice del consumo e, quindi, della tutela amministrativa di cui agli artt. 21-23 -27 del Codice del Consumo. Qualora poi, tali informazioni siano falsate e determinino un comportamento del consumatore interessato che non si sarebbe verificato nel caso in cui tali informazioni fossero state veritiere, si potrebbe ipotizzare un vizio del consenso sanzionabile con l’annullamento del contratto stesso. Concretamente, tuttavia, non è sempre facile giungere ad una soluzione simile, laddove soprattutto la conclusione del contratto è sempre mediata dall’erogazione delle informazioni personalizzate secondo il disposto di cui all’art. 14 della direttiva, che riguardano sì i medesimi aspetti oggetto delle informazioni generali, ma che li espongono in modo molto più dettagliato e finalizzato. Ecco, quindi, che se l’informazione personalizzata è integra e completa e corrisponde poi all’operazione che effettivamente si conclude, sembra difficile o quanto meno forzato poter sostenere che il contratto concluso sia annullabile per via delle scorrette informazioni generali che si ritiene possano aver viziato il consenso del consumatore in fase anteriore a quella precontrattuale. Qualora le, invece, le informazioni scorrette siano fornite in sede precontrattuale attraverso il modulo personalizzato e creino uno sviamento del comportamento economico del consumatore, si ritiene che esse possano realmente allora aver inciso sulla volontà del contrante, viziandone il consenso. In ultima analisi, si dà il caso in cui si determini una discordanza tra i costi indicati in sede di informazioni generali e quelli rinvenuti nel Pies; in tal caso sarebbe applicabile nel nostro ordinamento la disciplina delle informazioni pubblicitarie di cui all’art. 116 e 117 del T.u.b., secondo cui il contenuto del contratto può si discostarsi ma solo in melius dal contenuto presente nelle informazioni pubblicitarie. In questi casi si avrà, quindi, la nullità delle clausole contrattuali che prevedevano condizioni economiche meno favorevoli in sede pubblicitaria e la sostituzione automatica con le clausole più favorevoli, che quindi vadano a ripristinare lo squilibrio che si è determinato. Qualora poi l’inesattezza delle informazioni generali abbia determinato la mancata conclusione del contratto, il consumatore si ritiene che possa appellarsi alla violazione dell’art.1337 c.c., ovvero alla configurabilità di una responsabilità precontrattuale del professionista, lamentando un danno nell’aver fatto affidamento nelle condizioni economiche esposte all’interno delle informazioni generali riguardati quei determinati prodotti, informazioni che poi si sono rivelate fuorvianti in sede di informazioni personalizzate. Nel caso in cui, invece, il contratto sia concluso in assenza di consegna del Pies o con l’erogazione di un Pies mancante delle parti che riguardano la spiegazione di alcuni contenuti economici essenziali del contratto, in entrambi i casi si ritiene che si possa ipotizzare la violazione degli obblighi informativi personalizzati che comporta un’estensione del termine di recesso ci cui all’art. 125-bis e ter del cod.cons. Si è palesa dunque, la cautela del legislatore europeo e di quello italiano nel pronunciarsi in merito alla responsabilità del consumatore che del professionista e nel prevedere sanzioni in merito a tali comportamenti. La scelta prudente è sicuramente dettata anche dalla delicatezza della materia che si affronta. Se infatti si caricasse di eccessivi oneri in termini di informazione, la figura del finanziatore, si potrebbe avere come effetto quello di un comportamento difensivo e soprattutto di diffidenza dello stesso qualora voglia concedere il credito, con inevitabile danneggiamento per il consumatore che non sarebbe incoraggiato alla stipulazione responsabile di tali contratti e, quindi, un danneggiamento per il mercato in generale. Se, d’altra parte si caricasse di eccessivi oneri il consumatore, questo comporterebbe una disciplina oltremodo severa per lo stesso, dimenticando che è invece il soggetto debole che deve essere tutelato, dove invece il professionista sarebbe esageratamente tutelato, potendo erogare finanziamenti senza considerare la figura e gli interessi del consumatore. Si può comunque evidenziare che, nonostante le difficoltà del legislatore europeo e nazionale, gli strumenti interpretativi presenti nel nostro ordinamento se coordinati con le norme di derivazione europea, possono prospettare dei margini di tutela ulteriore per il consumatore, avendo come guida il principio di buona fede nella fase delle trattative e nella conclusione del contratto. L’assenza nel nostro ordinamento di un apposito sistema rimediale, che faccia discendere dalle ipotesi di violazione di un obbligo informativo una sanzione tipica, fa si che la ricerca della soluzione è inevitabilmente lasciata all’interprete. Orbene, in un contesto del genere, la dottrina (ma anche, come visto in precedenza, la giurisprudenza) si è sbizzarrita dando vita ad un ventaglio di ipotesi, da taluno definito come l’“ambaradan dei rimedi contrattuali”. Ecco dunque che si è dedicato ampio spazio a quello che è il dibattito nazionale tra regole di validità e regole di correttezza, fino alla pronuncia delle SS.UU del 2007, e i risvolti in termini degli effetti che la violazione delle regole di comportamento possono provocare su un contratto valido ma tuttavia sconveniente. Da questo spunto, e per approcciarsi ad una soluzione di quella che è la violazione degli obblighi precontrattuali in senso stretto, in omessa valutazione del merito creditizio, o nelle patologie del Pies, si è analizzata la disciplina interne e si è ipotizzata l’applicabilità della teoria dei vizi incompleti. Funzione della teoria dei c.d. vizi incompleti potrebbe perciò rinvenirsi nell’esigenza di evitare che la disciplina dell’invalidità negoziale possa venire facilmente elusa da soggetti che, furbamente, utilizzino tali limiti per concludere contratti con assetti di interessi fortemente squilibrati e pur tuttavia validi; e per fungere da guida per gli operatori del diritto al fine di cristallizzare la nuova fattispecie della responsabilità precontrattuale in caso di contratto valido, ma sconveniente. Inoltre, gran parte della dottrina propende a escludere il ricorso al rimedio invalidante sulla scorta di un’importante pronuncia delle Sezioni Unite della Corte di Cassazione risalente al 2007, concernente i contratti di investimento e la violazione degli obblighi informativi. Al di là dell’oggetto specifico della controversia, queste sentenze sono particolarmente importanti per l’innovazione che hanno apportato nell’ordinamento sul tema del rapporto fra regole di validità e di responsabilità in caso di violazione degli obblighi di buona fede nella fase delle trattative. L’elaborazione della teorica dei c.d. vizi incompleti ha svolto un’opera di “traino” ai fini dell’avvicinamento delle due discipline (quella precontrattuale e quella relativa al sistema delle invalidità negoziali), portando con sé notevoli conseguenze, anche sul piano giurisprudenziale, tralatiziamente ancorato ad interpretazioni riduttive della normativa precontrattuale. Per quanto attiene più nel dettagli alla violazione dell’obbligo di valutazione del merito creditizio, abbiamo avuto modo di constare che già la direttiva sul credito al consumo 2008/48/Ce aveva introdotto l’esecuzione della verifica della solvibilità del consumatore/ debitore non aveva regolato le conseguenze dell’eventuale inadempimento di questo obbligo, per cui all’art.23 della direttiva in linea con quanto previsto dal considerando n.47, si limitava a rimettere agli Stati membri la definizione di sanzioni che fossero “efficaci, proporzionate e dissuasive” per punire la violazione delle disposizioni nazionali in materia di credito al consumo. Tuttavia la discrezionalità lasciata al legislatore nazione difficilmente si coordinava con l’obiettivo di armonizzazione massima a livello europeo. Lo stesso legislatore italiano non aveva ritenuto di intervenire per determinare le conseguenze sanzionatorie dell’omessa valutazione del merito creditizio da parte del finanziatore che, quindi dipenderanno dalla normativa da parte dei giudici nazionali, attraverso il ricorso ai rimedi civilistici esistenti. Corre l’obbligo precisare che se è vero che il nostro sistema civilistico non preveda il divieto di erogare il finanziamento qualora la capacità restitutoria del consumatore risultasse negativa, essendo pacificamente ammessi sia da parte di dottrina che di giurisprudenza la piena validità dei contratti stipulati in tale contesto, tuttavia, l’importanza della valutazione si ravvisa laddove la sua violazione comporti un effetto negativo sul consumatore sicuramente importante; lo stesso infatti dopo la concessione del credito confidando sulla propria capacità di sostenere il piano di rimborso, affidandosi alla valutazione che il finanziatore avrebbe dovuto eseguire prima dell’erogazione, si ritrova in realtà in uno stato di futura insolvenza. Un comportamento scorretto del finanziatore sia che non effettui la preventiva verifica del merito creditizio, sia che conceda il finanziamento in presenza di una valutazione dall’esito negativo, avrà come conseguenza l’erogazione al consumatore di un credito eccessivo rispetto alla sua capacità restitutoria e, a ragione di ciò, potrebbe non riuscire a rispettare gli impegni assunti. Nonostante la mancanza di una specifica disposizione sul punto, la dottrina ha ritenuto opportuno tutelare il consumatore prevedendo che il mancato rispetto da parte del finanziatore di un obbligo di condotta determini la possibilità di poter agire per ottenere un risarcimento danni, in quanto non ha ricevuto tutte le informazioni necessarie per potere giungere ad una decisione ponderata e ciò l’ha portato a contrarre un debito non sostenibile. Può quindi concludersi considerando che seppure la direttiva mutui si sia inserita in un contesto tentando di colmarne lacune, alla luce soprattutto di un’armonizzazione massina in aspetti che se lasciati ai singoli Stati, avrebbero comportato un eccessivo divario di tutela, è proprio in quell’ambito dove avrebbe dovuto spingersi oltre che in realtà si arresta. La tutela del contraente debole, soprattutto nella fase precontrattuale, in termini di “rimedi” per violazioni da parte dell’operatore del credito, sembra essere ancora ancorata alle soluzioni domestiche dei singoli Stati che si trovano quindi a far fronte a recepimenti di direttive che seppure, come è, sono finalizzate alla massima tutela del consumatore, tralasciano poi quello che è l’aspetto dove concretamente si dovrebbe attuare questa tutela, ovvero la fase esecutiva.

Les differentes methodes d'analyse de donnees de la chimiometrie sont appliquees a la comprehension et a la modelisation du comportement d'une serie de 72 n-benzylideneanilines disubstituees (nba) en chromatographie liquide. Ces molecules de formule x-c#6h#4-ch=n-c#6h#4-y sont etudiees en chromatographie liquide en phase normale, sur phase stationnaire aminopropyle, en utilisant la strategie des plans d'experiences. La phase eluante est constituee d'heptane plus au moins un des modificateurs tetrahydrofurane, octanol-1 et acetate d'ethyle. Dans la premiere partie les facteurs de capacite sont analyses avec sept eluants differents. Pour ameliorer la precision des donnees de retention, des indices de retention sont egalement determines en utilisant un ensemble de trois composes de reference choisis dans la serie des nba. Ces deux types de grandeurs de retention sont exploites par diverses methodes chimiometriques: analyse en composantes principales (acp), classification ascendante hierarchique (cah), et analyse factorielle des correspondances (afc). L'examen du premier plan de projection de l'afc montre que le 1er axe factoriel est relie aux effets electroniques. Les coordonnees des composes sur ce premier axe donnent une assez bonne correlation avec les constantes de hammett #x et #y. Dans la seconde partie, le comportement chromatographique des nba est etudie avec deux modeles, l'un chromatographique, a partir de cartes d'optimisation et de regressions polynomiales, et l'autre chimiometrique, a partir d'analyses factorielles. Le role des modificateurs est analyse avec divers modeles mathematiques. L'analyse factorielle aide a preciser les principaux mecanismes chromatographiques. La selectivite chromatographique des nba est interpretee par les interactions acido-basiques de la classification solvatochromique des solvants. Ce concept permet de presenter des suggestions pour elargir le domaine experimental retenu afin de traiter au mieux le probleme de l'optimisation de la separation de melanges complexes

La loi du 23 juin 2006, entrée en vigueur le 1er janvier 2007, poursuit trois objectifs principaux, de simplification, de sécurisation du règlement des successions et de protection des héritiers. Elle comprend deux volets le premier sur les successions et le second sur les libéralités. Cette loi est une nécessaire adaptation aux nouvelles évolutions démographiques et sociologiques (allongement de la durée de la vie, augmentation du nombre des familles recomposées et présence d'enfants non communs) et permet d'augmenter la liberté de partage du disposant, notamment dans la transmission des entreprises, un véritable problème en france. Cette loi, objet de plusieurs décennies de réflexion, fournit de nombreux outils modernes, mais présente toutefois des lacunes, soit que le législateur ne semble pas être allé jusqu'au bout de sa réforme et que les outils sont incomplets, soit que ces derniers sont déjà concurrencés par d'autres outils existants. Ces lacunes devront être complétées pour que la loi du 23 juin 2006 reste, pour longtemps, une loi toujours moderne et bien adaptée aux transformations rapides de notre société
The law of June 23rd, 2006, which entered into force on January 1st, 2007 has three main objectives, simplifying and securing inheritance agreement and protection of heirs. It consists of two components: successions and liberalities.This law is a necessary adaptation to the new demographic and sociological changes (increased life expectancy, increasing numbers of reconstituted families and step-children), increasing the freedom to share, which is, especially in the transmission of companies, a real issue in France.This law, the subject of several decades of thinking, provided many modern tools, but it does have some gaps, either because the legislator has not gone far enough with the reform and the tools are incomplete, or that they are already in competition with other existing tools. These deficiencies must be completed so that the law of June 23rd, 2006 remains for a long time, a law still modern and adapted to rapid changes in our society

Domestic work is an area of labor which is mainly occupied by women, most of them black or of mixed race, migrant and poor. Those characteristics lead to a view of domestic work as a non-professional activity and thus to discrimination by societies and governments throughout the world. Considering the International Law, human rights at work apply to the domestic workers as well as to other workers. ILO recognizes that expressly. However it is a fact that States throughout the world keep depriving domestic workers of several rights at work by editing discriminatory laws or even by refusing to protect them under the national labor laws. In that sense, domestic work is being apart from decent work, as pursued by ILO. Faced with discriminatory practices by too many States, International Labor Conference 2011 adopted the Convention n. 189 and Recommendation 201 in order to specifically protect the rights of domestic workers. By those instruments ILO expressly recognizes that all its Conventions, as well as the Human Rights Treaties also apply to that specific group or workers. Therefore, Brazil initiates a changing in the Constitution by amendment, altering the sole paragraph of article 7, which addresses the social the social rights at work for domestic workers. By modifying that article the Constitution expressly recognizes most of the social rights at work to the domestic workers. This achievement was obtained with the political participation of women domestic workers whose fighting spirit and determination towards the recognition of rights precedes the Constitution of 1988. However, Brazil, up to this date (July 2014), has not stated the internal procedure towards the ratification of ILO’s Convention n. 189 yet, without which the use of monitoring mechanisms as well as the international accountability of the country are hindered.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O trabalho doméstico é um setor do trabalho ocupado principalmente por mulheres, na maioria negra ou mestiça, migrante e pobre. Essas características contribuem para que não seja respeitado como uma atividade profissional e, por conseguinte, para que seja discriminado pela sociedade e pelos governos dos diversos países no mundo. No âmbito do Direito Internacional, as normas de direitos humanos no trabalho se aplicam tanto às trabalhadoras domésticas como a qualquer outro trabalhador. Isso é reconhecido pela OIT. No entanto, verificou-se que os Estados nacionais as privavam de determinados direitos humanos no trabalho, editando normas expressamente discriminatórias ou mesmo sequer tutelando as trabalhadoras domésticas nas normas trabalhistas. Nesse sentido, o trabalho doméstico se distancia do trabalho decente segundo os objetivos propugnados pela OIT. Diante das constatações de políticas discriminatórias por parte dos Estados, em 2011, a Conferênci Internacional do Trabalho adotou a Convenção n. 189 e a Recomendação n. 201, especificamente tutelando os direitos das trabalhadoras e trabalhadores domésticos, e reconhecendo expressamente que todas as demais convenções, bem como os tratados de direitos humanos se aplicam também a tais trabalhadoras e trabalhadores. O Brasil, em consequência, promoveu modificação na sua Constituição, alterando o parágrafo único do artigo 7º, que trata dos direitos sociais no trabalho, para reconhecer diversos direitos às empregadas domésticas, tentando igualá-las aos demais trabalhadores. Essa conquista teve a participação política das mulheres trabalhadoras domésticas, cuja luta e determinação em busca do reconhecimento de direitos antecede mesmo a Constituição de 1988. Mas o Brasil até esta data (julho de 2014) ainda não deu início ao procedimento para ratificação da Convenção n. 189 da OIT, sem a qual a utilização do mecanismo de monitoramento da OIT e sua responsabilização na seara internacional, quanto ao cumprimento das normas dessa Convenção, ficam obstaculizadas.

Durant les régimes de fonctionnement transitoires à froid des technologies d’Injection Directe Essence, des films liquides peuvent se former sur les parois du cylindre moteur. L’interaction entre le gradient de fraction de vapeur, résultant de l’évaporation de ces films avec le front de flamme, est responsable de la majorité des émissions d’hydrocarbures imbrulés (HC). Dans ces travaux, une configuration expérimentale simplifiée a été développée de façon à générer un gradient de fraction de vapeur par évaporation, dans un contexte d’écoulement réactif confiné, mais préservé des complexités inhérentes aux configurations industrielles. L’étude porte sur les influences de la vitesse de l’écoulement et de la température de l’interface de changement de phase sur les intensités des transferts de masse et de chaleur ainsi que sur l’établissement de la stratification de vapeur. Dans un premier temps, les flux de vapeur et de chaleur provenant d’une paroi poreuse saturée en liquide volatil ont été mesurés et évalués. Dans un second temps, le gradient de fraction de vapeur à proximité de la paroi poreuse a été caractérisé par un diagnostic de Fluorescence Induite par Laser (FIL). L’approche globale a confirmé que le flux de chaleur consommé par le changement de phase représente une part importante du flux de chaleur total échangé. De plus, les résultats de mesures de FIL ont montré l’existence de différents types de distributions et comportements provenant du lien étroit entre la forte densité du mélange gazeux et la formation de la couche de vapeur
During cold start and warm up engine regimes for Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) technology, fuel liquid films may accumulate on the cylinder walls. The interaction between the mass fraction gradient, witch is resulting from its evaporation, and the front flame, manages to produce the majority of Unburnt HydroCarbon (UHC) emissions. In order to reproduce the conditions found in internal combustion without the industrial setup complexity, an academic experimental configuration has been developed to generate a mass fraction gradient by evaporation. This study focuses on the influence of the air stream velocity and the influence of the phase change interface temperature. First, mass and heat fluxes from the phase change surface have been measured and calculated near a porous wall saturated with volatile liquid. Then, the mass fraction gradient near the porous wall has been characterised by a Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) diagnostic. The global approach has confirmed that latent heat flux represents a major part of the total heat transfer flux exchange. Moreover, LIF results have shown different global behaviours that link the high density of the gas mixture to the vapour layer formation

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Estudos LatinoAmericanos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Comparados Sobre as Américas, 2017.
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O trabalho doméstico é imprescindível para a manutenção da vida humana. Entretanto, o histórico de desempenho desse ofício vem acompanhado por complexos processos de discriminações negativas, motivadas, sobretudo, pelos sistemas de classificação de classe, raça e gênero. A presente pesquisa analisa os debates desenvolvidos nas cinco audiências públicas de discussão da Proposta de Emenda à Constituição nº 478-A, realizadas entre outubro de 2011 e maio de 2012. A referida proposta versou sobre a equiparação das trabalhadoras domésticas às demais categorias urbanas e rurais e foi aprovada dia 02 de abril de 2013, dando corpo à Emenda Constitucional 72, que estabeleceu a alteração do parágrafo único do artigo 7º da Carta Magna e ampliou os direitos das trabalhadoras domésticas. Vale ressaltar que esse processo de extensão de direitos foi denominado, por muitos, de segunda abolição. Diante ao exposto e à observação da importância do trabalho doméstico para a reprodução da sociedade e dos sistemas econômicos e políticos e de sua tardia regulamentação, este estudo propõe considerar como a imagem social da trabalhadora doméstica é constituída por diferentes grupos presentes nos debates analisados. Buscando, ainda, desvendar o que a discussões acerca do trabalho doméstico podem dizer sobre as estruturas de conformação da sociedade, de um modo geral. Verifica-se que a fixação de quadros construídos sob a égide do eurocentrismo colonial/moderno continua a influir nos direcionamentos políticos do Estado e no arcabouço jurídico brasileiro, e, consequentemente nos desenhos sociais das trabalhadoras domésticas e na atribuição de não valor às atividades por elas desempenhadas..
The domestic work is indispensable for the support of human life. However, the performance history of this office is accompanied complex processes of negative discrimination, motivated, above all, by a classification system of class, race and gender. This research analyzes the debates developed at the five public hearings of Proposed Amendment to Constitution No. 478-A, made between october of 2011 and may of 2012. The proposal refers to the equality of domestic workers to the other urban and rural categories and was approved on April 2nd, 2013, creating the Constitutional Amendment 72, which established a change in the sole paragraph of Article 7th of the Constitution and extended the rights of domestic workers. It is worth mentioning that this rights extension process was called, by many, a second abolition. In view of the above and the consideration of the domestic work’s importance for a reproduction of society, economic and political systems and its late regulation, this study proposes to considerate how the domestic workers social image is built by different groups present in the analyzed discussions. Still seeking to unravel what the discussions about the domestic work can say about the structures of society, in general. It is verified that a fixation of pictures built under the aegis of colonial / modern Eurocentrism continues to influence the State’s political orientations and the Brazilian legal framework, and consequently in the social drawings of domestic workers and in the non-value attribution to the activities performed by them.
El trabajo doméstico es imprescindible para el mantenimiento de la vida humana. Sin embargo, el histórico de desempeño de este oficio viene acompañado por complejos procesos de discriminaciones negativas, motivadas, sobre todo, por los sistemas de clasificación de clase, raza y género. Esta investigación analiza los debates ocurridos en las cinco audiencias públicas de discusión de la Propuesta de Enmienda a la Constitución nº 478-A, realizadas entre octubre de 2011 y mayo de 2012. La referida propuesta versó sobre la equiparación de las trabajadoras domésticas a las demás categorías urbanas y rurales y fue aprobada el día 02 de abril de 2013, dando cuerpo a la Enmienda Constitucional 72, que estableció la alteración del párrafo único del artículo 7º de la Carta Magna y amplió los derechos de las trabajadoras domésticas. Vale resaltar que ese proceso de extensión de derechos fue denominado, por muchos, de segunda abolición. Frente a lo antes expuesto y a la consideración de la importancia del trabajo doméstico para la reproducción de la sociedad y de los sistemas económicos y políticos y de su tardía reglamentación, este estudio busca considerar cómo la imagen social de la trabajadora doméstica es constituida por diferentes grupos presentes en los debates analizados. Buscando, aún, desvendar lo que las discusiones acerca del trabajo doméstico pueden decir sobre las estructuras coloniales de conformación de la sociedad brasileña, de un modo general. Se verifica que la fijación de los cuadros construidos bajo la protección del eurocentrismo colonial/moderno continúa influyendo en las directrices políticas del Estado y en el esqueleto jurídico brasilero, y, consecuentemente en los diseños sociales de las trabajadoras domésticas y en la no atribución de valor a las actividades por ellas desempeñadas.

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According to recent data from the International Labour Organisation, Brazil is the country with the highest number of domestic workers in the world. This fact makes the Organization to deliver a special look to Brazil about this issue. Recently approved, the Brazilian Constitutional Amendment No. 72/2013 expands the list of rights of domestic workers in the country. Therefore, this research analyses if this new Brazilian protection law suits the guidelines of the International Labour Organization, especially in regard to the content of Convention 189 and Recommendation 201, which have not yet been ratified by Brazil. This research situates the real dimension of the extension of international protection in order to deliver a critical analysis of the Constitutional Amendment adopted by Brazil. Also, it seeks to understand how Brazil, a developing country with a historical culture of slavery, can walk towards a fair and appropriate protection towards these workers
O Brasil é o país do mundo que mais concentra trabalhadores domésticos, de acordo com dados recentes da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT). Esse fato faz com que a Organização dispense um olhar especial ao Brasil, no que tange ao referido tema. Recentemente, foi aprovada a Emenda Constitucional n. 72/2013, ampliando o rol de direitos de tais trabalhadores em território brasileiro. Ante a essa perspectiva, analisa-se, neste presente estudo, se essa proteção se adequa às diretrizes da OIT, especialmente no que diz respeito ao teor da Convenção 189 e da Recomendação 201, que ainda não foram ratificadas no Brasil. Situa-se, com isso, a real dimensão da extensão da proteção internacional por meio de uma compilação que tem como base uma análise crítica da alteração constitucional aprovada em nosso País. Trata-se, portanto, de pesquisa que busca entender como o Brasil, país em desenvolvimento e de cultura escravocrata, pode caminhar na direção de uma proteção que seja, para essa parcela da população, justa e adequada

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Esta Dissertação analisa a luta das trabalhadoras domésticas pela obtenção dos mesmos direitos e garantias dos demais trabalhadores, definidos para as outras classes de trabalhadores que também exercem atividade profissional remunerada. Discute, também, a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional 72/2013 e a não equiparação entre empregados domésticos e não domésticos. Portanto, o objetivo é analisar o processo de valorização dos trabalhadores domésticos no Brasil, confrontando o estabelecimento e o cumprimento de normas legais com abertura de prerrogativas que culminam com a manutenção da desigualdade entre esses trabalhadores. Para isso, faz-se necessário um levantamento histórico associado às normas regulamentares, atentando para a conscientização e para o surgimento de novas posturas nas relações entre patrão e empregado doméstico, bem como para os entraves na prática das novas regras, os quais ferem um dos princípios da Constituição Federal que é a preservação da dignidade humana. A pesquisa foi dividida em quatro partes. A primeira seção examina a identificação conceitual dos empregados domésticos e os condicionantes que permitem o reconhecimento para classificação e enquadramento do grupo, bem como a evolução histórica do trabalho doméstico no Brasil e, ainda, traz os direitos contemplados e os não concedidos com a Emenda Constitucional nº72/2013. A segunda seção descreve a evolução histórica da classe trabalhadora dos empregados domésticos na Argentina, seus decretos leis e a nova lei que regula esses trabalhadores. A terceira retoma a discussão sobre a valorização profissional desse grupo e sobre o apoio da Organização Internacional do Trabalho e sua convenção 189, trabalhando com a importância e a dignidade desses empregados, assim como biografias e histórias de vida de mulheres ativistas à causa.
In this dissertation we analyze the struggle of domestic workers to obtaining the same rights and guarantees defined for other classes of workers that also perform paid professional activity. We discuss the proclamation of Constitutional Amendment n. 72/2013 and the no equivalence between domestic and non-domestic employees. Thus, the aim is to analyze the process of valuation of domestic workers in Brazil, confronting the establishment and enforcement of legal regulations with opening prerogatives that culminate with the maintenance of inequality among these workers. For this, a historical survey of the regulations is necessary, attempting to achieve awareness and the emergence of new attitudes in the relationship between employer and domestic worker as well as the barriers in the practice of the new rules, hurting one of the principles of the Federal Constitution which is the preservation of human dignity. The research was divided into four parts. The first chapter examines the conceptual identification of domestic workers and the conditions that allow recognition for classification and framing the group as well as the historical evolution of domestic work in Brazil and also it brings the contemplated rights and the ones not established on the Constitutional Amendment n. 72/2013. The second chapter describes the historical development of the working class of domestic workers in Argentina, its law enactment and the new law regulating these workers. The third chapter recaptures the discussion on the professional development of this group with the support of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and its Convention 189 working with the importance and dignity of these employees, as well as biographies and life-history of women activists to the cause.

AbstractBounded Model Checking (BMC) is a popularly used strategy for program verification and it has been explored extensively over the past decade. Despite such a long history, BMC still faces scalability challenges as programs continue to grow larger and more complex. One approach that has proven to be effective in verifying large programs is called Counterexample Guided Abstraction Refinement (CEGAR). In this work, we propose a complementary approach to CEGAR for bounded model checking of sequential programs: in contrast to CEGAR, our algorithm gradually widens underapproximations of a program, guided by the proofs of unsatisfiability. We implemented our ideas in a tool called Legion. We compare the performance of Legion against that of Corral, a state-of-the-art verifier from Microsoft, that utilizes the CEGAR strategy. We conduct our experiments on 727 Windows and Linux device driver benchmarks. We find that Legion is able to solve 12% more instances than Corral and that Legion exhibits a complementary behavior to that of Corral. Motivated by this, we also build a portfolio verifier, $$\textsc {Legion}^{+}$$ L E G I O N + , that attempts to draw the best of Legion and Corral. Our portfolio, $$\textsc {Legion}^{+}$$ L E G I O N + , solves 15% more benchmarks than Corral with similar computational resource constraints (i.e. each verifier in the portfolio is run with a time budget that is half of the time budget of Corral). Moreover, it is found to be $$2.9\times $$ 2.9 × faster than Corral on benchmarks that are solved by both Corral and $$\textsc {Legion}^{+}$$ L E G I O N + .

This work aims to investigate communication practices at work and their direct effects on the quality of interpersonal relationships in professional environments. This is a quantitative research with Large-N sampling, applied in two stages in the municipality of Tangará da Serra-MT, in 2022 and 2023, a random sample of 724 workers of the retail trade and service companies of the municipality. The results indicate that the professionals are unaware of their communicative capacities and limitations, constantly attributing to others the causes of internal conflicts. In addition, most workers recognized as positive their interactions with the managers of the company, clearly informing the tasks and attributions of the position in most of the moments of communication, with a tendency to cooperation as a dynamic most practiced at work.

Risk-informed safety classification can be used to identify power plant components that are important to plant safety. Alternative treatment requirements can then be allowed for select components based on their risk-informed safety classification. This concept has been embraced in Section XI of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code through the approval of Code Cases N-660 and N-662. Draft Code Case N-720 provides an approach to applying risk-informed safety classification to new plant designs in Section III of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. For new plant designs some unique challenges exist compared to those encountered in the application of the concept to an operating plant. This paper will discuss the risk-informed safety classification approach in Code Case N-720 and the key differences in its application to new plant designs. The alternative treatment requirements proposed in the Code Case and their benefits will also be discussed.

This paper will discuss the ASME Code Committee activities involved in the incorporation of surface stress improvement (SSI) into ASME Code Cases N-770-4 and N-729-5. ASME Code Cases N-770 [1] and N-770-1 introduced several mitigation approaches for dissimilar metal weld (DMW) locations in PWR primary system piping and provided inspection relief for locations that were mitigated. The initial approaches contained in N-770 and N-770-1 included mechanical stress improvement and weld overlay methods that have a global stress relief effect to achieve a very low tensile surface stress state or a compressive stress state at the weld inside surface to halt crack initiation, as well as growth of acceptably sized cracks. The weld overlay mitigation methods are also effective because they introduce PWSCC-resistant material, i.e., Alloys 52, 152, or their variants. (The initial approaches also included Alloy 52/152 weld inlay and weld onlay, methods that do not require stress improvement but do require access to the weld inside surface.) While the mechanical stress improvement and weld overlay methods address the majority of the DMW locations in the primary piping system, there are locations that cannot be treated by these approaches due to the weld geometry or access limitations for the needed equipment. Additionally the dissimilar metal J-groove welds in the reactor pressure vessel head penetration nozzles (RPVHPN) could not be addressed at all by the approaches developed for DMW locations. To address the industry need to mitigate the unfavorable DMW geometries and locations along with the RPVHPN locations, the use of surface stress improvement (SSI) was studied and documented in EPRI reports Materials Reliability Program (MRP)-267 [2], “Technical Basis for Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking by Surface Stress Improvement,” and MRP-335 [3], “Topical Report for Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking by Surface Stress Improvement.” These reports formed the technical basis for the SSI-related changes made in Code Cases N-770-4 and N-729-5. Along with the technical bases noted, support from the international community in terms of operational experience with SSI in their power plants was invaluable in providing the necessary understanding, context, and confidence to committee members. The ASME “Task Group High Strength Nickel Alloy Issues” (TGHSNAI) was assigned the task of revising the existing Code Cases, N-770 [1], “Alternate Examination Requirements and Acceptance Standards for Class 1 PWR Piping and Vessel Nozzle Butt Welds Fabricated With UNS N06082 or UNS W86182 Weld Filler Material With or Without Application of Listed Mitigation Activities” and N-729 [4], “Alternate Examination Requirements for PWR Reactor Vessel Upper Heads With Nozzles Having Pressure-Retaining Partial-Penetration Welds.” To incorporate the SSI approach into these Code Cases, the first action was to determine whether the SSI process was considered to be a peening process as defined by ASME Section III NB-4422 criteria. This required the submittal of an Interpretation of NB-4422 to determine if SSI techniques were considered a peening process under ASME Section III. The interpretation (Interpretation III-1-13-03), documented in ASME File 12-1192 [5], specified that SSI was not considered peening by Section III. This interpretation provided the framework by which SSI could be directly applied to ASME Section XI inspection criteria without the need to first revise ASME Section III NB-4422. SSI (peening) was first incorporated into Code Case N-770 [1] to provide a mitigation alternative for locations unable to be addressed by the methods addressed thus far. The revision to Code Case N-770 [1] does not provide guidance for the application of SSI activities but rather, it provides the process performance criteria and the inspection guidance following the application of SSI and establishes the pre-application inspection acceptance criteria. Following the approval of SSI in Code Case N-770 [1] addressing the DMW in the primary coolant piping system, the SSI approach was applied to the partial penetration dissimilar metal J-groove welds in RPVHPNs in Code Case N-729 [4]. The application to RPVHPNs provides the industry with a valuable asset preservation tool while significantly lowering the safety risks associated with primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) and degradation from borated water leakage for the RPVHPNs.

Plant operating experience with Alloy 600 reactor pressure vessel top head penetration nozzles in U.S. PWRs shows that the inspection intervals prescribed by ASME Code Case N-729-1 have been successful in managing the PWSCC concern. No through-wall cracking has been observed in the U.S. after the first in-service volumetric or surface examination was performed on all CRDM or CEDM nozzles in a given head. The current inspection intervals have facilitated identification of any PWSCC in its early stages, with small numbers of nozzles affected and substantial margins to leakage at the five affected heads operating at Tcold. MRP-395 demonstrated through both deterministic and probabilistic analyses that the inspection intervals of Code Case N-729-1 remain valid to conservatively address the PWSCC concern. This paper supplements MRP-395 with additional deterministic crack growth analyses coupled with assessments of the PWSCC indications detected in heads operating at Tcold. The supplemental deterministic assessments presented in this paper demonstrate the acceptability of a 36-month volumetric or surface inspection interval for heads with previously detected PWSCC and that operate at Tcold. Until Code Case N-729-5 is approved by U.S. NRC, use of the 36-month interval in the U.S. for such heads would require review and approval by U.S. NRC of a relief request submitted by the licensee.

Поражение нижних конечностей (НК) при сахарном диабете (СД) является частой причиной ампутации, что приводит к значительному снижению качества жизни пациентов. Несмотря на широкий спектр совре- менных методов лечения СД, прогрессивный рост количества ампутаций у данных пациентов является актуальной проблемой. ЦЕЛЬ: изучить клинико-лабораторные характеристики пациентов центра спасения конечностей (ЦСК) с сахарным диабетом 2 типа (СД2). МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: проведен ретроспективный анализ 729 историй болезни пациентов, имею- щих СД2 и госпитализированных в ЦСК ГБУЗ ГКБ им. В.П. Демихова в период с 2019 по 2020 гг. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: всего в анализ вошло 729 пациентов. Медиана возраста – 66,0 лет [59,0; 73,0]. У 50,89% (n=371) пациентов стаж СД2 более 10 лет. Средний ИМТ составил 31,82±0,43 (95% ДИ 30,96-32,67). Наиболее частой сопутствующей патологией являлась артериальная гипертензия (АГ) – 89,57% (n=653). У 63,24% (n=461) пациентов имелась ИБС, из них у 19,62% (n=143) был инфаркт миокарда в анамнезе. У 16,87% (n=123) наблюдалось острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения, у 44,31% (n=323) – хрони- ческая болезнь почек (ХБП). Медиана гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1c) составляла 7,8% [6,7; 9,1]. Медиана гликемии – 9,9 [7,2; 13,8] ммоль/л. На инсулинотерапии находились 75,99% (n=554) пациентов, из них 14,9% получали только инсулин (n=83), а 85,01% (n=471) – базальный инсулин и пероральные сахароснижающие препараты (ПССП). Только ПССП получали 14,95% (n=109) пациентов. 14,13% (n=103) получали метформин, 6,31% (n=46) – ингиби- торы дипептидилпептидазы-4 (иДПП-4), 0,41% (n=3) – агонисты глюкагоноподобного пептида (аГПП-1), 3,70% (n=27) – ингибиторы натрий-глюкозного ко-транспортера (иНГЛТ-2), 16,46% (n=120) – препараты сульфонилмочевины. Лечение статинами получали 38,59% пациентов (n=225). Среди имевших АГ терапия ингибиторами ренин-ангиотензин-альдостероновой системы была назначена 79,46% (n=472) пациентам, блокаторами кальциевых каналов – 20,55% (n=128). При поступлении у 72,7% пациентов (n=530) был диагностирован СДС. У 27,2% (n=199) – облитериру- ющий атеросклероз артерий НК, из них у 66% (n=133) – критическая ишемия НК. У 26% пациентов с СДС (n=244) имела место гангрена, у 34,5% (n=183) – язва, у 23,9% (n=127) – флегмона, у 9,05% (n=48) – абсцесс, остеомиелит встречался у 11,8 (n=63) пациентов данной группы. В отделении 15,5% (n=113) пациентам провели реваскуляризацию, 14,4% (n=105) было проведено стен- тирование, 1,1% (n=8) – шунтирование. Ампутация НК была выполнена 51% пациентов (n=372), из них 9,95% (n=37) – высокая ампутация, 90,05% (n=335) – низкая ампутация. Среди пациентов с СДС только местное лечение получили 33,5% (n=244), антибактериальную терапию получали 7,2% пациентов (n=53). Выписаны с улучшением 98,5% (n=718) пациентов, летальность стала исходом госпитализации в 1,5% случаев (n=11). ВЫВОДЫ: большинство пациентов ЦСК с СД2, госпитализированных в 2019-2020 г., были старше 60 лет (68,86% (n=502)), имели ожирение (64,14% (n=127)), а также атеросклеротические сердечно-сосудистые за- болевания (АГ – 89,57% (n=653), ИБС – 63,24% (n=461), ОНМК в анамнезе – 16,87% (=123)). У 50,89% (n=371) пациентов стаж СД2 составлял более 10 лет, у 44,31% (n=323) имелась ХБП. Исходом 51% (n=372) госпита- лизаций стала ампутация НК, что требует более тщательного подхода к профилактике и своевременной диагностике поражения НК у пациентов с СД.

Abstract ASME Case N-888, Similar and Dissimilar Metal Welding Using Ambient Temperature SMAW and Machine GTAW Temper Bead Technique, requires a 48-hour hold time before nondestructive examination (NDE) can be performed to ensure hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) did not occur. The aim of this work is to assess and characterize the HIC susceptibility of SA-508 pressure vessel steel. The results from this study will be used to consider potential elimination of the NDE hold time requirement in Case N-888. The Gleeble™ thermo-mechanical simulator was used to recreate CGHAZ for five weld conditions; as-welded, post-weld heat treated (PWHT), and four single-reheat temperatures of 675 °C, 700 °C, 725 °C, and 735 °C to simulate temper bead welding (TBW). Metallurgical characterization revealed a tempered martensitic microstructure for all TBW and the PWHT conditions. The 735 °C TBW sample developed ferrite along the prior austenite grain boundaries. The single reheats to 675 °C, 700 °C and 735 °C reduced the as-welded CGHAZ hardness from 425HV0.5 respectively to 313, 298, and 278HV0.5. A fourth TBW condition was added at 725 °C to eliminate ferrite formation seen at 735 °C. The TBW at 725 °C produced a microstructure of tempered martensite with a hardness of 298HV0.5. The HIC susceptibility is being evaluated using the Delayed Hydrogen Crack Test (DHCT) developed at the Ohio State University. Samples of SA-508 steel with the five CGHAZ microstructural conditions are loaded at 90% of the base metal yield strength and simultaneously electrolytically charged with hydrogen. The HIC susceptibility is ranked by the time to failure (full specimen separation) and sustained mechanical energy.

1. Objetivos Describir uso de vitaminas y desintoxicación en pacientes con T. por consumo de alcohol que se realiza Interconsulta de Adicciones en el H. de Mataró durante 6 meses (enero-junio 2022). 2. Material y métodos Pacientes con T. por consumo de alcohol en Interconsulta de Adicciones se analizó uso de vitaminas y de desintoxicación por médico interconsultor del servicio peticionario, comprobándose su adecuación a la evidencia científica disponible. 3. Resultados y conclusiones Del total de Interconsultas realizadas al Servicio de Psiquiatría en estos 6 meses (110), 71 eran de Psiquiatría general y 39 eran de Adicciones (35%). Son hombres 72% (n=28) respecto 28% mujeres (n=11), con promedio de edad 56.5 años. Los servicios peticionarios más frecuentes Medicina interna 38% (n=15) y Aparato Digestivo con el 33% (n=13). A nivel de consumos, la sustancia principal más consumida fue el alcohol en un 74.3% (n=29), y el resto de cánnabis (n=2), cocaína (n=2), hipnosedantes (n=2) y opiáceos (n=1). Consumo ocasional el 92% (n=32), habitual 81% (n=29). De este 81%, vitaminoterapia: incorrecta 64% (n=23) y correcta sólo en un 17% (n=6). Iniciadas habitualmente: Hidroxil® 55.2% (n=16), folato 48.2% (n=14) y tiamina oral 44.8% (n=13) e intramuscular sólo 34.4% (n=10) y no iniciadas 13.8% (n=4). Faltaban por iniciar: B1-intramuscular 27% (n=15), folato 27%, B1-oral 27%, y el Hidroxil® no 20% (n=11). Desintoxicación: se inicia desintoxicación 79.3% (n=23) por parte de los servicios peticionarios. El fármaco más utilizado por otros profesionales fue el clometiazol 52.1% (n =12), diazepam 4.3% (n=7) y Lorazepam 13.7% (n=4). Conclusiones: uso incorrecto de la vitaminoterapia con descuido importante de B1-intramuscular (riesgo de Sd. Wernicke), así como de la desintoxicación con preferencia por clometiazol con riesgos importantes derivados de su uso en pacientes hepatópatas.

Fibrinolytic activity of APSAC (anisoylated plasminogen-strep-tokinase activator complex) 30 U intravenous bolus (n = 10) was compared with intravenous (IV) streptokinase (SK). 1.500.000 IU (n = 14), SK 500.000 IU (n = 6), and intracoronary SK 250.000 IU (n = 20) given for acute myocardial infarction ≤; 4 hours) and following pretreatment with heparin (10.000 IU bolus).Plasminogen activator levels (fibrin plate) were highest for ASPAC group and correlated with the dosages of SK*. Levels also directly correlated to the duration of the activity (> 10 mm2), from 3 hours for SK 250.000 IU up to 18 hours for APSAC*.Plasmin activity (fibrin plate) raised acutely with all regimens and was maintained (> 5 mm2) during 3 hours (SK 250.000 IU), 12 hours (SK 500.000 IU), 16 hours (SK 1.500.000 IU) and 18 hours (APSAC). Reductions of plasminogen, α2 antiplasmin and fibrinogen (Clauss) were found accordingly most depressed after APSAC and significantly less after SK 250.000 IU (p < 0.05).The thrombolytic efficacy was judged on the patency rate assessed from post interventional (4 hours) angiogram in larger groups treated with intracoronary SK 250.000 IU : 28/35 (80 %), IV SK 500.000 IU : 29/41 (72 %), IV SK 1.500.000 : 18/25 (72 %), APSAC : 8/10 (80 %).To conclude, fibrinolytic activity of APSAC was best compared to the intensity and duration of IV SK 1.500.000 IU. Its thrombolytic efficacy appears to be in the range of the other regimens.* p < 0.01 rank test

We investigate seismic attenuation characteristics of the Charlevoix Seismic Zone. This zone is located ~100 km downstream from Quebec City and is the most seismically active region of eastern Canada. We used earthquake recordings from 8 seismograph stations of the Canadian National Seismic Network (CNSN) across the region. Our dataset is comprised of 584 earthquakes recorded between 1992 and 2022 with magnitudes ranging from 2.0 to 5.4, depths from 0 to 30 km and epicentral distances of 5 to 100 km. This gives a total of 1490 high signal-to-noise (S/N) traces (S/N?5.0) useful for QC calculation (with a maximum ellipse parameter, a2, of 100) across the region. Coda windows were selected to start at tc = 2tS (two times the travel time of the direct S wave), and were filtered at center frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 Hz. Our study reveals a consistent pattern. We find that the highest Q0 (Q at 1 Hz) values are at station A11 (e.g., Q0 of 109), that is the farthest station from the 1663, M~7 earthquake (D=40 km), excluding the new station of CACQ. The lowest Q0 values that we find are at the station A16 (e.g., Q0 of 72) that is the second closest station to the epicenter of the 1663 earthquake (D=16 km) after station A61 (D=10 km). Also, we find the lowest overall average Q0 values at station A16 (e.g., Q0 of 72). In general, Q0 is lower in the vicinity of large earthquakes (Jin &amp; Aki, 1988). Therefore, the low Q0 values at station A16 may suggest that the 1663 earthquake is located slightly southeast of the catalog epicenter, considering high uncertainty associated with historic events. An average for all the data results in a Q relationship of QC = 81f1.06 for the frequency band of 2 to 16 Hz for the entire region.

Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.

Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.

Application research of V containing high strength weathering steel in steel structure building was conducted. The research shows that: adding 0.04% V into weathering steel can lead to grain refinement of ferrite, thereby improving steel performance. Fine polygonal ferrite can make for obvious yield platform, and front cooling method can make V(C, N) precipitation in ferrite fine and dispersive to enhance dislocation pinning, which can further enhance yield effect. In this research V containing weathering steel can realize 500MPa of strength grade, 0.84 of yield ratio, 26.0% of elongation, 3.0% of yield point elongation, 225J of -20℃ impact value (three quarters size). The combination property can satisfy earthquake resistant behavior requirement of steel structure building, and realize replacement of low strength steel for steel structure building, thereby reducing material thickness and weight to realize purchase cost reduction. Cyclical soaking corrosion experiment was conducted, when atmosphere corrosion index of tested steel is around 6.0, the relative corrosion ratio comparing to Q355B is around 40%, which indicates good atmosphere corrosion resistance. In cyclical soaking corrosion experiment, v containing weathering steel for steel structure can realize 5.9g/(m2·h) of 72h average weight loss and 43.4% of relative corrosion ratio, the atmosphere corrosion resistance is good, exposed application of v containing weathering steel for steel structure in industrial atmosphere can obviously reduce rust protection and reduction cost of steel structure building