Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Myzus persicae (Sulzer)'
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1
Little, E. J. "Insecticide resistance£t in the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235363.
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Saljoqu, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman. "Integrated management of potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284450.
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Hag, Ahmed Saif Eldin Mohamed Kheir. "Biological control of glasshouse Myzus persicae (Sulzer) using Aphidius matricariae Haliday." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46324.
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Pegadaraju, Venkatramana. "Molecular insights into arabidopsis response to Myzus persicae sulzer (green peach aphid)." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/129.
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Clough, Martin S. "Cold hardiness and overwintering of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305665.
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Hinga, Clark D. "Genetic analysis of resistance to Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in Nicotiana tabacum L." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41552.
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Field experiments with the green peach aphid on tobacco were conducted at Blackstone, Virginia in 1983 and 1984. The objectives were to: 1) confirm and identify source materials resistant to the green peach aphid; 2) study the inheritance of aphid resistance; 3) verify heritability of resistant genotypes through F2 and advanced generation testing and 4) investigate the nature of the resistance.
Results showed green peach aphid resistance in Tobacco Introductions 1462, 1118, 1112, 1024, breeding line 1-35 and cultivar NC 745. Inheritance studies showed that the resistance is a recessive trait controlled by three separate, non-linked loci; such that a homozygous recessive at any one locus will condition for the resistance reaction. Among the source materials, one locus conditioned the resistance shown by TI 1118, TI 1112 and breeding line I-35. A second independent locus conditioned the found in TI 1024 and a third independent locus conditioned the resistance observed in NC 745. Tobacco Introduction 1462 possessed alleles for resistance at both the second and third loci.
Small aphid cages were of questionable value for studying the resistance reaction. Higher leaf temperatures were noted for the caged leaf surfaces and may be responsible for the unreliable results.
Evaluation of F2, F3, F5, F5 populations developed from resistant x susceptible crosses indicated that aphid resistance is a heritable trait and is not closely linked to adverse agronomic quality characteristics.
Master of Science
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Marie, Joan. "Intraclonal Morphological Plasticity within the Myzus persicae (Sulzer) Complex Related to Host Plant and Temperature." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33305.
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Blackman (1987) used life cycle and morphology to separate Myzus nicotianae Blackman, a tobacco-feeding species of aphid, from Myzus persicae (Sulzer). In the present study, the first objective was to investigate the influence of temperature and host plant on the morphology of M. nicotianae and M. persicae. The second objective was to assess Blackman¡¦s 1987 key to Myzus for separating tobacco and non-tobacco originating morphs under different environmental conditions. Four host plants were used: tobacco, turnip, pepper, and okra, and three temperatures, 15â aC, 20â aC, and 25â aC. The intraclonal plasticity of two tobacco collected morphs and one turnip collected morph was investigated in relation to these combinations of host and temperature in a 4 x 3 x 3 factorial experimental design. Fifth generation mature apterous aphids were mounted on slides and 10 different morphological structures utilized in morphometric analysis were measured.
Data support a morphologically distinct, host-adapted tobacco race but not a separate tobacco-feeding species of M. persicae. The key developed by Blackman (1987) did not discriminate between the tobacco and non-tobacco originating clones but the canonical variates generated from the analysis successfully separated the tobacco and non-tobacco groups. Other studies have used many different clones to investigate the possible distinctions between M. persicae and M. nicotianae; the objective here was to see how much morphological perturbation may be induced within a clone by rearing at different temperatures and on different host plants.
Temperature and host plant had substantial influences on the morphology of these aphids. The physiological interactions of temperature-host plant-aphid morphology are very complex yet controlling only for temperature and host plant was sufficient to group specimens according to these independent variables with remarkable accuracy using the linear discriminant functions generated with these data. Percent of aphids in which rearing temperature was correctly identified using linear discriminant functions generated for temperature classes was 87%, 63%, and 64% for 15â aC, 20â aC, and 25â aC, respectively. Random designations would be 33%. Correct identification of host plant was 65%, 45%, 47%, and 48% successful for tobacco, turnip, pepper, and okra, respectively. Random designations for host plant would be 25%.
Canonical variates produced clusters by host, temperature, morph, and combinations of these independent variables with varying degrees of discreteness. CV1 by CV2 for host plants gave a very distinct cluster for tobacco and also separate groupings for aphids reared on turnip and pepper. Aphids from the host plant okra were scattered quite widely across the CV1 by CV2 graph. CV1 by CV2 for temperature conditions showed a tight cluster for aphids from 15â aC and still distinct though less closely grouped clusters for both 20â aC and 25â aC rearing temperatures. CV1 by CV2 for the three morphs gave substantial overlap for the two tobacco originating morphs and a more separate cluster for the morph originally collected from turnip.Master of Science
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Srigiriraju, Lakshmipathi. "Quantification of insecticide resistance in the tobacco-adapted form of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer)(Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27549.
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The tobacco-adapted form of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most important insect pests of tobacco in the United States and around the world. Insecticides play a major role in controlling the aphid on tobacco because natural enemies usually fail to maintain its populations below damaging levels. The aphid has a history of developing resistance to many insecticides. Therefore, baseline information on the aphidâ s susceptibility to imidacloprid and other insecticides is critical for developing future resistant management programs to minimize losses attributed to the aphid. Studies were conducted on colonies of the tobacco-adapted form of the green peach aphid collected from nine states in the eastern United States in 2004-2007. The susceptibility of 151 colonies to imidacloprid was determined in serial leaf-dip bioassays. When combined over the four years, 18, 14, and 4% of the colonies had 10- to 20-fold, 20- to 30-fold, and 30- to 90-fold resistance ratios, respectively, suggesting that high levels of resistance to imidacloprid are present in field populations of the aphid. A colony collected near Clayton, NC had the highest LC50 value (31 ppm) combined over six tests and three years, but the average resistance ratios for the first three runs was over 130-fold (48 ppm). Geographic location had little effect on susceptibility to imidacloprid. Aphid colonies (136) including red, green, and orange color morphs were screened for total esterase activity using microplate assay with 1-Naphthyl acetate as the substrate. The green morphs generally had lower esterase levels than the red and orange morphs. All orange morphs had among the highest esterase activities. Esterase activities of red and green morphs were positively correlated with LC50 values as determined by leaf-dip bioassays for acephate and methomyl. All 25 colonies tested for esterase gene amplification had either E4 or FE4 gene amplification. The amplification of both E4 and FE4 seen as an 865-bp band characteristic of the FE4 gene and an additional 381-bp band characteristic of a deleted upstream region of the E4 gene occurred in all (4) orange morphs and one (1 of 9) green morph. Target-site insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as modified AChE resistance (MACE) was assessed in 65 colonies of field-collected tobacco-adapted forms of M. persicae. Eight colonies over a range of AChE activity were selected to study inhibition of AChE in the presence of two carbamate insecticides, methomyl and pirimicarb. IC50 values for methomyl ranged from 0.35 to 2.4 μM while six of eight colonies had lower values with a range of 0.16 to 0.30 μM for pirimicarb. Two colonies that were inhibited by methomyl had very high IC50 values of 40.4 and 98.6 μM for pirimicarb. Such insensitivity may be due to mutations in the ace2 gene, but this needs to be confirmed by genetic and molecular analysis. Glutathione S- transferases (GSTs), isoenzymes that are involved in the metabolism and detoxification of many xenobiotic compounds were quantified for 100 colonies by CDNB conjugation. There was a wide range of GST activity for the red (8 to 343 pmol/min/mg protein) and green (15.3 to 330 pmol/min mg protein) morphs, but all six orange morphs collected in 2007 had a narrower range (160 to 211 pmol/min/mg protein). About 45% of the red morphs had GST activity from 200-300 pmol/min/mg of protein, while 53% of the green morphs had a range of 100-200 pmol/min/mg protein. The influence of temperature-mediated synergisms on the toxicity of insecticides in red and green color morphs of the tobacco-adapted from of M. persicae were evaluated using leaf-dip bioassay procedures in laboratory incubators. Post-exposure temperatures of 15, 20, and 25oC were evaluated for four classes of insecticides, acephate, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and methomyl. The temperature change from 15 to 20oC caused almost a 3-fold increase in toxicity to the red and green color morphs for methomyl, acephate, and imidacloprid. In contrast, the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin decreased as the temperature increased, showing a negative temperature coefficient. Bioassay experiments conducted with the red morph for indirect estimates of imidacloprid concentrations in flue-cured tobacco showed that leaf position, imidacloprid rate and time after application affected the concentration of the toxicant in the leaf. The differences in aphid mortality between the lower and upper leaf positions indicate that the concentration of imidacloprid and its metabolites were unevenly distributed with the lowest mortality for aphids feeding on the younger, upper leaves and the highest for those feeding on the older, lower leaves. In field experiments, higher aphid populations occurred on tobacco treated with imidacloprid less than the field recommended rate of 41.4 ml/1,000 plants. The development of aphid populations in the field was consistent with the laboratory bioassays. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of various insecticides currently registered for aphid control on tobacco. Imidacloprid applied as a tray drench treatment and acephate as foliar sprays were the most effective treatments. Moderate declines in control with imidacloprid were observed at 75-87 d after transplanting in 2006 and 2007. Aldicarb gave good to excellent control in one of three years, but only fair to poor control in the other two years. Methomyl and lambda-cyhalothrin gave good control in all three years except the residual was shorter. The poor performance of aldicarb in the two years may have been related to the presence of E4 or FE4 resistance in the naturally occurring TGPA in the experimental plots.Ph. D.
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O'Doherty, Rose. "Studies on the cold hardiness of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4413/.
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A system incorporating a prototype automatic thermoelectric cooling method with computer-based recording of aphid supercooling points was developed and formed the basis of cold hardiness assessment. Under laboratory culture all developmental stages of Myzus persicae had a mean inherent supercooling potential below -20°C, with first instar nymphs the most cold hardy. When maintained at 5°C, younger instars demonstrated acclimation ability unlike adult aphids, and in an insecticide resistant strain, adults lost cold hardiness. When in contact with surface moisture, the majority of aphids did not experience inoculative nucleation. Sexual morphs of M. persicae possessed supercooling ability comparable with laboratory maintained parthenogenetic morphs; eggs supercooled to below -30°C. Seasonal studies of supercooling ability demonstrated that all aphid stages were most cold hardy in summer. Younger instars showed natural acclimatisation and were cold hardy throughout the year. Overall adults lost cold hardiness as winter progressed, exhibiting bimodal supercooling point distributions in two winters, with distinct high (HG) and low (LG) groups and mean supercooling points of approximately -20°C and -10 oe respectively. Clonal differences and adult age did not account for this pattern. Following experimental starvation at 5°C, first instars of M. persicae maintained extensive supercooling potential but adults exhibited losses of cold hardiness comparable with those in natural overwintering populations, suggesting that feeding may be necessary to maintain adult cold hardiness levels during winter. Subsequent starvation experiments did not reproduce the dramatic losses of cold hardiness implying that the feeding influence was more complex than the availability of food per se. In a series of host transfer experiments the mean supercooling point of Aphis fabae adults could be shifted by over 10°C, increasing when they fed on beans and reduced when transferred back to spindle; the LG (spindle/poor supercoolers) to HG (bean/good supercoolers) shift was more difficult to achieve and suggested a nucleating agent in spindle sap. Trimethylsilyl derivatised carbohydrate extracts of M. persicae and A. fabae were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Glucose, glycerol, fructose, mannitol, sucrose, and trehalose were detected in samples of both species, together with trace amounts of unidentified carbohydrates in M. persicae samples. Dulcitol was present in spindle-fed A. fabae only. There was no obvious correlation between carbohydrate content and supercooling ability but high total percentage body carbohydrate levels were revealed and may have a solute effect, enhancing inherent supercooling potential and dependent on carbohydrate-rich sap intake. Laboratory cultured A. fabae were capable of extensive supercooling, as were individuals collected from summer herbaceous hosts; first instars were the most cold hardy. When associated with the primary host, spindle, all aphids showed poor supercooling potential, less than -15°C; overwintering eggs were capable of supercooling to below -30°C and acclimatised in winter. Eggs and oviparae were not subject to inoculative nucleation. Preliminary experiments to relate supercooling ability to mortality at sub-zero temperatures proved inconclusive and were terminated when temperature shock and/or desiccation were thought to have induced premature mortality. The results demonstrate that the cold hardiness characteristics of M. persicae are atypical of those observed in other freezing-susceptible arthropods. It is proposed that continued feeding during mild winters maintains cold hardiness levels in adult M. persicae and this influence may provide a possible explanation for the successful anholocyclic overwintering of this aphid during such winters. Avenues of research to further investigate this proposal are suggested.
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Sauge, Marie-Hélène. "Analyse des mecanismes de la resistance du pecher prunus persica (l. ) batsch au puceron vert myzus persicae (sulzer)." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066458.
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L'expression de la resistance au puceron vert myzus persicae (sulzer) a ete etudiee chez quatre varietes de pecher (prunus persica (l. ) batsch et chez le clone p1908 de l'espece prunus davidiana (carr. ) franch. Chez rubira et weeping flower peach, la resistance agit par antixenose ; elle a vraisemblablement pour origine la presence de substances phloemiennes a forte activite antiappetante ou phagorepulsive. Chez rubira, les piqures du puceron induisent des reactions de defense, qui semblent associees a des signaux que le puceron detecte dans le mesophylle et dans les faisceaux vasculaires. Chez summergrand, malo konare et p1908, la resistance agit par antibiose. Chez summergrand et malo konare, l'action depressive de la resistance sur les stades larvaires est plus marquee que chez p1908 ; les facteurs de resistance, localises dans les tissus vasculaires et dans les tubes cribles, restreignent l'activite d'ingestion de seve. Chez p1908, la fonction reproductrice du puceron est fortement affectee : un mecanisme physiologique destine a restreindre l'ecoulement de seve dans les tubes cribles est probablement responsable de la resistance. L'analyse phenotypique et genotypique de la descendance hybride summergrand p1908 a permis de caracteriser les facteurs genetiques impliques dans la resistance. Chez p1908, un qtl de resistance majeur est associe a un mecanisme de defense phloemien conduisant a la reduction de l'ingestion de seve elaboree. Un autre qtl a effet mineur gouverne l'expression de facteurs de resistance localises dans le mesophylle et dans le parenchyme vasculaire. Le qtl de resistance detecte chez summergrand est associe a des facteurs de resistance pre-phloemiens et phloemiens, qui retardent l'apparition de l'ingestion et perturbent l'installation des styles du puceron dans les tubes cribles. Le caractere complementaire des resistances conferees par l'ensemble de ces genotypes permet d'envisager la construction d'une resistance durable a m. Persicae chez le pecher.
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Field, Linda Mary. "The molecular genetic basis of insecticide resistance in the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (sulzer)." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328516.
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Martinou, Angeliki. "Studies on intraguild predation and biological control of the aphid myzus persicae (sulzer) on pepper and aubergine." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11397.
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Anstead, James Andrew. "Population genetics of knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides in the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444497/.
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The peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) has developed resistance to pyrethroid insecticides as a result of two mutations in the para-type sodium channel protein: L1014F (kdr) and M918T (super-kdr). Two allelic discriminating PCR assays were developed that used fluorescent probes to determine precisely the genotype of these mutations in individuals of M. persicae. These assays were used alongside existing assays for other resistance mechanisms (MACE and elevated carboxylesterase) to investigate the temporal and spatial incidence of insecticide resistance in M. persicae. The kdr mutation and elevated carboxylesterase were found to be widely distributed, being present throughout Europe and in Australia. MACE and super-kdr were widespread in Europe, but were not detected in insects from Australia. A significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the populations sampled implied selection against individuals that are homozygous for these resistance mutations. Patterns of distribution in the UK also indicated strong selection against the super-kdr mutation in the absence of insecticide pressure. Significant associations were found between all the different resistance mechanisms, probably promoted by asexual reproduction. The current distribution of the kdr and super-kdr mutations could have arisen by migration from a single source or by independent mutations arising in separate populations. Sequences of intron DNA flanking the mutations showed multiple independent origins of kdr and super-kdr to be the most plausible explanation of these data.
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PANINI, MICHELA. "Caratterizzazione dei meccanismi di resistenza agli insetticidi nelle popolazioni italiane dell'afide verde del pesco Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6071.
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L’afide del pesco Myzus persicae rappresenta uno degli insetti più dannosi in agricoltura. Estremamente polifago e cosmopolita, viene combattuto principalmente con trattamenti insetticidi. Nel corso degli ultimi anni neonicotinoidi e piretroidi hanno rappresentato i componenti principali delle strategie di difesa contro questa specie, ma recenti programmi di monitoraggio condotti in Sud Europa hanno rivelato la presenza di popolazioni resistenti, mettendo in dubbio l’efficacia a lungo termine di queste classi di prodotti. Il presente lavoro prende in esame la diffusione dei principali meccanismi di resistenza agli insetticidi nelle popolazioni di M. persicae presenti sul territorio italiano.
La prima parte si concentra sulle resistenze target-site e considera la distribuzione delle principali mutazioni che sono state associate alla resistenza a neonicotinoidi e piretroidi. La seconda parte riguarda le resistenze metaboliche e analizza le principali classi di enzimi associate ad attività di sequestro o detossificazione delle molecole di insetticida. Infine, il progetto si focalizza sulla caratterizzazione delle possibili interazioni tra tali enzimi detossificanti e molecole sinergizzanti quali il ben noto piperonil butossido (PBO). I risultati ottenuti consentiranno di migliorare le strategie di difesa per evitare trattamenti inefficaci e mantenere il più a lungo possibile l’efficacia dei prodotti oggi disponibili per il controllo di M. persicae.The green peach aphid Myzus persicae is a globally significant crop pest, controlled mainly by chemical treatments. In recent years neonicotinoids and pyrethroids have been the main components of pest management strategies used by growers. However, recent monitoring programmes in Southern Europe have shown the widespread presence of resistant populations, posing a serious threat to the long-term efficacy of these insecticide classes. The present work aims to characterise the main biochemical and molecular mechanisms responsible for insecticide resistance in Italian populations of M. Persicae. The first part is focused on target-site resistance and consider the frequency and distribution of the main target-site mutations associated with neonicotinoid and pyrethroid resistance. The second part is related to metabolic resistance and analyses the involvement of detoxifying enzymes able to sequester or metabolise the insecticide molecules. Furthermore, the project aims to characterise possible interactions between those enzymes and synergistic compounds like the well-known piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Results obtained by this investigation will help to improve insecticide resistance management strategies, in order to avoid ineffective applications and maintain the long-term sustainability of chemical control against M. persicae.
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Florencio-Ortiz, Victoria. "Physiological and biochemical insights into pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) responses to green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/109732.
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Introducción general. Los pulgones representan una de las plagas más importantes económicamente en la agricultura mundial. Su impacto negativo se relaciona, en parte, con su capacidad de reproducirse por partenogénesis junto con un tiempo de generación corto, lo que les permite alcanzar altas densidades de población. El pulgón Myzus persicae es la plaga de pulgón más importante del mundo a nivel económico. Destaca especialmente por ser altamente polífago ya que se alimenta de más de 400 especies de plantas de 50 familias diferentes, afectando a importantes cultivos agrícolas y hortícolas. Además, M. persicae es vector de más de 100 enfermedades virales y es la especie de pulgón que ha desarrollado más mecanismos (al menos seis tipos) de resistencia a insecticidas. Por lo tanto, resulta de vital importancia la identificación de factores moleculares y mecanismos que contribuyan a las defensas de la planta y limiten la infestación del pulgón. El crecimiento de la población mundial y de la consiguiente demanda de alimentos requiere un mayor rendimiento de los cultivos, así como una mayor resistencia de estos a los estreses ambientales. Además, existe una tendencia social creciente a mejorar la producción de los cultivos a través de medios seguros y sostenibles que reduzcan el uso de pesticidas. En este sentido, comprender la naturaleza química de las complejas interacciones planta-pulgón resulta indispensable para optimizar la producción de nuevos cultivos. Los estudios realizados hasta el momento muestran que tanto la señalización como las respuestas de defensa son altamente específicas de interacciones planta-pulgón concretas. Esto destaca la importancia de estudiar sistemas específicos en lugar de basarse en los mecanismos descritos en plantas modelo. Desarrollo técnico. El objetivo principal de esta Tesis Doctoral es obtener una visión integrada de la dinámica espacial y temporal de la interacción planta-pulgón en una especie no modelo, pero de gran relevancia en la agricultura Mediterránea, como es el pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.). Para ello, se han caracterizado las respuestas químicas de las hojas del pimiento a la infestación por el pulgón verde del melocotonero Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776), utilizando la técnica de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Los metabolitos analizados en esta tesis incluyen aminoácidos (como metabolitos primarios con función dual en las interacciones planta-pulgón), fitohormonas (implicadas en la señalización de la defensa de la planta), proteínas (proporcionan un análisis a gran escala del metabolismo a través de un enfoque proteómico) y ácidos fenólicos (como metabolitos secundarios con funciones en defensa). Además, se han realizado diferentes experimentos que incluyen un seguimiento detallado del curso temporal de la infestación (desde las 3 horas hasta los 7 días post-infestación) y también se ha realizado el análisis a nivel local y sistémico utilizando para ello trampas de tipo clip (clip cages). Conclusiones. 1. Diferentes análisis fitoquímicos, incluyendo hormonas involucradas en las rutas de señalización que controlan el crecimiento y las respuestas de defensa de las plantas, el estudio proteómico a gran escala, y el análisis de metabolitos primarios (aminoácidos) y secundarios (ácidos fenólicos), han demostrado que el pulgón verde del melocotonero Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) a una baja densidad de infestación permanece sin ser detectado o no desencadena una respuesta de gran magnitud en las plantas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.). 2. M. persicae induce cambios significativos en la composición de aminoácidos libres de las hojas de pimiento, dependiendo tanto de la densidad de infestación como del tiempo post-infestación. 3. Mientras que a alta densidad M. persicae produce un gran incremento en el contenido total de aminoácidos libres, a baja densidad el contenido de aminoácidos libres disminuye considerablemente a los 7 días post-infestación. 4. El aumento en el contenido total de aminoácidos libres se debe principalmente a un incremento en los aminoácidos esenciales. En términos cuantitativos, los aminoácidos con mayor incremento en su contenido son los aromáticos fenilalanina y tirosina, los aminoácidos de cadena ramificada, valina, leucina e isoleucina, y un grupo formado por alanina, arginina, lisina, metionina y treonina. 5. El análisis de fitohormonas ha demostrado que la mayor parte de las respuestas ocurren a nivel local. 6. Las vías de señalización del ácido jasmónico y el ácido salicílico están ambas involucradas en las respuestas moleculares del pimiento a M. persicae. 7. La ruta de señalización del ácido jasmónico responde más rápidamente y con una mayor magnitud que la del ácido salicílico, la cual se induce sólo en las últimas etapas de la infestación. 8. Los niveles endógenos del ácido indolacético no se alteran significativamente en las plantas de pimiento en respuesta al pulgón, incluso bajo una elevada densidad de infestación. 9. Las plantas de pimiento infestadas con una alta densidad de pulgón muestran una reducción en la longitud del tallo, el número de hojas y el ancho de la hoja a los 7 días post-infestación. 10. El análisis proteómico ha revelado un patrón general en las respuestas de las proteínas de las hojas de pimiento al ataque del pulgón, según el cual la expresión de la mayor parte de las proteínas aumenta a tiempos cortos pero disminuye con el progreso de la infestación. 11. El pobre solapamiento observado entre las proteínas con expresión diferencial a diferentes tiempos de infestación indica que la mayoría de las proteínas se regulan solo de forma transitoria. 12. Un elevado número (46,8%) de las proteínas con expresión diferencial son cloroplásticas, lo que subraya la relevancia de este orgánulo en la respuesta de la planta a los pulgones. 13. La mayoría de los cambios se producen en proteínas que son necesarias para el funcionamiento de la planta en condiciones normales, incluyendo proteínas involucradas en fotosíntesis y fotorrespiración, metabolismo de aminoácidos y carbohidratos, traducción, y plegamiento y degradación de proteínas. Sin embargo, el número de proteínas directamente involucradas en la defensa de la planta es bajo y su expresión está mayoritariamente reprimida en respuesta al ataque del pulgón. 14. El análisis de los ácidos fenólicos libres ha revelado que una alta densidad de infestación por pulgón induce la alteración en el contenido de todos los ácidos fenólicos libres analizados en algún momento de la infestación, con excepción del ácido clorogénico. 15. Los ácidos gálico, p-hidroxibenzoico, cafeico, p-cumárico y sinápico aumentan su contenido en las hojas de pimiento a tiempos cortos de infestación (1 día) pero disminuyen por debajo del control (excepto el ácido sinápico) a tiempos más largos. 16. Los ácidos protocatéquico y salicílico muestran un patrón de variación opuesto en las hojas de pimiento en respuesta al pulgón.
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Eleftherianos, Ioannis. "Characterisation of knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398434.
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Nisbet, Alasdair Justice. "The effects of azadirachtin on the feeding behaviour and virus transmission of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1992. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4517/.
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Azadirachtin was isolated from neem seeds, by flash column chromatography, with a purity of > 95%. Yields from Ghanaian seeds were higher than those from Pakistani seeds (0.04% w/w and < 0.0015% w/w respectively). An unsuccessful attempt was made to produce 14C-Labelled azadirachtin for use in systemic movement studies. Qualitative and preliminary quantitative chromatographic analyses of the leaf extracts of tobacco seedlings (Nicotiana clevelandii) whose roots had been immersed in azadirachtin solutions showed systemic movement of the compound from the roots to the aerial parts. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) method was used to analyse the feeding behaviour of apterous, adult Myzus persicae (Homoptera : Aphididae) on N.clevelandii seedlings, treated systemically with azadirachtin. The percentage of the 9h recording period devoted to non-penetration activities and to stylet pathway patterns, the number of probes inititated and the numbers of sieve tube penetrations all increased with increasing azadirachtin concentration. Azadirachtin treatment significantly reduced the percentage of probes that reached sieve elements and increased non-penetration activity before and after the first period of ingestion from the sieve elements. The percentage of the recording period spent in the EPG pattern associated with sieve tube penetration was significantly reduced by an azadirachtin concentration of 300ppm, and the duration of each individual sieve tube penetration was significantly reduced by an azadirachtin concentration of 100ppm. A novel quantitative method, based on honeydew production, was used to measure aphid feeding on artificial liqued diets containing various concentrations of azadirachtin. During a 52h period on diets containing azadirachtin at concentrations of 100 and 300ppm, adult apterous M.Persicae produced 4-5 times less honeydew than those feeding on control diets and aphids on diets containing 500 and 1000ppm azadirachtin produced no more honeydew than aphids which were starved for the same period. During this period the rate of nymph production by aphids on all treated diets fell to less than half that of aphids on control diet. When the aphids were subsequently transferred to untreated diets for 44h, a large proportion of the nymphs produced by aphids which had been on diets treated with 100-500ppm azadirachtin were born dead with undeveloped appendages.
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kfoury, Linda. "Analyse des causes de la résistance du pêcher, Prunus (L) Batsch, au puceron vert du pêcher, Myzus persicae Sulzer." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30085.
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Les travaux concernent l'etude du controle genetique de la resistance d'une variete de pecher au puceron vert du pecher et l'analyse des causes de la resistance d'une autre variete de pecher a ce puceron. Les mecanismes associes a la resistance de rubira, processus necrotique et influence repulsive, sont induits par les fondatrigenes de myzus persicae sulz. Les reactions necrotiques restent localisees aux tissus piques par le puceron. L'influence repulsive qui peut intervenir avant l'apparition des reactions necrotiques presente un caractere systemique. En l'absence des pucerons, ce caractere ne persiste que deux a trois jours. L'influence repulsive est egalement induite par des pucerons non infeodes au pecher, virginogenes de m. Persicae et fondatrigenes de phorodum humuli schrank. Elle est attenuee par les fondatrigenes de brachycaudus persicae pass. , espece colonisant rubira. Les blessures mecaniques n'induisent pas l'influence repulsive de rubira. La relation plante-puceron dependrait donc de la nature et des lieux d'emission de la salive. L'etude par actographie du comportement alimentaire des fondatrigenes de m. Persicae montre que la resistance de rubira intervient d'abord au niveau des tubes cribles puis elle diffuse dans les tissus de l'ecorce. L'efficacite de la resistance induite depend de l'insecte inducteur et de duree de l'induction. La composition de la salive emise par les pucerons pourrait varier en fonction de celle de l'aliment car des pucerons eleves sur milieu synthetique transforment ce dernier lorsqu'il renferme notamment la prunasine. Cette substance cyanogenique defavorable aux pucerons particuliere au prunus, n'a pu etre detectee dans le phloeme du pecher. Les travaux concernant l'elevage des pucerons sur milieux synthetiques montrent qu'en presence du saccharose, le sorbitol est ingere et presente une bonne valeur nutritive
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Saupe, Ana Carolina. "O chá de macela Achyrocline satureioide (LAM) DC no controle do pulgão verde Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) em cultivo protegido." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/85142.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T15:45:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Estudos vem comprovando os danos que os venenos químicos podem causar ao ambiente e especialmente ao homem, tornando sua utilização praticamente insustentável. Assim, vem ocorrendo um resgate do conhecimento tradicional. Por outro lado, a sociedade tem exigido produtos nutritivos, saudáveis e com um mínimo de dano ao ambiente. Nesse sentido, a macela (ou marcela) apresenta várias vantagens em relação ao uso de agrotóxicos, pois constitui uma forma alternativa de controle de insetos, pela redução de riscos à saúde e de custos, além de ser um produto saudável, sem efeitos colaterais e período de carência, sendo possível o consumo da planta tratada logo após a pulverização, algo impensável para os pesticidas químicos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do chá de macela no controle do pulgão verde Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) utilizando o cultivo hidropônico de hortaliças folhosas como modelo experimental. Paralelamente, foi testado também um sistema de criação de pulgão experimental para a obtenção de uma colônia estoque para realização de experimentos. Para realização dos testes foram utilizadas plantas de Rúcula, infestadas com colônias de pulgão verde, em vasos contendo substrato (70% vermiculita, 30% areia e 20% substrato comercial) acondicionados em bandejas plásticas forradas com lã sintética comercial, que servia como reservatório da Solução Hidropônica que era reposta a cada dois dias. Foram pulverizadas sobre as plantas três diferentes concentrações de chá de macela, 5, 10 e 20 gramas de inflorescências por litro de água, mais água destilada, que consistiu a testemunha. Foram realizadas duas contagens, uma 24 e outra 48 horas após a aplicação dos diferentes tratamentos, contando-se os pulgões encontrados em dez folhas escolhidas aleatóriamente em cada planta tratada. Foram observadas eficiências de controle de até 80,9% para a concentração de 5 g.L-1, 91,6% para a concentração de 10 g.L-1 e 85,3% para a concentração mais elevada de chá, 20 g.L-1. Verificou-se uma alta eficiência do chá de macela no controle de pulgão verde em cultivo protegido, demonstrando seu potencial como uma alternativa a utilização de agrotóxicos no controle desse inseto de grande importância agronômica e que causa danos a culturas em todo o mundo. O chá de macela foi efetivo em todas as concentrações testadas, quando comparadas com a testemunha, mas a maior eficiência foi verificada para a concentração de 10 gramas de inflorescências por litro de água. Quanto ao sistema de criação de pulgão desenvolvido, ele demonstrou-se muito eficiente e de fácil manutenção, provendo uma colônia estoque suficiente para a realização dos experimentos. Devido a verificação da alta eficiência do chá de macela no controle do pulgão verde, recomenda-se ampliar os estudos de extratos de diferentes plantas no controle de insetos de importância agrícola.
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Dardouri, Tarek. "Implication des composés organiques volatils dans la capacité des plantes de service à perturber le comportement et les performances de Myzus êrsicae (sulzer) le puceron vert du verger." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0702/document.
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La recherche de solutions alternatives à l’usage de pesticides en production horticole est devenue une exigence de santé publique. Ainsi, l’introduction de plantes de service (PdS) est une méthode écologique qui peut contribuer à diminuer le recours à la lutte chimique contre Myzus persicae, le puceron vert du pêcher. L’intérêt de certaines de ces PdS réside dans leur capacité à perturber l’installation du puceron sur son hôte et/ou à diminuer ses performances grâce à l’émission des composés organiques volatils (COV). Cependant, un obstacle majeur à leur utilisation est que leur efficacité se limite à un périmètre restreint et que leur production olfactive est sensible à de nombreuses variables biotiques et abiotiques. Identifier les plantes les plus performantes, comprendre leur mode d’action et chercher à optimiser leur efficacité est donc une démarche propre à favoriser leur emploi en horticulture. L’analyse de l’environnement olfactif est une clé pour évaluer et comprendre les interactions PdS-plante hôte-puceron.Au laboratoire, un typage avec un olfactomètre en Y a permis de sélectionner deux PdS émettrices de mélanges de COV ayant un effet répulsif marqué sur M. persicae : le basilic (Ocimum basilicum) qui agit directement sur l’insecte, et l’œillet d’Inde (Tagetes patula) qui agit indirectement via la plante hôte. Ainsi, les COV émis par T. patula rendent la plante-hôte (le poivron, Capsicum annuum) répulsive. En effet, lors des tests de choix, les pucerons s’orientent vers les poivrons seuls mais évitent les COV émis par des poivrons précédemment mis en culture associée pendant 5 jours avec l’œillet d’inde. Deux composés, le (E)-β-farnésène (EBF) et l'eugénol ont de fortes propriétés répulsives envers M. persicae.Différents facteurs peuvent affecter l’efficacité répulsive de ces plantes (climat, conduite, génétique). Nous avons comparé les COV émis selon les espèces et les chémotypes et testé l’effet répulsif individuel des COV. Cet effet « génotype » a été examiné en étudiant le comportement olfactif de M. persicae en présence des COV individuels émis par différents clones de Romarin (Rosmarinus officinalis). Cinq composés sont répulsifs, l’acétate de bornyle, le camphre, l’α-terpinéol, le terpinène-4-ol et le géranyle acétone. Seul le clone de romarin Voltz Splindler s’est avéré répulsif, alors que les autres clones contiennent également ces 5 composés répulsifs mais dans des proportions différentes. On peut donc conclure que la présence de ces composés ne suffit pas à induire une perturbation du comportement olfactif du puceron et que la concentration, la proportion, voire l’association des COV présents dans les bouquets olfactifs libérés, sont à l’origine de ces résultats contrastés. Par la technique d’électropénétrographie (EPG), nous avons mis en évidence un deuxième effet des COV émis par O. basilicum au stade végétatif et par T. patula au stade floraison sur le puceron. Ils perturbent fortement son comportement alimentaire, en réduisant notamment la durée d’ingestion du phloème qui se traduit par une baisse des ressources nutritionnelles et aboutit à une diminution de sa fécondité. Un suivi de la fécondité sur organe détaché nous a permis de mettre en évidence l’importance du stade phénologique de la PdS sur la composition et l’efficacité du mélange olfactif libéré. Une dernière étape de mon travail a permis de confirmer dans des conditions de cultures sous tunnels, l’effet de COV émis par ces deux PdS sur la démographie de M. persicae liée à une baisse de sa fécondité.En conclusion, cette thèse a mis en évidence que les COV émis dans l’environnement d’une plante hôte par des plantes voisines peuvent fournir un service aux cultures en réduisant les performances de ravageurs tels que M. persicae. Nous avons montré que des variables comme le chémotype ou le stade phénologique de la PdS peuvent modifier son message olfactif et constituer un moyen d’optimiser ce serviceThe search for alternatives to the use of pesticides in horticultural production has become a public health requirement. Thus, the introduction of Companion plants (CP) is an ecological method that can help reduce the use of chemical control against Myzus persicae, the green peach aphid. The interest of some of these CP lies in their ability to disturb the installation of the aphid on its host plant and/or to reduce its performance through the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, a major obstacle to their use is that their effectiveness is limited to a limited scope and their olfactory production is sensitive to many biotic and abiotic variables. Identifying the most efficient plants, understanding their mode of action and seeking to optimize their effectiveness is therefore an appropriate approach to promote their use in horticulture. Olfactory environment analysis is a key to assessing and understanding CP-host plant -aphid interactions.In the laboratory, we selected with a Y-olfactometer two CP producing VOC mixtures with a marked repellent effect on M. persicae: basil (Ocimum basilicum) which acts directly on the insect, and french marigold (Tagetes patula) which acts indirectly via the host plant. Thus, the VOCs emitted by T. patula make the host plant (pepper, Capsicum annuum) repellent: during the choice tests, the aphids move towards the peppers alone but avoid the VOCs emitted by peppers previously grown intercropped for 5 days with the french marigold. Two compounds, (E)-β-farnesene (EBF) and eugenol have strong repellent properties against M. persicae.Different factors can affect the repellent effectiveness of these plants (climate, plant management, genetics). We compared the VOCs emitted by species and chemotypes and tested the individual repellent effect of VOCs. This "genotype" effect was examined by studying the olfactory behaviour of M. persicae in the presence of individual VOCs emitted by different clones of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Five compounds are repellent, bornyl acetate, camphor, α-terpineol, terpinene-4-ol and geranyl acetone. Only the rosemary clone Voltz Splindler was found to be repellent, while the other clones also contain these 5 repellent compounds in varying proportions. It can therefore be concluded that the presence of these compounds is not sufficient to induce a disturbance of the aphid's olfactory behaviour and that the concentration, proportion or even association of VOCs present in the released olfactory bouquets are at the origin of these contrasting results. By the electropenetrography (EPG) technique, we have demonstrated a second effect of the VOCs emitted by O. basilicum in the vegetative stage and by T. patula in the flowering stage on the aphid. They strongly disrupt its feeding behaviour, in particular by reducing the duration of phloem ingestion, which results in a decrease in nutritional resources and leads to a decrease in its fertility. A fertility monitoring on detached organs has allowed us to highlight the importance of the phenological stage of the CP on the composition and efficacy of the olfactory mixture released. A final step in my work confirmed, under tunnel conditions, the effect of VOCs emitted by these two CP on the demographics of M. persicae due to a decrease in its fertility. In conclusion, this thesis highlighted that VOCs emitted into the environment of a host plant by neighbouring plants can provide a service to crops by reducing the performance of pests such as M. persicae. We have shown that variables such as chemotype or phenological stage of the CP can modify its olfactory message and provide a way to optimize this service. We have thus identified disruptive CP and VOCs repellent to M. persicae, the first step towards the development of the push component of a stimulodissuasive diversion strategy to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides against M. persicae
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Storer, John Robert Gerard. "An investigation into the natural plant resistance of autumn flowering chrysanthemums to the aphids Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii glover." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317636.
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Souza, Vanderlei de Paula [UNESP]. "Dinâmica populacional de Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) e Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) na região de Jaboticabal, SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91346.
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O trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a flutuação populacional de formas aladas e ápteras de Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) e Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843) e avaliar a influência de inimigos naturais, de fatores meteorológicos e a distribuição vertical dos pulgões em couve, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC., em Jaboticabal, SP. A amostragem de formas aladas e ápteras dos pulgões foi efetuada com armadilhas amarelas com água e coleta direta na parte aérea, enquanto os inimigos naturais foram averiguados por procura visual na parte aérea da couve e armadilhas de solo. As formas aladas dos pulgões começaram colonizar a couve em meados de maio, quando prevalesceram temperatura média de 22,6ºC, umidade relativa de 68,5% e ausência de precipitação pluviométrica. A colonização da couve por ápteros de L. erysimi iniciou-se quatro dias após a chegada dos indivíduos alados, para B. brassicae e M. persicae esse intervalo foi de 9 dias e 30 dias, respectivamente. As populações mais elevadas dos pulgões ocorreram na couve de julho a setembro, com os pulgões apresentando baixa atividade durante o verão e outono. Os ápteros de M. persicae predominaram nas folhas medianas da couve, o mesmo acontecendo com B. brassicae nas folhas apicais e L. erysimi nas basais. As aranhas, Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1775), Lebia concinna Brullé, 1837 e Diaeretiella rapae (Mc'Intosh, 1855) foram os inimigos naturais com maior potencial para controlarem as populações dos pulgões. A umidade relativa do ar foi o principal fator meteorológico a atuar sobre alados e ápteros dos pulgões, com a densidade populacional desses insetos diminuindo com o incremento da umidade.
The objectives of this work were to determine the populational fluctuations of alate and apterous Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843), and to evaluate the influence of natural enemies, meteorological factors and the within-plant distributions of aphids in kale, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC., cultivated in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State. Alate and apterous aphids were sampled by yellow traps of water and visual search, while natural enemies were checked by visual search of the aerial parts of kale and pitfall traps. The alate aphids began to colonize the kale crop in mid May, when prevailed medium temperature of 22.6ºC, relative humidity of 68.5% and absence of rainfall. Apterous L. erysimi began to colonize the kale crop four days after the arrival of first alate individuals, while for B. brassicae and M. persicae that interval were 9 days and 30 days, respectively. The highest populations of the aphids in the crop were observed from July to September, and they showed low activity during the summer and fall. Apterous M. persicae prevailed on the middle leaves of kale, the same were observed for B. brassicae and L. erysimi on top and basal leaves, respectively. The natural enemies that showed the greatest potential to regulate the aphid populations were: spiders, Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1775), Lebia concinna Brullé, 1837 and Diaeretiella rapae (Mc'Intosh, 1855). The relative humidity of the air was the major meteorological factor to act on alate and apterous aphids, the population density of them decreased with the increment of that humidity.
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Souza, Vanderlei de Paula. "Dinâmica populacional de Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) e Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) na região de Jaboticabal, SP /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91346.
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Resumo: O trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a flutuação populacional de formas aladas e ápteras de Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) e Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843) e avaliar a influência de inimigos naturais, de fatores meteorológicos e a distribuição vertical dos pulgões em couve, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC., em Jaboticabal, SP. A amostragem de formas aladas e ápteras dos pulgões foi efetuada com armadilhas amarelas com água e coleta direta na parte aérea, enquanto os inimigos naturais foram averiguados por procura visual na parte aérea da couve e armadilhas de solo. As formas aladas dos pulgões começaram colonizar a couve em meados de maio, quando prevalesceram temperatura média de 22,6ºC, umidade relativa de 68,5% e ausência de precipitação pluviométrica. A colonização da couve por ápteros de L. erysimi iniciou-se quatro dias após a chegada dos indivíduos alados, para B. brassicae e M. persicae esse intervalo foi de 9 dias e 30 dias, respectivamente. As populações mais elevadas dos pulgões ocorreram na couve de julho a setembro, com os pulgões apresentando baixa atividade durante o verão e outono. Os ápteros de M. persicae predominaram nas folhas medianas da couve, o mesmo acontecendo com B. brassicae nas folhas apicais e L. erysimi nas basais. As aranhas, Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1775), Lebia concinna Brullé, 1837 e Diaeretiella rapae (Mc'Intosh, 1855) foram os inimigos naturais com maior potencial para controlarem as populações dos pulgões. A umidade relativa do ar foi o principal fator meteorológico a atuar sobre alados e ápteros dos pulgões, com a densidade populacional desses insetos diminuindo com o incremento da umidade.Abstract: The objectives of this work were to determine the populational fluctuations of alate and apterous Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843), and to evaluate the influence of natural enemies, meteorological factors and the within-plant distributions of aphids in kale, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC., cultivated in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State. Alate and apterous aphids were sampled by yellow traps of water and visual search, while natural enemies were checked by visual search of the aerial parts of kale and pitfall traps. The alate aphids began to colonize the kale crop in mid May, when prevailed medium temperature of 22.6ºC, relative humidity of 68.5% and absence of rainfall. Apterous L. erysimi began to colonize the kale crop four days after the arrival of first alate individuals, while for B. brassicae and M. persicae that interval were 9 days and 30 days, respectively. The highest populations of the aphids in the crop were observed from July to September, and they showed low activity during the summer and fall. Apterous M. persicae prevailed on the middle leaves of kale, the same were observed for B. brassicae and L. erysimi on top and basal leaves, respectively. The natural enemies that showed the greatest potential to regulate the aphid populations were: spiders, Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1775), Lebia concinna Brullé, 1837 and Diaeretiella rapae (Mc'Intosh, 1855). The relative humidity of the air was the major meteorological factor to act on alate and apterous aphids, the population density of them decreased with the increment of that humidity.
Orientador: Francisco Jorge Cividanes
Coorientador: Júlio César Galli
Banca: César Freire Carvalho
Banca: Carlos Amadeu Leite de Oliveira
Mestre
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Qayyum, Abdul. "Comparative behavioural studies on two closely related aphid parasitoids, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) and Aphidius colemani (Viereck) sharing the same host species, Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302322.
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Jackson, A. E. M. "Sub-lethal effects of some pyrethroid insecticides on the biology and behaviour of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354401.
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Wadleigh, Richard Walter. "Reduced oxidative metabolism as a resistance mechanism in parathion-resistant strains of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Aphidae: Hemiptera) from Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487262513410293.
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Mu, Chia-hong, and 穆家宏. "The variability of life table of Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59219387839344049663.
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碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系
87
The Variability of Life Table of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) Abstract In order to understand the effect of different host plants on population growth, life history data of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata, L.), kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, DC.), leaf mustard (Brassica juncea Coss) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) are analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The population parameters such as intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, net reproductive rate and mean generation time are estimated by using Jackknife technique. The finite rate of increase of M. persicae on cabbage, kale, leaf mustard and radish is 1.33/day, 1.30/day, 1.37/day and 1.42/day, respectively. The finite rate of increase of M. persicae on cabbage is not significantly different from that on kale. However, there are significant difference among other finite rate of increase. The net reproductive rate is 52.7(offspring/♀), 31.4(offspring/♀), 40.6(offspring/♀) and 40.4(offspring/♀), respectively. The mean generation time is 14.5 days, 13.2 days, 11.9 days and 10.5 days, respectively.
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NI, XIU-HUA, and 倪秀華. "Insecticide resistance in Myzus persicae (sulzer) on tobacco in Taiwan." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54443259117309727292.
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Kuo, Mei-Hwa, and 郭美華. "Population ecology of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) n radish and cabbage." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60529020889345225631.
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博士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系
83
Occurrence and emergence rate of alate of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were influenced by temperature and initial apterous female density. Nutrition, high and low temperatures might suppress occurrence of alate individuals. The emergence rate of alate aphids was highest at 15℃.The population growth time was always shortest at high initial density of 16 aphids/leaf when tested with various temperatures. Usually the highest peak occurred at about 20 days after starting the population growth, however, peaks took longer time at low temperatures and reached earlier at high temperatures. The intraspecific competition was a scramble one. The protein content in the body of the green peach aphid was measured to be 4%∼8%, and raised with increase of temperature and declined with aphid age. The protein content was affected by temperature and population growth of aphid. The aphid population growth was hampered by high temperature at 30℃, the body weight of adult reduced to the lightest. Both M. persicae and the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), were found coexisted and clumped distribution in the fields. The peaks of population of both species appeared in November. Following the high population density, the field populations of aphids were heavily parasitized by parasitoids in December. The developmental time of immature stage of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead decreased with rise of temperature. The rates of pupation and adult emergence were highest at 20℃. In field population, the emergence rate was 57∼65%. The female sex ratio was 77.2∼78.1%. The developmental duration of the immature stage of Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouche) required as long as 22.67 days at 15℃ and as shortest as 7.20 days at 30℃. The Tb of the hyperparasite was significantly higher than the parasitoid, whereas the parasitoid Tb value was higher than that of its host aphid.
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Yang, Dah-Jyi, and 楊大吉. "Demographic Analysis and Comuter Simulation of the Predator- Prey Between Prepylaea japonica Thunberg and Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09249579675805365695.
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碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系
82
The predator-prey relationship between Propylaea japonicaand Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is analyzed based on the age-stage, two- sex life table theory. The means and standard errors of the intrinsic rate of increase, the net reproductive rate, and the mean generation time for P. japonica and M. persicae are calculated by using the jackknife method. The intrinsic rates of increase for P. japonica fed on aphids of mixed stages is 0.1142/day, while the intrinsic rate of increase for that fed on aphids of the third nymphal stage is 0.1253/day. the intrinstic rate of increase for M. persicae is 0.3963/day. The age-stage specific predation rates of P. japonica were calculated based on the two-sex life table theory as well. The net predation rate of P. japonica is 1199 aphids/individual. Both of predation experiments and computer simulation showed that the non-predatory stage of predator represent "time refuge" for prey. Predation study based on the age-stage, two- sex life table revealed the detailed fluctuation of both predator and prey population.
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Hsieh, Bao-Ying, and 謝寶瑩. "Predator-Prey Relationship between Oenopia sauzeti Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae): a Demographic Approach." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46866089039494827019.
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碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
100
The life table of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) reared on Brassica oleracea L. was studied under the greenhouse condition, and the average temperature and humidity during the study were 17.3 ± 1 oC and 78 ± 10% RH from 2011 January to March. The study of life table and predation rate of Oenopia sauzeti Mulsant fed on M. persicae were conducted in a growth chamber at 25oC, 65% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. The raw data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table to take both sexes and the variable developmental rate among individuals into consideration. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) for M. persicae was 0.2278 d-1 in the greenhouse. For O. sauzeti, the intrinsic rate of increase (r) , finite rate of increase (λ), net reproduction rate (R0), mean generation time (T), and gross reproduction rate (GRR) were 0.1431 d-1, 1.1538 d-1, 378.1 offspring, 41.5 d, and 422.4 offspring, respectively. The mean consumption rate of O. sauzeti for larval stage, female adult, and male adult were 308.7 ± 6.6, 2642.7 ±147.7, and 3090.1 ±79.6 aphids, respectively. The net predation rate (C0) was 3127.9 aphids per individual of O. sauzeti.
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Su, Haw-Yuan, and 蘇澔元. "Demographic analysis and computer simulation of the predator-prey relationship between aphidius gifuensis ashmead and myzus persicae (sulzer)." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26409260997507536360.
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Zen, Kuen-Muh, and 鄭坤木. "Life table, Interspecific Interaction and Computer Simulation on Control Timing of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring and Myzus persicae (Sulzer)." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33115796286306264647.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系
88
Based on the age-stage, two-sex life table, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the net reproductive rate (R0) and the mean generation time (T) for silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenk) at 26℃are 0.142day-1, 99.1 offspring/female and 32.4 days, respectively. The population parameters for the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)) (Homoptera: Aphididae) are 0.283 day-1, 48.5 offspring/female and 13.7 days under the same condition. There are significant differences between population parameters of these two species. Based on the growth of both population in separation and mixture, there are exploitation competition as well as interference competition. Using the competition model based on the two-sex life table, simulation of the separated and mixed growth shows variation of weighing coefficient and susceptibility between these two species. M. persicae population suffered more in the mixed growth. Because of the susceptibility to control agents varied among life stage of insect, simulations of timing control of these two species are performed based on the two-sex life table.
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Aldamen, Hend [Verfasser]. "Abundanzen der Grünen Pfirsichblattlaus (Myzus persicae Sulzer) und der Grüngestreiften Kartoffelblattlaus (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas)an verschiedenen Kartoffelsorten / vorgelegt von Hend Aldamen." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1014132053/34.
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Kuo, Jing-Jr, and 過競之. "Effect of heat wave on the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) ( Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (M''intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17001174278437681995.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
昆蟲學系所
101
Extreme climate events, such as heat wave or drought, dramatically affect ecological components and are predicted to exacerbate under climate change. In this study, we assessed the effects of heat wave on the demography of the cosmopolitan species, green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and its parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (M''intosh) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), in subtropical and tropical Taiwan. Daily Temperature Cycle Oscillation (DTCO.) was used as the experimental temperature setting. The heat wave (DTCO. added on 5℃ for five days) occurred in 1st, 7th, 15th day (former, middle, and later periods) of the aphid life, and the parasitoid at host 2~3 stage nymphae faced heat wave or not. Developmental time, longevity, and fecundity of M. persicae were effected by heat wave. The heat wave delayed developmental time, and reduced longevity and fecundity, and none of them succeded in reproducing, and didn’t calculate the intrinsic rate of increase (r) in former periods. The population of M. persicae was negative growth in the middle periods. Although the population of M. persicae was positive growth in later period, its r value was reduced to half. There was no mummification and emergence of D. rapae during the heat wave. The results suggested green peach aphid’s population would decrease until the end of the environmental stress. The heat wave would impact D. rapae more than M. persicae, and, thus, parasitism between the aphids and their parasitoids may be altered.
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GUO, MEI-HUA, and 郭美華. "The life table of myzus persicae (sulzer) at various constant temperatures, its population fluctuation and the analysis of nitrogen content of host plants." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64657985217651876022.
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Arruda, Patrícia Melo. "Effect of multi-specific releases of Scymnus nubilus Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on biological control of Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/6158.
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Mestrado, Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, 30 de junho de 2021.Na Região Autónoma dos Açores, a Direção Regional dos Recursos Florestais é responsável pela produção em massa de plantas endémicas da Macaronésia com a finalidade de restaurar habitats naturais. No entanto, as plantas produzidas nos viveiros florestais são negativamente impactadas pela presença de afídeos. Os afídeos (Hemiptera: Aphididae) são, do ponto de vista fitossanitário, dos mais importantes problemas, dado que são capazes de afetar sistemas florestais e agrícolas, pois vivem em colónias de elevadas densidades, infligindo aos seus hospedeiros diversos efeitos, quer diretos quer indiretos. Com este estudo pretendemos contribuir, para o controlo biológico daquelas populações, avaliaando até que ponto as interações bióticas entre Scymnus nubilus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) e Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), numa estratégia de largadas multiespecíficas, poderão gerar impacto positivos, ou negativos, no controlo de populações de afídeos, em particular sobre Myzus persicae Sulzer como modelo biológico. Assim, foram realizados trabalhos laboratoriais para avaliar (i) o efeito das interações bióticas entre fêmeas adultas de A. colemani e o 4º instar larvar de S. nubilus e (ii) a preferência alimentar do 4º instar larvar de S. nubilus entre afídeos parasitados vs não parasitados. Os nossos resultados indicam que S. nubilus poder-se-á constituir como um eficiente agente de controlo biológico, especialmente em tratamentos conspecíficos, dado que a larva consome em média 50 ninfas de M. persicae em 24h. Nos testes interespecíficos verificou-se que S. nubilus interfere com o nível de parasitismo e demonstrou consumir afídeos parasitados e/ou interferência na atividade parasitária. Nos testes de preferência alimentar de S. nubilus, este demonstrou uma preferência tendencial por afídeos parasitados, o que pode dever-se à menor mobilidade e capacidade de defesa dos afídeos parasitados. Será importante num futuro próximo estudar estas interações em condições de campo.
ABSTRACT: In the Azores, the Regional Directorate for Forestry Resources is responsible for the mass production of Macaronesia endemic plants in nurseries conditions, which are later, used in restoration programs of native forestery habitats. However, almost of the plants species in the nurseries are heavily infested by aphid species affecting negatively their hosts. The aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae), from the phytosanitary point of view, major problem, capable of affecting forest and agricultural systems because they live in colonies densely populated, inflicting direct and direct and indirect damages on their hosts. With this study, we intend to explore the extent to which it is possible to implement a program of biological control to control aphid’s populations under a multi-specific release of two biological control agents, and using Myzus persicae Sulzer as target model. To this purpose, we evaluate the effects of biotic interactions between Scymnus nubilus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). This study has two major objectives; to assess (i) the effect of biotic interactions in intraspecific and interspecific treatments with 4th larval stage of S. nubilus and females of A. colemani and (ii) feeding preference of parasitized and non-parasitized aphids of M. persicae by 4th larval instar S. nubilus. Our results indicate that S. nubilus may be a suitable biological control agent, especially in conspecific treatments with two predators and a prey density of 80 aphis per larvae, once they consumed on average 50 nymph of M. persicae in 24h. In heterospecific tests, it was found that S. nubilus interferes with the level of parasitism and has shown to consume parasitized aphids and / or interfere with parasitic activity. In the food preference tests of S. nubilus, we showed a tendency towards parasitized aphids, which may be due to the lesser mobility and defense capacity of the parasitized aphids.
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Ayyanath, Murali Mohan. "Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Imidacloprid and Precocene on Green Peach Aphid, Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae): A Study of Hormesis at the Gene, Individual and Population Level." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/7425.
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Threshold and non-threshold linear models that govern toxicology are challenged by an alternative model, hormesis. It is defined as low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition from a stressor. Insecticide-induced hormesis has been studied in a plethora of insect-insecticide models at biochemical, individual and population levels. This research focuses on the effects of sublethal concentrations of insecticides on reproductive responses of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), at individual and population level besides regulation of stress, dispersal and developmental genes during hormesis.
In laboratory studies, irrespective of the duration and route of exposure, sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid induced stimulations in fecundity of M. persicae but the nature of response differed intra- and trans-generationally. Fitness tradeoffs could be rendered due to declined fecundity in successive generations. However, continuous exposure to sublethal concentrations does not compromise overall fitness trans-generationally, considering recovered levels of fecundity as controls in successive generations and the total reproduction after four generations. Greenhouse experiments affirmed uncompromised fitness where reproductive stimulations were noted in aphids exposed to imidacloprid treated potato plants.
Up- and down- regulation of stress, dispersal and developmental genes was noted during imidacloprid-induced hormesis in M. persicae that mirrored the reproductive responses in few instances. Global DNA methylation results emphasized the heritability of adapted traits trans-generationally via hypermethylation. Dispersal related genes (OSD, TOL and ANT) that are predominantly expressed in alates (about 2- to 5-fold) were affected in apterous aphids continuously exposed to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid.
No direct relation with the previously noted fecundity was established implying adaptive cellular stress response pathways might be triggered rather than normal regulatory processes due to low-dose imidacloprid exposure. At a biochemical level, a study noted that imidacloprid-induced hormesis concurrently stimulated juvenile hormone III (JH) production and fecundity in M. persicae. Precocene, an anti-JH, at sublethal concentrations induced reproductive stimulations in M. persicae. Gene regulation during precocene-induced hormesis mirrored imidacloprid results for few genes including FPPS, a JH precursor gene, with a higher magnitude of regulation.
Considering these stimulatory effects that insecticide-induced hormesis at various biological hierarchies, causes for pest resurgence, hormesis could have ramifications from declines in natural enemy population.
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Bejan, Mircea. "Études sur la résistance d'accessions de Solanum sauvages envers le puceron de la pomme de terre Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) et le puceron vert du pêcher Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Aphidae)." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4201/1/M9755.pdf.
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En partant d’études plus récentes qui visent à élucider de quelle façon des accessions de pommes de terre sauvages sont résistantes envers les pucerons, notamment le puceron de la pomme de terre, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), et le puceron vert du pêcher, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), et également envers le doryphore de la pomme, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on a choisi 16 variétés de Solanum sauvages. Il est important de noter dès le début, que pour la grande majorité de variétés de plantes utilisées dans notre étude, on avait des informations sur leur résistance envers les trois insectes ravageurs déjà nommés, mais pas nécessairement au niveau des accessions. On a mis en place deux dispositifs expérimentaux pour vérifier la résistance relative envers ces deux pucerons. Les deux dispositifs ont été déployés dans un champ qui faisait partie d’une ferme commerciale de pomme de terre, à 80 km au sud-est de Montréal. Le premier dispositif comportait 12 accessions de Solanum sauvages et un témoin, Solanum tuberosum, une variété commerciale. Les plantes ont été distribuées au hasard sur une ligne. La ligne a été répliquée trois fois. L’infestation des plantes a été faite de façon naturelle. Le comptage des pucerons et d’autres insectes trouvés sur les plantes a été effectué hebdomadairement. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que Solanum oplocense et Solanum tarijense semblent être plus vulnérables aux deux pucerons.
Le deuxième dispositif a été utilisé pour étudier les plantes et les pucerons en milieu semi-contrôlé. On a choisi 8 plantes, 7 accessions sauvages et une commerciale (témoin), qui ont été encagées et ensuite infestées avec 30 pucerons. Les pucerons trouvés sur chaque plante ont été comptés hebdomadairement pendant 6 semaines. On a observé que sur le témoin, les populations des deux pucerons augmentent progressivement et atteignent le maximum dans la quatrième semaine, avec une moyenne de 6460 pucerons de la pomme de terre et 7790 pucerons vert du pêcher. Par contre, sur les autres accessions sauvages, les pucerons se sont établis en plus faibles populations. Par exemple, sur Solanum polyadenium, le maximum a été atteint à la cinquième semaine quand il y avait en moyenne 250 M. euphorbiae et 298 M. persicae. Toutes les variétés sauvages utilisées ont démontré des niveaux différents de résistance envers les deux pucerons; S. polyadenium a été trouvé très résistante, S. tarijense résistante et S. pinnatisectum susceptible d’être résistante. La colonisation de la même variété de plante, par chaque espèce de pucerons a été relativement similaire. La densité des morphes ailés a été un bon indicateur de traits de résistance. Ces résultats démontrent le potentiel de résistance de certaines accessions de pommes de terre sauvages. Quelques variétés qui présentaient de la résistance envers le doryphore, présentent aussi de la résistance envers les deux pucerons. Une nouvelle méthode pour sélectionner les plantes qui présentent des traits potentiels de résistance envers les pucerons a été mise en place.
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MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Solanum sauvages, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbia, résistance
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(9778178), Lafta Atshan. "Multispectral and thermal imagery approaches to insect pest and disease detection in horticultural crops." Thesis, 2021. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Multispectral_and_thermal_imagery_approaches_to_insect_pest_and_disease_detection_in_horticultural_crops/19919891.
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Early identification and control of insect pests and diseases is a key aspect of profitable crop production, especially for high input, high value horticultural crops. Remote sensing approaches using sensor technologies to detect insect pests and diseases have been previously demonstrated in a range of field crops and were researched in this project as a tool for plant health monitoring in chilli crops. A methodology for image capture using a multispectral camera mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and image processing based on distribution of individual pixel values in collected images was developed. This methodology was demonstrated to be as effective as manual crop scouting in early detection of insect pest and disease affected plants within a crop but could be automated to significantly reduce the cost of crop health monitoring.
Initial method development trials demonstrated that detectable changes in NDVI, but not temperature changes measured using a thermal camera, occurred on leaves affected by bacterial spot disease before obvious visible symptoms were apparent. Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xeu)) is a ubiquitous disease infecting field-grown chilli crops, particularly during warm and humid conditions, and symptoms of infection were not apparent until about 7 days after inoculation of leaves with the pathogen. The age of inoculated leaves did not significantly affect the rate of change of NDVI. Non-inoculated leaves tended to have a lower NDVI value on plants with a greater number of inoculated leaves than on plants with none or few inoculated leaves.
iii
Aphids Myzus persicae (Sulzer) cause significant damage to chilli crops both directly via feeding on the host plant and indirectly as vectors for virus transmission. Reflectance data, obtained by multispectral, hyperspectral and thermal sensors, showed that the reflectance of aphid infested leaves in near infrared wavelengths decreased with time as the aphid population infesting a leaf increased.
Remote sensing data acquired from low-altitude UAV flights deliver high spectral and spatial resolutions, with sufficient pixels representing individual leaf reflectance to allow detection of changes occurring when disease infection or insect pest infestation first occurs in part of a plant. This capacity for detection at early infection/infestation stage is crucial for effective management in high value horticultural crops. Conventional remote sensing approaches may detect changes occurring at a whole plant or region within a crop but lack the resolution capacity to readily detect changes at the sub-plant level. A five-band multispectral camera (MicaSense, RedEdge) and a low-altitude (15m) airborne platform provided adequate data, recording changes in reflectance imagery. The effectiveness of multispectral imagery decreased as flight altitude increased. The project has demonstrated that early identification of insect pest and pathogen-induced plant stress in chilli crops can be achieved using a methodology that can be automated to deliver a low-cost strategy for horticultural producers