Academic literature on the topic 'Myotendinous junction (MTJ)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Myotendinous junction (MTJ)"
1
Bao, Z. Z., M. Lakonishok, S. Kaufman, and A. F. Horwitz. "Alpha 7 beta 1 integrin is a component of the myotendinous junction on skeletal muscle." Journal of Cell Science 106, no. 2 (October 1, 1993): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.106.2.579.
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Immunization against a 70 kDa band that co-purifies with skeletal muscle integrins has resulted in an antibody directed against the avain alpha 7 integrin subunit. The specificity of the antibody was established by patterns of tissue staining and cross-reactivity with antibodies directed against the cytoplasmic domain of the rat alpha 7 cytoplasmic domain. On sections of adult skeletal muscle the alpha 7 integrin was enriched in the myotendinous junction (MTJ). This localization was unique as neither the alpha 1, alpha 3, alpha 5, alpha 6 and alpha v subunit localizes in the myotendinous junction. The distribution of the alpha 7 subunit in the MTJ was examined during embryonic development. alpha 7 expression in the junction is first apparent around embryo day 14 and is almost exclusively at the developing MTJ at this stage. alpha 3 is expressed with distinctive punctate staining around the junctional area in earlier embryos (11-day). The time of appearance of the alpha 7 subunit in the MTJ correlates with the insertion of myofibrils into subsarcolemmal densities and folding of the junctional membrane, suggesting a role of the alpha 7 integrin in this process. Vinculin is present throughout development of the myotendinous junction, suggesting that the alpha 7 integrin recognizes a preformed cytoskeletal structure. The presence of the alpha 7 subunit in the myotendinous junction and the alpha 5 subunit in the adhesion plaque demonstrates a molecular difference between these two adherens junctions. It also points to possible origins of junctional specificity on muscle. Differences between these two junctions were developed further using an antibody against phosphotyrosine (PY20). Phosphotyrosine is thought to participate in the organization and stabilization of adhesions. The focal adhesion and the neuromuscular junction, but not the MTJ, contained proteins phosphorylated on tyrosine.
2
Yan, Ruojin, Hong Zhang, Yuanzhu Ma, Ruifu Lin, Bo Zhou, Tao Zhang, Chunmei Fan, et al. "Discovery of Muscle-Tendon Progenitor Subpopulation in Human Myotendinous Junction at Single-Cell Resolution." Research 2022 (September 29, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9760390.
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The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a complex and special anatomical area that connects muscles and tendons, and it is also the key to repairing tendons. Nevertheless, the anatomical structure and connection structure of MTJ, the cluster and distribution of cells, and which cells are involved in repairing the tissue are still unclear. Here, we analyzed the cell subtype distribution and function of human MTJ at single-cell level. We identified four main subtypes, including stem cell, muscle, tendon, and muscle-tendon progenitor cells (MTP). The MTP subpopulation, which remains the characteristics of stem cells and also expresses muscle and tendon marker genes simultaneously, may have the potential for bidirectional differentiation. We also found the muscle-tendon progenitor cells were distributed in the shape of a transparent goblet; muscle cells first connect to the MTP and then to the tendon. And after being transplanted in the MTJ injury model, MTP exhibited strong regenerative capability. Finally, we also demonstrated the importance of mTOR signaling for MTP maintenance by in vitro addition of rapamycin and in vivo validation using mTOR-ko mice. Our research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the heterogeneity of myotendinous junction, discovered a special cluster called MTP, provided new insights into the biological significance of myotendinous junction, and laid the foundation for future research on myotendinous junction regeneration and restoration.
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Zhou, Guang-Quan, Yi Zhang, Ruo-Li Wang, Ping Zhou, Yong-Ping Zheng, Olga Tarassova, Anton Arndt, and Qiang Chen. "Automatic Myotendinous Junction Tracking in Ultrasound Images with Phase-Based Segmentation." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3697835.
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Displacement of the myotendinous junction (MTJ) obtained by ultrasound imaging is crucial to quantify the interactive length changes of muscles and tendons for understanding the mechanics and pathological conditions of the muscle-tendon unit during motion. However, the lack of a reliable automatic measurement method restricts its application in human motion analysis. This paper presents an automated measurement of MTJ displacement using prior knowledge on tendinous tissues and MTJ, precluding the influence of nontendinous components on the estimation of MTJ displacement. It is based on the perception of tendinous features from musculoskeletal ultrasound images using Radon transform and thresholding methods, with information about the symmetric measures obtained from phase congruency. The displacement of MTJ is achieved by tracking manually marked points on tendinous tissues with the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm applied over the segmented MTJ region. The performance of this method was evaluated on ultrasound images of the gastrocnemius obtained from 10 healthy subjects (26.0±2.9 years of age). Waveform similarity between the manual and automatic measurements was assessed by calculating the overall similarity with the coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC). In vivo experiments demonstrated that MTJ tracking with the proposed method (CMC = 0.97±0.02) was more consistent with the manual measurements than existing optical flow tracking methods (CMC = 0.79±0.11). This study demonstrated that the proposed method was robust to the interference of nontendinous components, resulting in a more reliable measurement of MTJ displacement, which may facilitate further research and applications related to the architectural change of muscles and tendons.
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Pimentel Neto, Jurandyr, Lara Caetano Rocha-Braga, Carolina dos Santos Jacob, André Neri Tomiate, and Adriano Polican Ciena. "Myotendinous Junction: Exercise Protocols Can Positively Influence Their Development in Rats." Biomedicines 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020480.
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The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is an interface that different stimuli alter their morphology. One of the main stimuli to promote alterations in the MTJ morphology is physical exercise. The present study aimed to investigate the morphology and molecular MTJ adaptations of biceps brachii muscle in adult Wistar rats submitted to different ladder-based protocols. Forty Wistar rats (90 days old) were divided into four groups: Sedentary (S), Climbing (C), Overload Climbing (OC), Climbing, and Overload Climbing (COC). The results of light microscopy demonstrated the cell and collagen tissue reorganization in the experimental groups. The sarcomeres lengths of different regions showed a particular development according to the specific protocols. The sarcoplasmic invaginations and evaginations demonstrated positive increases that promoted the myotendinous interface development. In the extracellular matrix, the structures presented an increase principally in the COC group. Finally, the immunofluorescence analysis showed the telocytes disposition adjacent to the MTJ region in all experimental groups, revealing their network organization. Thus, we concluded that the different protocols contributed to the morphological adaptations with beneficial effects in distinct ways of tissue and cellular development and can be used as a model for MTJ remodeling to future proteomic and genetic analysis.
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Jakobsen, Jens R., Peter Schjerling, Rene B. Svensson, Rikke Buhl, Helena Carstensen, Manuel Koch, Michael R. Krogsgaard, Michael Kjær, and Abigail L. Mackey. "RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence of the myotendinous junction of mature horses and humans." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 321, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): C453—C470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00218.2021.
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The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a specialized interface for transmitting high forces between the muscle and tendon and yet the MTJ is a common site of strain injury with a high recurrence rate. The aim of this study was to identify previously unknown MTJ components in mature animals and humans. Samples were obtained from the superficial digital flexor (SDF) muscle-tendon interface of 20 horses, and the tissue was separated through a sequential cryosectioning approach into muscle, MTJ (muscle tissue enriched in myofiber tips attached to the tendon), and tendon fractions. RT-PCR was performed for genes known to be expressed in the three tissue fractions and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) plots were used to select the muscle, MTJ, and tendon samples from five horses for RNA sequencing. The expression of previously known and unknown genes identified through RNA sequencing was studied by immunofluorescence on human hamstring MTJ tissue. The main finding was that RNA sequencing identified the expression of a panel of 61 genes enriched at the MTJ. Of these, 48 genes were novel for the MTJ and 13 genes had been reported to be associated with the MTJ in earlier studies. The expression of known [COL22A1 (collagen XXII), NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule), POSTN (periostin), NES (nestin), OSTN (musclin/osteocrin)] and previously undescribed [MNS1 (meiosis-specific nuclear structural protein 1), and LCT (lactase)] MTJ genes was confirmed at the protein level by immunofluorescence on tissue sections of human MTJ. In conclusion, in muscle-tendon interface tissue enriched with myofiber tips, we identified the expression of previously unknown MTJ genes representing diverse biological processes, which may be important in the maintenance of the specialized MTJ.
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Jacob, Carolina dos S., Gabriela K. Barbosa, Mariana P. Rodrigues, Jurandyr Pimentel Neto, Lara C. Rocha-Braga, Camilla G. de Oliveira, Marucia Chacur, and Adriano P. Ciena. "Ultrastructural and Molecular Development of the Myotendinous Junction Triggered by Stretching Prior to Resistance Exercise." Microscopy and Microanalysis 28, no. 2 (March 8, 2022): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927622000186.
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The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is a highly specialized region of the locomotor apparatus. Here, we investigated the ultrastructural and molecular effects in the MTJ region after static stretching prior to the ladder-based resistance training. Thirty-two male, 60-day old Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Sedentary, Resistance Training, Stretching, and Stretching-Resistance Training. The gastrocnemius muscle was processed for transmission electron microscopy techniques and Western blot assay. We observed that the static stretching prior to the ladder-based resistance training increased the MTJ components, the fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF-6 protein expression. Also, we demonstrated the lower transforming growth factor expression and no difference in the lysyl oxidase expression after combined training. The MTJ alterations in response to combined training demonstrate adaptive mechanisms which can be used for the prescription or development of methods to reduce or prevent injuries in humans and promote the myotendinous interface benefit.
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Pedrosa-Domellöf, Fatima, Carl-Fredrik Tiger, Ismo Virtanen, Lars-Eric Thornell, and Donald Gullberg. "Laminin Chains in Developing and Adult Human Myotendinous Junctions." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 48, no. 2 (February 2000): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540004800205.
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In addition to being the specialized site for transmission of force from the muscle to the tendon, the myotendinous junction (MTJ) also plays an important role in muscle splitting during morphogenesis. An early event in the formation of the MTJ is a regional deposition of basement membranes. We used immunocytochemistry to investigate the distribution of laminin chains during the development of MTJs in human limb muscle at 8-22 weeks of gestation (wg) and in adult MTJs. We used polyclonal antibodies and a new monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the human laminin α1 G4/G5 domains. At 8-10 wg, laminin α1 and laminin α5 chains were specifically localized to the MTJ. Laminin α1 chain remained restricted to the MTJ at 22 wg as the laminin β2 chain had appeared, whereas the laminin α5 chain became deposited along the entire length of the myotubes from 12 wg. In the adult MTJ, only vestigial amounts of laminin α1 and laminin α5 chains could be detected. On the basis of co-distribution data, we speculate that laminin α1 chain in the forming MTJ undergoes an isoform switch from laminin 1 to laminin 3. Our data indicate a potentially important role for laminin α1 chain in skeletal muscle formation.
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Rocha, Lara Caetano, Gabriela Klein Barbosa, Jurandyr Pimentel Neto, Carolina dos Santos Jacob, Andreas B. Knudsen, Ii-Sei Watanabe, and Adriano Polican Ciena. "Aquatic Training after Joint Immobilization in Rats Promotes Adaptations in Myotendinous Junctions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 6983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136983.
Full textAbstract:
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is the muscle-tendon interface and constitutes an integrated mechanical unit to force transmission. Joint immobilization promotes muscle atrophy via disuse, while physical exercise can be used as an adaptative stimulus. In this study, we aimed to investigate the components of the MTJ and their adaptations and the associated elements triggered with aquatic training after joint immobilization. Forty-four male Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (SD), aquatic training (AT), immobilization (IM), and immobilization/aquatic training (IMAT) groups. The samples were processed to measure fiber area, nuclear fractal dimension, MTJ nuclear density, identification of telocytes, sarcomeres, and MTJ perimeter length. In the AT group, the maintenance of ultrastructure and elements in the MTJ region were observed; the IM group presented muscle atrophy effects with reduced MTJ perimeter; the IMAT group demonstrated that aquatic training after joint immobilization promotes benefits in the muscle fiber area and fractal dimension, in the MTJ region shows longer sarcomeres and MTJ perimeter. We identified the presence of telocytes in the MTJ region in all experimental groups. We concluded that aquatic training is an effective rehabilitation method after joint immobilization due to reduced muscle atrophy and regeneration effects on MTJ in rats.
9
Tidball, J. G., and D. M. Quan. "Reduction in myotendinous junction surface area of rats subjected to 4-day spaceflight." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.1.59.
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The surface area of myotendinous junctions (MTJs), expressed relative to the cross-sectional area of myofibrils attached to them, was determined using established morphometric techniques in which the digitlike processes of the cell at MTJs are modeled as circular paraboloids. The relative area, called the folding factor, was measured for six rats after a 4-day spaceflight and six control rats maintained in a vivarium under otherwise identical conditions. Spaceflight resulted in a significant reduction in relative MTJ surface area, from 19.7 +/- 2.3 (SD) in control animals to 13.3 +/- 2.5 for animals after spaceflight. Furthermore, space animals displayed increased numbers of fibroblasts enriched in rough endoplasmic reticulum near the MTJ, a greater number of ribosomes and mitochondria within muscle at the MTJ, and increased occurrence of lesions in the connective tissue near the MTJ. The results indicate that spaceflight, possibly through the removal of gravity-associated loading from muscle, causes a modification in MTJ structure and may result in injuries at MTJs after return to normal loading.
10
Dix, D. J., and B. R. Eisenberg. "Myosin mRNA accumulation and myofibrillogenesis at the myotendinous junction of stretched muscle fibers." Journal of Cell Biology 111, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 1885–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.111.5.1885.
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Myofiber growth and myofibril assembly at the myotendinous junction (MTJ) of stretch-hypertrophied rabbit skeletal muscle was studied by in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. In situ hybridization identified higher levels of myosin heavy chain (MHC) mRNA at the MTJ of fibers stretched for 4 d. Electron microscopy at the MTJ of these lengthening fibers revealed a large cytoplasmic space devoid of myofibrils, but containing polysomes, sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-membranes, mitochondria, Golgi complexes, and nascent filament assemblies. Tallies from electron micrographs indicate that myofibril assembly in stretched fibers followed a set sequence of events. (a) In stretched fiber ends almost the entire sarcolemmal membrane was electron dense but only a portion had attached myofibrils. Vinculin, detected by immunofluorescence, was greatly increased at the MTJ membrane of stretched muscles. (b) Thin filaments were anchored to the sarcolemma at the electron dense sites. (c) Thick filaments associated with these thin filaments in an unregistered manner. (d) Z-bodies splice into thin filaments and subsequently thin and thick filaments fall into sarcomeric register. Thus, the MTJ is a site of mRNA accumulation which sets up regional protein synthesis and myofibril assembly. Stretched muscles also lengthen by the addition of myotubes at their ends. After 6 d of stretch these myotubes make up the majority of fibers at the muscle ends. Essentially all these myotubes repeat the developmental program of primary myotubes and express slow MHC. MHC mRNA distribution in myotubes is disorganized as is the distribution of their myofibrils.
Conference papers on the topic "Myotendinous junction (MTJ)"
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Zhang, Chi, and Yingxin Gao. "A 2D Finite Element Model of Lateral Transmission of Force in Skeletal Muscle." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53353.
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Skeletal muscle has a complex hierarchical structure which is mainly composed of myofibers and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) including endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium. Myofibers are long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells composed of repeating sarcomeres, which are basic functional units for skeletal muscle contraction. In order to produce body movement, the force generated by myofiber has to be transmitted from individual fiber to the tendon. The commonly accepted site for force transmission is the myotendinous junction (MTJ) where the myofibers connect to the tendon. However, the myofibers mainly end within the muscle fascicles without reaching the MTJ in many muscles, in which case the force has to be transmitted laterally to adjacent fiber through shear and to the tendon eventually.