Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Muscles – Wounds and injuries'
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Sole, Gisela, and n/a. "Neuromuscular control of thigh and gluteal muscles following hamstring injuries." University of Otago. School of Physiotherapy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081103.100628.
Full textYeung, Wai Ella, and 楊慧. "Eccentric contraction-induced injury in mammalian skeletal muscle." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29750313.
Full textBrown, Lisa Gill. "Effect of repeated eccentric demands placed on the lower limb musculature during simulated Rugby Union play." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005192.
Full textNottle, Carmel. "Proprioceptive and muscle activation changes in triceps surae associated with exercise induced muscle damage." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/779.
Full textGirardin, Erika A. "Clinical outcomes of multiple ice treatments on signs and symptoms of exercised-induced muscle damage." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1179132.
Full textSchool of Physical Education
Zainuddin, Zainal A. "The effects of movement based interventions on DOMS and muscle damage following eccentric exercise." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1647.
Full textBarford, Gareth Charles. "Changes in muscle recruitment, functional strength and ratings of perceived effort during an 8-over bowling spell: impact on performance." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003926.
Full textWilson, Stephen J. "The effects of eccentric muscle damage on malondialdehyde production during long-term recovery." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1180783.
Full textDepartment of Speech Pathology & Audiology
Boerem, David L. "Peak isokinetic torque of knee flexors and extensor muscles of college football players." Scholarly Commons, 1987. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/499.
Full textPepper, Melinda Dorothy. "THE EFFECT OF RELAXATION THERAPY ON MUSCLE SPASTICITY IN THE SPINAL CORD INJURED INDIVIDUAL." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275427.
Full textLau, Wing Yin. "Pain assessment and possible mechanism of delayed onset muscle soreness." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1275.
Full textOliveira, Erick Prado de [UNESP]. "Efeito do consumo agudo de erva mate sobre o rendimento fisíco em esteira ergométrica e indicadores metabólicos da exaustão em jogadores profissionais de futebol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114041.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Introdução: A erva mate (Ilex Paraguariensis) é uma bebida consumida principalmente na América do Sul e contém componentes com função antioxidante e possíveis propriedades ergogênicas. Sabe-se que o exercício eleva o estresse oxidativo e a lesão muscular, portanto o consumo do chá mate poderia proporcionar efeitos benéficos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do consumo agudo de chá mate nos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e lesão muscular em jogadoras de futebol profissional que foram expostas ao exercício exaustivo. Métodos: Quinze jogadoras de futebol (22,1 ± 4,2 anos) foram avaliadas de forma randomizada consumindo 5g de chá mate solúvel (400 ml) ou 400 ml de água em estudo cruzado com 7 dias de washout. Ambas as bebidas foram fornecidas após jejum noturno e 60 minutos antes de um teste incremental de esteira até a exaustão. Todos os indivíduos ingeriram 30g de maltodextrina 30 minutos antes do início do teste. Por meio do desempenho no teste de esteira do grupo água, foram criados dois subgrupos com os indivíduos com o melhor tempo de esteira (MTE, n=8) e os outros com pior tempo de esteira (PTE, n=7). Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas em jejum, pré e pós-exercício, sendo avaliados marcadores de lesão muscular (CK, AST and ALT), antioxidante (TAP e ácido úrico), estresse oxidativo (MDA) e anaerobiose (lactato). Foi utilizado ANOVA de medidas repetidas para comparar as variáveis basal, pré e pós exercício; e teste-t dependente para comparar os valores de delta (final-inicial) ( ) e o tempo de esteira entre os grupos chá e água. Resultados: Quando foram avaliados todos os indivíduos, notou-se maior concentração de lactato e redução das concentrações de ALT no grupo chá mate. No grupo PTE , quando houve consumo de chá mate notou-se maior tempo de esteira, lactato e ácido úrico do que o grupo que consumiu água. No grupo MTE não foi observado aumento das concentrações ...
Background: Yerba mate tea (Ilex Paraguariensis) is an herbal tea beverage consumed mainly in South America that presents components with antioxidant, antinflammatory, and possible ergogenic properties. It is known that exercise increases oxidative stress and muscle damage, and then mate tea intake could show beneficial effects. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of acute intake of yerba mate on blood markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in female soccer players exposed to exhaustive exercise. Methods: 15 female soccer players (22.1 ± 4.2 years old) were studied randomized with either 5g of soluble yerba mate (400 ml) or 400 ml of water cross-overly with 7 days of washout. Both liquids were given after an overnight fasting and before 60 minutes of a treadmill incremental test up to exhaustion. All subjects were fed with 30g of maltodextrin 30 minutes before the beginning of the test. From the treadmill performance of the drinking-water players it was evaluated all the individuals and also was created the sub groups of Higher Run Time (HRT, n=8) and the others (WRT, n=7). Blood samples were collected before and immediately post-exercise and assayed for markers of tissue integrity (enzymes CK, AST and ALT), antioxidants (TAP and uric acid), oxidants (MDA) and anaerobiosis (lactate). It was used repeated-measures ANOVA to compare the variables in basal, pre and post-exercise; and t-test dependent to compare the delta (final-initial) values ( ) and time of treadmill run between groups, for p<0.05. Results: In all the individuals it was noted higher lactate and lower ALT levels after the exercise in mate group. The yerba mate tea group showed longer treadmill run along with higher increase of lactate and uric acid than the water group in the WRT sub group. In HRT it was observed no increase in AST and lower ALT levels in mate tea group. Conclusion: Yerba mate intake by female soccer players increased tolerance to exhaustive exercise ...
Oliveira, Erick Prado de. "Efeito do consumo agudo de erva mate sobre o rendimento físíco em esteira ergométrica e indicadores metabólicos da exaustão em jogadores profissionais de futebol /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114041.
Full textBanca: Nailza Maesta
Banca: Kátia Cristina Portero McLellan
Banca: Fábio Lera Orsatti
Banca: Leone Simonetti
Resumo: Introdução: A erva mate (Ilex Paraguariensis) é uma bebida consumida principalmente na América do Sul e contém componentes com função antioxidante e possíveis propriedades ergogênicas. Sabe-se que o exercício eleva o estresse oxidativo e a lesão muscular, portanto o consumo do chá mate poderia proporcionar efeitos benéficos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do consumo agudo de chá mate nos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e lesão muscular em jogadoras de futebol profissional que foram expostas ao exercício exaustivo. Métodos: Quinze jogadoras de futebol (22,1 ± 4,2 anos) foram avaliadas de forma randomizada consumindo 5g de chá mate solúvel (400 ml) ou 400 ml de água em estudo cruzado com 7 dias de washout. Ambas as bebidas foram fornecidas após jejum noturno e 60 minutos antes de um teste incremental de esteira até a exaustão. Todos os indivíduos ingeriram 30g de maltodextrina 30 minutos antes do início do teste. Por meio do desempenho no teste de esteira do grupo água, foram criados dois subgrupos com os indivíduos com o melhor tempo de esteira (MTE, n=8) e os outros com pior tempo de esteira (PTE, n=7). Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas em jejum, pré e pós-exercício, sendo avaliados marcadores de lesão muscular (CK, AST and ALT), antioxidante (TAP e ácido úrico), estresse oxidativo (MDA) e anaerobiose (lactato). Foi utilizado ANOVA de medidas repetidas para comparar as variáveis basal, pré e pós exercício; e teste-t dependente para comparar os valores de delta (final-inicial) ( ) e o tempo de esteira entre os grupos chá e água. Resultados: Quando foram avaliados todos os indivíduos, notou-se maior concentração de lactato e redução das concentrações de ALT no grupo chá mate. No grupo PTE, quando houve consumo de chá mate notou-se maior tempo de esteira, lactato e ácido úrico do que o grupo que consumiu água. No grupo MTE não foi observado aumento das concentrações...
Abstract: Background: Yerba mate tea (Ilex Paraguariensis) is an herbal tea beverage consumed mainly in South America that presents components with antioxidant, antinflammatory, and possible ergogenic properties. It is known that exercise increases oxidative stress and muscle damage, and then mate tea intake could show beneficial effects. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of acute intake of yerba mate on blood markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in female soccer players exposed to exhaustive exercise. Methods: 15 female soccer players (22.1 ± 4.2 years old) were studied randomized with either 5g of soluble yerba mate (400 ml) or 400 ml of water cross-overly with 7 days of washout. Both liquids were given after an overnight fasting and before 60 minutes of a treadmill incremental test up to exhaustion. All subjects were fed with 30g of maltodextrin 30 minutes before the beginning of the test. From the treadmill performance of the drinking-water players it was evaluated all the individuals and also was created the sub groups of Higher Run Time (HRT, n=8) and the others (WRT, n=7). Blood samples were collected before and immediately post-exercise and assayed for markers of tissue integrity (enzymes CK, AST and ALT), antioxidants (TAP and uric acid), oxidants (MDA) and anaerobiosis (lactate). It was used repeated-measures ANOVA to compare the variables in basal, pre and post-exercise; and t-test dependent to compare the delta (final-initial) values ( ) and time of treadmill run between groups, for p<0.05. Results: In all the individuals it was noted higher lactate and lower ALT levels after the exercise in mate group. The yerba mate tea group showed longer treadmill run along with higher increase of lactate and uric acid than the water group in the WRT sub group. In HRT it was observed no increase in AST and lower ALT levels in mate tea group. Conclusion: Yerba mate intake by female soccer players increased tolerance to exhaustive exercise ...
Doutor
Jones, Robert Ian. "The influence of soccer-specific fatigue on the risk of thigh injuries in amateur black African players." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001841.
Full textKeegan, Sean J. "The relationship between muscle activity and shock transmission during treadmill running." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1177977.
Full textSchool of Physical Education
Gonçalves, Lívia de Souza [UNESP]. "Efeitos da suplementação da quercetina sobre o rendimento físico em esteira ergométrica e indicadores metabólicos do exercício exaustivo em atletas de futebol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113893.
Full textO futebol é um esporte com característica intermitente pela realização de esforços de alta intensidade e curta duração, interposto por períodos de menor intensidade e duração variável. As atividades dos jogadores durante a temporada competitiva são intensas, podendo promover alterações metabólicas, principalmente no músculo esquelético. As elevadas contrações musculares excêntricas induzem danos e respostas inflamatórias, que podem influenciar a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) durante e depois de esforço no futebol. Além disso, o exercício exaustivo promove danos musculares, que são induzidos principalmente por estresse mecânico resultando em aumento substancial de proteínas intracelulares no plasma. Diversas pesquisas estão sendo realizadas para descobrir se a ingestão de antioxidantes possa prevenir os danos causados pelo exercício exaustivo, melhorando o processo de recuperação do exercício. A quercetina é um composto de flavonoides que tem sido investigada por apresentar benefícios para saúde, além de propriedades ergogênicas. Suas atividades biológicas estão ligadas a capacidade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória. Dentre suas diversas funções, a quercetina parece aumentar a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes naturais como a superóxido dismutase e catalase. Também age inibindo a ação da xantina oxidase, principal fonte de EROs durante exercícios intensos de curta duração, atenuando o estresse oxidativo e resposta inflamatória, principalmente in vitro. Seu efeito no desempenho está relacionado com o aumento do processo de biogênese mitocondrial por meio das vias de sinalização intracelular. Apesar dos resultados controversos na literatura acerca do efeito ergogênico da quercetina, as meta-análises existentes indicam que há pequeno, porém significante benefício no desempenho
The soccer is a sport with intermittent feature for conducting efforts of high intensity and short duration, brought by periods of lower intensity and variable duration. The activities of the players during the competitive season are intense and may promote metabolic changes, particularly in skeletal muscle. The high eccentric muscle contractions induce damage and inflammatory responses, which may influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during and after an effort in soccer. Furthermore, the exhaustive exercise promotes muscle damage which are mainly driven by mechanical stress resulting in a substantial increase of intracellular proteins in plasma. Several studies are being conducted to find out if the intake of antioxidants may prevent damage caused by exhaustive exercise, improving the process of recovery from exercise. Quercetin is a flavonoid compound which has been investigated for presenting health benefits beyond ergogenic properties. Their biological activities are linked to antioxidant capacity and anti inflammatory. Among its many functions, quercetin appears to increase the activity of natural antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Also acts by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase, the main source of ROS during intense exercise of short duration, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, especially in vitro. Its effect on performance associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis process by means of intracellular signaling pathways. Despite the controversial results in the literature about the ergogenic effect of quercetin, existing meta-analyzes indicate that there is a small but significant performance benefit
Gonçalves, Lívia de Souza. "Efeitos da suplementação da quercetina sobre o rendimento físico em esteira ergométrica e indicadores metabólicos do exercício exaustivo em atletas de futebol /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113893.
Full textCoorientador: Erick Prado de Oliveira
Banca: Fernando Moreto
Banca: Nailza Maestá
Resumo: O futebol é um esporte com característica intermitente pela realização de esforços de alta intensidade e curta duração, interposto por períodos de menor intensidade e duração variável. As atividades dos jogadores durante a temporada competitiva são intensas, podendo promover alterações metabólicas, principalmente no músculo esquelético. As elevadas contrações musculares excêntricas induzem danos e respostas inflamatórias, que podem influenciar a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) durante e depois de esforço no futebol. Além disso, o exercício exaustivo promove danos musculares, que são induzidos principalmente por estresse mecânico resultando em aumento substancial de proteínas intracelulares no plasma. Diversas pesquisas estão sendo realizadas para descobrir se a ingestão de antioxidantes possa prevenir os danos causados pelo exercício exaustivo, melhorando o processo de recuperação do exercício. A quercetina é um composto de flavonoides que tem sido investigada por apresentar benefícios para saúde, além de propriedades ergogênicas. Suas atividades biológicas estão ligadas a capacidade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória. Dentre suas diversas funções, a quercetina parece aumentar a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes naturais como a superóxido dismutase e catalase. Também age inibindo a ação da xantina oxidase, principal fonte de EROs durante exercícios intensos de curta duração, atenuando o estresse oxidativo e resposta inflamatória, principalmente in vitro. Seu efeito no desempenho está relacionado com o aumento do processo de biogênese mitocondrial por meio das vias de sinalização intracelular. Apesar dos resultados controversos na literatura acerca do efeito ergogênico da quercetina, as meta-análises existentes indicam que há pequeno, porém significante benefício no desempenho
Abstract: The soccer is a sport with intermittent feature for conducting efforts of high intensity and short duration, brought by periods of lower intensity and variable duration. The activities of the players during the competitive season are intense and may promote metabolic changes, particularly in skeletal muscle. The high eccentric muscle contractions induce damage and inflammatory responses, which may influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during and after an effort in soccer. Furthermore, the exhaustive exercise promotes muscle damage which are mainly driven by mechanical stress resulting in a substantial increase of intracellular proteins in plasma. Several studies are being conducted to find out if the intake of antioxidants may prevent damage caused by exhaustive exercise, improving the process of recovery from exercise. Quercetin is a flavonoid compound which has been investigated for presenting health benefits beyond ergogenic properties. Their biological activities are linked to antioxidant capacity and anti inflammatory. Among its many functions, quercetin appears to increase the activity of natural antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Also acts by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase, the main source of ROS during intense exercise of short duration, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, especially in vitro. Its effect on performance associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis process by means of intracellular signaling pathways. Despite the controversial results in the literature about the ergogenic effect of quercetin, existing meta-analyzes indicate that there is a small but significant performance benefit
Mestre
Cochrane, Jodie L. "Training to alter the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in sporting manoeuvres." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0035.
Full textVenable, Adam Steven. "The Effect of Curcumin Supplementation on Physical and Biological Indices of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Inflammation Following Muscle Injury." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801906/.
Full textVaile, Joanna. "Effect of hydrotherapy on recovery of muscle-damage and exercise-induced fatigue." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0221.
Full textEksteen, Gabriel Johannes. "Satellite cell proliferation in response to a chronic laboratory-controlled uphill vs. downhill interval training intervention." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2218.
Full textDespite a growing interest into the mechanisms of the repeated bout effect, little is known about the consequences of chronic eccentrically biased training and the possible advantageous such training may offer to athletes as well as patients with muscle-debilitating disease. This study investigated the role of satellite cells in the muscle adaptation in response to either downhill or uphill high intensity training (HIT). Welltrained endurance runners were divided into two training groups matched for training volume and 10 km running times (n = 6, uphill training, UP; n = 6, downhill training, DH) and subjects in both groups completed 10 HIT sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Running performance was tested before and after the training intervention by a 10 km road race and peak treadmill speed (PTS) in horizontal and inclined (+5%) laboratory incremental tests to exhaustion. Skeletal muscle biopsies were sampled at baseline, after 2 HIT sessions, and after 4 weeks of HIT. Muscle was analysed immunohistochemically for satellite cell frequency as identified by CD56 and M-cadherin (Mcad) expression. Myogenin protein contents of muscle homogenates were determined by western blotting. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform proportions and mean fibre crosssectional area was measured. During the HIT intervention, UP exercised at a higher percentage of their HRmax than DH (mean ± SD, 97 ± 1 vs. 92 ± 3 %HRmax, p < 0.005), but at a similar rate of perceived exertion (RPE). DH completed more intervals per session and covered greater distance per session than their UP counterparts. Both training groups increased their training intensity but decreased their training volume during the 4 weeks of HIT. The combined group of 12 athletes improved their PTSgradient (mean ± SD, 16.7 ± 0.8 vs. 17.3 ± 1.0 km/h, p < 0.05). No significant differences between groups were found for PTS, VO2max or 10 km performance. Satellite cell frequency in this cohort of trained runners (48.9 ± 10.3 km/week) at baseline was similar to healthy young males (CD56+ cells/fibre, 0.19 ± 0.10). Satellite cell frequency increased significantly in DH after 4 weeks (Mcad, 123%; CD56, 138%) and non-significantly in UP (Mcad, 45%, CD56, 39%). No significant differences were found after two training sessions or at any time between groups. Mcad and CD56 expression correlated well (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001). Muscle myogenin content increased for both groups (UP: 56%; DH: 60%) after 4 weeks. No notable changes were seen after two training sessions. However, myogenin levels 2 days after session 1 correlated well (r= 0.99, p<0.005) with muscle pain experienced on the same day, as measured by the visual analogue scale. No changes were seen in the MyHC proportions or the fibre cross-sectional area after the training intervention. It was concluded that the training intervention was too short to induce changes in MyHC distribution or fibre area. Is seems likely that satellite cell proliferation was initiated as an early response to DOMS, but the response was maintained for 4 weeks. However, due to the lack of change in fibre morphology and myonuclear number, the role of satellite cell proliferation in fibre type transformation or muscle hypertrophy could not be established. Similarly, various possible roles for increased myogenin protein are offered, but since the origin of myogenin expression (satellite cells vs. myonuclei) was not determined, no definite conclusion regarding the precise function can be made. In conclusion, this study is the first to definitively indicate satellite cell proliferation in well-trained endurance runners in response to a change in training, including specifically downhill HIT. This response was early and sustained. This study asks several questions about the role of satellite cells during muscle adaptation to repetitive downhill training, and lays a foundation for further research into this unexplored field.
Bogner, Jo-Anne Lesley Lee. "Discrimination between sincere and deceptive isokinetic knee extension response using segmental curve analysis." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040334/.
Full textWilson, Timm. "Effects of a modified straight leg raise on strength and muscle activity of the vastus medialis oblique in patients with patellofemoral malalignment." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865942.
Full textSchool of Physical Education
Kruger, Maria Jacoba. "Antioxidant (Oxiprovin TM) supplementation and muscle recovery from contusion injury - an in vivo study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21670.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Human studies on the response of muscle to contusion injury are limited, probably due to the large variability in injury severity and the non-specificity of clinical symptoms reported. To circumvent this problem, several experimental animal models have been designed to study muscle damage and regeneration after contusion injuries. However, the majority of techniques currently used to induce contusion injury are very invasive and therefore not optimal. Furthermore, published studies regarding clinical treatment of such injuries are limited. The main aims of this study were therefore: a) to establish and characterise an in vivo model of non-invasive contusion injury, and b) to assess the effect of pre-injury chronic administration of the antioxidant supplement Oxiprovin™ - a natural grape seed extract (GSE) - on skeletal muscle recovery after experimentallyinduced injury. Two groups of male Wistar rats were subjected to 14 days of oral administration of isovolaemic placebo (sterile isotonic saline) or GSE (20 mg/kg/day) prior to induced contusion. Contusion injury was induced with the mass-drop technique, and recovery parameters assessed for up to 14 days post-injury. Placebotreated rats on average exhibited a 56 % higher creatine kinase (CK) activity when compared to the GSE-treated rats when area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for 14 days post-injury (p < 0.001). In the placebo group, plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was unchanged over time, but muscle ORAC was significantly increased by day 7 post-injury (p < 0.001). In the GSE group, a significant decrease in both plasma (p < 0.01) and muscle ORAC (p < 0.001) was evident 4 hr after injury, followed by a significant increase by day 3 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively). CD34+ satellite cell (SC) numbers (quiescent and activated) peaked earlier in GSE-treated rats when compared to placebo-treated rats (4 hours vs. day 7 post-injury). Total satellite cell number (CD56+) also peaked earlier in GSE-treated rats than in placebo-treated rats (4 hours vs. 3 days post-injury), while M-cadherin+ SC numbers (quiescent, activated or proliferating) in both treatment groups were significantly increased 4 hours post-injury (p < 0.001), but more so in the placebo group. In GSE-treated rats when compared to placebo-treated rats, newly generated muscle fibres (displaying central nuclei and MHCf +) both appeared (day 3 vs. day 7 post-injury) and peaked in number (day 3 vs. day 7 post-injury; increase from baseline p < 0.001 for both) earlier. The results of this study demonstrate that we have successfully established an in vivo model for non-invasive contusion injury in rats. Furthermore, we have shown that Oxiprovin™: a) increased the ability to scavenge reactive species generated after injury and b) resulted in the activation of satellite cells and formation of newly generated muscle fibres at an earlier time point, thus accelerating the recovery of skeletal muscle after a standardised contusion injury.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Eksperimente aangaande die reaksie van spier op kneusings in mense is beperk, waarskynlik as gevolg van die groot verskeidenheid simptome wat mag voorkom en die verskille in die ernstigheid van beserings. Ten einde hierdie problem te oorbrug, is verskeie eksperimentele diermodelle opgestel om kneusings en die herstel van spier daarna te ondersoek. Die tegnieke wat grootendeels vandag gebruik word om kneusings te veroorsaak, maak inbraak op die spier deur die spier te ontbloot voor besering, en is dus nie ideaal nie. Daar is ook nie baie bewyse aangaande die mees geskikte manier om so ‘n besering klinies te behandel nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om: a) ‘n in vivo model van kneusings op te stel en te omskryf, en b) die effek van chroniese toediening van die antioksidant Oxiprovin™ - ‘n natuurlike druifsaad ekstrak (DSE) – op die herstel van skeletspier na ‘n kneusing te ondersoek. Twee groepe manlike Wistar rotte is onderwerp aan mondelikse toediening van isovolemiese plasebo (steriele isotoniese soutoplossing) of DSE (20 mg/kg/dag) vir ‘n tydperk van 14 dae voor kneusing. Kneusing is geïnduseer met die “massdrop” tegniek, en parameters van herstel is ondersoek tot en met 14 dae na besering. Plasebo-behandelde rotte het gemiddeld 56 % hoër kreatien kinase (KK) aktiwiteit in vergelyking met DSE-behandelde rotte (p < 0.001), toe die oppervlak onder die kurwe (OOK) tot en met 14 dae na besering bereken is. Geen verskil oor tyd is in die plasebo groep opgemerk toe plasma suurstof radikaal absorpsie kapasiteit (SRAK) bepaal is nie, maar ‘n betekenisvolle toename in spier SRAK teen dag 7 (p < 0.001) is waargeneem. ‘n Betekenisvolle afname in beide plasma (p < 0.01) en spier (p < 0.001) SRAK van die DSE is teen 4 hr waargeneem, gevolg deur ‘n betekenisvolle toename teen dag 3 na besering (p < 0.05 en p < 0.001 onderskeidelik). Die aantal CD34+ satelliet selle (SS – rustend en geaktiveerd) het beduidend vroeër in die DSE groep gestyg in vergelyking met die plasebo groep (4 uur vs. 7 dae na besering). Die totale aantal SS (CD56+) het ook vroeër in die DSE-behandelde rotte as die plasebobehandelde rotte gestyg (4 uur vs. 3 dae na besering), terwyl die aantal Mcadherin+ SS (rustend, geaktiveerd of prolifererend) betenisvol gestyg het in beide groepe teen 4 uur (p < 0.001) na besering, maar hoër in die plasebo groep was. Die aantal nuutgevormde spiervesels (met sentraal geleë nukleï en MHCf +) het beide vroeër verskyn en gepiek in die DSE-behandelde rotte in vergelyking met die plasebo-behandelde rotte (dag 3 vs. dag 7 na besering). Die resultate van hierdie studie dui aan dat ons instaat was om ‘n in vivo model van nie-indringende kneusing in rotte op te stel. Verder, het ons ook bewys dat Oxiprovin™ toediening die vermoë verleen het om: a) reaktiewe spesies wat na beserings gevorm word, meer doeltreffend te verwyder en b) satelliet selle vroeër te aktiveer en die vorming van nuwe skeletspiervesels te vervroeg, om sodoende die herstel van skeletspier na ‘n gestandardiseerde kneusing vinniger te bewerkstellig.
Schafer, Carol Linda. "Development of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standing." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25845.
Full textMonteleone, Gina Marie. "The effects three different anterior knee pain treatments have on strength and performance." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1129635.
Full textSchool of Physical Education
Haidamus, Leandro Lopes. "A suplementação com acidos graxos polinsaturados omega-3 reduziu a concentração plasmatica de eicosanoides pro-inflamatorios, da enzima lactato desidrogenase e de lesões musculares em ratos submetidos a sessões de natação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256329.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:09:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Haidamus_LeandroLopes_D.pdf: 785768 bytes, checksum: a63544a849a7db50b64812194be804ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O uso de drogas antiinflamatórias é comum entre atletas nos quais a prevalência de lesões musculares é elevada tanto nos períodos de treinamento e competição. Entretanto, algumas dessas drogas possuem ação imunossupressiva, que quando utilizadas em grande quantidade ou por tempo prolongado pode provocar queda nas respostas imunológicas. O objetivo da presente Tese foi verificar se a suplementação com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3 ocasionaria uma redução, tanto nas concentrações plasmáticas dos indicadores de lesão muscular (enzima lactato desidrogenase e creatina quinase) como dos mediadores químicos da inflamação da série ¿2¿ (prostaglandina E2, tromboxano B2 e leucotrieno B4) derivados do ácido araquidônico (C20:4, ?-6) e das alterações morfológicas do músculo esquelético. O experimento foi desenvolvido com 36 ratos Wistar distribuídos ao acaso em quatro grupos experimentais com nove ratos. Os grupos formados eram os seguintes: Grupo 1 - ratos sedentários sem suplementação; Grupo 2 - ratos sedentários com suplementação; Grupo 3 - ratos submetidos às sessões de natação (60 minutos diários), com carga de peso extra crescente, sem suplementação e Grupo 4 ¿ ratos submetidos às sessões de natação, com carga de peso extra crescente, com suplementação. A suplementação era feita por gavagem utilizando-se 3,0 g diárias de óleo de peixe contendo AGPI ?-3 (EPA: 187,0 mg/g e DHA: 140,0 mg/g) durante 28 dias. Os grupos não suplementados receberam 3,0 g de azeite de oliva diariamente (grupo controle). Os ratos receberam dieta não purificada de fórmula fechada (MP-77- Primor) e água à vontade, sendo os pesos avaliados semanalmente. Os indicadores de lesão muscular (LDH e CK), análise histológica e morfométrica das fibras musculares esqueléticas bem como os mediadores do processo inflamatório (PGE2, TXB2 e LTB4) foram determinados no final do experimento. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a suplementação com AGPI ?-3 reduziu a concentração plasmática da enzima LDH, tanto nos animais sedentários como nos submetidos ao treinamento físico (p<0,05). Com relação aos mediadores químicos da inflamação (PGE2, TXB2 e LTB4) as concentrações plasmáticas reduziram significativamente (p<0,05) nos animais sedentários, mas não reduziram nos animais submetidos ao exercício físico. No entanto, ao se observar esse resultado, verificou-se que em todos os mediadores químicos houve uma redução nos valores absolutos nos animais suplementados com AGPI ?-3. Pela análise histológica das fibras musculares mostrou que nos grupos treinados, os ratos não suplementados apresentaram as seguintes alterações morfológicas: presença de processo de fagocitose de fibra muscular, fibra atrófica e fibras polimórficas, enquanto que nos ratos suplementados, a análise histológica mostrou uma redução acentuada dessas alterações o que resultou na quase inexistência de lesões musculares. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, pode ser sugerido de que ação antiinflamatória dos AGPI ?-3 nos ratos e por extensão em atletas, seria maior se a suplementação fosse realizada diariamente independentemente do período de treinamento
Abstract: The use of antiinflammatory drugs is common among athletes in which the prevalence of muscular lesions is elevated in training and competition periods. However, some of those drugs have an immunosuppression action, and when used in high dosages or for long time can provoke a decrease in the immunological responses. The objective of the present Thesis was to verify if the supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 would cause a reduction, in the plasmatic concentrations of the indicators of muscular lesion (lactate dehidrogenase enzyme and creatine kinase) as well as in the chemical mediators of the inflammation of the series ¿2¿ (prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2 and leukotriene B4) derived of arachidonic acid (C20:4, ?-6) and the morphologic alterations of skeletal muscle. The experiment was developed with 36 Wistar rats distributed at random in four experimental groups with nine rats. The formed groups were the following: Group 1 - sedentary rats without supplementation; Group 2 - sedentary rats with supplementation; Group 3 - rats submitted to swimming sessions (60 minutes daily), with load of gaining extra weight, without supplementation and Group 4 - rats submitted to swimming sessions, with load of gaining extra weight, with supplementation. The supplementation was made daily by ¿gavage¿ using 3,0g of fish oil containing AGPI ?-3 (EPA: 187,0 mg/g and DHA: 140,0 mg/g) for 28 days. The groups not supplemented received 3,0g of olive oil daily (control group). The rats received a non-purified diet of closed formula (MP-77-Primor) and water was ad libitum, with their weight being checked weekly. The indicators of muscular lesion (LDH and CK), histological and morphometric analyses of the skeletal muscular fibers as well as the mediators of the inflammatory process (PGE2, TXB2 and LTB4) were determinated at the end of the experiment. The obtained results indicate that the supplementation with AGPI ?-3 did reduce the plasmatic concentration of the LDH enzyme in the sedentary animals as well as in the animals submitted to the physical training (p<0,05). With respect to the chemical mediators of the inflammation (PGE2, TXB2 and LTB4) the plasmatic concentrations were reduced significantly (p < 0,05) in the sedentary animals, but were not reduced in the animals submitted to the physical exercise. However, by observing this results, it was verified that in all of the chemical mediators there was a reduction in the absolute values in the supplemented animals with AGPI ?-3. By the histological analysis of the muscular fibers showed that in the trained groups, the no supplemented rats had the following morphologic alterations: presence of the process of phagocytosis of muscular fiber, atrophic fiber, polymorphic fibers, while that in the supplemented rats, the histological analysis showed an accentuated reduction of those alterations that resulted in an almost inexistence of muscular lesions. Having in mind the obtained results, it can be suggested that the antiinflammatory action of AGPI ?-3 in the rats and for extension in athletes, would be improved if the supplementation was administered daily independently of the training period
Doutorado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
Loos, Benjamin. "Signalling mechanisms involved in TNF-α mediated cytoprotection during ischaemic injury in a C2C12 muscle cell line." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17377.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Both, the cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and the enzyme cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) are crucial driving forces in mediating the cellular inflammatory response and are involved in ischaemic injury. During an ischaemic insult, TNF-α is endogenously generated. Apart from the recognized effects of TNF- α, such as the induction of apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation, if present in low dosages, it also mediates cytoprotective effects. Upon activation, cPLA2 contributes to the ischaemic challenge with the generation of mediators of cellular injury and apoptosis. Upon stimulation, this calcium dependent enzyme translocates to the phospholipid compartment of the cell membrane and induces the hydrolysis of sn-2 ester bonds in phospholipids. It governs the release of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids and generates role players of inflammation. We suggest a role for cPLA2 in the TNF-α mediated cytoprotection, with a distinct phosphorylation and translocation pattern. Aims The involvement of cPLA2 in TNF-α mediated cytoprotection in the C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cell line in tolerance to ischaemia was examined. To investigate the nature of the cPLA2 phosphorylation pattern, the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) as contributors to cPLA2 phosphorylation and activation, were examined at appropriate time points. To dissect out the cPLA2 interplay and dependencies with these MAPKs within the pathway context, the selective cPLA2 inhibitor arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) was employed and its effect on cell viability was examined. Fluorescence microscopy was used to substantiate cPLA2 activation, by assessing its cellular distribution, translocation and cell organelle target preference, using co-localization and z-stack techniques. In addition, the induction of the apoptotic pathway through analysis of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage was examined. The role of caspase-3 in cPLA2 turnover was addressed employing the caspase inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK. Methods Cells were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and incubated under 5% CO2 conditions, until 50%-70% confluent. Using DMEM supplemented with 1% horse serum, cell differentiation into myotubes was induced. Differentiated cells were preconditioned for 30 min classically, with 0.5 ng/ml TNF-α or the cPLA2 selective inhibitor AACOCF3 (10 μM) respectively. Followed by a 60 min washout period the cells were subjected to 8 hrs simulated ischaemia. Cellular viability; and cPLA2 phosphorylation- and translocation events were assessed using Western blots and advanced immunocytochemistry and imaging techniques. Results Preconditioning with TNF-α, ischaemic preconditioning; and the use of the cPLA2 inhibitor AACOCF3, attenuated the decrease is cell viability brough about by ischaemia. Western blot analysis indicates the induction of the apoptotic pathway with caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. A significantly reduced translocation of pcPLA2 to the nuclear region in the TNF-α preconditioned group compared to the ischaemic group, as reflected by reduced mean nuclear fluorescence intensity, was observed. A z-stack analysis confirmed that the nuclear and endonuclear region was the target organelle for cPLA2. 3-dimensional co-localazation analysis of pcPLA2 with the nuclear marker nucleoporin p62 mirrored these results. Discussion and conclusion Our results provide evidence that there is a role for cPLA2 in TNF-α mediated cytoprotection. Although we do not observe a differential activation pattern in terms of cPLA2 phosphorylation at various time points within the ischaemic event, and no differential inactivation of cPLA2 via caspase-mediated cPLA2 cleavage, we describe a differential cPLA2 translocation pattern, similar to that in IPC. Through inhibition of cPLA2 translocation, a functional cPLA2 inhibition might be achieved. This would imply inhibition of the inflammatory pathway and a subsequent reduction in the generation of inflammatory mediators. In addition we describe an effect of TNF-α preconditioning on the efficacy of the caspase inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK. Our results shed light on the survival mechanisms employed by the ischaemically challenged cell in a setting of TNF-α mediated cytoprotection. This might lead to novel approaches in the context of inflammation treatment, through agents that control differential cPLA2 trafficking within the cell.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beide, die sitokien “Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)” en die ensiem, sitosoliese fosfolipase A2 (cPLA2) is uiters belangrike bemiddelaars van die sellulêre inflammatoriese respons en is verder ook betrokke by isgemiese selskade. TNF-α word endogeen gegenereer tydens ‘n isgemiese intervensie. Afgesien van ‘n verskeidenheid effekte, soos die inisiëring van apoptose, sel-proliferasie en - differensiasie, bemiddel dit ook selbeskermende meganismes indien dit in lae konsentrasies in die sel teenwoordig is. Na aktivering dra cPLA2 by tot die isgemiese intervensie deur die vorming van bemiddelaars van selskade en apoptose. Hierdie kalsium-afhanklike ensiem translokeer na die fosfolipied membraankomponent na stimulering en induseer die hidrolise van die sn-2 esterbinding in die fosfolipied. Die vrystelling van vry vetsure en lisofosfolipiede word sodoende bewerkstellig wat verder gemetaboliseer kan word tot inflammatoriese bemiddelaars. Ons stel voor dat cPLA2 ‘n rol in TNF-α bemiddelde selbeskerming speel en dat dit gepaardgaan met kenmerkende fosforilerings- en translokeringspatrone. Doelwitte Die rol van cPLA2 tydens TNF-α bemiddelde selbeskerming is in ‘n C2C12 skeletspiersellyn na blootstelling aan isgemie ondersoek. Die rol van die MAPKs, p38 en ERK, is ondersoek om vas te stel of hulle betrokke is by die aktivering van cPLA2. Die selektiewe cPLA2 inhibitor, AACOCF3, is gebruik om te bepaal of die fosforilering van MAPKs ook cPLA2-afhanklik is. Die sellulêre cPLA2 verspreiding, translokering en teiken selorganelle is ook ondersoek met behulp van fluoresensie mikroskopie deur gebruik te maak van ko-lokalisering en z-plaat tegnieke. Verder, is die indusering van die apoptotiese paaie ondersoek deur tegnieke wat kaspase- en PARP kliewing meet. Die kaspase inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, is gebruik om vas te stel of kaspase-3 ‘n rol speel in cPLA2 kliewing in ons selmodel. Metodes Selle is gekweek in Dulbecco’s gemodifiseerde Eagles Medium (DMEM) waarby 10% fetale kalf serum (FBS) gevoeg is, en wat geïnkubeer is in 5% CO2 totdat dit 50%-70% konfluent was. Die selle is verder gedifferensieer in miobuise deur gebruik te maak van DMEM waarby 1% perdeserum gevoeg is. Gedifferensieerde selle is vir 30 min klassiek geprekondisioneer asook respektiewelik met 0.5 ng/ml TNF-α en die cPLA2 selektiewe inhibitor, AACOCF3 (10 μM). Na ‘n 60 minute uitwas periode is die selle blootgestel aan 8 h gesimuleerde isgemie. Sellulêre lewensvatbaarheid, cPLA2 fosforilering- and translokering is ondersoek deur onderskeidelik gebruik te maak van die “Western” klad metode en gesofistikeerde immunositochemiese beeld tegnieke. Resultate Prekondisionering met TNF-α, isgemiese prekondisionering asook inhibisie van as cPLA2 met die inhibitor, AACOCF3, het ‘n beduidende toename in sellewensvatbaarheid tot gevolg gehad. Daar is ook dmv die “Western” klad tegniek bewys dat apoptose geïduseer word deur middel van kaspase-3- en PARP kliewing. Daar is insiggewend minder translokasie van cPLA2 na die nukluêre fraksie in die isgemiese groep in vergelyking met die TNF-α geprekondisioneerde groep waargeneem (die gemiddelde nukluêre fluoreserende intensiteit is bepaal om voorafgaande feit te staaf). Die cPLA2 teiken organel is geverifieer as die nukleus en die endonukluêre gebied deur middel van z-plaat analises. Drie-dimensionele kolokaliserings analises van pcPLA2 met die nukluêre merker, nucleoporin p62 het hierdie resultate bevestig. Bespreking en Gevolgtrekking Ons resultate verskaf bewyse vir ‘n rol vir cPLA2 in TNF-α bemiddelde selbeskerming. Alhoewel daar nie ‘n differensiële aktiveringspatroon in terme van cPLA2 fosforilering tydens verskeie tydspunte in die isgemiese intervensie waargeneem is nie, en ook geen kaspase-3 bemiddelde kliewing van cPLA2 nie, word ‘n differensiële translokeringspatroon soorgelyk aan die isgemiese prekondisioneringsgroep, waargeneem. Funsksionele cPLA2 inhibisie kan dus moontlik bewerkstellig word deur inhibisie van cPLA2 translokasie. Die inflammatoriese respons kan dus moontlik so inhibieer word en die vorming van minder inflammatoriese bemiddelaars tot gevolg hê. Verder het TNF-α prekondisionering ook ‘n effek op die effektiwiteit van die kaspase-inhibitor, ZDEVD- FMK. Ons resultate werp ook lig op die meganismes wat deur selle onder isgemiese toestande uitgeoefen word tydens TNF-α bemiddelde selbeskerming. Hierdie resultate mag lei tot nuwe benaderings in die konteks van behandeling teen inflammasie deur gebruik te maak van middels wat cPLA2 translokering in die sel beheer.
Foster, Michele. "A window of opportunity : referral from acute care to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16181.pdf.
Full textBaldan, Cristiano Schiavinato. "Influência do tempo de irradiação da terapia por ultrassom sobre o tecido conjuntivo no processo de reparação muscular de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-26032013-151130/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to analyze the ultrasonic therapy effect on repair process in rats under muscular injury. The sample included 61 Wistar rats, randomly distributed in 9 groups: control, 4LMST (muscular injury / euthanasia in 4th postoperative day), 7LMST (muscular injury / euthanasia in 7th postoperative day), 4US2 (muscular injury / 2 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 4th day), 7US2 (muscular injury / 2 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 7th), 4US4 (muscular injury / 4 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 4th day), 7US4 (muscular injury / 4 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 7th day), 4US6 (muscular injury / 6 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 4th day), 7US6 (muscular injury / 6 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 7th day). All animals from the 4US2, 7US2, 4US4, 7US4, 4US6 and 7US6 groups were irradiated with the same 1 MHz ultrasonic therapeutic frequency, 100Hz pulse repetition frequency, 2 ms pulse duration, 0,5 W/cm2 intensity. The ultrasonic waves emission occurred as pulsed. The beam nonuniformity rate (NBR) was less than 6.0 and the effective radiation area (ERA) was 0,5 cm2. The injury was performed through an operative procedure in order to produce a transverse section of 1 cm length and 3 mm deep in rat gastrocnemius muscles, from 2.5 cm of the calcaneus bone. It was realized birefringence and picrosirius analysis. The animals from the group 4US4 showed an optical delay lower than the 4th postoperative euthanasia animals. The animals from the groups 7US4 and 7US6 showed a total collagen percentual higher than the other injured and treated animals and the same percentual of control animals. Therefore, we concluded the ultrasonic therapy, with irradiation times of 4 and 6 minutes per session, increases the total intramuscular collagen, lesion limited, since a 7-day ultrasonic therapy is followed, which is able to diminish collagen optical delay in the lesion, in early tissue repair process (until 4th postoperative day), if irradiated for 4 minutes per session
Schneider, Jillian Claire Zillmer Eric Moelter Stephen T. "Emotional sequelae of sports-related injuries : concussive and orthopedic injuries /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1115.
Full textMurnyack, Roberta Michelle. "Development of a three-dimensional finite element model of lateral controlled cortical impact injury in the rat with geometry from magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17058.
Full textLin, Htein. "Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 10-14 years in Maseru, Lesotho." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textSchabort, Elske Jeanne. "The effect of the TGF-β isoforms on progenitor cell recruitment and differentiation into cardiac and skeletal muscle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1295.
Full textDefinition: Stem cells are unspecialised cells with the capacity for long-term self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell-lineages. The potential for the application of stem cells in clinical settings has had a profound effect on the future of regenerative medicine. However, to be of greater therapeutic use, selection of the most appropriate cell type, as well as optimisation of stem cell incorporation into the damaged tissue is required. In adult skeletal muscle, satellite cells are the primary stem cell population which mediate postnatal muscle growth. Following injury or in diseased conditions, these cells are activated and recruited for new muscle formation. In contrast, the potential of resident adult stem cell incorporation into the myocardium has been challenged and the response of cardiac tissue, especially to ischaemic injury, is scar formation. Following muscle damage, various growth factors and cytokines are released in the afflicted area which influences the recruitment and incorporation of stem cells into the injured tissue. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a member of the TGF-β-superfamily of cytokines and has at least three isoforms, TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3, which play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and regeneration following activation and stimulation of receptor-signalling pathways. By improving the understanding of how TGF-β affects these processes, it is possible to gain insight into how the intercellular environment can be manipulated to improve stem cell-mediated repair following muscle injury. Therefore, the main aims of this thesis were to determine the effect of the three TGF-β isoforms on proliferation, differentiation, migration and fusion of muscle progenitor cells (skeletal and cardiac) and relate this to possible improved mechanisms for muscle repair. The effect of short- and long-term treatment with all three TGF-β isoforms were investigated on muscle progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation using the C2C12 skeletal muscle satellite and P19 multipotent embryonal carcinoma cell-lineages as in vitro model systems. Cells were treated with 5 ng/mℓ TGF-β isoforms unless where stated otherwise. In C2C12 cells, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and localisation were analysed, and together with total nuclear counts, used to assess the effect of TGF-β on myoblast proliferation (Chapter 5). The myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and myogenin, and structural protein myosin heavy chain (MHC) were used as protein markers to assess early and terminal differentiation, respectively. To establish possible mechanisms by which TGF-β isoforms regulate differentiation, further analysis included determination of MyoD localisation and the rate of MyoD degradation in C2C12 cells. To assess the effect of TGF-β isoforms on P19 cell differentiation, protein expression levels of connexin-43 and MHC were analysed, together with the determination of embryoid body numbers in differentiating P19 cells (Chapter 6). Furthermore, assays were developed to analyse the effect of TGF-β isoforms on both C2C12 and P19 cell migration (Chapter 7), as well as fusion of C2C12 cells (Chapter 8). Whereas all three isoforms of TGF-β significantly increased proliferation of C2C12 cells, differentiation results, however, indicated that especially following long-term incubation, TGF-β isoforms delayed both early and terminal differentiation of C2C12 cells into myotubes. Similarly, myocyte migration and fusion were also negatively regulated following TGF-β treatment. In the P19 cell-lineage, results demonstrated that isoform-specific treatment with TGF-β1 could potentially enhance differentiation. Further research is however required in this area, especially since migration was greatly reduced in these cells. Taken together, results demonstrated variable effects following TGF-β treatment depending on the cell type and the duration of TGF-β application. Circulating and/or treatment concentrations of this growth factor could therefore be manipulated depending on the area of injury to improve regenerative processes. Alternatively, when selecting appropriate stem or progenitor cells for therapeutic application, the effect of the immediate environment and subsequent interaction between the two should be taken into consideration for optimal beneficial results.
Margand, Paul Marcus Buchanan. "Ultrastructural changes in electrically damaged x-enopus laevis sciatic nerve." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2217.
Full textAckermann, Tessa Ruth. "Minor "dings" - major effects? a study into the cognitive effects of mild head injuries in high school rugby." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002429.
Full textScholtz, Hendrik Johannes. "Fatal penetrating injuries of the chest." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26781.
Full textOttosson, Carin. "Somato-psycho-social aspects of recovery after traffic injuries /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-721-9/.
Full textHudson, Diana Stark. "Immersion- and recreationalboating related injuries in Alaska /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-454-6/.
Full textSpringer, H. Keo. "The development and validation of an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17859.
Full textOu, Jingxing. "Chronic wound state associated with cytoskeletal defects and exacerbated by oxidative stress in Pax6+/- aniridia-related keratopathy." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25200.
Full textWillemse, Hermanus Barend. "A strategy to facilitate renewed resilience to re-establish meaning for persons with spinal cord injuries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008119.
Full textCogger, Naomi. "Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in two- and three-year-old Australian Thoroughbred racehorses." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1611.
Full textThe aim of this research was to describe the epidemiology of musculoskeletal (MS) injuries in two- and three-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. A 27 month longitudinal study commencing in May 2000 was conducted. The study convenience sampled 14 trainers with facilities at metropolitan and provincial racetracks in New South Wales, Australia. In the 2000/01 and 2001/02 racing season, 323 and 128 two-year-olds, respectively, were enrolled in the study. The 451 Thoroughbred horses contributed, 1, 272 preparations and 78, 154 training days to the study. Of the 323 horses enrolled in the 2000/01 racing season, 219 contributed three-year-old data to the study. During the study period 8%, of training days had missing training data and 3% of the 1, 986 starts in the races or barrier trials were incorrectly recorded. The rate of incorrect entries varied with both study month and trainer. Similarly, the rate of training days with missing data varied between trainers and with study month. Four hundred and twenty-eight MS injuries were recorded in association with 395 preparations in 248 two- and three-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. The IR for all categories of MS injuries, except for tendon and ligament injuries, were higher in twoyear- olds than three-year-olds, although the differences were only significant for shin soreness. Seventy-eight percent of horses enrolled in the study started, in a barrier trial or race, within one year on entering the study. After accounting for other confounders, horses that had sustained a MS injury were 0.50 times less likely to start, in a race or trial, race than those that did not sustain an injury. Seventy percent of horses returned to training after their first MS injury, and the cumulative percentage of these horses that had recovered within six months of the initial MS injury was 55%. After adjusting for clustering at the level of the trainer, the analysis showed that horses that exercised at a gallop pace ≥ 890 m/minute (but had not started in a race) prior to the onset of MS injury, were 2.14 times more likely to recover than horses whose maximum speed, prior to the onset of the first MS injury, was less than 890 m/minute. Similarly, horses that had started in a race or barrier trial were 4.01 times more likely to recover than horses whose maximum speed was less than 890 m/minute. 8 Training days were grouped into units referred to as preparations. A preparation began on the day that the horse was enrolled in the study, or when a horse returned to training after an absence of more than seven days from the stable. The preparation continued until the horse was lost to follow-up or left the stable for a period of more than seven consecutive days. Univariable and multivariable analytical methods were used to examine the association between a range of independent variables and four preparationlevel measures of performance: (i) the duration of preparations, (ii) length of time from the beginning of the preparation until the first start in a race or barrier trial, (iii) length of time from the first start until the end of the preparation and (iv) rate of starts in races or barrier trials. After adjusting for confounders, younger horses tended to have shorter preparations, took longer to start in a race or barrier trial, had a shorter interval from the first start to the end of the preparation and fewer starts per 100 training days. MS injury was not conditionally associated with any of the outcomes considered in this chapter. Multivariate statistical models were used to explore risk factors for MS injuries. The results suggest that MS injuries involving structures in the lower forelimb (carpus to fetlock inclusive) could be reduced by limiting exposure to high-speed exercise. This supports the proposition that training injuries are caused by the accumulation of micro damage. The results suggest there are a number of other factors that vary at the trainer level that may be risk factors for injuries, in particular joint injuries. These include unmeasured variables such as the rate of increase in distance galloped at high-speed, conformation of the horse, skill of the riders and farrier and veterinary involvement.
Dakin, Stephanie Georgina. "The role of prostaglandins in equine tendinopathy." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572458.
Full textStrout, Teresa J. "Malingering of mild closed head injury sequelae with the neuropsychological symptom inventory : a study of the effect of prior knowledge." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1063204.
Full textDepartment of Educational Psychology
Granger, Nicolas. "Effects of intraspinal transplantation of mucosal olfactory ensheathing cells in chronic spinal cord injury in domestic dogs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608161.
Full textAniruth, Sunildutt. "Maxillofacial fractures in children attending the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full texts Hospital (RXH) for the past twenty years, no study had been undertaken to determine the age, gender, number of patients per year, aetiology, patterns, and management of maxillofacial fractures at this institution. A retrospective records based study was undertaken to determine these features. This study accessed the records of patients seen at the trauma unit at RXH, from 1994 to 2003 inclusive, and referred for maxillofacial attention.
One-hundred-and-five patient records were obtained and analyzed using the SPSS statistic package. One-hundred-and-twenty-seven fractures were recorded in one hundred and five patients. The age of the patients ranged from one to thirteen. Sixty-five male and forty female patients were seen. Dentoalveolar fractures were the most common fracture seen in both the midface and mandible. Midface fractures were more common than mandibular fractures. Falls, followed by motor vehicle accidents, were the most common cause of facial fractures. Most fractures were successfully managed by closed procedures. At this institution, nasal and frontal fractures have surprisingly little or no input from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Scarvell, Jennifer. "Kinematics and degenerative change in ligament-injured knees." University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4139.
Full textThe aim of the work presented in this thesis was to examine the associations between the kinematics of the knee characterised by the tibiofemoral contact pattern, and degenerative change, in the context of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. While the natural history of degenerative change following knee injury is well understood, the role of kinematics in these changes is unclear. Kinematics of the knee has been described in a variety of ways, most commonly by describing motion according to the six degrees of freedom of the knee. The advantage of mapping the tibiofemoral contact pattern is that it describes events at the articular surface, important to degenerative change. It was hypothesised that the tibiofemoral contact pattern would be affected by injury to the knee. A model of ACL injury was chosen because the kinematics of the knee have been shown to be affected by ACL injury, and because the majority of chronic ACL-deficient knees develop osteoarthritis, the associations between kinematics and degenerative change could be explored. A technique of tibiofemoral contact pattern mapping was established using MRI, as a quantifiable measure of knee kinematics. The tibiofemoral contact pattern was recorded from 0º to 90º knee flexion while subjects performed a leg-press against a 150N load, using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The technique was tested and found to be reliable, allowing a description of the tibiofemoral contact pattern in 12 healthy subjects. The tibiofemoral contact patterns of knee pathology were then examined in a series of studies of subjects at a variety of stages of chronicity of ligament injury and osteoarthritis. Twenty subjects with recent ACL injury, 23 subjects with chronic ACL deficiency of at least 10 years standing, and 14 subjects with established osteoarthritis of the knee were recruited. The 20 subjects with recent ACL injury were examined again at 12 weeks and 2 years following knee reconstruction. The tibiofemoral contact patterns were examined for each group of subjects and the associations between changes in the contact patterns and evidence of joint damage explored. Evidence of joint damage and severity of osteoarthritis were recorded from xrays, diagnostic MRI, operation reports and bone densitometry at the tibial and femoral condyles of the knee. Each of the three groups with knee pathology exhibited different characteristics in the tibiofemoral contact pattern, and these differences were associated with severity of joint damage and osteoarthritis. The recently ACL-injured knees demonstrated a tibiofemoral contact pattern that was posterior on the tibial plateau, particularly in the lateral compartment. Those with chronic ACL deficiency demonstrated differences in the contact pattern in the medial compartment, associated with severity of damage to the knee joint. Osteoarthritic knees showed reduced femoral roll back and longitudinal rotation that normally occur during knee flexion. Two years following knee reconstruction there was no difference between the contact pattern of the reconstructed and healthy contralateral knees. This technique of tibiofemoral contact pattern mapping is sensitive to the abnormal characteristics of kinematics in ligament injury and osteoarthritis. This is the first time the tibiofemoral contact characteristics of chronic ACL-deficient and osteoarthritis knees have been described and links examined between tibiofemoral contact patterns and degenerative change.
Tse, Yuen-kwan. "Impact of traumatic events on patients with physical injuries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29759304.
Full text林玊玲 and Yuk-ling Lam. "Patterns of musculoskeletal injuries in collegiate dancers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257264.
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