Academic literature on the topic 'Mutual Store'

This study identifies the main factors influencing turnover among convenience store employees from a managerial perspective and infers the changes necessary to reduce such high turnover rates. Employing the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology, it investigates the degree of mutual influence between evaluation indicators and constructs a network relation map for evaluation dimensions and criteria. This study also uses the DEMATEL-based analytic network process method to compute the influential weights of each dimension and criteria. According to the empirical results of the causality model, convenience store employees must first improve the relatedness dimension, and managers must first improve the existence dimension. These findings can help convenience store managers address talent retention and turnover problems, develop effective strategies to lower the high turnover rates at convenience stores, and offer solutions to new industry entrants to avoid potential problems that might lead to early exit.

Purpose – For many retailers organic growth through the opening of new stores is a crucial cornerstone of the business model. The purpose of this paper is to explore the store opening process conducted by retail companies. The research questions cover: first, the role and organisation of the establishment function in charge of the process; second, the activities and functions involved in the process; and third, the coordination mechanisms applied during the process. Design/methodology/approach – This research considers the store opening process as a company-wide project, managed by an establishment function, in which internal functions as well as external suppliers need to be coordinated. A multiple case study of eight retail companies is presented, focusing on the organisation of the establishment function, a mapping of the store opening process and the application of coordination mechanisms. Findings – The role and organisation of the establishment function is described and the store opening process is summarised into 11 main activities to be conducted by either the establishment function or other involved functions. During the store opening process six different coordination mechanisms are utilised, including mutual adjustments and direct supervision, as well as different types of standardisation. Originality/value – This research seeks to improve our understanding for the store opening process and how it can be managed and controlled in an effective manner.

According to the Commercial Lease Protection Act, revised in 2015 to protect the opportunity for commercial tenants to recover the premium, commercial tenants can recover the premium by arranging a new tenant to the lessor. However, tenants who are difficult to regard as relatively weak in the lease relationship are exceptionally protected from the opportunity to recover the premium, and tenants belonging to large stores and quasi-large stores are representative examples. Under this regulation, tenants who fall under franchise-type chain business stores of large-scale store managers or affiliates of companies restricted from mutual investment will not be protected from the opportunity to recover the premium. Tenants, who are franchisees, are far behind those of direct stores in the franchise chain business in terms of information and capital power. In the case of such franchisees, there are many cases in which a premium transaction contract is signed with a general tenant other than a franchise store when transferring and transferring the premium. In that case, there is a problem that the protection regulations for the opportunity to recover the premium are applied differently depending on the type operated by the transferee of the store. In order to solve this problem, the amendment of the Commercial Lease Protection Act should protect the opportunity to recover the premium by excluding the tenant who falls under the franchise chain business from the category of quasi-large stores.

The abortable mutual exclusion problem, proposed by Scott and Scherer in response to the needs in real-time systems and databases, is a variant of mutual exclusion that allows processes to abort from their attempt to acquire the lock. Worst-case constant remote memory reference algorithms for mutual exclusion using hardware instructions such as Fetch&Add or Fetch&Store have long existed for both cache coherent (CC) and distributed shared memory multiprocessors, but no such algorithms are known for abortable mutual exclusion. Even relaxing the worst-case requirement to amortized, algorithms are only known for the CC model. In this article, we improve this state of the art by designing a deterministic algorithm that uses Fetch&Store to achieve amortized O (1) remote memory reference in both the CC and distributed shared memory models. Our algorithm supports Fast Abort (a process aborts within six steps of receiving the abort signal) and has the following additional desirable properties: it supports an arbitrary number of processes of arbitrary names, requires only O (1) space per process, and satisfies a novel fairness condition that we call Airline FCFS . Our algorithm is short with fewer than a dozen lines of code.

In the first post-war decade, Stalinist authorities resumed pre-war practices of voluntary gatherings of store patrons in large cities. Such meetings, called “consumer conferences,” constituted embryonic manifestations of proletarian governance that municipal officials considered ideologically safe to employ in a period when Kremlin elites increased their crackdown measures against the wartime liberalization initiatives. Drawing on people's insider knowledge of local communities, city authorities aimed to gather economic information about consumer needs to improve the retail system. Yet, urban working-class women, the most committed conference participants, saw stores more than as simply places of consumption: the store contributed to the local community's safety, hygiene, health, emotional comfort, and mutual trust. Consumer conferences therefore turned into a forum for women's activism as female urbanites used customer gatherings to carve out part of a state-curated public space in which they exercised a measure of control over their neighborhoods’ well-being.

Purpose – Several frameworks of retail store environment variables exist, but as shown by this paper, they are not particularly well-suited for supporting fashion store design processes. Thus, in order to provide an improved understanding of fashion store design, the purpose of this paper is to identify the most important store design variables, organise these variables into categories, understand the design constraints between categories, and determine the most influential stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a discussion of existing literature, the paper defines a framework of store design variables and constraints between these. The framework is investigated through six case studies of fashion store design projects. Findings – Through a discussion of literature and empirical studies, the paper: identifies the most important store design variables, organises these variables into categories, provides an understanding of constraints between categories of variables, and identifies the most influential stakeholders. The paper demonstrates that the fashion store design task can be understood through a system perspective, implying that the store design task becomes a matter of defining a set of subsystems, while considering their mutual interdependencies. Research limitations/implications – The proposed framework may be used as a point of departure and a frame of reference for future research into fashion store design. Practical implications – The paper may support retail designers and retail managers in fashion store design processes by clarifying which store design variables to consider and providing an understanding of the constraints between them. Originality/value – The perspective on the fashion store design task offered by the proposed framework adds a layer of understanding to the way in which existing literature describes the challenges related to store design. The empirical studies of fashion store projects demonstrate that the described system perspective offers a useful way of organising fashion store designers’ experiences from design processes.

Mutual exclusion is one of the mechanisms that can be used to solve concurrency problems in the operating system. In the operating system, there are resources that cannot be shared at the same time, such as printers. These kinds of resources are called critical resources. Programs that use critical resources are called entering critical regions/sections. Programmers cannot rely on the operating system to understand and enforce these limits. The mutual exclusion settlement process was submitted by several experts. One of them is Lamport with a method known as Lamport's Bakery Algorithm. The work process of Lamport's Bakery Algorithm starts from the buyer entering the store and receiving the sequence number. If there is a waiter who is idle (not being / will serve other buyers), then the buyer directly asks for service from the waiter. If not, then the buyer sits in the buyer's waiting area and waits until his turn. Shoppers who have finished being served out of the store and waiters who are idle serve the lowest numbered buyers who are waiting at the waiting place of the buyer

Designed to store and discharge electrical energy, rechargeable batteries consist of elementary storage cell assemblies. Aging is affected by various aggravating factors, mainly temperature. There are many electric or electrochemical models which describe their operation. Most standard models do not consider the aging phenomena of batteries and their consequences, while batteries deteriorate when used or stored. Precisely, most battery models do not simulate the influence of cell aging on other cells. The model presented in this paper incorporates aging and the effects of mutual interactions between cells. The model can be established based on four measurement points on the cell characteristic curve and allows the simulation of a single cell’s or multiple coupled cells’ behavior. The model can then be easily implemented in simulation software like Matlab.

The public's lack of interest in the capital market has made the top brass of capital market companies compete with each other to provide services in order to provide convenience for customers in the various services available and provide convenience in accessing financial information. The emergence of several startup companies that provide mutual fund investment products for investors, namely PT Bibit Reksadana Grow Together, which created a mutual fund application, namely Bibit Mutual Fund with more than one million users based on data downloaded on the play store by PT Bibit Grow Bersama which acts as a Mutual Fund Selling Agent (APERD) and sells 134 mutual fund products. So, to provide information to the public, it is necessary to have a sentiment analysis on how the opinions of users of the mutual fund seed application use the methodK-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Naïve Bayes, with the results of crawling data of 3800 tweets and scraping of 5000 reviews, then the text processing and labeling stages are carried out using the textblob library, with a high level of accuracy in the classification of tweet data and review data using the K-nearest neighbor method. Nearest Neighbor as much as 88%, 100%, and Naïve Bayes as much as 100%, 100%, it can be concluded that positive opinions from seed mutual fund users are more than negative sentiments.

This article proposed a new security protocol with satisfying the lightweight requirements of the security of RFID system. Using varying identifiers, the protocol can resist Forward attack, Traffic analysis and Tracking attack, Replay attack. The Back-end Server holds the new identifier and last identifier for every Tag can keep database synchronization. Each Tag store a unique Key that is the secret information which also store in the Back-end Server. Use the Key, the protocol can implement mutual authentication between Back-end Server and Tag. Then the paper compared the proposed protocol with the typical protocols in security, effective and cost. The results demonstrate that the protocol can effectively solve the security problem of RFID systems.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la didactique des langues et des cultures étrangères ; il s’agit d’une recherche sur un enseignement du persan quotidien qui repose sur la nouvelle, en tant que lieu d’échanges interculturels. Justifiant, en premier lieu, pour le persan l’hypothèse de la diglossie, cette thèse montre que ce concept ne peut pas se concevoir sans considérer les différents paramètres socioculturels qui conditionnent l’emploi de chacune des deux variétés linguistiques : le persan quotidien et le persan littéral. La diglossie, la double relation de la langue et de la culture et par la suite l’étude du corpus des manuels de persan nous ont confortée dans notre réflexion sur la nécessité de réviser l’enseignement du persan « parlé-quotidien » et la présentation de la diversité culturelle en Iran. Cette recherche s’interroge sur l’impact du choix de la nouvelle littéraire pour la didactique du persan « parlé-quotidien » et sur son aptitude à susciter des interactions verbales interculturelles. La thèse pose qu’un élément concret ou un thème bien choisi dans une nouvelle, peut amener les apprenants à prendre la parole. Ce rôle tient à la présence, dans ce même ensemble textuel, d’éléments culturels saisissables. Ce choix didactique s’accompagne d’une sélection iconographique d’images destinées à attirer l’attention des apprenants sur le contenu de la nouvelle et sur les aspects culturels qu’elle véhicule. Nous nous proposons également d’étudier si la posture de l’enseignant et les relations interpersonnelles enseignant/apprenant sont interdépendantes et influencent le désir d’apprendre et de communiquer chez l’apprenant dans le contexte de l’enseignement du persan. Nous avons mis en place un projet didactique auprès d’étudiants en deuxième années de licence en langue et civilisation persanes à l’Institut national des Langues et Civilisations orientales, afin de vérifier ces idées. L’analyse des données enregistrées permet de présenter comment nous avons appliqué nos concepts et nos propositions. Elle est révélatrice de l’émergence d’une dynamique conversationnelle et interculturelle en classe et confirme ainsi nos hypothèses didactiques sur l’emploi de la nouvelle en classe de persan langue étrangère
This thesis is in the field of teaching foreign language and culture. It represents a research on teaching ‘‘everyday Persian’’ based on short story as a place of intercultural exchanges. Applying the diglossia hypothesis to Persian, this dissertation demonstrates that this concept cannot overlook different sociocultural parameters which determine the use of two linguistic varieties: ‘‘everyday Persian’’ and ‘‘formal Persian’’. The diglossia, the mutual relation between language and culture and the study of Persian textbooks corpus have convinced us that teaching ‘‘spoken everyday Persian’’ and the presentation of cultural diversity in Iran need to be revised. This research examines the impact of using short stories on teaching ‘‘spoken everyday Persian’’ and also its efficacy to stimulate intercultural verbal interactions. The thesis raises if a concrete element or a well chosen theme in a short story can lead learners to speak. This role requires the seizable cultural elements in this very text. This educational choice is associated with an iconographical study of some selected illustrations intended to attract learners’ attention to the content of the short story and the cultural aspects it conveys. Another purpose of this research is to figure out whether the teacher’s posture, communication behaviours and the teacher/learner interpersonal relationships are interdependent and if they have any impact on the learner’s desire to learn and communicate in the context of teaching Persian. To verify these hypotheses, an educational project for the second year-students of Persian language and civilization at the National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations was implemented. Analysis of recorded data can show how our concepts and proposals were applied. It is indicative of the emergence of a conversational and intercultural dynamics in the classroom and confirms our hypotheses regarding the use of Persian short stories in teaching Persian as a foreign language

The aim of this thesis is to enhance our understanding of Swedish marine insurers' choices of business strategies under the potentially difficult business circumstances of the interwar period 1918-1939. Little previous research exists on marine insurance during the interwar period. This is remarkable in the Swedish context since the Swedish economy has traditionally depended on its exports. The focus on Sweden is justified since the Swedish insurance market saw regulatory stability during the interwar period. It was also characterised by the coexistence of stock and mutual insurers, allowing this thesis to contribute with insights on potentially problematic insurance cartelisaton. This thesis employs a mixed methods design, including qualitative methods and regression analysis. To interpret results, this thesis employs insurance risk theory, cartel theory, theories on reinsurance and risk diversification, and agency theory. By employing this combination of theories, it is possible to explain choices and outcomes of adopted strategies both with reference to particularities of marine insurance and with reference to particularities of the two different organisational forms. The results show that the insurers conceived several new characteristics of their business environment as challenges and implemented both cartel strategies and company-specific strategies of risk diversification. Among the challenges were rapid inflation, rapidly decreasing prices and business volumes in shipping and trade, the introduction of motor ships, and the existence of naval mines on many trade routes. Also, exchange-rate fluctuations were considered to cause losses on established marine insurance contracts and rendered business results uncertain. Swedish insurers adopted cartel strategies from 1918 through The Swedish Association of Marine Underwriters (Sjöassuradörernas Förening) since they had anticipated a post-war crisis. Market division agreements were adopted for the most attractive market segments, but eventually price agreements became the primary cartel strategy, supported by prohibitions of competition. The work on price agreements sometimes increased the market efficiency since it reduced uncertainty, for instance in insurance of cargo with motor ships. Few price agreements were however adopted for the insurance of shipping since that market segment was dominated by mutual insurers, highlighting the difficulties of cartelisation in insurance markets inhabited by both stock and mutual insurers. The cartel further adopted reinsurance agreements to create barriers to entry in the Swedish marine insurance market. It however experienced prominent difficulties to implement the cartel strategies. One prominent difficulty of implementation was cheating. Also international competition created difficulties. The cartel companies therefore engaged in international cartelisation through The International Union of Marine Insurance (Internationaler Tranport-Versicherungs-Verband) from the late 1920s. This international cartel sought to reduce international competition by agreements not to compete in foreign markets. It also sought to manage the exchange-rate fluctuations of the early 1920s and the early 1930s by agreements among marine insurers, but it failed to obtain sufficient support. In spite of cartelisation, the returns on marine insurance were pushed down by the recognized challenges during the early 1920s, inflicting losses. The business however recovered and remained profitable throughout the 1930s, showing that the great depression was not as great as the deflation crisis in marine insurance. Exchange-rate fluctuations affected the international competitive strength of both stock and mutual insurers and additionally influenced the stock insurers' returns on established marine insurance contracts. The insurers were however compensated for the poor marine business results of the early 1920s by greater reliance than previously on reinsurers and by diversification among insurance lines, which rendered profits less negative than the returns on marine insurance. The business ceded to reinsurers on average inflicted losses during each of the first seven years of the 1920s. These losses were indirectly caused by World War I since that war had caused the establishment of new reinsurers in different countries, not the least in Scandinavia, and in turn caused over capacity during the 1920s. New contractual formulations evolved internationally to the benefit of ceding insurers, indicating information asymmetries. Exits became frequent among reinsurers. In effect, into the 1930s, ceding insurers internationally found it difficult to obtain obligatory reinsurance treaties. During the early 1920s, the Swedish stock marine insurers also increasingly diversified their insurance businesses among insurance lines. This process had been catalysed by World War I, was accelerated during the 1920s, and continued into the 1930s.
Syftet med denna avhandling är att förståeliggöra svenska marinförsäkringsbolags val av affärsstrategier under mellankrigstiden 1918-1939, en period som kännetecknades av potentiellt svåra affärsförhållanden. Försäkringsverksamhet är känslig för ekonomiska kriser, men har uppmärksammats mindre än bankverksamhet när det gäller mellankrigstiden. Inte minst marinförsäkring är känslig för ekonomiska kriser eftersom de försäkrade verksamheterna, sjöfart och handel, endast förekommer i den mån som transporterade varor efterfrågas. Tidigare forskning har endast i liten omfattning fokuserat på marinförsäkring, vilket ur ett svenskt perspektiv kan tyckas anmärkningsvärt med tanke på att den svenska ekonomin har i hög grad varit beroende av sjöburen handel. En studie av svensk marinförsäkring är motiverad ur ett internationellt perspektiv eftersom den svenska försäkringslagstiftningen förblev i stort sett oförändrad under perioden, vilket gör det rimligt att tolka marinförsäkringsbolags val av affärsstrategier som svar på ekonomiska omständigheter. Under mellankrigstiden var katellstrategier ett vanligt svar på svåra affärsförhållanden i olika verksamheter, men kartellisering var potentiellt problematisk i marinförsäkring eftersom den verksamheten är internationell och eftersom marinförsäkring är en heterogen produkt. Dessutom befolkades den svenska försäkringsmarknaden av både aktiebolag och ömsesidiga bolag, vilket är ett ytterligare potentiellt hinder för kartellisering. Studier av kartellisering under potentiallt svåra förutsättningar kan bidra med insikter om under vilka förutsättningar karteller uppstår, vilket ytterligare motiverar studien. Denna avhandling analyserar även två företagsspecifika riskdiversifieringsstrategier, som potentiellt kan kompensera för låg avkastning på mottagen försäkring, nämligen återförsäkring och diversifiering mellan försäkringsgrenar. Återförsäkring har av tidigare forskning framhållits som ett underutforskat område. Avhandlingen tillämpar både kvalitativa och kvantitativa undersökningsmetoder. För att uttolka de empiriska resultaten tillämpas riskteori för försäkring, kartellteori, återförsäkringsteori, riskdiversifieringsteori, samt incitamentsteori på företagsnivå (agency theory). Denna kombination av teorier gör det möjligt att förklara strategival med utgångspunkt både i marinförsäkringens karaktäristika och i de båda olika organisationsformers karaktäristika. Resultaten visar att försäkringsbolagen noterade ett antal nya affärsförhållanden som utmaningar och att dessa bolag implementerade både kartellstrategier och företagsspecifika riskdiversifieringsstrategier. Bland de noterade utmaningarna märks snabb inflation, snabbt fallande priser och affärsvolymer i sjöfart och handel, införandet av motorfartyg, samt sjöminor på många fartygsrutter. Försäkringsbolagen behärskade endast lite erfarenhet av risker associerade med motorfartyg och sjöminor, vilket gjorde riskbedömningar osäkra. Även växelkursfluktuationer uppfattades som utmaningar eftersom de orsakade förluster på etablerade marinförsäkringskontrakt och skapade problem att förutsäga affärsresultaten. Från 1918 antog svenska marinförsäkringsbolag kartellstrategier genom branschorganisationen Sjöassuradörernas Förening, detta eftersom de förväntade sig en efterkrigskris. Marknadsuppdelningsavtal infördes i attraktiva marknadssegment, men med tiden blev prisöverenskommelser den främsta kartellstrategin, understödd av avtal som förbjöd konkurrens. Arbetet med prisöverenskommelser ökade marknadseffektiviteten i vissa marknadssegment, detta genom att reducera osäkerheten i riskbedömningarna. Ett tydligt exempel på ett sådant marknadssegment är försäkring av varor transporterade med motorfartyg. Kartellen etablerade däremot få prisöverenskommelser för försäkring av sjöfart eftersom detta marknadssegment dominerades av ömsesidiga försäkringsbolag. Denna kontrast mellan varuförsäkring och sjöfartsförsäkring belyser svårigheterna med att kartellisera en försäkringsmarknad som befolkas både av aktiebolag och av ömsesidiga bolag. Kartellen antog också återförsäkringsavtal i syfte att skapa etableringshinder på den svenska försäkringsmarknaden. Den upplevde emellertid svårigheter att implementera överenskommelserna, såsom brott mot prisöverenskommelserna och mot konkurrensförbuden. Ytterligare svårigheter skapades av internationell konkurrens. Från slutet av 1920-talet deltog därför kartellbolagen i den internationella marinförsäkringskartellen Internationaler Tranport-Versicherungs-Verband (senare benämnd The International Union of Marine Insurance). Medlemsbolagen i denna internationella kartell skapade överenskommelser med innebörden att utländska försäkringstagare inte skulle erbjudas försäkring. Dessa överenskommelser syftade till att reducera den internationella konkurrensen. Denna kartell försökte också reducera effekterna för marinförsäkringsbolag av växelkursfluktuationer genom överenskommelser om hur växelkurser skulle beräknas i marinförsäkringsfrågor. Sådana försök gjordes både under de första åren av 1920-talet och under de första åren av 1930-talet. Det avsedda resultatet kunde emellertid inte nås, detta eftersom uppslutningen förblev otillräcklig. Trots kartelliseringen reducerades avkastningen på marinförsäkring till förlustnivåer under det tidiga 1920-talet. Avkastningen förbättrades sedan stegvis och förblev positiv under 1930-talet. I marinförsäkring var alltså den stora depression inte lika stor som deflationskrisen. Växelkursfluktuationer påverkade både aktiebolags och ömsesidiga bolags internationella konkurrenskraft. Dessutom påverkade växelkurserna aktiebolagens avkastning på etablerade marinförsäkringskontrakt. Försäkringsbolagen kompenserades för 1920-talets förlustresultat i marinförsäkring genom ökad cedering av risk till återförsäkringsbolag och genom diversifiering av de mottagna riskerna mellan olika försäkringsgrenar. Under 1920-talet var bolagens vinster därför mindre negativa än resultaten i marinförsäkring. Den affär som cederades till återförsäkringsbolag var i genomsnitt förlustbringande under vart och ett av 1920-talets första sju år. Dessa förluster orsakades indirekt av första världskriget, eftersom det kriget stimulerade etablering av nya återförsäkringsbolag, detta i olika länder och inte minst i Skandinavien. I förlängningen skapade första världskriget därmed överkapacitet på återförsäkringsmarknaden. Nya kontraktsformuleringar introducerades internationellt till de cederande bolagens fördel. Detta förhållande indikerar informationsasymmetrier i relationen mellan cederande och mottagande försäkringsbolag. Många återförsäkringsbolag lämnade marknaden. Resultatet blev att cederande bolag under början av 1930-talet i olika länder fick svårigheter att sluta obligatoriska återförsäkringsavtal. Under början av 1920-talet diversifierade aktiebolagen också sin verksamhet mellan olika försäkringsgrenar. Denna process katalyserades av första världskriget, accelererade under början av 1920-talet och fortsatte in på 1930-talet.

L'activació sostinguda de Hog1 porta a una inhibició del creixement cel·lular. En aquest treball, hem observat que el fenotip de letalitat causat per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 és parcialment inhibida per la mutació del complexe SCFCDC4. La inhibició de la mort causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 depèn de la via d'extensió de la vida. Quan Hog1 s'activa de manera sostinguda, la mutació al complexe SCFCDC4 fa que augmenti l'expressió gènica depenent de Msn2 i Msn4 que condueix a una sobreexpressió del gen PNC1 i a una hiperactivació de la deacetilassa Sir2. La hiperactivació de Sir2 és capaç d'inhibir la mort causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1.
També hem observat que la mort cel·lular causada per l'activació sostinguda de Hog1 és deguda a una inducció d'apoptosi. L'apoptosi induïda per Hog1 és inhibida per la mutació al complexe SCFCDC4. Per tant, la via d'extensió de la vida és capaç de prevenir l'apoptosi a través d'un mecanisme desconegut.
Sustained Hog1 activation leads to an inhibition of cell growth. In this work, we have observed that the lethal phenotype caused by sustained Hog1 activation is prevented by SCFCDC4 mutants. The prevention of Hog1-induced cell death by SCFCDC4 mutation depends on the lifespan extension pathway. Upon sustained Hog1 activation, SCFCDC4 mutation increases Msn2 and Msn4 dependent gene expression that leads to a PNC1 overexpression and a Sir2 deacetylase hyperactivation. Then, hyperactivation of Sir2 is able to prevent cell death caused by sustained Hog1 activation.
We have also observed that cell death upon sustained Hog1 activation is due to an induction of apoptosis. The apoptosis induced by Hog1 is decreased by SCFCDC4 mutation. Therefore, lifespan extension pathway is able to prevent apoptosis by an unknown mechanism.

This dissertation examines the life stories of Marsha Ethridge (all names are pseudonyms), a teacher who has taught for 46 years in one urban elementary school. The stories Marsha tells about her life are used as lenses to consider the following: (1) What influences most shaped Marsha’s practices and stories to live by as a teacher? (2) What has it been like for Marsha teaching reading in an urban elementary school for 46 years? and (3) What is the nature of caring in Marsha’s stories? The study draws on life story and portraiture methods. Data were collected over a period of three years and includes life story interviews, one focus group interview, observations, and artifacts. Through the process of constant comparative method, three themes emerged: literacy and accountability, teacher development and identity, and caring and connecting. The most salient theme was caring and connecting throughout Marsha’s stories, and it served as a unifying thread to pull her stories together. This study found that in Marsha’s first years of teaching there were few forms of accountability. She felt that this was the primary reason many of her sixth graders had made it through school without learning to read. In the following years she used a variety of measures for accountability, including high-stakes accountability, which caused her to experience increasing professional dissonance. The form of accountability she believed improved her teaching practices the most was accountability situated in the context of caring relationships and it led to hope for future success. Marsha experienced this face-to-face accountability in the teacher-initiated group she had been meeting with for 27 years. Research implications from this study include the need to further explore discourse in teacher-initiated groups over time and in different contexts, as well as consider how the relational dynamics and accountability within collaborative teacher groups contribute to teacher growth. Additionally, the analysis of Marsha’s life stories indicate a need for teachers, parents, researchers, and policy makers to lay aside discourse of blaming and shaming to create opportunities for extended conversations about alternatives to high-stakes accountability.
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Charles University in Prague, Faculty of arts Institute of Prehistory and Early History Lucia Žilincová SETTLEMENT OF BOHEMIAN PARADISE IN THE PERIOD OF LUSATIAN URN FIELDS Dissertation thesis Summary: The main aim of my dissertation thesis is to contribute to better understanding of the Bohemian Paradise settlement in the Lusatian urn fields period and its relation and contacts to the neighbouring areas. The basic source is archaeological material from seven cemeteries (Sovenice /bez. Mladá Boleslav/, Sovenice /bez. Nymburk/, Svijany, Svijanský Újezd, Koryta, Březina, Příšovice) and two settlements of the Lusatian culture (Turnov-Maškovy zahrady, Svijany). Its analysis is basis for enrichement knowledge of Lusatian material culture and its clue for completing of missing elements in chronological development. Inevitable part of this work is substitution of these localities to the Bomemian Paradise frame and classification in the wider space of this culture widespreading. On the base of acquired knowledge I will try to solve the question of possibility for comparation of the settlement and burial material of Lusatian culture. 2016

The monograph is devoted to the ability of music in different phases of its functioning (creation, performance, perception) to convincingly demonstrate the associative and code principles of consciousness — mutual connection, induction and "translation" (encoding and decoding) of its various aspects, structures (in particular, emotional and rational) and levels (for example, individual and general, concrete and abstract). It is highlighted that music unites people, helps to resist disunity, indifference, feelings of loss and uselessness in the big world. It is revealed that the unifying power of music is manifested not only when a huge auditorium lives in one breath, when it freezes at once or suddenly bursts into a storm of applause in a single burst; a person feels this power, even if the sounds flow from a television or radio receiver. Spiritual culture should be addressed only to a person, it has a beneficial effect on a person's behavior, his work activity and the whole way of life. The socio-cultural significance of musical art is dramatically increasing in the context of a radical transformation of our society. It should ensure the assimilation of spiritual values that form the foundation of human life. It is intended for the widest audience of readers — from students of children's music schools and art schools to students of humanities faculties of universities and lovers of musical art.

How did the breakdown of Roman rule in the Iberian Peninsula eventually result in the formation of a Visigothic kingdom with authority centralised in Toledo? This collection of essays challenges the view that local powers were straightforwardly subjugated to the expanding central power of the monarchy. Rather than interpret countervailing events as mere ‘delays’ in this inevitable process, the contributors to this book interrogate where these events came from, which causes can be uncovered and how much influence individual actors had in this process. What emerges is a story of contested interests seeking cooperation through institutions and social practices that were flexible enough to stabilise a system that was hierarchical yet mutually beneficial for multiple social groups. By examining the Visigothic settlement, the interplay between central and local power, the use of ethnic identity, projections of authority, and the role of the Church, this book articulates a model for understanding the formation of a large and important early medieval kingdom.

The Tunis Crusade was a fierce war between Christians and Muslims. It brought devastation, disease, and death to many. It was also a negotiation: over money, certainly, but over identity and belonging, too. Out of this potent mix something unexpected emerged: not chaos, not disorder, but new contacts, new relationships, and new alliances, many of them built on a mutual recognition of difference. This chapter argues that the Tunis Crusade was not an unheralded irruption into a Mediterranean world of religious pluralism, many kinds of diversity, and flexible allegiances. It fitted comfortably into that diverse environment and actually helped to produce some of its characteristic cultural expressions. Religious conflict and cultural unity should not be seen as hallmarks of two irreconcilable visions of the medieval Mediterranean world. Both were present in the age of the last European crusader king, coexisting in a dynamic, historically contingent relationship.

The Harlem Children’s Zone® (HCZ) and the Brazelton Touchpoints Center engaged in ‘collaborative consultation’ to co-create early childhood and parent support programming. This collaboration is the story of a community coming together to reclaim and reconstruct environments for raising children and to connect adult caregivers to support each other in that process. A relational, developmental, strengths-based, and culturally grounded approach was employed to build mutual respect, trust, and understanding over time in authentic relationships required for shared learning, and for programme development and improvement. The inherent and culturally rooted strengths and resources of parents, and other family and community members mutually reinforced each other as contexts and conditions were created in which these caregivers could come together to activate their community’s collective problem-solving capacity, to share their dreams for their children, and to provide emotional support and concrete resources for each other.

Lepore and Stone (2015) focus on two theoretically useful notions of meaning: conventional meaning and speaker meaning. For Lepore and Stone (2015, ch.14), the former consists of our mutual expectations about how language is used—conventions—to make ideas public. The latter consists in ideas that are made public by virtue of the speaker’s basic intentions in speaking (Lepore and Stone 2015, ch.13). This essay argues that there is a third, more basic notion of meaning I call significance. The significance of an utterance is not reducible to the content it makes mutual, because it is partly based on the private commitments speakers have when they make utterances and the private commitments hearers form on the basis of utterances. More specifically, significance is the private speaker commitments and hearer effects, which explain why utterances of a given type are reproduced in a population of agents (Millikan 2005). This leads to an approach that differs from Lepore and Stone (2015) in the treatment of non-conventional interpretive effects, speech acts, and deception.

AbstractThe British Empire has become a new trope in neo-Victorian studies, incorporating a postcolonial trans-national approach to the re-writing of the Victorian past. Kate Grenville’s novel The Secret River is set in Australia in the early nineteenth century when issues of transportation and colonisation coalesce with the fight for survival under precarious conditions. The Secret River is the story of the confrontation between colonisers and colonised people in terms of gender and vulnerability. This chapter analyses the role of Empire in the construction of a British identity associated with civilisation and that of the native population. Following Judith Butler’s theories, my discussion is organised around two main topics: Australian history and narratives of recollection, and gender identity and vulnerability both in white settlers and indigenous communities. My contention is that both sides became involved in a relationship of mutual vulnerability.

Abstract This chapter investigates different ways in which the film techniques of digitally mediated images—such as found footage, diegetic camera, and computer screen—achieve story truthfulness and affective engagement in the viewer’s narrative interpretation process. The pursuit of truthful storytelling is to demonstrate objective facts, while mediated images in film are predominantly subjective. The chapter starts by reviewing the perennial paradox of two seemingly mutually exclusive narrative functions and then tackles the paradox by proposing a multi-leveled framework, synthesizing semiotic conceptualization and cognitive research findings. It also analyzes the various forms of digital mediated images in films over the last two decades and sheds light on how the functions of truthfulness and affective engagement can be closely intertwined rather than in conflict.

AbstractThe white and brown adipose tissues are organized to form a true organ. They have a different anatomy and perform different functions, but they collaborate thanks to their ability to convert mutually and reversibly following physiological stimuli. This implies a new fundamental property for mature cells, which would be able to reversibly reprogram their genome under physiological conditions. The subcutaneous mammary gland provides another example of their plasticity. Here fat cells are reversibly transformed into glands during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The obese adipose organ is inflamed because hypertrophic fat cells, typical of this condition, die and their cellular residues must be reabsorbed by macrophages. The molecules produced by these cells during their reabsorption work interfere with the insulin receptor, and this induces insulin resistance, which ultimately causes type 2 diabetes. The adipose organ collaborates with those of digestion. Both produce hormones that can influence the nutritional behavior of individuals. They produce molecules that mutually influence functional activities including thermogenesis, which contributes to the interruption of the meal. The nutrients are absorbed by the intestine, stored in the adipose organ, and distributed by them to the whole body between meals. Distribution includes offspring during breastfeeding. The system as a whole is therefore called the nutritional system.

Abstract Computers store numbers in two mutually incompatible ways: little-endian or big-endian. They differ in the order of bytes within representation of numbers. This ordering is called endianness. When two computer systems, programs or devices communicate, they must agree on which endianness to use, in order to avoid misinterpretation of numeric data values. We present Endicheck, a dynamic analysis tool for detecting endianness bugs, which is based on the popular Valgrind framework. It helps developers to find those code locations in their program where they forgot to swap bytes properly. Endicheck requires less source code annotations than existing tools, such as Sparse used by Linux kernel developers, and it can also detect potential bugs that would only manifest if the given program was run on computer with an opposite endianness. Our approach has been evaluated and validated on the Radeon SI Linux OpenGL driver, which is known to contain endianness-related bugs, and on several open-source programs. Results of experiments show that Endicheck can successfully identify many endianness-related bugs and provide useful diagnostic messages together with the source code locations of respective bugs.

AbstractToday, the amount of data produced and stored in computing Internet of Things (IoT) devices is growing. Massive volumes of sensitive information are exchanged between these devices making it critical to ensure the security of these data. Cryptography is a widely used method for ensuring data security. Many lightweight cryptographic algorithms have been developed to address the limitations of resources on the IoT devices. Such devices have limited processing capabilities in terms of memory, processing power, storage, etc. The primary goal of exploiting cryptographic technique is to send data from the sender to the receiver in the most secure way to prevent eavesdropping of the content of the original data. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end security scheme for IoT system. The proposed scheme consists of (i) a secure and efficient mutual authentication scheme based on the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and the Quark lightweight hash design, and (ii) a secure end-to-end communication based on Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and ECC. DNA Cryptography is the cryptographic technique to encrypt and decrypt the original data using DNA sequences based on its biological processes. It is a novel technique to hide data from unauthorized access with the help of DNA. The security analysis of the proposed scheme reveals that it is secure against the relevant threat models and provides a higher security level than the existing related work in the literature.

In Adult Art, a short story by Allan Gurganus, a closeted gay Superintendent of Schools-who has what he calls an added tenderness-bonds with Barker, a shy newcomer in town, over their mutual love of the Adult Art Film and Book store. The evening unfolds as they watch an adult film together in Barker's house, stirring up old memories, imaginings of the future, and secret intimacy.

Abstract An advanced recurrent Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was developed and used to model and analyze the frontal impact of two different vehicles. The main factors affecting the vehicle response — in case of frontal impacts — are the impact velocity and the structural characteristics of the vehicle. Each vehicle was represented by a corresponding ANN, and the mutual interaction between the two vehicles during the impact was considered in the ANN input. An adaptive learning technique was used to correct both the connections’ weights and the steepness factor of the neurons’ continuous activation functions to reduce the computation time during the supervised learning phase. Nonlinear finite element (FE) simulations were performed for two different vehicle models in frontal impact scenarios using different impact velocities. The results obtained by the FE simulations were used in training and testing the proposed ANN model. The passenger compartment acceleration of the vehicle during the first 100 ms of the impact event was the main criteria considered in the crash analysis. The performance of the proposed ANN configuration was very good in both training and testing phases. The proposed technique explained the ability of the adapted ANNs to store the nonlinear structural characteristics of the two vehicles after a successful training phase. These two networks were then used together to predict a new different impact scenario. The predicted velocity and acceleration curves for the new impact scenario correlated well with the corresponding curves obtained from the FE simulation. The current technique was applied only for frontal impact scenario, however, further research will be considered to extend the methodology to be applicable for both offset and oblique impact scenarios.

The Federal Railroad Administration has embarked on a pilot project to demonstrate the feasibility of using and linking defect detector systems for rail vehicles across North America. The goal of this project is to develop a national database that will enable the railroad industry to engage in predictive maintenance. These detectors measure equipment performance parameters such as the forces between the wheel and rails. The Integrated Railway Remote Information Service or InteRRIS™, an Internet-based system designed and developed by Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), was used to aggregate, interrogate, and store data from field-deployed detector systems. TTCI is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Association of American Railroads (AAR). A key task of this program was the determination and implementation of appropriate access to a National Rail Corridor Vehicle Performance Database (VPD). The VPD can draw performance-based data from InteRRIS™ for the FRA and the railroads responsible for the safe operation of cars and locomotives as needed to enable effective performance-based safety monitoring. The VPD has been populated with data from a number of Truck Performance Detectors (TPD) and Wheel Impact Load Detectors (WILD™) in order to capture representative and geographically diverse traffic from freight, mixed freight/commuter/passenger lines, and hazardous materials lines. Both the AAR and FRA have a mutual interest in promoting the implementation of performance-based maintenance. It is hoped that this detector network and associated national database reduces the need for visual inspections on cars and locomotives, thereby focusing more efforts on preventive action and making repairs. This could greatly enhance the efficiency with which railroads make critical repairs in a timely manner. Such tools, with detector data in a central database, should they prove feasible, could eventually lead to the development of performance-based inspection standards.

Mobile Spatial coordinate Measuring System (MScMS) is a wireless-sensor-network based system developed at the Industrial Metrology and Quality Engineering Laboratory of DISPEA – Politecnico di Torino. It has been designed to perform simple and rapid indoor dimensional measurements of medium-large size objects (large scale metrology). It is made up of three basic parts: a “constellation” of wireless devices (Crickets), a mobile probe, and a PC to store and elaborate data. Crickets and mobile probe use ultrasound (US) transceivers in order to evaluate mutual distances. Each US device has a communication range limited by a cone of transmission within a nominal opening angle of about 170° and a maximum distance of no more than 8 m. The mobile probe location in the working volume is obtained by a trilateration, consequently it should communicate with at least 4 constellation devices at once. The system makes it possible to calculate the position — in terms of spatial coordinates — of the object points “touched” by the probe. Acquired data are then available for different types of elaboration (determination of distances, curves or surfaces of measured objects). During the system set-up, the constellation Crickets (beacons) are manually placed in the working volume (we define this operation as “positioning”). After that, their coordinates are determined as much precisely as possible (this operation is said “location”). The positioning of constellation devices is one of the most critical aspects in the system set-up. In principle, Crickets can be arranged without restrictions all around the measured object. However, the number and position of network devices are strongly related to the dimensions and shape of both the measuring volume and the measured object. The accuracy in the location of constellation devices is fundamental for the accuracy of the coordinates of the touched points during measurement operation. It is important to assure a full coverage of the space served by network devices by a proper alignment of US transmitters. For that reason, an ad hoc software “pre-processor” has been developed in order to help the operator in positioning and locating constellation devices in the working volume, according to the measuring space and the measured object dimensional characteristics. The aim of the paper is to introduce and describe this computer-assisted approach. Some preliminary results of experimental tests carried out on the system prototype are also presented and discussed.

A guided fantasy is a drama technique used to awaken different types of associative experiences in children, thereby encouraging them to visualize the story. Through open-ended questions, the preschool teacher encourages the children to imagine details, which they later describe. The paper uses a descriptive method and content analysis technique. It aims to analyze the examples of guided fantasies and children’s creative storytelling with the purpose of developing a real program in kindergarten. The research tasks include: presenting the guided fantasies of the participants in the research; presenting mutual stories as a product of guided fantasy; conducting a syntactic analysis of mutual stories.

Rural architecture in Puglia (south of Italy) is characterized by the mutual relationship between buildings and environment, typical of the spontaneous architecture of the Mediterranean basin. In fact, traditional rural buildings are an example of sustainable development, and their construction features respond to three fundamental issues: climate, building materials and morphology of the territory. Currently, the state of abandonment of the rural areas and the lack of awareness of their heritage have brought about irreparable degradation, followed by interventions incompatible with the identity of the territory. Through the conservation and recovery of sociocultural and environmental identity and the protection of biodiversity, the Puglia Region aims to protect and enhance the architectural and landscape heritage in a sustainable way with the implementation of a regional landscape plan. This study focuses on the small town of Ostuni (Brindisi), in the Apulian area of Murgia dei Trulli, known for its typical dry stone constructions. The different architectural typologies are examined and described, listing the intrinsic bioclimatic peculiarities of their components and specifying the different bioecological actions suitable for any kind of intervention: restoration, recovery, reuse, or even ordinary and extraordinary maintenance. The aim of the project is to develop guidelines for the sustainable recovery of different types of rural buildings in order to suggest minimally invasive technological systems, oriented to the use of renewable energy sources and the maintenance of traditional elements. The proposals aims to respect green building principles, using locally sourced bio-sustainable materials and finishes belonging to the local construction tradition. But also, merging traditional construction techniques with modern technologies and following the principle of "minimum impact" on the existing constructions.

Not all tools or normative practices at the hands of architects and designers may align with the call for architectural commoning. Yet, design thinking and skill contributions to building more sustainable, resilient, and equitable communities are conceivable on all levels and scales. One such approach aligns with what is theoretically known as the “mutual aid.” Activist and law professor Dean Spade in his 2022 book Mutual Aid: Building Solidarity During This Crisis (and the Next) defines the concept as the survival work done in conjunction with social movements. Mutual aid is a framework for demanding transformative change, for radically redistributing care and wellbeing, and to ultimately “heal ourselves and the world.”1 Through a mutual aid outlook, even though with small design acts, architectural contributions to regenerative and redistributive commons- based economies are foreseeable, by putting design to work and the heart where the needs are. Mutual aid in action is the story behind the journey of Springfield’s first Community Fridge. It all began with an electronic message circulated during a peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021, sharing voices of two city residents who had raised the need for neighborhood fridges due to rising food costs and local food insecurities. The Community Fridge movement has started globally as a grassroots effort to combat food insecurity and food waste. When installed in accessible locations, they are proven to act as vital and identifiable resources for community members to pick up free fresh food and for patrons to donate excess food. Springfield’s Community Fridge project born with the spark from residents Chelsy Cole and Mal Bailey grew in partnership with local Citizen Architect Kate Stockton and myself. The initiative has since gained momentum in the months and year following, and attained resourceful new partnerships such as Drury AIAS Freedom by Design, the West Central Neighborhood Alliance and Urban Roots Farm business as hosts, Better Block SGF through its WeCreate 2022 design competition focus, and the Discovery Center of Springfield to be offering fresh produce donations from its aeroponics vertical gardens. The first neighborhood hosting the first fridge today has high need for food resources where neighbors will definitely benefit from the project. According to City data, 16.9% of county households are food insecure, an issue highly prevalent in West Central that is amongst poorest neighborhoods. Most recent data indicated 80% of residents as renters, 41.8% individuals and 30.8% families below poverty rates, with 14% unemployment rates and a median income as low as $19,731. Thanks to the collective efforts, unscripted impetus of the mutual aid groups and individuals involved, and funding through donations and grants, the fridge will be on its way in the built stage set for competition by the end of 2022.

An estimated 42 percent of homes in Costa Rica are in need of repair, expansion, or some other improvement, and nearly a quarter ofthose deficient dwellings are so dilapidated as to represent an immediate danger to those who live in them. The poorer the family, the more serious the problem: an estimated 83 percent of deficient housing is occupied by families living at the base of the pyramid (BOP). Although there is demand for home improvement loans, nearly 40 percent of the BOP is completely excluded from the formal financial system because loan rates, amounts, and terms are not tailored to their needs and because banks doubt their repayment capacity. Mutual Cartago de Ahorro y Préstamo (Mucap) is a Costa Rican non-profit financial institution founded in 1970 that promotes savings and national and foreign investment to solve the country¿s housing deficit. Mucap takes its services directly to clients through a network of 23 agencies nationwide and 13 credit stands in stores such as Walmart, Maxi Pali, and Maxi Bodega.