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Academic literature on the topic 'Mycorrhizal fungi – Western Australia – South-West'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mycorrhizal fungi – Western Australia – South-West"
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Meney, KA, KW Dixon, M. Scheltema, and JS Pate. "Occurrence of Vesicular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Dryland Species of Restionaceae and Cyperaceae From South-West Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 41, no. 6 (1993): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930733.
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Species of Cyperaceae and Restionaceae were examined for presence of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi in natural habitat in south-west Western Australia. VA mycorrhizal fungi were detected in roots of two species of Cyperaceae (Lepidosperma gracile and Tetraria capillaris), and two species of Restionaceae (Alexgeorgea nitens and Lyginia barbata), all representing the first records for these genera. Results indicated a very short seasonal period of infection, with VA mycorrhizal fungi representing the genera Acaulospora, Glomus, Scutellospora and Gigaspora identified in roots. VA mycorrhizal fungi were prominent from late autumn to early winter (April-June) and in up to 30% of the young, new season's roots as they penetrated the upper 10 cm region of the soil profile. Mycorrhizal infection was not evident during the dry summer months. This study suggests that mycorrhizas may be important for nutrition of these hosts in these environments but their activity is restricted to a brief period of the growing season.
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Bougher, NL, BA Fuhrer, and E. Horak. "Taxonomy and biogeography of Australian Rozites species mycorrhizal with Nothofagus and Myrtaceae." Australian Systematic Botany 7, no. 4 (1994): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9940353.
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Seven species of the putatively obligately ectomycorrhizal fungal genus Rozites are described from Australian Nothofagus and myrtaceaeous forests. Rozites metallica, R. armeniacovelata, R. foetens, and R. occulta are new species associated with Nothofagus in south eastern Australia. Rozites fusipes, previously known only from New Zealand, is reported from Tasmanian Nothofagus forests. Rozites roseolilacina and R. symea are new species associated with Eucalyptus in south eastern and south western Australia respectively. The significance of these Rozites species to mycorrhizal and biogeographical theories, such as the origin of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with myrtaceous plants in Australia are discussed. The diversity of Rozites species in Australia, which equals or exceeds that of other southern regions, furthers the notion that many species of the genus co-evolved with Nothofagus in the Southern Hemisphere. Rozites symea in Western Australia occurs well outside the current geographic range of Nothofagus. It is considered to be a relict species that has survived the shift in dominant ectomycorrhizal forest tree type from Nothofagus to Myrtaceae (local extinction of Nothofagus 4–5 million years ago), and is most likely now confined to the high rainfall zone in the south west. Data on Rozites in Australia support the concept that at least some of the present set of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Myrtaceae in Australia are those which successfully completed a host change from Nothofagus, and adapted to changing climate, vegetation and soil conditions during and since the Tertiary. We suggest that the ancient stock of Rozites arose somewhere within the geographical range of a Cretaceous fagalean complex of plant taxa. By the end of the Cretaceous, Rozites and the fagalean complex may have spanned the Asian–Australian region including perhaps many Southern Hemisphere regions. A northern portion of the ancestral Rozites stock gave rise to extant Northern Hemisphere Rozites species and a southern portion speciated as Nothofagus itself speciated.
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Phillips, Ryan D., Matthew D. Barrett, Emma L. Dalziell, Kingsley W. Dixon, and Nigel D. Swarts. "Geographical range and host breadth ofSebacinaorchid mycorrhizal fungi associating withCaladeniain south-western Australia." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 182, no. 1 (August 8, 2016): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/boj.12453.
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Brundrett, MC, and LK Abbott. "Roots of Jarrah Forest Plants .I. Mycorrhizal Associations of Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants." Australian Journal of Botany 39, no. 5 (1991): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9910445.
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This survey included 109 plants native to the jarrah forest (a mediterranean eucalypt woodland in south-western Australia dominated by Eucalyptus marginata and E. calophylla). Mycorrhizal formation by seedlings of these plants was examined after inoculation with isolates of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi, or after growth in intact cores of natural habitat soil containing VAM and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. These methods were supplemented by examining roots from mature forest-grown plants, so that different methods and criteria for designating mycorrhizal association types could be considered. Most plants had one of the following types of mycorrhizal association: VAM only (56% of species); both ECM and VAM (16% of species); or non-mycorrhizal roots (25% of species, which also had long root hairs and/or cluster roots). Plants with dual ECM/VAM associations often formed ECM more readily than VAM. With the exception of the large and diverse families, Papilionaceae, Myrtaceae and Anthericaceae, plants within a family had consistent mycorrhizal relations, as did the members of most genera.
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Braunberger, P. G., L. K. Abbott, and A. D. Robson. "Early vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation in soil collected from an annual clover-based pasture in a Mediterranean environment: soil temperature and the timing of autumn rains." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 1 (1997): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96049.
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The results of 2 experiments investigating the early stages of the formation of vesicular- arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizas in response to both soil temperature and the timing of autumn rains are reported for a Mediterranean environment in the south-west of Western Australia. In Expt 1, treatments including an early break, a late break, and a false break followed by a late break were applied to a mixed and sieved field soil collected dry in the summer and placed in pots in a glasshouse. In each break, pots were watered to field capacity and planted with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) or capeweed (Arctotheca calendula). In early and false breaks, both initiated on the same day in early autumn, the soil temperature was maintained at 30°C, and in the late break, initiated 50 days later in autumn, the soil temperature was maintained at 18°C. In both early and late breaks, pots were watered to field capacity for either 21 or 42 days when plant and mycorrhizal variables were assessed. In a false break, pots were watered to field capacity for 7 days after which the soil was allowed to dry and newly emerged plants died. These pots were then rewatered and replanted at the same time as pots receiving a late break, and subjected to the same soil temperature (18°C). In Expt 2 performed the following year, soil temperature was maintained at 31 or 18°C in both early and late breaks. Pots were planted with clover and watered to field capacity for 21 or 42 days, when plant and mycorrhizal variables were assessed. In Expt 1, VA mycorrhizal colonisation of both clover and capeweed was initially low in an early break compared with levels observed in a late break. Only mycorrhizas formed by Glomus spp. were observed in the early break, whereas mycorrhizas of Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora spp. and fine endophytes were observed in the late break. Colonisation was decreased by a false break, predominantly because of a decrease in formation of mycorrhizas of Glomus spp. In Expt 2, mycorrhizas of Glomus spp. predominated in warm soil in both early and late breaks and mycorrhizas of Acaulospora spp., Scutellospora spp., and fine endophytes were observed in greater abundance in cool soil in early and late breaks. These experiments indicate that soil temperature at the time of the break will have a large impact on both the overall levels of VA mycorrhizal colonisation of pasture plants and colonisation by different fungi. In addition, fungi that remain quiescent in warm soil may avoid damage in a false break.
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Gazey, C., L. K. Abbott, and A. D. Robson. "Indigenous and introduced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi contribute to plant growth in two agricultural soils from south-western Australia." Mycorrhiza 14, no. 6 (December 9, 2003): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-003-0282-1.
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Phillips, Ryan D., Gary Backhouse, Andrew P. Brown, and Stephen D. Hopper. "Biogeography of Caladenia (Orchidaceae), with special reference to the South-west Australian Floristic Region." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 4 (2009): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08157.
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Caladenia contains 376 species and subspecies, of which almost all are endemic to temperate and southern semiarid Australia. Eleven species occur in New Zealand, 10 of which are endemic, and one species is widely distributed in eastern Australia and the western Pacific. Only three species occur in both south-western and south-eastern Australia. At subgeneric level, Drakonorchis is endemic to the South-west Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR), Stegostyla to eastern Australia and New Zealand, whereas three subgenera, Calonema, Phlebochilus and Elevatae occur on both sides of the Nullarbor Plain. Subgenus Caladenia is primarily eastern Australian but also extends to the western Pacific. The largest subgenera (Calonema and Phlebochilus) have radiated extensively, with Calonema exhibiting a greater concentration of species in more mesic parts of the SWAFR than Phlebochilus. Within the SWAFR, the major biogeographic division within Caladenia follows the 600-mm isohyet. Within rainfall zones, biogeographic districts for Caladenia correlate with a combination of underlying geology and surface soils. Areas of high endemism contain diverse edaphic environments. Climatic and edaphic requirements are likely to be key drivers of rarity in Caladenia, although these parameters may be acting in concert with mycorrhizal and pollinator specificity.
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Smith, Zoë F., Elizabeth A. James, and Cassandra B. McLean. "Mycorrhizal specificity of Diuris fragrantissima (Orchidaceae) and persistence in a reintroduced population." Australian Journal of Botany 58, no. 2 (2010): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09214.
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This study investigated the diversity and specificity of mycorrhizal fungi associated with five Diuris (Orchidaceae) taxa in south-eastern Australia, as part of a reintroduction program for the endangered species Diuris fragrantissima. We compared fungi isolated from D. fragrantissima occurring naturally in the only remaining population with those from artificially cultivated plants and reintroduced plants 18 months after planting in a new field site west of Melbourne. Genetic similarity of nuclear internal transcribed spacer and nuclear large subunit DNA sequences showed that Diuris taxa associate with a narrow taxonomic range of fungi within the cosmopolitan family Tulasnellaceae in the Rhizoctonia alliance. All fungal isolates induced host seed germination and hence were considered mycorrhizal. Fungal isolates from naturally occurring D. fragrantissima plants showed a higher level of genetic similarity than fungi isolated from cultivated plants. This observation suggests that, historically, the species may have associated with a more genetically variable range of Tulasnella fungi. Artificially cultivated D. fragrantissima were propagated aseptically from seed and spontaneously formed mycorrhizal associations within 6 months of transfer to potting media. Wild collected D. fragrantissima plants maintained in cultivation for over 30 years were found to contain mycorrhizal fungi similar to those isolated from naturally occurring plants in 2004–2006. Mycorrhizal associations in artificially cultivated D. fragrantissima were present in 18 randomly sampled plants 18 months after reintroduction. Further, associations formed between several reintroduced plants and a fungus concurrently inoculated into site soil. We propose that future orchid reintroductions may benefit from the concurrent addition of suitable mycorrhizal fungi to site soil. Maintenance of orchid mycorrhizal relationships after reintroduction is essential to improve long-term viability of reintroduced populations.
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Wong, DH, MJ Barbetti, and K. Sivasithamparam. "Fungi associated with root rot of subterranean clover in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850574.
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Field trials were conducted during 1982-84 to determine the severity of root rot, and the identity and pathogenicity of the fungi associated with root rot of subterranean clover at five locations in the south-west of Western Australia. At all sites, there was moderate to severe root rot and seedling emergence was greatly reduced. Pythium irregulare and Fusarium oxysporum were the fungi most frequently isolated from diseased roots. F. avenaceum, P. irregulare, P. spinosum and R. solani were highly pathogenic to subterranean clover seedlings. F. oxysporum and P. medicaginis were less pathogenic and F. acuminatum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, one isolate of M. phaseoli, and W. circinata were only weakly pathogenic. Ceratobasidium sp. (AG K), F. sulphureum, one isolate of M. phaseoli, P. coloratum, and R. cereale were non-pathogenic. This is the first record of pathogenicity of F. acuminatum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, M. phaseoli and P. spinosum on subterranean clover in Western Australia. P. clandestina was detected at all sites.
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Sweetingham, MW. "Fungi associated with root and hypocotyl diseases of seedling lupins in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 4 (1989): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890781.
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Pleiochaeta setosa, Pythium irregulare, Fusarium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. were frequently isolated from root lesions on lupin seedlings growing at 18 locations in the temperate south-west of Western Australia. P. setosa was isolated from all 13 sites where lupins had previously been grown (average isolation frequency 90%) but from none of the 5 sites with no lupin history. P. setosa was pathogenic in pot experiments using colonized millet or conidia as inoculum. Certain isolates of P. irregulare and Rhizoctonia spp. were pathogenic, but all Fusarium isolates appeared very weak or non-pathogenic. In a fungicide drench field experiment Rovral� reduced the isolation of P, setosa from roots by 97% and reduced root rot by 42%, providing complementary evidence for the importance of P. setosa as a root pathogen in Western Australia.Rhizoctonia solani was isolated from characteristic reddish-brown hypocotyl lesions and reproduced these symptoms in pathogenicity tests.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mycorrhizal fungi – Western Australia – South-West"
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Bougoure, Jeremy J. "The role of mycorrhizal fungi in nutrient supply and habitat specificity of the rare mycoheterotrophic underground orchid, Rhizanthella gardneri." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0076.
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Rhizanthella gardneri (Rogers) is a critically endangered orchid restricted to two isolated regions of south-western Australia. Rhizanthella gardneri is an entirely subterranean mycoheterotrophic species that purportedly forms a tripartite relationship with a mycorrhizal fungus (Ceratobasidiales) that links with an autotrophic shrub of the Melaleuca uncinata complex to acquire nutrients. Whether the rarity of R. gardneri is intrinsic is overshadowed by the recent effect of extrinsic factors that means R. gardneri requires some form of conservation and may also be a viable candidate for restoration. To create an integrated conservation strategy for R. gardneri, reasons for its decline and knowledge of its biological and ecological functioning must be elucidated. This thesis focuses on three key questions; 1) what are the habitat requirements and limitations to R. gardneri survival; 2) what is the identity and specificity of the fungus R. gardneri forms mycorrhizas with; and 3) does R. gardneri form a nutrient-sharing tripartite relationship with a mycorrhizal fungus and autotrophic shrub. Key climate, soil and vegetation characteristics of known R. gardneri habitats were quantified to provide baseline data for monitoring known R. gardneri populations, to better understand how R. gardneri interacts with its habitat, and to identify possible new sites for R. gardneri introduction. Habitats of the two known R. gardneri populations differed considerably in soil chemistry, Melaleuca structure and Melaleuca productivity. Individual sites within populations were relatively similar in all attributes measured while overall Northern and Southern habitats were distinct from each other. These results suggest that R. gardneri can tolerate a range of conditions and may be more widespread than previously thought, given that there are extensive areas of Melaleuca thickets with similar habitat characteristics across south-western Australia. The fungus forming mycorrhizas with R. gardneri was identified, using nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, as a Rhizoctonia-type fungus within the Ceratobasidiales. All fungi isolated from R. gardneri individuals representative of its currently known distribution were genetically similar, suggesting R. gardneri is highly dependent on this specific fungal species. Given that R. gardneri appears to exclusively associate with a specific fungal species, species-specific molecular primers were designed and used to analyse the fungis presence in known and potential R. gardneri habitats. These results 6 suggest that the fungus exists beyond the known R. gardneri habitats and gives hope to finding new populations.
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Collins, Margaret Thora. "Factors affecting the recovery of orchids in a post-mining landscape." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0022.
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[Truncated abstract] Currently, Alcoa World Alumina Australia (Alcoa) mines and undertakes procedures to rehabilitate approximately 550 ha of jarrah forest each year at two open-cut bauxite mines in South-West Western Australia. Alcoa aims to establish a self-sustaining jarrah forest ecosystem that maintains the functions of the landscape prior to mining, including biodiversity, on areas that have been mined for bauxite. Indigenous terrestrial orchids form a significant proportion of the indigenous geophytic plant species that either fail to colonise rehabilitated areas or do so very slowly. Terrestrial orchids are considered to be particularly sensitive to competition from weeds and disturbance, which combined with the obligate nature of the orchid-mycorrhizal fungus association suggests that orchids would colonise rehabilitation areas only when both microhabitat sites and soil microflora have established. Occurrence of certain orchids may therefore be expected to be useful as indicators of ecosystem health, the success of vegetation establishment and the recovery of edaphic conditions suitable for orchid mycorrhizal fungi. Vegetation surveys were undertaken to compare orchid species richness and population size of a chrono-sequence of rehabilitation areas with adjacent unmined forest. ... Orchid taxa present in each vegetation assemblage were generally not exclusive to these assemblages, with the following broad exclusions: D. bracteata was found only in species assemblages associated with rehabilitation areas; and Eriochilus sp. and T. crinita were found only in species assemblages associated with unmined forest. No single orchid species appears to be an indicator of ecosystem recovery. However, the presence of populations of C. flava, P. sp. crinkled leaf (G.J.Keighery 13426) or P. recurva in combination with the absence of the disturbance opportunist orchid taxa D. bracteata and M. media appears to be a measure of the maturity of the rehabilitation vegetation. Orchid species richness and clonal orchid population size were correlated with changes in vegetation structure, but apart from the absence of orchids in 1 year old rehabilitation areas, these orchid population characteristics did not show any direct relationship with rehabilitation age or vegetation maturity. Only two orchid taxa appeared to have potential as indicators of vegetation characteristics: T. crinita as an indicator of undisturbed jarrah forest; and D. bracteata as an indicator of disturbed ecosystems. The results of this study suggest that most jarrah forest orchid taxa will readily colonise the post bauxite mining landscape, but that the unassisted colonisation by recalcitrant orchid taxa may be a prolonged process. It is recommended that field-based transplantation and/or seeding trials be undertaken with these recalcitrant taxa to determine if these procedures will enhance recruitment. The results of this work have applications not only in the management of post-mining landscapes but also in vegetation monitoring and conservation work in Western Australia and elsewhere.
Books on the topic "Mycorrhizal fungi – Western Australia – South-West"
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Griffiths, Kevn. A field guide to the larger fungi of the Darling Scarp & south west of Western Australia. [Western Australia?]: K. Griffiths, 1985.
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