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Academic literature on the topic 'Myosine A'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Myosine A"

1

PICARD, B., L. LEFAUCHEUR, B. FAUCONNEAU, H. REMIGNON, Y. CHEREL, E. BARREY, and J. NEDELEC. "Dossier : Caractérisation des différents types de fibres musculaires dans plusieurs espèces : production et utilisation d’anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les chaînes lourdes de myosine rapide IIa et IIb." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 2 (April 2, 1998): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.2.3926.

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Des anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les chaînes lourdes de myosine (MHC : myosin heavy chain) de différentes espèces d’animaux : bovin, porc, poisson, poulet, dinde, cheval ont été produits. Ils ont été testés par immunohistologie sur des coupes de muscle squelettique chez le bovin, le porc, le poisson, le poulet et la dinde et par ELISA chez le cheval. Les différents anticorps retenus dans ce projet permettent de nouvelles applications pour l’étude du muscle squelettique. En particulier deux anticorps monoclonaux peuvent être utilisés pour classer par immunohistologie les fibres IIA et IIB : l’un reconnaissant les MHC I et IIb chez le bovin et le cheval et les MHC I, IIb et IIx chez le porc, l’autre reconnaissant les MHC IIa et IIx chez le porc. D’autres anticorps ont permis de révéler une hétérogénéité dans la composition en myosine des fibres des muscles blanc et rouge de poisson, mais également dans la composition en myosine rapide des muscles de poulet et de dinde, sans toutefois permettre dans ces deux espèces une distinction précise des fibres IIA et IIB. De plus, chez la truite arc-en-ciel, un anticorps réagit plus spécifiquement contre les myosines des petites fibres témoins d’une myogénèse de novo dans le muscle blanc. Cependant il n’a pas été possible d’obtenir des anticorps spécifiques des fibres IIA et IIB utilisables en particulier en dosage ELISA ; cette obtention demeure un objectif important pour la poursuite des travaux.

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CASSAR-MALEK, I., A. LISTRAT, and B. PICARD. "Contrôle hormonal des caractéristiques des fibres musculaires après la naissance." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 5 (December 6, 1998): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.5.3965.

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Après la naissance, la croissance et les propriétés contractiles et métaboliques des fibres musculaires sont soumises à une régulation endocrinienne complexe. A l’exception des glucocorticoïdes, la plupart des hormones présente une action anabolique sur le tissu musculaire. Leur influence sur les caractéristiques des fibres est cependant très différente. Ainsi, les hormones somatotropes affectent peu la composition en fibres des muscles. La GH, comme l’IGF-1, régulerait cependant l’expression des isoformes de myosine. Les hormones thyroïdiennes augmentent la proportion des fibres rapides au détriment des lentes. Elles régulent l’expression des chaînes lourdes de myosine, en augmentant celles des isoformes rapides. L’insuline joue également un rôle important, le diabète s’accompagnant d’une diminution du pourcentage relatif des fibres rapides glycolytiques et de la quantité des myosines natives rapides. Les agonistes béta-adrénergiques des catécholamines augmentent la proportion des fibres rapides IIB au détriment des lentes. Leur influence sur l’expression des myosines reste toutefois peu connue. L’action des stéroïdes sexuels est par contre bien documentée : les androgènes diminuent la proportion des fibres rapides IIB, et l’accumulation des chaînes lourdes de myosine IIb. Les oestrogènes ont peu d’effets reconnus sur ces caractéristiques. Enfin, si les fibres IIB constituent la principale cible des glucocorticoïdes, leur effet sur les caractéristiques des fibres est encore mal connu. L’ensemble de ces données suggère que l’on peut modifier la croissance du muscle et sa composition en fibres en modifiant l’équilibre endocrinien des animaux par les techniques d’élevage.

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Lecarpentier, Y., JC Lambry, D. Chemla, and C. Coirault. "La myosine, moteur moléculaire musculaire." médecine/sciences 14, no. 10 (1998): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/913.

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Ménétrey, Julie, Amel Bahloul, and Anne Houdusse. "Une myosine à contre-sens." médecine/sciences 22, no. 2 (February 2006): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2006222120.

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JURIE, C., J. NÉDELEC, and B. PICARD. "Production des anticorps monoclonaux spécifiques des chaînes lourdes de myosine." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 2 (April 2, 1998): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.2.3927.

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Cet article fait partie du dossier : Caractérisation des différents types de fibres musculaires dans plusieurs espèces : production et utilisation d’anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les chaînes lourdes de myosine rapide IIa et IIb

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PICARD, B., and M. DURIS. "Caractérisation des chaînes lourdes de myosine dans le muscle de bovin." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 2 (April 2, 1998): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.2.3928.

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Cet article fait partie du dossier : Caractérisation des différents types de fibres musculaires dans plusieurs espèces : production et utilisation d’anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les chaînes lourdes de myosine rapide IIa et IIb

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LEFAUCHEUR, L., and P. ECOLAN. "Composition en chaînes lourdes de myosine des fibres musculaires de type II chez le porc." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 2 (April 2, 1998): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.2.3929.

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Cet article fait partie du dossier : Caractérisation des différents types de fibres musculaires dans plusieurs espèces : production et utilisation d’anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les chaînes lourdes de myosine rapide IIa et IIb

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RÉMIGNON, H., and V. DESROSIERS. "Recherche d’anticorps dirigés contre les différents types de fibres chez le poulet." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 2 (April 2, 1998): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.2.3931.

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Cet article fait partie du dossier : Caractérisation des différents types de fibres musculaires dans plusieurs espèces: production et utilisation d’anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les chaînes lourdes de myosine rapide IIa et IIb

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CHEREL, Y., L. GUIGAND, and M. WYERS. "Anticorps anti-chaînes lourdes de myosine : outils d’étude de la régénération musculaire dans l’espèce dinde." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 2 (April 2, 1998): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.2.3932.

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Cet article fait partie du dossier : Caractérisation des différents types de fibres musculaires dans plusieurs espèces: production et utilisation d’anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les chaînes lourdes de myosine rapide IIa et IIb

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BARREY, E., J. P. VALETTE, and M. JOUGLIN. "Analyse de la composition en chaînes lourdes de myosine chez le cheval : application la sélection du cheval de course." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 2 (April 2, 1998): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.2.3933.

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Cet article fait partie du dossier : Caractérisation des différents types de fibres musculaires dans plusieurs espèces: production et utilisation d’anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre les chaînes lourdes de myosine rapide IIa et IIb

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Myosine A"

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El, Bahloul Amel. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle et structurale de trois myosines non conventionnelles : la myosine VI, la myosine VIIa et la myosine IB d'Acanthamoeba." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112138.

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Guimard, Laurent. "Modélisation et synthèse de peptides interagissant avec une protéine cible : application au complexe calmoduline-RS20." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T037.

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Bhat, Alka. "Les dynamiques d'agrégats de myosine et leurs rôles dans les fermetures d'epithelia." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ070.

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Les agrégats de myosine ont été observés dans plusieurs systèmes : chez la Drosophile, C. elegans, ou encore dans des expériences avec des cytosquelettes reconstitués in vitro. Cependant, leur intégration dans un cadre général manque. En théorie, les filaments d’actine et les moteurs de myosine suivent des lois génériques d’auto-organisation. Des découvertes récentes du laboratoire montrent que la dynamique de ces agrégats à l’intérieur d’un anneau de cytokinèse sont en effet associés à des fonctions biologiques : la génération de stress lorsque leurs mouvements sont radiaux, et au transport lorsque leurs déplacements sont tangentiels. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous montrons que ces règles simples sont conservées lors du processus de cicatrisation par l’anneau d’acto-myosine dans les monocouches de cellules épithéliales. En utilisant la microfabrication, la biologie cellulaire, l’imagerie quantitative et la physique théorique, nous établissons que les agrégats radiaux et tangentiels sont respectivement associés à une fermeture locale ou à un arrêt de l’anneau. La conservation de ce mécanisme entre les systèmes uni- et multi-cellulaires suggère que la dynamique de ces agrégats de myosine pourrait être utilisée comme la lecture générique pour cartographier et prédire les changements de formes des embryons en développement
Myosin clusters have been reported in a variety of systems, such as Drosophila, C. elegans, and acto-myosin in vitro assays. However, their integration in a general framework is still lacking. In theory, actin filaments and myosin motors are predicted to follow generic rules of self-organisation. Recent findings from the laboratory reported that cluster dynamics within cytokinetic rings are associated with biological functions, i.e. stress generation when radial, and transport when tangential. In this study, we show that these simple rules hold as well for acto-myosin ring wound closure in epithelial monolayers. By using microfabrication, cell biology, quantitative imaging and theoretical physics, we report that radial and tangential clusters are related to local closures and stalled portions of rings, respectively. This conserved mechanism between single and multi-cellular system suggests that these myosin clusters dynamics could be used as generic read-out for mapping and predicting changes in shapes in developing embryos

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Harricane-Vors, Marie-Cécile. "Etudes in vitro de l'interaction entre l'actine et des protéines associées : gelsoline, caldesmone, myosine." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11303.

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Bonafé, Nathalie. "Structure et régulation du complexe actine-myosine dans le muscle squelettique." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON1T009.

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Aubry, Aurélie. "Recherche d'interacteurs de Myosine II au cours de l'intercalation cellulaire chez l'embryon de Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22117/document.

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Un tissu épithélial est composé de cellules polarisées, étroitement liées les unes aux autres par des jonctions adhérentes. La perte de ces jonctions adhérentes est la première étape dans le développement des cancers au niveau des tissus épithéliaux. Il est donc important de comprendre les mécanismes d’attachement inter-cellulaire. Pour étudier ces interactions, nous utilisons comme modèle l’embryon de drosophile, où une fine régulation des jonctions adhérentes est requise pour l’une des étapes précoces de développement. Durant cette étape du développement, les cellules épithéliales changent de voisines le long de l’axe antéro-postérieur sans perdre leur adhérence cellulaire. Ce processus d’intercalation cellulaire est dû au recrutement polarisé du moteur moléculaire Myosine II au niveau des jonctions qui se désassemblent. Il a été mis en évidence qu’au cours de ce processus la perte de fonction de la voie JAK/STAT perturbe la localisation de la Myosine II. Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai réalisé un crible génétique dans un contexte mutant pour le ligand de la voie JAK/STAT pour me permettre d’identifier des interacteurs potentiellement impliqués dans le contrôle spatial de Myosine II. J’ai pu mettre en évidence plusieurs gènes pouvant être impliqués dans cette intercalation. Parmi ces candidats, je me suis focalisée sur celui montrant le plus fort phénotype : le gène CG13992. La caractérisation de ce gène a fut la seconde étape de mon travail de thèse (car seules les séquences nucléotidiques et protéiques étaient connues). Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en évidence l’implication de ce gène dans la localisation de la Myosine II mais ils restent à confirmer
Epithelial tissue is composed of polarized cells, which are closely attached to each other by adherens junctions. The loss of adherens junctions is often a key step in the development of cancer in epithelial tissues. It is therefore important to understand the mechanisms of attachment between the cells. To study such epithelial plasticity, we use the Drosophila embryo as a model system, where a fine regulation of adherens junctions is required for one of the early processes of development: germ band elongation. During this process, epithelial cells change their neighbors along the anterior-posterior axis (cell cell intercalation) without loss of cell adhesion. Polarized recruitment of the molecular motor Myosin II at the junctions, that disassemble and reassemble, underlies the intercalation process. In part, intercalation relies on the normal activity of the the JAK / STAT pathway that is crucial for the spatial control of Myosin II. During my PhD, I conducted a genetic screen, in a mutant for the ligand of the JAK / STAT pathway, designed to identify second site interactors for Myosin II control. I identified several genes that appear to be involved in the intercalation process. Among these candidates, I focused on one with the strongest phenotype: the gene CG13992. The functional characterization of this gene was the second stage of my thesis (because only the nucleotide and the protein sequences were known). Preliminary results highlight the involvement of this gene in the localization of Myosin II that remain to be confirmed

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Masson, d'Autume Adèle de. "Lymphocytes B régulateurs dans la GVH chronique humaine et rôle de la myosine 18A dans la cytotoxicité des lymphocytes NK." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC177/document.

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L’allogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques allogéniques (HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) reste le seul traitement curatif pour de nombreux patients atteints d’hémopathies malignes. Dans près d’un cas sur deux, l’allogreffe se complique de réaction chronique du greffon contre l'hôte (GVH (graft-versus-host) chronique). Les lymphocytes B régulateurs sont une population de lymphocytes B sécrétant de l’interleukine (IL)-10 et capables d’inhiber les réactions inflammatoires. Nous avons montré que chez l’homme atteint de GVH chronique active, la fréquence des lymphocytes B régulateurs est diminuée dans le sang périphérique. Les lymphocytes B régulateurs sont principalement enrichis dans la population B de phénotype mémoire et plasmablastique. Une augmentation de la fréquence des plasmablastes et une diminution du nombre de lymphocytes B de phénotype mémoire chez les patients allogreffés atteints de GVH chronique active suggèrent des altérations de la différenciation terminale des lymphocytes B. Nos travaux ont également porté sur les lymphocytes NK qui ont un rôle cytotoxique. Nous avons identifié l’un des récepteurs de surface des lymphocytes NK, CD245, comme étant la myosine 18A. La myosine 18A est impliquée dans l’organisation du cytosquelette et constitue un récepteur du surfactant A. Nous avons montre qu’il s’agissait d’un récepteur co-activateur de la cytotoxicité NK et que cette augmentation de cytotoxicité pourrait être liée à la stimulation de l’expression de la molécule de stimulation CD137 (4-1BB) à la surface du lymphocyte NK. Ces résultats suggèrent un potentiel rôle thérapeutique de l’utilisation d’anticorps agonistes spécifiques de CD245
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment for many patients with haematological malignancies. In almost half of the cases, it is complicated by chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Regulatory B cells are a population of B cells secreting interleukin (IL)-10 that can inhibit the immune responses. We have shown that in patients with active cGVHD, the frequency of regulatory B cells is decreased in the peripheral blood. Regulatory B cells are enriched in the memory B cell and plasmablast B cell pools. Increased plasmablasts frequencies and decreased memory B cells frequencies were found in patients with active cGVHD, suggesting alterations in the terminal differentiation of B cells. Our work also focused on NK cells that have a cytotoxic role. We identified one surface receptor of NK cells, CD245, as myosin 18A. Myosin 18A is involved in the organization of the cytoskeleton and is a receptor of the surfactant A. We have shown that myosin 18A was a coactivating receptor of the NK cytotoxicity and that this increase in cytotoxicity could be linked to the stimulation of the expression of CD137 (4-1BB) on the surface of the NK lymphocyte. These results suggest a potential therapeutic role of the use of specific CD245 agonist antibodies

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Blanchoin, Laurent. "Interaction actine-myosine. Caracterisation des complexes formes entre l'actine et le sous-fragment-1 de la myosine." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066044.

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L'interaction actine-myosine est la base moleculaire du phenomene de la contraction musculaire. Nous avons caracterise les complexes formes entre l'actine et le sous-fragment-1 de la myosine (s#1). Nous avons d'abord choisi comme modele l'etude de l'interaction entre l'actine monomerique (actine-g) et le sous-fragment-1 de la myosine. Nos etudes de cinetiques rapides, en fluorescence, montrent qu'en solution le sous-fragment-1 de la myosine peut interagir soit avec une molecule d'actine pour former un complexe binaire (gs), soit avec deux molecules d'actine pour former un complexe ternaire (g#2s) suivant le rapport actine-g/s#1. La formation de ces complexes resulte d'une etape d'isomerisation precedee d'un pre-equilibre rapide. La vitesse de formation du complexe g#2s (50s#-#1) est proche de celle du complexe filament d'actine (actine-f)-s#1 (20s#-#1). Gs et g#2s sont dissocies par les nucleotides atp et adp avec des vitesses differentes. Les cinetiques et le mecanisme de dissociation de g#2s par l'atp sont tres proches de ceux observes pour la dissociation du complexe actine-f-s#1 par le nucleotide. G#2s semble donc un bon modele pour l'etude de l'interface actine-f-s#1. L'orientation des deux molecules d'actine dans g#2s est probablement tres proche de celle des deux sous-unites longitudinales adjacentes du filament d'actine en interaction avec la tete de myosine. L'interaction actine-f-s#1 a ete etudiee dans des conditions physiologiques. La constante de vitesse d'association du s#1 avec l'actine-f est une fonction du nombre de s#1 fixes par actine dans le polymere. Les resultats sur l'interaction de l'actine-g ou -f avec le sous-fragment-1 de la myosine suggerent que differentes proprietes mecaniques lors de l'interaction actine-myosine peuvent etre correlees avec differentes orientations de la tete de myosine et differents rapports actine/myosine

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Ripoll, Léa. "Role of myosin VI and actin dynamics in membrane remodeling during pigmentation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB102.

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Le trafic intracellulaire consiste en la formation et le transport de vésicules ou tubules qui acheminent des composants protéiques et lipidiques entre les différents organites ou avec la membrane plasmique. L’élaboration de ces tubulo-vésicules est initiée par le remodelage local d’une membrane, tout d’abord en générant une courbure puis un bourgeon qui, s’allongeant, forme la tubulo-vésicule. Enfin, la rupture de la membrane, ou scission, libère le transporteur nouvellement formé. Ces étapes repose sur un sculptage profond de la membrane. Ceci requière des forces générées par des moteurs moléculaires, lesquels s’associent aux cytosquelettes comme les microtubules ou les filaments d’actine. Afin de mieux comprendre comment le cytosquelette et leurs moteurs façonnent ces transporteurs, nous avons examiné le rôle de l’actine et de la myosine VI dans la formation de tubules membranaires aux mélanosomes. Les mélanosomes sont des organites apparentés aux lysosomes, générés dans les mélanocytes de la peau et de la choroïde de l’œil, et qui sont le lieu de synthèse et de stockage d’un pigment, la mélanine. Dans l’épiderme, ces compartiments spécialisés évoluent par différentes étapes de maturation qui aboutissent à leurs transferts aux cellules voisines, les kératinocytes. Les mélanosomes sont des organites dynamiques qui reçoivent et recyclent constamment des composants membranaires, comme la SNARE VAMP7. Nous résultats montrent que la myosine VI et son adapteur optineurine se localisent à un sous-domaine spécifique de la membrane des mélanosomes, ou elles contrôlent la scission de tubules. En effet, l’activité motrice de la myosine VI et le réseau d’actine branchée, dépendant des complexes Arp2/3 et WASH, permettent la constriction des membranes du tubule et son détachement du mélanosome. Un défaut de scission de ces tubes engendre des mélanosomes plus pigmentés, enrichis en cargos et au pH plus acide. L’altération de l’homéostasie du mélanosome affecte sa fonction, comme sa capacité à être sécrété et transféré aux kératinocytes. Nos résultats démontrent que la myosine VI en coopération avec le cytosquelette d’actine permet la constriction et fission de membranes aux mélanosomes. Les intermédiaires de transport ainsi formés recyclent des protéines cargos pour leur possible réutilisation, et participent ainsi au maintien de l’homéostasie et de la fonction de ces organites
Intracellular transport among organelles and the plasma membrane occurs through the formation and transport of vesicular and tubular membrane carriers. The formation of these carriers requires first the bending of membrane and the generation of a bud, followed by its elongation to form the tubule-vesicle. Lastly, the carrier is released from the membrane source by the scission of the membrane. Importantly, all these different steps need an accurate orchestration to properly deform the membrane. The actions exerted by molecular motors onto microtubule and actin cytoskeletons provide forces onto membrane that contribute to its remodeling during the biogenesis of carrier. Actin filaments (F-actin) and myosins are thought to participate in the initiation and the fission of carriers. However, the role of actin machinery during carrier biogenesis remains elusive. We thus decided to address the role of F-actin and the actin-based motor myosin VI in the formation of tubular intermediates at melanosome. Melanosomes are lysosome-related organelles of skin melanocytes and eye pigment cells that function in the synthesis and storage of the melanin pigment. Melanosomes originate from endosomes and progressively mature into fully pigmented compartments, which fate is to be secreted and transferred to neighboring keratinocytes. Melanosomes are dynamic organelles that constantly receive, but also recycle proteins such as the SNARE VAMP7 through the formation and release of tubular intermediates. Our work reveals that myosin VI, together with Arp2/3- and WASH-mediated branched actin localize at specific melanosomal subdomains where they promote the constriction and scission of tubular intermediates. This fission event allows the export of components such as VAMP7 from melanosomes and promotes their maturation and subsequent transfer to keratinocytes. Altogether, our results uncover a new role for myosin VI and F-actin in the constriction and scission of membrane tubules at melanosome that is required for organelle homeostasis and function

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Lheureux, Karine. "Transduction mécano-chimique dans le muscle squelettique : étude comparative des complexes acto-myosine à l'état monomérique et filamenteux." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T015.

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Books on the topic "Myosine A"

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Coluccio, Lynne M., ed. Myosins. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5.

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Coluccio, Lynne M. Myosins. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6519-4.

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Myosins. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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1933-, Sugi Haruo, and Pollack Gerald H, eds. Mechanism of myofilament sliding in muscle contraction. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.

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Sellers, James R. Motor proteins 2: myosin. London: Academic Press, 1995.

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A, Cross R., and Kendrick-Jones J, eds. Motor proteins: A volume based on the EMBO Workshop, Cambridge, September 1990. Cambridge [England]: Company of Biologists, 1991.

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Syrový, Ivo. Kontraktilní bílkoviny a funkční požadavky svalu. Praha: Academia, 1985.

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Griffiths, Hazel Sylvia. Studies on the properties and function of myosin light chain kinase. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Thomas, D. D. Molecular Interactions of Actin: Actin-Myosin Interaction and Actin-Based Regulation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002.

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Keane, Anita M. Peptide mimetics of an actin-binding site on the myosin head. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Myosine A"

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BÄhler, Martin. "Class Ix Myosins." In Myosins, 391–401. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6519-4_13.

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Stowers, Lisa, Sandeepa Dey, Vladana Vukojević, Yu Ming, and Lars Terenius. "Other Myosins, “Unconventional” Myosins." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1312. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_100966.

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Reichelt, Stefanie, and John Kendrick-Jones. "Myosins." In Actin: A Dynamic Framework for Multiple Plant Cell Functions, 29–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9460-8_2.

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Coluccio, Lynne M. "Myosins." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 3319–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_530.

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Oldfors, Anders. "Myosins." In Muscle Disease, 157–62. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118635469.ch16.

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Gewies, Andreas, Jürgen Ruland, Alexey Kotlyarov, Matthias Gaestel, Shiri Procaccia, Rony Seger, Shin Yasuda, et al. "Myosins." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1177–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_530.

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Gewies, Andreas, Jürgen Ruland, Alexey Kotlyarov, Matthias Gaestel, Shiri Procaccia, Rony Seger, Shin Yasuda, et al. "Myosin II, “Conventional” Myosin." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1169. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_100886.

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Lackner, K. J., and D. Peetz. "Myosin." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_2210-1.

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Lackner, K. J., and D. Peetz. "Myosin." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1711. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_2210.

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Ward, Tony Milford. "Myosin." In Proteins and Tumour Markers May 1995, 1286–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0681-8_54.

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Conference papers on the topic "Myosine A"

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Egan, Paul F., Philip R. LeDuc, Jonathan Cagan, and Christian Schunn. "A Design Exploration of Genetically Engineered Myosin Motors." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48568.

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As technology advances, there is an increasing need to reliably output mechanical work at smaller scales. At the nanoscale, one of the most promising routes is utilizing biomolecular motors such as myosin proteins commonly found in cells. Myosins convert chemical energy into mechanical energy and are strong candidates for use as components of artificial nanodevices and multi-scale systems. Isoforms of the myosin superfamily of proteins are fine-tuned for specific cellular tasks such as intracellular transport, cell division, and muscle contraction. The modular structure that all myosins share makes it possible to genetically engineer them for fine-tuned performance in specific applications. In this study, a parametric analysis is conducted in order to explore the design space of Myosin II isoforms. The crossbridge model for myosin mechanics is used as a basis for a parametric study. The study sweeps commonly manipulated myosin performance variables and explores novel ways of tuning their performance. The analysis demonstrates the extent that myosin designs are alterable. Additionally, the study informs the biological community of gaps in experimentally tabulated myosin design parameters. The study lays the foundation for further progressing the design and optimization of individual myosins, a pivotal step in the eventual utilization of custom-built biomotors for a broad range of innovative nanotechnological devices.

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SIMON, M. F., H. CHAP, and L. DOUSTE-BLAZY. "EFFECTS OF SIN 1 ON PLATELET ACTIVATION INDUCED BY THROMBIN IN HUMAN PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643423.

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The mechanism of platelet activation is well known. The interaction of agonist such as thrombin, on specific membrane receptor induces phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activation, with a concomitant formation of two second messengers (from PIP2): inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 is able to induce a rapid discharge of Ca2+ from internal stores and Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane by unidentified Ca2+ channels linked to receptor activation. The increase of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration leads to the activation of the calcium calmodulin dependent myosine light chain kinase which phosphoryla-tes 20 kD proteins (myosine light chain). DAG is a potent activator of protein kinase C, which phosphorylates 40 kD proteins. These different pathways act in synergism.Sin 1 is a platelet aggregating inhibitor. This compound is an active metabolite of molsidomine, which activates platelet guany-late cyclase, inducing a rapid rise in cyclic GMP level. The precise role of cyclic GMP in platelet activation is not yet known. In order to study the mechanism of action of this drug, we tried to determine the effect of Sin 1 on the different steps described above. We measured Ca2+ fluxes and phospholipase C activation in thrombin (0,5 U/ml) stimulated platelets in the presence of different doses of Sin 1 (10™7-10™3M). Serotonin secretion was inhibited by 30 % with Sin 1 (10™4M-10™5m). A parallel inhibition of phospholipase C was detected by measurement of [32P)-PA level. Platelets loaded with Quin 2 and stimulated by thrombin showed a 70 % inhibition of external Ca2+ influx as soon as a concentration of 10™7M of Sin 1 was added. A study on platelet loaded with [45Ca2+) and Quin 2 confirmed these results. On the contrary, discharge of internal Ca2+ store seemed to be unaffected.In conclusion, the major effect of Sin 1 on platelet phospholipase C pathway is an inhibition of Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane. Some further experiments are necessary to shown whether this inhibition is correlated with cyclic GMP formation (the major effect of Sin 1) and try to establish a relation between this inhibition and that exerted on phospholipase C.Sin 1 was a generous gift of Hoechst.

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Egan, Paul F., Jonathan Cagan, Christian Schunn, and Philip R. LeDuc. "Design of Complex Nano-Scale Systems Using Multi-Agent Simulations and Structure-Behavior-Function Representations." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70291.

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Recent trends in technology are challenging engineers to configure products at ever smaller scales. At the nano-scale, biological protein machines are commonly chosen as a power-source for a broad-range of nano-devices. This paper explores the challenges in designing these and similar systems, such as improving the emergent system performance that arises from the interactions of many stochastic components. We develop a domain-independent methodology, using multi-agent simulations as a means of modeling and predicting emergent system behavior across scales and structure-behavior-function representations for understanding and navigating the resulting design space. This methodology is validated with an application of synthetic myosin motor design at the nanoscale, with simulation results aligning well with the macroscopic performance of myosin-powered muscular contractions. The multi-agent simulation is implemented with myosins modeled as agents, allowing for the virtual design and experimentation of synthetic myosins with altered structures and mechanochemical behaviors. Four myosin populations are designed and simulated, with their emergent system performance determined by aggregating the contributions of each myosin agent over time. Although the multi-agent simulation successfully recreates the emergent behaviors of the myosins, it is difficult to draw conclusions about how each structural variation influences aggregate performance. SBF representations of the system are then developed to describe how the aggregate performance of the system is explainable in terms of myosin behaviors, which map directly to altered myosin structures. It is then demonstrated how an engineer may utilize these representations and experimental results to reason about, and configure a myosin system with optimal performance. The methodology is domain-independent, ensuring its extendibility to similar complex systems while aiding a designer in simplifying a complex physical phenomenon to a design space consisting of only a few critical parameters. The methodology is particularly suited for complex systems with many parts operating stochastically across scales, and should prove invaluable for engineers facing the challenges of biological nanoscale design, where designs with unique properties require novel approaches or useful configurations in nature await discovery.

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Lefort, Claire, Mathieu Chalvidal, Alexis Parenté, Véronique BLANQUET, Henri Massias, Laetitia MAGNOL, and Emilie Chouzenoux. "Imagerie 3D par microscopie multiphotonique appliquée aux sciences du vivant : la chaine instrumentale et computationnelle FAMOUS." In Les journées de l'interdisciplinarité 2022. Limoges: Université de Limoges, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/lji.221.

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Nous présentons une nouvelle stratégie instrumentale et computationnelle appelée FAMOUS (pour fast algorithm for three-dimensional (3D) multiphoton microscopy of biomedical structures) basée sur une approche de microscopie multiphotonique assistée par calcul. Le but est l’amélioration visuelle des images d'échantillons biologiques épais offrant ainsi un nouveau point de vue sur les structures biologiques. L'approche de post-traitement repose sur un algorithme de restauration d'image régularisé, alimenté par une estimation 3D précise de la fonction d'étalement du point (Point Spread Function en anglais, PSF) de l'instrument sur toute la profondeur des structures. Cette dernière étape revient à mesurer, grâce à un algorithme d'ajustement de modèle avancé, les distorsions variant en profondeur de l'image résultant de la combinaison entre la contribution instrumentale et les hétérogénéités du milieu. Les performances du pipeline FAMOUS sont évaluées pour un milieu hétérogène constitué d’un muscle entier de souris. La génération de seconde harmonique (SHG), émise par l'assemblage des chaines de myosine du muscle est enregistrée. Les artefacts optiques issus de la chaîne d'acquisition incluant des hétérogénéités dans les 3 dimensions sont estimés avec les spécificités propres à l’échantillon puis retirées numériquement. Des images brutes et restaurées sur 5 µm de l’ultrastructure fine du muscle illustrent la robustesse du pipeline FAMOUS.

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Aprodu, Iuliana, Alberto Redaelli, Franco Maria Montevecchi, and Monica Soncini. "Mechanical Characterization of Myosin II, Actin and Their Complexes by Molecular Mechanics Approach." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95670.

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The knowledge of the mechanical properties of myosin and actin is of a crucial importance in order to better understand the molecular mechanism of sliding force generation in muscle contraction. The aim of our work was to realize a mechanical characterization of myosin II and actin monomer using the molecular mechanics approach, by assessing the elastic properties of the two proteins, and by establishing the interaction forces between the two monomers of the actomyosin complex, and between myosin’s scissure and adenine nucleotides (ATP and ADP). A restraining method was used in order to modify the axial length of the proteins or the intermolecular distances. The interaction force and the stiffness were calculated as first and second order derivative of the potential energy with respect to the applied elongation and intermolecular distance respectively. According to our results, the values of elastic modulus of myosin motor domain and actin are 0.48 GPa, and 0.13 GPa respectively, and myosin-ATP complex is characterized by an attraction force of 130 pN which is twofold greater than the interaction force between myosin and ADP. As for the actomyosin complex, the interaction force has a maximum value of 180 pN. The results of our simulations comply with theoretical and experimental remarks about mechanical properties of myosin II, actin, and their complex.

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Egan, Paul F., Jonathan Cagan, Christian Schunn, and Philip R. LeDuc. "Utilizing Emergent Levels to Facilitate Complex Systems Design: Demonstrated in a Synthetic Biology Domain." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12072.

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Designing complex systems often requires consideration of many components interacting across vast scales of space and time, thus producing highly challenging design spaces to search. In particular, nano-based technologies may require considerations of how nanoscale (10−9) embodiments affect macroscale (∼100) systems and typically have multiple layers of emergent behavior. It is frequently cited that counter-intuitive properties of emergence complicates design tasks; however, we investigate whether some multiscale emergent systems have organizational levels that may inform more effective design methods and searches. Investigations are conducted by extending an agent-based simulation that predicts the emergent interactions of myosin motors interacting with a motile actin filament. Both the behaviors of individual motors and an ensemble of motors are stochastic, therefore analytical methods are often unable to form accurate design evaluations and computationally intensive simulations are required for investigation. Our modification of the simulation enables the prediction of the duration of time that motors will carry an actin filament before system dissociation (termed its processive life-time), which is a vital performance metric for future nanotechnology designs such as molecular sorters. Virtual experiments were conducted that determines how perturbations of synthetic myosin design configurations, and the number of myosins present, affects emergent ensemble performance with respect to run-length and energy usage. It is found that all systems have nearly identical average processive life-times for a given input energy regardless of how much energy individual myosins utilize. Such a finding reduces the total information that a designer must consider, since it is a fundamental relationship that holds regardless of lower level component configurations. Such relationships may occur in complex systems in additional domains, and knowledge of these emergent relationships could greatly facilitate the efficiencies of design methods and automated searches for future technologies.

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Egan, Paul, Jonathan Cagan, Christian Schunn, Philip LeDuc, Jeffrey Moore, and Felix Chiu. "The D3 Science-to-Design Methodology: Automated and Cognitive-Based Processes for Discovering, Describing, and Designing Complex Nanomechanical Biosystems." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47466.

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New opportunities in design often surface with scientific advances, however, the rapid pace of scientific findings in biological domains, and their complexity, may impede effective technological design. This paper addresses such challenges through weaving phases of scientific discovery, analytical description, and technological design in an integrative “d3 Methodology.” The method is implemented using human-guided automated processes developed with cognitive-based considerations. A case study of designing myosin bio-libraries is specifically investigated, and optimization results suggest that bio-libraries of designed synthetic isoforms have advantages over natural isoforms. The findings are motivating for future scientific endeavors to investigate the benefits of designed myosins, thus demonstrating reciprocity among design and science. The successes in implementing each d3 phase suggests the methodology is a feasible approach for nanoscale biosystems design, and is well-suited for driving the scientific inquiries of today towards the novel technologies of tomorrow.

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Haghshenas-Jaryani, Mahdi, and Alan Bowling. "Multiscale Dynamic Modeling of Flexibility in Myosin V." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13154.

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This paper presents a multiscale dynamic model for the simulation and analysis of flexibility in myosin V. A three dimensional (3D) flexible multibody model is developed to mechanically model the biological structure of myosin V. Experimental studies have shown that myosin’s neck domain can be considered as three pairs of tandem elements which can bend at junctures between them. Therefore, each neck is modeled by three rigid bodies connected by flexible spherical joints. One of the most important issues in dynamic modeling of micro-nanoscale sized biological structures, likes DNA and motor proteins, is the long simulation run time due to the disproportionality between physical parameters involved in their dynamics such as mass, drag coefficient, and stiffness. In order to address this issue, the mostly used models, based on the famous overdamped Langevin dynamics, omit the inertial terms in the equations of motion; that leads to a first order model which is inconsistent with the Newton’s second law. However, the proposed model uses the concept of the method of multiple scales (MMS) that brings all terms of the equations of motion into proportion with each other that helps to retain the inertia terms. This keeps consistency of the model with the physical laws and increases time step size of numerical integration from commonly used sub-femto seconds to sub-milli seconds. Therefore, simulation run time will be many orders of magnitude less than ones based on the other approaches. The simulation results obtained by the proposed multiscale model show more realistic dynamic behavior of myosin V in compared with other models.

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Zhang, Qian, Dong Wang, Run Zhao, and Yinggang Yu. "MyoSign." In IUI '19: 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3301275.3302296.

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Daniel, J. L., and M. Rigmaiden. "Evidence for Ca2+-independent phosphorylation of human platelet myosin." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644527.

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Phosphorylation of platelet myosin is thought to be required for activation of the contractile events occurring during platelet activation. At present the only known mechanism for Onitiating myosin phosphorylation is through a Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent activation of myosin light chain kinase. However, our previous studies using the fluorescent Ca2+-indicator quin2 indicated that both platelet shape change and myosin phosphorylation could be induced in an EGTA-containing media in the absence of a measurable change in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration (Hallam, Daniel, Kendrick-Jones & Rink. Biochem. J. 232 (1985) 373). In order to confirm this finding, we fyave investigated the regulation of myosin phosphorylation usin^+a preparation of electrically-permeabilized platelets and Ca2+ buffers to control the internal Ca2+ concentration. Fifty percent myosin phosphorylation was obtained at 700 nM Ca2+. When thrombin (5 U/ml) was added to this system, this curve shifted both to the left and upward; 50% myosin phosphorylation was obtained at 400 nM Ca2+.A synthetic inhibitor of protein kinase C, H7, had no effect on myosin phosphorylation in the absence of agonist but did inhibit the thrombin-induced shift to left suggesting that protein kinase C may modulate myosin phosphorylation. We also compared the effects of H7 agonist-induced myosin phosphorylation and shape change in control and an quin2 loaded platelets. Comparable inhibition of both phosphorylation and the rate of shape change was observed with both quin2 and H7. Addition of H7 to quin2-loaded platelets resulted in complete inhibition of both agonist-induced shape change and myosin phosphorylation. These results indicate that both protein kinase C and Ca2+-dependent reactions are involved in complete expression of myosin phosphorylation in human platelets.

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Reports on the topic "Myosine A"

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Sadot, Einat, Christopher Staiger, and Mohamad Abu-Abied. Studies of Novel Cytoskeletal Regulatory Proteins that are Involved in Abiotic Stress Signaling. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592652.bard.

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In the original proposal we planned to focus on two proteins related to the actin cytoskeleton: TCH2, a touch-induced calmodulin-like protein which was found by us to interact with the IQ domain of myosin VIII, ATM1; and ERD10, a dehydrin which was found to associate with actin filaments. As reported previously, no other dehydrins were found to interact with actin filaments. In addition so far we were unsuccessful in confirming the interaction of TCH2 with myosin VIII using other methods. In addition, no other myosin light chain candidates were found in a yeast two hybrid survey. Nevertheless we have made a significant progress in our studies of the role of myosins in plant cells. Plant myosins have been implicated in various cellular activities, such as cytoplasmic streaming (1, 2), plasmodesmata function (3-5), organelle movement (6-10), cytokinesis (4, 11, 12), endocytosis (4, 5, 13-15) and targeted RNA transport (16). Plant myosins belong to two main groups of unconventional myosins: myosin XI and myosin VIII, both closely related to myosin V (17-19). The Arabidopsis myosin family contains 17 members: 13 myosin XI and four myosin VIII (19, 20). The data obtained from our research of myosins was published in two papers acknowledging BARD funding. To address whether specific myosins are involved with the motility of specific organelles, we cloned the cDNAs from neck to tail of all 17 Arabidopsis myosins. These were fused to GFP and used as dominant negative mutants that interact with their cargo but are unable to walk along actin filaments. Therefore arrested organelle movement in the presence of such a construct shows that a particular myosin is involved with the movement of that particular organelle. While no mutually exclusive connections between specific myosins and organelles were found, based on overexpression of dominant negative tail constructs, a group of six myosins (XIC, XIE, XIK, XI-I, MYA1 and MYA2) were found to be more important for the motility of Golgi bodies and mitochondria in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum (8). Further deep and thorough analysis of myosin XIK revealed a potential regulation by head and tail interaction (Avisar et al., 2011). A similar regulatory mechanism has been reported for animal myosin V and VIIa (21, 22). In was shown that myosin V in the inhibited state is in a folded conformation such that the tail domain interacts with the head domain, inhibiting its ATPase and actinbinding activities. Cargo binding, high Ca2+, and/or phosphorylation may reduce the interaction between the head and tail domains, thus restoring its activity (23). Our collaborative work focuses on the characterization of the head tail interaction of myosin XIK. For this purpose the Israeli group built yeast expression vectors encoding the myosin XIK head. In addition, GST fusions of the wild-type tail as well as a tail mutated in the amino acids that mediate head to tail interaction. These were sent to the US group who is working on the isolation of recombinant proteins and performing the in vitro assays. While stress signals involve changes in Ca2+ levels in plants cells, the cytoplasmic streaming is sensitive to Ca2+. Therefore plant myosin activity is possibly regulated by stress. This finding is directly related to the goal of the original proposal.

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Sanders, Luraynne. Cell Adhesion, Signaling and Myosin in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392857.

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Sanders, Luraynne C. Cell Adhesion, Signaling and Myosin in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada382496.

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Chew, Teng-Leong. Regulation of Actin-Myosin Cytoskeletal Changes Involved in Cancer Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada396798.

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Hofmann, Wilma A. The Role of a Novel Myosin Isoform in Prostate Cancer Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada593300.

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Zhang, John Q. Post-Myocardial Infarction and Exercise Training on Myosin Heavy Chain and Cardiac Function. Science Repository, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jicoa.2019.01.08.

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Schiefelbein, J. Molecular genetics of myosin motors in Arabidopsis. Final report, July 1, 1992--June 30, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/486111.

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Staiger, Christopher. Regulation of Cell Wall Assembly: Myosin and Exocyst Involvement in Cellulose Synthase Delivery to the Plasma Membrane. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1840725.

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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter B. Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham H. Halevy. Inhibition of the Gravitropic Shoot Bending in Stored Cut Flowers Through Control of Their Graviperception: Involvement of the Cytoskeleton and Cytosolic Calcium. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586533.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to study the mechanism involved in shoot graviperception and early transduction, in order to determine the sequence of events operating in this process. This will enable to control the entire process of gravity-induced differential growth without affecting vertical growth processes essential for development. Thus, several new postulated interactions, operating at the perception and early transduction stages of the signaling cascade leading to auxin-mediated bending, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon spikes and oat shoot pulvini, according to the following research goals: 1) Establish the role of amyloplasts as gravireceptors in shoots; 2) Investigate gravity-induced changes in the integrity of shoot actin cytoskeleton (CK); 3) Study the cellular interactions among actin CK, statoliths and cell membranes (endoplasmic reticulum - ER, plasma membrane - PM) during shoot graviperception; 4) Examine mediation of graviperception by modulations of cytosolic calcium - [Ca2+]cyt, and other second messengers (protein phosphorylation, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate - IP3). Revisions: 1) Model system: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) spikes and oat (Avena sativa) shoot pulvini, the model system of maize (Zea mays) primary roots was targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for graviperception. 2) Research topic: brassinolide, which were not included in the original plan, were examined for their regulatory role in gravity perception and signal transduction in roots, in relation to auxin and ethylene. Background to the topic: The negative gravitropic response of shoots is a complex multi-step process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel. Most of the long-lasting studies regarding the link between graviperception and cellular components were focused mainly on roots, and there are relatively few reports on shoot graviperception. Our previous project has successfully characterized several key events occurring during shoot bending of cut flowers and oat pulvini, including amyloplast displacement, hormonal interactions and differential growth analysis. Based on this evidence, the present project has focused on studying the initial graviperception process in flowering stems and cereal shoots. Major conclusions and achievements: 1) The actin and not the microtubule (MT) CK is involved in the graviperception of snapdragon shoots. 2) Gravisensing, exhibited by amyloplast displacement, and early transduction events (auxin redistribution) in the gravitropic response of snapdragon spikes are mediated by the acto-myosin complex. 3) MTs are involved in stem directional growth, which occurs during gravitropism of cut snapdragon spikes, but they are not necessary for the gravity-induced differential growth. 4) The role of amyloplasts as gravisensors in the shoot endodermis was demonstrated for both plant systems. 5) A gravity-induced increase in IP.

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Molecular genetics of myosin motors in Arabidopsis. Progress report, [July 1, 1992--February 28, 1994]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10159300.

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