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Academic literature on the topic 'Myotonie atrophique – Génétique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Myotonie atrophique – Génétique"
Ezzeddine, Nader. "De la conservation de la répression traductionnelle dépendante de l'élément EDEN à la drosophile comme modèle potentiel pour la dystrophie myotonique de Steinert (DM1) : un même facteur de régulation des ARNm fixe l'élément EDEN et les répétitions CUG." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON1T003.
Full textDelaunay, Jérôme. "Contribution à l'analyse d'un mécanisme de répression traductionnelle conservé entre le xénope et la drosophile : identification et caractérisation du facteur protéique Bru3 de liaison à l'élément EDEN." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON1T001.
Full textAllard-Chamard, Xavier. "Impact du génotype de l'ACTN3 sur la conservation et l'évolution de la force musculaire chez les individus atteints de dystrophie myotonique de type 1." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33549.
Full textLe but de cette investigation vise à analyser l’impact du génotype de l’ACTN3 sur la conservation et l’évolution de la force musculaire chez les individus atteints de DM1. Cette étude se veut une recherche longitudinale, les patients ayant été évalués sur deux périodes séparées de 9 ans (temps 1 et temps 2). L’analyse de l’impact du génotype de l’ACTN3 comporte deux volets. Le premier volet a pour objectif d’identifier si l’absence de protéine alpha-actinine 3 (génotype 577XX) provoque chez les personnes atteintes de DM1 un niveau de force musculaire global plus faible que chez l’individu des deux autres génotypes, en l’occurrence 577RX et 577RR. Le deuxième volet, quant à lui, a pour objet la comparaison de la perte de force musculaire entre le temps 1 et le temps 2 des trois génotypes. Les patients ont été recrutés dans le registre de la clinique neuromusculaire du Saguenay. Les personnes invitées à participer à cette étude devaient avoir été testées par une analyse génétique confirmant la présence de la maladie (phénotype adulte et tardif) et être âgées de 18 ans ou plus. Un total de 113 participants, soit 42 hommes et 71 femmes, a été en mesure de compléter cette étude longitudinale. Ces derniers ont été évalués à l’aide de 17 tests musculaires. Les résultats du temps 2 ont montré que l’absence de la protéine alpha-actinine 3 chez les hommes atteints de DM1 induisait un niveau de force musculaire global plus faible que chez ceux de génotype 577RX. En effet, le sexe masculin de génotype 577XX a vu sa force décroître plus rapidement au fil des années. Somme toute, si l’encadrement le permet, connaître le profil génotypique associé au gène ACTN3 chez les hommes atteints de DM1 est un élément important à prendre en considération afin de ralentir la progression de la maladie et d’optimiser les stratégies de réadaptation
The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the impact of the genotype of ACTN3 on the conservation and evolution of muscle strength in individuals with DM1. This study was a longitudinal study, the patients having been evaluated on two different occasions with 9 years in between (time 1 and time 2). The analysis of the impact of the ACTN3 genotype had two components. The first part aimed at identifying whether the absence of alpha-actinin 3 protein (genotype 577XX) caused a lower level of overall muscular strength in people with DM1 when compared to the other two genotypes, in this case 577RX and 577RR. The second part aimed at comparing the loss of muscle strength between time 1 and time 2 for the three genotypes. Patients were recruited from the Saguenay Neuromuscular Clinic Registry. Those invited to participate in this study had been previously tested by a genetic analysis confirming the presence of the disease (adult and late phenotype) and be 18 years of age or older. A total of 113 participants, 42 men and 71 women, were able to complete this longitudinal study. These were assessed using 17 muscle tests. At time 2, results showed that the absence of alpha-actinin 3 protein in men with DM1 induced a lower level of overall muscle strength than men with 577RX genotype. Indeed, the male genotype 577XX had a more rapid decrease in strength over the years. In light of these results, knowing the genotype profile associated with the ACTN3 gene in men with DM1 is an important element to consider in order to optimize rehabilitation strategies.
Brien, Mélissa. "Habitudes alimentaires et apports nutritionnels chez les personnes présentant une dystrophie myotonique de type 1." Thèse, Université Laval, 2016. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3882/1/Brien_uqac_0862N_10187.pdf.
Full textHammer, Caroline. "Implications de l'épissage des ARNpré-messagers dans la pathogenèse des dystrophies myotoniques." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6136.
Full textMyotonic dystrophies (DM) are the most common muscle dystrophies in adults. DM patients display a wide range of features, but there is currently no available cure to treat all of them. DM are caused by aberrant nuclear aggregates made of RNAs enriched in CUG repeats (DM1 and congenital forms) or CCUG repeats (DM2 form, the less severe one). These ggregates sequester the MBNL1 splicing factor, thus leading to an aberrant splicing of specific exons, ultimatly resulting in specific symptoms (myotonia, insulin resistance). I identified a novel misspliced event (aberrant splicing of Bin1 exon 11) in muscle cells of DM patients using exon arrays. Our functionnal and pathological studies suggest that the decrease in exon 11 expression is a primary event in the DM pathogenesis and may contribute to muscle weakness. I identified two novel protein components of the CCUG aggregates, the splicing factors Fox1 and Fox2. We propose an original model according to which Fox1 and Fox2 co-localizing with those aggregates may decrease MBNL1 sequestration. Thus, Fox1 and Fox2 would help to diminish the degree of splicing alterations of targets regulated by MBNL1, and would contribute to explain the lesser severity of DM2. Finally, I set up a cellular system mimicking DM1 that reproduces cardiac troponin T exon 5 missplicing observed in DM patients. This model may be useful to a high-throuput screening of chemical compounds aimed at identifying putative therapeutic molecules for DM patients
Antonio, Marie de. "Statistiques et modèles de survie pour améliorer la connaissance d’une maladie rare, la dystrophie myotonique The DM-Scope registry: a rare disease innovative framework bridging the gap between research and medical care Unraveling the myotonic dystrophy type 1 clinical spectrum: a systematic registry-based study - Implications for disease classification." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS096.
Full textMyotonic dystrophy (DM) is considered one of the most complex neuromuscular diseases. Although research work over the past 30 years has permitted a better understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms, the unusual nature of its genetic anomalies, its multisystemic expression and its broad clinical spectrum do not allow, at the moment, optimal patient management. The purpose of my work was to deepen our knowledge of this rare disease and to clarify its natural history. The first part of my manuscript is dedicated to the presentation of the DM-Scope Registry, on which all my thesis work is based. After the description of the concept, the functioning and the data collection platform, the manuscript features the characteristics of the DM1 cohort, from which our analyses were conducted : the clinical spectrum covered, multisystemic impairment, genotype/phenotype correlations, interrelations between symptoms and comparison to myotonic dystrophy type II (DM2). In the second part, we focus on the major progress achieved through the existence of DM-Scope and the analyses conducted during my thesis: (i) detailing the natural history of the disease, in particular proposing a new classification; (ii) highlighting the phenotype’s determining factors such as gender, mutation size, interrelations between symptoms. This work has led to recommendations for care, in particular for the transition from child to adult, but also the validation of important inclusion criteria for clinical trials such as gender. DM-Scope provides access to available biological samples for basic research studies and validates new therapeutic approaches. DM-Scope is now a worldwide leader and an essential tool in translational research in DM. The DM-Scope concept can be transferred to any other population and can be used for care management in other rare diseases. Finally, we present the development of a survival model built from the DM-Scope cohort. This model has three specificities: (i) it is applicable to high dimensional data, in such cases as DM-Scope, where there is a large number of measurements; (ii) it takes into account competitive risks, when patients are simultaneously exposed to several events. In our registry, the study of respiratory-related deaths is biased if competing events such as heart disease deaths are not taken into account ; (iii) it models the heterogeneity between patient groups probably due to divergent care, called \og centres effects \fg{}. DM-Scope data analysis requires such specificity of frailty models due to its multicentric coverage (55 centres). This model can be transferred and applied to other data, considering the following : more and more large-scaled registries are being used ; a majority of survival analyses includes censorship caused by the occurrence of the event of interest ; multicentre studies have become increasingly common
Caron, Solenne. "Transplantation de myoblastes génétiquement modifiés de patients atteints de dystrophie myotonique dans le muscle de souris." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25168/25168.pdf.
Full textArandel, Ludovic. "Développement d'une thérapie génique pour la Dystrophie Myotonique de type 1." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS229.
Full textMyotonie dystrophy types 1(DM1) and 2 (DM2) are autosomal dominant multisystem diseases with a strong neuromuscular component. They are characterized by progressive myotonia, muscle weakness, cognitive impairment, and cardiac conduction defects. These diseases are caused by abnormal amplification of C(C)TG repeat sequences located in the 3'UTR region of the DMPK gene and in the intron of the CNBP gene, respectively. These expansion-containing sequences are transcribed and retained in the nucleus as riboprotein aggregates. The presence of these toxic C(C)UG RNAs induces sequestration of the MBNL family of RNA-binding proteins, leading to their loss of function and deregulation of alternative splicing events, many ofv/hich are associated with clinical symptoms in patients. There is currently no1reatment for DM. In this thesis, I have developed a gene therapy tool based on a modification of the MBNL1 protein. This C- terminal truncated MBNL derivative (MBNLΔ) acts as a decoy to release endogenous MBNL proteins sequestered by mutant RNAs. Our approach was validated in muscle cells from DM1 patients and in a mouse model of the disease after AAV virus injection. Treatment with MBNLΔ allows the delocalisation of endogenous MBNL proteins from the foci, modifies the foci dynamics, corrects the transcriptome and myotonia, which is maintained 1 year after injection
Vaysse-Zinkhöfer, Wilhelm. "Mécanismes de réparations d’une cassure double-brin et résection au sein d’un microsatellite humain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS477.
Full textMicrosatellites are tandem repeats of a motif between one and nine base pairs. These repeats are found ubiquitously in all organisms and are particularly abundant in eukaryotic organisms. All these repeats are capable of forming secondary structures in vitro and possibly in vivo. Some microsatellites are prone to expansion, leading to many neurodegenerative diseases in humans such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most frequently transmitted neurodegenerative disease. The onset and severity of symptoms are positively correlated with the number of repeats located in the 3'UTR of the DMPK gene. In previous work in the laboratory, a TALE nuclease (TALEN) was developed to introduce a double-strand break into a microsatellite (GTC)n from a DM1 patient. Understanding the mechanisms leading to repeat contraction in yeast is necessary to understand the mechanisms in humans. Thus, experiments were conducted in cells with altered CBD repair systems showing that RAD51, POL32 and DNL4 were not required for CBD repair within microsatellites. Only RAD50 and RAD52 appear to be required, indicating that the cell repairs CBDs in repeated regions by single-strand annealing. The objective of this thesis was to study the role of several genes (MRE11, EXO1, SGS1, DNA2, SAE2, RIF1 and RIF2), involved in the resection and repair of a single CBD within a CTG repeat region, in yeast
Philippe, Jean-Vincent. "Décryptage des mécanismes de régulation de l’épissage de l’exon 5 du pré-ARNm de la troponine T cardiaque : étude du rôle de l’épissage alternatif des pré-ARNm dans la réponse des cellules de vertébrés au stress oxydant." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0298/document.
Full textMyotonic distrophy of type 1 (DM1) is a genetic disease characterized by skeletal muscle degeneration associated to myotonia. DM1 results from the instable expansion of CTG repeats within the 3’ untranslated region of the DMPK gene. The accumulation of mutated DMPK mRNAs within nuclear foci leads to the sequestration of the MBNL1 splicing factor and causes splicing misregulation of numerous pre-mRNAs. Among altered events the increase of the inclusion of exon 5 in the human cardiac troponin T (hcTNT) mRNA is of particular importance, since it contributes to the cardiac symptoms presented by the patients. Through collaborative work with N. Sergeant’s team from Lille, the team has studied the molecular bases of hcTNT exon 5 inclusion regulation and mapped 8 MBNL1 binding sites, including 6 new ones, within intronic regions surrounding exon 5. They also identified positive and negative splicing regulatory elements of which protein partners remain unidentified. The first objective of my PhD thesis was to test the functional importance of each individual MBNL1 binding site. The obtained results established that the 6 newly identified MBNL1 binding sites are involved in splicing regulation by MBNL1 and lead us to propose a new regulation model in which MBNL1 binds on triplets of MBNL1 sites present on each side of exon 5 and form a long distance structure via MBNL1-MBNL1 protein interaction. The formation of this looping-structure is expected to isolate exon 5 and limit its recognition by the spliceosome. In addition I searched for protein partners of the identified regulatory elements by affinity chromatography. By this way, I identified hnRNP H as a positive regulator of exon 5 inclusion. Its capacity to compete with MBNL1 to regulate splicing in cellulo by binding on exonic and intronic binding sites was further confirmed. The second part of my PhD work corresponds to the study of the global impact of oxidative stress, generated by exposition of HeLa cells to 500 µM of H2O2, on alternative splicing. This allows us to establish that the response of HeLa cells to oxidative stress involve two distincts phases: an early one (1h-8h) characterized by poor survival rate and high intracellular ROS content and a late phase (16-24h), associated with a decrease of the intracellular ROS level and the overexpression of the long non coding sat III RNAs. Based on this observation, we performed a transcriptome global analysis by using exon arrays from Affymetrix on RNA samples isolated 1, 2, 4 or 24 hours after the induction of the oxidative stress. We identified changes of the gene expression level or mRNA splicing pattern specific of each of the response phases. Data computing by bio-informatic tools identified the most affected cellular processes and functions during the cell response to oxidative stress. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying alternative splicing modulation during oxidative stress, I started to study the impact of oxidative stress on the expression level and the cellular localization of spliceosome components and most common splicing regulation factors