Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Music – Acoustics and physics'
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Baumbusch, Brian. "The lightbulb project| New music for new percussion instruments." Thesis, Mills College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1549992.
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This thesis is about the process behind building, tuning, and composing music for a new set of metallophones called the "Lightbulb" instruments. This project began in 2011 and has continued to expand over the past two years: the first piece to be written for the instruments is titled Prana, and this thesis describes how the process of building and tuning the instruments informed the compositional process behind Prana. The premiere of Prana led to the formation of the Lightbulb Ensemble, which performs on these new instruments. The instruments and the group continue to develop.
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Wolfe, Brian Thomas. "An analysis of texture, timbre, and rhythm in relation to form in Magnus Lindberg's "Gran Duo"." Thesis, The University of Oklahoma, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3592105.
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Gran Duo (1999-2000) by Magnus Lindberg (b. 1958) is the result of a commission by Sir Simon Rattle, former conductor of the City of Birmingham (England) Symphony Orchestra, and the Royal Festival Hall to commemorate the third millennium. Composed for twenty-four woodwinds and brass, Lindberg divides the woodwind and brass families into eight characters that serve as participants in an attentive twenty-minute conversation.
The document includes biographical information about the composition to further understand Lindberg’s writing style. The composer’s use of computer-assisted composition techniques inspires an alternative structural analysis of Gran Duo. Spectral graphs provide a supplementary tool for score study assisting with the verification of formal structural elements. A tempo chart allows the conductor to easily identify form and tempo relationships between each of the nineteen sections throughout the five-movement composition.
In order to reveal character areas and their relation to the structure of the work, the analysis of texture, timbre, and rhythm reveal the formal structure of the composition, which reflects a conversation between the brass and woodwinds in this setting for wind instruments.
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Parris, Stephen. "Towards a harmonic approach to composing for central Javanese gamelan." Thesis, Mills College, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1589493.
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The purpose of this thesis is to share the process behind the development of an approach to composing for central Javanese gamelans that utilizes vertical harmony. This paper will include my history with Javanese gamelan, work on the development of a piano tuning that would work with a gamelan, compositional works that led to the development of the system, a study of existing Javanese gamelan tunings, and a presentation of intervallic relationships and cadences that can be utilized with any gamelan. All of this is done with hope that others who may take interest in writing for central Javanese gamelan will have a new tool at their disposal, and to pique the interest of others in the rich world of possibilities that exist within the instruments.
There is also an explanation of the process of developing a piano tuning to be used with a traditional gamelan to perform the Concerto for PIano And Javanese Gamelan by Lou Harrison.
There is some brief discussion on the cognition of interval, and how the brain simplifies complex intervals, and begins to hear them as more simple intervals.
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Tocheff, Robert Dale. "Acoustical placement of voices in choral formations /." Connect to resource, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1248976452.
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Advocat, Amy. "[A] New tonal world: The Bohlen-Pierce Scale." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96150.
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This paper compares the Bohlen-Pierce scale to other octave and nonoctave-based tuning systems, drawing parallels between it and the widely used 12-equal temperament. These parallels lead to the hypothesis that there can be a set ofharmonic mIes applicable to the Bohlen-Pierce scale that are analogous to the CUITent musical practice. Those theorized mIes are then applied to some examples of the growing body of musical compositions wrtten in the BohlenPierce scale. Aiso included are supportive arguments for a preference of the use of odd-partial timbres in performance of this scale, which make the invention of the Bohlen-Pierce clarinet a major tuming point in the scale's development. Sorne of the musical works studied were written specifically for this author's performance on the Bohlen-Pierce clarinet.Ce document compare la gamme Bohlen-Pierce d'autres systmes d'accord octave et non-octave-bass, tablissant des parallles entre soi et le systme la plus utilis, temprament de I2-gal. Ces parallles mnent la possibilit qu'il peut tre des rgles harmoniques applicables la gamme BohlenPierce qui sont analogues la pratique musicale courante. Ces rgles thorises sont alors appliques quelques exemples du corps croissant de compositions musicales crites la gamme Bohlen-Pierce. Il-y-a aussi inclus des arguments qui support la prfrence d'utilisation des timbres impair-partiels dans la performance de cette gamme, qui ferait l'invention de la clarinette Bohlen-Pierce un point tournant majeur dans la dveloppement de cette gamme. Certains compositions etudi a t ecris pour la prformance sur clarinet Bohlen-Pierce par cette auteure .
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Birnbaum, David M. "Musical vibrotactile feedback." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101876.
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This thesis discusses the prospect of integrating vibrotactile feedback into digital musical instruments. A holistic approach is taken, considering the role of new instruments in electronic music, as well as the concept of touch in culture and experience. Research about the human biological systems that enable vibrotactile perception is reviewed, with a special focus on its relevance to music. Out of this review, an approach to vibration synthesis is developed that integrates the current understanding of human vibrotactile perception. An account of musical vibrotactile interaction design is presented, which includes the implementation of a vibrotactile feedback synthesizer and the construction of two hardware prototypes that display musical vibration.
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Jeon, Woojay. "Pitch detection of polyphonic music using constrained optimization." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15802.
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Warneke, Andrew Travis. "An evaluation of the efficacy of digital real-time noise control techniques in evoking the musical effect." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020158.
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This study sought to determine whether or not it may be possible to evoke ‘the musical effect' – the emotional response perceived by music listeners – using white noise as a sound-source and real-time digital signal processing techniques. This information was considered to be valuable as in a world driven by technological progress the potential use of new or different technologies in creating music could lead to the development of new methods of – and tools for – composition and performance. More specifically this research asked the question 'what is music?' and investigated how humans – both trained musicians and untrained people – perceive it. The elements of music were investigated for their affective strengths and new fields of research explored for insights into emotion identification in music. Thereafter the focus shifted into the realm of Digital Signal Processing. Common operations and techniques for signal manipulation were investigated and an understanding of the field as a whole was sought. The culmination of these two separate, yet related, investigations was the design and implementation of a listening experiment conducted on adult subjects. They were asked to listen to various manipulated noise-signals and answer a questionnaire with regard to their perceptions of the audio material. The data from the listening experiment suggest that certain DSP techniques can evoke ‘the musical effect’. Various musical elements were represented via digital techniques and in many cases respondents reported perceptions which suggest that some effect was felt. The techniques implemented and musical elements represented were discussed, and possible applications for these techniques, both musical and non-musical, were explored. Areas for further research were discussed and include the implementation of even more DSP techniques, and also into garnering a more specific idea of the emotion perceived by respondents in response to the experiment material.
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Corey, Jason Andrew. "An integrated system for dynamic control of auditory perspective in a multichannel sound field /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38474.
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An integrated system providing dynamic control of sound source azimuth, distance and proximity to a room boundary within a simulated acoustic space is proposed for use in multichannel music and film sound production. The system has been investigated, implemented, and psychoacoustically tested within the ITU-R BS.775 recommended five-channel (3/2) loudspeaker layout. The work brings together physical and perceptual models of room simulation to allow dynamic placement of virtual sound sources at any location of a simulated space within the horizontal plane.The control system incorporates a number of modules including simulated room modes, "fuzzy" sources, and tracking early reflections, whose parameters are dynamically changed according to sound source location within the simulated space. The control functions of the basic elements, derived from theories of perception of a source in a real room, have been carefully tuned to provide efficient, effective, and intuitive control of a sound source's perceived location.
Seven formal listening tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm design choices. The tests evaluated: (1) loudness calibration of multichannel sound images; (2) the effectiveness of distance control; (3) the resolution of distance control provided by the system; (4) the effectiveness of the proposed system when compared to a commercially available multichannel room simulation system in terms of control of source distance and proximity to a room boundary; (5) the role of tracking early reflection patterns on the perception of sound source distance; (6) the role of tracking early reflection patterns on the perception of lateral phantom images.
The listening tests confirm the effectiveness of the system for control of perceived sound source distance, proximity to room boundaries, and azimuth, through fine, dynamic adjustment of parameters according to source location. All of the parameters are grouped and controlled together to create a perceptually strong impression of source location and movement within a simulated space.
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Usher, John S. "Subjective evaluation and electroacoustic theoretical validation of a new approach to audio upmixing." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102741.
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Audio signal processing systems for converting two-channel (stereo) recordings to four or five channels are increasingly relevant. These audio upmixers can be used with conventional stereo sound recordings and reproduced with multichannel home theatre or automotive loudspeaker audio systems to create a more engaging and natural-sounding listening experience. This dissertation discusses existing approaches to audio upmixing for recordings of musical performances and presents specific design criteria for a system to enhance spatial sound quality. A new upmixing system is proposed and evaluated according to these criteria and a theoretical model for its behavior is validated using empirical measurements.The new system removes short-term correlated components from two electronic audio signals using a pair of adaptive filters, updated according to a frequency domain implementation of the normalized-least-means-square algorithm. The major difference of the new system with all extant audio upmixers is that unsupervised time-alignment of the input signals (typically, by up to +/-10 ms) as a function of frequency (typically, using a 1024-band equalizer) is accomplished due to the non-minimum phase adaptive filter. Two new signals are created from the weighted difference of the inputs, and are then radiated with two loudspeakers behind the listener. According to the consensus in the literature on the effect of interaural correlation on auditory image formation, the self-orthogonalizing properties of the algorithm ensure minimal distortion of the frontal source imagery and natural-sounding, enveloping reverberance (ambiance) imagery.
Performance evaluation of the new upmix system was accomplished in two ways: Firstly, using empirical electroacoustic measurements which validate a theoretical model of the system; and secondly, with formal listening tests which investigated auditory spatial imagery with a graphical mapping tool and a preference experiment. Both electroacoustic and subjective methods investigated system performance with a variety of test stimuli for solo musical performances reproduced using a loudspeaker in an orchestral concert-hall and recorded using different microphone techniques.
The objective and subjective evaluations combined with a comparative study with two commercial systems demonstrate that the proposed system provides a new, computationally practical, high sound quality solution to upmixing.
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Quist, Amanda Renee. "Choral Resonance: Re-Examining Concepts of Tone and Unification." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9049/.
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Resonant singing creates possibilities with dynamic shading, subtlety of phrasing, and rich vibrant tone that astonishes listeners. Choral singing that employs resonance as a fundamental ensemble virtue yields impressive results that lend themselves well to the varying demands of any choral score. Fortunately, choruses of every level can benefit from an increased understanding of the basic principles of resonance in the singing voice. Research on issues of upper partial energy and the presence of the singer's formant in a choral ensemble has been limited in approach. Many published studies regarding upper partial energy in the choral ensemble are based on what the ensemble is already doing, which is linked to the teaching of that specific director and that specific choir. Research must include a wider range of aesthetic choices with regard to choral unification. Through examining spectrograms that represent the sound of some of the most renowned choirs, it is possible to see that many of these ensembles are producing tone that contains a high level of upper formant energy. Interviews with established conductors reveal approaches and teaching methodologies that reinforce this type of singing. It is possible to teach the individuals in a choir to increase the level of resonance in their voices, creating a collective sound containing a vibrancy that is easier to tune and unify. This paper explores resonance in choral singing by first explaining the basic principles of sound production, then defining a resonant tone as one containing the strong presence in the upper partials generally associated with classically trained singers, and finally discussing how this type of resonance is developed in choirs.
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Kosek, Paul C. "Improved analysis of musical sounds using time-frequency distributions." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83189.
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The objective of this research is to improve the analysis of musical sounds in comparison to traditional additive analysis, i.e. Fourier Analysis. Namely, the focus of this study is to improve the tracking of time-evolving partials. Traditional analysis methods assume constant amplitudes and frequencies over each successive frame in which a signal is analyzed. Tracking the time-evolution of these partials, however, can require the implementation of complex probabilistic techniques. This thesis presents an alternative method in which the Ambiguity Function, a distribution in both time and frequency, is used to create a clearer, more accurate representation that requires fewer complex methods to track partials. Through the use of a more accurate spectral representation and the inclusion of a chirp rate parameter, partials may be more readily followed based upon spectral parameters alone. This new method that is presented will build upon the traditional methods by first employing Fourier analysis to identify partials, and then utilizing the Analytic Signal and Ambiguity Function to improve individual spectral parameter estimations and partial tracking. The overall intent of this work is that through this method, one may create an improved spectral model that is more useful to musical analysis.
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Ferguson, Robert W. III. "Automatic segmentation in concert recordings." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81489.
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"...music is an art that exists in point of time." Aaron Copland, What to Listen for in MusicFew definitions are adequate to describe music, but a "point of time" is a concept with which people are familiar. When musicians give concerts they try to create these points in a context, which allows the audience to observe each moment by itself. Concert practice has developed to define the edges of musical points, guided by cues such as clapping, pauses, and concert program notes.
This masters thesis investigates how to analyze concert recordings of Western music and their program notes to produce segments which best fit the boundaries of musical points. Modern segmentation techniques are reviewed and a new method specific to concert recordings is examined.
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Botha, Alison. "A survey of the development of pitch perception theories, their application to bell sounds and an investigation of perceived differences between ringing and chiming bells." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002296.
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A brief overview of the workings of the human auditory system is followed by a review of literature concerning both the theories and experimental investigations of human pitch perception. The application of these theories to the inharmonic complex tones produced by bells is discussed, and further experiments using bell sounds are reviewed. A methodology for psychoacoustic experiments with specific reference to those investigating pitch perception of inharmonic complex tones is presented. This methodology is then implemented in an experimental investigation of pitch perception of ringing and chiming bell sounds. A pitch matching experiment using ringing and chiming sounds from four bells aimed to determine perceived pitch differences between ringing and chiming bells. This experiment was inconclusive because insufficient data was collected. Known experimental results, such as the inability of non-musicians to match the pitches of sounds with different timbres were confirmed. Spectral analyses of the stimuli were performed. The presentation of stimuli at a low level of sensation is questioned, as this might have prevented pseudo high frequency noise resulting from stronger upper partials in the ringing sound from being audible, and hence the pitch differences between ringing and chiming bells would not be observed.
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Abbott, Carol A. "A 21st Century Investigation of the Historical, Musical and Acoustical Contexts of a 19th Century Comic Opera, Schermania in America, Composed by Dr. Gabriel Miesse, Jr." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1303937248.
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Karatsovis, Christos. "Acoustic features of piano sounds." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/333304/.
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To date efforts of music transcription indicate the need for modelling the data signal in a more comprehensive manner in order to improve the transcription process of music performances. This research work is concerned with the investigation of two features associated with the reproduced sound of a piano; the inharmonicity factor of the piano strings and the double decay rate of the resulting sound. Firstly, a simple model of the inharmonicity is proposed and the factors that affect the modelled signal are identified, such as the magnitude of the inharmonicity, the number of harmonics, the time parameter, the phase characteristics and the harmonic amplitudes. A formation of a socalled “one-sided” effect appears in simulated signals, although this effect is obscured in real recordings potentially due to the non-uniformly varying amplitudes of the harmonic terms. This effect is also discussed through the use of the cepstrum by analysing real piano note recordings and synthesized signals. The cepstrum is further used to describe the effect of the coupled behaviour of two strings through digital waveguides. Secondly, the double decay rate effect is modelled through coupled oscillators and digital waveguides. A physical model of multiple strings is also presented as an extension to the simple model of coupled oscillators and various measurements on a real grand piano are carried out in order to investigate the coupling mechanism between the strings, the soundboard and the bridge. Finally, a model, with reduced dimensionality, is proposed to represent the signal model for single and multiple notes formulated around a Bayesian framework. The potential of such a model is illustrated with the transcription of simple examples of real monophonic and polyphonic piano recordings by implementing the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and Gibbs sampler for multivariate parameter estimation.
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McCorkle, Tricia Dawn. "Math, music, and membranes: A historical survey of the question "can one hear the shape of a drum"?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2933.
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In 1966 Mark Kac posed an interesting question regarding vibrating membranes and the sounds they make. His article entitled "Can One Hear the Shape of a Drum?", which appeared in The American Mathematical Monthly, generated much interest and scholarly debate. The evolution of Kac's intriguing question will be the subject of this project.
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Verster, Charl Pierre Franscois. "Investigation of a Sweep Technique for Microphone Placement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96703.
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Schoonderwaldt, Erwin. "Mechanics and acoustics of violin bowing : Freedom, constraints and control in performance." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Datavetenskap och kommunikation, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9826.
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Thibault, François. "High-level control of singing voice timbre transformations." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81514.
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The sustained increase in computing performance over the last decades has brought enough computing power to perform significant audio processing in affordable personal computers. Following this revolution, we have witnessed a series of improvements in sound transformation techniques and the introduction of numerous digital audio effects to modify effectively the time, pitch, and loudness dimensions of audio signals. Due to the complex and multi-dimensional nature of timbre however, it is significantly more difficult to achieve meaningful and convincing qualitative transformations. The tools currently available for timbre modifications (e.g. equalizers) do not operate along perceptually meaningful axes of singing voice timbre (e.g. breathiness, roughness, etc.) resulting in a transformation control problem. One of the goals of this work is to examine more intuitive procedures to achieve high-fidelity qualitative transformations explicitly controlling certain dimensions of singing voice timbre. Quantitative measurements (i.e. voice timbre descriptors) are introduced and used as high-level controls in an adaptive processing system dependent on the characteristics observed in the input signal.The transformation methods use a harmonic plus noise representation from which voice timbre descriptors are derived. This higher-level representation, closer to our perception of voice timbre, offers more intuitive controls over timbre transformations. The topics of parametric voice modeling and timbre descriptor computation are first introduced, followed by a study of the acoustical impacts of voice breathiness variations. A timbre transformation system operating specifically on the singing voice quality is then introduced with accompanying software implementations, including an example digital audio effect for the control and modification of the breathiness quality on normal voices.
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Colburn, Steven. "Amateur concert filming for YouTube : recalibrating the live music experience in an age of amateur reproduction." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/46412/.
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This thesis explores the recent phenomenon of music concert goers filming these concerts and uploading the footage to YouTube. This contemporary practice poses several questions of the nature of contemporary music culture. The status of the concert as live event is problematised by this mediation of the experience. The videos create producers of fans and allow these fans to make a substantive contribution to music culture as authors of music texts consumed through a major distribution network. The fact that these fans are not paid for their efforts begs the question as to what they gain from this enterprise; particularly as it serves as a distraction for filmers from the immersive concert experience. This thesis will use the work of Walter Benjamin on the ‘aura' as a yardstick against which to judge current attitudes amongst music fans as to the status of live music alongside other ways of experiencing music. The thesis will also offer a contemporary reappraisal of Pierre Bourdieu's concept of ‘cultural capital' that accounts for the recognition that filmers receive from other music fans for their efforts in filming concerts. Concerts are restricted spaces in which music is simultaneously produced and consumed. Broadcasting videos of these events on YouTube provides recognition for filmers both for having attended and managed to capture footage to be shared with those unable to attend for various reasons. Filmers are not paid for their efforts and so this recognition serves as a form of cultural capital in lieu of financial reward. The thesis is based upon interviews with a global sample of music fans who either film concerts or watch these films on YouTube.
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Maiorino, Alexandre Virginelli 1972. "Influência acústica de concha orquestral na área da plateia de teatro de múltiplo uso." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258541.
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Orientador: Stelamaris Rolla BertoliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T06:13:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maiorino_AlexandreVirginelli_M.pdf: 20810001 bytes, checksum: 874af06d3cad4ebebbbda0ac07b75cd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A construção de Teatros para Múltiplo uso tem se tornado cada vez mais comum devido à necessidade de abrigar diversos tipos de espetáculos em um único espaço. Para adequar à acústica destes espaços para a música orquestral é necessário o uso de elementos que possibilitem a variação acústica do espaço como é o caso de conchas de orquestra. O principal objetivo das conchas de orquestra é melhorar a acústica no palco para os músicos e para o maestro, melhorando a sensação de conjunto e fazendo com que os músicos ouçam melhor seus instrumentos e o grupo em geral. Entretanto, a concha de orquestra pode também melhorar o desempenho acústico da área da platéia. A hipótese deste trabalho foi o de analisar a diferença do desempenho acústico percebido na área da platéia devido à inclusão de uma concha de orquestra no palco de um teatro de múltiplo uso. Medições acústicas foram realizadas em cinco diferentes tipos de montagem da concha de orquestra no palco. As medições foram feitas de acordo com a norma ISO 3382-1 (2009). Os parâmetros acústicos medidos foram o Tempo de Reverberação, Tempo Inicial de Decaimento e Índice de Clareza. Os resultados mostraram que a concha de orquestra pode de fato mudar o desempenho acústico na área da platéia, modificando a percepção acústica subjetiva do ambiente
Abstract: The construction of multiple use theatres is becoming more common due to the need to accommodate different kinds of performances at the same space. In order to acoustically adequate this space to concert music, the inclusion of an orchestra shell becomes necessary. The main objective of an orchestra shell is to improve the acoustic quality on stage, both for musicians and for the conductor. The goal is to improve balance of the group allowing musicians to hear themselves and the orchestra better. However, the orchestra shell can also improve the acoustic quality for the audience. The objective of this study was to analyze the difference of the acoustic performance perceived at the audience area with the inclusion of a lightweight orchestra shell with diffuse surface in a proscenium theatre. Acoustic measurements were done in five different assembles of the orchestra shell. Measurements were done using the impulse response technique according to ISO3382-1 (2009). Measured parameters were Reverberation Time, Early Decay Time and Clarity index. Results showed that the orchestra shell can in fact modify the acoustic performance at audience area, changing the subjective acoustic perception of the space
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Dribus, John Alexander. "Characterizing Noise and Harmonicity: The Structural Function of Contrasting Sonic Components in Electronic Composition." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30427/.
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This dissertation examines the role of noise in shaping the form of several recent musical compositions. This study demonstrates how the contrast of noisy sounds and harmonic sounds can impact the structure of compositions. Depending on context, however, the specific use and function of noise can vary substantially from one work to the next. The first portion of this paper describes methods for quantifying noise content using FFT analysis procedures. A number of tests on instrumental and synthetic sound sources are described in order to demonstrate how the analysis system may react to certain sounds. The second part of this document consists of several analyses of whole musical works. Works for acoustic instruments are examined first, followed by works for electronic media. During these analyses, it becomes clear that while the use of noise in each work is based largely upon context, some common patterns do exist across different works. The final portion of the paper examines an original work which was written with the function of noise specifically in mind. The original work is put through the same analysis procedures as works seen earlier in the paper, and some conclusions are drawn regarding both the possibilities and limitations of noise analysis as a compositional tool.
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Tsiappoutas, Kyriakos Michael. "Statistical Spectral Parameter Estimation of Acoustic Signals with Applications to Byzantine Music." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1358.
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Digitized acoustical signals of Byzantine music performed by Iakovos Nafpliotis are used to extract the fundamental frequency of each note of the diatonic scale. These empirical results are then contrasted to the theoretical suggestions and previous empirical findings. Several parametric and non-parametric spectral parameter estimation methods are implemented. These include: (1) Phase vocoder method, (2) McAulay-Quatieri method, (3) Levinson-Durbin algorithm,(4) YIN, (5) Quinn & Fernandes Estimator, (6) Pisarenko Frequency Estimator, (7) MUltiple SIgnal Characterization (MUSIC) algorithm, (8) Periodogram method, (9) Quinn & Fernandes Filtered Periodogram, (10) Rife & Vincent Estimator, and (11) the Fourier transform. Algorithm performance was very precise. The psychophysical aspect of human pitch discrimination is explored. The results of eight (8) psychoacoustical experiments were used to determine the aural just noticeable difference (jnd) in pitch and deduce patterns utilized to customize acceptable performable pitch deviation to the application at hand. These customizations [Acceptable Performance Difference (a new measure of frequency differential acceptability), Perceptual Confidence Intervals (a new concept of confidence intervals based on psychophysical experiment rather than statistics of performance data), and one based purely on music-theoretical asymphony] are proposed, discussed, and used in interpretation of results. The results suggest that Nafpliotis' intervals are closer to just intonation than Byzantine theory (with minor exceptions), something not generally found in Thrasivoulos Stanitsas' data. Nafpliotis' perfect fifth is identical to the just intonation, even though he overstretches his octaveby fifteen (15)cents. His perfect fourth is also more just, as opposed to Stanitsas' fourth which is directionally opposite. Stanitsas' tendency to exaggerate the major third interval A4-F4 is still seen in Nafpliotis, but curbed. This is the only noteworthy departure from just intonation, with Nafpliotis being exactly Chrysanthian (the most exaggerated theoretical suggestion of all) and Stanitsas overstretching it even more than Nafpliotis and Chrysanth. Nafpliotis ascends in the second tetrachord more robustly diatonically than Stanitsas. The results are reported and interpreted within the framework of Acceptable Performance Differences.
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Ploeger, Daniël. "Sonified freaks and sounding prostheses : sonic representation of bodies in performance art." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/43348/.
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This study is concerned with the role of sound in the presentation and representation of bodies in performance art that incorporates digital technologies. It consists of a written thesis accompanied by a portfolio with documentation of original artwork. Since the 1960s, performance artists have explored the use of sensor technologies to register signals generated by the body and synthesize or control sound. However, both practical and theoretical approaches to biosignal sonification in this field have almost entirely focused on musical (formalist) perspectives, technological innovation, or heightening the performer's and spectator's awareness of their body's physiology. Little attention has been paid to the usually conspicuous interaction between body and technological equipment and the role of the generated sound in the context of cultural critical debates regarding the performing body. The present study responds to this observation in two ways: Firstly, the written part of the study examines existing biosignal performance practices. It seeks to demonstrate that artists' decisions on the design of sensor technology and sound synthesis or manipulation methods are often complicit in the representation of normative body types and behaviour. Drawing from a concept of the sonified body as a transgressive or ‘freak' body, three critical perspectives on biosignal sonification in digital performance are proposed: A reading of body sonification methods from a gender-critical perspective, an inquiry in the context of Mikhail Bakhtin's concepts of the grotesque and the classical body, and a conceptualization of the sonified body as a posthuman prosthetisized body. This part of the study serves as a framework for its second objective: the development of practical performance strategies to address and challenge cultural conventions concerning ‘the' body's form and role in society. This aspect of the thesis is developed in conjunction with, and further explored in, the artwork documented in the portfolio. The practical part of the study consists of three digital performance works. ELECTRODE (2011) involves an anal electrode that registers the activity of my sphincter muscle and uses this data to synthesize sound. For this work, I modified a commercially available muscle tension sensor device designed for people with faecal incontinence problems. Feedback (2010) encompasses components of a commercially available fetal Doppler sensor intended to listen to the heartbeat of unborn babies. SUIT (2009-2010) encompasses several performances that feature a PVC overall equipped with a loudspeaker, sensor interface and Doppler and humidity sensors.
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Blamey, Peter J. "Sine waves and simple acoustic phenomena in experimental music : with special reference to the work of La Monte Young and Alvin Lucier /." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/25659.
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This thesis explores a series of relationships between music and acoustics in order to develop a basis for discussing and critiquing aesthetics in post-Cagean experimental music. Specifically, it examines the acoustic and aesthetic theories that inform the practice of American composers La Monte Young and Alvin Lucier. One particular theme - the sine wave - emerges, both as a prominent feature in the work of these two composers, and also as a nexus point between music and acoustics. Pursuing this theme, the thesis begins by looking at issues in the science, technology, and ideology of acoustics in relation to the study of musical sound in the late nineteenth century. It then aims to situate the sine wave historically, culturally and technologically within a range of scientific and aesthetic practices in operation in the first half of the twentieth century. Finally, it explores the deployment of concepts from the field of acoustics by artists of the avant-garde, and considers what contribution these factors played in broadening the developing discourse of sound within the arts. These discussions then inform detailed investigations into the work of both Lucier and Young, examining their use of sine waves to explore and produce simple acoustic phenomena.
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Rauhe, Hermann, Hans-Peter Reinecke, and Wilfried Ribke. "Hören und Verstehen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-86565.
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FONTANA, Federico. "Physics-based models for the acoustic representation of space in virtual environments." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Verona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/342240.
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In questo lavoro sono state affrontate alcune questioni inserite nel tema più generale della rappresentazione di scene e ambienti virtuali in contesti d’interazione uomo-macchina, nei quali la modalità acustica costituisca parte integrante o prevalente dell’informazione complessiva trasmessa dalla macchina all’utilizzatore attraverso un’interfaccia personale multimodale oppure monomodale acustica. Più precisamente è stato preso in esame il problema di come presentare il messaggio audio, in modo tale che lo stesso messaggio fornisca all’utilizzatore un’informazione quanto più precisa e utilizzabile relativamente al contesto rappresentato. Il fine di tutto ciò è riuscire a integrare all’interno di uno scenario virtuale almeno parte dell’informazione acustica che lo stesso utilizzatore, in un contesto stavolta reale, normalmente utilizza per trarre esperienza dal mondo circostante nel suo complesso. Ciò è importante soprattutto quando il focus dell’attenzione, che tipicamente impegna il canale visivo quasi completamente, è volto a un compito specifico.This work deals with the simulation of virtual acoustic spaces using physics-based models. The acoustic space is what we perceive about space using our auditory system. The physical nature of the models means that they will present spatial attributes (such as, for example, shape and size) as a salient feature of their structure, in a way that space will be directly represented and manipulated by means of them.
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Santos, Bogdan Skorupa Ribeiro dos. "Oficina de luteria e laboratório de acústica: uma relação desvelada na perspectiva do ser-luthier." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2465.
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Acompanha: Oficina de luteria e laboratório de acústica: guia adidáticoComo é a relação entre acústica e luteria? Tal pergunta é a que se faz o pesquisador ao início da escrita desta dissertação. Mesma pergunta que faz para cinco professores envolvidos com ensino de luteria, participantes da formação do luthier em cursos de duas instituições brasileiras. Esta pesquisa, diante da questão central, tem como objetivo delinear contribuições para esclarecer e favorecer a relação entre luteria e acústica desvelada na perspectiva de ser-luthier, em experiência e compreensão. Através de um estudo de campo, voltou o olhar para a comunidade formada por professores e estudantes ligados à acústica e luteria, particularmente, nas duas instituições brasileiras, sendo que numa delas o pesquisador se colocou como observador participante. Realizou entrevistas com os professores nas duas instituições. Numa delas, especificamente, participou em sala de aula como professor. Assim, tomou contato com reverberações imediatas da atividade didática nos estudantes em formação como luthiers. Antes da entrada em sala e aula, renovava a perspectiva como professor enquanto elaborava uma estratégia didática para favorecer a relação. Para isto, considerou experiências em campo e base na invenção de uma Ilha de Interdisciplinar de Racionalidade de Gérard Fourez, assim como na Teoria das Situações Didáticas de Guy Brousseau, principalmente, sob a noção de situações adidáticas. Os discursos dos entrevistados foram compreendidos através de uma das maiores lições da fenomenologia, a redução fenomenológica. O pesquisador buscou desvelar o fenômeno (antes estruturado para sua consciência) na descrição de cada entrevistado, ao que contribuíram as experiências em campo. Ao fim, desvelou a relação entre acústica e luteria na perspectiva do ser-luthier. Encontrava as próprias possibilidades de vir a ser luthier. Em conclusão do captado com a pesquisa, uma separação apareceu entre acústica e luteria, como um muro impedindo sua relação. Porém, ao perscrutar a essência através da consciência pura da relação (destituída de preconceitos, limitações, predefinições), o muro apareceu insustentável. A relação está nos fundamentos basais da prática da luteria, que tem a acústica como parte indispensável da formação do luthier. Precisa ser reencontrada no enfrentamento dos desafios da prática, sem ludibriá-los através da estética visual e de modelos predefinidos. Ao mesmo tempo, dependerá da superação dos obstáculos interpostos ao confrontar os desafios, contanto com a colaboração entre diversas perspectivas, bem como com a comunicação e compartilhamento aberto de informações. A reflexão sobre as ações didáticas do pesquisador e pela própria redução fenomenológica foi constante. Dela, emergiu um caminho para favorecer a relação entre acústica e luteria. O produto final das experiências e reflexões aparece no Guia Adidático que acompanha esta dissertação.
How is the relation between acoustics and lutherie? The researcher asks himself this question at the beginning of the dissertation, the same that directs to five teachers involved in lutherie teaching, participants in the luthier formation in courses of two Brazilian institutions. This research, from the initial question, aims to delineate contributions to clarify and favor the relation between lutherie and acoustics unveiled in the perspective of the being that takes it in experience and understanding. Delineated as a field study, looks inside a community formed by teachers and students correlated to acoustics and lutherie, particularly in the two Brazilian institutions. In one institution the researchers becomes a participant observer, where conducts interviews with five teachers in both institutions. In one of them, specifically, toked participant observation in classroom. So takes contact with effects of the immediate implications of (your and by others teachers) didactic's activities on students of lutherie. Concomitantly, developed a didactic strategy to favor the relation between acoustics and lutherie, considering experiences in the field and reasoned in the Interdisciplinary Island of Rationality of Gérard Fourez, as well as Theory of the Didactic Situations of Guy Brousseau, especially the concept of adidactic situation. The discourses of the interviewers are understood through one of the greatest lessons of phenomenology, the phenomenological reduction. The researcher sets out to unveil the phenomenon, previously structured for him, to which the experiences in the field contribute. At the end, the relation between acoustics and lutherie is revealed in being-luthier perspective. Also as a becoming-luthier, taking part in the possibility luthier formation. By field study and the phenomenological reduction, a separation was shown between acoustic and lutherie as a wall blocking the relation. However, inside pure consciousness of relation (leaving of prejudice, limitation, determinism), the wall seemed unsustainable. The relation is in basal foundations for practice lutherie, that take the acoustic how indispensable component of luthier formation. Need to be rediscovered through facing practice’s challenges, without cod them by aesthetics and predefined templates. At same time, will depend overcoming obstacles step in practice, counting on collaboration by others perspectives, as well with open communication and sharing information. In the constant reflection of the didactic actions of the researcher, from the beginning to end of the research, he elaborates and re-elaborates didactic's activities. The experiences and reflections conform an Adidactic Guide, as technical production parallel to present dissertation.
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Paiva, Guilherme Orelli 1987. "Análise modal vibroacústica da caixa de ressonância de uma viola caipira." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263227.
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Orientador: José Maria Campos dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Atualmente, um importante aspecto da pesquisa em acústica musical consiste em relacionar propriedades físicas mensuráveis de um instrumento musical e a avaliação subjetiva de sua qualidade sonora ou tonal. Tem sido necessário, portanto, o desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos e numéricos para previsão do comportamento vibroacústico do instrumento, possibilitando a determinação de parâmetros objetivos que possam ser usados para controlar a sua qualidade tonal. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho realiza análises modais acústica, estrutural e vibroacústica (acoplamento entre fluido e estrutura), calculadas pelo método de elementos finitos (MEF), com o objetivo de determinar o comportamento dinâmico da caixa de ressonância da viola em termos de frequências naturais e as correspondentes formas dos modos. Primeiramente, é apresentado um modelo simplificado, que despreza as estruturas internas de reforço, mas adota as dimensões principais de uma viola real. Depois o mesmo modelo foi expandido, sendo acrescentados os reforços internos, porém com dimensões ainda aproximadas. Por fim, o terceiro modelo foi elaborado em relação às dimensões de uma viola real e seus respectivos reforços internos. Com isso, também foram realizados procedimentos experimentais a fim de verificar as capacidades e limitações do método computacional empregado. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos pelos métodos numéricos e experimentais são comparados e discutidos
Abstract: An important aspect of musical acoustics research is to identify the relationship of measurable physical properties of a musical instrument with the subjective evaluation of their sound quality or tone. Therefore, for musical instruments including resonance box, it is important to develop analytical or numerical methods to predict accurately its vibroacoustic behavior. These methods will enable the determination of key parameters that can be used to control the tone and sound quality. This work uses theoretical modal analysis with finite element method (FEM) to determine the dynamic behavior of a Brazilian guitar resonance box in terms of natural frequency and mode shapes. At first, is presented a simplified model that neglects the internal structures of reinforcement (struts, ribs, brackets, etc.), but adopts the main dimensions of a real Brazilian guitar. Then the same model was expanded with the addition of the internal reinforcements, but with approximate dimensions yet. Finally, the third model was designed regarding the dimensions of a real Brazilian guitar and their internal reinforcements. Experimental procedures were also performed to verify the capabilities and limitations of the computational method employed. The results obtained by numerical and experimental methods are compared and discussed
Mestrado
Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Quintana, James R. A. "Frequency Responsive Beam Tracing." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1462957979.
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HAND, SCOTT ANTHONY. "ADAPTABLE ACOUSTICS IN MULTI-USE MUSIC PERFORMANCE SPACES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1083634977.
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Miller, Nolan W. "Athenian Acoustics: A Sonic Exploration." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556289254557967.
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Lerias, Washington Roberto. "A física da música e a pluralidade didática." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2686.
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Acompanha: Encarte do produto educacional: a física da música e a pluralidade didáticaCAPES
Esta dissertação visa apresentar uma proposta de sequência didática para explorar significativamente conteúdos de ondulatória, acústica e conteúdos relacionados à sua compreensão, utilizando elementos da música como agente motivacional ao aprendizado de física, bem como uma gama de recursos didáticos com o objetivo de oferecer uma pluralidade didática adaptada a partir dos fundamentos da pluralidade metodológica de Paul Feyerabend. Estes recursos são desde quadro giz, a inventos, instrumentos musicais, experimentos, softwares, simuladores, imagens, animações, videoaulas, músicas, poesias e alguns aspectos epistemológicos da física da música.
This thesis aims to present a proposal for didactic sequence to significantly explore waves, acoustics and related content to their understanding, using elements of music as a motivational agent to the physics learning, as well as a range of instructional resources with the aim of offering a didactic plurality it was adapted from the fundamentals of methodological plurality of Paul Feyerabend. These features are since chalk framework, to inventions, musical instruments, experiments, softwares, simulators, images, animations, video lessons, songs, poetry and some epistemological aspects of the physics of music.
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Carmo, Rodrigo Salvadori Baptista do. "Ambiente virtual de aprendizagem em ondas e acústica para auxiliar o processo ensino e aprendizagem da física no ensino médio." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4439.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-03This work describes the development of a VLE Virtual Learning Environment, where music is the basis for studying sound waves. New educational tools such as videos, animations, simulations, as well as the Moodle platform, were used to create a virtual environment, where students can learn about sound waves in an autonomous and interactive way, motivating them to use computers and internet as facilitators of the teaching/learning process, making it more effective and interesting. This material was applied to High School students - which translates to Ensino Médio and/or Pré-Vestibular in Brazil s schooling system - in the following schools: Carlos Drummond de Andrade and Nomelini Cirandinha, both in Barretos, Escola Espaço Livre, in Bebedouro and Coc Cardiofísico, in Jaboticabal. Both the teaching experience related to the VLE construction and its learning results are also described in this work.
O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um AVA Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem, onde utilizamos a música como fio condutor para o estudo das ondas sonoras. Fazendo uso das novas ferramentas educacionais como vídeos, animações, simulações bem como a plataforma Moodle, produzimos um ambiente virtual onde os alunos podem estudar as ondas sonoras de uma forma interativa e autônoma, incentivando-os a utilizar o computador e a internet como facilitadores do processo de ensino/aprendizagem, tornando este processo mais efetivo e interessante. Esse material foi aplicado a turmas de alunos do Ensino Médio e Pré-Vestibular das escolas Carlos Drummond de Andrade e Nomelini Cirandinha, ambas de Barretos, Escola Espaço Livre, de Bebedouro e escola COC Cardiofísico, de Jaboticabal. Tanto a experiência didática quanto a construção do AVA e seus resultados de aprendizagem são também descritos neste trabalho.
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McLennan, John Ewan Physics Faculty of Science UNSW. "The violin music acoustics from baroque to romantic." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Physics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43805.
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A Baroque violin was initially made. It was then incrementally converted to a Romantic (modern) setup by replacing the short neck with a longer, more slender neck and adding a longer ebony fingerboard, a heavier bassbar and soundpost. This increased the total mass from 386 to 440 g. Several different Baroque and modern configurations, with baroque and modern style bows, were used for acoustical measurements and playing tests with professional violinists. Chladni patterns were similar in both versions and also when the bridge was placed below the soundholes. The Baroque version gave higher body mode frequencies than the Romantic. Placing the bridge below the soundholes lowered the frequency of the 800 Hz resonance to 600 Hz. Saunders Loudness Tests showed a response that varied strongly over the body resonances. For the transition from Baroque to Romantic setup, hand bowing showed an increase of 1 dB and machine bowing about 5 dB. The compliance of the body added to the air lowered the main air resonance by 5 Hz, equivalent to adding about 130 cc to the 2000 cc air volume. The top plate stiffness measured at the bridge feet was about 10 kN/m higher at the treble foot than at the bass foot, for all locations of the soundpost outside the treble foot. The stiffness at the bass foot remained constant. This was reversed when the soundpost was placed between the two feet: the stiffness at the treble foot was then lower than at the bass foot. The rocking and bounce frequencies of the bridge were lowered from 3000 and 6000 Hz respectively to about 2.5 and 3 kHz when fitted to the violin. Thinning the bridge waist lowered the rocking frequency. Recordings of performances on the violin were made for many combinations of physical state (baroque or romantic), type of string and bow, position of bridge, and others. Long-term average spectra for these recordings are compared here, and an online appendix includes these recordings in a way that allows them to be readily compared: www.phys.ul1sw.edu.au/music/people/mclennanappendix.html
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Stewart, Rebecca. "Spatial auditory display for acoustics and music collections." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/413.
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This thesis explores how audio can be better incorporated into how people access information and does so by developing approaches for creating three-dimensional audio environments with low processing demands. This is done by investigating three research questions. Mobile applications have processor and memory requirements that restrict the number of concurrent static or moving sound sources that can be rendered with binaural audio. Is there a more e cient approach that is as perceptually accurate as the traditional method? This thesis concludes that virtual Ambisonics is an ef cient and accurate means to render a binaural auditory display consisting of noise signals placed on the horizontal plane without head tracking. Virtual Ambisonics is then more e cient than convolution of HRTFs if more than two sound sources are concurrently rendered or if movement of the sources or head tracking is implemented. Complex acoustics models require signi cant amounts of memory and processing. If the memory and processor loads for a model are too large for a particular device, that model cannot be interactive in real-time. What steps can be taken to allow a complex room model to be interactive by using less memory and decreasing the computational load? This thesis presents a new reverberation model based on hybrid reverberation which uses a collection of B-format IRs. A new metric for determining the mixing time of a room is developed and interpolation between early re ections is investigated. Though hybrid reverberation typically uses a recursive lter such as a FDN for the late reverberation, an average late reverberation tail is instead synthesised for convolution reverberation. Commercial interfaces for music search and discovery use little aural information even though the information being sought is audio. How can audio be used in interfaces for music search and discovery? This thesis looks at 20 interfaces and determines that several themes emerge from past interfaces. These include using a two or three-dimensional space to explore a music collection, allowing concurrent playback of multiple sources, and tools such as auras to control how much information is presented. A new interface, the amblr, is developed because virtual two-dimensional spaces populated by music have been a common approach, but not yet a perfected one. The amblr is also interpreted as an art installation which was visited by approximately 1000 people over 5 days. The installation maps the virtual space created by the amblr to a physical space.
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Bruck, Daniel C. "Objective measures and musician preference for concert state acoustics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11395.
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McMurray, Peter. "Pathways to God: The Islamic Acoustics of Turkish Berlin." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13064989.
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In fall of 1961, the Berlin Wall was erected and West Germany, the Bundesrepublik, initiated a guest worker program with Turkey. These two events would dramatically reshape Berlin, as many immigrants settled just west of the Berlin Wall--especially in the boroughs of Wedding, Kreuzberg, and Neukölln--transforming, augmenting, and adapting to local cultural life. Among these transformations, new sonic cultures emerged, with Islam, in all its diversity, playing a crucial role in that process. The Islamic acoustics that continues to thrive today in Berlin raises significant questions about the nature of sound in Islamic practice: How does Islam sound? In what ways does sound articulate and generate difference both between Muslims and non-Muslims, but also among different Muslim communities? How can an acoustics of Islam help elucidate the workings of a metropolis like Berlin, and vice-versa? Turning to Islamic thought as a theoretical framework, I consider how indigenous notions of pathways enunciate these sonic processes and their material manifestations. After sketching a brief sonic history of Turkish Berlin, I attempt to sonically map some of these Islamic pathways through the city. Charting a route through these major diasporic neighborhoods, I focus on a single religious community, or pathway, in each chapter, along with a particular material aspect of sound as a sacred articulation of difference. I begin with an exploration of the voice in Cerrahi Sufi zikr ceremonies in Wedding, where reciting God's names becomes an act of tasting (Chapter 1). Then in Kreuzberg, I consider the relationship of bodies (especially fingers) and instruments through the Alevi baglama, a musical instrument called "the stringed Qur'an" (Chapter 2). I continue to expand outward in the following two chapters, which examine mosques in Neukölln as sonic spaces: first, the interiors of a Caferi Shi`i mosque as they commemorate the deaths of martyrs; then, the exterior courtyard space of the Sunni Sehitlik mosque and cemetery. I conclude with a media archaeology of angels and a brief meditation on Islamic teachings about God's hearing, both of which suggest ways a more attentive listening to Islam might expand our conceptions of sound.Music
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Kanapesky, Aaron Peter. "Acoustics as an Inspiration in Architecture." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78334.
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Material is a common denominator between acoustics and architecture. The most basic building blocks of material are the elements: Earth, Water, Air (and Fire). Water is explored as an acoustic reflector, air as an escape path for sound, and earth as diffusor/absorber/reflector. This exploration of work dives into how acoustics can inspire architecture from the start. The thesis used two design projects to test the ideas: The San Francisco House of Music and The Boston Elemental Theater. Through this work I found the two interrelated fields can work together, and find a process and direction of design that raises the level of both disciplines.Master of Architecture
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Byrne, David A. "The Harmonic Theories of Sigfrid Karg-Elert: Acoustics, Function, Transformation, Perception." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522417315389199.
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Fabiani, Marco. "Interactive computer-aided expressive music performance : Analysis, control, modification and synthesis." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Musikakustik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34099.
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This thesis describes the design and implementation process of two applications (PerMORFer and MoodifierLive) for the interactive manipulation of music performance. Such applications aim at closing the gap between the musicians, who play the music, and the listeners, who passively listen to it. The goal was to create computer programs that allow the user to actively control how the music is performed. This is achieved by modifying such parameters as tempo, dynamics, and articulation, much like a musician does when playing an instrument. An overview of similar systems and the problems related to their development is given in the first of the included papers. Four requirements were defined for the applications: (1) to produce a natural, high quality sound; (2) to allow for realistic modifications of the performance parameters; (3) to be easy to control, even for non-musicians; (4) to be portable. Although there are many similarities between PerMORFer and MoodifierLive, the two applications fulfill different requirements. The first two were addressed in PerMORFer, with which the user can manipulate pre-recorded audio performance. The last two were addressed in MoodifierLive, a mobile phone application for gesture-based control of a MIDI score file. The tone-by tone modifications in both applications are based on the KTH rule system for music performance. The included papers describe studies, methods, and algorithms used in the development of the two applications. Audio recordings of real performance have been used in PerMORFer toachieve a natural sound. The tone-by-tone manipulations defined by the KTH rules first require an analysis of the original performance to separate the tones and estimate their parameters (IOI, duration, dynamics). Available methods were combined with novel solutions, such as an approach to the separation of two overlapping sinusoidal components. On the topic of performance analysis, ad-hoc algorithms were also developed to analyze DJ scratching recordings. A particularly complex problem is the estimation of a tone’s dynamic level. A study was conducted to identify the perceptual cues that listeners use to determinethe dynamics of a tone. The results showed that timbre is as important as loudness. These findings were applied in a partly unsuccessful attempt to estimate dynamics from spectral features. The manipulation of tempo is a relatively simple problem, as is that of articulation (i.e. legato-staccato) as long as the tone can be separated. The modification of dynamics on the other hand is more difficult, as was its estimation. Following the findings of the previously mentioned perceptual study, a method to modify both loudness and timbre using a database of spectral models was implemented. MoodifierLive was used to experiment with performance control interfaces. In particular, the mobile phone’s built-in accelerometer was used to track, analyze, and interpret the movements of the user. Expressive gestures were then mapped to corresponding expressive music performances. Evaluation showed that modes based on natural gestures were easier to use than those created witha top-down approach.QC 20110607
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Zhang, Wei. "Simulation and experimental study of room acoustics." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27311.
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Sound propagation is a complex subject, especially in an enclosure. The study of room acoustics involves not only a research into how sound is propagated in a room, but also a search into how to measure sound under different condition and how to control sound in the case of various wall materials.
For an acoustical environment, there are three separated parts: sound sources, room acoustics, and the listens. These three items form a source-medium-receiver chain, which is typical for most of communication models. In this thesis, the image method is applied to predict the acoustical quality of a real room, and the experiment for room acoustic measurement is set up. The simulation model using image method proved the design of the measurement system is efficient for room acoustics.
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Huan, C. H. A. "Phase transformation and nuclear resonance in acoustics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379905.
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Mahmud, Sakib. "Comparing the Performance of Bottom-Moored and Unmanned Surface Vehicle Towed Passive Acoustic Monitoring Platforms for Marine Mammal Detections." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10636502.
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Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a more effective method of monitoring cetaceans’ distribution and abundance than conventional visual surveys. Cetaceans are highly vocally active and produce identifiable acoustic signals during echolocation and communication. Three different PAM platforms recorded data in overlapping time periods in the vicinity of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill site: bottom-moored buoys (EARS), Unmanned Surface Vehicle towed arrays (USV), and subsurface glider-mounted hydrophones. Detection rates of the EARS and USV were compared to investigate their efficiency in detecting marine mammals. Detection events were obtained using independent detectors for each platform and then compared by feeding data through a common detector. Results from both detectors and platforms were compared, and a comparable trend of detection rates was found. The purpose of this study is to aid in the development of cost-efficient PAM methodology for mitigation and environmental impact assessment purposes.
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Lefebvre, Antoine. "Computational acoustic methods for the design of woodwind instruments." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97000.
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This thesis presents a number of methods for the computational analysis of woodwind instruments. The Transmission-Matrix Method (TMM) for the calculation of the input impedance of an instrument is described. An approach based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) is applied to the determination of the transmission-matrix parameters of woodwind instrument toneholes, from which new formulas are developed that extend the range of validity of current theories. The effect of a hanging keypad is investigated and discrepancies with current theories are found for short toneholes. This approach was applied as well to toneholes on a conical bore, and we conclude that the tonehole transmission matrix parameters developed on a cylindrical bore are equally valid for use on a conical bore.A boundary condition for the approximation of the boundary layer losses for use with the FEM was developed, and it enables the simulation of complete woodwind instruments. The comparison of the simulations of instruments with many open or closed toneholes with calculations using the TMM reveal discrepancies that are most likely attributable to internalor external tonehole interactions. This is not taken into account in the TMM and poses a limit to its accuracy. The maximal error is found to be smaller than 10 cents. The effect of the curvature of the main bore is investigated using the FEM. The radiation impedance of a wind instrument bell is calculated using the FEM and compared to TMM calculations; we conclude that the TMM is not appropriate for the simulation of flaring bells.Finally, a method is presented for the calculation of the tonehole positions and dimensions under various constraints using an optimization algorithm, which is based on the estimation of the playing frequencies using the Transmission-Matrix Method. A number of simple woodwind instruments are designed using this algorithm and prototypes evaluated.Cette thèse présente des méthodes pour la conception d'instruments de musique à vent à l'aide de calculs scientifiques. La méthode des matrices de transfert pour le calcul de l'impédance d'entrée est décrite. Une méthode basée sur le calcul par Éléments Finis est appliquée à la détermination des paramètres des matrices de transfert des trous latéraux des instruments à vent, à partir desquels de nouvelles équations sont développées pour étendre la validité deséquations de la littérature. Des simulations par Éléments Finis de l'effet d'une clé suspendue au-dessus des trous latéraux donnent des résultats différents de la théorie pour les trous courts. La méthode est aussi appliquée à des trous sur un corps conique et nous concluons que les paramètres des matrices de transmission développées pour les tuyaux cylindriques sont également valides pour les tuyaux coniques.Une condition frontière pour l'approximation des pertes viscothermiques dans les calculs par Éléments Finis est développée et permet la simulation d'instruments complets. La comparaison des résultats de simulations d'instruments avec plusieurs trous ouverts ou fermés montre que la méthode des matrices de transfert présente des erreurs probablement attribuables aux interactions internes et externes entre les trous. Cet effet n'est pas pris en compte dans laméthode des matrices de transfert et pose une limite à la précision de cette méthode. L'erreur maximale est de l'ordre de 10 cents. L'effet de la courbure du corps de l'instrument est étudié avec la méthode des Éléments Finis. L'impédance de rayonnement du pavillon d'un instrument est calculée avec la méthode des matrices de transfert et comparée aux résultats de la méthode des Éléments Finis; nous concluons que la méthode des matrices de transfert n'estpas appropriée à la simulation des pavillons.Finalement, une méthode d'optimisation est présentée pour le calcul de la position et des dimensions des trous latéraux avec plusieurs contraintes, qui est basé sur l'estimation des fréquences de jeu avec la méthode des matrices de transfert. Plusieurs instruments simples sont conçus et des prototypes fabriqués et évalués.
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Buckiewicz-Smith, Alexander. "Methods for measuring the acoustic response of wind instruments." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18800.
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This thesis studies methods to take acoustical measurements of wind instrument bodies and mouthpieces. Acoustic responses and existing measurement methods are reviewed. Multiple- and single-microphone measurement techniques are compared with a discussion of object-length limitations and frequency response. Impulse response measurements using a complex input signal are discussed and signals used for measuring room acoustics are reviewed. Construction and deconvolution methods for several types of signals are specified and the effects of signal degradation on measurements are discussed. A novel pulse reflectometry technique that can use these signals as stimulus is presented. The signals are used in a waveguide model which simulates adverse measurement scenarios and calculated impedances are compared. Model measurements are then compared with actual reflection function measurements of two fabricated test objects to show the limitations of pulse reflectometry when calculating the impedance of long objects. Viscothermal losses and open-end radiation characteristics measured using a pulse reflectometry setup are then compared with their theoretically predicted values. Finally, the input impedance calculated from several saxophone mouthpieces are presented and a novel method for measuring the reed resonance frequency of a mouthpiece is shown.Cette thèse étudie des méthodes pour prendre des mesures acoustiques des corps et embouchures d'instruments à vent. Les réponses acoustiques et les méthodes existantes de mesure sont passées en revue. Mesures de multiples pressions et pression unique sont contrastées par un discussion des limitations sur la longueur de l'objet et la réponse en fréquences. Les mesures de réponse d'impulsion employant un signal d'entrée complexe sont discutée et des signaux utilisés pour mesurer l'acoustique de salles sont passés en revue. Les méthodes de construction et de déconvolution pour plusieurs types de signaux sont spécifiés et les façons dont la dégradation des signaux affecte les mesures sont discutées. Une nouvelle technique de réflectométrie d'impulsion qui peut employer ces signaux comme stimulus est présentée. Les signaux sont employés dans un modèle de guide d'ondes qui simule les scénarios défavorables de mesures et calculent les impédances. Des mesures de modèles sont alors comparées aux mesures réelles de fonction de réflexion de deux prototypes fabriqués pour montrer les limitations de la réflectométrie d'impulsion lors de calculs de l'impédance de longs objets. Les pertes viscothermiques et les caractéristiques de rayonnement d'extrémité ouverte mesurées en utilisant une installation de réflectométrie d'impulsion sont alors comparées à leurs valeurs théoriques prévues. En conclusion, l'impédance d'entrée calculée à partir de plusieurs embouchures de saxophones sont présentées ainsi qu'une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer la fréquence tubulaire de résonance d'une embouchure.
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Shi, Yong. "Comparing theory and measurements of woodwind-like instrument acoustic radiation." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32497.
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This thesis provides a review of a computational modeling technique for woodwind-like musical instruments with arbitrarily shaped bore and finger holes. The model of a simple acoustic structure implemented in Matlab is verified through experimental measurements in terms of radiation directivity. The methods of calculating the acoustical impedance at the input end and the internal sound pressure at any position along the principle axis of the bore are presented. The procedure for calculating the radiation pressure is detailed in an example featuring a main bore with two open holes. The far-field and near-field formulas of radiation distances and angles are given. A modified pulse reflectometry system is used to measure the radiation directivity of the sample woodwind-like instrument. The measurement and data processing are simulated using a digital waveguide model to test the validity of the measurement system. The final measurements are performed with five fingerings for the measured object. The measurement results are compared with the theoretically predicted values to evaluate the fitness of the model. Suggestions for further improvement of both the measurement and the model are given.Cette thèse propose une analyse des techniques de modélisation informatique des instruments de musique de la famille des bois à perce et trous arbitraires. Le modèle d'une structure acoustique simple implémenté avec Matlab est vérifié par des mesures expérimentales de la directivité du rayonnement. Les méthodes de calcul de l'impédance acoustique à l'entrée ainsi que de la pression acoustique à n'importe quelle position le long de l'instrument sont présentées. La procedure de calcul de la pression de radiation est détaillée pour le cas d'un tuyau cylindrique ouvert avec deux trous latéraux. Les formules de calcul du rayonnement en champ lointain et en champ proche sont données. Un système de mesure de la réponse impulsionnelle est utilisé pour mesurer la directivité de la radiation sur un prototype d'instrument ayant les caractéristiques de la famille des bois. La mesure et le traitement des données sont simulés en utilisant un modèle de guide d'ondes numérique pour tester la validité du système de mesure. Les mesures finales sont effectuées pour les cinq doigts de l'objet mesuré. Les résultats sont comparés aux valeurs théoriques pour évaluer la qualité du modèle. Des suggestions pour l'amélioration de la mesure et du modèle sont données.
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Scherrer, Bertrand. "Physically-informed indirect acquisition of instrumental gestures on the classical guitar: Extracting the angle of release." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116950.
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On the classical guitar, a performer can impart very distinct qualities to the sound by changing the way in which s/he manipulates the instrument. In fact, guitarists can often infer how the instrument was played by listening to a recording, based on their knowledge of playing techniques. In other words, information about guitarists' manipulations is present in the sound of the instrument. The goal of this work is thus to develop an automatic method able to extract part of that information from a recording. In particular, this thesis focuses on one playing parameter: the angle with which the string isreleased at the end of a pluck, or the "angle of release". Along with the plucking position, this gestural parameteris known to have a clear influence on the sound of the guitar. Central to this research is the use of the physics of sound production on the classical guitar. Indeed, guitar acoustics are used to predict the effect of the angle of release on the sound, and establish formal links between signal parameters and this gestural parameter. This dissertation first situates itself with respect to previous work on gestural acquisition on the classical guitar. It then discusses the acoustics of the classical guitar in detail, in order to reveal the underlying structure of typical guitar sounds. It also considers general and specialized aspects of classical guitar playing technique, in order to better understand how guitarists can fashion sound, within the limits imposed by the physics of the instrument. In its second and main part, this dissertation adapts a standard physical model of a guitar string to include the influence of the angle of release on the vibration of the instrument. Most importantly, it establishes a clear relationship between the angle of release and parameters of velocity signals. Then it presents a signal analysis framework developed to extract signal parameters that are affected by changes in the angle of release.In its final part, this research discusses results obtained when the method for angle of release extraction is applied to velocity signals measured at the bridge of the guitar. Strengths and shortcomings of the method, as well as future avenues for research are also addressed.Les guitaristes classiques peuvent apporter de multiples nuances aux sons de leur instrument grâce à un large éventail de techniques de jeu. Il leur est même possible d'identifier comment une guitare a été jouée par l'écoute attentive d'un enregistrement, en confrontant les sons entendus à leurs connaissances sur la pratique instrumentale. Ce dernier point suggère la présence d'informations sur les manipulations des instrumentistes dans les sons produits. L'objectif de ce travail de doctorat est donc de développer des méthodes automatiques permettant d'extraire une partie de ces informations à partir d'enregistrements des vibrations de l'instrument. Cette thèse se concentre sur un paramètre spécifique: l'angle avec lequel une corde quitte le doigt à la fin du pincement, désigné "angle de lâcher" par la suite. En effet, ce paramètre de jeu, au même titre que la position de pincement le long de la corde, a une influence claire sur le son produit. L'utilisation faite de connaissances physiques sur la production des sons de guitare classique est un élément central des travaux présentés dans cette thèse. En effet, des considérations physiques sont utilisées pour expliciter l'effet d'un changement de l'angle de lâcher sur les caractéristiques du signal sonore.Après avoir précisé le contexte de cette thèse par rapport aux travaux existant sur l'acquisition du geste sur la guitare classique, l'acoustique de l'instrument est abordée. Cette revue du fonctionnement de la guitare permet de dégager la structure sous-jacente des sons de guitare. Les techniques de jeux sont aussi présentées afin de montrer comment les guitaristes exploitent les degrés de liberté à leur portée pour modifier le son de leur instrument. La contribution majeure de cette thèse est ensuite détaillée: l'adaptation d'un modèle physique standard de corde de guitare afin d'y inclure l'effet de l'angle de lâcher, et de relier la variation de cet angle aux changements de contenu sonore. La mise au point d'un système d'analyse visant à extraire les paramètres des signaux de vitesse dépendant de l'angle de lâcher est ensuite abordée.La dernière partie de ce travail présente les résultats obtenus par la méthode d'extraction de l'angle de lâcher sur des signaux de vitesse mesurés. À la lumière de ces résultats, les forces et faiblesses de la méthode sont dégagées, ainsi que des pistes de recherche futures.
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Freour, Vincent. "Acoustic and respiratory pressure control in brass instrument performance." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121361.
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This thesis presents experimental and numerical investigations on the control of aeroacoustic and quasi-static pressures within the air column constituted by the player-instrument system in trombone performance.The core of this work tackles the nature of the interaction between a player's vibrating lips and his/her vocal tract. Firstly, a measurement method was developed in order to assess important characteristics of the acoustical coupling between the lips, the downstream resonator and the upstream airways. Subjects able to play over the full range demonstrated significant upstream influence in the higher register of the instrument. These players were categorized in two groups according to their ability to control the phase of the upstream impedance and their ability to generate powerful downstream acoustic energy. In order to further investigate the influence of the vocal tract on the behaviour of the lips of a trombone player, different conditions of upstream coupling were simulated on an artificial player system. This experiment demonstrated the importance of phase tuning on the behaviour of the lips; results particularly suggest the ability of a vocal-tract resonance to displace the playing frequency close to a lip mechanical resonance, hence producing maximal efficiency of the lip-excitation system. Numerical simulations involving different physical models of the lips and various conditions of upstream coupling lend support to experimental results; an upstream coupling at the fundamental frequency influences the playing frequency and hence the combined effect of the varying total impedance loading the lips and lip mobility at the playing frequency. It then results in different degrees of efficiency of the sound production mechanism with respect tothe acoustic energy produced. Finally, a quantitative analysis of chest-wall dynamics was conducted on a trombone player. Different standard tasks where analyzed with respect to the pressure developed by rib-cage and abdominal muscles, diaphragmatic activity, as well as embouchure and glottal resistance. This study aims to address the characteristics of physiological control and its relation to the management of the quasi-static mouth pressure. It also intends to provide further material to the discussion on physiological factors involved in the acoustical control of the vocal-tract.Cette thèse présente une étude expérimentale et numérique sur le contrôle des pressions aéroacoustiques et quasi-statiques au sein de la colonne d'air formée par le musicien et son instrument dans le jeu du trombone.L'axe principal de ce travail s'articule autour de l'étude de l'interaction entre les lèvres du musicien et son conduit vocal. En premier lieu, une méthode de mesure est développée dans le but de quantifier les caractéristiques de couplage acoustique entre les lèvres, le résonateur formé par l'instrument, et les voies respiratoires en amont. Chez les sujets pouvant jouer sur le registre complet de l'instrument, le conduit vocal contribue de façon significative à la productiondu son dans le registre aigu. Deux catégories de stratégies sont proposées en fonction des caractéristiques de phase de l'impédance du conduit vocal à la fréquence fondamentale, ainsi que de la capacité à générer un maximum d'énergie acoustique. Afin d'étudier plus précisément l'influence du conduit vocal sur le comportement mécanique des lèvres d'un tromboniste, différentes conditions de couplage en amont sont simulées sur un système de bouche artificielle. Cette expérience permet de démontrer l'importance de l'ajustement de la phase de l'impédance en amont sur le comportement mécanique des lèvres. Les résultats obtenus mettent particulièrement en évidence les capacités d'une résonance de conduit vocal à déplacer la fréquence de jeu afin de potentiellement la rapprocher d'une fréquence de résonance mécanique des lèvres, produisant ainsi une efficacité maximale du système d'excitation. Des simulations numériques utilisant différents modèles physiques de lèvres et différentes conditions de couplage acoustique avec le conduit vocal confirment les hypothèses formulées; un couplage avec le conduit vocal à la fréquence fondamentale influence la fréquence de jeu. En conséquence, ces variations induisent des changements, d'une part de l'impédance acoustique chargeant les lèvres, et d'autre part de leur mobilité mécanique. Il en résulte différents degrés d'efficacité du mécanisme de production sonore en ce qui concerne l'énergie acoustique générée. Pour terminer, une étude quantitative de la dynamique du thorax est conduite sur un tromboniste. Différentes tâches musicales sont analysées en termes de pression développée par les muscles intercostaux et abdominaux, de l'activité du diaphragme, ainsi que de la résistance des lèvres et de la glotte à l'écoulement pendant le jeu. Cette étude a ainsi pour but d'évaluer les caractéristiques physiologiques du contrôle de la production du son et leurs relations à la gestion de la pression quasi-statique dans la cavité buccale. Elle suggère également de nouveaux éléments quant à l'influence du contrôle respiratoire sur l'effet acoustique du conduit vocal.