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Smith, Heather L., Martin F. Sherman, Julie Sriken, Bradley T. Erford, Adriana Kipper-Smith, and Frances Niarhos. "Testing for Measurement Invariance of the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms–34 Scores With a University Sample." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 46, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.46.2.05.
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This study expanded previous psychometric analyses to include gender and race using measurement invariance with the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS-34) on a large sample (n = 4,013) of students referred to a university counseling center. Internal consistency was demonstrated for all subscales with all αs and ωs ≥ .80. The seven-factor model provided a good to excellent fit for all participant subgroup responses. The total sample comparative fit index was .948, the root-mean-square error of approximation was .058 [.057, .059], and the standardized root-mean-square residual was .048. Full measurement invariance was documented across all gender and racial/ethnic identity comparisons (i.e., White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, multiracial, Latino/a/x, non-Latino/a/x). The study concluded that CCAPS-34 subscales scores can be used with confidence with college-aged students of diverse backgrounds for screening and outcome assessment purposes.
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Marshall, J. Wb, K. J. Duffin, A. R. Green, and R. M. Ridley. "NXY-059, the free radical trapping nitrone-based agent, reduces hemiparesis and reduces grey and white matter damage after focal cerebral ischemia in monkeys." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.327.
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60 There is little published evidence for protection of white matter with neuroprotective drugs in animal models of stroke, yet white matter protection may be important in achieving clinical efficacy. We have examined the effects of NXY-059, a nitrone-based free radical trapping agent, on long-term functional disability in a primate model of stroke. We also examined histopathological effects, including analyses of grey and white matter damage. Five minutes after unilateral permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, marmosets received a 1 ml i.v. infusion of saline (n=5) or NXY-059 (28 mg/kg) (n=6) and osmotic minipumps (model 2001D) were implanted s.c. to provide continuous drug or saline infusion for 48 h. Drug-filled pumps released NXY-059 at a rate of approximately 16 mg/kg/h. The plasma unbound drug concentration at 24 h was 76.3 ± 5.7 μM, a level well tolerated in acute stroke patients. The monkeys had been trained and tested on a variety of behavioral tasks before surgery. NXY-059-treated monkeys were significantly better at reaching with their contralesional arm than were saline-treated monkeys when re-tested 3 (p<0.01) and 10 weeks (p<0.01) after surgery. NXY-059-treatment also significantly reduced spatial neglect measured 3 weeks after surgery (p<0.01) compared with the saline group. After behavioral testing was complete, histopathological analysis showed NXY-059-treated monkeys had significantly smaller infarcts than saline-treated monkeys (F (1, 10)=5.21, p<0.05). NXY-059 reduced overall infarct size by 51%, damage to the cortex was reduced by 54%, white matter by 52%, caudate by 49%, and putamen by 33% compared with saline-treated monkeys. In conclusion, NXY-059 substantially lessened the functional disability in these monkeys. This drug protects not only cortical tissue, but also white matter and subcortical structures against ischemic damage. Together these findings bode well for advancing this drug to further clinical trials for its use in acute stroke.
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Hainsworth, Atticus H., Nasrin Bhuiyan, and A. Richard Green. "The Nitrone Disodium 2,4-Sulphophenyl-N-Tert-Butylnitrone is Without Cytoprotective Effect on Sodium Nitroprusside-Induced Cell Death in N1E-115 Neuroblastoma Cells in vitro." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 28, no. 1 (June 6, 2007): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600517.
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Disodium 2,4-sulphophenyl- N-tert-butylnitrone (NXY-059) is a novel free radical-trapping compound that is neuroprotective in both rodent and primate models of acute ischaemic stroke. Neuroprotection in vitro by NXY-059 has not been reported previously, and we have now investigated whether such an effect can be detected using a simple cell culture model of neurotoxicity. Neuron-like cells of the neuroblastoma-derived clonal cell line N1E-115 were exposed to the free radical-generating agent sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which produced a concentration-dependent reduction in mitochondrial complex II activity 24 h later (EC50 approximately 100 micromolar). Cell death induced by SNP (100 micromolar), assessed either by an increased proportion of apoptotic nuclear morphology or by mitochondrial complex II activity, was inhibited by a cocktail of known antioxidants (ascorbate, reduced glutathione, and dithiothreitol, all at 100 micromolar) but not by NXY-059 at a concentration known to be neuroprotective in vivo (300 micromolar). Disodium 2,4-sulphophenyl- N-tert-butylnitrone was also without effect on H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity. These results support recent data suggesting that in vivo NXY-059 probably acts at the neurovascular unit rather than at an intracellular site as a neuroprotective agent.
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Sydserff, S. G., A. R. Borrelli, and A. J. Cross. "The neuroprotective efficacy of NXY-059 in permanent MCAo in the rat: Dose response and therapeutic window." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.353-a.
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P78 Introduction. NXY-059 (disodium 4-[(tert-butylimino)methyl] benzene-1,3-disulfonate N-oxide) is a nitrone with free radical trapping properties and is being developed for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. NXY-059 possesses proven neuroprotective efficacy in rat transient models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) (J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999;19:778–87), however its efficacy in permanent models of focal cerebral ischemia has not been as extensively tested. In the present study we have examined the efficacy of NXY-059 at three doses and further examined the therapeutic window of the mid-range dose. Methods. Adult male Wistar rats (300–330g) were given a unilateral permanent MCAo using an intraluminal suture technique. To assess efficacy of three doses of NXY-059, vehicle or NXY-059 (30, 50 or 70 mg/kg/h) was infused using minipumps for 24 hours. Dosing began 5 minutes after the MCAo with a bolus injection of vehicle or NXY-059 (30, 50 or 70 mg/kg). To assess the therapeutic window, treatment with 50 mg/kg (loading dose) and 50 mg/kg/h (over 24 hours) NXY-059 was commenced at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after MCAo. For both assessments, brains were removed 24 hours after commencing treatment and volume of damage was calculated from 5 x 2mm sections stained with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Results. NXY-059 (30, 50 and 70 mg/kg/h) reduced the volume of damage by 23%, 57% and 81% respectively (p<0.05). Treatment with NXY-059 (50 mg/kg/h) beginning at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after permanent MCAo reduced the volumes of damage by 52%, 45%, 50%, 43% and 35% respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions. In rats given a permanent MCA occlusion, NXY-059 at doses of 30–70 mg/kg/h given for 24 hours significantly (p<0.05) reduced the volume of cerebral damage, and significant protection was seen when treatment was delayed for as long as 4 hours after permanent MCAo.
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Kuroda, Satoshi, Ryoichi Tsuchidate, Maj-Lis Smith, Kirk R. Maples, and Bo K. Siesjö. "Neuroprotective Effects of a Novel Nitrone, NXY-059, after Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 19, no. 7 (July 1999): 778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-199907000-00008.
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Recent results have demonstrated that the spin trapping agent α-phenyl- N- tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) reduces infarct volume in rats subjected to 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion, even when given 1 to 3 hours after the start of recirculation. In the current study, the authors assessed the effect of NXY-059, a novel nitrone that is more soluble than PBN. Loading doses were given of 0.30, 3.0, or 30 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.30, 3.0, or 30 mg · kg−1 · h−1 for 24 or 48 hours. Dose–response studies showed that when treatment was begun 1 hour after recirculation, 0.30 mg · kg−1 had a small and 30 mg · kg-i a marked effect on infarct volume. At equimolar doses (3.0 mg · kg−1 for NXY-059 and 1.4 mg · kg−1 for PBN), NXY-059 was more efficacious than PBN. Similar results were obtained when a recovery period of 7 days was allowed. The window of therapeutic opportunity for NXY-059 was 3 to 6 hours after the start of recirculation. Studies of the transfer constant of [14C]NXY-059 showed that, in contrast to PBN, this more soluble nitrone penetrates the blood-brain barrier less extensively. This fact, and the pronounced antiischemic effect of NXY-059, suggest that the delayed events leading to infarction may be influenced by reactions occurring at the blood–endothelial interface.
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Lara-Garrido, Adrián Salvador, Gloria Álvarez-Bernardo, and Ana Belén García-Berbén. "Validity and measurement invariance of the Modern Homonegativity Scale for students in the field of education." Anales de Psicología 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.544141.
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The research aimed at analysing attitudes towards homosexuality recommends the use of instruments that can detect subtle aspects of discrimination against gay men and lesbian women. It also asserts that the measurement invariance of constructs is essential for valid comparisons between groups. The present study aims to validate the Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS) in university students in the field of education (N = 1.283) with an age range of 17 to 49 years old (M = 2.88; SD = 3.02). In addition, we seek to examine the measurement invariance of the MHS in relation to certain sociodemographic and personal variables (e.g. gender identity), as well as ideological variables (e.g. political inclination). The results provided evidence of the scale's unidimensionality and a high degree of internal consistency (wMHS-G = .879; wMHS-L = .906), as well as satisfactory fit indices (CFIMHS-G = .95, CFIMHS-L = .97; RMSEAMHS-G = .064, 90% CI: .057- .071, RMSEAMHS-L = .059, 90% CI: .052-.066) and external validity values (MHS-G and AN-T: r = .753, CI 95% = .722- .785; MHS-L and AN-T: r = .76. CI 95% = .730- .790). They also indicated that both the subscales – towards gay men (MHS-G) and lesbian women (MHS-L) – are invariant constructs according to the variables studied. The findings point to the validity and measurement invariance of the proposed model for comparing levels of modern homonegativity between the groups studied. Aquellas investigaciones orientadas a analizar las actitudes hacia la homosexualidad sugieren el uso de instrumentos que detecten los aspectos sutiles en la discriminación hacia hombres gais y mujeres lesbianas. Asimismo, se señala que la invariancia de medida de los constructos es imprescindible para que las comparaciones entre grupos sean válidas. Este trabajo pretende validar la Escala de Homonegatividad Moderna (MHS) en estudiantes universitarios del ámbito de la educación (N = 1.283) con un rango de edad entre los 17 y los 49 años (M = 2.88; DT = 3,02). Del mismo modo, se interesa por examinar la invariancia de medida de la MHS en relación con ciertas variables sociodemográficas y personales (p. ej. identidad de género), así como ideológicas (p. ej. inclinación política). Los resultados aportaron evidencias sobre la unidimensionalidad de la escala y un alto grado de consistencia interna (wMHS-G = .879; wMHS-L = .906), además de unos índices de ajuste (CFIMHS-G = .95, CFIMHS-L = .97; RMSEAMHS-G = .064, 90% IC: .057-.071, RMSEAMHS-L = .059, 90% IC: .052-.066) y unos valores de validez externa (MHS-G y AN-T: r = .753, I.C. 95% = .722-.785; MHS-L y AN-T: r = .76. I.C. 95% = .730-.790) satisfactorios. Asimismo, sugirieron que tanto la subescala hacia hombres gais (MHS-G) como mujeres lesbianas (MHS-L) son constructos invariantes conforme a las variables estudiadas. Las conclusiones apuntan a la validez y la invariancia de medida del modelo propuesto para comparar los niveles de homonegatividad moderna entre los grupos estudiados.
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Martins, Maurilio Lopes, Uelinton Manoel Pinto, Katharina Riedel, and Maria Cristina Dantas Vanetti. "Quorum Sensing and Spoilage Potential of Psychrotrophic Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Milk." BioMed Research International 2018 (October 22, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2723157.
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The 16S rDNA of six psychrotrophic Enterobacteriaceae isolated from cold raw milk were sequenced and the isolate 039 was identified asPantoeasp., isolates 059, 068, and 071 were identified asHafnia alvei, 067 was identified asEnterobactersp., and 099 was identified asAeromonas hydrophila. They presented different spoilage potentials in milk withA. hydrophila099 being the most deteriorative. OnlyPantoeasp. 039 was not able to induce the quorum sensing monitor strains of acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). ThehalIgene, which encodes the AHL synthase inH. alvei, was identified in the isolates 059, 067, 068, and 071. After initial sequencing characterization and cloning, this gene showed its function by the heterologous synthesis of N-hexanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone and N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone inEscherichia coli. In addition to producing AHLs,A. hydrophila099 produced AI-2 in higher level than the assay’s positive controlVibrio harveyiBB120. Therefore, Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from cooled raw milk produce a rich array of signaling molecules that may influence bacterial traits in the milk environment.
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Luu, Britney, Mary Ellen Garcia, Katherine Bangen, Douglas Galasko, and Kelsey Thomas. "SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE CONCERNS AND 5-YEAR NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TRAJECTORIES IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 974–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3131.
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Abstract Subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) are often associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related cognitive declines in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. However, it is unknown whether the same is true for CU individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, this study examined relationships between SCC and 5-year neuropsychological trajectories in CU individuals with newly-diagnosed PD (mean age=60.45 years; 35.2% female) in the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort. Participants were classified as having SCC (n=52) or no SCC (n=204) based on participant or caregiver report for item 1 on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, part 1. First, baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were examined by SCC group. Next, linear mixed effects models, adjusting for age, education, sex/gender, APOE genotype, psychiatric factors, and motor symptoms examined 5-year trajectories of individual neuropsychological measures by SCC status. Relative to participants without SCC, those with SCC had worse levels of CSF tau (p=.011), p-tau (p=.016), and p-tau/amyloid ratio (p=.003), but not amyloid or alpha synuclein. SCC was associated with faster rates of decline in learning (β=-.059, p=.018), memory (β=-.050, p=.035), and processing speed (β=-.052, p=.031), but not in semantic fluency, visuoperceptual abilities, working memory, or on a global cognition screening measure. Overall, SCC was associated with learning/memory and processing speed declines, but not other measures that may be more PD-specific (e.g., working memory, visuoperceptual). Given the elevated AD biomarkers, SCC may be particularly related to early changes due to co-occurring AD and PD pathology. Future work should investigate longitudinal AD and PD-related biomarker trajectories by SCC status.
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Wainberg, Zev A., Charles S. Fuchs, Josep Tabernero, Kohei Shitara, Kei Muro, Eric Van Cutsem, Yung-Jue Bang, et al. "Efficacy of pembrolizumab (pembro) monotherapy versus chemotherapy for PD-L1–positive (CPS ≥10) advanced G/GEJ cancer in the phase II KEYNOTE-059 (cohort 1) and phase III KEYNOTE-061 and KEYNOTE-062 studies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.427.
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427 Background: Pts with advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer received pembro monotherapy (200 mg Q3W) 3L+ in cohort 1 of KEYNOTE-059 (NCT02335411), 2L in KEYNOTE-061 (NCT02370498), or 1L in KEYNOTE-062 (NCT02494583). We present efficacy data for patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥10 tumors in these trials. Methods: In study 059, 46 pts in cohort 1 with PD-L1 CPS ≥10 received pembro. In study 061, 108 pts with PD-L1 CPS ≥10 received pembro (n=53) or chemotherapy (chemo; n=55). In study 062, 182 pts with CPS ≥10 received pembro (n=92) or placebo + chemo (n=90). Efficacy end points included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and duration of response (DOR). Results: Median follow-up in study 059 was 5.6 mo. Median OS with pembro was 7.9 mo (95% CI, 5.8-11.1), and 12-mo OS was 32.6%. PFS at 6 mo was 17.4%, ORR was 17.4%, and median DOR was 20.9 mo (2.8+ to 34.9+). In study 061, after a median follow-up of 8.8 mo, pembro prolonged OS vs chemo (median 10.4 vs 8.0 mo; HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41-1.02); 12-mo OS was 45.3% for pembro and 23.6% for chemo. Median PFS was 2.7 mo for pembro and 3.4 mo for chemo (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.56-1.33). ORR was 24.5% vs 9.1%, and median DOR was NR (4.1-26.0+) and 6.9 mo (2.6-6.9) for pembro vs chemo. In study 062, median follow-up was 17.4 mo for pembro and 10.8 mo for chemo. Pembro prolonged OS vs chemo (median 17.4 vs 10.8 mo; HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.97); 12-mo OS was 56.5% vs 46.7%. Median PFS was 2.9 mo vs 6.1 mo (HR, 1.09, 95% CI, 0.79-1.49). ORR was 25.0% vs 37.8%, and median DOR was 19.3 mo (1.4+ to 33.6+) vs 6.8 mo (1.5+ to 30.4+) for pembro vs chemo, respectively. Conclusions: Collectively, these data indicate that 1L, 2L, and 3L+ pembro monotherapy showed clinically meaningful efficacy in CPS ≥10, with a more durable response than chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT02335411, NCT02370498, and NCT02494583. [Table: see text]
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Abu-Hilal, Maher, Said Al dafri, and Hashem Kilani. "Structure of Burnout among Omani Male and Female Teachers: Invariance of Structure across Gender." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 12, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol12iss4pp739-749.
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Previous studies have supported the conceptualization that burnout consists of three aspects: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. When the proposed structure of burnout was tested in several studies, these three aspects were confirmed. However, several researchers found that depersonalization consists of two factors rather than one. The first factor is related to the job, while the second factor is related to students. The original factor structure (3-factor model) and the revised structure were tested by few Arab researchers. Recently, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been introduced to the Omani educational setting. This study aimed to test the two structures of MBI with a representative sample of Omani teachers (N=2446). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the 4-factor model was superior and more parsimonious (CFI = .919, RMSEA = .051) than the 3-factor model (CFI = .887, RMSEA = .059). Three of the four factors had a high reliability coefficient (emotional exhaustion, a = .87, personal accomplishment, a = .76, depersonalization-job, a = .79) while depersonalization of students had low reliability (a = .47). The latter seems to be culture specific.
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Abu-Hilal, Maher, Said Al dafri, and Hashem Kilani. "Structure of Burnout among Omani Male and Female Teachers: Invariance of Structure across Gender." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 12, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol12iss4pp739-749.
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Previous studies have supported the conceptualization that burnout consists of three aspects: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. When the proposed structure of burnout was tested in several studies, these three aspects were confirmed. However, several researchers found that depersonalization consists of two factors rather than one. The first factor is related to the job, while the second factor is related to students. The original factor structure (3-factor model) and the revised structure were tested by few Arab researchers. Recently, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) has been introduced to the Omani educational setting. This study aimed to test the two structures of MBI with a representative sample of Omani teachers (N=2446). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the 4-factor model was superior and more parsimonious (CFI = .919, RMSEA = .051) than the 3-factor model (CFI = .887, RMSEA = .059). Three of the four factors had a high reliability coefficient (emotional exhaustion, a = .87, personal accomplishment, a = .76, depersonalization-job, a = .79) while depersonalization of students had low reliability (a = .47). The latter seems to be culture specific.
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Penner, Jacob, Raul Rupsingh, Matthew Smith, Jennie Wells, Michael Borrie, and Robert Bartha. "P2-059: Increased glutamate/N-acetylaspartate in the hippocampus after galantamine treatment in Alzheimer's disease." Alzheimer's & Dementia 4 (July 2008): T384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.1132.
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Sawinski, Hannah, and Richard Dronskowski. "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a “High-temperature” Phase of Li[H2NC(O)NH], the Missing Alkali-Metal Ureate." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 69, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2014-4035.
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The new salt-like lithium ureate, LiCN2H3O, 1, was synthesized to round up the series of the recently published alkali-metal ureates. Single crystals of 1 were prepared similarly to the previously made ureates of Na-Cs in liquid ammonia. LiCN2H3O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 7:5770(9), b = 9:059(1), c = 13:046(2) Å, b = 98:896(2)°, V = 884:8(2)Å3, and Z = 12. The Li+ ions are coordinated by four ureate anions in a distorted tetrahedral manner. As expected, the deprotonation of the urea molecules is reflected by the shape of the anions with two different C-N bond lengths.
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Kunter, Erdogan, Orhan Turken, Gokhan Kandemir, and Turgut Isitmangil. "Evaluation of Lung Cancer Patients With Skeletal Muscle Metastasis." Clinical Lung Cancer 10, no. 5 (September 2009): E10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/clc.2009.n.059.
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Chin, Kevin M., and Francine M. Foss. "Biologic Correlates of Response and Survival in Patients with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Denileukin Diftitox." Clinical Lymphoma and Myeloma 7, no. 3 (November 2006): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/clm.2006.n.059.
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Dimopoulos, Meletios A., Maria Roussou, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Flora Zagouri, Magdalini Migkou, Charis Matsouka, Despina Barbarousi, et al. "Reversibility of Renal Impairment in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Treated With Bortezomib-Based Regimens: Identification of Predictive Factors." Clinical Lymphoma and Myeloma 9, no. 4 (August 2009): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/clm.2009.n.059.
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Parikh, Sameer A., Hagop Kantarjian, Aaron Schimmer, William Walsh, Ekatherine Asatiani, Khaled El-Shami, Elliott Winton, and Srdan Verstovsek. "Phase II Study of Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070), a Small-Molecule BCL-2 Family Antagonist, for Patients With Myelofibrosis." Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia 10, no. 4 (August 2010): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/clml.2010.n.059.
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Samiian, Laila, Bruce Daniel, and Irene Wapnir. "Resolution of Hypoalbuminemia After Excision of Malignant Phyllodes Tumor." Clinical Breast Cancer 7, no. 5 (December 2006): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/cbc.2006.n.059.
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Cianfrocca, Mary. "Overcoming Recurrence Risk: Extended Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy." Clinical Breast Cancer 8, no. 6 (December 2008): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/cbc.2008.n.059.
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Jensen, Anders Bonde, Christopher Wynne, Guillermo Ramirez, Weili He, Yang Song, Yuliya Berd, Hongwei Wang, Anish Mehta, and Antonio Lombardi. "The Cathepsin K Inhibitor Odanacatib Suppresses Bone Resorption in Women With Breast Cancer and Established Bone Metastases: Results of a 4-Week, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial." Clinical Breast Cancer 10, no. 6 (December 2010): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/cbc.2010.n.059.
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Fiore, E., T. Rago, M. A. Provenzale, M. Scutari, C. Ugolini, F. Basolo, G. Di Coscio, et al. "L-thyroxine-treated patients with nodular goiter have lower serum TSH and lower frequency of papillary thyroid cancer: results of a cross-sectional study on 27 914 patients." Endocrine-Related Cancer 17, no. 1 (March 2010): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc-09-0251.
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The risk of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is related to serum TSH, and the development of thyroid autonomy by reducing TSH levels decreases the frequency of PTC in patients with nodular goiter. Our aim was to investigate the effect of l-thyroxine (l-T4) on the frequency of PTC diagnosed by cytology in a large series of patients with nodular goiter untreated (n=20 055) or treated with l-T4 (n=7859). l-T4-treated patients with respect to untreated patients presented significantly lower serum TSH (median, interquartile range: 0.30 μU/ml, 0.08–0.62 μU/ml versus 0.70 μU/ml, 0.38–1.14 μU/ml; P<0.0001) and prevalence of PTC (3.2 vs 5.1%; P<0.0001). The frequency of PTC was closely related to serum TSH, with it being lowest in patients with TSH below the normal range (<0.4 μU/ml; 189/10 059, 1.9%) and highest in patients with TSH above the normal range (>3.4 μU/ml; 21/127, 16.5%), also showing a progressive increase from the lower to the upper quartile of normal range. A significantly higher proportion of l-T4-treated patients (6650/7859, 84.6%) had serum TSH below the median (0.90 μU/ml) with respect to untreated patients (12 599/20 055, 62.8%; χ2 P value <0.0001), with it being included in the range of TSH associated with a lower frequency of PTC. The relationship between serum TSH and frequency of PTC was unrelated to the type of nodularity (solitary versus multinodular) and was not age dependent. In conclusion, patients with nodular goiter, treatment with l-T4 is responsible for the reduction of serum TSH and is associated with a decreased frequency of PTC.
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Fuchs, Charles S., Atsushi Ohtsu, Josep Tabernero, Eric Van Cutsem, Jiang Dian Wang, Baohoang Lam, Minori Koshiji, and Yung-Jue Bang. "Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin for first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer: Preliminary safety data from KEYNOTE-059." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.161.
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161 Background: Standard first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer includes combination chemotherapy with a platinum agent and a fluoropyrimidine. The anti–PD-1 humanized monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab (pembro) has shown promising antitumor activity as monotherapy in patients (pts) with advanced gastric cancer. We report preliminary safety data for pts with advanced gastric cancer treated with pembro + cisplatin and 5-FU in the multicohort, phase 2 KEYNOTE-059 study (NCT02335411). Methods: Eligible pts were aged ≥ 18 y and had HER2– relapsed or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, ECOG PS 0-1, and no prior therapy for metastatic disease. Pts received pembro 200 mg + 5-FU 800 mg/m2 (or capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 in Japan) + cisplatin 80 mg/m2 Q3W for 6 cycles followed by pembro + 5-FU for up to 2 y or until confirmed progression, intolerable toxicity, or investigator decision. Primary end point was safety and tolerability of the combination. Results: Of the 17 pts enrolled (10 from Asia, 7 from outside Asia), 70.6% were men, and median age was 58.0 y. Three pts (17.6%) had a prior gastrectomy—2 total, 1 partial. As of the Aug 12, 2015, data cutoff date, median follow-up duration was 3.6 mo (range 2.6-5.4), and pts received a median of 5 treatment cycles (range 3-7). Only 1 pt (5.9%) discontinued treatment (due to progressive disease). There were no treatment-related deaths or discontinuations. Twelve pts (70.6%) experienced treatment-related adverse events (AEs) of any grade, most commonly neutropenia/decreased neutrophils (n = 7, 41.2%), stomatitis (n = 6, 35.3%), and decreased appetite (n = 5, 29.4%). Eight pts (47.1%) experienced ≥ 1 grade 3-4 treatment-related AE; only neutropenia/decreased neutrophils (n = 4 [23.5%] grade 3, n = 3 [17.6%] grade 4) occurred in > 1 pt. AEs of interest based on immune etiology, regardless of attribution by investigator, were grade 2 infusion-related reaction and grade 2 pruritus (n = 1 [5.9%] each). Conclusions: Preliminary data from KEYNOTE-059 suggest the combination of pembro, cisplatin, and 5-FU has a manageable safety profile as first-line therapy in pts with advanced gastric cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT02335411.
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Vojtěchovský, Jaroslav, Jindřich Hašek, Jiří Ječný, and Karel Huml. "The structure of 1,2,4,4,6-pentaphenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 8 (1990): 2059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19902059.
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Title compound is triclinic, Mr = 461.60; P1, a = 9.158(1), b = 16.062(3), c = 19.472(3) Å, α = 110.69(1)°, β = 89.70(1)°, γ = 103.17(1)°, V = 2 600(1) Å3, Z = 4, Do = 1.15(3), Dc = 1.179(1) Mg m-3, λ(CuKα) = 1.5418 Å, μ = 0.509 mm-1, F(000) = 976 K, R = 0.040 for 8 059 unique observed reflections. Both symmetrically independent molecules show a different geometry of the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring: either the boat conformation with apexes C(sp3), N and boat angles 14.7(3)° and 10.3(2)° respectively, or the planar conformation. The conformation has been compared with similar dihydropyridines obtained from Cambridge Structural Database.
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Gromko, Joyce Eastlund, and Allison Smith Poorman. "The Effect of Music Training on Preschoolers' Spatial-Temporal Task Performance." Journal of Research in Music Education 46, no. 2 (July 1998): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345621.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of music training on preschoolers' Performance IQ (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Intelligence Scale-Revised, 1989). Preschoolers in the treatment group (N = 15) met weekly from October 1996 through April 1997. A Mann-Whitney test on Performance IQ (scaled) gain scores by group yielded U = 67, p =.059; a Mann-Whitney test on Performance IQ (raw) gain scores by group yielded U = 65, p =.049. Regressions of IQ gain scores on age showed significantly less gain for older children in the control group (N = 15). A regression analysis showed that the relationship of Performance IQ to age was not significant for the treatment group. Slopes intersected at age 3. For 3-year-olds in this study, an intellectually stimulating environment, per se, results in a gain in the ability to perform spatial-temporal tasks.
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Haupt, Matteo, Stefan T. Gerner, Mathias Bähr, and Thorsten R. Doeppner. "Quest for Quality in Translational Stroke Research—A New Dawn for Neuroprotection?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 5381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105381.
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Despite tremendous progress in modern-day stroke therapy, ischemic stroke remains a disease associated with a high socioeconomic burden in industrialized countries. In light of demographic change, these health care costs are expected to increase even further. The current causal therapeutic treatment paradigms focus on successful thrombolysis or thrombectomy, but only a fraction of patients qualify for these recanalization therapies because of therapeutic time window restrictions or contraindications. Hence, adjuvant therapeutic concepts such as neuroprotection are urgently needed. A bench-to-bedside transfer of neuroprotective approaches under stroke conditions, however, has not been established after more than twenty years of research, albeit a great many data have demonstrated several neuroprotective drugs to be effective in preclinical stroke settings. Prominent examples of substances supported by extensive preclinical evidence but which failed clinical trials are tirilazad and disodium 2,4-sulphophenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (NXY-059). The NXY-059 trial, for instance, was retrospectively shown to have a seriously weak study design, a trial of insufficient quality and a poor statistical analysis, although it initially met the recommendations of the STAIR committee. In light of currently ongoing novel neuroprotective stroke trials, such as ESCAPE-NA, and to avoid the mistakes made in the past, an improvement in study quality in the field of stroke neuroprotection is urgently needed. In the present review, animal models closely reflecting the “typical” stroke patient, occlusion techniques and the appropriate choice of time windows are discussed. In this context, the STAIR recommendations could provide a useful orientation. Taking all of this into account, a new dawn for neuroprotection might be possible.
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Avril, M. F., S. Aamdal, J. J. Grob, A. Hauschild, P. Mohr, J. J. Bonerandi, M. Weichenthal, et al. "Fotemustine Compared With Dacarbazine in Patients With Disseminated Malignant Melanoma: A Phase III Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 6 (March 15, 2004): 1118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.04.165.
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Purpose To compare fotemustine and dacarbazine (DTIC) in terms of overall response rate (ORR) as primary end-point and overall survival, duration of responses, time to progression, time to occurrence of brain metastases (BM), and to assess safety and quality of life in patients with disseminated cutaneous melanoma. Patients and Methods Patients received either intravenous fotemustine 100 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks or DTIC 250 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks (two cycles). Nonprogressive patients received a maintenance treatment every 4 weeks (fotemustine 100 mg/m2 or DTIC 250 mg/m2 for 5 days). Results Two hundred twenty-nine patients were randomly assigned to fotemustine or DTIC arms. The best ORR was higher in the fotemustine arm than in the DTIC arm in the intent-to-treat population (n = 229; 15.2% v 6.8%; P = .043) and in full analysis set (n = 221) (15.5% v 7.2%; P = .053). Similar median durations of responses (5.8 months with fotemustine v 6.9 months with DTIC) and time to progression (1.8 v 1.9 months, respectively) were observed. In patients without BM at inclusion, the median time to BM was 22.7 months with fotemustine versus 7.2 months with DTIC (P = .059). Median survival was 7.3 months with fotemustine versus 5.6 months with DTIC (P = .067). The main toxicity was grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (51% with fotemustine v 5% with DTIC) and thrombocytopenia (43% v 6%, respectively). No significant difference was noted for quality of life between arms. Conclusion ORR was higher in the fotemustine arm compared to the DTIC arm in first-line treatment of disseminated melanoma. A trend in favor of fotemustine in terms of overall survival and time to BM was evidenced.
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Chatzisarantis, Nikos L. D., and Martin S. Hagger. "Effects of a Brief Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on Leisure-Time Physical Activity Participation." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 27, no. 4 (December 2005): 470–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.27.4.470.
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Two persuasive communications were developed to assess the utility of an intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior in promoting physical activity attitudes, intentions, and behavior. One persuasive communication targeted modal salient behavioral beliefs (salient belief condition) while the other persuasive communication targeted nonsalient behavioral beliefs (nonsalient belief condition). Results of an intervention study conducted on young people (N = 83, mean age 14.60 yrs, SD = .47) indicated that participants who were presented with the persuasive message targeting modal salient behavioral beliefs reported more positive attitudes (p < .05) and stronger intentions (p = .059) than those presented with the message targeting nonsalient behavioral beliefs. However, neither communication influenced physical activity participation (p > .05). Path analysis also indicated that the effects of the persuasive communication on intentions were mediated by attitudes and not by perceived behavioral control or subjective norms.
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Naranjo, Eduardo Jorge, and Eduardo Espinoza Medinilla. "Los mamíferos de la reserva ecológica Huitepec, Chiapas, México." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2001.5.1.97.
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Resumen: En este trabajo presentamos un listado de mamíferos silvestres de la Reserva Ecológica Huitepec (136 ha), ubicada en el municipio de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, en los altos de Chiapas, México. Entre 1991 y 1998 encontramos 40 especies de mamíferos pertenecientes a 15 familias y 7 órdenes. Los órdenes con mayor número de especies fueron Rodentia (n=17 especies) y Chiroptera (n=11 especies). Dos de las especies presentes en el área de estudio ( Sorex stizodon y Preomyscus zarhynchus) son endémicas de México y Guatemala, éstas dos, más otras cinco especies se encuentran en algún estatus de riesgo, por lo que se incluyen en la NOM-ECOL-059-2000. Considerando la pequeña superficie que ocupa la Reserva Huitepec y el número relativamente alto de especies de mamíferos con presencia verificada en la misma, se infiere que esta área protegida constituye una muestra importante de la diversidad mastofaunística de la meseta central de Chiapas. Sin embargo, el acelerado incremento de la población humana local, la expansión territorial de la ciudad de San Cristóbal, y las condiciones de marginación y pobreza de la población rural de la región constituyen serios factores de riesgo para la permanencia de la REH y su biodiversidad en el futuro inmediato.Palabras clave: Bosque mesófilo, Chiapas, mamíferos, Reserva Huitepec, San Cristóbal de Las Casas.Abstract: We present a checklist of the mammals found in Huitepec Ecological Reserve, located in the municipality of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México. Between 1991 and 1998 we found 40 mammal species of 15 families and 7 orders. The most specious mammalian orders in the study area were Rodentia (n=17 species), and Chiroptera (n=11 species). Two of the species ( Sorex stizodon y Preomyscus zarhynchus) present in the Huitepec Reserve are endemic of México and Guatemala. These and other five species are enlisted in the Mexican Norm of Endangered Wildlife (NOM-ECOL-059-2000). Considering the small size of the Huitepec Reserve as well as its relatively high number of mammal species, it is possible to infer that this protected area constitutes an important sample of the mammalian diversity in the Chiapas highlands. However, the high growth rate of the local human population, the expansion of the city of San Cristóbal, and the conditions of poverty and abandonment suffered by the rural population in the region constitute serious threats to the persistence of the Huitepec Reserve and its biodiversity in the near future.Key words: Chiapas, cloud forest, Huitepec Reserve, mammals, Mexico, San Cristobal de Las Casas.
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Kampen, Gita T., Susan Stafford, Tetsuya Adachi, Tan Jinquan, Sha Quan, J. Andrew Grant, Per S. Skov, Lars K. Poulsen, and Rafeul Alam. "Eotaxin induces degranulation and chemotaxis of eosinophils through the activation of ERK2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases." Blood 95, no. 6 (March 15, 2000): 1911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.6.1911.
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Abstract Eotaxin and other CC chemokines acting via CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) are believed to play an integral role in the development of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma and allergic inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the intracellular events following agonist binding to CCR3 and the relationship of these events to the functional response of the cell. The objectives of this study were to investigate CCR3-mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 (ERK2), p38, and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in eosinophils and to assess the requirement for MAP kinases in eotaxin-induced eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) release and chemotaxis. MAP kinase activation was studied in eotaxin-stimulated eosinophils (more than 97% purity) by Western blotting and immune-complex kinase assays. ECP release was measured by radioimmunoassay. Chemotaxis was assessed using Boyden microchambers. Eotaxin (10−11 to 10−7 mol/L) induced concentration-dependent phosphorylation of ERK2 and p38. Phosphorylation was detectable after 30 seconds, peaked at about 1 minute, and returned to baseline after 2 to 5 minutes. Phosphorylation of JNK above baseline could not be detected. The kinase activity of ERK2 and p38 paralleled phosphorylation. PD980 59, an inhibitor of the ERK2-activating enzyme MEK (MAP ERK kinase), blocked phosphorylation of ERK2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The functional relevance of ERK2 and p38 was studied using PD98 059 and the p38 inhibitor SB202 190. PD98 059 and SB202 190 both caused inhibition of eotaxin-induced ECP release and chemotaxis. We conclude that eotaxin induces a rapid concentration-dependent activation of ERK2 and p38 in eosinophils and that the activation of these MAP kinases is required for eotaxin-stimulated degranulation and directed locomotion.
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Nyman, Samuel R., and Lucy Yardley. "Web-Site-Based Tailored Advice to Promote Strength and Balance Training: An Experimental Evaluation." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 17, no. 2 (April 2009): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.17.2.210.
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This study evaluated a Web site providing tailored advice to encourage older people to undertake strength and balance training (SBT). Adults age 60–88 (N = 302) were randomized to read either generic advice or advice tailored to their self-perceived balance problems and activity preferences. Between-groups differences in attitudes toward SBT after reading the advice did not quite reach significance (p = .059), but the tailored group reported higher ratings than the generic group that the advice was personally relevant (p = .017) and that the activities would be good for them (p = .047). Within-groups differences in the tailored group showed that completing an action plan increased confidence in undertaking SBT (p = .006). These findings were supported by a meta-analysis that pooled the effect sizes with those of a previous study. Thus, a tailored Web site might be a cost-effective way of encouraging some older people to undertake SBT.
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Wilkerson, J. Michael, Jayson Michael Rhoton, Dennis Li, Shruta Amit Rawat, Pallav Patankar, B. R. Simon Rosser, and Maria Ekstrand. "Information, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women in the State of Maharashtra, India." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 2 (September 11, 2018): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118796880.
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Background. India’s National AIDS Control Programme calls for, among other things, targeted behavioral interventions that address determinants contributing to new infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) and hijras (transgender women). Aim. To determine if the information–motivation–behavioral skills model was transferable to an Indian context. Methods. We recruited 442 MSM and 7 hijras into an online cross-sectional study that asked questions about condom use knowledge, motivation, self-efficacy, and sexual behavior. Structural equation modeling was used to test the overall information–motivation–behavioral skills structure. Results. Condom use and HIV risk knowledge did not significantly predict condom use self-efficacy or having condomless anal sex with more than one male partner in the past 3 months, and knowledge was not significantly correlated with attitudes toward barebacking. Despite this, the final structural model explained 14.4% of the variance in condom use self-efficacy and 20.0% of the variance in risky sexual behavior. Overall fit of the model was good: χ2(201, N = 447) = 445.002, p < .0001, root mean square error of approximation = .052, 90% CI [.046, .059], comparative fit index = .989, Tucker–Lewis Index = .987. Conclusion. The public health response to India’s HIV epidemic is currently different than in the West due to differences in medication access and public health infrastructure. As Indian MSM and hijras learn more about the effectiveness of viral suppression and hopefully have greater access to preexposure prophylaxis, researchers should monitor for changing attitudes toward condoms and be prepared to collaborate with the public health infrastructure in order to develop interventions that reinforce positive attitudes toward condom use.
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Lerner, Bart S., and Edwin A. Locke. "The Effects of Goal Setting, Self-Efficacy, Competition, and Personal Traits on the Performance of an Endurance Task." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 17, no. 2 (June 1995): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.2.138.
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This study investigated the effects of goal setting, self-efficacy, competition, and personality on the performance of a sit-up task. Prior to testing, participants were administered the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ; Gill & Deeter, 1988). Using a 2 × 2 + 1 design, 60 participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (a) competition, medium goal; (b) competition, high goal; (c) no competition, medium goal; and (d) no competition, high goal. A fifth group from the same population (n = 15) was added and served as the do-best comparison group. The main effect of goal level was borderline significant (p < .059), and this effect was fully mediated by personal goal level and self-efficacy. Also, both the medium and hard goal groups significantly outperformed the do-best group. Competition did not affect performance, personal goals, commitment, or self-efficacy. The SOQ was significantly related to performance, but its effects were fully mediated by personal goals and self-efficacy.
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Mezcua-Hidalgo, Alberto, Alberto Ruiz-Ariza, Sara Suárez-Manzano, and Emilio J. Martínez-López. "48-Hour Effects of Monitored Cooperative High-Intensity Interval Training on Adolescent Cognitive Functioning." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 202–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518825197.
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Physical activity has been positively related to better cognitive performance though the effects of varied exercise type and intensity and the duration of cognitive benefits are unclear. This study analyzed the effect of 16 minutes of monitored cooperative high-intensity interval training (monitored C-HIIT) at the start of the school day, on various cognitive variables over the next 24–48 hours. We randomly assigned 158 participants either to a control group ( n = 81) that engaged only in static stretching or to an experimental group ( n = 77) that performed monitored C-HIIT. We assessed cognitive functioning before the exercise, immediately afterward, and for five follow-up time points over the next two days (i.e., at 2, 3, 4, 24, and 48 hours). We analyzed age, sex, body mass index, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as potential confounder variables. Adolescents in the monitored C-HIIT group increased selective attention by 17.39% during the next hour ( p = .015) and increased concentration by 20.31% and 15.26% during the first ( p = .022) and second ( p = .059) subsequent hours, respectively. This positive short-term benefit of monitored C-HIIT during immediate subsequent hours is an important finding with implications for the school curricula and schedule.
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SOUSA, JÔNATAS RAULINO MARQUES DE, HANS RAJ GHEYI, MARCOS ERIC BARBOSA BRITO, DIEGO AZEVEDO XAVIER, and GUILHERME DE FREITAS FURTADO. "IMPACT OF SALINE CONDITIONS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON CITRUS PRODUCTION AND GAS EXCHANGES." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 2 (June 2016): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n218rc.
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ABSTRACT: In two simultaneous experiments, we evaluated the impact of brackish irrigation water and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the production of citrus (scion-rootstock combinations) and its associated gas exchanges. These experiments were conducted at the Campus of Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil in a protected environment (shade screens on the sides) using drainage lysimeters. Experiment I used a randomized block design (3 replicates), in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement, corresponding to five water salinity levels (0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, and 3.0 dS m-1) and three scion-rootstock combinations: RS1- Common Sunki mandarin (TSKC) × Poncirus trifoliata English (TRENG) - 256; RS2- Common Rangpur lime (LCRSTC); and RS3- TSKC × (Rangpur lime (LCR) × P. trifoliata (TR)) - 059; with Mimo do Céu orange as the scion variety. Experiment II used a randomized block design (3 replicates), in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to the three scion/rootstock combinations and two nitrogen (N) doses (100 and 200 mg kg-1 of soil). Plants were irrigated with water of 3.0 dS m-1. For both experiments, gas exchanges and mean mass of fruits were evaluated at harvest. Gas exchanges were inhibited in plants under saline stress. Plants grafted with Common Rangpur lime showed greater production potential than did the other genotypes studied, even under brackish water conditions.
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Rodríguez-Ruiz, Rodolfo, Rocío Ramírez Barrios, Beatriz Pereyra Cortés, Javier Bailón Miranda, Carlos Sánchez Castro, and Octavio Monroy-Vilchis. "A visit to the Mountain of Guerrero; first records of medium and large mammals in Atlixtac, Guerrero, México." Therya notes 4, no. 3 (September 14, 2023): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya_notes-23-123.
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El estado de Guerrero es un área importante por su alta diversidad de mamíferos. Sin embargo, pocos estudios documentan esta diversidad de mamíferos en el estado. Debido a lo anterior, en este estudio se analizó la diversidad de mamíferos terrestres la región de Montaña de Atlixtac, Guerrero. Durante septiembre 2021 a marzo 2022 se visitó la comunidad de Atlixtac, Guerrero, se colocaron cámaras-trampa y se realizaron recorridos. La información obtenida se organizó y se analizó la abundancia y la diversidad. Se registraron 15 especies distribuidas en 10 familias; de éstas, 2 especies se encuentran bajo protección en la NOM 059 SEMARNAT; Leopardus wiedii mediante foto trampeo (n = 3) y Herpailurus yagouaroundi (n = 1) mediante reporte de caza. La zona de estudio es importante para los mamíferos del estado de Guerrero, se amplía la distribución y el conocimiento de especies como L. wiedii, H. yagouaroundi y S. angustifrons. Es importante incrementar el monitoreo en la región de montaña de Guerrero, los resultados obtenidos indican una alta probabilidad de aumentar el número de especies en el estado. El área de estudio es importante ecológicamente porque se encuentra dentro de la Sierra Madre del Sur, conecta con la Cuenca del Balsas y sirve de corredor biológico para varias especies de mamíferos.
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Barão-Nóbrega, José António L., Pedro E. Nahuat-Cervera, Ignazio Avella, Griffin Capehart, Beau Garcia, Joseph Oakley, Alexandros Theodorou, and Kathy Y. Slater. "Herpetological diversity in Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico: species list with new distribution notes." Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 93 (November 4, 2022): e933927. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.3927.
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The herpetofauna occurring in the Selva Maya is one of the richest assemblages in the Americas. We herein provide an updated list of herpetofauna species for the Calakmul region, located in the southern Yucatán Peninsula, Campeche, Mexico. This species list was compiled considering the results of herpetological surveys conducted between 2015-2019 in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, information gathered from previous literature, and sighting records from the website iNaturalist. All this information combined resulted in the identification of 109 species, 23 amphibians and 86 reptiles, belonging to 34 families. Furthermore, we hereby present new distribution records for 7 snakes, 2 lizards and 2 frogs not previously observed in the study region. Approximately 38% (n = 41) of the herpetofauna species are listed under a threat category by the environmental Mexican legislation (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010). The list presented in this study increases to 109 the number of species known to occur in the Calakmul region, and to 135 in Campeche, which therefore becomes the Mexican state of the Yucatán Peninsula with the highest herpetofauna diversity, followed by Quintana Roo with 133 species.
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Chao, Joseph, Charles S. Fuchs, Kohei Shitara, Josep Tabernero, Kei Muro, Eric Van Cutsem, Yung-Jue Bang, et al. "Pembrolizumab (pembro) in microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer by line of therapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.430.
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430 Background: Pembro has demonstrated promising antitumor activity in patients (pts) with advanced G/GEJ cancer with PD-L1 CPS ≥1 and CPS ≥10 irrespective of MSI-H status. Here, we examine the antitumor activity of pembro monotherapy vs chemo in pts with MSI-H, advanced G/GEJ cancer in KEYNOTE (KN)-059 (NCT02335411), KN061 (NCT02370498), and KN062 (NCT02494583). Methods: Eligible pts with advanced G/GEJ cancer with ≥2 prior therapies (KN059 cohort 1; 3L+), 1 prior therapy (KN061; 2L), or no prior therapy (KN062; 1L) were enrolled. In KN059 cohort 1, pts received pembro only. In KN061 pts were randomized to pembro or paclitaxel (chemo), and in KN062 to pembro, pembro + cisplatin+5-FU/cape (chemo), or chemo. Pts received pembro 200 mg Q3W for up to 2 y. MSI-H status was determined centrally by PCR. Endpoints included OS, PFS, ORR, and safety. Data cutoff dates were Aug 8, 2018 (KN059), Oct 26, 2017 (KN061), and Mar 26, 2019 (KN062). Results: At data cutoff, 259 pts (n = 7 [3%] MSI-H) had enrolled in KN059 cohort 1 (3L+), 592 (27 [5%] MSI-H]) in KN061 (2L), and 763 (50 [7%] MSI-H] in KN062 (1L). Median follow-up was 5.6 mo, 7.9 mo, and 11.3 mo, respectively. For the overall study populations, median OS was 5.5 mo for pembro (3L+), 6.7 mo vs 8.3 mo for pembro vs chemo (2L), and 10.6 mo vs 11.0 mo for pembro vs chemo (1L). Median PFS was 2.0 mo (3L+), 1.5 vs 4.1 mo (2L), and 2.0 vs 6.4 mo (1L). ORR was 11.6% (3L+), 11.1% vs 12.5% (2L), and 14.8% vs 37.2% (1L), with median DOR of 16.1 mo, 18.0 vs 5.5 mo, and 13.7 vs 6.8 mo. In pts with MSI-H tumors, OS and PFS were prolonged with pembro vs chemo, with higher ORR (Table). Conclusions: As with PD-L1 expressers, MSI-H status is a predictive biomarker for pembro monotherapy in advanced G/GEJ cancer irrespective of line of therapy. Clinical trial information: (KN)-059 (NCT02335411), KN061 (NCT02370498), and KN062 (NCT02494583). Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.[Table: see text]
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Fogarasi, Erzsébet, Mircea Dumitru Croitoru, Ibolya Fülöp, and Daniela-Lucia Muntean. "Is the Oxidative Stress Really a Disease?" Acta Medica Marisiensis 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2015-0070.
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AbstractOxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals or other reactive species and the antioxidant activity of the organism. Oxidative stress can induce several illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer and Parkinson. The biomarkers of oxidative stress are used to test oxidative injury of biomolecules. The indicators of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy- 2-nonenal, 2-propenal, isoprostanes), of protein oxidation (carbonylated proteins, tyrosine derivatives), of oxidative damage of DNA, and other biomarkers (glutathione level, metallothioneins, myeloperoxidase activity) are the most used oxidative stress markers. Diseases caused by oxidative stress can be prevented with antioxidants. In human body are several enzymes with antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) and spin traps. Antioxidants are synthetized in the organism (glutathione) or arrive in the body by nutrition (ascorbic acid, vitamin E, carotenoids, flavonoids, resveratrol, xanthones). Different therapeutic strategies to reduce oxidative stress with the use of synthetic molecules such as nitrone-based antioxidants (phenyl-α-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN), 2,4-disulphophenyl- N-tert-butylnitrone (NXY-059), stilbazulenyl nitrone (STAZN), which scavenge a wide variety of free radical species, increase endogenous antioxidant levels and inhibits free radical generation are also tested in animal models.
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Tan, Rayner Kay Jin, Wee Ling Koh, Daniel Le, Avin Tan, Adrian Tyler, Calvin Tan, Sumita Banerjee, et al. "Effect of a web drama video series on HIV and other sexually transmitted infection testing among gay, bisexual and queer men: study protocol for a community-based, pragmatic randomised controlled trial in Singapore: the People Like Us (PLU) Evaluation Study." BMJ Open 10, no. 4 (April 2020): e033855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033855.
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IntroductionGay, bisexual and queer (GBQ) men are at disproportionately higher risk of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). While HIV/STI testing rates among GBQ men are increasing worldwide, they remain suboptimal in a variety of settings.Methods and analysisThe study is a pragmatic randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate an online video series developed by a community-based organisation in Singapore for GBQ men. A total of 300 HIV-negative GBQ men in Singapore aged 18–29 years old will be recruited for this study. Participants will subsequently be randomised into the intervention arm (n=150) and the control arm (n=150). The intervention arm (n=150) will be assigned the intervention along with sexual health information via a pamphlet, while the control group (n=150) will be assigned only the sexual health information via a pamphlet. Participants should also not have watched the video prior to their participation in this study, which will be ascertained through a questionnaire. Primary outcomes for this evaluation are changes in self-reported intention to test for, actual testing for and regularity of testing for HIV, syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhoea at the 3 and 6 months after intervention. Secondary outcomes include changes in self-reported risk perception for HIV and other STIs, knowledge of HIV, knowledge of risks associated with acquiring STIs, knowledge of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, consistent condom use for anal sex with casual partners, incidence of STIs, connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community, self-concealment of sexual orientation, perceived homophobia, internalised homophobia, HIV testing self-efficacy and HIV testing social norms.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the National University of Singapore Institutional Review Board (S-19-059) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to community-based organisations and policymakers.Trial registration numberNCT04021953
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Torres-Castillo, Nathaly, Erika Martinez-Lopez, Barbara Vizmanos-Lamotte, and Marta Garaulet. "Healthy Obese Subjects Differ in Chronotype, Sleep Habits, and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Composition from Their Non-Healthy Counterparts." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010119.
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Obesity is not the same in all individuals and two different phenotypes have been described: metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). The aim of this study was to identify factors that explain metabolic health status in a rigorously matched Spanish population. Subcutaneous and visceral fat, adipocyte size and fatty acid composition, cardiometabolic markers in serum, and lifestyle habits were assessed. Higher physical activity in the mornings (Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) (OR (95% CI) = 1.54 (1.09–2.18), p = 0.01)), earlier bedtimes (8:30–10:30 pm) (OR = 2.11 (1.02–4.36), p = 0.04), a complete breakfast (OR = 1.59 (1.07–2.36), p = 0.02), and a greater number of meals per day (4.10 ± 0.05 vs. 3.93 ± 0.05, p < 0.01), were associated with the MHO phenotype. Concentrations of 20:5 n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (0.26 ± 0.46 vs. 0.10% ± 0.11%, p = 0.04) and 18:3 n-6 gamma-linolenic acid (0.37 ± 0.24 vs. 0.23% ± 0.22%, p = 0.04) in subcutaneous adipocytes were higher and omental adipocyte size (187 094 ± 224 059 µm3 vs. 490 953 ± 229 049 µm3, p = 0.02) was lower in MHO subjects than in those with MUO. Visceral fat area differed between MHO and MUO subjects (135 ± 60 cm2 vs. 178 ± 85 cm2, p = 0.04, respectively). The study highlights specific lifestyle habits that could form part of obesity therapies, not only involving healthier eating habits but also earlier sleeping and exercise patterns.
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Bergeron, Julie, Emmanuelle Clappier, Isabelle Radford, Agnès Buzyn, Corinne Millien, Gwendoline Soler, Paola Ballerini, et al. "Prognostic and oncogenic relevance of TLX1/HOX11 expression level in T-ALLs." Blood 110, no. 7 (October 1, 2007): 2324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-04-079988.
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TLX1 is a homeodomain transcription factor generally associated with a favorable outcome in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, the molecular mechanisms of TLX1 deregulation remain unclear and various transcript levels in the absence of 10q24 abnormalities have been reported. A reproducible and accurate delineation of TLX1+ T-ALL will be necessary for proper therapeutic stratification. We have studied 264 unselected T-ALLs (171 adults and 93 children) and show that T-ALLs expressing high levels of TLX1 (n = 35, 13%), defined as a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) level of TLX1 greater than 1.00 ABL, form a homogeneous oncogenic group, based on their uniform stage of maturation arrest and oncogenetic and transcriptional profiles. Furthermore, TLX1-high T-ALLs harbor molecular TLX1 locus abnormalities in the majority (31/33), a proportion largely underestimated by standard karyotypic screening. T-ALLs expressing TLX1 at lower levels (n = 57, 22%) do not share these characteristics. Prognostic analysis within the adult LALA94 and GRAALL03 prospective protocols demonstrate a better event-free survival (P = .035) and a marked trend for longer overall survival (P = .059) for TLX1-high T-ALLs, while the expression of lower levels of TLX1 does not impact on prognosis. We propose that TLX1+ T-ALLs be defined as cases expressing TLX1/ABL ratios greater than 1 and/or demonstrating TLX1 rearrangement. Therapeutic modification should be considered for those patients.
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Horton, Devin J., Kencee K. Graves, Polina V. Kukhareva, Stacy A. Johnson, Maribel Cedillo, Matthew Sanford, William A. Dunson, et al. "Modified early warning score-based clinical decision support: cost impact and clinical outcomes in sepsis." JAMIA Open 3, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaa014.
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Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and financial impact of a quality improvement project that utilized a modified Early Warning Score (mEWS)-based clinical decision support intervention targeting early recognition of sepsis decompensation. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective, interrupted time series study on all adult patients who received a diagnosis of sepsis and were exposed to an acute care floor with the intervention. Primary outcomes (total direct cost, length of stay [LOS], and mortality) were aggregated for each study month for the post-intervention period (March 1, 2016–February 28, 2017, n = 2118 visits) and compared to the pre-intervention period (November 1, 2014–October 31, 2015, n = 1546 visits). Results The intervention was associated with a decrease in median total direct cost and hospital LOS by 23% (P = .047) and .63 days (P = .059), respectively. There was no significant change in mortality. Discussion The implementation of an mEWS-based clinical decision support system in eight acute care floors at an academic medical center was associated with reduced total direct cost and LOS for patients hospitalized with sepsis. This was seen without an associated increase in intensive care unit utilization or broad-spectrum antibiotic use. Conclusion An automated sepsis decompensation detection system has the potential to improve clinical and financial outcomes such as LOS and total direct cost. Further evaluation is needed to validate generalizability and to understand the relative importance of individual elements of the intervention.
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Damaj, Gandhi Laurent, Alain Duhamel, Marie Robin, Mauricette Michallet, Mohamad Mohty, Stephane Vigouroux, Yves Beguin, et al. "Impact of treatment prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndromes: A study on behalf of the SFGM-TC and the GFM groups." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 6534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6534.
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6534 Background: Until the early 2000s, treatment prior to SCT varied according to cytogenetics and % BM blasts and was mainly induction-type chemotherapy (ICT). The role of Azacitidine (AZA) prior to transplant remains uncertain. Methods: 163 consecutive pts (M/F=104/67; age > 18) underwent alloSCT between 2005 and 2009 from sibling (n=96) or HLA- allele-MUD (10/10) (n=67). The SC source was blood (n=142) or marrow (n=21) and conditionings were myeloablative (n=33); nonmyeloablative (n=130). Pts who did not received neither prior ICT nor AZA were excluded since the main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of prior therapy on pts’ outcome. Results: At diagnosis, FAB/WHO was: 24 RA/RARS/RCMD, 52 RAEB-1, 74 RAEB-2, 13 RAEB-t/AML; Cytogenetic: fav (n=93), int (n=32), unfav (n=37). 98 pts received prior ICT (ICT-group) and 65 had received AZA, either alone (AZA-group; n=48) or AZA preceded or followed by intensive CT (AZA-chemo-group; n=17). In AZA groups, the drug was started 38 to 941 days from transplant and discontinued 6 to 438 days before transplant with a median number of 4 cycles (range 1-26). Overall, 119 pts were considered responders at SCT (CR, PR, mCR), including 33 (69%) treated with AZA-alone, 9 (53%) with AZA-chemo and 77(78%) with ICT.While there were no differences between AZA-group and ICT-group in terms of OS, EFS, relapse and NRM, having a poor risk cytogenetic and receiving AZA-chemo prior to SCT were, in multivariate analyses, the most important factors that adversely influenced OS with [HR=3.03; 95% CI 1.84-4.96] (p<.0001) and [HR=2.72; 95% CI, 1.38-5.35] (p=.004), respectively. Pts of AZA-chemo group had the same rate of relapse but significantly higher NRM rate (p=.059) than those who received either AZA or ICT alone. Conclusions: With the goal of down-staging underlying disease before allo-SCT, AZA treatment appears to be a valid therapeutic approach, but mainly in pts receiving AZA alone with an outcome at least equivalent to pts receiving ICT prior to SCT. Allo-SCT in pts who required both AZA and chemotherapy had less satisfactory outcomes, possibly reflecting additional toxicity and/or more resistant disease.
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Peeling, James, Marc R. Del Bigio, Dale Corbett, A. Richard Green, and David M. Jackson. "Efficacy of disodium 4-[(tert-butylimino)methyl]benzene-1,3-disulfonate N-oxide (NXY-059), a free radical trapping agent, in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke." Neuropharmacology 40, no. 3 (March 2001): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00170-2.
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ÇELİKKALELİ, Öner, and Gülay ÖZSOY. "The Turkish Form of the Delaying Gratification Inventory: Validity and Reliability Studies." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 9, no. 4 (October 20, 2022): 1148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2022.9.4.750.
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The aim of this research is to adapt the Delay of Gratification Inventory to a Turkish adult sample. The data for the study was obtained from adults over the age of 18 between April and May 2021. The "Personal Information Form," the "Delay of Gratification Inventory," the "Psychological Well-Being Scale," and the "Barratt Impulsivity Scale Short Form" were used to collect research data. In addition to construct validity and criterion-related validity in the validity assessment of the inventor, in the reliability evaluation, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency, test-retest, and lower-upper 27% group difference values were examined. In exploratory factor analysis, the measurement tool consists of five sub-dimensions, and these sub-dimensions explain 52% of the variance. The conclusion of the CFA show that the five sub-dimension structure obtained has a good fit (χ2 = 352.97 N = 265, sd = 184, p = 0.00; χ2 / df = 1.92, RMSEA = .059, CFI = .90, IFI = .90, GFI = .89 and AGFI = .86). In another validity study, it was found that delaying gratification was positively related to psychological well-being and negatively related to impulsivity. Within the framework of reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient of the whole inventory was found to be .78. The test-retest coefficient for the whole inventory was found to be .84.
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Dourado, J. F., A. T. Pereira, C. Marques, J. Azevedo, V. Nogueira, A. Macedo, A. M. C. Bastos Silva, and A. J. M. Seco. "Confirmatory Factor Analysis of NEO-FFI-20 in a Portuguese Sample." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.052.
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IntroductionThe Five-Factor Model organizes human personality traits under a comprehensive framework of five dimensions–neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness. The dimensions are empirical generalizations of enduring differences in behavioural, emotional and cognitive patterns between individuals. The Portuguese version of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-20) is increasingly used as it is the shortest version to evaluate the “Big 5”.ObjectiveTo investigate the reliability and the validity of the Portuguese version of NEO-FFI-20-item (Bertoquini & Pais Ribeiro) in a Portuguese sample, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA).Methods747 participants [417 (55.8%) women; mean age = 42.13 ± 12.349 years] answered an online survey which included the NEO-FFI-20 and socio-demographic questions. The total sample was randomly divided in two sub-samples (sample A, n = 373; sample B, n = 374). Sample A was used to EFA and sample B was used to CFA.ResultsThe Portuguese version of NEO-FFI-20, excluding items 14 and 16, had an acceptable fit to the data (χ2/df = 2.28; TLI = .88; CFI = .90; RMSEA = .06; P = .059). The internal consistency analysis resulted in: Neuroticism, α = .68; Extraversion, α = .62; Openness to Experience, α = .74; Agreeableness, α = .70; and Conscientiousness, α = .74.ConclusionsThe NEO-FFI-20 can be used to reliably and validly evaluate the BIG FIVE in an ongoing research project on traffic psychology to better understand and respond to risky behaviours on the road.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Akaslan, İlhan, and Suna Koc. "Comparing the effectiveness of single-lumen high-frequency positive pressure ventilation with double-lumen endobronchial tube for the anesthesia management of endoscopic thoracic sympathetic blockade surgery." Medicine 102, no. 41 (October 13, 2023): e35315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000035315.
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Objectives: In this trial, we aimed to compare anesthetic effectiveness of single lumen tube (SLT) for tracheal intubation with high-frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) versus classic double lumen tube (DLT) for tracheal intubation in endoscopic thoracic sympathetic blockade surgery. Design: This was a prospective randomized controlled clinical study. Setting: The study was single-centered and conducted in a university hospital. Participants: There were 135 endoscopic thoracic sympathetic blockade patients in this study. Interventions: The patients were randomly allocated either to DLT (n = 67) or SLT (n = 68) groups. In SLT group, the ventilator setting was kept with frequencies that range from 1 to 1.8 Hz (60–110/min). Data regarding anesthesia duration, surgery duration, difficult intraoperative lung deflation, postoperative atelectasis, postoperative pain, postoperative pneumothorax were recorded and compared. All patients were operated by a single experienced surgeon under general anesthesia provided by the same anesthesia team. Measurements and main results: Both groups were age and gender matched. Among all recorded variables, only anesthesia time was found to be close to statistical significance (P = .059, favoring single lumen). All other parameters were found to be similar between groups. (P < .05). Conclusion: We reported that DLT and single lumen tracheal intubation were equally effective for lung deflation during surgery, and SLT with HFPPV ventilation mode during endoscopic thoracic sympathetic blockade surgery provided the surgeon with an adequate and clean workspace with shorter onset of anesthesia. We may suggest the HFPPV technique for uncomplicated surgery groups or where sufficient conditions for DLT cannot be provided in the operating room.
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Muruthi, James. "SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN AGING KENYANS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2011.
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Abstract The incidence of psychological distress is on the rise among aging Africans. Studies have indicated that in the absence of public support, relying on informal social networks might benefit the psychological health of aging Africans. However, the associations between social support, economic status, and psychological distress remain unclear in this population. This study investigated the prevalence of psychological distress among aging Kenyans and examined its relationships with economic status (indicated by standard measures for low- and mid-income populations) and perceived social support (multidimensional and provided by family, neighbors, and religious communities). Participants from rural and urban areas of Kenya completed computer-assisted personal interviews in May 2022 (N = 376). Overall, 61% reported high psychological distress. Structural equation modeling results indicated that food insecurity (β = .236, SE = .074, p < .001), sex (β = .146, SE = .056, p < .05) and self-reported physical health (β = .386, SE = .051, p < .001) positively predicted psychological distress while educational status (β = .146, SE = .058, p < .05), and flooring material (β = .107, SE = .056, p < .05) were negative predictors. The dimensions of social support were not significantly associated with the outcome variable. The findings illuminate that psychological distress is a critical health concern for the sample and needs targeted health interventions. They also underline the critical role of economic status on the psychological distress of aging Kenyans. Future studies should further explore these relationships, especially using longitudinal and representative data.
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Молдаханова, Маржан, Адлет Карієв, Гульсим Лекерова, and Фаузія Оразбаєва. "Дослідження адаптації студентів-першокурсників з особливими освітніми потребами до навчання в університеті." Insight: the psychological dimensions of society, no. 11 (May 1, 2024): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/2663-970x/2024-11-19.
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Метою дослідження є емпіричне з’ясування й теоретичне обґрунтування психологічного адаптаційного потенціалу і типів адаптації студентів-першокурсників з особливими освітніми потребами щодо навчання в університеті. У дослідженні взяли участь студенти-першокурсники Південно-Казахстанського університету імені М. Ауезова (ПКУ імені М. Ауезова) і Казахського національного педагогічного університету імені Абая (КНПУ імені Абая), загальною кількістю 469 осіб у віковому діапазоні від 17 до 19 років. Студенти-першокурсники з особливими освітніми потребами склали 154 особи. Описова частотна характеристика вибіркової сукупності: M=18.22; SD=±2.45; Me=18.00; Mo=18.00. Методи. Валідні й надійні опитувальники: “Діагностика соціально-психологічної адаптації” (ДСПА) (Rogers, Dymond, 1955); Багаторівневий особистісний опитувальник “Адаптивність” (МЛО–АМ) (Маклаков, Чермянін, 1993). Використано індуктивний, дедуктивний методи, аналізування, узагальнення, обґрунтування і синтезування наукових теоретичних та емпіричних даних. Результати. З’ясовано, що за шкалами “адаптивність” (U=245.00; p=.000); “прийняття себе” (U=312.00; p=.003); “прийняття інших” (U=318.00; p=.004); “поведінкова регуляція” (U=241.00; p=.000); “комунікативний потенціал” (U=203.00; p=.000) і “особистісний адаптаційний потенціал” (U=312.00; p=.003) студенти-першокурсники з особливими освітніми потребами поступаються студентам без особливих освітніх потреб. Пояснено такі очікувані результати певними труднощами в процесі комунікації, у тому числі з представниками протилежної статі. Констатовано відсутність статистичної достовірності між досліджуваними з особливими освітніми потребами (група 1) і без особливих освітніх потреб (група 2) за параметром “моральна нормативність” (U=621.00; p=.059). Пояснено, що сталість сформованих моральних канонів складає ключову цінність цього контингенту студентів-першокурсників. Визначено кластеризацією методом k-середніх чотири типи адаптації студентів-першокурсників з особливими освітніми потребами до навчання в університеті: “Конструктивна адаптація” (кластер 1, n=20; 12.99%), “Деструктивна адаптація” (кластер 2, n=57; 37.01%), “Дезадаптація” (кластер 3, n=49; 31.82%), “Морально-нормативна адаптація” (кластер 4, n=28; 18.18%). Зазначено, що з’ясовані типи упорядковують значний масив емпіричної інформації про особливі освітні потреби здобувачів, яка вимагає подальшої операціоналізації та дієвого впровадження в освітню практику. Дискусія і висновки. Доведено можливість впровадження результатів дослідження в аспекті вдосконалення інклюзивного освітнього середовища для оптимальної адаптації студентів-першокурсників до реалій університетського життя з метою реалізації очікувань усіх суб’єктів освітнього процесу.
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Arkerson, Brittany J., Matthew M. Finneran, Solita R. Harris, Jessica Schnorr, Eliza R. McElwee, Lauren Demosthenes, and Renata Sawyer. "Remote Monitoring Compared With In-Office Surveillance of Blood Pressure in Patients With Pregnancy-Related Hypertension." Obstetrics & Gynecology 142, no. 4 (September 7, 2023): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005327.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the rate of blood pressure ascertainment within 10 days of postpartum discharge among individuals with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy randomized either to in-office blood pressure assessment or at-home monitoring. METHODS: This was a multisite randomized controlled trial of postpartum patients diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy before discharge between April 2021 and September 2021 and was performed at two academic training institutions. Patients were randomized to either an in-office blood pressure check or remote monitoring through a web-enabled smartphone platform. The primary outcome was the rate of any blood pressure ascertainment within 10 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes include rates of initiation of antihypertensive medication, readmission, and additional office or triage visits for hypertension. Assuming a 10-day postdischarge blood pressure ascertainment rate of 50% in the in-office arm, we estimated that 186 participants would provide 80% power to detect a 20% difference in the primary outcome between groups. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-seven patients were randomized (96 remote, 101 in-office). Patients with remote monitoring had higher rates of postpartum blood pressure ascertainment compared with in-office surveillance (91.7% [n=88] vs 58.4% [n=59]; P<.001). There were 11 (11.5%) patients in the intervention arm whose only qualifying blood pressure was a postdischarge in-person ascertainment, yielding a true remote monitoring uptake rate of 80.2%. In those with remote blood pressure uptake (n=77), the median number of blood pressure checks was 15 (interquartile range 6–26) and the median duration of remote monitoring use was 14 days (interquartile range 9–16). There were no differences in rates of readmission for hypertension (5.0% [n=5] vs 4.2% [n=4], P=.792) or initiation of antihypertensive medications after discharge (9.4% [n=9] vs 6.9% [n=7], P=.530). Rates of unscheduled visits were increased in the remote monitoring arm, but this did not reach statistical significance (5.0% [n=5] vs 12.5% [n=12], P=.059). When stratifying the primary outcome by race and randomization group, Black patients had lower rates of blood pressure ascertainment than White patients when assigned to in-office surveillance (41.2% [n=14] vs 69.5% [n=41], P=.007), but there was no difference in the remote management group (92.9% [n=26] vs 92.9% [n=52], P>.99). CONCLUSION: Remote monitoring can increase postpartum blood pressure ascertainment within 10 days of discharge for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and has the potential to promote health equity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04823949.