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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mycobacterium bovis infection

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Academic literature on the topic 'Mycobacterium bovis infection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Mycobacterium bovis infection"

1

Holdiness, Mack R. "Mycobacterium bovis Infection." Archives of Internal Medicine 145, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1985.00360100204047.

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Holdiness, M. R. "Mycobacterium bovis infection." Archives of Internal Medicine 145, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1930b—1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.145.10.1930b.

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3

Stern, Rebecca, Clay Roscoe, and Elizabeth A. Misch. "<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG osteoarticular infection complicating immune therapy for bladder cancer: a case report." Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 6, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jbji-6-107-2021.

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Abstract. Osteoarticular infection with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is a rare complication of bladder cancer treatment with intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guèrin (BCG). We describe a case of disseminated Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection masquerading as a chronic prosthetic joint infection in a patient with several risk factors for progressive mycobacterial infection.

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4

Waters, W. R., A. O. Whelan, K. P. Lyashchenko, R. Greenwald, M. V. Palmer, B. N. Harris, R. G. Hewinson, and H. M. Vordermeier. "Immune Responses in Cattle Inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Mycobacterium kansasii." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 2 (December 9, 2009): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00442-09.

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ABSTRACT Cattle were inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Mycobacterium kansasii to compare the antigen-specific immune responses to various patterns of mycobacterial disease. Disease expression ranged from colonization with associated pathology (M. bovis infection) and colonization without pathology (M. tuberculosis infection) to no colonization or pathology (M. kansasii infection). Delayed-type hypersensitivity and gamma interferon responses were elicited by each mycobacterial inoculation; however, the responses by the M. bovis- and M. tuberculosis-inoculated animals exceeded those of the M. kansasii-inoculated animals. Specific antibody responses were detected in all M. tuberculosis- and M. bovis-inoculated cattle 3 weeks after inoculation. From 6 to 16 weeks after M. tuberculosis inoculation, the antibody responses waned, whereas the responses persisted with M. bovis infection. With M. kansasii inoculation, initial early antibody responses waned by 10 weeks after inoculation and then increased 2 weeks after the injection of purified protein derivative for the skin test at 18 weeks after challenge. These findings indicate that antibody responses are associated with the antigen burden rather than the pathology, cellular immune responses to tuberculin correlate with infection but not necessarily with the pathology or bacterial burden, and exposure to mycobacterial antigens may elicit an antibody response in a presensitized animal.

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Nau, Gerard J., Lucy Liaw, Geoffrey L. Chupp, Jeffrey S. Berman, Brigid L. M. Hogan, and Richard A. Young. "Attenuated Host Resistance againstMycobacterium bovis BCG Infection in Mice Lacking Osteopontin." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 4223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.8.4223-4230.1999.

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ABSTRACT Expression of the cytokine osteopontin (OPN) is elevated in granulomas caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We tested the hypothesis that OPN contributes to host protection in a mouse model of mycobacterial infection. When infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG, mice lacking a functional OPN gene had more severe infections characterized by heavier bacterial loads and a delayed clearance of the bacteria. The OPN-null mice had greater granuloma burdens consistent with the elevated bacterial load. The ability of osteopontin to facilitate the clearance of mycobacteria was most pronounced early after infection and appeared to be independent of known mediators of resistance to infection by mycobacteria: antigen-specific T-cell immunity, gamma interferon production, and nitric oxide production. BCG grew more rapidly in macrophages derived from OPN-null mice than in those from wild-type mice, demonstrating that the null phenotype was due to an intrinsic macrophage defect. These results indicate that osteopontin augments the host response against a mycobacterial infection and that it acts independently from other antimycobacterial resistance mechanisms.

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Erb, Klaus J., Claudia Trujillo, Mike Fugate, and Heidrun Moll. "Infection with the Helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis Does Not Interfere with Efficient Elimination of Mycobacterium bovis BCG from the Lungs of Mice." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 9, no. 3 (May 2002): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.9.3.727-730.2002.

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ABSTRACT Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be one of the major global health threats. Strong mycobacterium-specific Th1 immune responses correlate with protection, and decreased Th1 responses correlate with disease progression. In contrast, the impact of Th2 responses on the development of protective immune responses to mycobacteria remains unclear. To analyze whether ongoing Th2 responses present in the lung influence the development of a protective Th1 immune response to mycobacteria, we coinfected mice with the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. We found that the T cells from the lymph nodes of coinfected mice secreted significantly less gamma interferon than did the T cells from mice infected with M. bovis BCG after in vitro stimulation with purified protein from M. tuberculosis when 108 CFU of M. bovis BCG were used for the infection. This result indicates that the helminth infection reduced the Th1 immune response to the mycobacteria in the lung. However, mycobacterial clearance was not delayed in the coinfected animals. Importantly, the infection with BCG after the helminth infection did not reduce the helminth-induced Th2 response in the lung, ruling out the possibility that the lack of a reduction in bacterial clearance in the coinfected mice was due to a downmodulation of the helminth-induced Th2 response. Taken together, our results suggest that ongoing Th2 responses in the lung do not necessarily lead to increased susceptibility to mycobacterial infection.

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Aldwell, Frank E., Bridget L. Dicker, Fernanda M. Da Silva Tatley, Martin F. Cross, Simon Liggett, Colin G. Mackintosh, and J. Frank T. Griffin. "Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cervine Alveolar Macrophages Secrete Lymphoreactive Lipid Antigens." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 7003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.12.7003-7009.2000.

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ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is caused by intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium, including M. tuberculosisand M. bovis. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the primary host cell for inhaled mycobacteria. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which infected AMs can process and present mycobacterial antigens to primed lymphocytes and how these responses may affect ensuing protection in the host. In the present study, we sought to determine whether AMs from a naturally susceptible host forMycobacterium bovis (red deer) could produce and secrete soluble immunoreactive antigens following mycobacterial infection in vitro. Confluent monolayers of deer AMs were infected with either heat-killed or live virulent M. bovis or M. bovis BCG at a multiplicity of infection of 5:1 and cultured for 48 h. Culture supernatants were collected, concentrated, and tested for the presence of mycobacterial antigens in a lymphocyte proliferation assay by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells fromM. bovis-sensitized or naive deer. Supernatants derived from macrophages which had been infected with live bacilli stimulated the proliferation of antigen-sensitized, but not naive, lymphocytes. Supernatants derived from uninoculated AMs or AMs inoculated with heat-killed bacilli failed to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation. The lymphoproliferative activity was retained following lipid extraction of the supernatants, which were free of amino groups as determined by thin-layer chromatography. These results demonstrate that mycobacteria which are actively growing within AMs produce lipids which are secreted into the extracellular milieu and that these lipids are recognized by lymphocytes from mycobacterium-primed hosts. We suggest that mycobacterial lipids are released from AMs following aerosol infection in vivo and that they play an important role in the early immune response to tuberculosis.

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Thoen, Charles O., William J. Quinn, Lyle D. Miller, Larry L. Stackhouse, Bradford F. Newcomb, and James M. Ferrell. "Mycobacterium Bovis Infection in North American Elk (Cervus Elaphus)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 4, no. 4 (October 1992): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879200400410.

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A naturally occurring outbreak of Mycobacterium bovid infection in captive wild elk (wapiti) in Montana was confirmed by mycobacteriologic examination. Twenty-eight of 143 elk responded to M. bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin injected intradermally in the cervical region (SCT). The results of comparative cervical tuberculin skin tests conducted within 9 days of SCT revealed greater responses to M. bovis PPD tuberculin than to M. avium PPD tuberculin in 23 of 28 elk responding. At necropsy, several grossly visible tuberculous lesions were observed in the parenchyma of the lung, thoracic lymph nodes, and submandibular lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of appropriately stained tissue sections revealed the presence of granulomatous lesions containing acid-fast bacilli. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using a sarkosyl extract of M. bovis (antigen) and peroxidase-labeled protein G (conjugate); reactions were detected in the sera of 8 of 9 elk responding to M. bovis PPD tuberculin. Lymphocyte blastogenic assay responses were detected using M. bovis antigens in 7 of 9 elk positive on skin tests using M. bovis PPD.

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Naughton, James F., Katrina L. Mealey, K. Jane Wardrop, J. Lindsay Oaks, and Daniel S. Bradway. "Systemic Mycobacterium avium Infection in a Dog Diagnosed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Buffy Coat." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 41, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0410128.

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Dogs may be infected by Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis, M. bovis, and M. avium complex, and the clinical signs associated with each of these infections may be indistinguishable. Rapid speciation of the infecting organism is desirable because of the public health concerns associated with M. bovis and M. tuberculosis infections. A mycobacterial infection was suspected in the dog of this report based on acid-fast staining of organisms in macrophages obtained from liver aspirates and buffy-coat preparations. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of a buffy-coat preparation identified M. avium.

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Waters, W. R., B. J. Nonnecke, M. V. Palmer, S. Robbe-Austermann, J. P. Bannantine, J. R. Stabel, D. L. Whipple, et al. "Use of Recombinant ESAT-6:CFP-10 Fusion Protein for Differentiation of Infections of Cattle by Mycobacterium bovis and by M. avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 11, no. 4 (July 2004): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.11.4.729-735.2004.

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ABSTRACT Immunological diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle is often confounded by cross-reactive responses resulting from exposure to other mycobacterial species, especially Mycobacterium avium. Early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) are dominant gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-inducing antigens of tuberculous mycobacteria, and they are absent from many environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria. Because M. avium exposure is the primary confounding factor in the diagnosis of M. bovis-infected animals, in vitro responses to a recombinant ESAT-6:CFP-10 (rESAT-6:CFP-10) fusion protein by blood leukocytes from cattle naturally exposed to M. avium or experimentally challenged with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium or Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were compared to responses by M. bovis-infected cattle. Responses to heterogeneous mycobacterial antigens (i.e., purified protein derivatives [PPDs] and whole-cell sonicates [WCSs]) were also evaluated. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IFN-γ, and nitric oxide responses by M. bovis-infected cattle to rESAT-6:CFP-10 exceeded (P < 0.05) the corresponding responses by cattle naturally sensitized to M. avium. Experimental infection with M. bovis, M. avium, or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis induced significant (P < 0.05) IFN-γ and nitric oxide production to WCS and PPD antigens, regardless of the mycobacterial species used for the preparation of the antigen. Responses to homologous crude antigens generally exceeded responses to heterologous antigens. Nitric oxide and IFN-γ responses to rESAT-6:CFP-10 by blood leukocytes from M. bovis-infected calves exceeded (P < 0.05) the corresponding responses of noninfected, M. avium-infected, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected calves. Despite the reported potential for secretion of immunogenic ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins by M. avium and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, it appears that use of the rESAT-6:CFP-10 fusion protein will be useful for the detection of tuberculous cattle in herds with pre-existing sensitization to M. avium and/or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mycobacterium bovis infection"

1

Hamerman, Jessica Ann. "Macrophage activation during Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8359.

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Rusk, Rachel Aline. "Measuring bovine γδ T cell function at the site of Mycobacterium bovis infection." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35801.

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Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Jodi L. McGill
The causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle is Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). γδ T cells are a unique subset of nonconventional T cells that play major roles in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Bovine γδ T cells have the capacity for multiple immune functions during infection with M. bovis. However, the alternative functions of γδ T cells as well as the responses of γδ T cells in vivo at the site of infection remain unclear. To identify novel functions for γδ T cells in response to M. bovis infections, RNA sequencing and transcriptomics analysis was completed on peripheral blood γδ T cells isolated from virulent M. bovis-infected cattle. Differentially expressed genes were confirmed with real-time PCR. In an attempt to model in vivo cell-to-cell interactions at the site of infection, γδ T cells were also isolated from naïve and M. bovis-infected calves and co-cultured with autologous, BCG-infected, monocyte-derived macrophages. γδ T cell chemokine and cytokine expression was analyzed via ELISA and real-time PCR. The characteristic lesions of bovine tuberculosis are well-organized pulmonary granulomas. To determine the relevance of the RNA-sequencing and in vitro co-culture results to in vivo infection, tissue samples from granulomatous lesions in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes of virulent M. bovis-infected cattle were collected 3 months after infection. mRNA transcripts for γδ T cells expression of-- IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-10, IL-22, and CCL2 were microscopically evaluated within the granulomas using an in situ hybridization system, RNAScope (Advanced Cell Diagnostics Inc.). Co-culture experiments and transcriptomics analysis revealed increased expression of chemokines and various cytokines by γδ T cells responding to M. bovis infection. The novel in situ hybridization assay revealed that cytokine expression by γδ T cells varied within the lesions, with significant levels of CCL2 and IFN-γ, and low expression of IL-10, IL-22, and IL-17 in situ at this time-point after infection. Co-culture experiments also revealed that γδ T cells from virulent M. bovis-infected cattle have the capacity to directly impact the viability of M. bovis in vitro. Our results suggest that γδ T cells accumulate within the granulomas, and influence host immunity to M. bovis by secretion of cytokines and chemokines, and direct cytotoxicity, in response to infected macrophages.

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Agoro, Rafiou. "Etude des interactions de l'axe hepcidine - ferroportine - fer et infection mycobactérienne." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2041/document.

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Le fer est un oligoélément indispensable pour tout organisme vivant. Le taux de fer systémique est régulé par la fixation de l’hepcidine, hormone synthétisée majoritairement par le foie mais également par les macrophages, à la ferroportine seul exporteur du fer. L’expression de ces deux protéines est régulée par le taux de fer et les processus inflammatoires. Des mécanismes d’acquisition et de séquestration du fer sont mis en place respectivement par le pathogène et l’hôte durant l’infection et régulent en parallèle l’expression de l’hepcidine et la ferroportine. Les travaux de recherche effectués dans le cadre de ma thèse ont porté d’une part sur un aspect fondamental à améliorer nos connaissances du mécanisme de régulation de l’axe hepcidine - ferroportine en condition inflammatoire et analyser l’influence du fer sur la réponse immune au niveau des macrophages; d’autre part une deuxième partie de mes recherches s’est orientée vers une étude plus appliquée du rôle du fer dans la réponse immune induite par une infection mycobactérienne. Nous montrons que l’expression de l’hepcidine et de la ferroportine est différentiellement régulée en corrélation avec la polarisation des macrophages via les voies de signalisation intracellulaires PI3K et autres kinases. Le fer influence la polarisation des macrophages et module ainsi la réponse inflammatoire, et représente aussi un signal de danger capable de stimuler une voie MyD88-dépendante. Enfin, la réponse à l’infection Mycobacterium. bovis BCG est modulée par un régime modérément enrichi en fer, réduisant la charge bactérienne et l’inflammation
Iron is an essential trace element for all organisms. In mammals, systemic iron homeostasis relies on hepcidin, a peptide hormone synthesized by liver but also macrophages with defensing properties, and its target, the cell iron exporter ferroportin. Iron content and inflammation regulate hepcidin and ferroportin expression in mammals. During infection, pathogens develop sophisticated mechanisms for iron acquisition and sequestration. In response, host regulates the bioavailability of iron through hepcidin and ferroportin expression. First, this work contributes to improve our fundamental knowledge on hepcidin and ferroportin regulation during inflammation and analyzes the influence of iron in macrophages immune response. Second, the role of iron in response to mycobacterial infection was investigated. We show that hepcidin and ferroportin expression was regulated differentially in correlation with macrophages polarization through intracellular signaling pathways involving PI3K and others kinases. In addition, iron influenced macrophages polarization leading to a decrease of inflammatory response with a potent effect on MyD88 pathway stimulation. Finally, we showed that moderate iron-rich diet modulated Mycobacterium bovis BCG response reducing the bacterial burden and inflammation

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Alfagih, Nargs. "Understanding the regulation of host mRNA translation initiation during Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813515/.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem worldwide resulting in 1.4 million deaths, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite all the efforts to target and eliminate this chronic disease, the control of tuberculosis has been severely thwarted by the emergence of multidrug and extensively resistant strains. The long treatment duration and its association with various side effects result in noncompliance of the patients. To improve treatment outcomes and reduce duration of therapy, host-directed TB therapies could provide a solution for the resolution of the disease. The development of host directed therapies will be expedited by further understanding of host-mycobacterium interaction and how the pathogen hijacks host cell processes to facilitate survival. Key to this process is the regulation of host gene expression. However, very little is known about translational control by bacterial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and how this contributes to pathogenesis. By using Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as a surrogate of Mycobacterium.tuberculosis, we aimed to dissect how Mycobacterium bovis BCG alters translation in the infected macrophages, and how the regulation of eIF4E activity participates in this response to infection. Our results suggest that mycobacterial infection induces eIF4E phosphorylation in murine macrophages. Furthermore, the kinases ERK and MNK are responsible for eIF4E phosphorylation and their activation contributes to changes in the translational state of host mRNAs, as identified by polysome profiling. These changes alter the macrophage response to mycobacteria, affecting intracellular bacterial survival and macrophage viability. As it is believed that in up to 50 % of TB exposed individuals, the infection is cleared without the involvement of the adaptive immune system, indicating that the innate immune system may be able to control or clear the infection if activated appropriately. Further testing of the mechanisms used by macrophages to keep the infection under control has been done by measuring TNFα and IL-10 production, phagosomal acidity and cellular autophagy in the presence of ERK and MNK inhibitors. We found that the activation of ERK-MNK-eIF4E pathway regulates the cytokines production, but only ERK plays a regulatory role on macrophage phagosomal acidification as well as cell autophagy. Our finding suggests that Mycobacterium bovis BCG benefits from the activated ERK-MNK- eIF4E signalling to survive inside the cell. We conclude that regulating eIF4E phosphorylation is a key component of the hostpathogen interaction during mycobacterium infection and therefore, we suggest the possibility of using selective MNK and/or ERK inhibitors as host-directed immuno-therapeutics for tuberculosis.

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Siddiqui, Nazneen. "Interactions of natural killer cells, dendritic cells and chemokines in Mycobacterium bovis infection." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9168.

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Bovine Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M.bovis), has seen a significant rise in incidence in recent years, posing a considerable burden to the UK economy. Protective immunity is associated in part, with rapid IFNγ production and early Th1 polarisation. Natural Killer (NK) cells are known to be a significant source of IFNγ and may therefore play a pivotal role in the innate immune response to mycobacterial infection. This study hypothesised that bovine NK cells participate in the immune response to bovine TB by migrating towards and reciprocally interacting with M.bovis infected dendritic cells (DCs). Bovine NK cells comprise a heterogeneous population characterised by the expression of NKp46 and CD2. Quantitative PCR analyses revealed that blood derived NKp46+ CD2- NK cells transcribed higher levels of important inflammatory and lymphoid homing chemokine receptors and preferentially migrated towards M.bovis infected DCs within in vitro chemotaxis assays when compared with NKp46+ CD2+ NK cells. Furthermore, within co-culture assays, M.bovis infected DCs selectively induced the release of IFNγ from NKp46+ CD2- NK cells with no detectable levels of IFNγ produced by NKp46+ CD2+ cells. This was partially reliant upon IL-12 secreted by M.bovis infected DCs as well as direct cell-cell contact. In addition, NKp46+ CD2- NK cells were able to reciprocally activate infected DCs resulting in up-regulation of cell surface MHC class II. Furthermore, IFNγ expressing NKp46+ CD2- NK cells were detected in the peripheral circulation of cattle as early as two days following experimental infection with M.bovis. This study has provided evidence of reciprocal interactions between CD2- NK cells and mycobacterially infected DCs that could augment both antigen presentation and Th1 biased immune responses. Therefore, this minor blood derived CD2- NK cell subset may be selectively responsible for promoting a protective immune response during the early phases of M.bovis infection and represents a potential target for future vaccination strategies.

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Garnett, Benjamin Thomas. "Behavioural aspects of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) transmission and infection in badgers (Meles meles)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272050.

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Brüns, Angela Caren. "Screening of banded mongooses (Mungos mungo) for mycobacterial infection in the Kruger National Park, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46104.

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was first diagnosed in the Kruger National Park (KNP) in 1990 and research has since focused primarily on the buffalo (Syncerus caffer) as the maintenance host and lion (Panthera leo) as a clinically affected species. However, little is known about the role that small predators might play in the tuberculosis epidemiology. The aim of this pilot study was to screen banded mongoose populations in the bTB high prevalence zone of the KNP for mycobacteria in general and for Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members in particular to detect presence of infection. Faecal swabs, tracheal swabs and tracheal lavage of 76 banded mongooses caught in cage traps within a two kilometre radius of Skukuza Rest Camp in the KNP were submitted for culture, isolation and speciation of Mycobacterium as the gold standard of bTB diagnosis. Blood was collected and serologically analysed for M. bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibodies using the ElephantTB STAT-PAK® Assay (STAT-PAK) and the EnferplexTM TB Assay (Enferplex). DPP® VetTB Assay for elephants (DPP) was used on STAT-PAK positive samples. To complement the sample set obtained from live banded mongooses 12 animals were necropsied. Lesions and pooled lymph node samples together with a standard set of organ samples were submitted for culture and histopathology analysis. Two banded mongooses had developed well demarcated, irregularly margined, greyyellow nodules of up to 5 mm diameter located in the caudal lung lobes and/ or tracheo-bronchial, retropharyngeal or superficial cervical lymph nodes. These lesions were characterised by central necrosis in the one and calcification in the other animal. Histopathologically the lesions were described as caseating necrosis associated with epithelioid macrophages and necrogranuloma with calcified centre respectively. No acid fast bacteria were identified with Ziehl-Neelsen stain. M. bovis was isolated from lung, lymph node and liver samples as well as tracheal lavages and tracheal swab from the same two banded mongooses but not from any other study animal. No other Mycobacterium of the M. tuberculosis complex was isolated. However, a variety of environmental mycobacteria, the most frequent from the Mycobacterium avium complex, M. fortuitum group, M. simiae group and M. terrae group, were cultured. M. fortuitum group was only and M. terrae group predominantly isolated from tracheal and faecal samples whereas M. simiae group and M. avium complex were the most frequent species isolated from post mortem samples, including tissue lesions and lymph nodes. Serological analysis revealed 12 banded mongooses with a positive STAT-PAK result, confirmed with DPP. Enferplex was positive for MPB83 in four and MPB70 peptide in one animal. Only two banded mongooses, the ones with the strongest positive reaction on both STAT-PAK and DPP, reacted positively on all three serological assays. These were the same two animals that had developed granulomatous lesions and that M. bovis was cultured from ante and post mortem samples. In conclusion, this study has provided the first evidence of bTB infection in banded mongooses in the KNP and demonstrated their ability to shed M. bovis. This finding has opened the discussion around possible sources of infection and its significance at the human/ wildlife interface in and around Skukuza.
Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Production Animal Studies
MMedVet
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Eadie, Kalyn. "The effect of Mycobacterium bovis-BCG infection on longevity and autoimmune disease in MRL//pr mice /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81329.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a debilitating autoimmune disease affecting 1/1000 Canadians, primarily women of childbearing age. Mycobacterium bovis-BCG, the tuberculosis vaccine, is a potent immunomodulator and has been used to treat other autoimmune diseases. To study the impact of M. bovis-BCG on disease progression in the MRL/ lpr mouse model of lupus, groups of MRL/lpr and background control MRL/+ mice were infected with BCG at 16-18 weeks of age, and their longevity, kidney function and serologic characteristics examined. MRL/lpr mice infected with BCG showed a slight improvement in longevity, and were protected from kidney failure. This was accompanied by a delay in the class-switching from IgM to pathogenic IgG anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies, and a delay in epitope spreading among autoantibodies to spliceosomal proteins. BCG infection of lupus mice thus provided transient protection from autoimmune disease, possibly through effects on cytokine production.

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Russell, William. "Development and evaluation of serological assays to detect Mycobacterium bovis infection in the badger (Meles meles)." Thesis, Brunel University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311276.

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Witchell, J. "Cytokine gene and protein expression in BCG vaccinated and non-vaccinated Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/3637.

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The persistent increase of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) over the past twenty years has put a substantial strain on both the British economy and the welfare of livestock. However, the development of an effective bTB vaccine has been continually hindered by the lack of knowledge on the immune response following Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection. In collaboration with the TB Research Group at the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA, Surrey), this thesis is part of a much wider strategy managed by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Agency (DEFRA) aimed at elucidating the immunopathogenesis of M. bovis and to develop more effective infection control measures. The specific focus of this thesis was to enable a stronger understanding of the bovine immune response over different periods of M. bovis infection and to apply this new knowledge in evaluating the efficacy of a novel BCG vaccination. Time Course Study: Knowledge of time dependent cytokine expression following M. bovis infection would aid vaccine development by revealing potential correlates of protection. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 4 and 10 expression were analysed using quantitative (q) PCR in formalin fixed bovine lymph nodes following five, twelve and nineteen weeks of M. bovis infection. A strong pro-inflammatory/ T helper 1 (TH1) lymphocyte response was evident at five weeks post M. bovis infection, represented by IFN-γ and TNF-α expression (log2 copies of 6.5 and 2.15, respectively) in the absence of IL4. Between five and twelve weeks of infection, a significant increase was observed in IL10 (log2 copies from 5.97 to 8.27, p<0.01, Mann Whitney test), accompanied by an increase in both IFN-γ (log2 7.53) and TNF-α (log2 3.94). This data conformed to a recently described aspect of TH1 lymphocytes, a ‘self-limiting’ nature in which cells produced both IFN-γ and IL10 with the aim of controlling the heightened pro-inflammatory response. The role of IL10 as an immunosuppressive became evident when comparing cytokine expression between four different types of thoracic lymph node; the left bronchial (LB), cranial mediastinal (CRM), caudal mediastinal (CM) and cranial tracheobronchial (CRT) nodes. The LB and CRM lymph nodes produced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ expression (log2 copies between 8.2 and 10) as compared to the CM and CRT (log2 copies between 2.6 and 5.5, p<0.001, Mann Whitney test). Further analysis of the data as a profile of cytokine expression for each lymph node type revealed that IFN-γ was dominantly expressed within the LB and CRM nodes, whereas within the CM and CRT nodes, IL10 was the dominant cytokine. The former nodes also displayed a higher level of pathological damage (represented by mean percentage area coverage of granuloma, 33.6 and 20%, respectively) as compared to the CM (13%) and the CRT lymph node types (10.8 %). This suggests conflicting roles for IFN-γ and IL10 in the development of immune-associated pathology. Following nineteen weeks of infection, the expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL10 reduced (log2 6.22, 3.02 and 7.03, respectively) implying a loss of the cellular response. The later stages of bovine tuberculosis have been shown within the literature to display characteristics of a humoral rather than cell mediated response. However, within this study at nineteen weeks post infection IL4 (an important cytokine in the development of the humoral response) remained undetectable. The results from this study therefore confirm the importance of the cell mediated immune profile in response to M. bovis infection as well as the integral role of IFN-γ in both protection and pathology. It also further demonstrates the involvement of IL10 in controlling the IFN-γ response and highlights this cytokine as being potentially important in future immunologybased vaccination studies. BCG Vaccination Study: The current vaccine used against human tuberculosis, BCG, has provided variable results on protection against infection in experimental bovine studies. The BCG bacterium has lost a comparatively large quantity of genomic DNA through attenuation since its primary production in 1921, of which the majority represented genes encoding antigenic proteins. MPB70 and MPB83 are differentially expressed between BCG sub-strains due to a single nucleotide polymorphism in the alternative sigma factor K (SigK). BCG Pasteur has been shown to produce low levels of these antigenic proteins; however complementation of BCG Pasteur with a copy of sigK from BCG Russia resulted in up-regulating expression. It was therefore hypothesised that the recombinant BCG (sigK) Pasteur would prove more efficient in controlling M. bovis infection by inducing a stronger protective immune response post vaccination. IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL 4 and 10 expression were analysed using qPCR within the freshly dissected lymph nodes of five experimental cattle groups; BCG Pasteur vaccinated M. bovis challenged, BCG (sigK) Pasteur vaccinated challenged, non-vaccinated infected, non-vaccinated noninfected and BCG Pasteur vaccinated non-infected. Five weeks following infection, a strong IFN-γ mRNA response was detected in both the non-vaccinated and vaccinated cattle (mean log2 copies between 9.6 and 10.5 as compared to between 7.84 and 8.58 in the non-infected cattle). M. bovis infection also induced a significant reduction in IL10 mRNA levels in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated cattle (mean log2 14.4 in the infected groups compared to 15.5 in the non-infected cattle, p<0.005, Mann Whitney test) although there was little difference in TNF-α expression (mean log2 copies between 11.06 and 11.8 in all five groups). Interestingly, IL4 mRNA was detectable only within the two non-infected control groups (mean log2 12.4), further supporting the concept of a strong cell mediated response after five weeks of infection. Vaccination prior to challenge had an effect on IFN-γ mRNA levels only, as both the BCG Pasteur and BCG (sigK) Pasteur vaccinated groups displayed a smaller increase in IFN-γ mRNA following challenge (mean log2 10.3 and 9.6, respectively) as compared to the nonvaccinated group (mean log2 10.5). This reflected the role of vaccination in priming the immune response to enable more rapid elimination of the bacteria and subsequently inducing a lesser pro-inflammatory response. Interestingly, the BCG Pasteur vaccinated group appeared to control the immune response to a greater extent, as IFN-γ mRNA was significantly similar to that observed in the non-vaccinated non-infected group (mean log2 8.58, p>0.05, Mann Whitney test). In addition to the qPCR data, levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α protein (represented by the number of cells producing these proteins) were also analysed by immunohistochemistry. IFN-γ protein in the five experimental groups displayed the same pattern as that observed for IFN-γ mRNA expression (p<0.001, Spearmans correlation coefficient). However, analysis of TNF-α protein revealed significant differences between the five groups (p<0.005, Kruskal Wallis test) in contrast to that observed for the mRNA levels (p>0.05, Spearmans correlation coefficient) suggesting that posttranscriptional controls may play an important role in TNF-α translation. The difference in IFN-γ mRNA and protein expression between the two vaccination groups was also reflected within the pathological data. Although both BCGs reduced levels to below that of the non-vaccinated group (represented by mean percentage area coverage of granuloma, 59%), the BCG Pasteur group displayed less pathology (mean 6%) compared to the BCG (sigK) Pasteur cattle (mean 35%). It was suggested that the increased antigenic repertoire of the recombinant BCG (sigK) Pasteur did result in a stronger stimulation of the immune response post vaccination but that, as a consequence the bacterial threat was eliminated more rapidly.

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Books on the topic "Mycobacterium bovis infection"

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Nolan, Ann. An investigation of the development of specific antibody responses of badgers (Meles meles) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis with reference to the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the disease. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1991.

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O, Thoen Charles, and Steele James H, eds. Mycobacterium bovis infection in animals and humans. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1995.

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O, Thoen Charles, Steele James H, and Gilsdorf Michael J, eds. Mycobacterium bovis infection in animals and humans. 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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Steele, James H., Charles O. Thoen, and Michael J. Gilsdorf. Mycobacterium Bovis Infection in Animals and Humans. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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Garnett, Ben. Behavioural aspects of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) transmission and infection in badgers (Meles meles). 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mycobacterium bovis infection"

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Bonamonte, Domenico, Angela Filoni, and Gianni Angelini. "Mycobacterium bovis Skin Infection." In Mycobacterial Skin Infections, 127–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48538-6_3.

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Grant, Irene R., and Linda D. Stewart. "Improved Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in Bovine Tissues Using Immunomagnetic Separation Approaches." In Veterinary Infection Biology: Molecular Diagnostics and High-Throughput Strategies, 153–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2004-4_11.

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Khattak, Irfan, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq, Sultan Ayaz, Sajid Ali, Anwar Sheed, Javed Muhammad, Muhammad Luqman Sohail, Haq Amanullah, Irshad Ahmad, and Sadeeq ur Rahman. "Incidence and Drug Resistance of Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Peshawar, Pakistan." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 111–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_170.

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Esteban, Jaime, and Maria-Carmen Muñoz-Egea. "Mycobacterium bovis and Other Uncommon Members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex." In Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections, 753–65. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819866.ch44.

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Lahey, Timothy, and C. Fordham von Reyn. "Mycobacterium bovis BCG and New Vaccines for the Prevention of Tuberculosis." In Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections, 187–209. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819866.ch11.

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Kotani, S., A. Nagao, T. Tamura, H. Okamura, A. Nagata, K. Aoyama, S. Kusumoto, et al. "Purification and Endotoxin-Like Bioactivities of a Novel Amphiphile from Mycobacterium bovis BCG." In Immunotherapeutic Prospects of Infectious Diseases, 19–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76120-1_3.

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Cadmus, S. I. B., P. I. Fujiwara, J. A. Shere, B. Kaplan, and C. O. Thoen. "The Control of Mycobacterium bovis Infections in Africa: A One Health Approach." In Tuberculosis in Animals: An African Perspective, 41–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18690-6_4.

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Kaufmann, Stefan H. E., Ch H. Ladel, and Inge E. A. Flesch. "T Cells and Cytokines in Intracellular Bacterial Infections: Experiences with Mycobacterium Bovis BCG." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 123–41. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470514849.ch9.

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Sia, Irene G. "Mycobacteria." In Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases Board Review, 126–37. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199827626.003.0011.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is made up of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum, and Mycobacterium microti. Humans are the only natural reservoir of M tuberculosis. Mycobacterium bovis is caused by consumption of unpasteurized milk products from an infected cow. Cattle-to-human transmission also occurs. Patients with tuberculosis (TB) usually present with fever; less commonly, pleuritic chest pain, retrosternal or interscapular pain. Physical examination findings are usually normal. Hilar adenopathy is typical, often resolving in 1 year or more. Disease manifestations of other mycobacterial infection are also reviewed.

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Chaisson, Richard E., and Jean B. Nachega. "Tuberculosis." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 810–31. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070625_update_001.

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Tuberculosis is caused by organisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including M. tuberculosis (the most important), M. bovis, and M. africanum. It has been present since antiquity and is the second leading infectious cause of death after HIV infection. An estimated 2 billion people worldwide carry latent infection, when ...

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Conference papers on the topic "Mycobacterium bovis infection"

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Fathi, Yashar, Poone Golmaii, Atoosa Rabiee, Ali Samadpoor, Nooshin Shahverdi, and Behrooz Nikbin. "The effect of low-power GaAlAs laser radiation on Mycobacterium bovis infection in mice." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Leonardo Longo, Alfons G. Hofstetter, Mihail-Lucien Pascu, and Wilhelm R. A. Waidelich. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.544891.

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Inoue, Shinnosuke, Woon-Hong Yeo, Jong-Hoon Kim, Jae-Hyun Chung, Kyong-Hoon Lee, Dayong Gao, Kieseok Oh, and Gerard Cangelosi. "Amplification-Free DNA Detection Using a Microtip-Sensor Decorated With LNA Probes for Rapid TB Screening." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64378.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is an epidemic affecting one-third of the world’s population, mostly in developing and low-resource settings. People having active pulmonary TB are considered highly infectious; therefore, it is critical to identify and treat these patients rapidly before spreading to others. However, the most reliable TB diagnostic methods of bacterial culture or nucleic acid amplification are time-consuming and expensive. The challenge of TB diagnosis lies in highly sensitive and specific screening with low cost. Here, we present an LNA-modified microtip-sensor, which is capable of selectively detecting low-abundance DNA from bacteria. When genomic DNA of Bacillus Calmette-Gue´rin (BCG, a surrogate marker of Mycobacterium bovis), and genomic DNA of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epi) are used, the microtip-sensor yields the detection limit of 1,000 copies/mL within 20 minutes. The high sensitivity and specificity approaching nucleic acid amplification methods can potentially overcome the current challenges for rapid TB screening.

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