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1
Treichler, F. Robert. "Testing musical ability." History of the Human Sciences 26, no. 5 (December 2013): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695113508121.
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Heaton, Pamela, Beate Hermelin, and Linda Pring. "Autism and Pitch Processing: A Precursor for Savant Musical Ability?" Music Perception 15, no. 3 (1998): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285769.
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Musically naive autistic children were compared with musically naive mental age-matched control subjects for their ability to identify and remember single-note frequencies or speech sounds. As an analogy to testing for absolute pitch, subjects were asked after two different time intervals to point out animal pictures previously paired with these stimuli. The results showed that although both groups identified and recalled speech sounds equally well, those with autism demonstrated a superior ability for single-note identification over both time intervals. The findings are discussed in terms of an enhanced capacity, characteristic of autistic persons, to process and retain isolated, context-independent elements of stimulus arrays.
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Herget, Ann-Kristin, Holger Schramm, and Priska Breves. "Development and testing of an instrument to determine Musical Fit in audio–visual advertising." Musicae Scientiae 22, no. 3 (October 5, 2017): 362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864917731127.
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Over the past three decades, several studies have explored the concept of Musical Fit in audio–visual advertising. However, a central problem is the inconsistency of the results derived from these studies. The current level of knowledge does not make it possible to safely predict whether and how Musical Fit influences recipients’ attention, brand and product recall, and positive attitudes toward commercials, including purchase intentions. One origin of this problem is the lack of a coherent definition and operationalization of Musical Fit. Therefore, this article describes the development of a transparent and applicable instrument to identify and determine Musical Fit in audio–visual advertising. Starting from music’s function of transporting and inducing emotions and its ability to communicate referential meaning, we designed a classification system for relating music to the three most important reference points of a commercial: the narration, the product, and/or the target group. Accordingly, Single, Double, and Perfect Musical Fit can be distinguished and classified into different types. To test whether the developed instrument is applicable in practice, we conducted a quantitative content analysis of 594 German TV commercials. After two pilot tests, the inter-coder reliability of two different coders improved to an average of .80, providing an indication of the instrument’s practicability. Surprisingly, the most common Musical Fit types were a Single Fit to Narration (50%), a matching largely unaddressed in studies to date, a Double Fit to Narration and Product (21%), and a Perfect Fit (15%), the type that is most difficult to create.
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Sarkar, Joyanta, and Anil Rai. "Music to My Ear: Will Be Able to Recognize the Musical Notes Better When Using Only the Left Ear?" Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Musica 66, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2021.1.14.
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"Tone deafness refers to a condition where a person is unable to distinguish between different musical notes. Afflicted persons are not able to recognize the difference when 2 different musical notes are played. This inability is not caused by a lack of musical knowledge or training but is instead caused by genetic inheritance or brain damage. Tone deafness is a disability that is shown in music only. People who are tone deaf do not have a problem in recognizing the different intonations in human speech. This disability is also associated with the inability to follow musical rhythms and recognize songs. In this paper, we propose the ability of participants to recognize and repeat the musical notes that they hear. Testing was done using only the left ear, only the right ear, and both ears. Keywords: Music, Tone Deaf, Genetic Inheritance, Intonation. "
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Burns, Phoebe A. "Testing the decline of the New Holland mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae) in Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 2 (2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19006.
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Many Australian rodent species have become extinct or undergone substantial range contractions since European invasion. Limited and haphazard survey efforts across much of Australia mean we are unsure of many species’ current and former ranges, hampering our ability to identify and remedy causes of decline. The New Holland Mouse (NHM; Pseudomys novaehollandiae) is an endangered rodent species native to south-east Australia that is suspected of undergoing rapid and dramatic range contractions and local extinctions in recent decades. Here, I reassess the species’ distribution across Victoria using extensive survey efforts and, subsequently, provide a summation of potential key threatening processes. In only 40 years, the NHM has been lost from seven of the 12 isolated areas where it once occurred in Victoria. Habitat loss and fragmentation, invasive predators, and potentially disease and genetic inbreeding have likely contributed to the species’ rapid and continuing decline. Conservation priorities include ongoing monitoring and research, cat and fox control, exclusion of rabbit poison-baiting, targeted fire and habitat management, and reintroduction to historically occupied regions where threatening processes have been mitigated.
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Siedenburg, Kai, Saskia Röttges, Kirsten C. Wagener, and Volker Hohmann. "Can You Hear Out the Melody? Testing Musical Scene Perception in Young Normal-Hearing and Older Hearing-Impaired Listeners." Trends in Hearing 24 (January 2020): 233121652094582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216520945826.
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It is well known that hearing loss compromises auditory scene analysis abilities, as is usually manifested in difficulties of understanding speech in noise. Remarkably little is known about auditory scene analysis of hearing-impaired (HI) listeners when it comes to musical sounds. Specifically, it is unclear to which extent HI listeners are able to hear out a melody or an instrument from a musical mixture. Here, we tested a group of younger normal-hearing (yNH) and older HI (oHI) listeners with moderate hearing loss in their ability to match short melodies and instruments presented as part of mixtures. Four-tone sequences were used in conjunction with a simple musical accompaniment that acted as a masker (cello/piano dyads or spectrally matched noise). In each trial, a signal-masker mixture was presented, followed by two different versions of the signal alone. Listeners indicated which signal version was part of the mixture. Signal versions differed either in terms of the sequential order of the pitch sequence or in terms of timbre (flute vs. trumpet). Signal-to-masker thresholds were measured by varying the signal presentation level in an adaptive two-down/one-up procedure. We observed that thresholds of oHI listeners were elevated by on average 10 dB compared with that of yNH listeners. In contrast to yNH listeners, oHI listeners did not show evidence of listening in dips of the masker. Musical training of participants was associated with a lowering of thresholds. These results may indicate detrimental effects of hearing loss on central aspects of musical scene perception.
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Lee, Harin, and Daniel Müllensiefen. "The Timbre Perception Test (TPT): A new interactive musical assessment tool to measure timbre perception ability." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 7 (June 11, 2020): 3658–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02058-3.
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Abstract To date, tests that measure individual differences in the ability to perceive musical timbre are scarce in the published literature. The lack of such tool limits research on how timbre, a primary attribute of sound, is perceived and processed among individuals. The current paper describes the development of the Timbre Perception Test (TPT), in which participants use a slider to reproduce heard auditory stimuli that vary along three important dimensions of timbre: envelope, spectral flux, and spectral centroid. With a sample of 95 participants, the TPT was calibrated and validated against measures of related abilities and examined for its reliability. The results indicate that a short-version (8 minutes) of the TPT has good explanatory support from a factor analysis model, acceptable internal reliability (α = .69, ωt = .70), good test–retest reliability (r = .79) and substantial correlations with self-reported general musical sophistication (ρ = .63) and pitch discrimination (ρ = .56), as well as somewhat lower correlations with duration discrimination (ρ = .27), and musical instrument discrimination abilities (ρ = .33). Overall, the TPT represents a robust tool to measure an individual’s timbre perception ability. Furthermore, the use of sliders to perform a reproductive task has shown to be an effective approach in threshold testing. The current version of the TPT is openly available for research purposes.
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Wong, Yetta Kwailing, Cynthia Peng, Kristyn N. Fratus, Geoffrey F. Woodman, and Isabel Gauthier. "Perceptual Expertise and Top–Down Expectation of Musical Notation Engages the Primary Visual Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 8 (August 2014): 1629–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00616.
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Most theories of visual processing propose that object recognition is achieved in higher visual cortex. However, we show that category selectivity for musical notation can be observed in the first ERP component called the C1 (measured 40–60 msec after stimulus onset) with music-reading expertise. Moreover, the C1 note selectivity was observed only when the stimulus category was blocked but not when the stimulus category was randomized. Under blocking, the C1 activity for notes predicted individual music-reading ability, and behavioral judgments of musical stimuli reflected music-reading skill. Our results challenge current theories of object recognition, indicating that the primary visual cortex can be selective for musical notation within the initial feedforward sweep of activity with perceptual expertise and with a testing context that is consistent with the expertise training, such as blocking the stimulus category for music reading.
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Macoir, Joël, Marie-Pier Tremblay, Maximiliano A. Wilson, Robert Laforce, and Carol Hudon. "The Importance of Being Familiar: The Role of Semantic Knowledge in the Activation of Emotions and Factual Knowledge from Music in the Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 85, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-215083.
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Background: The role of semantic knowledge in emotion recognition remains poorly understood. The semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is a degenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of semantic knowledge, while other cognitive abilities remain spared, at least in the early stages of the disease. The syndrome is therefore a reliable clinical model of semantic impairment allowing for testing the propositions made in theoretical models of emotion recognition. Objective: The main goal of this study was to investigate the role of semantic memory in the recognition of basic emotions conveyed by music in individuals with svPPA. Methods: The performance of 9 individuals with svPPA was compared to that of 32 control participants in tasks designed to investigate the ability: a) to differentiate between familiar and non-familiar musical excerpts, b) to associate semantic concepts to musical excerpts, and c) to recognize basic emotions conveyed by music. Results: Results revealed that individuals with svPPA showed preserved abilities to recognize familiar musical excerpts but impaired performance on the two other tasks. Moreover, recognition of basic emotions and association of musical excerpts with semantic concepts was significantly better for familiar than non-familiar musical excerpts in participants with svPPA. Conclusion: Results of this study have important implications for theoretical models of emotion recognition and music processing. They suggest that impairment of semantic memory in svPPA affects both the activation of emotions and factual knowledge from music and that this impairment is modulated by familiarity with musical tunes.
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DELLACHERIE, DELPHINE, NATHALIE EHRLÉÉ, and SÉÉVERINE SAMSON. "IS THE NEUTRAL CONDITION RELEVANT TO STUDY MUSICAL EMOTION IN PATIENTS?" Music Perception 25, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2008.25.4.285.
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STUDIES CARRIED OUT IN NONMUSICAL DOMAINS provide evidence that abnormal responses to emotionally neutral stimuli are associated with medial temporal lobe (MTL) dysfunction at the level of the amygdala. In this investigation,we propose that music will be an adequate candidate to examine the role of MTL structures in judging emotional neutrality. By testing 43 patients with temporal lobe lesions and 19 controls in a task involving classification of neutral, happy, sad, and distressing music, we found that the identification of neutral stimuli was selectively impaired in patients with MTL dysfunction. This finding suggests the implication of the amygdala in classifying emotionally neutral stimuli, supporting previous neuroimaging studies.We discuss the present data in relation to facial expressions and present an intriguing case of affective disturbance resulting from a head injury to emphasize the relevance of using music to assess the ability to detect neutrality in neurological and psychiatric patients.
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Royle, Jennifer. "Musical (Ad)venturers: Colonial Composers and Composition in Melbourne, 1870–1901." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 2, no. 2 (November 2005): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409800002238.
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In November 1874, the Melbourne Philharmonic Society (MPS) premiered a new sacred cantata, Adoration, as part of their subscription concert series at Melbourne's Town Hall. The composer, Austin T. Turner, lived in Ballarat, Victoria, and had come to Melbourne to conduct the premiere of his work, using the Melbourne Philharmonic's available force of three hundred performers. Turner was well qualified for the task, being known within the musical community as an organist, singing instructor and conductor of Ballarat's Philharmonic and Harmonic societies since 1864. Programmed for the second half of the concert, and following on from Beethoven's First Symphony and Mass in C, Adoration was certainly an ambitious project, consisting of thirty numbers divided into two broad sections. The text was based on the Psalms with some original words by Turner himself and some borrowed from the Hallelujah chorus in Beethoven's Mount of Olives. The music was described, with some commendation, as having a ‘kind of power about it’, although not being particularly individual or showing ‘a new turn of thought, either in the invention of his melodies, or the construction of his harmonies’. Turner demonstrated an ‘affluent mind in music’, as evidenced by his ability to keep his parts moving; perhaps a little too much according to the Argus critic, who found one or two simpler numbers ‘a great relief in the midst of the kaleidoscope combinations of sound in which in this composition he has revelled’. References in the style of known composers gave the work merit, the music partly reminiscent of ‘Haydn, of Beethoven, of Handel, of Mendelssohn, Arne, Purcell, and others … and in so far as it does this it is a worthy composition’. The Melbourne Age reviewer also assured readers that the work contained many genuine moments that ‘even the greatest composer need not be ashamed’, again citing the works of Beethoven and Mendelssohn as principal models for inspiration.
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Madsen, Clifford K., and Katia Madsen. "Perception and Cognition in Music: Musically Trained and Untrained Adults Compared to Sixth-Grade and Eighth-Grade Children." Journal of Research in Music Education 50, no. 2 (July 2002): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345816.
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We investigated different levels of age and musical training in relation to subjects' melodic perception in music by testing their ability to perceive a target melody when extremely similar melodies are interpolated between this original melody and its reoccurrence. Participants were sixth graders, eighth graders, young adults, and trained musicians who listened to 16 original melodies, each of which was followed by 8 extremely similar melodies. Two different experiments (A and B) tested different arrangements of mode and meter interpolations. We also asked the adult musicians to specify cognitive strategies for accomplishing the task. Results demonstrated greater accuracy among experienced musicians, yet results show that even young students are capable of remembering and discriminating similar melodies with high accuracy. Written analyses of strategies used by musicians indicated they considered the task extremely difficult and that their past musical training helped with the task; they also indicated that children could not do this task, which was not the case.
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De Prisco, Roberto, Delfina Malandrino, Donato Pirozzi, Gianluca Zaccagnino, and Rocco Zaccagnino. "Understanding the structure of musical compositions: Is visualization an effective approach?" Information Visualization 16, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871616655468.
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Experienced musicians have the ability to understand the structural elements of music compositions. Such an ability is built over time through the study of music theory, the understanding of rules that guide the composition of music, and countless hours of practice. The learning process is hard, especially for classical music, where the rigidity of the music structures and styles requires great effort to understand, assimilate, and then master the learned notions. In particular, we focused our attention on a specific type of music compositions, namely, music in chorale style (four-voice music). Composing such type of music is often perceived as a difficult task because of the rules the composer has to adhere to. In this article, we propose a visualization technique that can help people lacking a strong knowledge of music theory. The technique exploits graphic elements to draw the attention on the possible errors in the composition. We then developed an interactive system, named VisualMelody, that employs the proposed visualization technique to facilitate the understanding of the structure of music compositions. The aim is to allow people to make four-voice music composition in a quick and effective way, that is, avoiding errors, as dictated by classical music theory rules. We have involved 40 people in testing VisualMelody in order to analyze its effectiveness, its usability, and the overall user satisfaction. We partitioned the people involved in the evaluation study into two groups evenly splitting the musical expertise. Then, we had one group use VisualMelody without the visualization facilities and the other using the tool enhanced with our visualization. On average, people in the group that used our visualization were 60% faster and produced music with less errors.
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Bairnsfather, Jane E., Margaret S. Osborne, Catherine Martin, Miriam A. Mosing, and Sarah J. Wilson. "Use of explicit priming to phenotype absolute pitch ability." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): e0273828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273828.
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Musicians with absolute pitch (AP) can name the pitch of a musical note in isolation. Expression of this unusual ability is thought to be influenced by heritability, early music training and current practice. However, our understanding of factors shaping its expression is hampered by testing and scoring methods that treat AP as dichotomous. These fail to capture the observed variability in pitch-naming accuracy among reported AP possessors. The aim of this study was to trial a novel explicit priming paradigm to explore phenotypic variability of AP. Thirty-five musically experienced individuals (Mage = 29 years, range 18–68; 14 males) with varying AP ability completed a standard AP task and the explicit priming AP task. Results showed: 1) phenotypic variability of AP ability, including high-accuracy AP, heterogeneous intermediate performers, and chance-level performers; 2) intermediate performance profiles that were either reliant on or independent of relative pitch strategies, as identified by the priming task; and 3) the emergence of a bimodal distribution of AP performance when adopting scoring criteria that assign credit to semitone errors. These findings show the importance of methods in studying behavioural traits, and are a key step towards identifying AP phenotypes. Replication of our results in larger samples will further establish the usefulness of this priming paradigm in AP research.
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Голенкова, Ю. В., and А. В. Галкіна. "Development of Coordination Abilities in Girls of Senior School Age through Artistic Gymnastics." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, no. 4 (December 25, 2015): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2015.4.1155.
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The purpose of the research is to theoretically ground and experimentally verify the effectiveness of the effect of artistic gymnastics exercises on the development of coordination abilities of female high-schoolers.
To achieve the tasks set, the research used the following methods: study and analysis of pedagogical, scientific and methodological literature, interviews with experts, pedagogical observations, pedagogical testing, methods of mathematical statistics.
Research results. The paper grounds and experimentally verifies the effectiveness of the effect of artistic gymnastics exercises on the development of coordination abilities in female high-schoolers. It proves that the use of exercises borrowed from artistic gymnastics in physical training classes of high school (particularly: with no object (specific movements, balance, turns and jumps) and with objects (skipping rope, hoop, ball)) and of auxiliary exercises (classical choreography, ballroom and folk dances, musical-rhythmic and acrobatic exercises) helps improve the ability to feel the rhythm, movement coordination, the ability to maintain balance and spacial awareness.
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Saputra, Rio, Dani Ahmadi, Ryan Prastiyo, Rizky Hermawan, and Andry Maulana. "Aplikasi Media Pembelajaran Alat Musik Gitar Berbasis Android Menggunakan Metode SDLC." Computer Science (CO-SCIENCE) 2, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/coscience.v2i2.1189.
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Nowadays, people's interest in playing the guitar is increasing. Playing the guitar can further enhance personal branding in today's digital era, many of the general public are suddenly famous for playing musical instruments such as the guitar. However, the ability to learn guitar instruments has constraints such as time and funds that are not small to attend guitar school, so many people choose to self-taught independently. However, self-study is not easy. Therefore, the author tries to do a study with the aim of making an Android-Based Guitar Musical Instrument Learning Media Application as an alternative way of learning guitar independently that can be used independently so that it can be used anywhere and anytime. By applying the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) method, which is a method that describes the information system development life cycle. So that the application is divided into several levels that are tailored to the user. At each level there is material in the form of learning videos that can be listened to for an explanation. Based on the results of the Black Box testing carried out, the application that was built is functioning well, the input and output results are according to the results of the application. So the author can conclude that the Android-Based Guitar Musical Instrument Learning Media Application is very helpful for someone to learn guitar independently and effectively without having to spend money to attend music school.
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Kiryanov, I. E., and N. V. Lipkan. "Development of Empathy of Seventh-graders on the Basis of Musical and Stage Images." Psychological-Educational Studies 13, no. 1 (2021): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2021130103.
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The purpose of our study is to identify the developing potential of musical stage images in terms of the development of empathy of seventh-graders. In the course of the study, we elaborated an algorithm for development of empathy of adolescents, in which the main idea is to create conditions for the manifestation of the subjectivity of the position of schoolchildren. This algorithm is based on the theory of gradual assimilation of mental actions by P.Ya. Galperin, where the methods of developing empathy (heuristic conversation, cinquain, stage dialogues and monologue of the hero) are subordinated to its stages (formation of motivation, creation of an indicative basis for action, formation of materialized action, stages of formation of mental actions in external and internal speech, automation of action). The following part of this article presents the results of the experiment, in which 47 seven grade students, ages 13–14, from Irkutsk secondary school No. 65 took part. To determine the initial level of the seventh-graders empathy, we used a standardized test “Diagnosis the level of empathy” by V.V. Boyko, which includes six components (rational, emotional, intuitive channels; attitudes that promote or hinder empathy; penetrating ability; identification). To develop the empathy in the experimental group of students of the 7th grade, 6 lessons were held, where taking into account the students conscious, heartfelt attitude to the topic, ideas and images two musical and dramatic works were used: Glinka's Opera “Ivan Susanin” (“Life for the Tsar”) and L. Bernstein's musical “West side story”. The data obtained in the course of the study indicate the effectiveness of the algorithm for developing empathy of seventh-graders based on musical and stage images, which is confirmed by the method of statistical testing of hypotheses using the Student's t-test.
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Popovych, Nataliia M. "ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ТВОРЧЕ ОСВІТНЄ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ ЯК УМОВА ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ТВОРЧОЇ САМОРЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ФАХІВЦЯ З МУЗИЧНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 69, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v69i1.2369.
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The article contains the analysis of the the significance of the information and creative environment for the professional-creative self-realization of a specialist in musical art. It has been emphasized that the implementation of information and communication technologies in the process of preparing future specialists in the field of music art in the system of continuous artistic education is one of the important factors in enriching their professional and personal experience. The purpose of informatization of the permanent system of artistic education is to increase the efficiency of learning through the information enlargement and the improvement of its methods of application, as well as the focus on the use of information technology in the educational process of higher education and professional activities. It is noted that the reorientation of modern artistic education from discrete to permanent requires the development and experimental testing of new forms of didactic interaction with musical and pedagogical workers, aimed at creating a positive motivation of specialists in musical art until the acquisition and improvement of informational competencies, continuous improvement of professional and personal experience and professional skill based on self-education activities. It is proved that expediency and efficiency of information technologies in art education are closely connected with the notion of information culture. The essential component of the information culture of a music teacher is the ability to use information and communication technologies effectively both in the musical and educational process and in the process of self-education and self-improvement. Particular attention is drawn to the fact that the creation of an innovative information and creative educational environment in a higher educational establishment depends largely on an innovative climate, the characteristics of which are often crucial for the realization of innovative goals.
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Juniawan, Fransiskus Panca, Dwi Yuny Sylfania, Harrizki Arie Pradana, and Laurentinus Laurentinus. "Pengenalan alat musik tradisional Bangka dengan Marker-Based Augmented Reality." Register: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem Informasi 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/register.v5i2.1498.
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Dengan berkembangnya teknologi, kesadaran akan pentingnya alat musik tradisional menjadi berkurang. Demikian juga dengan alat musik tradisional Bangka yang mulai kehilangan popularitasnya. Kondisi saat ini, para remaja di Bangka kebanyakan tidak dapat memainkan alat musik tradisionalnya. Begitu juga dengan anak-anak yang belum mengetahui dan bahkan tidak mengenal alat musik tradisional daerah mereka. Jika kondisi ini dibiarkan, dikhawatirkan keberadaan alat musik tradisional Bangka akan hilang, begitu juga dengan sumber daya manusia yang dapat memainkannya. Untuk menghindari hal tersebut, dibuatlah aplikasi pengenalan alat musik tradisional Bangka menggunakan Augmented Reality (AR). AR dipilih karena dapat memberikan gambaran alat musik secara real time dalam bentuk 3D sesuai dengan pergerakan kamera smartphone yang dinamis. Empat objek 3D alat musik yakni dambus, rebab, rebanatamborin, dan gong yang dibuat menggunakan Autodesk Maya. AR yang dibangun menggunakan metode berbasis marker. Metode ini dipilih agar lebih mudah digunakan oleh pengguna yang mayoritasnya adalah anak-anak. Selain itu, kelebihan metode ini memiliki tingkat akurasi posisi yang sangat tinggi. Unity sebagai engine untuk penerapan AR 3D modelling pada sistem Android dan Vuforia SDK sebagai engine pembentuk marker augmented reality. Pengujian fungsional memiliki hasil 100% dengan sistem yang berjalan baik. Hasil pengujian kinerja deteksi objek AR berdasarkan intensitas cahaya diketahui bahwa smartphone yang memiliki dua kamera di bagian belakang dapat mendeteksi objek dengan intensitas cahaya 0 Lux pada malam hari dengan kondisi gelap, sedangkan yang hanya memiliki satu kamera tidak dapat mendeteksi objek. Pengujian warna marker mendapatkan hasil modifikasi warna marker pink, kuning, dan hitam yang masih memungkinkan untuk pendeteksian objek, walaupun objek yang tampil tidak stabil. Dari pengujian kertas marker diketahui bahwa jenis kertas tidak berpengaruh terhadap pendeteksian objek. Pengujian beta dilakukan dengan cara membagikan kuesioner terkait pengalaman pengguna dalam penggunaan sistem. Hasil survei diketahui pengguna merasa sangat setuju dengan nilai sebesar 80%, bahwa penggunaan sistem dapat membantu mereka dalam mengenal alat musik tradisional Bangka. With the incessant development of technology, awareness on the importance of traditional musical instruments has declined. Similarly, teenagers living in Bangka no longer play their traditional musical instruments, and children are not exposed to their cultural heritage. However, if this continues, it is feared that the existence of traditional Bangka musical instruments will soon go extinct. To avoid this, researchers have proposed an application to identify this media using Augmented Reality (AR). This technique was chosen due to its ability to provide visuals of musical instruments in real time using 3D models in accordance with the dynamic movement of smartphone cameras. This comprises of four 3D objects namely dambus, rebab, rebanatamborin, and gong, which were designed and developed using Autodesk Maya. AR is built using marker-based methods, which was chosen for easy use because majority of its users are children, and its high level of accuracy. Unity was utilized as an engine for its implementation in the Android system, and Vuforia SDK as augmented reality marker-builder engine. Functional testing showed 100% results which means that the system is running well. From the results of the AR object detection performance test based on light intensity it is known that a smartphone with two cameras in the backside has the ability to detect objects with a light intensity of 0 Lux in dark rooms, while the other smartphone with one camera failed to detect the objects. Color testing obtained a modification of marker colors comprising of pink, yellow, and black which are still able to detect objects, although not stable. The paper test marker has no effect on object detection. Beta testing questionnaires were used to obtain information related to user experience. From the survey results, it is known that users strongly agree (80%) that the use of the system helps them to recognize traditional Bangka musical instruments.
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Ginting, Sahta, Bruce B. Johnson, and Sabine Wilkens. "Testing the ability of organic ligands and plant materials to reduce the toxic effects of aluminium in soils." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 1 (2004): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02240.
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An acid soil from the Sedgwick region of central Victoria was modified to provide a range of aluminium (Al) concentrations in order to test whether incorporation of organic ligands, or plant material, could reduce plant-available (or 'reactive') Al in soils. Al concentrations in the soil were increased by addition of varying amounts of a solution of AlK(SO4)2, chosen after measurement of the adsorption of Al onto the soil. A similar study of citrate adsorption allowed estimation of the amount of citrate required to achieve a 1 : 1 Al : citrate ratio in the soil in order to test the effectiveness of organic ligands in alleviating Al toxicity. Citrate was found to decrease the level of reactive Al in the soil. Pot trials also showed that addition of citrate to Al amended soil caused some improvement in root length and dry weight of soybean plants (Glycine max) compared with the Al amended soil. Addition of oxalate also reduced the level of reactive Al but did not improve root growth. Incorporation of dried leaves from lucerne (Medicago sativa), rhubarb (Rheum rhubarbarum), oxalis (Oxalis pes-caprae), and soybean at application rates equivalent to 5 and 10 t/ha to a soil containing added Al tended to increase root length. The most surprising result was the relatively small effect of high Al concentrations on plant growth, with 2000 μm reactive Al reducing root length by only 50% after 15 days of growth. This is a much smaller reduction in root length than has previously been obtained in hydroponic systems with 500 μm reactive Al after 15 days growth (Ginting et al. 1998) and points to a major difference between plant growth trials in solution culture and soil systems. One possible explanation for this difference is that the roots are in contact with only a small volume of soil solution, and this can be modified by root exudates. Further research is required to test this hypothesis, which will require the development of a method of analysis for Al in soil systems that more accurately reflects reactive Al levels in the root-zone.
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Astuti, Rr Sri Widhi. "Improving The Ability To Read Rhythmic Ensembles of A Type Of Music Using The Model Song Media In Class VIII SMP Negeri 3 Teluk Keramat." International Journal of Social Service and Research 2, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v2i2.79.
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This class action research (PTK) aims to improve students' rhythmic reading skills in playing similar music ensembles by using model song media in class VII-A SMP Negeri 3 sacred bay sambas west Kalimantan. The study was conducted with two cycles of 35 students. Based on the results of the processing of research data and test results obtained as follows: The results of the pre-observation stage assessment showed students who met the assessment indicator only five out of 33 numbers students, namely: 15.15% of the expected 100%. In cycle 1, students were notified about the assessment indicators, divided groups of students into two groups, prepared teaching materials about notes and silent sign materials and similar musical ensemble materials and students were given an explanation of the meaning of musical ensembles, rhythms, and time signatures. The researcher showed several videos about playing ensembles. Evaluation is carried out individually/individually to play the scores that have been distributed using applause. The average score of the initial Test results is 67.6. The results of the assessment stage of the cycle test stage I students who meet the assessment indicator or reach KKM are 16 students or 48.5%. Students who have not earned the Teaching Completion Criteria are 17, 51.5%. Assessment activities are categorized into two types, namely individual test taking and group testing. The assessment is carried out individually first and then followed by a group assessment. The researcher will call one by one the students who are adjusted to the serial number in the student absent list to play a rhythmic pattern according to the musical instrument they carry. After doing the individual test, then a group test is carried out with the aim of seeing the cohesiveness of students in playing ensemble music. The results of the assessment stage of the cycle II test showed that students who met the assessment indicator or achieved the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) were as many as 33 students or 100%. The average score of students' rhythmic reading ability in cycle 2 was 83.3 with the Good category. From the study results, it can be concluded that using model song media can improve the ability to read rhythmically in playing similar music ensembles for students of grade VII-A
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Kosheleva, M. V. "Analysis of the structural feature of rhythmicity in 8-10 year-old children with Down syndrome." BIO Web of Conferences 48 (2022): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224801013.
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The paper substantiates the idea that the set rational rhythm of movements creates favorable conditions for the organization of motor activity. The insufficient level of its formation affects the activity of physiological systems, and results in significant energy expenditure with minimal results. A promising approach for solving the problem of developing rhythmicity in 8-10 year-old children with Down syndrome is to form the following varieties of the ability: individual rhythm; collective rhythm; rhythm in exercises with musical accompaniment. The paper analyses the results of testing the structural feature of rhythmicity in children with developmental disabilities. The change in the level of rhythmicity in children with Down syndrome of the experimental group was registered. The best results were achieved for the rhythmic exercises performed with musical accompaniment, the difference in the arithmetic mean values between the stages of the experiment was 1.37 points. In the control group with mental retardation (CG (MR)) the difference between the rhythmicity indicators in the exercises performed with musical accompaniment was less significant, only 0.17 points. The average index of rhythm in collective activities in the experimental group of children with Down syndrome (EG (DS)) increased by 1.33 points. Particular attention is paid to the results of the development of individual rhythm between the groups studied, at the beginning of the experiment the difference between the scores of CG (MR) and the EG (DS) was 0.83, at the end it decreased by 0.18 points. The scores of children with Down syndrome almost reached the results of children with MR. Such a positive result indicates the influence of rhythm on the motor areas of the brain of children with Down syndrome.
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Sulentic Begic, Jasna, Amir Begic, and Tihana Skojo. "Opinions of University Music Teachers on the Musical Competencies Necessary for Primary Education Teachers." International Journal of Higher Education 6, no. 1 (January 4, 2017): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v6n1p197.
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This paper describes the research conducted in the Republic of Croatia during the 2012/13 academic year. We have gathered opinions from experts, i.e. teaching methods teachers from seven faculties of teacher education, regarding the music teaching competencies necessary for primary education teachers teaching music in the first several grades of elementary school. We used the Delphi method in our research, i.e. in our sample survey among teaching methods teachers. The teachers also evaluated the competencies of their students and some elements of teacher education studies course syllabi and programmes. The sample survey among the teachers was implemented via email. The goal of the research was to determine if the programmes of the music courses at the teacher education studies are appropriate for the development of the competencies necessary for students of music education. Teaching methods teachers emphasized the need for more practical training, primarily regarding playing instruments and singing, and they pointed out that the course Teaching Methods in Music is the most important course for the training of future music teachers. Aside from that, they believe that more classes should be devoted to music courses, i.e. they propose to reorganise the contents of the courses by increasing the amount of practical classes and reducing the amount of theory classes. They also believe that it is necessary to introduce testing of musical ability at entrance exams for admission into the teacher education studies.
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Trezona, Anita, Sarity Dodson, Emma Fitzsimon, Anthony D. LaMontagne, and Richard H. Osborne. "Field-Testing and Refinement of the Organisational Health Literacy Responsiveness Self-Assessment (Org-HLR) Tool and Process." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031000.
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Health literacy refers to the skills and knowledge that influence a person’s ability to access, understand and use information to make health-related decisions, which are influenced by the complexity of their health needs and the demands health services place on them. The aim of this study was to field-test the Organisational Health Literacy Responsiveness (Org-HLR) tool and process to determine their utility in assessing health literacy responsiveness and for supporting organisations to plan health literacy-related improvement activities. Four organisations in Victoria, Australia, field-tested the Org-HLR tool. Data were collected through direct observation, participant feedback, and focus groups. Forty-three individuals participated in field-testing activities, and 20 took part in focus group meetings. Themes relating to the applicability and utility of the Org-HLR self-assessment tool and process were identified. Field-testing resulted in a number of refinements to the tool and process. Twenty-eight indicators were removed, 29 were rephrased to improve their clarity, and four new indicators were added. The revised Org-HLR self-assessment tool contains six dimensions, 22 sub-dimensions and 110 performance indicators. The Org-HLR tool and process were perceived as useful for assessing health literacy responsiveness, prioritising improvement activities, and establishing a benchmark for monitoring and evaluation of improvements over time. Testing generated an improved Org-HLR tool and assessment process that are likely to have utility across a broad range of health and social service sector organisations.
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Mallette, Helen Marie, Wanda George, and Ilya Blum. "Segmenting the audience attending a military music festival." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 9, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-04-2017-0026.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose and introduce a new classification model to segment a nation’s cultural tourists based on their motivations to travel to a military music festival. Little research is apparent about the types of people, and their motivations, who attend these types of festivals. In addition, the research investigates the impact of military music festivals on the concepts of patriotism and national identity. Design/methodology/approach The research approach involves empirical testing of a Canadian audience attending the Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo, a longstanding annual musical event held in Nova Scotia, Canada, that pays tribute to the country’s military heritage. A proposed classification model that includes two dimensions is applied, which investigates: motivation to attend the event and kinship to Canada’s military and naval traditions. Findings Findings provide a better understanding of the diversity of the Canadian cultural tourist audience attending a military music display in terms of tourists’ demographics, experience of the show and the desire to return. This research also provides new insights as to the ability of a military musical event to arouse emotions of national pride, patriotism and strengthen national identity. Originality/value This research is important to event sponsors and organizers of military music events as they attempt to maintain productivity and attendance growth in an increasingly competitive entertainment environment.
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Iușcă, Dorina. "Number 13 / Part I. Music. 7. Grounds of Absolute Pitch Development in Yamaha Music School." Review of Artistic Education 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rae-2017-0007.
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Abstract Absolute pitch is defined as the ability to identify the pitch class of a certain given sound without the aid of an external reference pitch (Takeuchi & Hulse, 1993; Deutsch, 2002). The incidence of absolute pitch is extremely rare among the general population, respectively 1 in 10.000 people and it depends on testing conditions such as the number of identified sounds, pitch Chroma, pitch height, timbre, register or requested reaction time, and also on subjects musical training commencing and Eastern-Asian origins. The way absolute pitch develops is described by three models: the tone language theory, the early training theory and the genetic theory. The early training theory states that absolute pitch appears due to the beginning of musical lessons during a critical development period situated before the age of 6. The educational implications of this theory are revealed in the principles and activities of Yamaha Music School which employs didactic strategies that naturally develop absolute pitch. Yamaha Music School is the largest private music education system from Japan, established by Torakusu Yamaha in 1954. Up to this day it has extended in 40 countries from Europe, Asia and the American continents, as it has about 710 million students and 30.000 teachers. The present study aims to illustrate a detailed analysis of the way the learning experiences offered by Yamaha School lead to the development of absolute pitch.
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Treffert, Darold A. "The Savant Syndrome and Autistic Disorder." CNS Spectrums 4, no. 12 (December 1999): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900006830.
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AbstractSavant syndrome, characterized by remarkable islands of mental ability in otherwise mentally handicapped persons, may occur in autistic as well as nonautislic individuals. Overall, approximately 10% of autistic persons exhibit savant abilities; roughly 50% of those with savant syndrome have autism, and the remaining 50% have other forms of developmental disability. Most commonly, savant syndrome takes the form of extraordinary musical abilities, but may also include calendar-calculation, artistic, mathematical, spatial, mechanical, and memory skills. While savant syndrome was first described more than a century ago, only recently have researchers begun to employ a more uniform nomenclature and more standardized testing in an effort to compare the abilities of savants with those of normal persons. Males show signs of savant syndrome approximately four times more often than females. Along with imaging study findings, this fact suggests the presence of a developmental disorder involving left-brain damage with right-brain compensation.
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Boersma, Petra, Julia C. M. van Weert, Birgit I. Lissenberg-Witte, Berno van Meijel, and Rose-Marie Dröes. "Testing the Implementation of the Veder Contact Method: A Theatre-Based Communication Method in Dementia Care." Gerontologist 59, no. 4 (January 8, 2018): 780–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx200.
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AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is a lack of research on implementation of person-centered care in nursing home care. The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of the Veder contact method (VCM), a new person-centered method using theatrical, poetic and musical communication for application in 24-hr care.Research Design and MethodsCaregivers (n = 136) and residents (n = 141) participated in a 1-year quasi-experimental study. Foundation Theater Veder implemented VCM on six experimental wards and rated implementation quality. Six control wards delivered care-as-usual. Before and after implementation, caregiver behavior was assessed during observations using the Veder-observation list and Quality of Caregivers’ Behavior-list. Caregiver attitude was rated with the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire. Quality of life, behavior, and mood of the residents were measured with QUALIDEM, INTERACT and FACE. Residents’ care plans were examined for person-centered background information.ResultsSignificant improvements in caregivers’ communicative behavior (i.e., the ability to apply VCM, establishing positive interactions) and some aspects of residents’ behavior and quality of life (i.e., positive affect, social relations) were found on the experimental wards with a high implementation score, as compared to the experimental wards with a low implementation score, and the control wards. No significant differences were found between the groups in caregivers’ attitudes, residents’ care plans, or mood.Discussion and ImplicationsThe positive changes in caregivers’ behavior and residents’ well-being on the high implementation score wards confirm the partly successful VCM implementation. Distinguishing between wards with a high and low implementation score provided insight into factors which are crucial for successful implementation.
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Zufriady, Zufriady. "MODEL PENGEMBANGAN KREATIVITAS ANAK MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN SENI BUDAYA BERBASIS MUSIK RIAU BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS ATAS." Primary: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.33578/jpfkip.v6i1.4113.
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Competency of primary school teachers in teaching low SBK can not increase the creativity of students. When viewed from the musical wealth of Riau which are many and varied, lessons should SBK can be done well. It is not so considered by the art educators and is the background for the model-based development of student creativity Riau music performed by R & D through the stages of survey, design models, testing, and validation. The use of this model can enhance students' creativity as the ability to develop rhythm, choose the color of the instrument, tool making, composing music, and composing music grooves. This model also helps the teacher in the learning process and simultaneously lift Riau music. SBK learning can enhance students' creativity and preserve the values of social, educational, religious, and human values contained in Riau music, if teachers can perform well. Instead of learning SBK who have not yet developed the art of Riau tradition as a foundation for creative, cultural roots will gradually disappear.
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Petrass, Lauren A., Kate Simpson, Jenny Blitvich, Rhiannon Birch, and Bernadette Matthews. "Exploring the impact of a student-centred survival swimming programme for primary school students in Australia: the perceptions of parents, children and teachers." European Physical Education Review 27, no. 3 (February 3, 2021): 684–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x20985880.
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Teaching basic swimming, water safety and rescue skills is recommended by the World Health Organization for all school-aged children. However, there is a lack of evidence on effective pedagogies to develop swimming competency and the success of swimming lessons as a drowning prevention intervention. This study used a self-report questionnaire and practical testing procedures to examine the effectiveness of a 10-week student-centred aquatic programme designed for children aged 10–12 years. The study also determined whether the non-traditional swimming programme was accepted by swim teachers, school teachers and principals, and parents from a range of schools from different geographical regions in Victoria, Australia. A total of 204 students were enrolled in the programme. The pre-programme results indicated a good level of swimming, water safety and aquatic knowledge, but low swimming ability. Swimming ability significantly improved from pre-programme to post-programme, with no significant post-programme ability differences between male and female children or for participants from different programmes. Qualitative feedback collected through questionnaires, interviews and/or focus groups from students ( n = 73) and parents ( n = 69), school teachers and principals ( n = 14), swim teachers and swim school managers ( n = 21) indicated strong support from principals and swim teachers for the student-centred pedagogy, and all stakeholders valued the focus on survival swimming competencies. This research highlights the importance of including stakeholders when designing and implementing aquatics programmes. The study has resulted in a well-founded, effective programme with tailored resources and instructional materials that are available for swim centres and schools that would enable schools globally to adopt and implement this programme.
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Scull, Janet, Jane Page, Megan L. Cock, Cuc Nguyen, Lisa Murray, Patricia Eadie, and Joseph Sparling. "Developing and Validating a Tool to Assess Young Children’s Early Literacy Engagement." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 46, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18369391211009696.
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There is growing recognition that literacy learning takes place in the years prior to formal schooling and that young children develop literacy-like behaviours through exposure to interactions in shared contexts in which literacy is a component. Despite this, there are few assessments that measure the very early literacy skills that children develop before 36 months of age. This article reports on the design and validation of a new instrument – the Early Literacy Engagement Assessment (ELEA). This tool was developed to provide insights into the impact of Conversational Reading, a key pedagogical strategy implemented at Families as First Teachers playgroups, on young children’s early receptive and expressive vocabulary and literacy skills. The instrument was trialled with 104 children living in locations across Melbourne, Victoria, and 39 Aboriginal children living in remote communities in the Northern Territory. The trial process was undertaken in two phases: (1) a technical assessment to test item consistency, characteristics and placement and (2) concurrent validity testing against items from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool-2 tool. The findings from the trial and validation process indicate that overall the ELEA discriminates well between children of high and low ability, and it is a useful tool in the authentic assessment of expressive and receptive vocabulary skills in young children.
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Likhanov, M. V., E. S. Tsigeman, and Y. Kovas. "Online Short Spatial Ability Battery (OSSAB): Psychometric Norms for Older Students." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 78 (2021): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/78/7.
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The need for STEM specialists is growing in current technologically-oriented economy. This calls for new approaches in evaluation and development of relevant abilities and skills. However, the current educational systems might miss some students who have high potential for this field or who can develop such potential. For example, according to the results of one Russian study, gifted children may be missed by existing methods of talent search, partially due to the lack of standardised psychometric tests, especially of abilities beyond verbal and numerical abilities. One important predictor of STEM, often neglected in education, is spatial ability. Recently an online short spatial ability battery (OSSAB) for use in adolescent popula-tions was developed. However, no published norms are available. The aim of this study was to develop normalised thresholds for spatial ability testing using OSSAB battery with Russian 13-17 year old schoolchildren. Schoolchildren from the Sirius Educational Centre, demonstrating high achievement in 3 different areas: science (N = 640; 238 females), sports (N = 436; 67 females) and art (N = 260; 204 females), and schoolchildren (N = 752; 350 females) from general education schools of the Russian Federation participated in the study. Age of participants: 13-17 (M = 15.01; SD = 1.18). The study identified thresholds for 8 spatial ability levels: from Very low ability to Extraordinary giftedness. These thresholds can be used by teachers and school psychologists to determine the level of spatial ability in schoolchildren of 13-17 years of age. Based on individual students’ current levels of spatial ability, teachers can provide individual support and recommendations. For high performance recommendations may include additional clas-ses in STEM or natural sciences, for example, electronics, robotics, programming, physics or chemistry. For lower performance recommendations may include computer games containing spatial components; sports; playing musical instruments; origami classes; and studying the Chinese language. More broadly, school curricula in different subjects should include more spatial elements, such as: inclusion of stereometric tasks in learning materials; computer pro-grams for modelling in teaching geometry and other subjects; adding visualizations (graphs and tables) when explaining material. Overall, the results of this study suggest that a significant number of children have very low or very high level of spatial ability in both mainstream schools and in educational centres for high-preforming students. The norms developed in this study can be used for identification and individualized support in all educational settings.
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Blanch-Lázaro, Berta, Raoul F. H. Ribot, Mathew L. Berg, Soren Alexandersen, and Andrew T. D. Bennett. "Ability to detect antibodies to beak and feather disease virus in blood on filter paper decreases with duration of storage." PeerJ 9 (December 20, 2021): e12642. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12642.
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Background Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a circovirus that infects captive and wild psittacine birds, and is of conservation concern. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay is used to determine antibody titres against BFDV, and the use of dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper stored at room temperature has been suggested to be an equally valid technique to the use of frozen serum. However, research on other pathogens has found variable results when investigating the longevity of antibodies stored on DBS at room temperature. Consequently, we aimed to test the temporal stability of antibodies to BFDV in DBS samples stored long-term at room temperature. A further goal was to add to the current knowledge of antibody response to naturally acquired BFDV infection in crimson rosellas (Platycercus elegans). Methods Blood was collected from wild P. elegans in Victoria, Australia, that had been live-trapped (n = 9) or necropsied (n = 11). BFDV virus load data were obtained from blood stored in ethanol by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR); antibody titres were obtained by HI assay from either DBS or serum samples, which had been collected concurrently. All HI assays were performed commercially by the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) in Charles Sturt University, Australia, who were blind to BFDV blood status. Results HI titres from DBS stored at room temperature declined significantly over time (~80 weeks). By contrast, frozen serum samples assayed after 80 weeks in storage all had high HI titres, only varying up to one dilution step from the initial HI titres obtained from DBS at 3–6 weeks after sampling. Weak HI titres from DBS samples all came back negative when the test was repeated only nine weeks later. Novel high HI titres were reported in P. elegans, and while most birds with high antibody titres had corresponding negative qPCR results, a single subadult presented with high HI titres and virus load simultaneously. Conclusion Detection of antibodies on filter paper stored at room temperature decreases over time, increasing the chances of false negatives in these samples, and in repeated testing of samples with weak HI titres. Consequently, serum should be the preferred sample type to use for seroepidemiological studies on BFDV in parrots and other bird species. When not possible, it may help to store DBS on filter paper at −20 °C or lower. However, prompt testing of DBS samples (e.g., <6 weeks in storage) is recommended pending further research on antibody temporal stability. We also show that P. elegans, especially adults, can produce high antibody titres against BFDV, which may help them resist infection.
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Morris, R. W., and P. J. Mohacsi. "How Well Can Anaesthetists Discriminate Pulse Oximeter Tones?" Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 33, no. 4 (August 2005): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0503300412.
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The ability of experienced anaesthetists to discern oxygen saturation by listening to the tones of a Datex AS3 pulse oximeter was examined. Five-second samples were recorded using a high fidelity patient simulator and replayed singly and in pairs. Whilst the lower saturations were generally recognized as lower, the perceived range was greatly compressed. Median perceived estimates for 70% saturation was 89%, for 80% was 93% and for 94% was 94%. When comparing pairs of samples, the direction of the difference was correctly discerned by 70% of anaesthetists for differences of 2%, rising to 95% for differences of greater than 8% oxygen saturation. The magnitude of the difference was consistently underestimated. With an actual difference of 20%, the median estimate was 5%. The results indicate that while qualitative estimate changes in oxygen saturation are moderately reliable, quantitative estimation is severely limited by a compromised perceived scale. This may lead to underestimation of the severity if the auditory signal is relied on in isolation. A non-linear (musical) scale may prove more appropriate and should be investigated. Testing experienced anaesthetists demonstrated that most could detect the direction, but not the magnitude of a change in saturation by listening to the change in pitch of a Datex AS3 pulse oximeter tone.
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Buchok, Lianna. "V. Telychko’s “Children’s Album” as an example of the modern tonal image of the world: peculiarities of the musical vocabulary and melodic ideas." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 49, no. 49 (September 15, 2018): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-49.05.
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Background. The beginning of the development of musical art in Transcarpathia dates back to the end of the nineteenth century and lasts during the first third of the twentieth century. First of all, it was an interest in the genre of choral music (a synthetic genre based on the merging of the Word and Music), which fully corresponded to the enlightened spirit of life of the Transcarpathians under the political conditions of that time. And only in the second half of the twentieth century intensive blossoming of the varieties of instrumental (kind of «pure») music with its conceptually most complex types of creative thinking and adaptation to the methods of style transformation takes place. The piano music, one of the most abstract forms of the creative process, has revealed its peculiarities in this process. However, the researchers virtually never paid attention to piano pieces for children, which are naturally inferior by their practically necessary and didactically appropriate visual simplicity of musical vocabulary to the works of the so-called large genre. In addition, historically, the creative work of Transcarpathian composers has been considered only as a product of a purely regional significance. Therefore, it is important that the piano works of Transcarpathian composers for children should also be considered in the context of such integrity as the Intentional period of the music history, which has been defined as non-classical and at the same time permeated with the idea of global cultural synthesis Objectives. The essence of the tasks and the purpose is to present the "Child Album" by V. Telychko (the first in Transcarpathia sample of the genre of children’s musical album, 2016) as an example of the creation of the modern intonational image of the world - in its associative diversity and intentionality. Methods. A selection of research methods, namely, analytical (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization, classification and generalization), comparative, systemic, phenomenological, functional, has been used in view of the holistic approach – in the spirit of spiritual development of the world. In this regard, the interpretive potential of the concepts of the intonational model and the modal nature of musical themes as types of thinking by sound images is considered methodologically appropriate: both purposefully focus attention of the recipient on the sound «body» and the intonational "soul" of the musical matter in the integrity of the creative idea of the work, and also is didactically productive in terms of comprehension of the architectonics of the world of music as a world of musical ideas. Results. V. Telichko’s "Children’s Album" is a cyclic structure of the linear/plot type, where step-by-step compositional and dramaturgical organization of the whole ensures the principle of successive naming of new, but equal in figurative semantic content pieces. At the same time, it will be superfluous to reflect on the fact that the structure of cycles such as "album" is rarely evaluated as such that it is actually "filled in" (for example, with memorable photos or pictures), and only since then its "white" (from alba) of the blank/empty sheets is filled in with the semantics and the logic of placement of fixed events, phenomena, impressions, etc in a certain order. Against the background of such reflection the memory recalls such "albums" of romantics: all of them are based on the logic of the course of a day lived by a child (for example, P. I. Tchaikovsky). V. Telichko’s principle of collecting pieces "into the album" has such a life-justifiable logic – the gradual flow of events of the day, embodied in a child’s only perception of the world and itself. The semantic code of the composer’s plan is referenced in his dedication: "I devote my love to grandchildren Angelina and Anna" - expressing love for grandchildren, admiring their fantasy and energy, caring for the formation of their worldview on a certain system of values (family, native land, diversity of traditions of the countries of the world , historical memory): the pieces "Morning", "My Mother", "Our Grandmother" represent an idea of an ingenuous and happy feeling of a child in the family; "Anna’s Teddy-Bear", "Angelina’s Hobbyhorse" and "Angelina’s Waltz " represent a lively imagination of children, each of them having a favorite game "theme"; the plays "About Transcarpathia", "Kolomyika", "Tropotyanka", "Long road" and "It’s raining" are outlined by the situation of instructive stories of grandfather about the regionally formed traditions of the Transcarpathians, their spirit and uneasy destiny; while the pieces "On Scotland", "On Slovakia" and "On Japan" outline the interests of somewhat different cognitive significance - the intention to comprehend a certain national "otherness", which has its own color of its culture; in the end, "A Lullaby for Anna" creates, so to say, a backlash against the grand finale-prologue, consisting of the pieces "On Austria" (the cultural center of the European musical classicism) and "On Romania" (regionally closest to Transcarpathia country). Another signifying circumstance of the idea and plan of the cycle refers to the types of performances and personification of images, both as members of the family circle and as a certain social unity: in addition to the versions of solo performance, in a considerable number of plays there is ensemble performance in four and six hands; at the same time, each of the parts is composed as a certain texture layer, which in aggregate (duo, terzetto) gives the effect of an "orchestral" score. However, the most important thing is that for the instrumentalist performer, and for the listener or analyst (who is also a "listener"), the "Children’s Album" by V. Telichko is a test of the ability to perceive musical vocabulary in the form of a certain sound form/idea with which it is necessary to have a relationship according to the algorithm of personal identification. On the one hand, in the musical text there is an opportunity to recognize the classical models of musical vocabulary (cantilena, recitation, motility, general forms of motion, signaling, sound illustration); and on the other - due to the constructive interference of the classical techniques of the creation of musical matter (emancipated dissonance, the non-systemic character of the tonality, etc.) the meanings are accumulated. Another important component of the composer’s plan is to introduce a purely methodical (level of methodical reception) task of developing the technology of the game on the piano into the original sound form/idea, which first of all requires a skillful usage of all the fingers. Conclusions. As a research material the "Children’s Album" by a contemporary composer from Transcarpathia, V. Telichko provides several important and mutually perceptible scientific tasks directly related to musicology and pedagogical practice: testing of the theoretically updated analytical apparatus for tracking the intonational field of music and its thoughts and comprehension of the didactically expedient implementation of its results in the educational sphere; in particular, in terms of the prospective guideline for the development of musicality (a high measure of the ability to self-identification with the musical image) and the piano skills of a child musician.
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Buchok, Lianna. "V. Telychko’s “Children’s Album” as an example of the modern tonal image of the world: peculiarities of the musical vocabulary and melodic ideas." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 49, no. 49 (September 15, 2018): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-49.05.
Full textAbstract:
Background. The beginning of the development of musical art in Transcarpathia dates back to the end of the nineteenth century and lasts during the first third of the twentieth century. First of all, it was an interest in the genre of choral music (a synthetic genre based on the merging of the Word and Music), which fully corresponded to the enlightened spirit of life of the Transcarpathians under the political conditions of that time. And only in the second half of the twentieth century intensive blossoming of the varieties of instrumental (kind of «pure») music with its conceptually most complex types of creative thinking and adaptation to the methods of style transformation takes place. The piano music, one of the most abstract forms of the creative process, has revealed its peculiarities in this process. However, the researchers virtually never paid attention to piano pieces for children, which are naturally inferior by their practically necessary and didactically appropriate visual simplicity of musical vocabulary to the works of the so-called large genre. In addition, historically, the creative work of Transcarpathian composers has been considered only as a product of a purely regional significance. Therefore, it is important that the piano works of Transcarpathian composers for children should also be considered in the context of such integrity as the Intentional period of the music history, which has been defined as non-classical and at the same time permeated with the idea of global cultural synthesis Objectives. The essence of the tasks and the purpose is to present the "Child Album" by V. Telychko (the first in Transcarpathia sample of the genre of children’s musical album, 2016) as an example of the creation of the modern intonational image of the world - in its associative diversity and intentionality. Methods. A selection of research methods, namely, analytical (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systematization, classification and generalization), comparative, systemic, phenomenological, functional, has been used in view of the holistic approach – in the spirit of spiritual development of the world. In this regard, the interpretive potential of the concepts of the intonational model and the modal nature of musical themes as types of thinking by sound images is considered methodologically appropriate: both purposefully focus attention of the recipient on the sound «body» and the intonational "soul" of the musical matter in the integrity of the creative idea of the work, and also is didactically productive in terms of comprehension of the architectonics of the world of music as a world of musical ideas. Results. V. Telichko’s "Children’s Album" is a cyclic structure of the linear/plot type, where step-by-step compositional and dramaturgical organization of the whole ensures the principle of successive naming of new, but equal in figurative semantic content pieces. At the same time, it will be superfluous to reflect on the fact that the structure of cycles such as "album" is rarely evaluated as such that it is actually "filled in" (for example, with memorable photos or pictures), and only since then its "white" (from alba) of the blank/empty sheets is filled in with the semantics and the logic of placement of fixed events, phenomena, impressions, etc in a certain order. Against the background of such reflection the memory recalls such "albums" of romantics: all of them are based on the logic of the course of a day lived by a child (for example, P. I. Tchaikovsky). V. Telichko’s principle of collecting pieces "into the album" has such a life-justifiable logic – the gradual flow of events of the day, embodied in a child’s only perception of the world and itself. The semantic code of the composer’s plan is referenced in his dedication: "I devote my love to grandchildren Angelina and Anna" - expressing love for grandchildren, admiring their fantasy and energy, caring for the formation of their worldview on a certain system of values (family, native land, diversity of traditions of the countries of the world , historical memory): the pieces "Morning", "My Mother", "Our Grandmother" represent an idea of an ingenuous and happy feeling of a child in the family; "Anna’s Teddy-Bear", "Angelina’s Hobbyhorse" and "Angelina’s Waltz " represent a lively imagination of children, each of them having a favorite game "theme"; the plays "About Transcarpathia", "Kolomyika", "Tropotyanka", "Long road" and "It’s raining" are outlined by the situation of instructive stories of grandfather about the regionally formed traditions of the Transcarpathians, their spirit and uneasy destiny; while the pieces "On Scotland", "On Slovakia" and "On Japan" outline the interests of somewhat different cognitive significance - the intention to comprehend a certain national "otherness", which has its own color of its culture; in the end, "A Lullaby for Anna" creates, so to say, a backlash against the grand finale-prologue, consisting of the pieces "On Austria" (the cultural center of the European musical classicism) and "On Romania" (regionally closest to Transcarpathia country). Another signifying circumstance of the idea and plan of the cycle refers to the types of performances and personification of images, both as members of the family circle and as a certain social unity: in addition to the versions of solo performance, in a considerable number of plays there is ensemble performance in four and six hands; at the same time, each of the parts is composed as a certain texture layer, which in aggregate (duo, terzetto) gives the effect of an "orchestral" score. However, the most important thing is that for the instrumentalist performer, and for the listener or analyst (who is also a "listener"), the "Children’s Album" by V. Telichko is a test of the ability to perceive musical vocabulary in the form of a certain sound form/idea with which it is necessary to have a relationship according to the algorithm of personal identification. On the one hand, in the musical text there is an opportunity to recognize the classical models of musical vocabulary (cantilena, recitation, motility, general forms of motion, signaling, sound illustration); and on the other - due to the constructive interference of the classical techniques of the creation of musical matter (emancipated dissonance, the non-systemic character of the tonality, etc.) the meanings are accumulated. Another important component of the composer’s plan is to introduce a purely methodical (level of methodical reception) task of developing the technology of the game on the piano into the original sound form/idea, which first of all requires a skillful usage of all the fingers. Conclusions. As a research material the "Children’s Album" by a contemporary composer from Transcarpathia, V. Telichko provides several important and mutually perceptible scientific tasks directly related to musicology and pedagogical practice: testing of the theoretically updated analytical apparatus for tracking the intonational field of music and its thoughts and comprehension of the didactically expedient implementation of its results in the educational sphere; in particular, in terms of the prospective guideline for the development of musicality (a high measure of the ability to self-identification with the musical image) and the piano skills of a child musician.
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Trompf, J. P., and P. W. G. Sale. "The paired-paddock model as an agent for change on grazing properties across south-east Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 4 (2000): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00046.
Full textAbstract:
A detailed study was undertaken on the pasture management practices of 146 producers across south-east Australia who participated in the Grassland’s Productivity Program (GPP) for 3 years between 1993 and 1997. The GPP was an extension program to assist wool producers to develop skills and gain confidence in their ability to manage more productive pastures on their farms. The program consisted of 50 farmer groups (200 farmers participating) spread across the 4 states of South Australia, southern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Each farmer established paired-paddocks on their own property to compare productive pastures with existing pastures. Productive pastures involve increased rates of fertiliser on pastures containing productive species, with stocking rate adjusted to consume available pasture. After 3 years of involvement in the GPP, there was a whole-farm increase in P fertiliser use by 6.3 kg P/ha, stocking rates by 2.6 dse/ha and annual pasture resowing by 0.9% of the farm, when averaged across the 146 participants. The participants were applying the productive pasture technology to almost a third of their properties in 1997 and the intention was to increase this to over half of their properties by 2000. The participants also changed farm management practices as the program effectively developed management skills. There were increases in the ability to assess pasture quality and quantity, livestock by weighing or physical assessment, and the ability to calculate per hectare production and per hectare gross margins. A high proportion of GPP participants were soil testing (0.92) and spring lambing (0.72) at the completion of the program. The results indicated that the adoption of productive pastures was generally consistent across south-east Australia for pastoral producers who participated in this program, although south-west Victorian and south-east South Australian GPP participants did increase whole-farm P application by more than GPP participants from outside that region. The widespread change in farming practice was attributed to the additive and interactive effect of the paired-paddock comparison, the guidance provided by the facilitator, the group interaction and the skills training. Each of these components of the paired-paddock model combined to form an effective agent for change to increase pasture productivity on these grazing properties.
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Walters, Judi, Kate Light, and Nathan Robinson. "Using agricultural metadata: a novel investigation of trends in sowing date in on-farm research trials using the Online Farm Trials database." F1000Research 9 (May 26, 2021): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26903.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A growing ability to collect data, together with the development and adoption of the FAIR guiding principles, has increased the amount of data available in many disciplines. This has given rise to an urgent need for robust metadata. Within the Australian grains industry, data from thousands of on-farm research trials (Trial Projects) have been made available via the Online Farm Trials (OFT) website. OFT Trial Project metadata were developed as filters to refine front-end database searches, but could also be used as a dataset to investigate trends in metadata elements. Australian grains crops are being sown earlier, but whether on-farm research trials reflect this change is currently unknown. Methods: We investigated whether OFT Trial Project metadata could be used to detect trends in sowing dates of on-farm crop research trials across Australia, testing the hypothesis that research trials are being sown earlier in line with local farming practices. The investigation included 15 autumn-sown, winter crop species listed in the database, with trial records from 1993 to 2019. Results: Our analyses showed that (i) OFT Trial Project metadata can be used as a dataset to detect trends in sowing date; and (ii) cropping research trials are being sown earlier in Victoria and Western Australia, but no trend exists within the other states. Discussion/Conclusion: Our findings show that OFT Trial Project metadata can be used to detect trends in crop sowing date, suggesting that metadata could also be used to detect trends in other elements such as harvest date. Because OFT is a national database of research trials, further assessment of metadata may uncover important agronomic, cultural or economic trends within or across the Australian cropping regions. New information could then be used to lead practice change and increase productivity within the Australian grains industry.
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Walters, Judi, Kate Light, and Nathan Robinson. "Using agricultural metadata: a novel investigation of trends in sowing date in on-farm research trials using the Online Farm Trials database." F1000Research 9 (November 6, 2020): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26903.1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A growing ability and interest in the collection of data, together with the development and adoption of the FAIR guiding principles, has increased the amount of data available in many disciplines. This has given rise to an urgent need for robust metadata. Within the Australian grains industry, data from over thousands of on-farm research trials (Trial Projects) have been made available via the Online Farm Trials (OFT) website. OFT Trial Project metadata were developed as filters to refine front-end database searches, but could also be used as a dataset to investigate trends in metadata elements. Australian grains crops are being sown earlier, but whether on-farm research trials reflect this change is currently unknown. Methods: We investigated whether OFT Trial Project metadata could be used to detect trends in sowing dates of on-farm crop research trials across Australia, testing the hypothesis that research trials are being sown earlier in line with local farming practices. The investigation included 15 autumn-sown, winter crop species listed in the database, with trial records from 1993 to 2019. Results: Our analyses showed that (i) OFT Trial Project metadata can be used as a dataset to detect trends in sowing date; and (ii) cropping research trials are being sown earlier in Victoria and Western Australia, but no trend exists within the other states. Discussion/Conclusion: Our findings show that OFT Trial Project metadata can be used to detect trends in crop sowing date, suggesting that metadata could also be used to detect trends in other metadata elements such as harvest date. Because OFT is a national database of research trials, further assessment of metadata may uncover important agronomic, cultural or economic trends within or across the Australian cropping regions. New information could then be used to lead practice change and increase productivity within the Australian grains industry.
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Trompf, J. P., P. W. G. Sale, G. Saul, J. Shovelton, and B. Graetz. "Changes in practices and decisions resulting from the paired-paddock model used in the Grassland’s Productivity Program." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, no. 8 (1998): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98058.
Full textAbstract:
Summary. A detailed survey was undertaken in the spring of 1995 with 20 wool producers in south-west Victoria and the south-east of South Australia to determine the impact of their participation for 18 months in a program called the Grassland’s Productivity Program. This program involved groups of producers establishing paired-paddock comparisons on their own farms with guidance from an experienced facilitator. Productive pasture practices (increased fertiliser rates, responsive pasture species and high stocking rates) were used in one paddock, while the remaining paddock was managed with existing practices. A second group of 15 producers from the same districts who did not participate in the Grassland’s Productivity Program were selected at random and also surveyed. Although the 2 groups of producers had similar pasture productivity parameters (phosphorus fertiliser, stocking rates and pasture resowing rates) in the autumn of 1993, the Grassland’s Productivity Program participants had significantly (P<0.05) increased phosphorus fertiliser rates on average from 5.7 to 10.5 kg P/ha, stocking rates from 9.4 to 10.7 dse/ha, and the area of the farm that was being resown to new pasture from 2.9 to 4.0%, by the spring of 1995. There was no change in the pasture practices of the non- Grassland’s Productivity Program producers over this period. The Grassland’s Productivity Program participants also increased their use of soil testing and plant tissue testing and changed their rationale for making fertiliser and stocking decisions. The decisions were now based on an assessment of soil fertility and animal production target levels, together with accurate assessment of pasture production and animal requirements, rather than on past experiences and normal district practices. The increased adoption of the productive pasture technology (practice change) was directly related to a change in attitude to decision making. This change in attitude or beliefs among Grassland’s Productivity Program participants was a result of the action learning experiences that disposed or modified existing beliefs, while integrating the productive pasture technology in a contextualised manner. The paired-paddock approach to learning enabled each participant to witness the productive pasture technology perform on their own farm, in direct comparison with the existing management approach. The participants developed increased confidence in their ability to manage this technology from group-learning experiences, which occurred at regular group meetings.
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Baiti, Risa Nurin, Sena Maulana, Silvia Uthari Nuzaverra Mayang Mangurai, Rio Ardiansyah Murda, and Yazid Bindar. "Wettability of Dendrocalmus asper under Various Heating Time during Composites Making Process." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Bamboos are often used due to their abundance, fast growth rate, cheap price, ductility, and formability in the sector of transportation, musical instrument, cooking ware, etc. For construction purposes, Dendrocalamus asper, (locally known as “Bambu betung”), is used as bamboo composites. The properties of bamboo are highly improved by using phenolic resins (phenol-formaldehyde) as an adhesive in bamboo composites. Bamboo is stronger and more susceptible to any liquid. The liquid is the most common enemy to plant-based structure due to the softening effect. Thus, the wettability of bamboo is an important matter as it indicates the ability of a liquid to spread and penetrate on the surface. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of various heating times to wettability properties of heat-treated D. asper strands during the bamboo-composite making process. Before testing, the bamboo was cut, cleaned, and sand-grinded. The bamboo strands were heated at 140°C for 1, 2, and 3 hours. Then, the surface of bamboo was evaluated by measuring the contact angle based on the sessile drop method. The constant contact angle was obtained by calculating the regression formula between time (t) and contact angle (θ). The wettability was indicated by the value of K. The color of heat-treated bamboo strands was measured by portable color difference meter model CDX 105 and characterized by CIE Lab. The results showed that the longer the holding time, the surface became more hydrophobic, showed by a highercontact angle. Longer heating gives more time to the resin to spread more evenly into the pores of bamboo so that the hydrophobicity of bamboo composites is increased. The lightness value (L*) of heat-treated bamboo strands tended to decrease with increasing temperature and time of heat treatment. To conclude, for further making the process of bamboo composites using D. asper, we recommend curing the composites for 3 hours.
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Baiti, Risa Nurin, Sena Maulana, Silvia Uthari Nuzaverra Mayang Mangurai, Rio Ardiansyah Murda, and Yazid Bindar. "Wettability of Dendrocalmus asper under Various Heating Time during Composites Making Process." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Bamboos are often used due to their abundance, fast growth rate, cheap price, ductility, and formability in the sector of transportation, musical instrument, cooking ware, etc. For construction purposes, Dendrocalamus asper, (locally known as “Bambu betung”), is used as bamboo composites. The properties of bamboo are highly improved by using phenolic resins (phenol-formaldehyde) as an adhesive in bamboo composites. Bamboo is stronger and more susceptible to any liquid. The liquid is the most common enemy to plant-based structure due to the softening effect. Thus, the wettability of bamboo is an important matter as it indicates the ability of a liquid to spread and penetrate on the surface. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of various heating times to wettability properties of heat-treated D. asper strands during the bamboo-composite making process. Before testing, the bamboo was cut, cleaned, and sand-grinded. The bamboo strands were heated at 140°C for 1, 2, and 3 hours. Then, the surface of bamboo was evaluated by measuring the contact angle based on the sessile drop method. The constant contact angle was obtained by calculating the regression formula between time (t) and contact angle (θ). The wettability was indicated by the value of K. The color of heat-treated bamboo strands was measured by portable color difference meter model CDX 105 and characterized by CIE Lab. The results showed that the longer the holding time, the surface became more hydrophobic, showed by a highercontact angle. Longer heating gives more time to the resin to spread more evenly into the pores of bamboo so that the hydrophobicity of bamboo composites is increased. The lightness value (L*) of heat-treated bamboo strands tended to decrease with increasing temperature and time of heat treatment. To conclude, for further making the process of bamboo composites using D. asper, we recommend curing the composites for 3 hours.
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Verburg, K., W. J. Bond, J. R. Hirth, and A. M. Ridley. "Lucerne in crop rotations on the Riverine Plains. 3. Model evaluation and simulation analyses." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 12 (2007): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07133.
Full textAbstract:
The use of a lucerne phase in crop rotations can reduce water lost as drainage past the root zone under dryland agriculture in southern Australia. During the lucerne phase the perenniality of lucerne and its deep rooting ability allow extraction of soil water from below the root zone of annual crops and the creation of a soil water storage buffer against deep water loss. The longevity of the soil water storage buffer depends on rainfall patterns, management of the crops and summer fallows, as well as the magnitude of the buffer created during the lucerne phase. Results from a previously reported field experiment in north-eastern Victoria (average annual rainfall 600 mm) suggested that a 2-year lucerne phase could be insufficient to prevent drainage under subsequent crops for more than 1 year. Computer simulations were used to explore the implications of climatic variability on the creation and refilling of the soil water storage buffer. After first testing that the simulations described the experimental data satisfactorily, they were then used to extend the results and conclusions of the field experiment. These showed that the outcome of the experimental evaluation was affected by the climatic conditions experienced during the experiment and that a lucerne phase duration of 2 years was not appreciably less effective than a 3-year lucerne phase in reducing drainage past 1.8 m (the depth evaluated in the experiment). This conclusion was, however, sensitive to the depth at which drainage was evaluated and also depended on management factors such as the timing of lucerne removal and weed control during the summer fallows. For example, when drainage was evaluated to the maximum depth of lucerne rooting (3.6 m), lucerne was removed in December rather than April, and weeds were permitted, a third year of lucerne allowed a longer cropping phase without refilling of the profile in 47% of years. As a general recommendation a 3-year lucerne phase might, therefore, be an appropriate option for maximising the prevention of drainage. The large variability in the longevity of the soil water storage buffer (from 3 to > 45 months) and its sensitivity to management suggest, however, that it may be more beneficial to link phase changes to local assessment of the status of soil water storage buffer.
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Ortolan, A., S. Ramiro, A. Sepriano, R. B. M. Landewé, D. Van der Heijde, and V. Navarro-Compán. "OP0315 WHICH RESPONSE OR STATUS CRITERION DISCRIMINATES BEST IN AXSPA?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 194.1–195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1106.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Response criteria and disease activity status used to assess treatment efficacy in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are: the ASAS response criteria (ASAS20; 40; 5/6 and partial remission - PR), BASDAI50 and ASDAS-based criteria (clinically important/major improvement –CII/MI; low disease activity/inactive disease –LDA/ID). These outcomes are variably used in RCTs testing biological (b) and targeted-synthetic (ts)DMARDs. However, it remains unknown which are the most discriminative.Objectives:To compare the ability of different criteria to discriminate between the response to active treatment and placebo in axSpA.Methods:A systematic literature review was performed in Medline and Embase to identify RCTs of b- and tsDMARDs. Placebo-controlled RCTs meeting the primary endpoint were included provided they reported ≥2 response/status criteria. Outcomes were collected at the timepoint of primary endpoint assessment (PEA). Risk of bias was evaluated by The Cochrane tool. Meta-analysis with the Mantel-Haenszel method was conducted to calculate the Chi-square (Χ2) between percentages of patients fulfilling each criterion in the treatment arm versus the placebo arm (higherΧ2, better discrimination). Comparisons among criteria were conducted evaluating their performances across RCTs reporting the exact same outcomes at the PEA. Different sets of RCTs were used for the comparisons depending on the available outcomes (Table).Results:29 RCTs fulfilled inclusion criteria. In total, 23/29 RCTs with PEA at 12, 14 or 16 weeks, all at a low risk of bias, could be considered for meta-analysis. Other 6 RCTs had later (e.g 24 weeks) or earlier (e.g. 6 weeks) PEA. Out of the 23 RCTs, only 16 reported at least a minimum set of ASAS20,-40, -PR and BASDAI50 (Table, Set 1): discriminative performances for ASAS40 were >ASAS20>BASDAI50>ASAS-PR. In 11/16 RCTs ASAS5/6 was also included (Table, Set 2): this criterion showed the best performances among ASAS-based response criteria. 8/16 RCTs additionally included some ASDAS-based criteria (Table, Set 3): ASDAS-CII and -MI showed a much higher discrimination compared to the ASAS-based criteria. In only 3 trials could all criteria be compared, with the ASDAS-CII and -MI appearing as the most discriminative criteria, followed by ASAS 5/6 (Table, Set 4).Conclusion:Response criteria are more discriminative than status criteria. ASDAS-CII and ASDAS-MI showed the best discrimination between treatment/placebo arms. Using the ASDAS-CII as primary outcome in future RCTs can reduce the number of patients needed to be included while keeping the same statistical power.Table.Discriminative performances of response and status criteria in RCTs of biological and targeted synthetic DMARDs in axial spondyloarthritisMinimum set of outcomesSet 1:ASAS20,-40,-PR, BASDAI50Set 2:ASAS20,-40,-5/6, -PRBASDAI50Set 3:ASAS20,-40, -5/6, -PR BASDAI50ASDAS-CII, -MI, -IDSet 4:AllN° of RCTsTotal=16*161183Descending Χ2orderΧ2Χ2Χ2Χ2 1ASAS40339ASAS5/6334ASDAS-CII309ASDAS-CII124 2ASAS20316ASAS40266ASDAS-MI253ASDAS-MI65 3BASDAI50297ASAS20254ASAS40169ASAS5/648 4ASAS-PR146BASDAI50248BASDAI50163BASDAI5039 5-ASAS-PR119ASDAS-ID117ASAS4034 6--ASAS2098ASDAS-LDA27 7--ASAS-PR80ASAS-PR22 8---ASAS2021 9---ASDAS-ID7Legend.*total of 16 RCTs analysed, with different sets of RCTs within the 16 analysed based on the availability of response criteria; Χ2=Chi-square; RCTs=randomized controlled trials; BASDAI= Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; ASAS= Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society; PR= partial remission; CII= clinically important improvement; MI= major improvement; LDA= low disease activity; ID= inactive diseaseDisclosure of Interests:Augusta Ortolan: None declared, Sofia Ramiro: None declared, Alexandre Sepriano: None declared, Robert B.M. Landewé Consultant of: AbbVie; AstraZeneca; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly & Co.; Galapagos NV; Novartis; Pfizer; UCB Pharma, Désirée van der Heijde Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cyxone, Daiichi, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB Pharma; Director of Imaging Rheumatology BV, Victoria Navarro-Compán Consultant of: Abbvie, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, MSD, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB
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Coombes, Caitlin, Keisuke Horikawa, Sanjiv Jain, Jun Hee Lim, Sewa Rijal, Kartik Saxena, and Dipti Talaulikar. "Somatic Mutations Associated with IgVH4-34 FR1 Region Unmutated QW and Avy Motifs in DLBCL Patients." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142486.
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There is increasing evidence for antigen-driven B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and other lymphoid malignancies. This includes antigens from infections e.g.Helicobacter pyloriand Hepatitis C virus, but it is theorised that self-antigens may play a major role in some cases of lymphoid malignancy. IgVH4-34 demonstrates intrinsic autoreactivity to self-antigens on red cells, which appears to be largely mediated by two motifs within the first framework region (FR1); Q6W7 and A24V25Y26. These motifs work together to for a hydrophobic patch which determines red cell antigen binding and are frequently mutated away from self-reactivity in normal B cells. IgVH4-34 has been reported to be over-represented in DLBCL compared with expression in normal B cells. We therefore sought to identify IgVH4-34 DLBCL cases from a local cohort and to screen them for Q6W7 and A24V25Y26 motifs expecting them to be less frequently mutated in DLBCL compared with normal B cells.We also aimed to screen V4-34 cases for associated somatic mutations in other genes using high-throughput sequencing. DLBCL patient samples were obtained via the Haematology Research Tissue Bank (HRTB) in Canberra, Australia, and the Victoria Cancer BioBank. Forty-eight Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples and 26 fresh frozen samples were screened. All samples were collected at the time of diagnosis. Patients were treated with standard chemoimmunotherapy approaches. IgVH 4-34 gene sequences were determined using an IgVH4 family-specific leader primer in combination with a JH consensus reverse primer. The IgVH region was then sequenced using Sanger sequencing. Sequences were analyzed using the IgBLAST database (National Centre for Biotechnology Information). DNA extracted from FFPE samples generally proved to have low concentration and fragmented DNA. Only 1 IgVH4-34 sequence was obtained from FFPE tissue. Five samples sequenced from fresh tissue were identified as using IgVH4-34. Using Hans criteria, it was possible to classify 3 of the 6 cases as germinal center (GC) and 1 as non-GC origin. Using fresh samples, we estimated the frequency of IgVH4-34 cases at 23%. Within FR1, Q6W7 was unmutated in all 6 samples. One sample had mutations in the A24V25Y26 motif resulting in a change to A24V25F26. The other 5 samples (83.3%) had unmutated AVY motifs. We extracted genomic DNA from and performed next generation sequencing on the 5 samples with unmutated Q6W7 and A24V25Y26 motifs using a customized capture library (SureSelectXT Target Enrichment System, Aqilent Technologies) covering genes involved in lymphomagenesis. The purified libraries were sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq500 platform at AGRF (Australian Genome Research Facility, Australia). Several genes (FCGR3A,NOTCH2andNOTCH2NLR) had mutations in all 5 samples.FCGR3Ais an IgG Fc receptor gene, and mutations inFCGR3Ahave previously been linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).NOTCH2pathway genes are frequently mutated in DLBCL.CREBBPwas mutated in four of the five samples. Mutations inCREBBPhave previously been linked with DLBCL development and regulation of immune responses. We identified high rates of IgVH4-34 (23%) in our cohort of fresh samples as previously reported. Further, we noted preservation of the Q6W7 and A24V25Y26 motifs in IgVH4-34-expressing DLBCL. This over-representation of unmutated FR1 motifs suggests that the ability to recognise self-antigens likely provides important ongoing BCR signalling that promotes survival in DLBCL. This study also highlights the difficulties in conducting DNA-based research on FFPE clinical samples which have not been collected for research purposes and the importance of tissue banking fresh samples. Studies are currently being conducted into the efficacy of BCR pathway inhibitors e.g. ibrutinib in the treatment of DLBCL and testing for unmutated IgVH4-34 FR1 motifs may present a method to predict patients who are more likely to respond. Mutations in genes such as FCGR3A,NOTCH2andCREBBPmay work in conjunction with the preserved QW and AVY motifs to promote lymphomagenesis in IgVH4-34-expressing B cells and may present targets for future research into treatment therapies. Figure Disclosures Talaulikar: Roche:Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding;Janssen:Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau;Amgen:Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding;Takeda:Research Funding.
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Gan, Connie CR, and Febi Dwirahmadi. "HOW CAN THE PUBLIC BE BETTER PROTECTED AGAINST COVID-19?" Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi 8, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbe.v8i22020.97-99.
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INTRODUCTIONThe response to the COVID-19 pandemic is a tragic aberration gripping the world. As the disease evolves, uncertainty and fear of harm rise, which can significantly diminish community health and wellbeing. This article stresses the importance of public health preparedness in overcoming social and health risks associated with public panic.Since the COVID-19 outbreak began in late 2019, the numbers of people affected and fatalities continue to mount, causing panic and crippling vital economic and social activities. Authorities have failed to prevent inaccurate and misleading headlines that agitate the public and impinge on public communication. Fake news and rumors about magical products claiming to cure the virus abound. Additionally, people assumed emergency preparation meant stockpiling resources. Amid growing fears, consumers raided supermarkets and pharmacies for supplies, from masks to hygiene products, and people have fought over protective gear as tensions flared among anxious customers.When general panic starts driving political decision-making, public health professionals may be unable to implement strategies based on informed decisions. Researchers argue that government secrecy and non-transparency diminish people’s confidence and trust, creating panic (Wilson et al., 2007). Even naming the disease possibly triggered epidemic-related trauma and the ensuing public mistrust and disbelief of authorities; the panic has also sparked a wave of racial prejudice (Titanji, 2020). Although a series of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, from Avian flu to Zika virus, may have created more public awareness, whether leaders can translate this newfound awareness into meaningful policies and action is debatable.Globally, attention is growing on responses from state leaders, as some try to downplay the epidemic’s severity to maintain “business as usual”. In early March 2020, the Indonesian government was still in a state of denial and was attempting to convince the general public that the country was free from COVID-19 (Lindsey & Mann, 2020) Instead, currently confirmed cases are growing rapidly, suspected cases are far above the testing capacity, and case fatality is at an alarming rate.In contrast, several countries took drastic action by declaring travel restrictions and locking down cities. As an example, New Zealand decided to implement level-4 measures, with strict movement restrictions, not long after they confirmed their first case on 28 February 2020; they have recently begun a gradual exit from coronavirus lockdown (Knight, 2020).The public expects leaders to curb the spread of COVID-19 responsibly, appropriately, effectively, and proactively. Meanwhile, leaders are urging the public to stay calm and adopt new norms during this rapidly evolving situation. This crisis is not limited to any individual and requires cooperation rather than a unilateral response. DISCUSSIONHow to do this?A critical approach to pandemics is to ensure the preparedness of both healthcare capacity and public health systems (Jain, Duse, & Bausch, 2018). To respond to emergency needs—to have the capacity to treat rapidly increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients—it is important for each country to have existing policies and action plans for healthcare facilities to temporarily expand service capacity, cancel or postpone elective procedures, and engage in rapid intervention to conserve medical supplies, including personal protective equipment (Gan, Tseng, & Lee, 2020). Measures including recalling recently retired healthcare workers and providing drive-through services for chronic disease medications have been implemented to lessen pressures on hospitals (Wang, Ng, & Brook, 2020).While healthcare capacity is the ability to care for patients with COVID-19, the public health system aims to prevent people from being infected and mitigating the health risks associated with COVID-19. The public health system is important for strengthening community vigilance by promoting effective sanitation, a healthy lifestyle, and food safety, and preventing injuries, inequality, and violence. This involves not only healthcare professionals, but also well-planned strategies that consider various stakeholders’ perspectives and concerns (Glik, 2007). Despite the lockdown, we have seen healthcare workers and people in the community providing the basic essentials for those in need—from food, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), mental health support, and evidence-based research communication, to virtual musical performances and concerts. Organizations in the virtual sphere, including WhatsApp (WhatsApp Inc, 2020) and TikTok, are partnering with health agencies to increase accessibility to health information.The best outbreak response is a collective response (Gille & Brall, 2020), which could effectively contain the disease and the panic caused by the disease. People naturally experience fear when dealing with a catastrophic event. This unprecedented threat triggered panic purchasing or falling for viral hoaxes, which reflects misconceptions about the problem, most likely because people lack trust in the measures taken (Heide, 2004), When designing and implementing public health measures, we must ensure we do not just acknowledge that, but actively engage relevant stakeholders. In an age of uncertainty, community solidarity and collective action are key to maintaining community vigilance against the crisis (Aldrich et al., 2015).
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Edwin Kimutai, Kanda, Kipkorir Emmanuel Chessum, and Kosgei Job Rotich. "Dissolved oxygen modelling using artificial neural network: a case of River Nzoia, Lake Victoria basin, Kenya." Journal of Water Security 2, no. 1 (November 4, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/jws.2016.004.
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River Nzoia in Kenya, due to its role in transporting industrial and municipal wastes in addition to agricultural runoff to Lake Victoria, is vulnerable to pollution. Dissolved oxygen is one of the most important indicators of water pollution. Artificial neural network (ANN) has gained popularity in water quality forecasting. This study aimed at assessing the ability of ANN to predict dissolved oxygen using four input variables of temperature, turbidity, pH and electrical conductivity. Multilayer perceptron network architecture was used in this study. The data consisted of 113 monthly values for the input variables and output variable from 2009–2013 which were split into training and testing datasets. The results obtained during training and testing were satisfactory with R2 varying from 0.79 to 0.94 and RMSE values ranging from 0.34 to 0.64 mg/l which imply that ANN can be used as a monitoring tool in the prediction of dissolved oxygen for River Nzoia considering the non-correlational relationship of the input and output variables. The dissolved oxygen values follow seasonal trend with low values during dry periods.
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Reis, Katherine S., Shannon L. M. Heald, John P. Veillette, Stephen C. Van Hedger, and Howard C. Nusbaum. "Individual differences in human frequency-following response predict pitch labeling ability." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (July 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93312-7.
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AbstractThe frequency-following response (FFR) provides a measure of phase-locked auditory encoding in humans and has been used to study subcortical processing in the auditory system. While effects of experience on the FFR have been reported, few studies have examined whether individual differences in early sensory encoding have measurable effects on human performance. Absolute pitch (AP), the rare ability to label musical notes without reference notes, provides an excellent model system for testing how early neural encoding supports specialized auditory skills. Results show that the FFR predicts pitch labelling performance better than traditional measures related to AP (age of music onset, tonal language experience, pitch adjustment and just-noticeable-difference scores). Moreover, the stimulus type used to elicit the FFR (tones or speech) impacts predictive performance in a manner that is consistent with prior research. Additionally, the FFR predicts labelling performance for piano tones better than unfamiliar sine tones. Taken together, the FFR reliably distinguishes individuals based on their explicit pitch labeling abilities, which highlights the complex dynamics between sensory processing and cognition.
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Silva, Nilson Ribeiro dos Santos, Felipe Gabriel Rizardi, Rafael Akira Fujita, Marina Mello Villalba, and Matheus Machado Gomes. "Preferred Music Genre Benefits During Strength Tests: Increased Maximal Strength and Strength-Endurance and Reduced Perceived Exertion." Perceptual and Motor Skills, July 28, 2020, 003151252094508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512520945084.
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The ability to increase muscle strength seems to be influenced by extrinsic factors such as the characteristics of an exercise environment. Given that many people train while listening to music, the music environment is an important research topic. However, no studies have investigated whether a preferred music genre differentially affects strength production when compared to a non-preferred music genre. This study evaluated the influence of listening to varied conditions of musical genre preference on maximal strength and strength-endurance testing, and on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). We submitted 20 young men to three different listening conditions during strength testing: (a) preferred music genre (PMG), (b) non-preferred music genre (NPMG), and (c) no music (NM), with the order of these conditions randomized. We measured maximal strength with a handgrip dynamometer, strength-endurance through the participant’s maximal repetition execution in the lat-pulldown exercise, and RPE by participant-completed Borg’s scales at the end of the strength tests. Using three-way analyses of variances (ANOVAs) and a significance level of p < 0.05, we found that participants produced higher maximal strength, performed more repetitions of the lat-pulldown exercise, and reported decreased RPE in the PMG condition, compared to the NPMG (maximal strength p < 0.01, strength-endurance p < 0.01, RPE p = 0.016) and NM (maximal strength p < 0.01, strength-endurance p < 0.01, RPE p = 0.023) conditions. Individually determined PMG appears to improve maximal strength and strength-endurance performance during exercise, and to decrease RPE in the PMG condition.
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Mehrun Nisa, Saeed Ahmad Buzdar, Muhammad Arshad Javid, Muhamamd Saeed Ahmad, Ayesha Ikhlaq, and Sadia Riaz. "Machine vision-based Statistical texture analysis techniques for characterization of liver tissues using CT images." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, April 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.4138.
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Objective: To characterize human liver tissues by demonstrating the ability of machine vision, and to propose a new auto-generated report based on texture analysis that may work with co-occurrence matrix statistics. Method: The retrospective study was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), Bahawalpur, Pakistan, and comprised clinically verified computed tomography imaging data between October 2018 and September 2020. The image samples and related data were used to segregate classes 1-4. Appropriate image classes belonging to the same disease were trained to confirm the abnormalities in liver tissues using supervised learning methods, principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and non-linear discriminant analysis. Robust and reliable texture features were investigated by generating testing classes. Overall performance of the presented machine vision approach was analyzed using four parameters; precision, recall/sensitivity, F1-score, and accuracy. Statistical analysis was done using B11 software. Results: There were 312 image samples from 71 patients; 51(71.8%) males and 20(28.2%) females. Among the patients, 19(26.7%) had abscess, 15(21.1%) had metastatic disease, 23(32.4%) had tumour necrosis, 6(8.5%) had vascular disorder, and 8(11.3%) were normal. Principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and non-linear discriminant analysis showed high >97.86% values, but the discrimination rate was 100% for class 4. Conclusion: Abnormalities in the human liver could be discriminated and diagnosed by texture analysis techniques using second-order statistics that may assist the radiologist and medical physicists in predicting the severity and proliferation of abnormalities in liver diseases. Key Words: Liver abscess, Computed tomography imaging, Liver diseases, Image processing.