Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Musculoskeletal system Effect of estrogen on'
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Yung, Stephanie C. "The Effect of Robotic Assistance on Human Musculoskeletal System for Reaching Tasks." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10603846.
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Due to the rising number of stroke victims, the demand for reduced cost and effective treatments for recovering patients increases. To offset this need, previous studies introduced robotic assistance to rehabilitation treatments. This study investigates how much robotic assistance affects the patient by analyzing the differences in muscle activity. From the collected experimental data of ten healthy subjects, the results initially inferred that the end position of the reaching movements affected the muscle activity in biceps and triceps only, while the deltoid was not affected. However, after applying ANOVA one-way analyses, robotic assistance was found to have an impact on the deltoid, triceps, and bicep muscles when subjects moved their hands along an indirect trajectory towards nine targets. Meanwhile, only the bicep was affected when subjects moved their arm in a direct path with assistance. Lastly, the impact that the trajectory of the hand movement had on muscle activity was undetermined.
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Maladen, Ryan D. "Effect of stimulation train characteristics on the dynamic performance of human skeletal muscle." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.38 Mb., 57 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435807.
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Kesar, Trisha. "Effect of stimulation frequency and intensity on skeletal muscle fatigue during repetitive electrical stimulation." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.62 Mb., 85 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1430768.
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Shah, Shridhar. "Musculoskeletal simulation of upper extremity motion effect of selective muscle weakness and application to rehabilitation /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 147 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1889099081&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Al, Rowas Sora. "The effect of «In utero» exposure to diethylstilbestrol on the musculoskeletal system of adult mice progeny." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104869.
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Introduction: Developmental exposure to estrogens has been shown to affect the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that environmental exposure to estrogen-like compounds is much higher than originally anticipated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES), a well-known estrogen agonist, on articular cartilage, intervertebral disc (IVD), and bone phenotype. Methods: C57Bl/6 pregnant mice were dosed orally with vehicle (peanut oil) or 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/kg/day of DES on gestational days 11-14. Male and female pups were allowed to mature without further treatment until 3 months of age, when swim and sedentary groups were formed. After euthanasia, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), and trabecular bone area (TBA) of the lumbar vertebrae and femur were measured using a PIXImus Bone Densitometer System (GE Medical Systems). Proteoglycan was measured by the DMMB assay. Histological analysis of proteoglycan was performed with Safranin O staining and degeneration parameters scored. Results The lumbar BMC, was significantly increased in female swims at both the highest and lowest dose of DES, while the femoral BMC was only increased at the highest. The males, on the other hand, showed a decreased BMC at the highest dose of DES for both lumbar and femoral bone. Female swim group had an increased BA at the highest dose of DES while the male swims showed a decreased BA for femoral bone. The TBA showed a similar pattern. Proteoglycan analysis of lumbar IVD's showed a decrease at the lowest doses but a significant increase at the highest doses for both males and females. Histology showed morphological changes of the IVD and articular cartilage for all doses of DES. Conclusion: DES significantly impacted the musculoskeletal system of adult mice. Results suggest that environmental estrogen contaminants might impact developmental lumbar bone growth and mineralization in mice. Further studies measuring the impact of environmental estrogen mimics, such as bisphenol A, are then warranted.Introduction: Il a été démontré que l'exposition aux estrogènes durant le développement avait un effet direct sur le système musculo-squelettique. De plus, des études récentes ont montré que l'exposition environnementale aux estrogènes et autres substances analogues est bien plus importante que suggéré précédemment. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer les effets potentiels du diéthylstilbestrol (DES), un modulateur estrogénique de synthèse du système endocrinien, sur le cartilage articulaire, les disques intervertébraux, ainsi que le phénotype osseux. Méthodologie: Une dose orale de vecteur (huile d'arachides, témoin) ou de 0.1, 1.0 et 10 μg/kg/jour de DES fut administrée à des souris enceintes durant les 11ièmes à 14ièmes journées gestationnelles. Les souris naissantes (mâles et femelles) ont poursuivi un développement normal, sans autre traitement, jusqu'à ce qu'ils atteignent l'âge de 3 mois, stade auquel des groupes de juvéniles nageurs ou sédentaires furent formés. Après euthanasie, la densité minérale osseuse (DMO), le contenu minéral osseux (CMO), l'aire osseuse et l'aire osseuse trabéculaire des vertèbres lombaires et du fémur furent mesurés en utilisant un système de densitomètre osseux PIXImus (GE Medical Systems). Les concentrations de protéoglycans furent déterminées par l'assai au DMMB. Une analyse histologique des protéoglycane fut produite par histologie en utilisant la safranin-O, et les paramètres de dégénération catégorisés et partitionnés. Résultats: Le CMO lombaire était significativemtn plus élevé dans les groupes nageurs femelles aux plus petites et plus hautes doses de DES, comparé au groupe témoin, tandis que le CMO fémoral n'était élevé qu'aux plus hautes doses. Les groupes mâles, par contre, ont présenté une diminution du CMO aux plus hautes et plus basses doses d'exposition au DES pour les os lombaires et fémoraux. Les groupes nageurs femelles ont exhibé une aire osseuse augmentée pour la plus haute dose de DES, tandis que les groupes nageurs mâles montraient une aire osseuse diminuée pour les os fémoraux. Les mesures d'aire osseuse trabéculaire suivaient une tendance similaire. Une baisse du contenu en protéoglycans des disques intervertébraux fut observée aux plus petites doses d'exposition,alors qu'une hausse significative fut observée aux plus hautes doses pour les groupes mâles et femelles. L'analyse histologique démontrait des changements de morphologie des disques intervertébraux et du cartilage articulaire pour toutes les doses de DES. Conclusion: Le DES administré à des souris enceintes affecte le système squeletto-musculaire des souris à naitre jusqu'à l'âge adulte. Ces résultats suggèrent que la pollution environnementale par des substances estrogéniques pourrait avoir un impact sur le développement des os lombaires et la minéralisation chez les souris. De études mesurant l'impact de pseudo-estrogènes présents dans notre environnement immédiat (tels que le Bisphénol A), seraient donc on ne peut plus pertinentes.
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Dahrouj, Ahmad Sami. "The development of a novel system to assess the effect of sudden foot and ankle inversion/supination on the musculoskeletal system." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/dffc0272-143a-41cc-98d2-a00160606e65.
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Ankle sprains are one of the most common type of sports injury. They occur most frequently when the foot is in a supine or inverted position. Recovery from an ankle sprain can take from one and up to 26 weeks depending on the severity of the injury. During that period the individual will be unable to participate in any meaningful sports activity and as such it is important to be able to prevent the occurrence of such injuries. Prevention of ankle sprain injuries would require a better understanding of the risk factors of this injury. Several studies attempted to assess such risk actors by inducing foot inversion or supination however the platforms used in these studies were shown to be limited. Hence the main aim of this project is to develop a system that can be used to assess the effect of sudden foot and ankle inversion/supination on the musculoskeletal system of dynamic subjects (e.g. walking, running, jumping, etc.). For this purpose a three degrees of freedom (DOF) rotating platform has been designed, manufactured and installed in the Institute of Motion Analysis and Research (IMAR) Sports Laboratory. The platform rotates around 3 different axes allowing inversion or supination of the foot and ankle of dynamic subjects. The degree of rotation around each axis can easily be set by the researcher/operator. A strain gauge was used to detect foot strike to the platform. As a safety measure laser emitter/receivers check that the entire foot is on the footplate before the platform rotates. Optical encoders provide essential feedback of rotation angles, speed and acceleration. The necessary software and user interface for controlling the platform were also written and tested. The platform was synchronised with a bilateral four-channel EMG (electromyography) system and a 12 camera Vicon® MX-13 system thus allowing measurement of muscle activity and kinematic data during the supination of the foot. A set of software modules were written to allow automated management and processing of the data generated by the new system. The new system was then implemented in a study to validate it and to assess the role of shoes in ankle sprains. In this study, subjects would walk in three different foot conditions: barefoot, and with two different types of sports shoes, along the walkway of the Sports Laboratory where the platform was fitted. When a subject steps on the embedded platform, it rotates causing the subject's foot to supinate. At the same time, the EMG data from the peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles are recorded, along with the kinematics of the subject's whole body. The obtained results demonstrated the validity of the newly developed system. Data from the validation study also revealed increased muscle activity following induced foot supination in shod conditions compared to barefoot. Muscle activity of the rotating platform step was found to be significantly higher than the steps before and after. The platform rotation was also found to have an observable effect on body kinematics. The newly developed system is hoped to help provide a better understanding of the risk factors of ankle sprain injury and how to prevent this injury. The system can be used to help improve the design of current footwear and identify which footwear provides better protection against ankle sprain injury. The system can also be used to assess the effectiveness of different ankle injury rehabilitation schemes and different training programs that aim to reduce ankle sprain injuries. The new system can be utilised to identify individuals who are at risk of sustaining an ankle sprain injury. The system can also be utilised in studies outside the scope of ankle sprain injuries.
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Genes, Nicholas G. "Chondrocyte Adhesion to RGD-bonded Alginate: Effect on Mechanotransduction and Matrix Metabolism: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2003. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/89.
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The mechanism of mechanotransduction in chondrocyte matrix metabolism is not well understood, in part because of the density of cartilage and in part because of limitations in in vitroculture systems. Using alginate covalently modified to include the integrin adhesion ligand R-G-D (arginine-glycine-aspartate) represents a unique approach to studying mechanotransduction in that it allows for exploration of the role of integrin adhesion in mediating changes to chondrocyte behavior.
The hypothesis of this research was that chondrocytes will form a cytoskeletal adhesion to RGD-alginate mediated integrins, that this attachment will enable chondrocyte sensation of mechanical signals, and this signaling will alter chondrocyte matrix metabolism. The first aim of this research was to characterize chondrocyte attachment to RGD-alginate, and assess the role of substrate mechanics on chondrocyte attachment kinetics and morphology. Secondly, the effect of chondrocyte attachment to RGD-alginate in 3D culture on matrix biosynthesis was assessed, as were changes in substrate mechanics. Finally, this research aimed to determine the metabolic response of chondrocytes to changes in intrinsic and extrinsic mechanics.
It was found that the RGD ligand functionalized the alginate scaffold, enabling chondrocytes to sense the mechanical environment. Attachment kinetics, morphology, and proteoglycan metabolism were found to adapt to hydrogel matrix stiffness when an integrin adhesion was present. Externally applied compression was transmitted through this integrin attachment, causing changes in proteoglycan synthesis. Components of media serum were found to modulate the effects of integrin mechanotransduction.
These results were obtained by analyzing a novel approach with established techniques, such as the DMB dye assay for sulfated GAG content. The conclusions conform to diverse data from cartilage explant loading and monolayer culture studies, yet were accomplished using one versatile system in a straightforward manner. The potential of this system extends further, into identification of intracellular signaling pathways and extracellular modulation of matrix components. Seeded RGD-alginate is well suited for studying consequences of integrin attachment.
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Smith, Leone. "Computer-related musculoskeletal dysfunction among adolescent school learners in the Cape Metropolitan region." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1545.
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Thesis (MScPhysio (Physiotherapy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.INTRODUCTION Computer use has been identified as a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal dysfunction among children and adolescents internationally. Computer exposure has increased in the Western Cape since 2002, with the inception of a project to install computer laboratories in all schools in the province. As musculoskeletal dysfunction experienced during adolescence is predictive of musculoskeletal disorders in adulthood, it is essential to identify all risk and/or associative factors. METHODOLOGY A descriptive study was conducted with the aim to investigate whether the musculoskeletal dysfunction of high school learners in the Cape Metropolitan region was related to their computer use. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 of the study entailed the completion of a new questionnaire, the Computer Usage Questionnaire, by grade 10-12 learners. The learner sample was divided in a computer and a non-computer group depending on their exposure to the school computer. Phase 2 of the study involved the assessment of the ergonomic design of the computer laboratories at randomly selected high schools within the Cape Metropolitan region. RESULTS A total of 1073 learners (65% girls & 35% boys), aged 14-18 years, completed the CUQ in phase 1 of the study. The results indicated that learners in the computer group had greater weekly exposure to computers than the non-computer group. The prevalence of musculoskeletal dysfunction among this learner sample was 74%. The most common body areas of dysfunction were the head, low back and neck. The female gender, playing sport and using the school computer for more than three years were associated with musculoskeletal dysfunction. Weekly computer use of more than seven hours was predictive of general musculoskeletal dysfunction, low back pain and neck pain. Twenty nine computer laboratories within 16 selected high schools were assessed by means of the Computer Workstation Design Assessment (CWDA). Out of a total score of 40, the computer laboratories obtained average scores of less than 45%, indicating compliance with less than half of the standard ergonomic requirements. The average scores for the workspace environment was less than 40%. The design of the desk, chair and computer screen had the poorest compliance to ergonomic guidelines. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The prevalence of musculoskeletal dysfunction among this sample was higher than among other similar samples on the same study topic. The higher prevalence may be attributed to the poor ergonomic design of the computer laboratories in the Cape Metropolitan region. Learners’ reduced participation in activities such as sport and working on a computer due to their musculoskeletal dysfunction, may impact on their choice of a future career. The tendency of learners not to seek medical advice for their musculoskeletal dysfunction may predispose the development of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Education of related parties on safe computing habits as well as advice on the ergonomic design of computer laboratories is recommended to prevent the progression of adolescent musculoskeletal dysfunction into chronic disorders in adulthood.
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Akinci, Yasin. "Effect Of Visual, Verbal, Visual+ Verbal Feedback On Learning Of Dribbling And Lay Up Skill." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605691/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study was to examine how different feedback conditions
effect the skill learning in basketball. Two task were selected and participants were
randomly grouped and assigned to the verbal, visual + verbal, and visual feedback
groups. In task one, a continuos skill of basketball, dribbling and in task two a
discrete skill of basketball lay up skill were used. Two experts evaluated
performances of the participants. In the study first a pre test applied to the subjects to
form the groups than a day later subjects performed both task 15 times (5 trails in 3
sets) and get relevant feedback after every 5 trails for three consequent days. 72
hours later a retention test was applied to the subjects to test learning.
A 3 ´2 (Group ´
Condition) ANOVA was used to calculate the differences between the groups in the pre test and post test conditions. The results indicated no significant difference between the groups for the two skills in the pre test but the post-test results indicated significant difference among the verbal to visual + verbal group, visual to visual + verbal group and verbal and visual group. The total difference scores of the groups were also significant where visual + verbal condition indicated the highest improvement whereas the visual condition indicated the least improvement in the two selected basketball skills. The study indicated that the verbal feedback for novice group caused better improvement and retention of the dribbling and lay-up basketball skills compared to the visual feedback group. This watermark does not appear in the registered version -
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Schabort, Elske Jeanne. "The effect of TGF-[beta] isoforms on progenitor cell recruitment and differentiation into cardiac and skeletal muscle /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1295.
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Jacka, Karen-Louise. "The effect of work-hardening on the physical work capacity of manual labourers within South African industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016237.
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South Africa is a labour-intensive industrially developing country. As a result, in excess of 200 000 workers suffer from musculoskeletal injuries in a year. Research is thus essential to develop more effective strategies in the reduction and rehabilitation of occupational musculoskeletal disorders within industry. It was the hypothesis of this study that by improving the physical work capacity of manual labourers, through participation in an occupation specific work-hardening programme, that the ergonomic stress index and therefore the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries within industry, may be reduced. Twenty-five male Black and Coloured manual labourers volunteered to participate in this study. In addition to in situ task analyses, the subjects participated in cardiovascular and strength assessments in the laboratory, both pre- and post-participation in the ten-week work-hardening programme. The data were statistically analyzed in order to identify any significant • improvements in the workers' physical work capacity, as measured by cardiovascular, strength and perceptual responses, following the period of work-hardening. Two significant reductions were noted in measures of working heart rate together with significant improvements in grip strength and trunk strength tested at a velocity of 60°.sec·1 at the post-conditioning assessments. In conclusion, the ten-week work-hardening programme resulted in nominal improvements in all the cardiovascular measures and significant improvements in the subjects' strength performance. However, industrialists must recognise that this study dealt with only one aspect of reducing the ergonomic stress index at the workplace and realise that, in addition to this focus, it remains essential to design the task to fit the human operator.
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Meyers, Tom. "The effect of the Reaset Approach on the autonomic nervous system, state-trait anxiety and musculoskeletal pain in patients with work-related stress: A pilot study." Bachelor's thesis, Dresden International University, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-204179.
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Background: Work-related stress (WRS) is associated with musculoskeletal pain (MSP), changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and anxiety. Objective: To determine the feasibility of a follow-up study and treatment efficacy of the Reaset Approach on MSP, ANS and State-Trait anxiety. Methods: 15 subjects with WRS and MSP were assigned into 3 groups (Body, Head-Neck, Head-Neck-Body). Each group received a single 25 minute ‘Reaset Approach’ intervention. Heart rate variability (HRV), electro-dermal activity (EDA), State Trait Anxiety (STAI) and MSP were measured. Results: HRV parameters: SDNN increased in 13 of 15 subjects while SD1 and SD2 increased in 12 of 15 subjects. EDA reduced in 10 of 14 subjects. State Anxiety reduced in all subjects and Trait Anxiety reduced in 14 of 15 subjects. MSP reduced in all subjects after the intervention and were still lower three days afterwards. Conclusions: This pilot study determined that a follow-up study can ensue provided minor modifications are implemented and that the ‘Reaset Approach’ has an influence on the ANS, anxiety and MSP. Results do differ between groups. The intervention groups including the head and neck modalities demonstrated better resultsHintergrund: Arbeitsbedingter Stress (ABS) ist verbunden mit muskelschmerzen, Veränderungen im autonomen Nervensystem (ANS) und Angst. Ziel: Machbarkeit einer Follow-up-Studie und Wirksamkeit der Behandlung des Reaset Ansatzes auf ANS, Muskelschmerzen und State und Trait- Angst bestimmen. Methoden: 15 Patienten mit ABS und Muskelschmerzen wurden in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt (Körper, Kopf-Hals, Kopf-Hals-Körper). Jede Gruppe erhielt eine einzige 25 Minuten dauernde 'Reaset Approach’-Behandlung. Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV), elektro-dermale Aktivität (EDA), State-Trait-Angstsinventar (STAI) und Muskelschmerzen (SF-MPQ) wurden gemessen. Ergebnisse: Die HRV-wert: SDNN ist bei 13 von 15 Probanden erhöht, während SD1 und SD2 bei 12 von 15 Probanden zugenommen hat. EDA war bei 10 von 14 Probanden reduziert. Die State-Angst hat bei allen Probanden und die Trait-Angst bei 14 der 15 Probanden abgenommen. Muskelschmerzen waren bei alle Probanden anschließend an und drei Tage nach der Intervention reduziert. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Pilotstudie hat gezeigt, dass eine Follow-up-Studie fortgesetzt werden kann, sofern kleinere Änderungen durchgeführt werden. Die 'Reaset Approach’ hat einen günstigen Einfluss auf die ANS, State-Trait-Angst und Muskelschmerzen. Ergebnisse zwischen den Gruppen sind unterschiedlich. Die Interventionsgruppen mit einschließlich der Kopf-Hals-Modalitäten zeigten bessere Ergebnisse
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Saggu, Rajinder Kaur. "Effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96971.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design. Ethics approval was obtained for the study and the participant provided informed written consent. The participant was assessed over three four week phases as she performed her habitual computer work. The outcome measures assessed during the three phases were the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort. The three phases were named the baseline, intervention and wash-out phases. During the baseline phase, the outcome measures were obtained at the participant‟s habitual work station. The intervention phase involved a vertical adjustment of the chair and computer screen height. The wash-out phase allowed the participant to adjust the chair and computer screen height to their choice. A follow-up interview was conducted with the participant three months after completion of the study. The mean values and the ranges of the pain intensity and perceived comfort were obtained and compared. The data collected was captured on a Microsoft Excel 2010 spread sheet, where after the data was tabulated and presented graphically. Results: The mean pain intensity of the participant increased slightly during the intervention phase in comparison to the baseline phase, but remained stable during the wash-out phase. The mean perceived sitting comfort deteriorated initially during the intervention phase, but improved later during the intervention phase and showed greater improvement during the wash out phase. The perceived sitting comfort showed more improvement than the pain intensity during the washout phase. Both the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort showed improvement at the three months follow up assessment, post completion of the study. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and the VDT did not improve the participant‟s pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort when compared to the participant‟s habitual workstation parameters. The findings do not favour the horizontal viewing angle. The findings of this study however support the use of „slightly below horizontal‟ viewing angle as being conducive to reduce the pain intensity and improve the sitting comfort of an office worker.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelstelling: Om die effek te bepaal van die hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm op die nek en bo-rug muskuloskeletale simptome van 'n kantoorwerker. Metodes: „n N=1 studie was uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van die ABC ontwerp. Etiese goedkeuring was verkry vir die studie en die deelnemer het ingeligte skriftelike toestemming verleen. Die deelnemer was ge-evalueer oor drie vier week-lange fases terwyl sy haar gewone rekenaarwerk verrig het. Die uitkomsmetings ge-evalueer tydens die drie fases was pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak. Die drie fases was genoem die basislyn, intervensie en uitwas fases. Gedurende die basislyn fase was die uitkomsmetings by die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie ingevorder. Die intervensie fase het 'n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm behels. Die uitwas fase het die deelnemer toegelaat om haar stoel en rekenaarskerm se hoogte aan te pas volgens haar keuse. 'n Opvolg onderhoud was gevoer met die deelnemer drie maande na die voltooiing van die studie. Die resultate was vasgelê op 'n Microsoft Excel 2010 data bladsy, waarna die data getabuleer en grafies uitgebeeld is. Resultate: Die gemiddelde pyn intensiteit van die deelnermer het effens toegeneem tydens die intervensie fase in vergelyking met die basislyn fase, maar het stabiel gebly tydens die uitwas fase. Die gemiddelde waargenome sitgemak het aanvanklik verswak tydens die intervensie fase, maar het later verbeter tydens die intervensie fase en het aangehou verbeter tydens die uitwas fase. Die waargenome sitgemak het groter verbetering getoon as die pyn intensiteit tydens die uitwas fase. Beide pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak het verbetering getoon by die drie maande opvolg evaluasie, na voltooiing van die studie. Gevolgtrekking. Die vertikale hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm het nie die deelnemer se pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak in vergelyking met die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie parameters verbeter nie. Hierdie bevindinge is nie ten voordeel van die horisontale kykhoek nie. Nietemin, ondersteun die bevindinge van hierdie studie die gebruik van die "effens onder die horisontale" kykhoek as bevorderend om die pyn intensiteit te verminder en die sitgemak van 'n kantoorwerker te verbeter.
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Van, Vledder Nicole. "An ergonomic intervention : the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on musculoskeletal pain and sitting comfort in office workers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96865.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit (VDU) on work related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (WRUQMP) and sitting comfort in computer users. The upper quadrant refers to the occiput, cervical and upper thoracic spine including the clavicles and scapulae. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design whereby an ergonomic workstation adjustment, of VDU and chair height, was compared to the subject’s usual workstation settings. Pain and sitting comfort were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). The subject was assessed over the four week phases as she performed her typical VDU work. The results were compiled and tabulated. Results: Both the mean and variance in pain intensity decreased after the workstation intervention. A deterioration was noted in sitting comfort. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and VDU may have contributed to a decrease in WRUQMP in this subject. This safe, economical workstation intervention may be a practical management option for the computer user suffering from WRUQMP. Further research into the measurement of comfort whilst sitting at a computer workstation, is recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwitte: Om die effek te bepaal van n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm van rekenaargebruikers op werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn en sitgemak. Die boonste kwadrant verwys na die oksiput, servikale en boonste torakale werwelkolom en sluit ook die klavikel en skapula in. Methode: Die N=1 studie is onderneem met gebruik van die ABC ontwerp in terme waarvan n ergonomiese aanpassing van stoel en beeldskerm vergelyk is met die normale gebruik van die deelnemer. Pyn en sitgemak is gemeet deur die gebruik van die Visueel analoogskaal. Die interwensies is ge-evalueer oor vierweekfases tydens normale rekenaar gebruik van die deelnemer. Die resultate is saamgestel en getabuleer. Uitkoms: Beide die gemiddelde en veranderlike pynintensiteit het verminder nadat die werkstasie aangepas is. Geen verbetering in sitgemak is opgemerk nie. Gevolgtrekking: Die vertikale hoogte-aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm het moontlik bygedra tot die verminderde pynvlakke in hierdie deelnemer. Hierdie veilige, ekonomiese verstelling is moontlik n praktiese beheeropsie vir rekenaargebruikers wat werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn verduur. Verder studie in die meet en waarneming van sitgemak tydens rekenaarwerk is nodig.
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Bennett, Anthea Iona. "The effect of load and technique on biomechanical and psychophysical responses to level dynamic pushing and pulling." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005188.
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Pushing and pulling research has yet to fully elucidate the demands placed on manual workers despite established epidemiological links to musculoskeletal disorders. The current study therefore aimed to quantify biomechanical and perceptual responses of male operators to dynamic pushing and pulling tasks. Three common push/pull techniques (pushing, one handed and two handed pulling) were performed at loads of 250kg and 500kg using an industrial pallet jack in a laboratory environment. Thirty six healthy male subjects (age: 21 ±2 years, stature: 1791 ±43 mm and body mass: 77 ±10 kg) were required to perform six loaded experimental and two unloaded control conditions. Hand force exertion, muscle activity and gait pattern responses were collected during 10m push/pull trials on a coefficient controlled walkway; body discomfort was assessed on completion of the condition. Horizontal hand force responses were significantly (p<0.05) affected by load, with a linear relationship existing between the two. This relationship is determined by specific environmental and trolley factors and is context specific, depending on factors such as trolley maintenance and type of flooring. Hand force exertion responses were tenuously affected by technique at higher loads in the initial and sustained phases, with pushing inducing the greatest hand forces. Comparison of the motion phases revealed significant differences between all three phases, with the initial phase evidencing the greatest hand forces. Muscle activity responses demonstrated that unloaded backward walking evoked significantly higher muscle activation than did unloaded forward walking whilst increased muscular activity during load movement compared to unloaded walking was observed. However increasing load from 250kg to 500kg did not significantly impact the majority of muscle activity responses. When considering technique effects on muscle activity, of the significant differences found, all indicated that pushing imposed the least demand on the musculoskeletal system. Gait pattern responses were not significantly affected by load/technique combinations and were similar to those elicited during normal, unloaded walking. Perceptually, increased load led to increased perception of discomfort while pushing resulted in the least discomfort at both loads. From these psychophysical responses, the calves, shoulders and biceps were identified as areas of potential musculoskeletal injury, particularly during one and two handed pulling. Pushing elicited the highest hand forces and the lowest muscle activity responses in the majority of the conditions whilst psychophysical responses identified this technique as most satisfactory. Current results advocate the use of pushing when moving a load using a wheeled device. Suitability of one and two handed pulling remains contradictory, however results suggest that one handed pulling be employed at lower loads and two handed pulling at higher loads.
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Schulze, Kimberley E. "A minimalistic model of resistance training : effects on skeletal muscle function during unloading." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1170962.
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Since astronaut time and energy are at a premium, effective countermeasures must be designed to maximize benefits while minimizing time/energy cost. Therefore, our intent was to design and evaluate a low volume, high intensity resistance training program (RTP) on the preservation of knee extensor and plantar flexor size, strength and neuromuscular function in response to unloading. A total of 32 subjects participated. Sixteen men underwent 21 days of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) and were assigned to control (no RTP) (ULLS-CON, n=8) or countermeasures (ULLS-CM, n=8). The remaining subjects were ambulatory for 21 days and were assigned to no RTP (n=8) or countermeasures (n=8). Countermeasure subjects performed RTP every third day during the suspension period (total=6). The RTP consisted of 2 maximal isometric contractions (MVC), 1 set of 10 concentric/eccentric isotonic repetitions, and 1 set to exhaustion, at 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM). There was no change in muscle function in ambulatory subjects. Whole muscle cross sectional area (CSA) measured by computed tomography (CT) decreased 7% (thigh) and 7.5% (calf) in ULLS-CON (p<0.05), and was unchanged in ULLS-CM. MVC decreased 16.5% in both quadricep and calf muscles in ULLS-CON (p<0.05) and increased 6% in the quadricep of ULLSCM (p<0.05). Maximal concentric (CNC) and eccentric (ECC) isokinetic strength decreased an average of 18% and 17% in the knee extensors and plantar flexors of ULLS-CON, respectively (p<0.05) and was unchanged in ULLS-CM. 1RM decreased 16% in both quadricep and calf of ULLS-CON (p<0.05) and was unchanged in ULLSCM. Knee extensor work capacity, evaluated during 30 maximal CNC contractions (3.14 rad•sec-'), decreased 18% in ULLS-CON (p<0.05). Neural activation of knee extensors and plantar flexors was measured by electromyography (EMG). Submaximal v.lat, v.med, gast and sol EMG increased in ULLS-CON (p<0.05) and was unaltered in ULLSCM. Maximal EMG decreased 20% and 26% in v.1at and v.med, respectively in ULLSCON (p<0.05). ULLS-CM showed a 15% and 28% increase in v.med and gast maximal EMG (p<0.05). These data suggest knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle size, strength and neuromuscular function were preserved during unloading using a low volume, high intensity RTP performed every third day.School of Physical Education
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Mason, Shelley S. "Exploring Tissue Engineering: Vitamin D3 Influences on the Proliferation and Differentiation of an Engineered Osteoblast Precursor Cell Line During Early Bone Tissue Development." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1000.
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Most of the load-bearing demand placed on the human body is transduced by skeletal tissue, and the capacity of the skeleton to articulate in various opposing directions is essential for body movement and locomotion. Consequently, cartilage and bone defects due to trauma, disease, and developmental abnormalities result in disabling pain and immobility for millions of people worldwide. A novel way of promoting cartilage and bone regeneration is through the incorporation of either primary cells or multipotent progenitor cells in a three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial scaffold, and/or the addition of exogenous growth and differentiation factors. The first part of this study reports a protocol for using freshly isolated mature chondrocytes seeded in a 3D hydrogel biomaterial scaffold, developed to explore mechanotransduction of engineered cartilage constructs cultured in a designed bioreactor. The bioreactor was designed to allow the application of physiological mechanical forces (compression and fluid flow), as well as a non-invasive/non-destructive method for analyzing regenerating tissue in real time through ultrasound transducers and a computerized monitoring system. In the second part of this study, an engineered immortalized osteoprecursor cell line, designated OPC1 (osteoblastic precursor cell line 1), was used as a culture model system for exploring the effects of exogenous growth and differentiation factors, mainly vitamin D, on early bone development. OPC1 was previously designed to provide a consistent reproducible culture system for direct comparisons of engineered bone constructs, evaluating bone development and cell/biomaterial interactions, and for investigating putative bone differentiating factors. One of the objectives of this research effort was to explore tissue development and regeneration by culturing OPC1 in the presence of vitamin D metabolites vitaD3 and 1,25OH2D3, while assaying the concomitant biological response. Results indicate that OPC1 is capable of metabolizing the parental metabolite vitaD3, and thus 25OHD3, to the active vitamin D form 1,25OH2D3. The metabolism of vita3 resulted in an anti-proliferative and pro-differentiative influence on OPC-1. These results support the hypothesis that extra-endocrine synthesis of 1,25OH2D3 functions in a tissue specific manner to regulate growth and differentiation, in addition to the classic calcimic actions of the vitamin D endocrine pathway. Understanding the influence of vitamin D on bone development will have significant implications on healthy aging, including the susceptibility to skeletal disorders involved in development and aging, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis.
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Wolfe, Amy. "The effect of restricted environments on selected postural, physiological and perceptual responses." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005193.
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Manual lifting tasks are the predominant means of transporting materials in industry with many of these tasks being performed in confined spaces. Research has tended to focus on the biomechanical implications of working in small spaces with a decided lack of information about the physiological and perceptual responses in these environments. This holistic study therefore investigated the manner in which the human operator responded to conditions where the ceiling height was lowered and reach demands increased. Thirty-two young physically active male subjects (age: 21.55yr; stature: 1810mm) were recruited to complete a 2-way repeated measures experiment during which four lifting protocols where different combinations of ceiling height (‘normal’ or reduced to 1460mm in height) and reach demands (400mm or 800mm) were tested. A crude postural analysis was conducted while physiological responses were detailed and continuously monitored. Perceptual responses were also assessed. The tasks with a ‘normal’ ceiling height (mean compression forces: 2615N; mean shearing forces: 388N) and the greatest reach distance (mean compression forces: 3655N; mean shearing forces: 386N) placed individuals under the highest strain. Mean heart rate (HR) responses were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the URN condition when compared to the RF condition. Furthermore, HR responses were statistically significantly affected by the height of the ceiling and the reach depth. Statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) in mean tidal volume (VT) occurred in the least (URN) and most (RF) restrictive conditions. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean VE were evident between URN and URF, between URN and RF and between RN and RF. Ceiling height and reach demands had a statistically significant effect on all respiratory responses. There was a statistically significant difference in mean oxygen consumption (VO2) between the URN and all other conditions, and between the most restricted task (RF) and all other conditions. Both the effect of ceiling height and reach demands had a statistically statistically significant impact on VO2. Respiratory quotient (RQ) was significantly higher when loads were moved over 800mm compared to 400mm yet ceiling height did not have a statistically significant effect on RQ. Mean energy expenditure was significantly higher in the RF condition compared to the two least restrictive conditions (URN and RN). Statistically significant differences in EE were also evident between URN and RN, and between URN and URF. EE was significantly affected by reductions in ceiling height and increases in reach demands. Perceptually, the RF task (mean ‘Central’ RPE of 11) was perceived to place significantly greater cardiorespiratory demands on the operator compared to the URN (CRPE: 10) and RN (CRPE: 10) conditions. Statistically significant differences in perceived musculoskeletal strain only occurred between URN and RF. The effect of reach was perceived to have a statistically significant effect on both cardiovascular and musculoskeletal demands whereas ceiling height only had a statistically significant effect on musculoskeletal demands. The greatest discomfort was experienced in the lower back with the most intense discomfort occurring in the RN condition.
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De, Bie Gabrielle. "The effects of acute hypoxia on metabolic enzymes in skeletal muscle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3401.
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Thesis (MPhil (Physiological Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.The responses of central systems to oxygen deprivation have been well characterised while adaptations in peripheral systems, such as skeletal muscles, have presented confounding variations. Several reasons for these discrepancies are purported, amongst them being the duration of exposure to hypoxia and variations in fibre composition. Moreover, in real-life high altitude situations there may be a combination of factors which have the ability to modify or alter the effect of hypoxia. This study investigates the effect of short duration hypoxia per se on substrate utilisation in different types of skeletal muscles.
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Schabort, Elske Jeanne. "The effect of the TGF-β isoforms on progenitor cell recruitment and differentiation into cardiac and skeletal muscle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1295.
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Thesis (PhD (Physiology (Human and animal))-- University of Stellenbosch, 2007.Definition: Stem cells are unspecialised cells with the capacity for long-term self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell-lineages. The potential for the application of stem cells in clinical settings has had a profound effect on the future of regenerative medicine. However, to be of greater therapeutic use, selection of the most appropriate cell type, as well as optimisation of stem cell incorporation into the damaged tissue is required. In adult skeletal muscle, satellite cells are the primary stem cell population which mediate postnatal muscle growth. Following injury or in diseased conditions, these cells are activated and recruited for new muscle formation. In contrast, the potential of resident adult stem cell incorporation into the myocardium has been challenged and the response of cardiac tissue, especially to ischaemic injury, is scar formation. Following muscle damage, various growth factors and cytokines are released in the afflicted area which influences the recruitment and incorporation of stem cells into the injured tissue. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a member of the TGF-β-superfamily of cytokines and has at least three isoforms, TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3, which play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and regeneration following activation and stimulation of receptor-signalling pathways. By improving the understanding of how TGF-β affects these processes, it is possible to gain insight into how the intercellular environment can be manipulated to improve stem cell-mediated repair following muscle injury. Therefore, the main aims of this thesis were to determine the effect of the three TGF-β isoforms on proliferation, differentiation, migration and fusion of muscle progenitor cells (skeletal and cardiac) and relate this to possible improved mechanisms for muscle repair. The effect of short- and long-term treatment with all three TGF-β isoforms were investigated on muscle progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation using the C2C12 skeletal muscle satellite and P19 multipotent embryonal carcinoma cell-lineages as in vitro model systems. Cells were treated with 5 ng/mℓ TGF-β isoforms unless where stated otherwise. In C2C12 cells, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and localisation were analysed, and together with total nuclear counts, used to assess the effect of TGF-β on myoblast proliferation (Chapter 5). The myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and myogenin, and structural protein myosin heavy chain (MHC) were used as protein markers to assess early and terminal differentiation, respectively. To establish possible mechanisms by which TGF-β isoforms regulate differentiation, further analysis included determination of MyoD localisation and the rate of MyoD degradation in C2C12 cells. To assess the effect of TGF-β isoforms on P19 cell differentiation, protein expression levels of connexin-43 and MHC were analysed, together with the determination of embryoid body numbers in differentiating P19 cells (Chapter 6). Furthermore, assays were developed to analyse the effect of TGF-β isoforms on both C2C12 and P19 cell migration (Chapter 7), as well as fusion of C2C12 cells (Chapter 8). Whereas all three isoforms of TGF-β significantly increased proliferation of C2C12 cells, differentiation results, however, indicated that especially following long-term incubation, TGF-β isoforms delayed both early and terminal differentiation of C2C12 cells into myotubes. Similarly, myocyte migration and fusion were also negatively regulated following TGF-β treatment. In the P19 cell-lineage, results demonstrated that isoform-specific treatment with TGF-β1 could potentially enhance differentiation. Further research is however required in this area, especially since migration was greatly reduced in these cells. Taken together, results demonstrated variable effects following TGF-β treatment depending on the cell type and the duration of TGF-β application. Circulating and/or treatment concentrations of this growth factor could therefore be manipulated depending on the area of injury to improve regenerative processes. Alternatively, when selecting appropriate stem or progenitor cells for therapeutic application, the effect of the immediate environment and subsequent interaction between the two should be taken into consideration for optimal beneficial results.
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Tsui, Sin-mei, and 徐善美. "A study on the association of individual and work-related factors withmusculoskeletal disorders among display screen equipment (DSE) users." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724268.
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Cabas, Sánchez Isabel. "Efecto del 17a-etinilestradiol sobre el sistema inmunitario y reproductor de la dorada (Sparus aurata L.). Caracterización funcional del receptor de estrógenos asociado a proteína G = Effect of 17a-ethinylestradiol on inmune and reproductive system of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Functional characterization of the G protein-couplet estrogen receptor." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120449.
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OBJETIVOS: 1. Evaluar la capacidad del EE2 de provocar una respuesta estrogénica en vivo en ejemplares macho de dorada 2. Evaluar la capacidad del EE2 de alterar la fisiología y la respuesta inmunitaria local de la gónada 3. Evaluar la habilidad del EE2 de alterar la respuesta inmunitaria sistémica, analizando actividades inmunitarias de leucocitos de riñón cefálico, el perfil de expresión de macrófagos y la capacidad en vivo de responder a un reto inmunológico. 4. Realizar una caracterización funcional del receptor de estrógenos asociado a proteína G tanto in vitro como in vivo. METODOLOGÍA: Se llevo realizó una experimentación in vivo e in vitro. Se usaron ejemplares sanos de dorada (Sparus aurata L.), especie hermafrodita protándrica y de puesta estacional, mantenidos en el Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (IEO, Mazarrón, Murcia). La experimentación in vivo se llevo a cabo exponiendo a los ejemplares a EE2 o G1 a diferentes dosis y tiempos. En algunos casos, la exposición se simultaneó con una inmunización programada. A continuación, se realizaron, entre otros, análisis de supervivencia, de calidad del esperma, histológicos, determinación de hormonas e IgM en suero, de expresión génica y de citometría de flujo. La experimentación in vitro se desarrollo, principalmente, tratando con leucocitos de riñón cefálico con EE2 o G1 (para la activación específica de la señalización de GPER para su caracterización funcional) a diferentes dosis y tiempos y analizando actividades inmunitarias como fagocitosis y explosión respiratoria y el perfil de expresión génica. CONCLUSIONES: 1. La exposición in vivo a EE2 promueve una respuesta estrogénica evidente caracterizada por un descenso en el IGS, alteración en los niveles séricos de E2, T y 11KT y una inducción en la expresión hepática de vtg. Estos efectos son más evidentes cuando el EE2 se administra en la dieta que cuando se administra en el agua del baño. Además, estos efectos dependen, ligeramente, del estado de desarrollo de los ejemplares. 2. El EE2 incrementa la sensibilidad a estrógenos en gónada y en riñón cefálico ya que aumenta la expresión del REα. 3. La exposición in vivo a EE2 interrumpe la espermatogénesis e induce en el testículo la morfología característica de la etapa de post-puesta. Aunque los túbulos seminíferos continúan llenos de espermatozoides se observa una reducción en el volumen y motilidad de los espermatozoides. Además, el EE2 genera un proceso pro-inflamatorio en la gónada, promoviendo una infiltración masiva de leucocitos y un incremento en la expresión de citoquinas y moléculas implicadas en el reconocimiento y presentación de antígenos. 4. El EE2 disminuye la capacidad de los ejemplares de responder a un estímulo inmunológico in vivo ya que inhibe la producción de citoquinas pro-inflamatorias tras una inmunización aunque no se comporta como inmunosupresor. Además, el EE2 inhibe in vitro las actividades inmunitarias de leucocitos de riñón cefálico y dirige hacia un fenotipo anti-inflamatorio en macrófagos. 5. EL GPER se expresa en tejidos reproductores e inmunitarios de dorada y su expresión no es modulada por su activación. 6. Los granulocitos acidófilos son las células del riñón cefálico que tienen un mayor nivel de expresión de GPER. Éstos expresan un GPER funcional cuya activación in vitro dirige, de manera general, hacia un fenotipo anti-inflamatorio. Dichos efectos son regulados, en parte, por la activación de la ruta de señalización AMPc/PKA/CREB. 7. La activación de GPER no promueve una respuesta estrogénica aunque provoca, en general, un efecto anti-inflamatorio y modula ligeramente la respuesta inmunitaria adaptativa.OBJETIVES: 1. To evaluate the ability of EE2 to provoke an estrogenic response in vivo in male gilthead seabream. 2. To evaluate the ability of EE2 to alter the physiology and the local immune response of the gonad. 3. To evaluate the ability of EE2 to alter the systemic immune response, analysing immune activities of head kidney leukocytes, the expression profile of macrophages and the in vivo capabilities to respond to an immune challenge. 4. To perform a functional characterization of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, GPER, both in vitro and in vivo. METHODOLOGY: In vivo and in vitro experimentation was carried out. For this, healthy specimens of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) were bred and kept at the Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (IEO, Mazarrón, Murcia). In vivo experiments were carried out by exposing the specimens to EE2 or G1 at different doses and times. In some cases, the exposure was simultaneous to a scheduled immunization. Afterwards, analysis of survival, sperm quality, histological, determination of hormones and IgM in serum, gene expression and flow cytometry were performed. In general, for the in vitro experiments, leukocytes from head kidney (bone marrow equivalent) were treated with several doses of EE2 and G1 (to specifically activate GPER signalling) at different time points, and analyzing immune activities such as phagocytosis and respiratory burst and gene expression profile. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Exposure to EE2 in vivo promotes an evident estrogenic response characterized by decreased GSI, altered serum levels of E2, T and 11KT, and induced hepatic expression of vtg. These effects are more evident when EE2 is administered in the diet than when is administered in bath water. In addition, its effects slightly depend on the development stage of the specimens. 2. EE2 increases the sensitivity to estrogens in the gonad and the head kidney by increasing the expression of the gene coding for ERα. 3. Exposure to EE2 in vivo disrupts spermatogenesis and induces a characteristic morphology of the post-spawning in the testis. However, the seminiferous tubules were filled with sperm, causing a reduction in the volume and sperm motility. Moreover, EE2 also generates a pro-inflammatory process in the gonad, promoting a massive infiltration of leukocytes and an increased expression of the genes encoding cytokines and molecules involved in antigen recognition and presentation. 4. EE2 decreases the ability of specimens to respond to an immune stimulus in vivo by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines after immunization but does not behave as an immunosuppressor. Moreover, EE2 inhibits in vitro the immune activities of head kidney leukocytes and direct primary macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. 5. GPER is expressed in reproductive and immune tissues in gilthead seabream and its expression is not modulated by its activation. 6. Acidophilic granulocytes are the head kidney cells with a higher level of expression of GPER. They express a functional GPER whose activation in vitro leads, in general, to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. These effects are regulated, in part, by activation of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signalling pathway. 7. GPER activation in vivo does not promote an estrogenic response, although in general, provokes an anti-inflammatory effect and slightly modulates the adaptive immune response.
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Robarge, Jason Dennis. "Aromatase inhibitors produce hypersensitivity in experimental models of pain : studies in vivo and in isolated sensory neurons." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6056.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are the current standard of care for the treatment of hormone receptor positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Nearly one-half of patients receiving AI therapy develop musculoskeletal toxicity that is characterized by joint and/or muscle pain and approximately one-fourth of patients discontinue their therapy as a result of musculoskeletal pain. Since there are no effective strategies for prevention or treatment, insight into the mechanisms of AI-induced pain is critical to improve treatment. However, there are few studies of AI effects in animal models of nociception. To determine whether AIs produce hypersensitivity in animal models of pain, I examined the effects of AI administration on mechanical, thermal, and chemical sensitivity in rats. The results demonstrate that (1) repeated injection of 5 mg/kg letrozole in male rats produces mechanical, but not thermal, hypersensitivity that extinguishes when drug dosing is stopped; (2) administering a single dose of 1 or 5 mg/kg letrozole in ovariectomized (OVX) rats also induces mechanical hypersensitivity, without altering thermal sensitivity and (3) a single dose of 5 mg/kg letrozole or daily dosing of letrozole or exemestane in male rats augments flinching behavior induced by intraplantar ATP injection. To determine whether the effects of AIs on nociceptive behaviors are mediated by activation or sensitization of peptidergic sensory neurons, I determined whether letrozole exposure alters release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from isolated rat sensory neurons and from sensory nerve endings in rat spinal cord slices. No changes in basal, capsaicin-evoked or high extracellular potassium-evoked CGRP release were observed in sensory neuronal cultures acutely or chronically exposed to letrozole. Furthermore, letrozole exposure did not alter the ability of ATP to augment CGRP release from sensory neurons in culture. Finally, chronic letrozole treatment did not augment neuropeptide release from spinal cord slices. Taken together, these results do not support altered release of this neuropeptide into the spinal cord as mediator of letrozole-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and suggest the involvement of other mechanisms. Results from this dissertation provide a new experimental model for AI-induced hypersensitivity that could be beneficial in delineating mechanisms mediating pain during AI therapy.
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"The effect of leg length discrepancy on the muscular function of the legs." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886229.
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"Effects of steroid hormones and selective estrogen receptor modulators in the vascular system." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073539.
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Tsang Suk Ying."August 2003."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-226).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
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Joseph, Anna-Maria. "Mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle : effect of chronic contractile activity, aging, and type 2 diabetes /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR51727.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Biology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR51727
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Bennett, Anthena Iona. "The effect of load and technique on biomechanical and psychophysical responses to level dynamic pushing and pulling /." 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1580/.
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Trougakos, William P. "The effect of wrist and forearm posture on muscle fatigue during a repetitive pinching task /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29623.
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Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Kinesiology and Health Science.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-88). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR29623
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"A central role of the renin-angiotensin system in estrogen deficiency-related endothelial dysfunction and its prevention." Thesis, 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074574.
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Chronic treatment with enalapril and valsartan significantly improved endothelium-dependent relaxations of aortas from ovariectomized rats. The present results clearly point to that chronic treatment with enalapril or valsartan reduced expression and function of RAS and associated oxidative stress, thereby augmented NO bioavailability and improved endothelium-dependent relaxations. These results provided novel evidence supporting a potential application of ACEI and ARB in the treatment of endothelial dysfunction-associated vascular complications in postmenopausal women.Functional studies showed that acetylcholine-induced relaxations in isolated aortas were impaired in a time-dependent manner, from the 4th-week to the 12th-week after ovariectomy. The impaired relaxations were partially restored by acute treatment with losartan [angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker] and apocynin [NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor]. The present results demonstrate that estrogen deficiency blunted endothelium-dependent relaxations due to impaired the NO bioavailability, which is closely associated with the reduced eNOS activity and elevated RAS expression and associated NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated oxidative stress in the vascular wall.
The present study shows that chronic consumption of cranberry juice restored the endothelium-dependent relaxations in aortas from ovariectomized rats. In ovariectomized rats, the phenylephrine-induced a higher active vascular tension; which was prevented by chronic consumption of cranberry juice. The present data also shows that cranberry juice administration significantly reduces the elevated serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL (nHDL) cholesterol, and nHDL/HDL. The active ingredients in the cranberry juice organic extract accounting for the vascular benefit remain to be further examined even though the extract causes endothelial NO-dependent relaxations in normal rat aortas and contains several bioactive compounds, some of which may protect the vascular function. This study provides the first line of evidence concerning a significant vascular benefit of chronic consumption of cranberry juice during estrogen deficiency. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
The present study used ovariectomized female rats that mimic the "equivalent" state of menopause in human and investigated whether dysregulation of RAS components contribute to endothelial dysfunction and whether chronic treatment with ACEI (enalapril) or ARB (valsartan) could restore endothelial function in ovariectomized rats.
The second objective of the present study was to investigate whether or not consumption of cranberry juice, a popular drink in Western countries, could restore endothelial function during estrogen deficiency and to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying the improved endothelial function.
Yung, Lai Ming.
Adviser: Huana Yu.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3252.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-168).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.
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Fogwell, William Peter. "The effect of long axis manipulation of the third metacarpophalangeal joint on articular surface separation, peri-articular soft tissue movement and joint cavitation." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1259.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2014.Aim: To determine the effect of long axis manipulation of the third metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) on articular surface separation, peri-articular soft tissue movement and joint cavitation. Participants: Forty two right-handed healthy individuals between 18 and 28 years of age from the Durban University of Technology campuses, KwaZulu Natal. Methodology: Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. A case history, physical examination and a hand and wrist orthopaedic assessment was conducted for each participant. Study specific data, such as sex, age, height and weight were recorded. A diagnostic ultrasound (US) scan was done to the left third MCP joint for each participant while distractive manipulation was applied to the joint. The presence or absence of audible release was noted and the tension levels applied to the joint was measured with a digital tension meter. Joint surface separation (JSS), synovial membrane position (SMP), gas bubble presence and location were assessed on the US recordings at baseline, just prior to cavitation, at maximum traction and in the post-traction resting joint. IBM SPSS version 20 was used to analyse the data. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare the means between the two groups and the associations were compared using Pearson’s chi square tests. A p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Long axis manipulation resulted in audible release in 22 of the participants (Group and no audible release in 20 of the participants (Group 2). No significant difference in joint surface separation or the synovial membrane position could be established between MCP joints that cavitated and MCP joints that did not cavitate at the baseline, as well as in maximum traction and in the post-procedure resting joint (p > 0.05; t-test). Hyperechoic gas bubbles were present in 21 of the 22 participants of Group 1 and no gas bubbles could be visualised in the participants in Group 2. The presence of intra-articular hyperechoic gas bubbles was highly associated with audible release (p < 0.001; Pearson’s chi square test). Due to the predefined features of cavitation, gas bubble inception was could not be detected in the Group 1 participants prior to cavitation. In Group 1, 95.5% of the gas bubbles were present in the middle third of the joint at maximum traction. At the post traction resting joint evaluation, no gas bubble was evident in 42.9% (n = 9) of the joints; 42.9% (n = 9) indicated bubbles were present only in the dorsal third, whilst 9.5% (n = 2) presented bubbles in the middle and dorsal third; and in one case gas bubbles were seen in the dorsal, middle and ventral thirds of the joint space. The mean manipulative force recorded in participants in which gas bubble inception took place during manipulation was 5.7 kg, and in those with no gas bubble inception was 12 kg. There was a significant difference between the mean traction force applied to those with and to those without a gas bubble appearance (p < 0.001; t-test). Conclusion: No significant differences were observed between the cavitation and non-cavitation groups for the joint surface separation and synovial membrane movement at various stages of manipulation. A significant association was established between the audible release of a joint that was manipulated and the appearance of intra-articular gas bubbles or micro-bubbles. The mean traction force that was required to cause cavitation was significantly lower than the force to which joints with no cavitation were tensioned. The findings concur with those of previous studies that cavitation is a necessary component of joint manipulation.
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Mthabela, Nosipho Pearl. "The effect of bra size correction on selected postural parameter." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1683.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology : Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015.Introduction: Symptoms associated with large breasts result from bra strap chafing, poor body posture, headaches, neck, shoulder, thoracic and lower back pain. There is a paucity of literature quantifying objective data regarding the effect of breast size on posture. Therefore correct bra sizing may improve posture, however this is undetermined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of bra correction on selected postural parameters in order to determine its relevance in a clinical setting. Methodology: Sixty five females who met the inclusion criteria had the following parameters recorded: age, height, weight, body mass index, occupation, and underbust and overbust bra size. An anterior-posterior, right and left lateral digital photographs were taken before and after bra correction. These were then processed using the Posture Pro software. The data was analysed using the latest version of SPSS. The results were presented by means of standard deviations and ranges and differences between pre and post measures were performed with an ANOVA. Results: It was found that there was no correlation between changes in any of the four parameters from pre to post correction, which changed significantly with postural correction (4/43 post correction significant readings) and the demographic variables. Most participants changed to a larger cup sizes after correction which is in line with Greenbaum, (2003) who found that participants tend to buy a smaller bra size. In this study 3% of the study population changed to a bigger cup size and 97% wore bras that were too tight. Similar to the findings of Wood eta/., (2008) who found that 70% of the study population wore bras that are too small and 10% wore bras that were too big. Conclusion: In the study on effect of incorrect bra size on selected postural parameters it was found the there were four parameters that changed significantly with p
M
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João, Filipa Oliveira da Silva. "Evaluation of mechanical load in the musculoskeletal system : development of experimental and modeling methodologies for the study of the effect of exercise in human models." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6348.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em Motricidade Humana, na especialidade de BiomecânicaA major concern of Biomechanics research is the evaluation of the mechanical load and power that the human body develops and endorses when performing high to moderate sport activities. With the purpose of increasing performance and reducing the risk of injury, substantial advances were accomplished to pursuit this goal, either on the laboratory techniques as well as modelling and simulation. Traditionally, the main focus was the assessment of kinematics, kinetics and electromyography data to describe the main mechanics and neuromuscular behaviour, when performing a certain movement. The use of methodologies that enable the quantification of the effect of a particular joint moment of force in the entire body or the contribution of an individual muscle force to accelerate the centre of mass of the body is quite relevant in biomechanical analysis. This is particularly important when dealing with explosive movements such as those that occur in sports activities, or in the clinical field when dealing with abnormal movement. At the same time, the advances in imaging technology allows us the use of some of those techniques to gather subject-specific information, particularly the muscle architectural parameters that are crucial to the production of force, such as muscle volume, muscle physiological cross-section area and muscle pennation angle. In the course of this dissertation, we investigated the use and/or combination of different methodologies to study the effect of mechanical load in the lower limb musculoskeletal system during a cyclic stretch-shortening exercise. We aimed at using an integrated approach to better characterize the behaviour of the musculoskeletal system when subjected to this type of mechanical load.
RESUMO: Uma das principais preocupações da investigação em Biomecânica é a avaliação da carga mecânica que o corpo desenvolve e que consegue suportar quando realiza ações desportivas com nível de desempenho de moderado a elevado. Com o objetivo de melhorar a performance mas reduzindo o risco de lesão, têm sido realizados avanços significativos quer nas técnicas laboratoriais e equipamentos, quer nas técnicas de modelação e simulação. A investigação tradicional em biomecânica tem o seu foco na avaliação da cinemática, cinética e função neuromuscular para descrever a mecânica do corpo e o comportamento neuromuscular, durante a execução de um determinado movimento. No entanto, a utilização de metodologias que permitam a quantificação do efeito de um determinado momento de força articular em todos os segmentos corporais ou a contribuição de um momento de força muscular individual na aceleração do centro de massa do corpo é bastante relevante na análise biomecânica. Isto é particularmente importante quando se lida com movimentos explosivos, tais como os que ocorrem em actividades desportivas, ou no âmbito clínico quando se tratam de condições não normais ou patológicas. Ao mesmo tempo, os avanços na tecnologia de imagem permitem a utilização de algumas destas técnicas para recolher informações específicas do sujeito, nomeadamente no que diz respeito aos parâmetros arquitectónicos do músculo, que são cruciais para a produção da força, tal como o volume muscular, a área de secção transversal fisiológica ou o ângulo de penação. No decurso deste trabalho, foi investigada a utilização e/ou combinação de diferentes metodologias para estudar o efeito da carga mecânica no sistema musculo-esquelético do membro inferior durante um exercício de alongamento-encurtamento realizado de forma cíclica. O principal objetivo foi utilizar uma abordagem integrada para melhor caracterizar o comportamento do sistema músculo-esquelético, quando submetido a este tipo de carga mecânica.
FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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Meyers, Tom. "The effect of the Reaset Approach on the autonomic nervous system, state-trait anxiety and musculoskeletal pain in patients with work-related stress: A pilot study." Bachelor's thesis, 2014. https://diu.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21584.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Work-related stress (WRS) is associated with musculoskeletal pain (MSP), changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and anxiety.
Objective: To determine the feasibility of a follow-up study and treatment efficacy of the Reaset Approach on MSP, ANS and State-Trait anxiety.
Methods: 15 subjects with WRS and MSP were assigned into 3 groups (Body, Head-Neck, Head-Neck-Body). Each group received a single 25 minute ‘Reaset Approach’ intervention. Heart rate variability (HRV), electro-dermal activity (EDA), State Trait Anxiety (STAI) and MSP were measured.
Results: HRV parameters: SDNN increased in 13 of 15 subjects while SD1 and SD2 increased in 12 of 15 subjects. EDA reduced in 10 of 14 subjects. State Anxiety reduced in all subjects and Trait Anxiety reduced in 14 of 15 subjects. MSP reduced in all subjects after the intervention and were still lower three days afterwards.
Conclusions: This pilot study determined that a follow-up study can ensue provided minor modifications are implemented and that the ‘Reaset Approach’ has an influence on the ANS, anxiety and MSP. Results do differ between groups. The intervention groups including the head and neck modalities demonstrated better results.:I. Abstract (En) III
II. Abstract (De) IV
III. Table of Contents V
IV. Index of figures VIII
V. Index of tables IX
VI. Index of abbreviations X
1 Introduction 1
2 Background 2
2.1 Work-related musculoskeletal pain 2
2.2 Work-related stress 3
2.3 Osteopathy and the autonomic nervous system 3
2.4 Stress, pain and osteopathy 4
3 Questions 6
3.1 Feasibility 6
3.2 Treatment effect 6
4 Methods 7
4.1 Study design 7
4.2 Participants 8
4.2.1 Inclusion criteria 8
4.2.2 Exclusion criteria 8
4.2.3 Recruitment 8
4.2.4 Randomization 10
4.3 Parameters 11
4.3.1 Heart rate variability 11
4.3.2 Electro-dermal activity 11
4.3.3 State anxiety 11
4.3.4 Trait anxiety 12
4.3.5 Perceived pain 12
4.4 Measuring Instruments 13
4.4.1 Heart rate variability 13
4.4.2 Electro-dermal Activity 13
4.4.3 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 13
4.4.4 Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 13
4.5 Interventions 14
4.5.1 Intervention ‘B’: Body 14
4.5.2 Intervention ‘HN’: Head and Neck 16
4.5.3 Intervention ‘HNB’: Head, Neck and Body 16
4.6 Study flow 18
4.7 Statistics 20
5 Results 21
5.1 Autonomic nervous system: Heart rate variability 21
5.1.1 SDNN 22
5.1.2 SD1 25
5.1.3 SD2 28
5.2 Autonomic Nervous System: Electro-dermal activity 31
5.3 Anxiety 34
5.3.1 State anxiety 34
5.3.2 Trait anxiety 37
5.4 Musculoskeletal pain 39
5.4.1 Visual analogue scale 40
5.4.2 Total Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 43
6 Discussion 46
6.1 Discussion of the method 46
6.2 Discussion of the results 50
6.2.1 Autonomic nervous system 50
6.2.1.1 Heart rate variability 50
6.2.1.2 Electro-dermal activity 51
6.2.2 Anxiety 51
6.2.2.1 State anxiety 51
6.2.2.2 Trait Anxiety 52
6.2.3 Musculoskeletal pain 52
6.3 Suggestions for future research 53
7 Conclusion 54
8 Literature 55
9 Addendum 63
9.1 Table: SF-MPQ with Sensory, Affective and Evaluative dimension 63
9.2 Patient Information Sheet 64
9.3 Structured telephone interview 70
9.4 Structured pre-treatment interview 72
9.5 SF-MPQ permission 73
9.6 SF-MPQ 74
9.7 STAI License 76
9.8 STAI forms Y-1 and Y-2 77Hintergrund: Arbeitsbedingter Stress (ABS) ist verbunden mit muskelschmerzen, Veränderungen im autonomen Nervensystem (ANS) und Angst. Ziel: Machbarkeit einer Follow-up-Studie und Wirksamkeit der Behandlung des Reaset Ansatzes auf ANS, Muskelschmerzen und State und Trait- Angst bestimmen. Methoden: 15 Patienten mit ABS und Muskelschmerzen wurden in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt (Körper, Kopf-Hals, Kopf-Hals-Körper). Jede Gruppe erhielt eine einzige 25 Minuten dauernde 'Reaset Approach’-Behandlung. Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV), elektro-dermale Aktivität (EDA), State-Trait-Angstsinventar (STAI) und Muskelschmerzen (SF-MPQ) wurden gemessen. Ergebnisse: Die HRV-wert: SDNN ist bei 13 von 15 Probanden erhöht, während SD1 und SD2 bei 12 von 15 Probanden zugenommen hat. EDA war bei 10 von 14 Probanden reduziert. Die State-Angst hat bei allen Probanden und die Trait-Angst bei 14 der 15 Probanden abgenommen. Muskelschmerzen waren bei alle Probanden anschließend an und drei Tage nach der Intervention reduziert. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Pilotstudie hat gezeigt, dass eine Follow-up-Studie fortgesetzt werden kann, sofern kleinere Änderungen durchgeführt werden. Die 'Reaset Approach’ hat einen günstigen Einfluss auf die ANS, State-Trait-Angst und Muskelschmerzen. Ergebnisse zwischen den Gruppen sind unterschiedlich. Die Interventionsgruppen mit einschließlich der Kopf-Hals-Modalitäten zeigten bessere Ergebnisse..:I. Abstract (En) III II. Abstract (De) IV III. Table of Contents V IV. Index of figures VIII V. Index of tables IX VI. Index of abbreviations X 1 Introduction 1 2 Background 2 2.1 Work-related musculoskeletal pain 2 2.2 Work-related stress 3 2.3 Osteopathy and the autonomic nervous system 3 2.4 Stress, pain and osteopathy 4 3 Questions 6 3.1 Feasibility 6 3.2 Treatment effect 6 4 Methods 7 4.1 Study design 7 4.2 Participants 8 4.2.1 Inclusion criteria 8 4.2.2 Exclusion criteria 8 4.2.3 Recruitment 8 4.2.4 Randomization 10 4.3 Parameters 11 4.3.1 Heart rate variability 11 4.3.2 Electro-dermal activity 11 4.3.3 State anxiety 11 4.3.4 Trait anxiety 12 4.3.5 Perceived pain 12 4.4 Measuring Instruments 13 4.4.1 Heart rate variability 13 4.4.2 Electro-dermal Activity 13 4.4.3 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 13 4.4.4 Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 13 4.5 Interventions 14 4.5.1 Intervention ‘B’: Body 14 4.5.2 Intervention ‘HN’: Head and Neck 16 4.5.3 Intervention ‘HNB’: Head, Neck and Body 16 4.6 Study flow 18 4.7 Statistics 20 5 Results 21 5.1 Autonomic nervous system: Heart rate variability 21 5.1.1 SDNN 22 5.1.2 SD1 25 5.1.3 SD2 28 5.2 Autonomic Nervous System: Electro-dermal activity 31 5.3 Anxiety 34 5.3.1 State anxiety 34 5.3.2 Trait anxiety 37 5.4 Musculoskeletal pain 39 5.4.1 Visual analogue scale 40 5.4.2 Total Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 43 6 Discussion 46 6.1 Discussion of the method 46 6.2 Discussion of the results 50 6.2.1 Autonomic nervous system 50 6.2.1.1 Heart rate variability 50 6.2.1.2 Electro-dermal activity 51 6.2.2 Anxiety 51 6.2.2.1 State anxiety 51 6.2.2.2 Trait Anxiety 52 6.2.3 Musculoskeletal pain 52 6.3 Suggestions for future research 53 7 Conclusion 54 8 Literature 55 9 Addendum 63 9.1 Table: SF-MPQ with Sensory, Affective and Evaluative dimension 63 9.2 Patient Information Sheet 64 9.3 Structured telephone interview 70 9.4 Structured pre-treatment interview 72 9.5 SF-MPQ permission 73 9.6 SF-MPQ 74 9.7 STAI License 76 9.8 STAI forms Y-1 and Y-2 77
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"Effect of phytoestrogens on low-density- lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein A-I expression in HepG2 cells." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896408.
Full textAbstract:
Yuen Yee Man.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-125).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
TITLE PAGE --- p.1
ACKNOWLEGDEMENTS --- p.2
ABSTRACT --- p.3
摘要 --- p.5
table of contents --- p.7
list of figures and tables --- p.13
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.16
Chapter 1.1 --- role of PHYTOESTROGENS in soy and red WINE the PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD) --- p.17
Chapter 1.1.1 --- INTRoduction and Classification of Phytoestrogens --- p.17
Chapter 1.1.2 --- estrogenic1ty of phytoestrogens and theIr abundancesin Plasma --- p.18
Chapter 1.1.3 --- phytoestrogens as one of the active components In cvd Protection --- p.21
Chapter 1.1.4 --- effects of Phytoestrogens on LDL Receptor and Apolipoprotein A-1 --- p.22
Chapter 1.2 --- role of estrogen receptors (ers) in gene regulation --- p.24
Chapter 1.2.1 --- "structure, Classification and tissue distribution of ERS" --- p.24
Chapter 1.2.2 --- ligands for ERS --- p.25
Chapter 1.2.3 --- mechaniSMS OF LIgands-ERS complex in GENE regulation --- p.27
Chapter 1.2.4 --- ligand-independent ER activation --- p.28
Chapter 1.3 --- aims and scopes of investigation --- p.29
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.30
Chapter 2.1 --- chemicals and materials --- p.30
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Chemicals --- p.30
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Plasmids --- p.30
Chapter 2.2 --- mammalian cell culture maintainence --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Maintenance of Cells --- p.31
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of Cell Stock --- p.31
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Cell Recovery from Liquid Nitrogen Stock --- p.31
Chapter 2.3 --- manipulation of dna --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.1 --- isolation of HEPG2 cells genonmic DNA --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.2 --- separation and purification of dna from agarose gel --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Restriction digestionof DNA --- p.32
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Ligation of DNA Fragments --- p.32
Chapter 2.3.5 --- Transformation of --- p.32
Chapter 2.3.6 --- Small Scale Plasmids Purification from DH5a --- p.32
Chapter 2.4 --- construction of expression and reporter plasmids --- p.33
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Construction of Estrogen Receptorα (Erα) Expression Vectors --- p.33
Chapter 2.4.2 --- construction of reporter vectors of LDLR promoter and the Respective Mutants --- p.33
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Construction of Reporter Vectors of APOAI Promoter and the Respective Mutants --- p.33
Chapter 2.5 --- determination of promoter transcrtiption activities --- p.34
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Transient Transfection of Cell with ERa Expression Vector and Promoter Reporter using Lipofectamine PLUS Reagent --- p.34
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Dual Luciferase Assay --- p.34
Chapter 2.6 --- semi-quantitative and quantitative rt-pcr assay --- p.34
Chapter 2.6.1 --- Transient transfection of Cell with ERa Expression Vector Using Lipofectamine PLUS Reagent --- p.34
Chapter 2.6.2 --- "Isolation of RNA using TRIzol® Reagent (Life Technology, USA)" --- p.35
Chapter 2.6.3 --- Quantitation of RNA --- p.35
Chapter 2.6.4 --- First Strand cDNA Synthesis --- p.35
Chapter 2.6.5 --- Sem卜Quantitative PCR Reactions --- p.35
Chapter 2.6.6 --- Quantitative PCR Reactions --- p.36
Chapter 2.7 --- western blotting analysis --- p.36
Chapter 2.8 --- statistical methods --- p.36
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- REGULATION BY PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVEL OF 17B-ESTRADIOL ON APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I AND LOW-DENSITY- LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR IN HEPG2 CELLS --- p.37
Chapter 3.1 --- introduction --- p.37
Chapter 3.2 --- results --- p.39
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Determination of transient transfection functionality of estrogen receptors in hepg2 cells --- p.39
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Effect of 17β-Estradiolon LDLR promoter transcription activity --- p.39
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Effect of 17β-Estradiol on apoai promoter transcription activity --- p.40
Chapter 3.2 --- discussion --- p.47
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- SOY ISOFLAVONES AND RESVERATROL DISPLAY DIFFERENT MECHANISM IN THE UP-REGULATION OF LOVV-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR IN HEPG2 CELLS --- p.49
Chapter 4.1 --- introduction --- p.49
Chapter 4.2 --- results --- p.54
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Association of ERα and isoflavones or resveratrol on LDLR promoter transcription activity --- p.54
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Association of ERβ and isoflavones or resveratrol on LDLR promoter transcription activity --- p.54
Chapter 4.2.3 --- "Role of MAP Kinase, PKA and PKC in isoflavones and resveratrol induced LDLR promoter transcription" --- p.55
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Identification of promoter regions responsible for induction of LDLR transcription by isoflavones in the presence OF ERα --- p.55
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Identification of promoter regions responsible for induction of LDLR TRANSCRIPTION BY resveratrol IN THE ABSENCE OF ERα --- p.56
Chapter 4.3 --- DISCUSSION --- p.75
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- SOY ISOFLAVONES AND RESVERATROL UP-REGULATE APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I SIMILAR TO 17B-ESTRADIOL IN HEPG2 CELLS --- p.80
Chapter 5.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.80
Chapter 5.2 --- RESULTS --- p.84
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Association of ERα phytoestrogens on APCAI gene expression --- p.84
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Association of ERβ and isoflavones or resveratrol on APOAI promoter transcription activity --- p.85
Chapter 5.2.3 --- "Role of MAP Kinase, PKA and PKC in isoflavones and resveratrol in APOAI promoter transcription in the presence of ERα" --- p.85
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Identification of promoter regions responsible for induction of APOAI transcription by isoflavones and resveratrol in the presence of ERα --- p.85
Chapter 5.3 --- DISCUSSION --- p.100
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- GENERAL DISCUSSION --- p.103
Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- SUMMARY --- p.106
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.108
APPENDIX 1 ABBREVIATIONS --- p.126
APPENDIX 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.129
APPENDIX 3 PRIMER LISTS --- p.145
APPENDIX 4 REAGENTS AND BUFFERS --- p.147