Journal articles on the topic 'Mycelium bio-composites'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Mycelium bio-composites.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 24 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Mycelium bio-composites.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Trabelsi, Marah, Al Mamun, Michaela Klöcker, Bennet Brockhagen, Franziska Kinzel, Dato Kapanadze, and Lilia Sabantina. "Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats for mushroom mycelium growth investigations and formation of mycelium-reinforced nanocomposites." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 16 (January 2021): 155892502110379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15589250211037982.
Full textAbstract:
Mycelium-bound composites are new environmentally friendly, cost-effective and sustainable materials, enable energy-saving bio-composite fabrication, and provide an alternative to synthetic materials. Current research on mycelium-based composites reports on relatively coarse material compositions such as rice husks, cotton residues, sawdust, leaves and bio-waste, etc. According to research, very few publications report on mycelium-reinforced composites with the use of nanomaterials and this topic is under-researched and this study helps to fill this gap. The focus of this study deals with the preparation of mycelium-reinforced nanocomposites including nanofiber mats and the investigation of the different nanofiber mat morphologies on the growth of fungal mycelium. The mycelium macrofibers from Pleurotus ostreatus fungi were grown on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber mats. Different morphologies of nanofiber mats such as fibrous and non-fibrous membrane areas or a mixture of both were used for mycelial growth with an additional nutrient. Moreover, mycelium/PAN nanocomposites were oxidative stabilized and carbonized and mycelium retains its morphology. For faster color differentiation between mycelium and nanofibers, PAN nanofiber mats were dyed in a one-step process by adding dye powder to the electrospinning solution as an additional tool. No significant differences in mycelial growth and morphology were observed regarding the different nanofiber mat types and the use of dye. These mycelium-reinforced nanocomposites are promising for many applications such as medicine and biotechnology, air and water purification and filtration, vertical farming, architecture, etc., and enable energy-saving bio-composite fabrication.
2
Rossi, A., A. Javadian, I. Acosta, E. Özdemir, N. Nolte, N. Saeidi, A. Dwan, et al. "HOME: Wood-Mycelium Composites for CO2-Neutral, Circular Interior Construction and Fittings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012068.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Office and retail interior fittings have a relatively short service life of 5-7 years. In this context, composite materials are often used, hindering possibilities of reuse or recycling. This research explores novel bio-composite materials and subsequently a construction method for CO2-neutral, circular interior fittings for office spaces. Based on the potential of fungal mycelium as a rapidly renewable, regenerative, affordable, low-carbon building material, bio-composite construction methods are explored in conjunction with timber-based additive manufacturing using continuous fibres. As mycelium has potentially excellent sound-absorbing properties but low load-bearing capacity, composite construction of timber veneer and mycelium allows to increase the structural capabilities of resulting components, while relying entirely on bio-based value chains. We describe the production process as well as the material development, including robotically aided processes for additive manufacturing of veneer reinforcement grids and compatibility studies of different mycelial species and substrates, and their bonding capabilities with veneer. We further present initial results on the mechanical characterization of the composite material, and its comparison to conventional mycelium composites. Minimal structural, acoustic, and functional requirements for different interior fitting elements are studied and compared to the characteristics of the proposed composite, highlighting the range of applications of the presented wood-mycelium composites.
3
Angelova, Galena, Mariya Stefanova Brazkova, and Bogdan Goranov. "Effect of the lignocellulose substrate type on mycelium growth and biocomposite formation by Ganoderma lucidum GA3P." Food Science and Applied Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (October 13, 2022): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.30721/fsab2022.v5.i2.203.
Full textAbstract:
The lignocellulose agricultural wastes, one of the major environmental pollutants, represent an extremely rich resource with high nutritional value, which can be used in the production of value-added products. In the current study the effect of different lignocellulose substrates on the growth rate of Ganoderma lucidum GA3P and the formation of mycelium-based bio-composites was determined. The macromorphology and specific mycelial growth rate of the colonies on different media containing various lignocellulosic substrate were studied. The obtained composites were characterized regarding their density of the mycelial growth, apparent density and size. G. lucidum GA3P demonstrated high μmax values ranging from 0.267 d-1 to 0.558 d-1 and low K values indicating that all used media were suitable for cultivation, but when wheat bran was used, the formed mycelium-based bio-composites possessed the best characteristics with highest apparent density recorded (0.39 ± 0.005).
4
Angelova, Galena, Mariya Brazkova, Petya Stefanova, Denica Blazheva, Veselin Vladev, Nadejda Petkova, Anton Slavov, et al. "Waste Rose Flower and Lavender Straw Biomass—An Innovative Lignocellulose Feedstock for Mycelium Bio-Materials Development Using Newly Isolated Ganoderma resinaceum GA1M." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7100866.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, for the first time, the potential of rose flowers and lavender straw waste biomass was studied as feeding lignocellulose substrates for the cultivation of newly isolated in Bulgaria Ganoderma resinaceum GA1M with the objective of obtaining mycelium-based bio-composites. The chemical characterization and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy established that the proximate composition of steam distilled lavender straw (SDLS) and hexane extracted rose flowers (HERF) was a serious prerequisite supporting the self-growth of mycelium bio-materials with improved antibacterial and aromatic properties. The basic physico-mechanical properties of the developed bio-composites were determined. The apparent density of the mycelium HERF-based bio-composites (462 kg/m3) was higher than that of the SDLS-based bio-composite (347 kg/m3) and both were much denser than expanded polystyren (EPS), lighter than medium-density fiber board (MDF) and oriented strand board (OSB) and similar to hempcrete. The preliminary testing of their compressive behavior revealed that the compressive resistance of SDLS-based bio-composite was 718 kPa, while for HERF-based bio-composite it was 1029 kPa and both values are similar to the compressive strength of hempcrete with similar apparent density. Water absorbance analysis showed, that both mycelium HERF- and SDLS-based bio-composites were hydrophilic and further investigations are needed to limit the hydrophilicity of the lignocellulose fibers, to tune the density and to improve compressive resistance.
5
Özdemir, Eda, Nazanin Saeidi, Alireza Javadian, Andrea Rossi, Nadja Nolte, Shibo Ren, Albert Dwan, et al. "Wood-Veneer-Reinforced Mycelium Composites for Sustainable Building Components." Biomimetics 7, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020039.
Full textAbstract:
The demand for building materials has been constantly increasing, which leads to excessive energy consumption for their provision. The looming environmental consequences have triggered the search for sustainable alternatives. Mycelium, as a rapidly renewable, low-carbon natural material that can withstand compressive forces and has inherent acoustic and fire-resistance properties, could be a potential solution to this problem. However, due to its low tensile, flexural and shear strength, mycelium is not currently widely used commercially in the construction industry. Therefore, this research focuses on improving the structural performance of mycelium composites for interior use through custom robotic additive manufacturing processes that integrate continuous wood fibers into the mycelial matrix as reinforcement. This creates a novel, 100% bio-based, wood-veneer-reinforced mycelium composite. As base materials, Ganoderma lucidum and hemp hurds for mycelium growth and maple veneer for reinforcement were pre-selected for this study. Compression, pull-out, and three-point bending tests comparing the unreinforced samples to the veneer-reinforced samples were performed, revealing improvements on the bending resistance of the reinforced samples. Additionally, the tensile strength of the reinforcement joints was examined and proved to be stronger than the material itself. The paper presents preliminary experiment results showing the effect of veneer reinforcements on increasing bending resistance, discusses the potential benefits of combining wood veneer and mycelium’s distinct material properties, and highlights methods for the design and production of architectural components.
6
Ghazvinian, Ali, and Benay Gursoy. "BASICS OF BUILDING WITH MYCELIUM-BASED BIO-COMPOSITES." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 37–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.37.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Mycelium-based composites (MBC) are biomaterials presenting renewable and bio-degradable alternatives for a wide range of design and manufacturing processes, including the building industry. MBC result from the incomplete growth of mycelium, fibrous root systems of fungi. They can turn urban and agricultural waste into high-end products. Existing research shows that MBC can reduce fossil fuels’ reliance and embodied energy and decrease building waste. Architects recently designed and built a wide range of experimental projects with MBC. In parallel, there is a growing body of work on MBC by scholars from different disciplines, such as mycology, material science, and mechanical engineering, focusing on assessing and enhancing the material properties of MBC for various applications. In this paper, we first provide essential knowledge on the cultivation of MBC for architectural applications. Next, we analyze some of the prominent architectural prototypes with MBC to exemplify the architectural potentials of MBC and uncover the constraints and affordances of this biomaterial when used in an architectural context. Finally, we review and synthesize the existing literature on MBC from different disciplines providing a guide for architects to cultivate and enhance the material properties of MBC for architectural goals.
7
Ghazvinian, Ali, and Benay Gursoy. "BASICS OF BUILDING WITH MYCELIUM-BASED BIO-COMPOSITES." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 37–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.1.37.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Mycelium-based composites (MBC) are biomaterials presenting renewable and bio-degradable alternatives for a wide range of design and manufacturing processes, including the building industry. MBC result from the incomplete growth of mycelium, fibrous root systems of fungi. They can turn urban and agricultural waste into high-end products. Existing research shows that MBC can reduce fossil fuels’ reliance and embodied energy and decrease building waste. Architects recently designed and built a wide range of experimental projects with MBC. In parallel, there is a growing body of work on MBC by scholars from different disciplines, such as mycology, material science, and mechanical engineering, focusing on assessing and enhancing the material properties of MBC for various applications. In this paper, we first provide essential knowledge on the cultivation of MBC for architectural applications. Next, we analyze some of the prominent architectural prototypes with MBC to exemplify the architectural potentials of MBC and uncover the constraints and affordances of this biomaterial when used in an architectural context. Finally, we review and synthesize the existing literature on MBC from different disciplines providing a guide for architects to cultivate and enhance the material properties of MBC for architectural goals.
8
Pittau, F., O. G. Carcassi, M. Servalli, S. Pellegrini, and S. Claude. "Hygrothermal characterization of bio-based thermal insulation made of fibres from invasive alien lake plants bounded with mycelium." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012069.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The European program ‘Renovation Wave’ aims to fasten the energy retrofit of the building stock by increasing by a factor 4 the current renovation rate. Mycelium-based materials gained momentum as insulation solutions in recent years due to their 100% biological composition. However, their durability issues, particularly the risk of fast decay due to high moisture content, need to be investigated to promote a safe use in construction. Two bio-composites were set up at a lab scale, a combination of hemp shives and mycelium and a novel mixture based on the combination of mycelium binder and fibres from a lake plant, Lagarosiphon major, an alien invasive species locally available in many EU internal waters. Samples with different dimensions were used to characterize through experimental tests the thermal conductivity, water absorption (capillarity) and vapor permeability. The results show that these mycelium-based composites present both hydric and thermal properties similar to other bio-based material used in construction. The capillarity tests highlighted that hemp composites absorb more water than lake plant ones. The thermal conductivity is similar for both biocomposites, i.e., around 0.05 W/m.K, while the moisture buffer position both analysed biocomposites in “WS 3” according to the German classification DIN 18947 for water regulators.
9
Sun, Wenjing, Mehdi Tajvidi, Caitlin Howell, and Christopher G. Hunt. "Insight into mycelium-lignocellulosic bio-composites: Essential factors and properties." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 161 (October 2022): 107125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107125.
Full text
10
Modanloo, Behzad, Ali Ghazvinian, Mohammadreza Matini, and Elham Andaroodi. "Tilted Arch; Implementation of Additive Manufacturing and Bio-Welding of Mycelium-Based Composites." Biomimetics 6, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics6040068.
Full textAbstract:
Bio-based materials have found their way to the design and fabrication in the architectural context in recent years. Fungi-based materials, especially mycelium-based composites, are a group of these materials of growing interest among scholars due to their light weight, compostable and regenerative features. However, after about a decade of introducing this material to the architectural community, the proper ways of design and fabrication with this material are still under investigation. In this paper, we tried to integrate the material properties of mycelium-based composites with computational design and digital fabrication methods to offer a promising method of construction. Regarding different characteristics of the material, we found additive manufacturing parallel to bio-welding is an appropriate fabrication method. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, we manufactured a small-scale prototype, a tilted arch, made of extruded biomass bound with bio-welding. The project is described in the paper.
11
Saez, Dana, Denis Grizmann, Martin Trautz, and Anett Werner. "Exploring the Binding Capacity of Mycelium and Wood-Based Composites for Use in Construction." Biomimetics 7, no. 2 (June 11, 2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020078.
Full textAbstract:
Existing research on mycelium-based materials recognizes the binding capacity of fungal hyphae. Fungal hyphae digest and bond to the surface of the substrate, form entangled networks, and enhance the mechanical strength of mycelium-based composites. This investigation was driven by the results of an ongoing project, where we attempt to provide basic concepts for a broad application of a mycelium and chipped wood composite for building components. Simultaneously, we further explore the binding capacity of mycelium and chipped wood composites with a series of experiments involving different mechanical interlocking patterns. Although the matrix material was analyzed on a micro-scale, the samples were developed on a meso-scale to enhance the bonding surface. The meso-scale allows exploring the potential of the bio-based material for use in novel construction systems. The outcome of this study provides a better understanding of the material and geometrical features of mycelium-based building elements.
12
Bosák, Lukáš, and Milan Palko. "Wall Panel Made of Bio-composites." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927902010.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainability is currently an important part of the building industry. The development of new building constructions and the use of ecological materials is a very popular topic in this area. One example of organic material are natural fibres bio-composites. Bio-composite materials are currently used in the form of laminates mainly used in the sport and furniture industries. This article addresses their use in the building industry as the outer envelope of buildings. The article deals with the testing of the influence of UV radiation and moisture on the degradation of Bio-composites with recommendation of possible ways of their protection. In the next section, it deals with the design of composite wall panel with Bio-composite laminates on the top layer. This panel will contain mycelium as thermal insulation. The assumption of the use of this type of construction in the building industry is based on the possibility of replacing conventional materials used nowadays and reducing the environmental load by the building industry. The use of new types of eco-friendly building materials is in accordance with the EU strategy.
13
Attias, Noam, Ofer Danai, Tiffany Abitbol, Ezri Tarazi, Nirit Ezov, Idan Pereman, and Yasha J. Grobman. "Mycelium bio-composites in industrial design and architecture: Comparative review and experimental analysis." Journal of Cleaner Production 246 (February 2020): 119037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119037.
Full text
14
Aiduang, Worawoot, Athip Chanthaluck, Jaturong Kumla, Kritsana Jatuwong, Sirasit Srinuanpan, Tanut Waroonkun, Rawiwan Oranratmanee, Saisamorn Lumyong, and Nakarin Suwannarach. "Amazing Fungi for Eco-Friendly Composite Materials: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8080842.
Full textAbstract:
The continually expanding use of plastic throughout our world, along with the considerable increase in agricultural productivity, has resulted in a worrying increase in global waste and related environmental problems. The reuse and replacement of plastic with biomaterials, as well as the recycling of agricultural waste, are key components of a strategy to reduce plastic waste. Agricultural waste is characterized as lignocellulosic materials that mainly consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Saprobe fungi are able to convert agricultural waste into nutrients for their own growth and to facilitate the creation of mycelium-based composites (MBC) through bio-fabrication processes. Remarkably, different fungal species, substrates, and pressing and drying methods have resulted in varying chemical, mechanical, physical, and biological properties of the resulting composites that ultimately vary the functional aspects of the finished MBC. Over the last two decades, several innovative designs have produced a variety of MBC that can be applied across a range of industrial uses including in packaging and in the manufacturing of household items, furniture, and building materials that can replace foams, plastics, and wood products. Materials developed from MBC can be considered highly functional materials that offer renewable and biodegradable benefits as promising alternatives. Therefore, a better understanding of the beneficial properties of MBC is crucial for their potential applications in a variety of fields. Here, we have conducted a brief review of the current findings of relevant studies through an overview of recently published literature on MBC production and the physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties of these composites for use in innovative architecture, construction, and product designs. The advantages and disadvantages of various applications of mycelium-based materials (MBM) in various fields have been summarized. Finally, patent trends involving the use of MBM as a new and sustainable biomaterial have also been reviewed. The resulting knowledge can be used by researchers to develop and apply MBC in the form of eco-friendly materials in the future.
15
Kychkin, Anatoly K., Larisa Anatoljevna Erofeevskaya, Aisen Kychkin, Elena D. Vasileva, Nikolay F. Struchkov, and Mikhail P. Lebedev. "Investigation of Biofouling and Its Effect on the Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Plastic Rebars Exposed to Extremely Cold Climate Conditions." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 18, 2022): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030369.
Full textAbstract:
For the first time, the possibility of penetration of mold fungi mycelium and spore-forming bacteria into the structure of basalt fiber reinforced plastic rebars has been shown in laboratory and field experiments. Biological contamination at the “fiber-binding” border reveals areas of swelling and penetration of mold fungi mycelium and bacterial spore cells into the binder component. After the exposure of samples at extremely low temperatures, strains of mold fungi of the genus Aspergillus were also isolated from the surface of the rebars. Additionally, spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus immobilized for samples from two years ago. This indicates the high viability of immobilized strains in cold climates. Aboriginal microflora isolated by the enrichment culture technique from the samples was represented by: actinobacteria of the genera Nocardia and Streptomyces; yeast of the genus Rhodotorula; and mold fungi of the genus Penicillium. It was shown that the enrichment culture technique is a highly informative method of diagnosing the bio-infection of polymer composite materials during their operation in extremely low temperatures. The metabolic activity of the cells of cryophilic microorganisms isolated from experimental samples of basalt fiber reinforced plastic rebars was associated with the features of the enzymes and fatty acid composition of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. In the case of temperature conditions when conventional (mesophilic) microorganisms stop developing vegetative cells, the process of transition of the lipid bilayer of cell membranes into a gel-like state was activated. This transition of the lipid bilayer to a gel-like state allowed the prevention of crystallization and death of the microbial cell when the ambient temperature dropped to negative values and as a result, after thawing, growth resumed and the metabolic activity of the microorganisms was restored. Studies have been carried out on the effect of biodepletion on the elastic strength characteristics, porosity and monolithicity of these materials, while at the same time, after a two year exposure, the strength preservation coefficient was k = 0.82 and the porosity increased by more than two times. The results show that the selected strains affect the properties of polymeric materials in cold climates in relation to the organic components in the structure of polymer composites.
16
Nguyen, Mai Thi, Daniela Solueva, Evgenia Spyridonos, and Hanaa Dahy. "Mycomerge: Fabrication of Mycelium-Based Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites on a Rattan Framework." Biomimetics 7, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020042.
Full textAbstract:
There is an essential need for a change in the way we build our physical environment. To prevent our ecosystems from collapsing, raising awareness of already available bio-based materials is vital. Mycelium, a living fungal organism, has the potential to replace conventional materials, having the ability to act as a binding agent of various natural fibers, such as hemp, flax, or other agricultural waste products. This study aims to showcase mycelium’s load-bearing capacities when reinforced with bio-based materials and specifically natural fibers, in an alternative merging design approach. Counteracting the usual fabrication techniques, the proposed design method aims to guide mycelium’s growth on a natural rattan framework that serves as a supportive structure for the mycelium substrate and its fiber reinforcement. The rattan skeleton is integrated into the finished composite product, where both components merge, forming a fully biodegradable unit. Using digital form-finding tools, the geometry of a compressive structure is computed. The occurring multi-layer biobased component can support a load beyond 20 times its own weight. An initial physical prototype in furniture scale is realized. Further applications in architectural scale are studied and proposed.
17
Angelova, Galena V., Mariya S. Brazkova, and Albert I. Krastanov. "Renewable mycelium based composite – sustainable approach for lignocellulose waste recovery and alternative to synthetic materials – a review." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, July 12, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2021-0040.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The agricultural waste with lignocellulose origin is considered to be one of the major environmental pollutants which, because of their high nutritional value, represent an extremely rich resource with significant potential for the production of value added bio-products. This review discusses the applications of higher fungi to upcycle abundant agricultural by-products into more sustainable materials and to promote the transition to a circular economy. It focuses on the main factors influencing the properties and application of mycelium composites – the feedstock, the basidiomycete species and their interaction with the feedstock. During controlled solid state cultivation on various lignocellulose substrates, the basidiomycetes of class Agaricomycetes colonize their surfaces and form a three-dimensional mycelium net. Fungal mycelium secretes enzymes that break down lignocellulose over time and are partially replaced by mycelium. The mycelium adheres to the residual undegraded substrates resulting in the formation of a high-mechanical-strength bio-material called a mycelium based bio-composite. The mycelium based bio-composites are completely natural, biodegradable and can be composted after their cycle of use is completed. The physicochemical, mechanical, and thermodynamic characteristics of mycelium based bio-composites are competitive with those of synthetic polymers and allow them to be successfully used in the construction, architecture, and other industries.
18
Antinori, Maria Elena, Marco Contardi, Giulia Suarato, Andrea Armirotti, Rosalia Bertorelli, Giorgio Mancini, Doriana Debellis, and Athanassia Athanassiou. "Advanced mycelium materials as potential self-growing biomedical scaffolds." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (June 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91572-x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMycelia, the vegetative part of fungi, are emerging as the avant-garde generation of natural, sustainable, and biodegradable materials for a wide range of applications. They are constituted of a self-growing and interconnected fibrous network of elongated cells, and their chemical and physical properties can be adjusted depending on the conditions of growth and the substrate they are fed upon. So far, only extracts and derivatives from mycelia have been evaluated and tested for biomedical applications. In this study, the entire fibrous structures of mycelia of the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum are presented as self-growing bio-composites that mimic the extracellular matrix of human body tissues, ideal as tissue engineering bio-scaffolds. To this purpose, the two mycelial strains are inactivated by autoclaving after growth, and their morphology, cell wall chemical composition, and hydrodynamical and mechanical features are studied. Finally, their biocompatibility and direct interaction with primary human dermal fibroblasts are investigated. The findings demonstrate the potentiality of mycelia as all-natural and low-cost bio-scaffolds, alternative to the tissue engineering systems currently in place.
19
Yang, Libin, Daekwon Park, and Zhao Qin. "Material Function of Mycelium-Based Bio-Composite: A Review." Frontiers in Materials 8 (September 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2021.737377.
Full textAbstract:
Mycelium-based bio-composite materials have been invented and widely applied to different areas, including construction, manufacturing, agriculture, and biomedical. As the vegetative part of a fungus, mycelium has the unique capability to utilize agricultural crop waste (e.g., sugarcane bagasse, rice husks, cotton stalks, straw, and stover) as substrates for the growth of its network, which integrates the wastes from pieces to continuous composites without energy input or generating extra waste. Their low-cost and environmentally friendly features attract interest in their research and commercialization. For example, mycelium-based foam and sandwich composites have been actively developed for construction structures. It can be used as synthetic planar materials (e.g., plastic films and sheets), larger low-density objects (e.g., synthetic foams and plastics), and semi-structural materials (e.g., paneling, flooring, furniture, decking). It is shown that the material function of these composites can be further tuned by controlling the species of fungus, the growing conditions, and the post-growth processing method to meet a specific mechanical requirement in applications (e.g., structural support, acoustic and thermal insulation). Moreover, mycelium can be used to produce chitin and chitosan, which have been applied to clinical trials for wound healing, showing the potential for biomedical applications. Given the strong potential and multiple advantages of such a material, we are interested in studying it in-depth and reviewing the current progress of its related study in this review paper.
20
Sun, Wenjing, Mehdi Tajvidi, Christopher G. Hunt, Gavin McIntyre, and Douglas J. Gardner. "Fully Bio-Based Hybrid Composites Made of Wood, Fungal Mycelium and Cellulose Nanofibrils." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (March 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40442-8.
Full text
21
Peng, Liucheng, Jing Yi, Xinyu Yang, Jing Xie, and Chenwei Chen. "Development and Characterization of Mycelium Bio-Composites by Utilization of Different Agricultural Residual Byproducts." Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobab.2022.11.005.
Full text
22
Biala, Eliza, and Martin Ostermann. "Mycostructures—growth-driven fabrication processes for architectural elements from mycelium composites." Architecture, Structures and Construction, November 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44150-022-00073-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe paper discusses how characteristics of the mycelium growth process—namely different growth effectiveness depending on the nutrition content of the substrate, gradual solidification of the inoculated substrate, and bio-welding—can be a driving force for developing sustainable biofabrication processes of mycelium based composites (MBC) for architectural application. To explore this potential one-semester (12 weeks) seminar and one block seminar (2 weeks) with master-level students were held at the University of Stuttgart, and independent work within the Institute IBK2 was performed. The free experimentation with fabrication tactics resulted in the emergence of different investigation paths, tested with small-scale demonstrators, from which the most interesting three this paper presents in detail. The first is the two-phase printing process of mycelium substrate and subsidiary reusable support materials. It applied tests with the small, inorganic, loose substances (plastic pellets) extractable mechanically and meltable substances (wax) extracted by heating. The second path of investigation followed lost formworks created from hemp strings positioned inside the material. Finally, the third path is a particular case of lost formwork approach utilizing different tubular bandages stuffed with MBC and utilizing it later as a thick filament for other different form-giving deposition practices: layering, hanging, braiding, and knotting. All three investigation paths prove feasible, although their upscaling potential correlates strongly with the successful automation of the processes using CNC machines, which could provide the precision and sterility needed for this highly heterogenous and sensitive material. In addition, further developments in the material cultivation protocols are indispensable to provide a higher repetition of the results.
23
Brandić Lipińska, Monika, Chris Maurer, Dave Cadogan, James Head, Martyn Dade-Robertson, Ivan Glaucio Paulino-Lima, Chen Liu, et al. "Biological growth as an alternative approach to on and off-Earth construction." Frontiers in Built Environment 8 (September 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2022.965145.
Full textAbstract:
A critical aspect of human space exploration and eventual settlement is the ability to construct habitats while minimizing payload mass launched from Earth. To respond to this challenge, we have proposed the use of fungal bio-composites for growing extra-terrestrial structures, directly at the destination, significantly lowering the mass of structural materials transported from Earth and minimizing the need for high mass robotic operations and infrastructure preparations. Throughout human history, the construction of habitats has used biologically produced materials, from bone and skins to wood and limestone. Traditionally, the materials are used only post-mortem. Currently, the idea of working with living biological organisms, and the phenomenon of growth itself, is of increasing interest in architecture and space applications. Here, we describe the use of mycelium-based composites as an alternative, biological approach for constructing regenerative and adaptive buildings in extrem environments and extraterrestrial habitats. It is a continuation of our research program initiated under the auspices of the “Myco-architecture Off Planet” NASA NIAC Team. These composites, which are fire-resistant, and insulating, do not consist of volatile organic compounds from petrochemical products and can be used independently or in conjunction with regolith, could employ the living biological growth in a controlled environment, for the process of material fabrication, assembly, maintenance, and repair, providing structures resilient to extra-terrestrial hazards. Here we outline the potential and challenges of using bio-composites for Earth and space applications. We describe how these might be addressed to make this biological approach feasible, providing new, growing materials for designing and building sustainable habitats, both on Earth and for long-duration space missions.
24
Müller, Cecilia, Sophie Klemm, and Claudia Fleck. "Bracket fungi, natural lightweight construction materials: hierarchical microstructure and compressive behavior of Fomes fomentarius fruit bodies." Applied Physics A 127, no. 3 (February 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04270-2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBracket fungi such as Fomes fomentarius (“tinder fungus”), have strong, light and tough fruit bodies that make them interesting role-models for bio-inspired, biodegradable applications. So far, little is known about the relation between their microstructure and mechanical properties, information needed for designing novel composites. The fruit bodies (mycelia) of tinder fungus are hierarchically structured honeycomb foams. The mycelium has a transversely isotropic microstructure with open porosity on the nano- and micro-length scales. The lowest resolution porosity appears as elongated tubes that extend from beneath the woody upper surface down towards the lower side that faces the ground. The tube walls are made of a network of hollow, fibrous cells (hyphae), mainly consisting of chitin. When tested mechanically, the material shows the typical compressive stress/strain curve of foams, where an initially linear course is followed by an extended plateau region. The as-harvested material exhibits pronounced viscoelastic recovery, but the tube walls are visibly damaged. Compared with the transverse direction, the load-bearing capability and energy absorption parallel to the tube long axis are ~ 5 and ~ 10 times higher, respectively. Unexpectedly however, the energy absorption efficiency is similar for both loading directions. Buckling of the tubes and cracking of their walls are the main damage mechanisms, and the damage zones coalesce into deformation bands as it is typical for foams. Drying leads to ~ 7 times higher plateau stresses, damage becomes extensive, and the mycelium loses its viscoelastic recovery capability. Interestingly, rehydration restores the properties of the wet state. It is compelling to imagine an adaptive role to natural dry/wet conditions.