Academic literature on the topic 'Myélome multiple – Génétique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Myélome multiple – Génétique":
Avet-Loiseau, Hervé, and Jill Corre. "Cytogénétique et génétique moléculaire du myélome multiple." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2019, no. 511 (April 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(19)30225-4.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Myélome multiple – Génétique":
David, Antoine. "Rôle du long ARN non-codant CRNDE dans le myélome multiple." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7104.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of antibody-secreting plasma cells which remains incurable. MM is characterised by a wide clinical and prognostic spectrum, even within groups bearing the same primary cytogenetic event, for which the secondary molecular mechanisms responsible are still incompletely understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are now recognised as an important class of regulatory molecules which are increasingly implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. While recent studies have demonstrated prognostically relevant changes in the lncRNA expression profile in MM, the functional significance and molecular pathways downstream of these changes remain poorly characterised. In this study we have undertaken a thorough functional and molecular characterisation of the effect in MM cells of Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed (CRNDE), a known oncogenic lncRNA which has been previously implicated in diverse solid and haematological malignancies. CRNDE is overexpressed in plasma cells of MM patients, where it is a poor prognostic marker. CRISPR-mediated deletion of the CRNDE locus decreases proliferation and adhesion properties of MM cells in vitro and reduces tumour growth in an in vivo xenograft model. Transcriptomic profiling in CRNDE-deleted cells demonstrated that CRNDE activates expression of a number of genes previously implicated in the aetiology of MM, including the gene encoding the receptor of IL6 (IL6R), a cytokine critical for MM cell proliferation and survival. We further demonstrate that deletion of the CRNDE locus impacts upon IL6 signalling and proliferative responses in MM cells. Altogether this study reveals a novel mechanistic pathway by which the lncRNA CRNDE impacts upon MM growth and disease progression, by regulating the expression of IL6R and thus controlling response to IL6 signalling
Song, Xiu Yi. "Etude des évènements génétiques associés à l'évolution du myélome multiple avec t(4;14)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC015/document.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferationof plasma cells in the bone marrow usually secreting a monoclonal immunoglobulin. Despite recenttherapeutic advances, the disease remains incurable, with a median survival of approximately 6years. However, there is considerable clinical heterogeneity between patients, with differentoutcome primarily associated with discrete genetic abnormalities. Among these, the t (4;14) (p16;q32), which is found in 15% of MM, defines one of the most serious subgroups of MM. Despite thepotential role of two deregulated oncogenes (FGFR3 and MMSET), the molecular mechanisms thatexplain the severity of MM with t (4;14) have not been clearly elucidated. By implementing theapproaches of molecular biology, high throughput sequencing and functional tests on a wide rangeof MM t (4;14), my project sought to identify genetic events associated with the poor prognosis ofthis subgroup of patients. The results showed that the site of the translocation breakpoints withinthe MMSET gene affect patient outcome. They also profiled the landscape of specific geneticmutations affecting t (4;14) MM, and revealed a relatively high frequency of alterations in the ATM/ ATR genes and PRKD2. Finally, this project has identified PKD2 as a therapeutic target anddemonstrated that an inhibitor of PKDs (kb NB 142-70) blocks the proliferation of MM cells in vitro.All these results throw new light on the pathophysiology of MM t (4;14) and opens the way to newtherapeutic approaches
Hasan, Bou Issa Lama. "Étude des dépendances génomiques dans le myélome multiple surexprimant MYC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS011.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that accounts for around 13% of hematological cancers and is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM progresses from precursor stages, known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), to the symptomatic form, MM. It is an incurable malignancy in which heterogeneity and clonal evolution allow treatment escape and disease progression. MYC alterations play an essential role in this progression. However, MYC is not therapeutically targetable due to its nuclear localization and the protein's short half-life.To overcome this, we hypothesized that the proliferative advantage induced by MYC overexpression creates genomic dependencies on other signalling pathways that become essential for cell survival. To test this hypothesis, we applied a novel approach by leveraging large-scale loss of function screen (Achilles) and 1869 small molecules screen to identify MYC-induced genomic vulnerabilities. When identified, these vulnerabilities offer an opportunity to selectively target cancer cells harbouring this overexpression and spare normal cells.Our analyses demonstrate the dependence of MYC overexpressing cells on glutamine metabolism, in particular on the GLS1 (glutaminase). We validated and functionally delineated this dependence in vitro using different approaches.Our small molecule screen highlighted that NAD synthesis inhibitors had a preferential effect on the proliferation of MYC overexpressing cells. Considering that glutamine and NAD have closely interlinked metabolic networks, we investigated the possibility of a potential synergistic effect between GLS1 and NAMPT inhibitors. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this new synergistic combination to target MYC-driven MM cells in vitro and in vivo.These results establish a solid methodological basis that can be used to develop new therapeutic approaches to address unmet therapeutic needs to target MYC in MM
Bono, Camille. "Physiopathologie du Myélome multiple : rôle oncogénique du FGFR3 et traitements ciblés de son activité tyrosine-kinase dans les myélomes avec translocation t(4;14)." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077092.
The multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological disease. MM is characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Among genetic alterations found in myeloma plasma cells, the t(4;14) translocation is found in 15% of MM. The t(4;14) induces the deregulation of two oncogenes, FGFR3 and MMSET, and is associated with a poor prognostic. During my PhD, I studied the physiopathology of the MM with the t(4;14) translocation, the oncogenic function of the FGFR3, the molecular mechanisms involved in the poor prognostic and the chemoresistance. Moreover, I studied the development of two targeted therapies. My results show the anti-tumoral effect of the masitinib (a specific inhibitor of the tyrosine-kinase activity of FGFR3) in vitro and in vivo. We found that this inhibitor modulates the expression and the activity of the Src kinase lyn, which is expressed on the plasma cells with or without the t(4;14) translocation. Today, the use of proteasom inhibitors is limited by the occurrence of severe side-effects and résistance. Our results show the anti-tumoral effect of the HIV protease inhibitor called nelfinavir, in vitro and in vivo. Nelfinavir induces the activation of the pro-apoptotic pathway of the UPR System, the akt dephosphorylation, and impairs bortezomib resistance in MM cell Unes. This work shows, for the first time, the importance of these two targeted therapies and allows to identify new targets. Several clinical trials of the two drugs have already started
Clofent-Sanchez, Gisèle. "Recherche du stade ontogénique de la cellule souche dans le myélome multiple : étude par clonage en dilution limite et par réarrangements des gènes d'immunoglobuline." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20080.
Rodriguez, Carmen. "Etude moléculaire de mécanismes de la progression tumorale : IL-6R et GP130, émergence de la tumeur. CD44, métastases. MDR1 et GSTmu, chimiorésistance." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20250.