Academic literature on the topic 'MUTANT SCORE'
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Journal articles on the topic "MUTANT SCORE"
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Xie, Yuancai, Yingmei Li, Linfeng Dong, Shifu Chen, and Jixian Liu. "A differential analysis of TCR repertoire between patients with EGFR-mutant and KRAS-mutant non–small-cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e21012-e21012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e21012.
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e21012 Background: T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire could partially represent tumor micro-environment. EGFR and KRAS are common driver genes mutated and often mutually exclusive in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There’s a hypothesis that the immune system responds differently according to different mutations. Here we investigated the TCR features, including diversity, clonality, evenness and sequence similarity in EGFR and KRAS mutated NSCLC patients, to better understand the immune response in carcinogenesis. Methods: A total of 71 EGFR-mutant and 31 KRAS-mutant NSCLC tissue samples underwent multiplex PCR based TCR-β sequencing. TCR-β cdr3 amino acid sequences were obtained from the sequencing data using MiXCR and VDJtools. To compare TCR repertoires in EGFR-mutant and KRAS-mutant groups, each assemble CDR3 amino acid sequence was taken as a word, and each repertoire was taken as a document. Each repertoire was compared with every other one as a sample pair. TF-IDF (term frequency-inverse document frequency) document vectors was built for each sample and cosine similarity scores were computed for sample pairs. Results: The total cosine similarity score within EGFR-mutant group is 11.07 and average cosine similarity score is 0.0044±0.01, while in the KRAS-group, the total cosine similarity score is 13.41 and average cosine similarity score is 0.029±0.04. Between these two groups, the total cosine similarity score is 8.76 and average cosine similarity score is 0.0019±0.0009. See table for summary. The intergroup similarity score is significantly less than that within each group respectively (p < 1E10). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the TCR repertoire was clearly associated with cancer mutational profile. The mechanism of how mutations affect the immune system and shape the TCR repertoire is yet to be investigated. [Table: see text]
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Sugave, Shounak Rushikesh, Yogesh R. Kulkarni, and Balaso. "Multi-Objective Optimization Model and Hierarchical Attention Networks for Mutation Testing." International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research 14, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsir.319714.
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Mutation testing is devised for measuring test suite adequacy by identifying the artificially induced faults in software. This paper presents a novel approach by considering multiobjectives-based optimization. Here, the optimal test suite generation is performed using the proposed water cycle water wave optimization (WCWWO). The best test suites are generated by satisfying the multi-objective factors, such as time of execution, test suite size, mutant score, and mutant reduction rate. The WCWWO is devised by a combination of the water cycle algorithm (WCA) and water wave optimization (WWO). The hierarchical attention network (HAN) is used for classifying the equivalent mutants by utilizing the MutPy tool. Furthermore, the performance of the developed WCWWO+HAN is evaluated in terms of three metrics—mutant score (MS), mutant reduction rate (MRR), and fitness—with the maximal MS of 0.585, higher MRR of 0.397, and maximum fitness of 0.652.
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Karsy, Michael, Jian Guan, and L. Eric Huang. "Prognostic role of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in isocitrate dehydrogenase–mutant glioma." Journal of Neurosurgery 130, no. 1 (March 2018): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.9.jns172036.
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OBJECTIVEGliomas are one of the most common types of primary brain tumors. Recent studies have supported the importance of key genetic alterations, including isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and 1p19q codeletion, in glioma prognosis. Mutant IDH produces 2-hydroxyglutarate from α-ketoglutarate, a key metabolite of the Krebs cycle. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is composed of MPC1 and MPC2 subunits and is functionally essential for the Krebs cycle. The authors sought to explore the impact of MPC1 and MPC2 expression on patient prognosis.METHODSGenomic and clinical data in patients with lower-grade glioma (WHO grades II and III) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and hazards modeling. Validation was conducted with additional data sets, including glioblastoma.RESULTSA total of 286 patients with lower-grade glioma (mean age 42.7 ± 13.5 years, 55.6% males) included 54 cases of IDH–wild type (18.9%); 140 cases of IDH-mutant, 1p19q-intact (49.0%); and 85 cases of IDH-mutant, 1p19q-codeleted (29.7%) tumors. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that an MPC1 z-score > 0 distinguished better survival, particularly in IDH-mutant (p < 0.01) but not IDH–wild type tumors. Conversely, an MPC2 z-score > 0 identified worsened survival, particularly in IDH-mutant (p < 0.01) but not IDH–wild type tumors. Consistently, neither MPC1 nor MPC2 was predictive in a glioblastoma data set containing 5% IDH-mutant cases. Within the IDH-stratified lower-grade glioma data set, MPC1 status distinguished improved survival in 1p19q-codeleted tumors (p < 0.05), whereas MPC2 expression delineated worsened survival in 1p19q-intact tumors (p < 0.01). A hazards model identified IDH and 1p19q status, age (p = 0.01, HR = 1.03), Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score (p = 0.03, HR = 0.97), and MPC1 (p = 0.003, HR = 0.52) but not MPC2 (p = 0.38) as key variables affecting overall survival. Further validation confirmed MPC1 as an independent predictor of lower-grade glioma. A clinical risk score using IDH and 1p19q status, age, KPS score, and MPC1 and MPC2 z-scores defined 4 risk categories for lower-grade glioma; this score was validated using a secondary glioma data set.CONCLUSIONSThese results support the importance of MPC, especially MPC1, in improving prognostication of IDH-mutant tumors. The generation of a risk score system directly translates this finding to clinical application; however, further research to improve the molecular understanding of the role of MPC in the metabologenomic regulation of gliomas is warranted.
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Almahasheer, Arwa Ali, Amal Mahmoud, Hesham El-Komy, Amany I. Alqosaibi, Sultan Aktar, Sayed AbdulAzeez, and J. Francis Borgio. "Novel Feather Degrading Keratinases from Bacillus cereus Group: Biochemical, Genetic and Bioinformatics Analysis." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010093.
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In this study, five keratinolytic bacteria were isolated from poultry farm waste of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. The highest keratinase activity was obtained at 40–45 °C, pH 8–9, feather concentration 0.5–1%, and using white chicken feather as keratin substrate for 72 h. Enhancement of keratinase activity through physical mutagen UV radiation and/or chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) resulted in five mutants with 1.51–3.73-fold increased activity over the wild type. When compared with the wild type, scanning electron microscopy validated the mutants’ effectiveness in feather degradation. Bacterial isolates are classified as members of the S8 family peptidase Bacillus cereus group based on sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and keratinase genes. Interestingly, keratinase KerS gene shared 95.5–100% identity to keratinase, thermitase alkaline serine protease, and thermophilic serine protease of the B. cereus group. D137N substitution was observed in the keratinase KerS gene of the mutant strain S13 (KerS13uv+ems), and also seven substitution variations in KerS26 and KerS26uv of strain S26 and its mutant S26uv. Functional analysis revealed that the subtilisin-like serine protease domain containing the Asp/His/Ser catalytic triad of KerS gene was not affected by the predicted substitutions. Prediction of physicochemical properties of KerS gene showed instability index between 17.5–19.3 and aliphatic index between 74.7–75.7, which imply keratinase stability and significant thermostability. The docking studies revealed the impact of substitutions on the superimposed structure and an increase in binding of mutant D137N of KerS13uv+ems (affinity: −7.17; S score: −6.54 kcal/mol) and seven mutants of KerS26uv (affinity: −7.43; S score: −7.17 kcal/mol) compared to the wild predicted structure (affinity: −6.57; S score: −6.68 kcal/mol). Together, the keratinolytic activity, similarity to thermostable keratinases, and binding affinity suggest that keratinases KerS13uv+ems and KerS26uv could be used for feather processing in the industry.
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Yu, Guangyang, Ying Pang, Mythili Merchant, Chimene Kesserwan, Vineela Gangalapudi, Abdalla Abdelmaksoud, Alice Ranjan, et al. "Tumor Mutation Burden, Expressed Neoantigens and the Immune Microenvironment in Diffuse Gliomas." Cancers 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 6092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236092.
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Background: A consistent correlation between tumor mutation burden (TMB) and tumor immune microenvironment has not been observed in gliomas as in other cancers. Methods: Driver germline and somatic mutations, TMB, neoantigen, and immune cell signatures were analyzed using whole exome sequencing (WES) and transcriptome sequencing of tumor and WES of matched germline DNA in a cohort of 66 glioma samples (44 IDH-mutant and 22 IDH-wildtype). Results: Fourteen samples revealed a hypermutator phenotype (HMP). Eight pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) germline variants were detected in 9 (19%) patients. Six of these 8 genes were DNA damage repair genes. P/LP germline variants were found in 22% of IDH-mutant gliomas and 12.5% of IDH-wildtype gliomas (p = 0.7). TMB was correlated with expressed neoantigen but showed an inverse correlation with immune score (R = −0.46, p = 0.03) in IDH-wildtype tumors and no correlation in IDH-mutant tumors. The Antigen Processing and Presentation (APP) score correlated with immune score and was surprisingly higher in NHMP versus HMP samples in IDH-wildtype gliomas, but higher in HMP versus NHMP in IDH-mutant gliomas. Conclusion: TMB was inversely correlated with immune score in IDH-wildtype gliomas and showed no correlation in IDH-mutant tumors. APP was correlated with immune score and may be further investigated as a biomarker for response to immunotherapy in gliomas. Studies of germline variants in a larger glioma cohort are warranted.
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Guimarães-Souza, Nadia Karina, Liliya Marsovna Yamaleyeva, Baisong Lu, Ana Claudia Mallet de Souza Ramos, Colin Edward Bishop, and Karl Erik Andersson. "Superoxide overproduction and kidney fibrosis: a new animal model." Einstein (São Paulo) 13, no. 1 (March 2015): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3179.
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Objective To establish whether the mutation in the Immp2L gene induces renal fibrosis and whether aging exacerbates renal morphology in mice. Methods Female mutant mice with mutation in the inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase 2-like protein at 3 and 18 months of age were used. Renal fibrosis was analyzed using classic fibrosis score, Masson’s trichrome staining, and analysis of profibrotic markers using real time polymerase chain reaction (superoxide dismutase 1, metalloproteinase-9, erythropoietin, transforming growth factor beta), and immunostaining (fibroblasts and Type IV collagen). Oxidative stress markers were determined by immunohistochemistry. The number of renal apoptotic cells was determined. Renal function was estimated by serum creatinine. Results Young mutant mice had significantly more glomerulosclerosis than age-matched mice (p=0.034). Mutant mice had more tubular casts (p=0.025), collagen deposition (p=0.019), and collagen type IV expression (p<0.001). Superoxide dismutase 1 expression was significantly higher in young mutants (p=0.038). Old mutants exhibited significantly higher expression of the fibroblast marker and macrophage marker (p=0.007 and p=0.012, respectively). The real time polymerase chain reaction of metalloproteinase-9 and erythropoietin were enhanced 2.5- and 6-fold, respectively, in old mutants. Serum creatinine was significantly higher in old mutants (p<0.001). Conclusion This mutation altered renal architecture by increasing the deposition of extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, and inflammation, suggesting a protective role of Immp2L against renal fibrosis.
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Yeatman, Timothy Joseph, Mingli Yang, Michael J. Schell, Andrey Loboda, Michael Nebozhyn, Jiannong Li, Jamie K. Teer, Caio Max S. Rocha Lima, and Jack Pledger. "Identification of mutation biomarkers underpinning colon cancer sidedness and cetuximab sensitivity." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2018): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.4_suppl.629.
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629 Background: Currently, extended RAS testing ( KRAS/ NRAS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients identifies only non-responders to EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) therapies, and accurate prediction of drug-sensitive subpopulations remains problematic in patients, even with wild-type RAS. Moreover, the molecular basis for the laterality of anti-EGFR sensitivity is poorly understood. Methods: 468 CRCs were analyzed by global gene expression analysis, DNA sequencing (1321 cancer related genes) and MSI analysis. Tumors were stratified by a validated gene expression cetuximab sensitivity (CTX-S) score, and then correlated with identified high frequency mutations, resulting in a ranking of CTX-S score-associated mutated genes (see Table). Results: Ranking analysis revealed MSI-H status and KRAS mutation as the most negatively-correlated among all patients and MSS patients, respectively. Conversely, APC and TP53 were the most highly positively-correlated mutant genes in both all patient- and MSS-cases. Deeper analysis revealed that the combination of mutant APC + TP53 ( A + P) was more common in left vs. right CRCs (52% vs 21%), and even more pronounced in MSS vs MSI cases (47% vs 2%). CTX-S scores were highest in mutant A + P patients with WT RAS, but surprisingly, were nearly as high in mutant A + P patients with mutant RAS. CRC PDX models validated these results with a favorable CR/PR/SD vs PD association. Conclusions: Here we report the discovery of a cooperative role of APC and TP53 mutations in identifying EGFRi-sensitive CRC subpopulations. Our data suggest that addition of the routine sequencing of APC and TP53 to extended RAS testing may expand the EGFRi therapeutic opportunity (by up to 25%), regardless of RAS mutation status. [Table: see text]
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He, Qiong, Yamin Li, Xihong Zhou, Wen Zhou, Chunfang Xia, Ruzhe Zhang, Zhengjie Zhang, Aiyang Hu, Siyin Peng, and Jing Li. "The combination of fibrinogen concentrations and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with EGFR-TKIs." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 4 (April 2021): 030006052110040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211004021.
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ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify a predictive marker of response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsA cohort of 190 patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the optimal cutoffs for fibrinogen levels, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for predicting progression-free survival (PFS). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify factors correlated with PFS and overall survival (OS).ResultsHigh NLR was associated with worse performance status. In univariate analysis, fibrinogen levels, NLR, and PLR were correlated with OS and PFS. In multivariate analysis, all three variables remained predictive of OS, whereas only fibrinogen levels and PLR were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Furthermore, the combination of fibrinogen levels and PLR (F-PLR score) could stratify patients into three groups with significantly different prognoses, and the score was independently predictive of survival.ConclusionThe F-PLR score predicted the prognosis of patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received EGFR-TKIs, and this score may serve as a convenient blood-based marker for identifying high-risk patients.
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Boucai, Laura, Venkatraman Seshan, Michelle Williams, Jeffrey A. Knauf, Mahesh Saqcena, Ronald A. Ghossein, and James A. Fagin. "Characterization of Subtypes of BRAF-Mutant Papillary Thyroid Cancer Defined by Their Thyroid Differentiation Score." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 107, no. 4 (November 23, 2021): 1030–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab851.
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Abstract Context The BRAFV600E mutation has been associated with more advanced clinical stage in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and decreased responsiveness to radioiodine (RAI). However, some BRAF mutant PTCs respond to RAI and have an indolent clinical behavior suggesting the presence of different subtypes of BRAF mutant tumors with distinct prognosis. Objective To characterize the molecular and clinical features of 2 subtypes of BRAF-mutant PTCs defined by their degree of expression of iodine metabolism genes. Design 227 BRAF-mutant PTCs from the Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Cancer study were divided into 2 subgroups based on their thyroid differentiation score (TDS): BRAF-TDShi and BRAF-TDSlo. Demographic, clinico-pathological, and molecular characteristics of the 2 subgroups were compared. Results Compared to BRAF-TDShi tumors (17%), BRAF-TDSlo tumors (83%) were more frequent in blacks and Hispanics (6% vs 0%, P = 0.035 and 12% vs 0%, P = 0.05, respectively), they were larger (2.95 ± 1.7 vs 2.03 ± 1.5, P = 0.002), with more tumor-involved lymph nodes (3.9 ± 5.8 vs 2.0 ± 4.2, P = 0.042), and a higher frequency of distant metastases (3% vs 0%, P = 0.043). Gene set enrichment analysis showed positive enrichment for RAS signatures in the BRAF-TDShi cohort, with corresponding reciprocal changes in the BRAF-TDSlo group. Several microRNAs (miRs) targeting nodes in the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-SMAD pathway, miR-204, miR-205, and miR-144, were overexpressed in the BRAF-TDShi group. In the subset with follow-up data, BRAF-TDShi tumors had higher complete responses to therapy (94% vs 57%, P < 0.01) than BRAF-TDSlo tumors. Conclusion Enrichment for RAS signatures, key genes involved in cell polarity and specific miRs targeting the TGFβ-SMAD pathway define 2 subtypes of BRAF-mutant PTCs with distinct clinical characteristics and prognosis.
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Hannaway, Nicola, Stefania Kassaris, Janine Marie Davies, Alannah Smrke, Anna Tinker, and Yvette Drew. "Using chemotherapy response by KELIM score to predict response to first line maintenance PARP inhibitor therapy in non-BRCA mutant/homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) unknown high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e17547-e17547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e17547.
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e17547 Background: Maintenance PARP inhibitor therapy after response to first line chemotherapy is now standard of care in advanced HGSOC. Niraparib is available to all patients based on the PRIMA trial data; however, the progression free survival (PFS) benefit for patients without BRCA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is limited. Funded HRD testing is not accessible in many countries. Patient selection for PARPi therapy in non-BRCA mutant HGSOC is challenging. The calculated CA-125 ELIMination of Rate Constant K (KELIM) score is a mathematical model developed to evaluate CA-125 kinetics during chemotherapy. KELIM has been shown to correlate with chemosensitivity, with scores ≥1 associated with better clinical outcomes. This project aims to use real-world patient data to assess if surrogate markers, such as KELIM score and/or pathological chemotherapy response score, can predict response to 1st line maintenance PARPi in the absence of funded HRD testing. Methods: A retrospective review of non-BRCA mutant HGSOC cases on first line maintenance PARPi therapy at BC Cancer, Canada between April 2020 and June 2022. Only cases confirmed to be non-BRCA mutant (by both germline and tumour testing) were included in the study. Data collection was through electronic medical records and included patient demographics, chemotherapy intent (neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant), pathological (p) chemotherapy response score (CRS), progression-free survival (PFS) defined as start of niraparib to radiological evidence of disease progression. PFS analysis was performed in all patients provided 1 full cycle had been completed. The rate of not progressing at 12 months (PFS12) was calculated. KELIM score was calculated from at least 3 CA125 values taken within 100 days from the chemotherapy start date and using a validated calculation software. Results: 70 patients met the full eligibility criteria for analysis. All patients received niraparib as PARPi therapy. Mean age was 67 years and 40 patients (57%) were ≥ 65 years. Most patients were FIGO stage 3C at presentation (56%). Median number of niraparib cycles was 10 (range 1-28). 35/70 patients (50%) had disease progression at time of data analysis with a median follow-up of 13.2 months. 59 patients had evaluable KELIM scores. pCRS was not associated with any statistically significant differences in PFS. Patients with KELIM scores ≥1 had a trend to greater PFS from niraparib vs. those with KELIM <1 with median PFS of 15 months vs. 8.3 months respectively ( p=0.06). PFS12 rate was higher at 64% with KELIM scores ≥1 vs. 43% with KELIM <1; ( p=0.18). Conclusions: We show that KELIM score could be a useful tool to predict PARP inhibitor response and aid clinical decision-making by oncologists and patients in the real world setting where HRD testing is unfunded.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MUTANT SCORE"
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YADAV, TRILOCAAN. "MINIMIZING AND OPTIMIZING THE SOLUTION SPACE OF TEST DATA." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18828.
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In the software development lifecycle (SDL), testing of software is the most stressful and exhausting operation which consumes lots of time. Every aspect of software is very hard to test. Consequently, in recent times some automatic data generation research methods were added to reduce the time expended during the software testing. And the solution space of the automated generated test data is very large. It is not easy to check all the test data which is generated because it is time consuming, forces to check whole solution space of automated generated test data. We present in this paper demonstrating the design framework, implementing it and discovering the tool 's capabilities to minimize the test data generated. Our concrete concepts on the test cases for the optimal set is based on the mutation function Specified by the user. The system was implemented in language C++. We introduce mutation function to calculate mutant score with value and path to the test cases generated to minimize the solution space for the tester.
Book chapters on the topic "MUTANT SCORE"
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Saif, Abdulwahid, Aref Al-Shamiri, and Abdulnour Shaher. "Development of new bread wheat resistant mutants for Ug99 rust disease (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici)." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 312–19. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0032.
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Abstract M3 derived mutants from two bread wheat varieties, namely, 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', were screened for resistance to the rust Ug99 at two locations in Njoro (Kenya) and in Tihama (Yemen). At Tihama, two mutants of 'Giza 186' (G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52) and four mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12, S-M2-2010-21-13, S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were seen to be resistant at both seedling and adult stages while their parents were resistant at seedling stage and susceptible at adult stage. In Kenya, the resistance score of the mutants was slightly different from those obtained at Tihama. The mutants G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52 were stable in their level of resistance recorded at Tihama, but only two mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were resistant at both growth stages. S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-21-13 were resistant at the seedling stage while susceptible at adult stage. Further selection on these mutants for yield potential, agronomic performance and yellow rust disease resistance, as well as on selected mutants of both 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', at M5-M6 stages identified superior mutant lines compared with the two parents 'Saha 93' and 'Giza 186'. These included the line Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40, which ranked first in yield (3768 kg/ha), followed by the lines Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19, Erra-010-GM2w-1-28-18 and Erra-010-SwM2-22-14-6. Moreover, it can be concluded that Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40 and Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19 are highly recommended for their resistance to stem and yellow rust diseases as well as for yield potential and preference by farmers. Therefore, efforts are in progress to increase their seeds for dissemination over a wide range of farmers and wheat areas where rust diseases are an epidemic, and for registration of the lines as improved mutant varieties.
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Singh, Sarvjeet, S. R. Sharma, R. K. Gill, and Shiv Kumar. "Induced variation for post-emergence herbicide tolerance in lentil." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 220–25. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0022.
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Abstract Lentil (Lens culinaris L. Medik.) is an important cool-season food legume but is a poor competitor to weeds because of a slow early growth rate. If weeds are left uncontrolled, they can reduce yield by up to 50%. Sensitivity of lentil to post-emergence herbicides warrants development of herbicide-tolerant cultivars. In the absence of natural variability, mutation breeding is a powerful tool to create variability for desired traits. Thus, 1000 seeds of a lentil genotype, LL1203, were exposed to gamma radiation (300 Gy, 60Co) with the objective to induce herbicide tolerance. Seeds of all 530 surviving M1 plants were harvested individually and divided in two parts to raise the M2 generation in two different plots. Each plot was sprayed with imazethapyr (75 g/ha) and metribuzin (250 g/ha) herbicides 50 days after sowing, using water at 375 l/ha. Data on herbicide tolerance for individual M2 plants were recorded after 14 days of herbicide spray on a 1-5 scale, where 1 = highly tolerant (plants free from chlorosis or wilting) and 5 = highly sensitive (leaves and tender branches completely burnt). For herbicide-tolerant M2 plants, data were also recorded for pod and yield per plant. None of the M2 plants showed a high level of tolerance to imazethapyr. However, 14 mutants having higher herbicide tolerance to metribuzin were selected. Two mutants ('LL1203-MM10', 'LL1203-MM7') recorded < 2.0 score, while six mutants recorded < 2.50 score as compared with the 3.13 score of the parent variety. The pods per plant and seed yield per plant of mutants 'LL1203-MM7' (383 and 12.4 g) and 'LL1203-MM10' (347 and 12.1 g) were higher than those of the parent genotype LL1203 (253 and 7.8 g). The study indicated that metribuzin-tolerant mutants have some other desirable traits that can be of use in lentil breeding.
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Noordin, Norazlina, Affrida Abu Hassan, Anis Nadia Mohd Faisol Mahadevan, Zaiton Ahmad, and Sakinah Ariffin. "Lab-Based Screening Using Hydroponic System for the Rapid Detection of Fusarium Wilt TR4 Tolerance/Resistance of Banana." In Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana, 79–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_6.
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AbstractField-based screening and evaluation of banana plant tolerance or resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) Tropical Race 4 (TR4) or also known as Fusarium wilt TR4 is ideal though not always feasible. Alternatively, screening of banana plantlets at lab-stage seems to be an effective method for early detection of Foc TR4 tolerance. We present a simple hydroponic system, that allows plant to grow in a water-based condition. The system has two layers, the upper layer is a tray that has holes for plantlets to be placed where the root system is supported using an inert medium such as rock-wool. The lower layer is a perforated container filled with a water-based nutrient solution. For this lab-based screening, ex vitro gamma irradiated banana cv. Berangan (AAA) rooted plantlets with a pseudostem height of 10–15 cm were inoculated by soaking in a Foc TR4 conidial suspension (106 spores/ml) for 2 h under room temperature. The Foc TR4 inoculated rooted plantlets were screened using the hydroponic system and disease symptoms were scored. In this chapter, protocols on acclimatization of ex vitro irradiated rooted plantlets, inoculation with a Foc TR4 conidial suspension, lab- screening using hydroponic system, observation for early detection of disease symptoms and scoring of disease severity are presented.
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Unissa, Ameeruddin Nusrath, and Luke Elizabeth Hanna. "Dissection of HIV-1 Protease Subtype B Inhibitors Resistance Through Molecular Modeling Approaches." In Big Data Analytics in HIV/AIDS Research, 149–70. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3203-3.ch007.
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Protease (PR) is an important enzyme required for the posttranslational processing of the viral gene products of type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Protease inhibitors (PI) act as competitive inhibitors that bind to the active site of PR. The I84V mutation contributes resistance to multiple PIs, and structurally, this mutation affects both sides of the enzyme active site. In order to get insights about this major resistance site to PR inhibitors using in silico approaches, in this chapter, the wild-type (WT) and mutant (MT) I84V of PR were modeled and docked with all PR inhibitors: Atazanavir, Darunavir, Indinavir, Lopinavir, Nelfinavir, Saquinavir, and Tipranavir. Docking results revealed that in comparison to the WT, the binding score was higher for the MT-I84V. Thus, it can be suggested that the high affinity towards inhibitors in the MT could be due to the presence of energetically favorable interactions, which may lead to tight binding of inhibitors with the MT protein, leading to the development of PR resistance against PIs in HIV-1 eventually.
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Faber, Anthony C. "Aims and Scope of the Volume." In Overcoming Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in EGFR Mutant NSCLC, xi. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822833-3.09986-1.
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Bonavida, Benjamin. "Aims and Scope for Series “Cancer Sensitizing Agents for Chemotherapy”." In Overcoming Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in EGFR Mutant NSCLC, vii. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822833-3.09987-3.
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Smith, Steven C. "A Jewish Aloha." In Music by Max Steiner, 365–79. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623272.003.0024.
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In 1953, at age 65, Steiner learned that Warner Bros. would not be renewing his contract. After 16 years as a staff composer, he was forced to freelance—an especially daunting challenge given his age and failing eyesight. This chapter focuses on the plight of a proud but increasingly debilitated man forced to reinvent himself, in an industry obsessed with youth and novelty. Still massively in debt, Steiner sought a fresh start in multiple ventures: his own publishing company (a flop) and another attempt at a hit song for a major film (The Caine Mutiny; Oscar nomination for score, but no hit record, alienating its makers). Fortunately, Jack Warner was willing to bring Steiner back to his studio on a per-film basis. The resulting scores belied Steiner’s age, culminating in his final screen masterwork: John Ford’s The Searchers.
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Carey, John. "The Good Soldier Švejk." In Sunday Best, 245–48. Yale University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300266689.003.0067.
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This chapter talks about Jaroslav Hašek, who joined the Austrian army, got himself captured by the Russians, became an ardent tsarist, and mutated into a commissar with the Red Army and editor of Red Europe. It mentions the policy of non-resistance that is adopted by Hašek's hero, Švejk, in The Good Soldier Svejk. Švejk's appointment as batman to a drunken and blasphemous regimental chaplain gives Hašek scope to satirise the Catholic church, which he detested almost as much as the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The chapter looks at gaps in the humour when Hašek shows true atrocities in his work, such his description of manacled peasants that march to parade grounds to be shot for mutiny during call-up. Though unfinished, Hašek's novel has been classed with the comic epics of Cervantes and Rabelais and is funnier and more fearful than either.
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Choudhry, Sujit. "Postcolonial Proportionality." In The Global South and Comparative Constitutional Law, 190–209. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850403.003.0008.
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In Johar, the Supreme Court unanimously struck down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), which criminalized same-sex relations. The idea of transformative constitutionalism figured centrally, as did a piece of the global template of rights-protection—proportionality. In Johar, the Indian Constitution was envisioned as a transformative document, in two senses: anti-colonial and cosmopolitan. It gave birth to a radically new constitutional order that conferred citizenship and political power on the previously disenfranchised living under the yoke of British imperial rule. The Indian Constitution was also a cosmopolitan constitution in its fidelity to the universal principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity. These two conceptions of transformative constitutionalism define the scope of admissible reasons for proportionality analysis. Section 377 of the Indian Penal was unconstitutional on the cosmopolitan ground that mere social morality was an insufficient reason to limit the right to engage in harmless, constitutionally protected activity, the basis on which courts around the world have struck down parallel provisions. I argue that Section 377 was also unconstitutional for the anti-colonial reason that it was an element of the Imperial constitutional order in British India in the period after the Indian Mutiny in 1857 of indirect colonial rule.
Conference papers on the topic "MUTANT SCORE"
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Masotti, Cibele, Filipe F. Santos, Anamaria A. Camargo, and Pedro A. F. Galante. "Abstract B65: Measuring intratumoral heterogeneity with a mutant-allele frequency score across distinct cancer types." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference held in cooperation with the Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) on Translational Cancer Medicine; May 4-6, 2017; São Paulo, Brazil. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.tcm17-b65.
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Ferreira, Matheus, Lincoln Costa, and Francisco Carlos Souza. "Search-based Test Data Generation for Mutation Testing: a tool for Python programs." In Escola Regional de Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eres.2020.13722.
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Test data generation for mutation testing consists of identifying a set of inputs that maximizes the number of mutants killed. Mutation Testing is an excellent test criterion for detecting faults and measuring the effectiveness of test data sets. However, it is not widely used in practice due to the cost and complexity to perform some activities as generating test data. Although test suites can be produced and selected manually by a tester this practice is susceptible to errors and tools are needed to facilitate it. Several tools have been developed to automate mutation testing, but, only a few address the test data generation. The present paper proposes an automated test data generation tool based on weak mutation for Python programming language using the Hill Climbing algorithm. For evaluation, we performed an experiment concerning the effectiveness and cost computational of the tool in a database composed of 348 mutants and we compare it with random generation. Overall, the experiment achieved an average mutation score of 86% for our proposed tool and random testing 64% on average.
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Hecht, David, Mars Cheung, and Gary B. Fogel. "Docking scores and QSAR using evolved neural networks for the Pan-inhibition of wild-type and mutant PfDHFR by cycloguanil derivatives." In 2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.4982957.
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Gruber, Joshua J., Anosheh Afghahi, Alyssa Hatton, Wyatt Gross, Jessica Foran, Alex McMillan, James M. Ford, and Melinda L. Telli. "Abstract PD10-12: Genomic analysis from the talazoparib beyond BRCA clinical trial: Homologous recombination (HR) deficiency scores, loss-of-heterozygosity and mutations in non-BRCA1/2 mutant tumors with other HR mutations." In Abstracts: 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; December 8-11, 2020; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-pd10-12.
Full textReports on the topic "MUTANT SCORE"
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Morrison, Mark, and Joshuah Miron. Molecular-Based Analysis of Cellulose Binding Proteins Involved with Adherence to Cellulose by Ruminococcus albus. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695844.bard.
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At the beginning of this project, it was clear that R. albus adhered tightly to cellulose and its efficient degradation of this polysaccharide was dependent on micromolar concentrations of phenylacetic acid (PAA) and phenylpropionic acid (PPA). The objectives for our research were: i) to identify how many different kinds of cellulose binding proteins are produced by Ruminococcus albus; ii) to isolate and clone the genes encoding some of these proteins from the same bacterium; iii) to determine where these various proteins were located and; iv) quantify the relative importance of these proteins in affecting the rate and extent to which the bacterium becomes attached to cellulose. BARD support has facilitated a number of breakthroughs relevant to our fundamental understanding of the adhesion process. First, R. albus possesses multiple mechanisms for adhesion to cellulose. The P.I.'s laboratory has discovered a novel cellulose-binding protein (CbpC) that belongs to the Pil-protein family, and in particular, the type 4 fimbrial proteins. We have also obtained genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrating that, in addition to CbpC-mediated adhesion, R. albus also produces a cellulosome-like complex for adhesion. These breakthroughs resulted from the isolation (in Israel and the US) of spontaneously arising mutants of R. albus strains SY3 and 8, which were completely or partially defective in adhesion to cellulose, respectively. While the SY3 mutant strain was incapable of growth with cellulose as the sole carbon source, the strain 8 mutants showed varying abilities to degrade and grow with cellulose. Biochemical and gene cloning experiments have been used in Israel and the US, respectively, to identify what are believed to be key components of a cellulosome. This combination of cellulose adhesion mechanisms has not been identified previously in any bacterium. Second, differential display, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DD RT-PCR) has been developed for use with R. albus. A major limitation to cellulose research has been the intractability of cellulolytic bacteria to genetic manipulation by techniques such as transposon mutagenesis and gene displacement. The P.I.'s successfully developed DD RT- PCR, which expanded the scope of our research beyond the original objectives of the project, and a subset of the transcripts conditionally expressed in response to PAA and PPA have been identified and characterized. Third, proteins immunochemically related to the CbpC protein of R. albus 8 are present in other R. albus strains and F. intestinalis, Western immunoblots have been used to examine additional strains of R. albus, as well as other cellulolytic bacteria of ruminant origin, for production of proteins immunochemically related to the CbpC protein. The results of these experiments showed that R. albus strains SY3, 7 and B199 all possess a protein of ~25 kDa which cross-reacts with polyclonal anti-CbpC antiserum. Several strains of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus flavefaciens strains C- 94 and FD-1, and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 produced no proteins that cross-react with the same antiserum. Surprisingly though, F. intestinalis strain DR7 does possess a protein(s) of relatively large molecular mass (~200 kDa) that was strongly cross-reactive with the anti- CbpC antiserum. Scientifically, our studies have helped expand the scope of our fundamental understanding of adhesion mechanisms in cellulose-degrading bacteria, and validated the use of RNA-based techniques to examine physiological responses in bacteria that are nor amenable to genetic manipulations. Because efficient fiber hydrolysis by many anaerobic bacteria requires both tight adhesion to substrate and a stable cellulosome, we believe our findings are also the first step in providing the resources needed to achieve our long-term goal of increasing fiber digestibility in animals.