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1

Dean, Christopher, and Ernst Horn. "A hard, high-carbon, lignomor with conchoidal fracture: Cunnite, from mature myrtle beech (Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook. f.) Oerst.)." Geoderma 333 (January 2019): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.006.

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2

Yazaki, Yoshikazu. "Wood Colors and their Coloring Matters: A Review." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 3 (March 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000332.

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A number of colored specialty woods, such as ebony, rosewood, mahogany and amboyna, and commercially important woods, such as morus, logwood, Brazilwood, Japanese yellowwood, blackwood, kwila, red beech and myrtle beech, exhibit a wide range of colors from black, violet, dark red, reddish brown, to pale yellow. These colors are not only due to colored pigments contained in extractives from those woods but also to insoluble polymers. Wood and bark from many species of both hardwood and softwood trees contain many types of flavonoid compounds. Research on flavonoids has been conducted mainly from two points of view. The first is chemotaxonomy with flavonoid compounds as taxonomic markers, and the second relates to the utilization of woods for pulp and paper and the use of tannins from bark for wood adhesives. Most chemotaxonomic studies have been conducted on flavonoids in the extracts from softwoods such as Podocarpus, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Larix, Taxus, Libocedrus, Tsuja, Taxodium, Sequoia, Cedrus, Tsuga, Abies and Picea. Hardwood chemotaxonomic studies include those on Prunus and Eucalyptus species. Studies on flavonoids in pulp and paper production were conducted on Eucalyptus woods in Australia and woods from Douglas fir in the USA and larch in Japan. Flavonoids as tannin resources from black wattle tannin and quebracho tannin have been used commercially as wood adhesives. Flavonoids in the bark from radiata pine and southern pine, from western and eastern hemlock, southern red oak and Quercus dentata are also discussed. In addition, the distribution of flavonoids among tree species is described, as is the first isolation of rare procyanidin glycosides in nature.
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3

Lindenmayer, D. B., B. G. Mackey, R. B. Cunningham, C. F. Donnelly, I. C. Mullen, M. A. McCarthy, and A. M. Gill. "Factors affecting the presence of the cool temperate rain forest tree myrtle beech (Nothofagus cunninghamii) in southern Australia: integrating climatic, terrain and disturbance predictors of distribution patterns." Journal of Biogeography 27, no. 4 (July 2000): 1001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00443.x.

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4

Polly, Drew. "Myrtle Beach boardwalk." Teaching Children Mathematics 18, no. 8 (April 2012): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.18.8.0468.

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This department showcases students' in-depth thinking and work on problems previously published in TCM. Five teachers report on their students' responses to the April 2011 problem scenario, which has students use familiar fact families to help determine inequalities.
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5

Walton, John K. "Myrtle Beach: a history, 1900–1980." Journal of Tourism History 4, no. 3 (November 2012): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755182x.2012.720133.

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6

Geissele, Al. "Sunrise Over Myrtle Beach, South Carolina." Spine 38, no. 14 (June 2013): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e31829be4aa.

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7

Libes, Susan, J. Michael Trapp, Scott Kindelberger, and Danielle Doremus. "Long Bay Hypoxia Monitoring Consortium." Journal of South Carolina Water Resources, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/jscwr.01.04.

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In October 2011, the coastal municipalities of North Myrtle Beach, Myrtle Beach, Surfside, and Horry County signed a resolution, under the aegis of their Coastal Alliance of mayors, to develop and implement the Long Bay Hypoxia Monitoring Consortium. The goal of this consortium is to support monitoring and studies that further characterize hypoxia and its causes in Long Bay. The baseline data will enable assessments of water quality management efforts. Monitoring stations are to be maintained at three piers, Cherry Grove (NMB), Apache (Horry County), and Second Ave N. Pier (Myrtle Beach). Turbidity and chlorophyll sensors will be deployed at two piers and radon detectors at three piers. All piers will have weather stations. Data will be accessible via a real-time public website. Biological responses to low dissolved oxygen (DO) will be assessed via monitoring of larval recruitment and net plankton. The S.C. Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) is also conducting creel surveys at the piers. These efforts are being coordinated with a marine education outreach campaign that includes signage at the piers, presentations at pier events, and web-based content.
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8

Neet, Matthew J., R. Heath Kelsey, Dwayne E. Porter, Dan W. Ramage, and Adrian B. Jones. "Model Results and Software Comparisons in Myrtle Beach, SC Using Virtual Beach and R Regression Toolboxes." Journal of South Carolina Water Resources, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/jscwr.02.09.

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Utilizing R software and a variety of data sources, daily forecasts of bacteria levels were developed and automated for beach waters in Myrtle Beach, SC. Modeled results are then shown for beach locations via a website and mobile device app. While R provides a robust set of tools for use in forecast modeling, the software has an extensive learning curve and requires skilled statistical interpretation of results. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created the “Virtual Beach” software package to address these concerns. To evaluate the utility of the more user-friendly Virtual Beach modeling toolbox, predictive models were developed and model results were analyzed using the two software suites. Recommendations were made based on ease of use and several performance measures. Model results indicate the two software toolboxes yield comparable outputs. However, Virtual Beach tends to create more robust model forecasts, while R provides more options for model setup and outputs.
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9

Fite, Kelby, E. Thomas Smiley, John McIntyre, and Christina Wells. "Evaluation of a Soil Decompaction and Amendment Process for Urban Trees." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2011.038.

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Researchers investigated the effects of a soil decompaction and amendment process (AFM) and its individual components (air tillage, fertilizer, and mulch) on soil properties at four urban sites: Anderson, South Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. At each site, 50 red maples (Acer rubrum) were growing on compacted and/or nutrient-poor soils whose pretreatment bulk densities ranged from 1.14 to 1.74 g/cm3. Treatments were applied in the autumn and winter of 2005–2006, and measurements were taken through the end of 2008. The AFM treatment significantly reduced soil strength relative to control at all sites in 2006. There were significant treatment × location interactions in all years, with higher bulk density sites (Anderson and Myrtle Beach) showing the greatest magnitude and duration of response. The AFM and mulch treatments generally increased soil organic matter content, while air tillage alone significantly lowered soil organic matter content in Pittsburgh. At most sites, the AFM treatment was more effective than surface fertilizer application at improving soil fertility. AFM and mulched plots had significantly higher soil water content than other plots during periods of summer drought. Overall, AFM was effective in improving soils beneath established trees, and mulching was the most beneficial of the individual treatments.
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10

Pastore, Douglas M., Richard N. Peterson, Diane B. Fribance, Richard Viso, and Erin E. Hackett. "Hydrodynamic Drivers of Dissolved Oxygen Variability within a Tidal Creek in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina." Water 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2019): 1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081723.

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Beach erosion and water quality degradation have been observed in Singleton Swash, a tidal creek that traverses the beach-face connecting land and ocean in Myrtle Beach, SC. The objective of this study in Singleton Swash is to explore relationships between water quality and hydrodynamics, where the latter are influenced by beach face morphology. We measure water velocities, water levels, and dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) (a proxy for water quality) and apply correlation analysis to examine the relationships between physical processes and dissolved oxygen variations. Results show that larger tidal ranges are associated with higher mean levels of DO in the tidal creek. The larger tidal ranges are linked to larger magnitude currents, which increase both the DO transport via larger fluxes of oxygenated oceanic water into the swash and the magnitude of Reynolds shear stresses; due to tidal asymmetries, flood currents are stronger than ebb currents in this system. Based on these results, it is concluded that the combined transport of oxygenated waters into the tidal creek from the ocean on large flood tides and subsequent mixing due to large Reynolds shear stresses result in the observed net DO concentration increases in the creek over tidal cycles.
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11

Petropoulos, Alexandros, Vasilios Kapsimalis, Niki Evelpidou, Anna Karkani, and Katerina Giannikopoulou. "Simulation of the Nearshore Sediment Transport Pattern and Beach Morphodynamics in the Semi-Enclosed Bay of Myrtos, Cephalonia Island, Ionian Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081015.

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Myrtos Beach (Cephalonia Island, Ionian Sea, Greece) represents a pocket beach with strong touristic, economic and natural interest. In this research, the morphodynamic behavior of the coastal area (e.g., hydrodynamic and sedimentary state, morphology, orientation, etc.), the current wave conditions (extreme and dominant waves, wave exposure), and also external factors, such as human impact and the geotechnical condition of the wider area, are examined. Short- and medium-to-long-term analysis took place, such as mapping, sediment analysis, wave/wind analysis, numerical modeling, and satellite monitoring, in order to identify the dynamic forcing parameters related to geomorphology, sedimentology, and hydrology that prevail in the area. Additionally, the intense tectonics, the karstified limestones, and the steep slopes of the cliffs in combination with the frequent seismic events on the island set up a geotechnically unstable area, which often cause landslides on the beach of Myrtos; these supply the beach with a large amount of aggregates, constituting the main sediment supply. Wave exposure forcing conditions, longshore–rip current direction, and other hydrodynamic processes are stable with high values in the area, causing notable sediment transport within the bay boundaries. As a result, at Myrtos Bay there is a dynamic balance of the natural system, which is directly affected by human interventions. Taking also into consideration that Myrtos is one of the most famous beaches in Greece and one of the main attractions of Cephalonia Island with thousands of visitors every year, beach management must be focused on preserving the natural system of the coastal area.
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12

Gold, Barry S., and Pamela Pyle. "Successful Treatment of Neurotoxic King Cobra Envenomation in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina." Annals of Emergency Medicine 32, no. 6 (December 1998): 736–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(98)70075-7.

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13

Anderson, Ethan, Daniel (Duke) Brantley, Camelia C. Knapp, Bradley Battista, Paul Gayes, and Christina Maschmeyer. "Geomorphological Assessment of the North Myrtle Beach (SC) Continental Shelf for Wind Energy Development." Southeastern Geographer 58, no. 2 (2018): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2018.0021.

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14

Maglione, Anthony C. "PRE AND POST DEVELOPMENT NON-POINT SOURCE LOADING STUDY BAREFOOT LANDING RESORT, MYRTLE BEACH, SC." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2003, no. 4 (January 1, 2003): 1767–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864703784828147.

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15

London, James B., and Claudio R. Volonté. "Land use implications of sea level rise: A case study at myrtle beach, South Carolina." Coastal Management 19, no. 2 (January 1991): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920759109362139.

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16

Wong, Jason C. Y. "Aviation Connectivity Impacts on Regional Economies in the United States." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 29 (November 29, 2018): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118799704.

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This paper uses applied microeconomics techniques to investigate the impact of aviation connectivity on 548 regional economies in the United States. Using lagged socioeconomic variables to instrument for future aviation connectivity, the paper finds a significant impact of connectivity on long-run economic growth. An increase of 100 in the city’s Global Connectivity Index is associated with an increase in long-term total personal income of the city by up to $254,350,000, and up to 613 more jobs. For a city like Myrtle Beach, SC, with a connectivity index close to the mean connectivity levels of core-based statistical areas, a 100-point increase in the index represents a 1.03% increase in air connectivity. The paper also finds evidence suggesting that the impact of connectivity on regional economies is significantly more pronounced in the largest 100 cities, whereas these effects vanish in smaller cities.
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17

Earnest, Steve. "The East/West Dialectic in German Actor Training." New Theatre Quarterly 26, no. 1 (February 2010): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x10000096.

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In this article Steve Earnest discusses contemporary approaches to performance training in Germany, comparing the content and methods of selected programmes from the former Federal Republic of Germany to those of the former German Democratic Republic. The Hochschule für Musik und Theater Rostock and the University of the Arts in Berlin are here utilized as primary sources, while reference is also made to the Bayerische Theater-akademie ‘August Everding’ Prinzregententheater in Munich, the Hochschule für Musik und Theater ‘Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy’ in Leipzig, and Justus Leibig Universität in Giessen. The aim is to provide insight into theatre-training processes in Germany and to explore how these relate to the national characteristics that have emerged since reunification. Steve Earnest is Associate Professor of Theatre at Coastal Carolina University in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. His publications include The State Acting Academy of East Berlin (Mellen Press, 1999) and articles in Performer Training (Harwood Publishers, 2001), New Theatre Quarterly, Theatre Journal, and Western European Stages.
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18

Lampropoulou, Paraskevi, Vayia Xanthopoulou, Małgorzata Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi, Petros Petrounias, Elena Zoumpouli, George Iliopoulos, and Stavros Kalaitzidis. "Characterization of Siliceous Nodules in Western Kefalonia Ιsland Greece: An Initial Approach to Their Formation and Diagenetic Characteristics." Minerals 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12010101.

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In this study, siliceous nodules from the world-famous Myrtos beach, as well as from Avithos beach, in the western flanks of Kefalonia Island in Greece are examined by means of petrographical, mineralogical, geochemical and micropaleontological methods. The objectives of this study are to characterize the textural and compositional features of the nodules, with the aim to provide an initial interpretation of their origin and their diagenetic evolution. The studied siliceous nodules are hosted within Lower Cretaceous thin-bedded limestones at Myrtos and Upper Eocene limestones at Avithos. Nodules from both areas display a characteristic concentric texture at a macroscopic and microscopic scale. They both have a dense fine-grained siliceous sedimentary fabric, composed mainly of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz and moganite with common residual calcite in the case of Avithos. These results, and in particular the shape of the nodules, along the textural and compositional characteristics, indicate different conditions of formation in the two localities, both during the early epigenetic stages, as well as later during the diagenetic processes. Myrtos nodules originated from Si-precursors deposited in a pelagic environment, going through intense Si-replacement. Avithos nodules were deposited in a more proximal environment, being influenced by a less intense silicification. Nevertheless, the higher degree of recrystallization of Avithos samples indicates a syn- or post-diagenetic tectonic activity that resulted in the circulation of geothermal fluids. The conclusions drawn from this work demonstrate the usefulness of thorough studies of siliceous nodules in order to get a more comprehensive understanding of the initial depositional conditions, as well as diagenetic pathways and processes.
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19

Legut, Nicholas A., Brandon T. Hawkins, and Angelos K. Hannides. "The Role of a Permeable Sand Column in Modifying Tidal Creek Nutrient Inputs into the Coastal Ocean." Water 12, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 3079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113079.

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Estuarine tidal creeks are an important conduit for freshwater run-off into the coastal ocean. In Long Bay, South Carolina, tidal creeks terminate in swashes—broad sandy fields constantly reworked by discharged creek water. We examined the role of a highly permeable sandy column in altering the nutrient loading of the passing water at Singleton Swash, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Seasonal transects along the swash’s primary channel documented gradients in physical and biogeochemical parameters. The nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were higher in the sediment than in the overlying water, consistent with coastal sediments as a major site of organic matter degradation, nutrient regeneration, and benthic primary productivity. Oxygen, nutrient, and chlorophyll concentrations exhibited a strong seasonal component, explained by a photosynthesis–respiration balance shift between summer and winter. The conservative mixing model approach to elucidate the sink–source patterns was moderately informative due to the lack of a gradual salinity gradient from land to ocean, due to substantial tidal flushing and observable nutrient-rich surface freshwater discharges along the channel that fueled substantial submerged aquatic macroalgal growth. Future studies should focus on the role of benthic photosynthesizers, both microbial and macroalgal, in retaining land-derived nutrients in irrigation freshwater inputs prior to them reaching the coastal ocean.
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20

Hollin, John T., and Paul J. Hearty. "South Carolina Interglacial Sites and Stage 5 Sea Levels." Quaternary Research 33, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90081-u.

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AbstractAmino acid and other studies have been made on the 30-km Pleistocene sections of the Intracoastal Waterway between Myrtle Beach and Little River, South Carolina. Our ratios differentiate the long-established Waccamaw (oldest), Canepatch, and Socastee formations. The ratios from the four laboratories that have worked in this area agree very well, and apparent conflicts with U-series dates may merely reflect an abundance of reworked corals. Our amino acid correlations with U-series coral dates in South Carolina, Bermuda, and the Mediterranean all argue that the classical Canepatch and its Horry Clay date from isotope stage 5e and not, as has been implied, from stage 7, 9, 11, or 13. Excavations and erosion have increased position-fixing problems along the Waterway, and “Canepatch” amino acid ratios and U-series dates (460,000 ± 100,000 yr B.P.) at “ICW5” may be from an older unit. The Canepatch shows the double marine transgression visible in many stage 5e deposits. Pollen shows that the second transgression occurred late in the interglaciation, and stratigraphic studies show that it reached 14 m. It therefore fits very well Antarctic ice-surge models of stage 5 sea level and climate. The Socastee adds to the evidence for one or more sea levels above 0 m late in stage 5.
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21

Dusek, Gregory, Christopher DiVeglio, Louis Licate, Lorraine Heilman, Katie Kirk, Christopher Paternostro, and Ashley Miller. "A Meteotsunami Climatology along the U.S. East Coast." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 7 (July 2019): 1329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0206.1.

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AbstractMeteotsunamis are atmospherically forced ocean waves with characteristics similar to seismic tsunamis. Several recent hazardous meteotsunamis resulted in damage and injuries along U.S. coastlines, such that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is investigating ways to detect and forecast meteotsunamis to provide advance warning. Better understanding meteotsunami occurrence along U.S. coastlines is a necessary step to pursue these objectives. Here a meteotsunami climatology of the U.S. East Coast is presented. The climatology relies on a wavelet analysis of 6-min water-level observations from 125 NOAA tide gauges from 1996 to 2017. A total of 548 meteotsunamis, or about per year, were identified and assessed using this approach along the U.S. East Coast. There were a total of 30 instances when gauges observed waves of more than 0.6 m, which is assumed to be a potentially impactful event, and several cases with wave heights more than 1 m. Tide gauges along the open coast observed the most frequent events, including more than five events per year at Atlantic City, New Jersey; Duck, North Carolina; and Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The largest waves were observed by gauges in estuaries that amplified the meteotsunami signal, such as those in Providence, Rhode Island, and Port Canaveral, Florida. Seasonal trends indicate that meteotsunamis occur most frequently in the winter and summer months, especially July. This work supports future meteotsunami detection and warning capabilities at NOAA, including the development of an impact catalog to aid National Weather Service forecasters.
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22

Clare, Mariana C. A., Tim W. B. Leijnse, Robert T. McCall, Ferdinand L. M. Diermanse, Colin J. Cotter, and Matthew D. Piggott. "Multilevel multifidelity Monte Carlo methods for assessing uncertainty in coastal flooding." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): 2491–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2491-2022.

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Abstract. When choosing an appropriate hydrodynamic model, there is always a compromise between accuracy and computational cost, with high-fidelity models being more expensive than low-fidelity ones. However, when assessing uncertainty, we can use a multifidelity approach to take advantage of the accuracy of high-fidelity models and the computational efficiency of low-fidelity models. Here, we apply the multilevel multifidelity Monte Carlo method (MLMF) to quantify uncertainty by computing statistical estimators of key output variables with respect to uncertain input data, using the high-fidelity hydrodynamic model XBeach and the lower-fidelity coastal flooding model SFINCS (Super-Fast INundation of CoastS). The multilevel aspect opens up the further advantageous possibility of applying each of these models at multiple resolutions. This work represents the first application of MLMF in the coastal zone and one of its first applications in any field. For both idealised and real-world test cases, MLMF can significantly reduce computational cost for the same accuracy compared to both the standard Monte Carlo method and to a multilevel approach utilising only a single model (the multilevel Monte Carlo method). In particular, here we demonstrate using the case of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, USA, that this improvement in computational efficiency allows for in-depth uncertainty analysis to be conducted in the case of real-world coastal environments – a task that would previously have been practically unfeasible. Moreover, for the first time, we show how an inverse transform sampling technique can be used to accurately estimate the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of variables from the MLMF outputs. MLMF-based estimates of the expectations and the CDFs of the variables of interest are of significant value to decision makers when assessing uncertainty in predictions.
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23

Rayamajhi, M. B., P. D. Pratt, T. D. Center, and G. S. Wheeler. "Differential Response by Melaleuca quinquenervia Trees to Attack by the Rust Fungus Puccinia psidii in Florida." Plant Disease 94, no. 9 (September 2010): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-9-1165b.

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Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca) is an exotic invasive tree in Florida, Hawaii, and some Caribbean islands (1,2). Puccinia psidii (rust fungus) attacks melaleuca as well as other plants in a few genera of the Myrtaceae and Heteropyxidaceae, both members of the Myrtales (1,2). Disease occurs on succulent stems and foliage of melaleuca, causing twig dieback and defoliation (3). Melaleuca trees growing under similar field conditions exhibit susceptible or resistant reactions toward this fungus. To document this differential susceptibility of melaleuca to P. psidii, we visually evaluated 331 field-grown melaleuca trees from southeast Florida for occurrence of disease attributes: pustules (susceptible), nonpersistent halos (resistant), or asymptomatic (no macroscopic symptoms) conditions on leaves and succulent twigs during February and March when symptoms were at their peak. Percentages of trees manifesting susceptible, resistant, and asymptomatic responses to this fungus were 85.8, 13.0, and 1.2%, respectively. A screenhouse study was conducted to corroborate these observations by raising plants from composite seed sources and maintaining them in seven 3.8-liter plastic pots that were filled with commercial potting media. Nine to eleven plants per pot (with new foliage) were individually tagged, grown to 30 to 45 cm high, and spray inoculated (during February and March) with uredospores (~2 × 106/ml) obtained from melaleuca trees and suspended in water. Inoculated plants were placed on a screenhouse bench under infected trees and subjected to additional inoculum, thereby simulating field conditions. Evaluations made weekly during a 4-week period revealed that susceptible, resistant, and asymptomatic seedlings constituted 63.3, 33.6, and 3.2%, respectively, of the tagged plants. To assess the stability of these fungal and host attributes over time and space, we multiplied two P. psidii susceptible and two resistant plants from cuttings. We spray inoculated 6 to 13 rooted cuttings from each plant types with uredospores (0.8 to 2 × 106/ml) obtained from diseased melaleuca trees and suspended in water. These plants were incubated in a dew chamber for 72 to 96 h under 100% relative humidity at 19 to 23°C maintained with a 12-h fluorescent light cycle. After incubation, plants were placed randomly on a bench in a screenhouse (21 to 23°C) and evaluated weekly for symptom development during a 4-week experimental period. Noninoculated controls were maintained as well. The experiment was repeated twice. Foliage of the resistant plants developed a few incipient halos whereas 100% of the susceptible plants developed erupted uredinia and were defoliated in both replications. No detectable change in P. psidii virulence and melaleuca susceptibility patterns was observed. Despite wide host range within Myrtales, resistance to P. psidii exists within M. quinquenervia. Other P. psidii susceptible host systems of economic and environmental importance may have host/pathogen relationships similar to that of melaleuca and the selection of resistant individuals from their affected populations may be possible. Additional studies will be needed to ascertain the attributes of virulence or resistance in this rust fungus-melaleuca association. References: (1) M. Glen et al. Australas. Plant Pathol. 36:1, 2007. (2) P. D. Pratt et al. J. Aquat. Plant Manag. 45:8, 2007. (3) M. B. Rayachhetry et al. Biol. Control 22:38, 2001.
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F. YOUNG, ROBERT, and SALLY PEACE. "Using simultaneous counts by independent observers to correct for observer variability and missed sightings in a shore-based survey of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 1, no. 3 (December 1, 1999): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v1i3.480.

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Simultaneous counts by independent shore-based observers have been used to generate revised population estimates for gray and bowhead whales, but no similar technique has been applied to shore-based dolphin surveys. Shore-based whale surveys generally rely on a single observation site from which migrating whales are counted as they pass in one direction over a period of weeks to months. Shore-based dolphin surveys, however, typically use multiple observation sites over a much shorter time period (hours) in order to avoid double counting individuals as they change direction. This paper reports on a new technique to correct for observer variability and missed sightings for coastal bottlenose dolphin surveys conducted at Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, USA. Comparisons were made between concurrent counts by 39 pairs of independent shore-based observer teams. A model was developed to revise observer estimates in which the number of observed dolphin groups was multiplied by a correction factor to estimate the true number of groups, and this number in tum was multiplied by the mean group size to determine the total number of dolphins. The true number of dolphin groups was estimated using a modified Petersen mark-recapture estimate, stratified by group-size category. The mean proportion of groups missed by observers was negatively correlated with reported group size: 32.7% for groups of 1-2 dolphins; 16.5% for groups of 3-4 dolphins; and 9.9% for groups of >4 dolphins. A variability factor was also calculated to determine a confidence interval for the average number of dolphins per group, based on the mean percent difference between paired observer teams, stratified by group size. The model was used to calculate revised estimates for shore-based bottlenose dolphin surveys conducted in South Carolina in 1994 and 1995. The original uncorrected abundance estimates were increased by a factor of 1.14 and 1.19 respectively, comparable to similar calculations from shore-based surveys of gray whales. However, the estimated confidence interval of± 38% of the revised estimates is approximately four times the magnitude found in the gray whale studies. This difference is primarily due to the large observer variability for estimated dolphin group size and can be reduced using various revisions of survey design and methodology. Ideal conditions for this technique include elevated observer posts and accurate estimates of the proportion of the population within visual range of the coastline. This study demonstrates that shore-based dolphin surveys are a potentially efficient census technique and an attractive low cost alternative to aerial and boat surveys.
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25

"Nothofagus cunninghamii (myrtle beech)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.36443.

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"Myrtle Beach Boardwalk." Teaching Children Mathematics 17, no. 8 (April 2011): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/teacchilmath.17.8.0456.

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As another school year draws to an end, students begin to make summer plans. Many of their activities will call on them to apply the math skills that they have learned this year. Set in the real-life scenario of a trip to an amusement park, this activity requires students to apply basic operations and an understanding of inequalities.
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Davenport, John. "Myrtle Beach Sunrise." Permanente Journal 15, no. 2 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.7812/tpp/11.971.

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Davenport, John. "Summer Storm at Myrtle Beach." Permanente Journal 19, no. 2 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.7812/tpp/15.991.

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Barrineau, Patrick, and Timothy Kana. "Unpacking storm damages on a developed shoreline: Relating dune erosion and urban runoff." Shore & Beach, September 8, 2019, 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34237/1008733.

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Hurricane Matthew (2016) caused significant beach and dune erosion from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, to Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA. At Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, the storm caused beach recession, and much of the southern half of the city’s beaches appeared to be overwashed in post-storm surveys. Around half of the city’s beaches appeared overwashed following the storm; however, the Storm Impact Scale (SIS; Sallenger 2000) applied to a pre-storm elevation model suggests less than 10% of the city’s beaches should have experienced overwash. Spatial analysis of elevation and land cover data reveals dunes that were “overwashed” during Matthew drain from watersheds that are >35% impervious, where those showing only dune recession are <5% impervious. The densely developed downtown of Myrtle Beach sits on a low seaward-sloping terrace. Additionally, indurated strata beneath the downtown area can prevent groundwater from draining during excessive rain events. As a result, the most continuous impervious surface cover and near-surface strata lie within a half-kilometer of the beach and drain directly to the backshore. Along the U.S. Southeast coast, this is somewhat rare; many coastal systems feature a lagoon or low-lying bottomland along their landward border, which facilitates drainage of upland impervious surfaces following storm passage. At Myrtle Beach, all of the stormwater runoff is drained directly to the beach through a series of outfall pipes. Many of the outfall pipes are located along the backshore, near the elevation of storm surge during Matthew. Runoff from Matthew’s heavy rains was observed causing ponding on the landward side of the foredune and scouring around beach access walkways. Based on these observations, the severe dune erosion experienced near downtown Myrtle Beach during Hurricane Matthew may have been caused by runoff and/or groundwater flux rather than overwash. These results highlight an unexpected relationship between upland conditions and dune erosion on a developed shoreline. That is, dune erosion can be caused by mechanisms beside overwash during storm events.
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Battle, Mary. "Development, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 2007." Southern Spaces, February 1, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18737/m73s3j.

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Kana, Timothy, and Haiqing Kaczkowski. "Myrtle Beach: A history of shore protection and beach restoration." Shore & Beach, September 8, 2019, 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34237/1008732.

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The City of Myrtle Beach (South Carolina, USA) initiated a three-phase plan for beach restoration in the 1980s: Phase 1 — small-scale beach scraping; Phase 2 — mediumscale nourishment by trucks using inland sand; and Phase 3 — large-scale nourishment by dredge using offshore sand. Phases 1 and 2 were locally funded and served as interim measures (1981-1996) until a 50-year federal project could be constructed (1997 to present). In the course of this work, the city pioneered several approaches to beach management and became a model for the state. These include: the prototype SC beach survey program; the profile volume method for determining shorelines in the presence of seawalls, which was codified in the Beach Management Act (BMA) of 1988; the first locally funded nourishment (1986-1987) and FEMA-funded postdisaster renourishment after Hurricane Hugo 1989-1990; and the first surveys of offshore deposits for nourishment. Before restoration, nearly 65% of the 9-mile (14.5 kilometer) oceanfront was armored with seawalls, bulkheads, and revetments (1981). After nourishment, erosion control structures are now buried and fronted by a vegetated storm berm, while a wider beach accommodates millions of visitors each year. Total volumes and adjusted costs of nourishment from 1986 to early 2018 are 4,997,201 cubic yards (3,820,360 m3) and ~$70.8 million ($2018), respectively. On a unit annual beach length basis, the cost of beach restoration and improvement has averaged $46.80 per one foot of shoreline per year (~$153.50/m/yr) ($2018). Oceanfront property values on a unit length of shoreline basis presently range from ~$15,000/ft (~$49,200/m) for single-family homes to ~$75,000/ft (~$250,000/m) for high-rise buildings, suggesting that beach maintenance has cost well under 0.5% of oceanfront property values per year. Sand loss rates have averaged ~0.8 cy/ft/yr (2.0 m3/m/yr), and the rate of nourishment has been more than adequate to keep up with the ~0.37 ft (0.11 m) sea level rise between 1980 and 2018.
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"Coastal Cancer Center, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina." Oncology Issues 37, no. 5 (September 3, 2022): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10463356.2022.2114718.

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Логвиненко, Л., and L. Logvinenko. "SPECIAL FEATURES OF SEED GROWTH MYRTUS COMMUNIS L. VAR. BELGICA, RECEIVED UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF CULTURE SOUTH BEACH OF CRIMEA." Agrarian Bulletin of the, August 4, 2019, 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/article_5d47f7f2cc7a67.55851754.

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"Announcing the Twenty-Third Annual Institute in Technical Communication June 20-25, 2004 at Horry-Georgetown Technical College Myrtle Beach, South Carolina." Journal of Business and Technical Communication 18, no. 2 (April 2004): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1050651904182010.

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35

Glaser, Jacob J., Adam Czerwinski, Ashley Alley, Michael Keyes, Valentino Piacentino, and Antonio Pepe. "Implementing a REBOA program outside of the ivory tower: initial case series and lessons learned at a community trauma center." Journal of Endovascular Resuscitation and Trauma Management 2, no. 3 (September 10, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.26676/jevtm.v2i3.64.

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Background: REBOA has become an established adjunct to hemorrhage control. Prospective data sets are being collected, primarily from large, high volume trauma centers. There are limited data, and guidelines, to guide implementation and use outside of highly resourced environments. Smaller centers interested in adopting a REBOA program could benefit from closing this knowledge gap. Methods: A clinical series of cases utilizing REBOA from Grand Strand Medical Center, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina were reviewed. This represents early data from a busy community trauma center (ACS Level 2), from January 2017 to May 2018. Seven cases are identified and reported on, including outcomes. Considerations and ‘lessons learned’ from this early institutional experience are commented on. Results: REBOA was performed by trauma and acute care surgeons for hemorrhage and shock (blunt trauma n=3, penetrating trauma n=2, no- trauma n=2). All were placed in Zone 1 (one initially was placed in zone 3 then advanced). Mean (SD) systolic pressure (mmHg) before REBOA was 43 (30); post REBOA pressure was 104 (19). N=4 were placed via an open approach, n=3 percutaneous (n=2 with ultrasound). All with arrest before placement expired (n=3) and all others survived. Complications are described. Conclusions: REBOA can be a feasible adjunct for shock treatment in the community hospital environment, with outcomes comparable to large centers, and can be implemented by acute care and trauma surgeons. A rigorous process improvement program and critical appraisal process are critical in maximizing benefit in these centers.
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