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Academic literature on the topic 'Myopathie pseudo-hypertrophique de Duchenne – Thérapeutique par l'exercice'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Myopathie pseudo-hypertrophique de Duchenne – Thérapeutique par l'exercice"
Monceau, Alexandra. "Effet de l'exercice physique, combiné ou non à une thérapie génique, sur la fonction musculaire de modèles murins de dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS172.pdf.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene encoding dystrophin, a protein essential for the integrity of the skeletal muscle fiber. Its absence causes increased muscle fragility, and extreme muscle weakness. Currently, there is no curative treatment, but the use of several combined therapeutic approaches seems promising. We tested the idea that regular physical activity could be a way to decrease dystrophic symptoms of skeletal muscle, especially those related to muscle function, in mice models of DMD. First, we evaluated the effect of chronic endurance exercise when combined with overexpression of Prox1, a transcription factor known to promote slower fibers in healthy muscle, which are less affected in DMD. We demonstrated that this combination allowed to decrease muscle fragility in mdx mice, the classical mouse model of DMD, and thus had the potential to stop the progression of the disease. Subsequently, we were interested in the effect of chronic endurance exercise when combined with gene therapy, which restores dystrophin expression, in D2-mdx mouse, a severe model of DMD. We showed that chronic endurance exercise decreased the efficiency of the gene therapy, by decreasing the restoration of dystrophin. Finally, we characterized the effects of chronic resistance exercise in D2-mdx mice. Our results indicate an incredibly significant improvement in muscle function in response to mechanical overload, without obvious muscle damage in this severe model
Goyenvalle, Aurélie. "Développement d'une stratégie thérapeutique pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne : Restauration du cadre de lecture par saut d'exon." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077104.
Full textMost cases of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are caused by dystrophin gene mutations that disrupt the mRNA reading frame. In some cases, forced exclusion of a single exon can restore the reading frame, given rise to a shorter, but still functional dystrophin protein. Our objective in this work was to produce antisense sequences targeting splice junctions of dystrophin gene to induce removal of disease-associated exons during pre-mRNA processing. To achieve this exon-skipping, we proposed to use the U7 small nuclear RNA as carrier and we first developed AAV vectors harboring chimeric U7snRNA carrying antisense sequences able to promote skipping of exon 23 of the murine dystrophine gene. After intramuscular or intra-arterial injection in mdx mice, we detected efficient skipping of the exon 23 and a long term rescue of dystrophin expression. We next evaluated this strategy in the canine GRMD model and showed the possibility to skip several exons, leading to a very large restoration of dystrophin in injected muscles. These promising results obtained on the mouse and canine models led us to develop the strategy on the human dystrophin gene and especially on the exon 51. We confirmed the skipping of the exon 51 both in vitro in patient myoblasts after transduction with the lentiviral vector and in vivo after intramuscular injection of an AAV-U7ex51 vector in the transgenic hDMD mouse. This study provides evidence on the efficiency of the U7snRNA mediated exon skipping strategy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, that could concern more than 80% of patients and offers very promising tools for clinical treatment of DMD
Escriou, Catherine. "Étude préclinique de deux stratégies thérapeutiques systémiques de la myopathie de Duchenne dans le modèle canin GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) : surexpression de l'utrophine par la voie du monoxyde d'azote, thérapie cellulaire médiée par la greffe de moelle osseuse." Paris 12, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA120006.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a lethal X-linked childhood myopathy caused by mutations that abolish the expression of dystrophin in muscle. Among natural models of DMD, the canine model offers the best phenocopy for human disease, and is considered a high benchmark for preclinical studies. In this work, dystrophic dogs were used to evaluate the clinical relevance of two promising systemic therapeutical strategy elaborated in the murine model. A. Utrophin overexpression and the NO way. If we observed a slight but significant utrophin overexpression in the muscle of normal control dog treated by L-arginin or Molsidomin, we couldn't discriminate the same modification in GRMD muscle as it exhibits spontaneous strong utrophin overexpression. Using a combination of clinical, biochemical, and histological evaluation, we couldn't neither demonstrate a therapeutic benefit. In conclusion, the NO way to induce utrophin overexpression remains pertinent but very efficient molecules need to be developed as a very high utrophin amount seems a prerequisite to obtain therapeutic benefit. B. Cell therapy and bone marrow transplantation. The myogenic participation of stem cells was evaluated in normal bone marrow engrafted dystrophic dogs. Although clinical investigations showed no obvious improvement of the dystrophic phenotype, significant increased of dystrophin positive fibers (DPF) number in dystrophic muscles were detected. This study confirmed the promising potential of stem cell transplantation, however the low level of DPF observed limit their therapeutic relevance and impose further studies to mobilize these cells out of the bone marrow compartment and attract them into the damaged muscle
Vulin, Adeline. "Restauration de la dystrophine par saut d'exons chez le modèle canin GRMD ; Augmentation de la masse musculaire par inhibition de la myostatine : rationnel thérapeutique pour DMD ?" Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003942550204611&vid=upec.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive devastating disorder that remains incurable in spite of development of different therapeutic strategies. We decided to work on two original approaches. Our first aim was to setup molecular tools for post-transcriptional correction by targeting exon skipping of frequent out-of-frame deletions in the dystrophin gene and obtain a shorter but functional protein. We have achieved persistent exon skipping by a single administration of an AAV vector expressing antisense sequences linked to a modified U7 small nuclear RNA. Our results show the sustained production of functional dystrophin at physiological levels in injected muscles of GRMD dog model and the correction of the muscular dystrophy. Our second aim was to improve the DMD phenotype by increasing the skeletal muscle mass thanks to the down-regulation of myostatin and verify a possible improvement of the muscular regeneration. We have demonstrated that the propeptide of myostatin is an effective agent for increasing muscle mass and the functional benefit continue to be established in dystrophic mouse and dog models
Camman, Marie. "Hydrogels de collagène dense structurés par impression 3D pour modéliser la matrice extracellulaire musculaire et cardiaque dans la Dystrophie Musculaire de Duchenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS447.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a rare genetic disease characterized by progressive degeneration of striated muscles, notably skeletal and cardiac. At the cellular level, the absence of dystrophin disturbs the integrity of the plasma membrane, cell signaling, and consequently muscle contraction. At the tissue level, these changes result in muscle weakness and a disturbance of the extracellular matrix which becomes rigid and loses its anisotropic organization with reduced porosity. The matrix plays a crucial role in the evolution of the disease and is often neglected in existing models. The matrix plays a crucial role in the evolution of the disease and is often neglected in existing models. This project aims to develop a new tissue model that considers these structural changes in ECM to improve our understanding of the pathology and discover novel therapeutic solutions. First, the 3D printing of dense type I collagen generated a healthy extracellular matrix model. Its parameters were adjusted to reproduce the physiological matrix, i.e., a stiffness of 10 kPa, anisotropy, and porosity. Dense collagen printing allows collagen molecules alignment and generates porosity. Then, its pathological counterpart could be synthesized by modifying the printing and gelling parameters of collagen to get a matrix with a 50 kPa stiffness, isotropic, and non-porous. In vivo, the muscle and heart cells are physiologically arranged in bundles. A cellularized cylindrical pore generated by molding reproduced this morphology within the matrices. To mimic the physiological conditions, the challenge was to recreate a joined microtissue with densely-packed cells within these pores. We obtained a cardiac and a muscular microtissue with both types of matrices (healthy or pathological) using human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells or murine myoblasts. For the muscle microtissue, the healthy cells seeded in the pathological matrix showed high stress due to hypoxia, associated with cell cycle arrest and weak differentiation into myotubes. For the cardiac microtissue, cells seeded in the pathological model had irregular beatings when stimulated. In addition, the matrices were adapted to a microfluidic chip to ensure the perfusion of the culture medium through the pores created by the 3D printing. This perfusion enhances nutrient and oxygen diffusion in the model. These new cardiac and muscular tissue models take into account cell/cell and cell/matrix interactions in the evolution of the pathology. Thus, the different combinations between healthy/pathological matrix and healthy/mutated cells will allow us a better understanding of the pathology to discover novel and adapted therapeutic strategies
Ueberschlag-Pitiot, Vanessa. "Régulation des fonctions musculaires par les glucocorticoïdes et les androgènes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ041/document.
Full textThe use of glucocorticoids (GC) to treat inflammatory diseases or androgen antagonists for prostate cancer is limited by the occurrence of side effects such as muscle atrophy. As the underlying mechanisms were unclear, we characterized the effects of GC and androgens on muscle mass and function. Our results demonstrate that myofiber GC receptor negatively controls muscle mass by distinct actions under physiological and pharmacological levels of GC. Moreover, our data identified many genes and networks controlled by GC in myofibers. We also showed that androgens promote the gain in muscle performance during postnatal development via the improvement of specific maximal force and power. Thus, this study allowed to clarify the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating muscle homeostasis, and paves the way to identify new therapeutic targets