Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Myopathie pseudo-hypertrophique de Duchenne – Thérapie génique'
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Goyenvalle, Aurélie. "Développement d'une stratégie thérapeutique pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne : Restauration du cadre de lecture par saut d'exon." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077104.
Full textMost cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are caused by dystrophin gene mutations that disrupt the mRNA reading frame. In some cases, forced exclusion of a single exon can restore the reading frame, given rise to a shorter, but still functional dystrophin protein. Our objective in this work was to produce antisense sequences targeting splice junctions of dystrophin gene to induce removal of disease-associated exons during pre-mRNA processing. To achieve this exon-skipping, we proposed to use the U7 small nuclear RNA as carrier and we first developed AAV vectors harboring chimeric U7snRNA carrying antisense sequences able to promote skipping of exon 23 of the murine dystrophine gene. After intramuscular or intra-arterial injection in mdx mice, we detected efficient skipping of the exon 23 and a long term rescue of dystrophin expression. We next evaluated this strategy in the canine GRMD model and showed the possibility to skip several exons, leading to a very large restoration of dystrophin in injected muscles. These promising results obtained on the mouse and canine models led us to develop the strategy on the human dystrophin gene and especially on the exon 51. We confirmed the skipping of the exon 51 both in vitro in patient myoblasts after transduction with the lentiviral vector and in vivo after intramuscular injection of an AAV-U7ex51 vector in the transgenic hDMD mouse. This study provides evidence on the efficiency of the U7snRNA mediated exon skipping strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, that could concern more than 80% of patients and offers very promising tools for clinical treatment of DMD
Vincent, Lacaze Nathalie. "Expression du gène de la dystrophine et perspectives thérapeutiques des dystrophines musculaires de Duchenne et de Becker." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD12.
Full textRouger, Karl. "Analyse de l'expression de gènes chez la souris déficiente en dystrophine (mdx), au moyen des puces à ADN." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT03VS.
Full textLéger, Adrien. "Pharmacologie moléculaire des vecteurs adéno-associés in situ dans le muscle squelettique : implications de la régulation épigénétique endogène sur l'expression du génome recombinant." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=1a1c348c-0066-4b62-9b03-7a811ea7abfb.
Full textRecombinant AAV vectors have become increasingly popular in the field of gene therapy and promise to provide a treatment to numerous diseases including the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although they are among the most efficient vectors for in vivo gene transfer, improving transgene expression level will be a challenge to be face to achieve a therapeutic level without increasing the administered doses. In mammals, gene expression is widely controlled by epigenetic mechanisms, including promoter DNA methylation and histones post-translational modifications (HPTM). Interestingly, severe perturbations of these 2 mechanisms were described in muscles of DMD patients. Though it was reported that a transgene carried by gene therapy vectors can be targeted by repressive epigenetic modifications leading eventually to a reduced therapeutic benefit, there is virtually no information regarding epigenetic regulations of rAAV genome. First, we decided to determine if the efficiency of rAAV mediated gene expression is negatively impacted by epigenetic mechanisms in the muscle of primate and mouse. Second, we investigated the potential involvement of these mechanisms in the dystrophin deficient muscle by comparing healthy and DMD mice model. We obtained results suggesting an involvement of repressive HPTM in a partial restriction of rAAV mediated gene expression in vivo. This effect seems to be exacerbated in the dystrophynopathic muscle. Ultimately, we plan to counteract this repression using suitable chromatin modifying drugs
Monceau, Alexandra. "Effet de l'exercice physique, combiné ou non à une thérapie génique, sur la fonction musculaire de modèles murins de dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS172.pdf.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene encoding dystrophin, a protein essential for the integrity of the skeletal muscle fiber. Its absence causes increased muscle fragility, and extreme muscle weakness. Currently, there is no curative treatment, but the use of several combined therapeutic approaches seems promising. We tested the idea that regular physical activity could be a way to decrease dystrophic symptoms of skeletal muscle, especially those related to muscle function, in mice models of DMD. First, we evaluated the effect of chronic endurance exercise when combined with overexpression of Prox1, a transcription factor known to promote slower fibers in healthy muscle, which are less affected in DMD. We demonstrated that this combination allowed to decrease muscle fragility in mdx mice, the classical mouse model of DMD, and thus had the potential to stop the progression of the disease. Subsequently, we were interested in the effect of chronic endurance exercise when combined with gene therapy, which restores dystrophin expression, in D2-mdx mouse, a severe model of DMD. We showed that chronic endurance exercise decreased the efficiency of the gene therapy, by decreasing the restoration of dystrophin. Finally, we characterized the effects of chronic resistance exercise in D2-mdx mice. Our results indicate an incredibly significant improvement in muscle function in response to mechanical overload, without obvious muscle damage in this severe model
Dupont, Jean-Baptiste. "Pharmacologie moléculaire des vecteurs adéno-associés recombinants dans le muscle squelettique déficient en dystrophine." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=74cd08ba-0755-4c2f-857d-e2219afdd24c.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Dystrophin protein. In the absence of Dystrophin, muscle cells endure a variety of mechanical and metabolic perturbations, progressively leading to their degeneration. With no curative treatment to date, gene therapy emerged recently as a promising strategy, notably thanks to the use of recombinant vectors derived from the Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV). Nonetheless, the long term benefits of this strategy are controversial, and recent studies conducted in DMD animal models suggest that transgene expression is only transient. In parallel, rAAV vector molecular fate following administration in Dystrophin-deficient muscles remains almost entirely unexplored. However, it could be deeply modified given the cell and tissue remodeling observed in dystrophic muscles. The work presented in this PhD manuscript aims to decipher the consequences of the absence of Dystrophin on rAAV vector efficiency and long term persistence. In the first place, this work consisted in the quantification of rAAV vector efficiency in murine Dystrophin-deficient muscles. Then, we identified restriction factors with potential negative impacts on the stability of rAAV vector genomes and transgene mRNA. Finally, we explored an alternative strategy combining gene therapy with a relevant pharmacological treatment with the aim to counteract these restriction factors. In the end, this kind of approach may help optimize future rAAV-mediated gene therapy protocols to be subsequently applied in DMD patients
Vulin, Adeline. "Restauration de la dystrophine par saut d'exons chez le modèle canin GRMD ; Augmentation de la masse musculaire par inhibition de la myostatine : rationnel thérapeutique pour DMD ?" Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003942550204611&vid=upec.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive devastating disorder that remains incurable in spite of development of different therapeutic strategies. We decided to work on two original approaches. Our first aim was to setup molecular tools for post-transcriptional correction by targeting exon skipping of frequent out-of-frame deletions in the dystrophin gene and obtain a shorter but functional protein. We have achieved persistent exon skipping by a single administration of an AAV vector expressing antisense sequences linked to a modified U7 small nuclear RNA. Our results show the sustained production of functional dystrophin at physiological levels in injected muscles of GRMD dog model and the correction of the muscular dystrophy. Our second aim was to improve the DMD phenotype by increasing the skeletal muscle mass thanks to the down-regulation of myostatin and verify a possible improvement of the muscular regeneration. We have demonstrated that the propeptide of myostatin is an effective agent for increasing muscle mass and the functional benefit continue to be established in dystrophic mouse and dog models
Dias, Florencio Leite Gabriella. "Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viruses : process development and gene transfer application for muscular dystrophy." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV051/document.
Full textThe interest of recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) vectors for research and clinical purposes in the treatment of genetic diseases have led to the rapid evolution of methods for AAV production in the last two decades (Ayuso et al., 2010). Their broad in vivo biodistribution and long-term efficacy in postmitotic tissues make them good candidates for numerous gene transfer applications. In addition, the specificity of the treatment can be increased when the right serotype is chosen to target a specific tissue. Among the production methods currently in use, tri-transfection of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells remains the most popular for research scale; and rAAV production mediated by baculoviruses for larger scales. The increasing importance of viral vectors in the practical application of gene therapy demands the improvement of production processes, especially when it concerns the yields and purity of the final product. My work during these four years was focused in two main points: (1) improve biotechnological processes employed in rAAV production for research and pre-clinical study scales and (2) test in vitro and in vivo the applications for rAAV in the field of genome editing. Gene-editing mediated by engineered nucleases offers new hopes for the treatment of several monogenic inherited diseases. Recently discovered, the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) Cas9 system provides important tools needed to correct by homology-directed repair mutations. Our canonical model is the mdx mouse, a naturally occurring animal model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD mutations, which lead to the absence of the protein dystrophin, results in a progressive and fatal myopathy. Several strategies, from pharmacological to exon-skipping strategies, have attempt to revert the phenotype and slow down the disease progress, however results are not yet satisfactory. This new and powerful genome editing tool can be vectorized by rAAV. Results for the first part were published in 2015 and 2016 and will be presented in the form of articles and for the second part I will present preliminary results and perspectives for the work that will be continued in the lab
Bensalah, Mona. "Fibrose musculaire : acteurs cellulaires et stratégies thérapeutiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS031.pdf.
Full textFibrosis is described as an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins that replace tissue and alter its function. In skeletal muscle, fibrosis is a pathological feature common to many dystrophies including Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD) and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). In many tissues, resident cells called fibroblasts seem to have a key role in establishing and maintaining fibrosis, however, the exact nature and role of these cells in human muscle fibrosis are still very poorly defined. In this context, we characterized the non-myogenic cell population (CD56- cells) of control and fibrotic muscles and showed that CD56- fibrotic muscle cells have a different phenotype than control muscle cells (proliferative capacity, sensitivity to TGF-β, secretion, impact on fusion and regeneration). Our study highlights the importance of the cross-talk between cell types within the muscle, especially fibrotic and dystrophic muscle. Currently, many anti-fibrotic gene therapy strategies are being developed but while most of them prevent the apparition of fibrosis, none has yet been able to revert pre-existing fibrosis. In this context, we first compared 10 serotypes of AAV by intramuscular injection to evaluate whether one of these serotype was able to transduce fibroblasts in vivo and whether fibrosis impair the transduction of muscle fibers. Then we tested the anti-fibrotic therapeutic potential of AAV-Relaxin (RLN) on DBA/2-mdx mice, model for DMD. Altogether these studies will allow us to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in muscle fibrosis and to develop effective anti-fibrotic strategies
Chassagne, Julie. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans l’efficacité de transduction des vecteurs AAV dans le muscle dystrophique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS514.pdf.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of dystrophin and causing severe muscle degeneration. No curative treatment exists today but AAV-based gene therapy is one of the most promising strategies for treating DMD. Despite the well-established efficacy of AAV serotype 8 (AAV8) for gene transfer into muscle, high doses of vectors are required to achieve therapeutic efficacy in DMD animal models. In this context, I aimed at investigating the mechanisms that may limit the transduction efficiency of the AAV8 vector in dystrophic muscle. For this, I studied the fate of the AAV vector in the DMD muscle and then characterized the endosomal system, essential for the transport and maturation of AAV vectors, in different models of DMD. We have shown that the transduction efficiency of AAV8 is lower in DMD muscle cells compared to controls. The dysfunction of the endosomal system identified in this study may impact AAV vector gene transfer into these cells. Moreover, improving the efficiency of AAV vectors in gene therapy also requires a better understanding of cellular proteins that interact with the viral genome and regulate its expression. In this context, we have shown that the transcription factors RFX1 and RFX3 are able to interact with the ITR region of the viral genome and to modulate the expression of AAV vectors
Perronnet, Caroline. "Etude de thérapies génique et pharmacologique visant à restaurer les capacités cognitives d’un modèle murin de la Dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112009.
Full textTherapies have been developed to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD, due to mutation in the dystrophin gene), but their ability to restore the cognitive deficits associated with this syndrome has not been yet studied. We explored two therapeutic approaches to compensate for the brain alterations resulting from the loss of dystrophin in the mdx mouse, a model of DMD. A pharmacological approach based on the overexpression of utrophin, a dystrophin homologue, does not alleviate the behavioural deficits in these mice. In contrast, a genetic intervention based on the splicing of the mutated exon leads to the restoration of endogenous dystrophin and a recovery of brain alterations such as the clustering of GABAA receptors and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in mdx mice. These results suggest a role for dystrophin in adult brain plasticity and indicate that this gene therapy approach is applicable to the treatment of cognitive impairments in DMD
Messaoud, Khelifi Mouna. "Etude de séquences cis-régulatrices d'épissage dans le gène DMD : rôle dans la régulation des pseudoexons et intérêt pour le saut d'exon thérapeutique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON13521/document.
Full textSplicing of pre-messenger RNAs to mature transcripts is a crucial step in eukaryotic gene expression. The recognition of exon by the splicing machinery involves different cis-regulatory elements, including the splice site motifs and auxiliary sequences, which can act by stimulating or repressing splicing. The pre-mRNA represents a new therapeutic target for the treatment of genetic diseases. Notably, the exon skipping strategy is currently one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It intends to restore the expression of a partially functional protein by interfering with the splicing process, and converts the severe DMD phenotype into the moderate form of the disease, Becker muscular Dystrophy (BMD). Antisense oligonucleotides are used to mask the splicing signals involved in exon recognition by the spliceosome to induce its skipping from the mature transcript and restore an open reading frame. The determination of the best target sequence of the AONs is one of the major hurdles to overcome. For the DMD gene, a bioinformatic and statistical analysis combined with minigenes studies allowed us to establish that targeting binding sites for the splicing factor SF2/ASF maximizes the AONs efficiency. In a second part of this work, we investigated the splicing regulation of pseudoexons in the DMD gene, in particular the mechanisms leading to the inclusion of these intronic sequences in the mature transcript in pathological conditions. The study of two exceptional cases of pseudoexons activation associated with rare intronic rearrangements (double-deletions, inversion) expands the spectrum of missplicing mutations, and demonstrates the potential role of pure intronic rearrangements in human pathology
Escriou, Catherine. "Étude préclinique de deux stratégies thérapeutiques systémiques de la myopathie de Duchenne dans le modèle canin GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) : surexpression de l'utrophine par la voie du monoxyde d'azote, thérapie cellulaire médiée par la greffe de moelle osseuse." Paris 12, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA120006.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a lethal X-linked childhood myopathy caused by mutations that abolish the expression of dystrophin in muscle. Among natural models of DMD, the canine model offers the best phenocopy for human disease, and is considered a high benchmark for preclinical studies. In this work, dystrophic dogs were used to evaluate the clinical relevance of two promising systemic therapeutical strategy elaborated in the murine model. A. Utrophin overexpression and the NO way. If we observed a slight but significant utrophin overexpression in the muscle of normal control dog treated by L-arginin or Molsidomin, we couldn't discriminate the same modification in GRMD muscle as it exhibits spontaneous strong utrophin overexpression. Using a combination of clinical, biochemical, and histological evaluation, we couldn't neither demonstrate a therapeutic benefit. In conclusion, the NO way to induce utrophin overexpression remains pertinent but very efficient molecules need to be developed as a very high utrophin amount seems a prerequisite to obtain therapeutic benefit. B. Cell therapy and bone marrow transplantation. The myogenic participation of stem cells was evaluated in normal bone marrow engrafted dystrophic dogs. Although clinical investigations showed no obvious improvement of the dystrophic phenotype, significant increased of dystrophin positive fibers (DPF) number in dystrophic muscles were detected. This study confirmed the promising potential of stem cell transplantation, however the low level of DPF observed limit their therapeutic relevance and impose further studies to mobilize these cells out of the bone marrow compartment and attract them into the damaged muscle
Fornasari, Benoît. "Les cellules souches dérivées du muscle (MDSC) : isolement dans deux modèles gros animaux et évaluation comme candidates à la thérapie de la Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne (DMD)." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=3d5cd2fe-7068-4cd9-8e37-7618e6017684.
Full textTherapeutic approaches for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by myoblast transplantation have been hindered by poor survival rates and the limited spread of the injected cells. Stem cell identification in adult tissues and the definition of their myogenic potential have open new prospects. First, we used the muscle-derived cell’s adhesion properties in an avian model to isolate progenitor cells residing in skeletal muscle and that are distinct from myoblasts: the LAC (Late-Adherent Cells). Using the preplating technique, we showed that a marginal cell fraction displays an initial adhesion defect to collagen matrix and that it is composed of cells poorly committed in myogenic program and immature progenitor cells, as this has been previously described in mice model. Also, we demonstrated that this defect could not be attributed to the methodological approach and that the LAC are not generated in vitro by myoblasts. Second, we showed in canine model that the LAC are characterized by an initial quiescent status, a high in vitro proliferation rate as well as a low fusion ability, a phenotype and a multi-lineage differentiation potential that defined them as muscle stem cells: the MDSC (Muscle Derived Stem Cells). After intramuscular injection in dystrophic GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) dogs that represent clinically relevant animal model for DMD, we established that MDSC are able to participate in muscle fiber formation, to allow recovery of dystrophin expression and to generate satellite cells. Collectively, these results qualify MDSC as potential candidates for future cell therapy for DMD
Mauduit, David. "Thérapie cellulaire dans un modèle préclinique de Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne : Développement par édition génomique de cellules thérapeutiques et traçables in vivo par imagerie médicale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0085.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked recessive myopathy, is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. One boy out of 5000 is affected by this disease, which induces a progressive loss of skeletal striated and cardiac muscles. To date, DMD remains an invalidating disease and there is no cure for it. People suffering from DMD usually die in their 30’s. Among the innovative therapies currently under development, cell therapy is a promising strategy. However, it has some limitations related notably to a low efficiency of tested therapeutic cells and their tracking in vivo after injection. The first aim of this thesis is to develop an imaging method allowing non-invasive monitoring of biodistribution and survival of cells at the scale of a large organism, following systemic injection in the GRMD dog (Golden retriever muscular Dystrophy, a relevant animal model of DMD, as it replicates finely the DMD phenotype). We took interest in the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as an imaging reporter. We induced the expression of the NIS in myogenic cells to allow visualization of the cells by scintigraphy thanks to its ability to uptake technetium 99m. We showed that NIS is functional in the cells and they maintain their ability to differentiate. Primary cells have a limited self-renewal capability restraining their use in human cell therapy and gene editing. To overcome this limitation, we used several protocols to derive induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from adult canine cells. Furthermore, to avoid immune suppression protocols, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools to design a correction strategy of the GRMD mutation for future autologous injections. We also used CRISPR/Cas9 to perform a targeted integration of the NIS gene in a safe harbor locus. Results allow us to develop protocols to compare the therapeutic potential of candidate cells in a preclinical model of DMD
Etienne, Jessy. "Caractérisation des progéniteurs cellulaires exprimant les aldéhydes déshydrogénases (ALDH) dans des modèles sains et dystrophiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066721.
Full textCell therapy is a regenerative medicine strategy considered for the treatment of cardiac or skeletal muscle diseases. The cellular progenitors used to date (myoblasts or mesenchymal stem cells) provided mitigated success, thus mandating the identification and characterization of new categories of progenitors. Our laboratory has identified new populations of progenitors, based on their Aldehyde Deshydrogenase activity (ALDH) detectable using the fluorescent substrate Aldefluor, associated with the expression of the CD34 marker. ALDH are involved in metabolism and detoxification of aldehydes, they play important roles in cell survival and differentiation and are considered a new marker of stem cells. The present project allowed characterizing extensively the myogenic (ALDH+/CD34-) and non myogenic (ALDH+/CD34+) progenitors, in several physiopathological contexts and animal models. The presence of ALDH+/CD34- cells in distinct muscle groups in Human and non-human Primates, their persistence through natural ageing and despite the ongoing degenerative process observed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Human patients and animal models suggest their future use for therapeutic applications. The phenotypic characterization indicated that membrane markers are associated to myogenic or non myogenic sub-populations of ALDH cells. The comparison on their efficacies in vito and in vivo will allow proposing new candidates for cell therapy. In parallele, histological and cytological analysis identified cell populations expressing isoenzymes The analysis of gene expressions suggested that, at least, some of them are involved in muscle homeostasis in situ or in vitro
Ding, Can. "The influence of Notch over-stimulation on muscle stem cell quiescence versus proliferation, and on muscle regeneration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066399.
Full textMuscle stem cell transplantation possesses great potential for long-term repair of dys-trophic muscle. However expansion of muscle stem cells ex vivo significantly reduces their engraftment efficiency since the myogenic potential is dramatically lost in culture. The Notch signaling pathway has emerged as a major regulator of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and it has recently been discovered that high Notch activity is crucial for maintaining stemness in MuSCs. This feature might be exploited and developed into a novel therapeutic approach.Murine MuSCs were freshly isolated and seeded on culture vessels coated with Dll1-Fc, which fused Delta-like-1 extracellular domain with human Fc, to activate Notch sig-naling and with human IgG as a control. The rAAV gene delivery system was em-ployed to express Dll1 in murine muscles. P3 mice were treated with AAV for 3 weeks and 6 weeks to investigate the effect of Dll1 during postnatal development. To investi-gate the regeneration process, AAV were injected into mdx muscles whereas wild-type mice were used as control.Higher potential stemness (marked by Pax7 positivity) was observed in MuSCs grow-ing on a Dll1-Fc surface as compared to their counterparts on the control surface, while their proliferation rate was reduced. During postnatal development, overstimulation of Notch signaling by Dll1 on the mus-cle fibers was able to enlarge the Pax7+ cell pool, while also resulting in decreased muscle mass and smaller muscle fibers without affecting the accretion of myonuclei into the fiber. In quiescent (wild-type) MuSCs, overstimulation of Notch signaling did not have any discernible effect. Overexpression of Dll1 in mdx muscle decreased the muscle mass and enlarged the muscle stem cell pool, while muscle regeneration re-mained unaffected. By investigating Notch stimulation in MuSCs both in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrate that high Notch activity preserves stemness via inhibition of MuSCs proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Our findings point out that the Dll1 molecule, as a canonical Notch ligand, might have a therapeutic potential in cell-based therapies against muscu-lar dystrophies
Etienne, Jessy. "Caractérisation des progéniteurs cellulaires exprimant les aldéhydes déshydrogénases (ALDH) dans des modèles sains et dystrophiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066721/document.
Full textCell therapy is a regenerative medicine strategy considered for the treatment of cardiac or skeletal muscle diseases. The cellular progenitors used to date (myoblasts or mesenchymal stem cells) provided mitigated success, thus mandating the identification and characterization of new categories of progenitors. Our laboratory has identified new populations of progenitors, based on their Aldehyde Deshydrogenase activity (ALDH) detectable using the fluorescent substrate Aldefluor, associated with the expression of the CD34 marker. ALDH are involved in metabolism and detoxification of aldehydes, they play important roles in cell survival and differentiation and are considered a new marker of stem cells. The present project allowed characterizing extensively the myogenic (ALDH+/CD34-) and non myogenic (ALDH+/CD34+) progenitors, in several physiopathological contexts and animal models. The presence of ALDH+/CD34- cells in distinct muscle groups in Human and non-human Primates, their persistence through natural ageing and despite the ongoing degenerative process observed in Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Human patients and animal models suggest their future use for therapeutic applications. The phenotypic characterization indicated that membrane markers are associated to myogenic or non myogenic sub-populations of ALDH cells. The comparison on their efficacies in vito and in vivo will allow proposing new candidates for cell therapy. In parallele, histological and cytological analysis identified cell populations expressing isoenzymes The analysis of gene expressions suggested that, at least, some of them are involved in muscle homeostasis in situ or in vitro
Ding, Can. "The influence of Notch over-stimulation on muscle stem cell quiescence versus proliferation, and on muscle regeneration." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066399/document.
Full textMuscle stem cell transplantation possesses great potential for long-term repair of dys-trophic muscle. However expansion of muscle stem cells ex vivo significantly reduces their engraftment efficiency since the myogenic potential is dramatically lost in culture. The Notch signaling pathway has emerged as a major regulator of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and it has recently been discovered that high Notch activity is crucial for maintaining stemness in MuSCs. This feature might be exploited and developed into a novel therapeutic approach.Murine MuSCs were freshly isolated and seeded on culture vessels coated with Dll1-Fc, which fused Delta-like-1 extracellular domain with human Fc, to activate Notch sig-naling and with human IgG as a control. The rAAV gene delivery system was em-ployed to express Dll1 in murine muscles. P3 mice were treated with AAV for 3 weeks and 6 weeks to investigate the effect of Dll1 during postnatal development. To investi-gate the regeneration process, AAV were injected into mdx muscles whereas wild-type mice were used as control.Higher potential stemness (marked by Pax7 positivity) was observed in MuSCs grow-ing on a Dll1-Fc surface as compared to their counterparts on the control surface, while their proliferation rate was reduced. During postnatal development, overstimulation of Notch signaling by Dll1 on the mus-cle fibers was able to enlarge the Pax7+ cell pool, while also resulting in decreased muscle mass and smaller muscle fibers without affecting the accretion of myonuclei into the fiber. In quiescent (wild-type) MuSCs, overstimulation of Notch signaling did not have any discernible effect. Overexpression of Dll1 in mdx muscle decreased the muscle mass and enlarged the muscle stem cell pool, while muscle regeneration re-mained unaffected. By investigating Notch stimulation in MuSCs both in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrate that high Notch activity preserves stemness via inhibition of MuSCs proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Our findings point out that the Dll1 molecule, as a canonical Notch ligand, might have a therapeutic potential in cell-based therapies against muscu-lar dystrophies
Gonzalez-Hilarion, Sara Sofia. "Identification d’inhibiteurs du nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) et utilisation comme approche thérapeutique dans certaines maladies génétiques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S049/document.
Full textMRNAs harboring a premature termination codon are rapidly degraded by a mechanism called nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). NMD is a surveillance pathway that prevents the synthesis of truncated proteins that could be harmful for the cell or simply be non-functional. However in some cases, depending on the position of the premature stop codon, the truncated protein that would be synthesized if there were no NMD would be partially or fully as functional as the wild-type protein. It is noteworthy that premature termination codons are found in approximately one-third of inherited genetic disorders and several forms of cancer. In most of cases the disease arises not because a non-functional or unstable truncated protein is synthesized, but instead because the degradation of the transcript by NMD leads to complete loss of protein production. Therefore, NMD inhibition could be an interesting therapeutic approach in some cases of nonsense-related genetic diseases in which functional truncated proteins can restore the clinical phenotype. We decided to search for NMD inhibitors among thousands of small molecules. We developed a cell-based screening method which couples NMD efficiency into the cell to a luciferase activity that can be measured directly into cells by a luminometer. From a screening of approximately 1500 compounds, we have identified one molecule capable of efficiently inhibit NMD. Interestingly, this compound is also able to induce the synthesis of full-length proteins from an mRNA bearing a premature termination codon. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of this compound in different cellular models of genetic disorders such as Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis and cancer. Our results demonstrate that NMD inhibition in general can be considered as an useful therapeutic approach to rescue PTC consequences in genetic diseases provoked by the apparition of a nonsense mutation. We have also identified another compound that inhibits NMD and uncovers a relationship between the NMD efficiency and the integrity of the cytoskeleton