Dissertations / Theses: 'Muscles – Wounds and injuries'

1

Sole, Gisela, and n/a. "Neuromuscular control of thigh and gluteal muscles following hamstring injuries." University of Otago. School of Physiotherapy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081103.100628.

Full text

Abstract:

Although traditional prevention and management strategies for hamstring injuries have focussed on optimising muscle strength, flexibility and endurance, incidence and/or recurrence rates of these injuries remains high. A theoretical framework was developed considering additional factors that increase the stabilising demand of the hamstrings. These factors included loss of related stability at the knee and lumbopelvic regions and extrinsic factors during functional and sporting activities. The aims of this research were to determine whether electromyographic (EMG) derived hamstrings, quadriceps and gluteal muscle activation patterns as well as isokinetic torque generation patterns could differentiate athletes who had incurred a hamstring injury from uninjured control athletes. It was hypothesised that the EMG activity of the injured participants would be decreased compared to uninjured control participants during maximal activities, but increased during weight bearing activities. The research included the identification of laboratory-based tasks relevant to the function of the hamstring muscles; test-retest reliability of EMG variables recorded during these tasks; and a comparative cross-sectional study of hamstring-injured (hamstring group, HG) and control athletes (control group, CG). Electromyographic activation patterns were determined during assessment of concentric and eccentric isokinetic strength of the thigh muscles, during transition from double- to single-leg stance, and forward lunging. Isokinetic and EMG onset and amplitude variables were compared both within- and between-groups. Despite no significant differences for peak torque, the HG injured limb generated lower average eccentric flexor torque towards the outer range of motion in comparison to the HG uninjured limb (P = 0.034) and the CG bilateral average (P = 0.025). Furthermore, the EMG root mean square (RMS) decrease from the start to the end range of the eccentric flexor contraction was greater for the HG injured limb hamstrings than the CG bilateral average. During the transition from double- to single-leg stance, the EMG onsets of the HG injured limb (biceps femoris [BF] P < 0.001, medial hamstrings [MH] P = 0.001), and the HG uninjured limb (BF P = 0.023, MH P = 0.011) were earlier in comparison to the CG bilateral average. The transition normalised EMG RMS was significantly higher for the HG injured side BF (P = 0.032), MH (P = 0.039) and vastus lateralis (VL, P = 0.037) in comparison to the CG bilateral average. During the forward lunge, no significant differences were observed within- and between-groups for the normalised EMG amplitude prior to and following initial foot contact. These results suggest that during maximal isokinetic eccentric flexor contractions, the average torque and EMG activity is decreased towards the lengthened position of the hamstring-injured limb. This may be due to structural changes or neurophysiological inhibitory mechanisms. During the static weight bearing task an earlier onset of the HG hamstring muscles was evident in comparison to controls. The hamstrings and the VL of the injured limbs were activated at greater normalised amplitude. The increased muscle activation in the hamstring-injured limbs during the support phase may indicate a greater demand towards stability of the kinetic chain or changes in proprioceptive function. Future research should consider the mechanisms and clinical implications underlying a loss of eccentric flexor torque towards the outer range of contraction, and investigate why increased activation of thigh muscles occurs during the static weight bearing task in hamstring-injured athletes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Yeung, Wai Ella, and 楊慧. "Eccentric contraction-induced injury in mammalian skeletal muscle." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29750313.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Brown, Lisa Gill. "Effect of repeated eccentric demands placed on the lower limb musculature during simulated Rugby Union play." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005192.

Full text

Abstract:

Epidemiological studies consistently report that muscular strains are a primary injury type in rugby union with the majority of the strains occurring to the quadricep and hamstring musculature. Recently it has been suggested that poor eccentric muscular strength is a precursor to hamstring and quadriceps strains during intermittent sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration. Despite the high incidence of these muscle injuries in Rugby Union there has been little research into the possible mechanisms involved. Thus, the purpose of this study was to measure the physiological and perceptual responses during a simulated Rugby Union laboratory protocol and further, to identify changes in muscle recruitment patterns and muscle strength over time by comparing this protocol to a continuous, constant load protocol covering the same distance. The experimental condition (EXP) required university level players to perform 80 minutes of simulated rugby union play in a laboratory setting (on a walkway of 22m) which was compared to that of a control condition (CON) which involved subjects covering the same distance, at a constant speed of 4.2km.h-1 on a treadmill. Physiological, biophysical and perceptual responses were measured pre-, at half-time and post-protocol. Heart rate was significantly (p<0.01) greater as a result of EXP in comparison to the CON. Electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis was significantly (p<0.01) greater during the CON protocol. The EXP condition elicited higher iEMG activity in the hamstring musculature at all time intervals. In addition the iEMG of the semitendinosus decreased significantly (p<0.01) as a result of the EXP protocol. Peak eccentric knee extensors (EXT) (-13.19%) and flexors (FLEX) (-12.81%) torque decreased significantly during the experimental protocol. After passive half-time (236.67 + 56.27Nm (EXT) and 173.89 + 33.3NM (FLEX)) and at the end of the protocol (220.39 + 55.16Nm and 162.89 + 30.66Nm) reduced relative to pre protocol (253.89 + 54.54Nm and 186.83 + 33.3Nm). Peak eccentric knee extensors did not change during the control protocol. „Central‟ and ‟Local” Rating of Perceived Exertion values were significantly (P<0.01) greater during the EXP protocol with an increased incidence of hamstring discomfort and perceived pain (5 out of 10). The EXP protocol resulted in significantly (p<0.01) increased incidence of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In conclusion, a stop-start laboratory protocol elicited increased heart rate, negatively impacted on muscle activity of the hamstrings, decreased eccentric strength in the lower limb musculature, resulted in increased ratings of „Central‟ and „Local‟ exertion and increased pain perception and increased incidence of DOMS. Thus, a stop-start rugby specific laboratory protocol has a negative impact on performance. Due to the specificity of the protocol being designed to match the demands of competitive match play it is expected that these changes in heart rate, muscle activity and strength, particularly eccentric strength, will impact negativity on performance during rugby match play and increase the likelihood of injury

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Nottle, Carmel. "Proprioceptive and muscle activation changes in triceps surae associated with exercise induced muscle damage." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/779.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this thesis was to examine proprioceptive and activation changes that occur in triceps surae in response to exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD). While proprioceptive changes have previously been demonstrated in association with EIMD, the present investigation examined the role of a number of potential contributing factors to these changes, following both single and repeated bouts of eccentric exercise.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Girardin, Erika A. "Clinical outcomes of multiple ice treatments on signs and symptoms of exercised-induced muscle damage." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1179132.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of multiple ice treatments on the signs and symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage. Twenty-four women performed vigorous eccentric exercise of elbow flexors to induce muscle damage. Subjects were randomly assigned into one of three groups(control, experimental group 1, experimental group 2). Experimental groups 1 and 2 received two and six ice bag treatments respectively for two consecutive days post exercise-induced muscle damage. Dependent variables included pain perception, resting arm angle, bicep, forearm, and wrist circumferences, elbow range of motion, and plasma concentrations of creatine kinase. Baseline measurements were obtained on day one and were repeated every 24 hours post-exercise for five days. No significant differences were observed between groups. The results of this study indicate that ice bag treatments do not have any affect on signs/symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage.
School of Physical Education

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Zainuddin, Zainal A. "The effects of movement based interventions on DOMS and muscle damage following eccentric exercise." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1647.

Full text

Abstract:

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common symptom experienced by most adults following unaccustomed exercise. It is known that DOMS is peculiar to eccentric exercise that results in muscle damage which is characterized by prolonged loss of muscle function. DOMS and subsequent impaired muscle function, reduces the ability to maximize performance of daily living tasks, and has negative effects on sports adherence and activity based healthy lifestyle. Thus, treatments to ameliorate DOMS and enhance recovery of muscle function are important.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Barford, Gareth Charles. "Changes in muscle recruitment, functional strength and ratings of perceived effort during an 8-over bowling spell: impact on performance." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003926.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The musculoskeletal demands placed on the lower limb musculature of fast bowlers over time have not received much attention. In particular, measures of muscle recruitment changes have, to the author’s knowledge, not been considered. Objective: The present study, therefore sought to establish any associations between an eight over, simulated fast bowling spell, and muscle activation patterns, power output, perceptual demands, and changes in performance. This will enable improvements in the development of training programmes. Methods: Players’ were required to attend two sessions in total. The purpose of the initial session was to collect specific demographic, anthropometric and physiological data and injury history information from each player. In addition, this first session allowed for habituation with the treadmill, the jump meter and all other equipment involved in experimentation. The second testing session involved electrode attachment sites being identified on player’s dominant leg. The areas were then shaved, wiped with an alcohol swab and left to dry, to ensure good connectivity. Pre- and post- measures of muscle activity and functional strength of the lower limbs were recorded in the Department of Human Kinetics and Ergonomics. The protocol took place at the Kingswood High Performance Centre, which is in close proximity to the initial testing site. The protocol involved players bowling eight overs (48 balls). During the protocol, accuracy, ball release speed and perceptual measures were recorded at the end of each over. After the protocol, players were driven back to the Human Kinetics and Ergonomics Department where post-testing measures were completed. The dependable variables of interest were muscle activation, functional strength of the lower limbs, ‘local’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), body discomfort, accuracy, and ball release speed. Results: For all muscles it was shown that, as the speed increased so did the muscle activity in players’ lower limbs. There were no significant changes in muscle activity preversus post-protocol. There was however, a general trend of decreasing muscle activity post protocol at higher testing speeds. There were significant (p<0.05) decreases in peak power following the simulated eight over bowling spell. ‘Local’ RPE displayed a significant (P<0.05) increase with each additional over and were observed to reach the ‘heavy’ category. The players’ highest discomfort area was in the lower back, with 13 players perceiving discomfort in this region following the eight over spell. The shoulder and chest were another two areas player’s indicated discomfort with eight players selecting the dominant shoulder. Seven players complained of the dominant side pectoral muscle, leading foot and dominant latissimus dorsi muscle being uncomfortable. Interestingly, the dominant pectoral showed the highest body discomfort ratings amongst players. There were no significant changes in accuracy between overs although there were large interindividual differences in accuracy points between players. The decrease in ball release speed observed during over seven was shown to be significantly (p<0.05) lower than overs one to four. Conclusion: The power output and perceived strain results of the players, appears to indicate the presence of fatigue in players. However, the results are not conclusive, as the fatigue was not shown in muscle recruitment patterns, as well as the body discomfort ratings. There was a non-significant trend observed in the lower limb muscle activation decreasing at higher speeds. Players were able to maintain accuracy. However, the significantly lower ball release speed observed during over seven showed players performance decreasing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Wilson, Stephen J. "The effects of eccentric muscle damage on malondialdehyde production during long-term recovery." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1180783.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high intensity eccentric muscle damage on plasma creatine kinase and plasma malondialdehyde. Twelve subjects, who served as their own control, performed 10 sets of eccentric knee extensions at a 10 RM intensity with their dominant leg. The subjects lowered the resistance in slow controlled manner to a three count of a metronome set at one beat per second. The resistance was set at an intensity equal to 120% of the subject's concentric 1RM. Creatine kinase and malondialdehyde were measured pre-exercise and at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours post-exercise. Results (p<_ .05) showed a significant increase in both creatine kinase and malondialdehyde compared to baseline. Creatine kinase showed significant increases through 120 hours post-exercise, and peaked at 96 hours post-exercise. Malondialdehyde showed significant increases through 72 post-exercise and peaked at 24 hours postexercise. It appears that a single bout, of high intensity, eccentric exercise can cause significant increases in creatine kinase and malondialdehyde.
Department of Speech Pathology & Audiology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Boerem, David L. "Peak isokinetic torque of knee flexors and extensor muscles of college football players." Scholarly Commons, 1987. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/499.

Full text

Abstract:

The problem of the study addressed knee injuries in college football. Imbalance of the musculature surrounding the knee would predispose the athlete to knee injury. Recognition of those who have muscular deficiencies would be a primary way of preventing knee injuries. The focus of the study was to determine if there was a significant difference in peak isokinetic torque of knee flexor and extensor muscles across speeds (60 degrees/second, 180 degrees/ second and 300 degrees/second) of a college football team subsequent to participation in a spring football season.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Pepper, Melinda Dorothy. "THE EFFECT OF RELAXATION THERAPY ON MUSCLE SPASTICITY IN THE SPINAL CORD INJURED INDIVIDUAL." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275427.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Lau, Wing Yin. "Pain assessment and possible mechanism of delayed onset muscle soreness." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1275.

Full text

Abstract:

Muscle pain is felt during exercise or daily activities for several days after performing unaccustomed exercise, which is referred to as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Many people experience DOMS, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. One of the challenges in the investigation of DOMS is its subjective nature, which makes the assessment ambiguous, thus establishing a standardised protocol is necessary. The present thesis scrutinised muscle pain assessments (Study 1, Study 2), developed a new assessment of muscle pain focusing on muscle fascia (Study 3), and investigated why DOMS is reduced after the second than the first bout of eccentric exercise (Study 4). From these studies, DOMS was thought to be more associated with connective tissue than muscle fibre damage and inflammation. In Study 1, the relationship between pain level assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and pain sensitivity assessed by pressure pain threshold (PPT) was examined. Thirty-one healthy young men performed 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions with their non-dominant arm. Before and 1 - 4 days after the exercise, muscle pain perceived upon palpation of the biceps brachii at three sites (5, 9, and 13 cm above the elbow crease) was assessed by VAS with a 100 mm line (0 = no pain, 100 = extremely painful), and PPT of the same sites was determined by an algometer. The VAS increased after exercise and peaked two days post-exercise, while the PPT decreased most at 1 day post-exercise and did not return to baseline for 4 days following exercise (P Muscle pain induced by elbow flexor eccentric exercise was investigated using different assessments in Study 2. Ten untrained men performed 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors with one arm. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque (MVC), range of motion (ROM) and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured before, immediately after, and 1 to 5 days after exercise as indirect markers of muscle damage. PPT of 50 sites over an exercised upper arm, VAS with a 100-mm line for pain level upon static pressure by a cuff and fingers, and palpation of the biceps brachii at three sites (3, 9, and 15 cm above the elbow crease) and different palpation methods (longitudinal, transverse and circular movements) on the mid-belly of biceps were assessed. Large decreases in MVC and ROM, and significant increases in serum CK activity indicated muscle damage. A significant difference (P In Study 3, changes in the electrical pain threshold (EPT) of the biceps brachii fascia, biceps brachii muscle and brachialis fascia following eccentric elbow flexor contractions, and the relationship between EPT and VAS or PPT were investigated. Ten healthy untrained men performed two eccentric exercise bouts (ECC1, ECC2) consisting of 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors with the same arm separated by 4 weeks. Changes in MVC, ROM, VAS and PPT were smaller (P The purpose of Study 4 was to investigate the magnitude of muscle lengthening during the first and second bout of eccentric exercise bouts and whether the muscle length changes are associated with the magnitude of DOMS and changes in other indirect markers of muscle damages between bouts. Ten healthy untrained men performed two eccentric exercise bouts (ECC1, ECC2) consisting of 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors using the same arm separated by 4 weeks. Changes in MVC, ROM, muscle thickness, ultrasound echo intensity, serum CK activity and muscle soreness (VAS) were smaller (P

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Oliveira, Erick Prado de [UNESP]. "Efeito do consumo agudo de erva mate sobre o rendimento fisíco em esteira ergométrica e indicadores metabólicos da exaustão em jogadores profissionais de futebol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114041.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-27Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000799159_20160101.pdf: 164209 bytes, checksum: d17a175dccefdffeeefbc01eb2655fb2 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-01-04T10:26:41Z: 000799159_20160101.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-01-04T10:28:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000799159.pdf: 511559 bytes, checksum: 1ea09022789edf1af84755c0bef56cb4 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Introdução: A erva mate (Ilex Paraguariensis) é uma bebida consumida principalmente na América do Sul e contém componentes com função antioxidante e possíveis propriedades ergogênicas. Sabe-se que o exercício eleva o estresse oxidativo e a lesão muscular, portanto o consumo do chá mate poderia proporcionar efeitos benéficos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do consumo agudo de chá mate nos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e lesão muscular em jogadoras de futebol profissional que foram expostas ao exercício exaustivo. Métodos: Quinze jogadoras de futebol (22,1 ± 4,2 anos) foram avaliadas de forma randomizada consumindo 5g de chá mate solúvel (400 ml) ou 400 ml de água em estudo cruzado com 7 dias de washout. Ambas as bebidas foram fornecidas após jejum noturno e 60 minutos antes de um teste incremental de esteira até a exaustão. Todos os indivíduos ingeriram 30g de maltodextrina 30 minutos antes do início do teste. Por meio do desempenho no teste de esteira do grupo água, foram criados dois subgrupos com os indivíduos com o melhor tempo de esteira (MTE, n=8) e os outros com pior tempo de esteira (PTE, n=7). Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas em jejum, pré e pós-exercício, sendo avaliados marcadores de lesão muscular (CK, AST and ALT), antioxidante (TAP e ácido úrico), estresse oxidativo (MDA) e anaerobiose (lactato). Foi utilizado ANOVA de medidas repetidas para comparar as variáveis basal, pré e pós exercício; e teste-t dependente para comparar os valores de delta (final-inicial) ( ) e o tempo de esteira entre os grupos chá e água. Resultados: Quando foram avaliados todos os indivíduos, notou-se maior concentração de lactato e redução das concentrações de ALT no grupo chá mate. No grupo PTE , quando houve consumo de chá mate notou-se maior tempo de esteira, lactato e ácido úrico do que o grupo que consumiu água. No grupo MTE não foi observado aumento das concentrações ...
Background: Yerba mate tea (Ilex Paraguariensis) is an herbal tea beverage consumed mainly in South America that presents components with antioxidant, antinflammatory, and possible ergogenic properties. It is known that exercise increases oxidative stress and muscle damage, and then mate tea intake could show beneficial effects. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of acute intake of yerba mate on blood markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in female soccer players exposed to exhaustive exercise. Methods: 15 female soccer players (22.1 ± 4.2 years old) were studied randomized with either 5g of soluble yerba mate (400 ml) or 400 ml of water cross-overly with 7 days of washout. Both liquids were given after an overnight fasting and before 60 minutes of a treadmill incremental test up to exhaustion. All subjects were fed with 30g of maltodextrin 30 minutes before the beginning of the test. From the treadmill performance of the drinking-water players it was evaluated all the individuals and also was created the sub groups of Higher Run Time (HRT, n=8) and the others (WRT, n=7). Blood samples were collected before and immediately post-exercise and assayed for markers of tissue integrity (enzymes CK, AST and ALT), antioxidants (TAP and uric acid), oxidants (MDA) and anaerobiosis (lactate). It was used repeated-measures ANOVA to compare the variables in basal, pre and post-exercise; and t-test dependent to compare the delta (final-initial) values ( ) and time of treadmill run between groups, for p<0.05. Results: In all the individuals it was noted higher lactate and lower ALT levels after the exercise in mate group. The yerba mate tea group showed longer treadmill run along with higher increase of lactate and uric acid than the water group in the WRT sub group. In HRT it was observed no increase in AST and lower ALT levels in mate tea group. Conclusion: Yerba mate intake by female soccer players increased tolerance to exhaustive exercise ...

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Oliveira, Erick Prado de. "Efeito do consumo agudo de erva mate sobre o rendimento físíco em esteira ergométrica e indicadores metabólicos da exaustão em jogadores profissionais de futebol /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114041.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini
Banca: Nailza Maesta
Banca: Kátia Cristina Portero McLellan
Banca: Fábio Lera Orsatti
Banca: Leone Simonetti
Resumo: Introdução: A erva mate (Ilex Paraguariensis) é uma bebida consumida principalmente na América do Sul e contém componentes com função antioxidante e possíveis propriedades ergogênicas. Sabe-se que o exercício eleva o estresse oxidativo e a lesão muscular, portanto o consumo do chá mate poderia proporcionar efeitos benéficos. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do consumo agudo de chá mate nos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e lesão muscular em jogadoras de futebol profissional que foram expostas ao exercício exaustivo. Métodos: Quinze jogadoras de futebol (22,1 ± 4,2 anos) foram avaliadas de forma randomizada consumindo 5g de chá mate solúvel (400 ml) ou 400 ml de água em estudo cruzado com 7 dias de washout. Ambas as bebidas foram fornecidas após jejum noturno e 60 minutos antes de um teste incremental de esteira até a exaustão. Todos os indivíduos ingeriram 30g de maltodextrina 30 minutos antes do início do teste. Por meio do desempenho no teste de esteira do grupo água, foram criados dois subgrupos com os indivíduos com o melhor tempo de esteira (MTE, n=8) e os outros com pior tempo de esteira (PTE, n=7). Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas em jejum, pré e pós-exercício, sendo avaliados marcadores de lesão muscular (CK, AST and ALT), antioxidante (TAP e ácido úrico), estresse oxidativo (MDA) e anaerobiose (lactato). Foi utilizado ANOVA de medidas repetidas para comparar as variáveis basal, pré e pós exercício; e teste-t dependente para comparar os valores de delta (final-inicial) ( ) e o tempo de esteira entre os grupos chá e água. Resultados: Quando foram avaliados todos os indivíduos, notou-se maior concentração de lactato e redução das concentrações de ALT no grupo chá mate. No grupo PTE, quando houve consumo de chá mate notou-se maior tempo de esteira, lactato e ácido úrico do que o grupo que consumiu água. No grupo MTE não foi observado aumento das concentrações...
Abstract: Background: Yerba mate tea (Ilex Paraguariensis) is an herbal tea beverage consumed mainly in South America that presents components with antioxidant, antinflammatory, and possible ergogenic properties. It is known that exercise increases oxidative stress and muscle damage, and then mate tea intake could show beneficial effects. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of acute intake of yerba mate on blood markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage in female soccer players exposed to exhaustive exercise. Methods: 15 female soccer players (22.1 ± 4.2 years old) were studied randomized with either 5g of soluble yerba mate (400 ml) or 400 ml of water cross-overly with 7 days of washout. Both liquids were given after an overnight fasting and before 60 minutes of a treadmill incremental test up to exhaustion. All subjects were fed with 30g of maltodextrin 30 minutes before the beginning of the test. From the treadmill performance of the drinking-water players it was evaluated all the individuals and also was created the sub groups of Higher Run Time (HRT, n=8) and the others (WRT, n=7). Blood samples were collected before and immediately post-exercise and assayed for markers of tissue integrity (enzymes CK, AST and ALT), antioxidants (TAP and uric acid), oxidants (MDA) and anaerobiosis (lactate). It was used repeated-measures ANOVA to compare the variables in basal, pre and post-exercise; and t-test dependent to compare the delta (final-initial) values ( ) and time of treadmill run between groups, for p<0.05. Results: In all the individuals it was noted higher lactate and lower ALT levels after the exercise in mate group. The yerba mate tea group showed longer treadmill run along with higher increase of lactate and uric acid than the water group in the WRT sub group. In HRT it was observed no increase in AST and lower ALT levels in mate tea group. Conclusion: Yerba mate intake by female soccer players increased tolerance to exhaustive exercise ...
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Jones, Robert Ian. "The influence of soccer-specific fatigue on the risk of thigh injuries in amateur black African players." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001841.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Epidemiological findings indicate a higher risk of muscular thigh strain injury during the latter stages of both halves of soccer match-play, with muscular fatigue highlighted as a key etiological factor in injury causation. Anthropometric, biomechanical and physiological differences present in the Black African population may elicit unique thigh injury risk profiles, different from those of European and American players. Objectives: The purpose of the current research was to investigate the impact of soccer-specific fatigue on the risk of hamstring and quadricep injury in amateur Black African soccer players, in both the dominant and non-dominant legs. Methods: Participants were required to perform a soccer matchplay simulation (SAFT⁹⁰), consisting of multidirectional and utility movements, as well as frequent acceleration and deceleration. Selected physical, physiological and psychophysical responses were collected at specific time intervals throughout fatigue protocol performance. Results: Heart rate responses were observed to increase significantly (p<0.05) in response to the start of both halves, and remain elevated (but showing no further significant increase) during the performance of the remainder of the fatigue protocol. Significant (p<0.05) changes in both concentric and eccentric isokinetic variables of the knee flexors and extensors highlight the effect of muscular fatigue on performance in soccer match-play. Eccentric hamstring peak torque was observed to decrease significantly over time (60°.s⁻ₑ=17.34%, 180°.s⁻ₑ=18.27%), with significant reductions observed during both halves. The functional H:Q ratio at 180°.s⁻ₑ indicated a significant decrease over time (10.04%), with a significant decrease indicated during the second half of the SAFT⁹⁰ protocol. The passive half time interval did not result in significant changes in isokinetic variables. Isokinetic strength, work and power indicated no significant effects of leg dominance.. ‘Central’ and ‘Local’ ratings of exertion were observed to increase significantly (p<0.05) as a function of exercise duration. Conclusion: The overall reduction in both the eccentric hamstring peak torque and the functional strength ratio was illustrated to be similar to that of other soccer-specific fatigue research. As a result, the risk of thigh strain injuries is suggested to be similar regardless of playing level and race. These time dependent changes may have implications for competitive performance and increased predisposition to hamstring strain injuries during the latter stages of both halves of match-play

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Keegan, Sean J. "The relationship between muscle activity and shock transmission during treadmill running." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1177977.

Full text

Abstract:

Ground contact results in the generation of a heel-strike transient that propagates through the musculoskeletal system. The inability to attenuate the heel-strike-induced shock wave is a possible factor in the development of various gait pathologies and overuse-type injuries, such as knee osteoarthrosis, stress fractures, and low back pain. It is hypothesized that prolonged running will result in increased shock transmission at the tibia and sacroiliac joint during conditions of controlled velocity/stride mechanics. Subjects performed an extended running trial for 25-minutes at 75% HRReserve. EMG data of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior and accelerometer data from the tibial tuberosity and sacrum were recorded at one-minute intervals. Accelerometer data at the tibial tuberosity did show a significant increase during the run protocol. Linear regression of EMG frequency and tibial shock also demonstrated a significant relationship. An extended running protocol will lead to increases in tibia shock acceleration independent of stride mechanics.
School of Physical Education

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Gonçalves, Lívia de Souza [UNESP]. "Efeitos da suplementação da quercetina sobre o rendimento físico em esteira ergométrica e indicadores metabólicos do exercício exaustivo em atletas de futebol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113893.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-29Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000796053.pdf: 812728 bytes, checksum: 9090f1792085c41d85dc7a1fc46dfddc (MD5)
O futebol é um esporte com característica intermitente pela realização de esforços de alta intensidade e curta duração, interposto por períodos de menor intensidade e duração variável. As atividades dos jogadores durante a temporada competitiva são intensas, podendo promover alterações metabólicas, principalmente no músculo esquelético. As elevadas contrações musculares excêntricas induzem danos e respostas inflamatórias, que podem influenciar a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) durante e depois de esforço no futebol. Além disso, o exercício exaustivo promove danos musculares, que são induzidos principalmente por estresse mecânico resultando em aumento substancial de proteínas intracelulares no plasma. Diversas pesquisas estão sendo realizadas para descobrir se a ingestão de antioxidantes possa prevenir os danos causados pelo exercício exaustivo, melhorando o processo de recuperação do exercício. A quercetina é um composto de flavonoides que tem sido investigada por apresentar benefícios para saúde, além de propriedades ergogênicas. Suas atividades biológicas estão ligadas a capacidade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória. Dentre suas diversas funções, a quercetina parece aumentar a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes naturais como a superóxido dismutase e catalase. Também age inibindo a ação da xantina oxidase, principal fonte de EROs durante exercícios intensos de curta duração, atenuando o estresse oxidativo e resposta inflamatória, principalmente in vitro. Seu efeito no desempenho está relacionado com o aumento do processo de biogênese mitocondrial por meio das vias de sinalização intracelular. Apesar dos resultados controversos na literatura acerca do efeito ergogênico da quercetina, as meta-análises existentes indicam que há pequeno, porém significante benefício no desempenho
The soccer is a sport with intermittent feature for conducting efforts of high intensity and short duration, brought by periods of lower intensity and variable duration. The activities of the players during the competitive season are intense and may promote metabolic changes, particularly in skeletal muscle. The high eccentric muscle contractions induce damage and inflammatory responses, which may influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during and after an effort in soccer. Furthermore, the exhaustive exercise promotes muscle damage which are mainly driven by mechanical stress resulting in a substantial increase of intracellular proteins in plasma. Several studies are being conducted to find out if the intake of antioxidants may prevent damage caused by exhaustive exercise, improving the process of recovery from exercise. Quercetin is a flavonoid compound which has been investigated for presenting health benefits beyond ergogenic properties. Their biological activities are linked to antioxidant capacity and anti inflammatory. Among its many functions, quercetin appears to increase the activity of natural antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Also acts by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase, the main source of ROS during intense exercise of short duration, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, especially in vitro. Its effect on performance associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis process by means of intracellular signaling pathways. Despite the controversial results in the literature about the ergogenic effect of quercetin, existing meta-analyzes indicate that there is a small but significant performance benefit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Gonçalves, Lívia de Souza. "Efeitos da suplementação da quercetina sobre o rendimento físico em esteira ergométrica e indicadores metabólicos do exercício exaustivo em atletas de futebol /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113893.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Roberto Carlos Burini
Coorientador: Erick Prado de Oliveira
Banca: Fernando Moreto
Banca: Nailza Maestá
Resumo: O futebol é um esporte com característica intermitente pela realização de esforços de alta intensidade e curta duração, interposto por períodos de menor intensidade e duração variável. As atividades dos jogadores durante a temporada competitiva são intensas, podendo promover alterações metabólicas, principalmente no músculo esquelético. As elevadas contrações musculares excêntricas induzem danos e respostas inflamatórias, que podem influenciar a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) durante e depois de esforço no futebol. Além disso, o exercício exaustivo promove danos musculares, que são induzidos principalmente por estresse mecânico resultando em aumento substancial de proteínas intracelulares no plasma. Diversas pesquisas estão sendo realizadas para descobrir se a ingestão de antioxidantes possa prevenir os danos causados pelo exercício exaustivo, melhorando o processo de recuperação do exercício. A quercetina é um composto de flavonoides que tem sido investigada por apresentar benefícios para saúde, além de propriedades ergogênicas. Suas atividades biológicas estão ligadas a capacidade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória. Dentre suas diversas funções, a quercetina parece aumentar a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes naturais como a superóxido dismutase e catalase. Também age inibindo a ação da xantina oxidase, principal fonte de EROs durante exercícios intensos de curta duração, atenuando o estresse oxidativo e resposta inflamatória, principalmente in vitro. Seu efeito no desempenho está relacionado com o aumento do processo de biogênese mitocondrial por meio das vias de sinalização intracelular. Apesar dos resultados controversos na literatura acerca do efeito ergogênico da quercetina, as meta-análises existentes indicam que há pequeno, porém significante benefício no desempenho
Abstract: The soccer is a sport with intermittent feature for conducting efforts of high intensity and short duration, brought by periods of lower intensity and variable duration. The activities of the players during the competitive season are intense and may promote metabolic changes, particularly in skeletal muscle. The high eccentric muscle contractions induce damage and inflammatory responses, which may influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during and after an effort in soccer. Furthermore, the exhaustive exercise promotes muscle damage which are mainly driven by mechanical stress resulting in a substantial increase of intracellular proteins in plasma. Several studies are being conducted to find out if the intake of antioxidants may prevent damage caused by exhaustive exercise, improving the process of recovery from exercise. Quercetin is a flavonoid compound which has been investigated for presenting health benefits beyond ergogenic properties. Their biological activities are linked to antioxidant capacity and anti inflammatory. Among its many functions, quercetin appears to increase the activity of natural antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Also acts by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase, the main source of ROS during intense exercise of short duration, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, especially in vitro. Its effect on performance associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis process by means of intracellular signaling pathways. Despite the controversial results in the literature about the ergogenic effect of quercetin, existing meta-analyzes indicate that there is a small but significant performance benefit
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Cochrane, Jodie L. "Training to alter the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in sporting manoeuvres." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0035.

Full text

Abstract:

[Truncated abstract] Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are a major problem in sport. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the causative factors of ACL injuries and to study the effect of various types of lower-limb training on underlying neuromuscular mechanisms involved in stabilisation and risk of ACL injury. Investigation of the mechanisms was conducted on controlled balance and strength tests as well as in sporting manoeuvres. It was aimed to assess if the neuromuscular changes map over into the performance of sporting manoeuvres and if potential for loading on the ACL and risk of injury was reduced or exacerbated . . . ACL strain can be decreased through reduction in the applied loads and greater knee flexion. Further to this, muscle activation has the ability to reduce loading on the ACL through co-contraction and selective activation patterns. This thesis demonstrated differing neuromuscular adaptations from various training types that map over into the performance of sporting manoeuvres. The research indicated that the Balance-Training was the most favourable in reducing potential for injury risk on the ACL. Alternatively strength training elicited neuromuscular changes that were likely to increase the risk of force on the ACL. The Machine+Balance training resulted in some negative and positive outcomes with the balance training tending to counteract the negative affects of machine weights training resulting in small improvements in muscular support and load reduction. This study provides us with better understanding of the underlying mechanisms from various training types and their potential affect on risk of ACL injury.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Venable, Adam Steven. "The Effect of Curcumin Supplementation on Physical and Biological Indices of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Inflammation Following Muscle Injury." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801906/.

Full text

Abstract:

In this project, the effects of dietary polyphenols on exercise-induced muscle damage and vascular health are examined. Dietary polyphenols exert well-known anti-inflammatory effects; however, how these effects are realized with respect to vascular health and EIMD is relatively unknown. I begin by reviewing the available literature surrounding the impact of three dietary polyphenols (curcumin, catechins, and quercetin) on inflammation associated with EIMD. It is well established that their primary means of anti-inflammation is through alterations of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription activities. Given this, their inclusion into training strategies seems reasonable. Consistent evidence is presented making a case for the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary polyphenols following EIMD. I follow this review up by completing an in-depth study on the consumption of curcumin prior to EIMD. I found curcumin (1000 mg/day) can reduce subjective soreness and decrease inflammation compared to placebo controls. To further understand the effects of dietary polyphenols on health, I investigate the effects of a four-week supplementation period of cocoa (catechins) on vascular. I concluded that atherogenic risk in obese women is reduced after consumption of cocoa. In addition to these experimental projects, I developed two novel methods that can be used to investigate vascular health (EMP concentration) and intracellular protein and mRNA production using flow cytometry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Vaile, Joanna. "Effect of hydrotherapy on recovery of muscle-damage and exercise-induced fatigue." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0221.

Full text

Abstract:

Achieving adequate and appropriate recovery from exercise is essential in ensuring optimal performance during repeated bouts of exercise. The use of various recovery interventions has become popular in an attempt to enhance subsequent performance and accelerate post-exercise recovery. The application of various post-exercise hydrotherapy interventions has become increasingly popular, however, the majority of current recovery practices appear to be based largely on anecdotal evidence as opposed to rigorous scientific research or evidence based findings. Physiologically, various hydrotherapy protocols have been shown to affect the body via fluid shifts (interstitial to intravascular space), changes in blood flow and cardiovascular function, and reductions in oedema. The possible psychological effects of water immersion must also be considered, with athletes commonly reporting reduced sensations of fatigue and soreness following immersion. Current literature suggests both hydrostatic pressure and water temperature to be important factors influencing the success of hydrotherapy. The overall aim of the present thesis was to enhance current knowledge and understanding with regards to the physiological and performance effects of various forms of hydrotherapy, used as a post-exercise recovery intervention. Initially, four cold water immersion interventions were compared to active recovery, performed between two bouts of high intensity cycling in hot environmental conditions. Effectiveness of recovery was determined via performance in a subsequent exercise bout; in addition, core body temperature, lactate, and heart rate were recorded. The remaining studies were designed to investigate the effects of cold water immersion, hot water immersion, contrast water therapy, and passive recovery 4 (control) following exercise-induced fatigue and exercise-induced muscle damage. Rate of recovery was assessed through changes in performance, core body temperature, thigh girths, blood markers, and perceived exertion/soreness. The results of the combined studies indicate cold water immersion to be more effective than active recovery when performed immediately post-exercise between two bouts of high intensity cycling in hot environmental conditions. Additionally, both cold water immersion and contrast water therapy were effective in aiding recovery from exercise-induced fatigue and exercise-induced muscle damage. Performance variables indicated an improved maintenance or return of performance following these recovery protocols. The present studies have provided additional information to the limited knowledge base regarding the effect of post-exercise hydrotherapy interventions, specifically, the effect of such interventions on subsequent athletic performance. In conclusion, cold water immersion and contrast water therapy appear to be superior to hot water immersion, active recovery, and passive recovery following fatiguing and muscle damaging exercise. Functional and physiological recovery was enhanced following the use of these two recovery protocols.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Eksteen, Gabriel Johannes. "Satellite cell proliferation in response to a chronic laboratory-controlled uphill vs. downhill interval training intervention." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2218.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MSc (Physiological Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
Despite a growing interest into the mechanisms of the repeated bout effect, little is known about the consequences of chronic eccentrically biased training and the possible advantageous such training may offer to athletes as well as patients with muscle-debilitating disease. This study investigated the role of satellite cells in the muscle adaptation in response to either downhill or uphill high intensity training (HIT). Welltrained endurance runners were divided into two training groups matched for training volume and 10 km running times (n = 6, uphill training, UP; n = 6, downhill training, DH) and subjects in both groups completed 10 HIT sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Running performance was tested before and after the training intervention by a 10 km road race and peak treadmill speed (PTS) in horizontal and inclined (+5%) laboratory incremental tests to exhaustion. Skeletal muscle biopsies were sampled at baseline, after 2 HIT sessions, and after 4 weeks of HIT. Muscle was analysed immunohistochemically for satellite cell frequency as identified by CD56 and M-cadherin (Mcad) expression. Myogenin protein contents of muscle homogenates were determined by western blotting. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform proportions and mean fibre crosssectional area was measured. During the HIT intervention, UP exercised at a higher percentage of their HRmax than DH (mean ± SD, 97 ± 1 vs. 92 ± 3 %HRmax, p < 0.005), but at a similar rate of perceived exertion (RPE). DH completed more intervals per session and covered greater distance per session than their UP counterparts. Both training groups increased their training intensity but decreased their training volume during the 4 weeks of HIT. The combined group of 12 athletes improved their PTSgradient (mean ± SD, 16.7 ± 0.8 vs. 17.3 ± 1.0 km/h, p < 0.05). No significant differences between groups were found for PTS, VO2max or 10 km performance. Satellite cell frequency in this cohort of trained runners (48.9 ± 10.3 km/week) at baseline was similar to healthy young males (CD56+ cells/fibre, 0.19 ± 0.10). Satellite cell frequency increased significantly in DH after 4 weeks (Mcad, 123%; CD56, 138%) and non-significantly in UP (Mcad, 45%, CD56, 39%). No significant differences were found after two training sessions or at any time between groups. Mcad and CD56 expression correlated well (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001). Muscle myogenin content increased for both groups (UP: 56%; DH: 60%) after 4 weeks. No notable changes were seen after two training sessions. However, myogenin levels 2 days after session 1 correlated well (r= 0.99, p<0.005) with muscle pain experienced on the same day, as measured by the visual analogue scale. No changes were seen in the MyHC proportions or the fibre cross-sectional area after the training intervention. It was concluded that the training intervention was too short to induce changes in MyHC distribution or fibre area. Is seems likely that satellite cell proliferation was initiated as an early response to DOMS, but the response was maintained for 4 weeks. However, due to the lack of change in fibre morphology and myonuclear number, the role of satellite cell proliferation in fibre type transformation or muscle hypertrophy could not be established. Similarly, various possible roles for increased myogenin protein are offered, but since the origin of myogenin expression (satellite cells vs. myonuclei) was not determined, no definite conclusion regarding the precise function can be made. In conclusion, this study is the first to definitively indicate satellite cell proliferation in well-trained endurance runners in response to a change in training, including specifically downhill HIT. This response was early and sustained. This study asks several questions about the role of satellite cells during muscle adaptation to repetitive downhill training, and lays a foundation for further research into this unexplored field.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Bogner, Jo-Anne Lesley Lee. "Discrimination between sincere and deceptive isokinetic knee extension response using segmental curve analysis." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040334/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Wilson, Timm. "Effects of a modified straight leg raise on strength and muscle activity of the vastus medialis oblique in patients with patellofemoral malalignment." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865942.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a modified sitting position straight leg raise on vastus medialis oblique (VMO) strength and EMG activity as compared to a traditional straight leg raise. A total of twenty-three subjects were recruited for this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (group I) modified straight leg raise (MSLR), and (group II) straight leg raise (SLR). The exercise program was three weeks long. University procedures for the protection of human subjects were followed. The subjects began with a 5 minute warm-up on a Cybex stationary bike set at 90 revolutions / minute. The subject then had electrodes placed on the Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO). A Macintosh computer was used to record the EMG data. The subject then performed a standard Cybex test for knee flexion and extension. The Cybex dynamometer was placed at the knee joint line, the chair back tilt was at 85 degrees, the hip, chest, and thigh restraints were all fastened. The subjects in group I (Modified sitting SLR) and II (SLR) then returned the next day for their first rehabilitation lesson. Each subject group then participated in their respected exercise program for a total of three weeks. After three weeks of rehabilitation, the subjects retested using the same procedures followed in the pretest. A two tailed t-test was used to determine significance of the difference between means of the two groups. No significant differences were found between the two groups.
School of Physical Education

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kruger, Maria Jacoba. "Antioxidant (Oxiprovin TM) supplementation and muscle recovery from contusion injury - an in vivo study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21670.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Human studies on the response of muscle to contusion injury are limited, probably due to the large variability in injury severity and the non-specificity of clinical symptoms reported. To circumvent this problem, several experimental animal models have been designed to study muscle damage and regeneration after contusion injuries. However, the majority of techniques currently used to induce contusion injury are very invasive and therefore not optimal. Furthermore, published studies regarding clinical treatment of such injuries are limited. The main aims of this study were therefore: a) to establish and characterise an in vivo model of non-invasive contusion injury, and b) to assess the effect of pre-injury chronic administration of the antioxidant supplement Oxiprovin™ - a natural grape seed extract (GSE) - on skeletal muscle recovery after experimentallyinduced injury. Two groups of male Wistar rats were subjected to 14 days of oral administration of isovolaemic placebo (sterile isotonic saline) or GSE (20 mg/kg/day) prior to induced contusion. Contusion injury was induced with the mass-drop technique, and recovery parameters assessed for up to 14 days post-injury. Placebotreated rats on average exhibited a 56 % higher creatine kinase (CK) activity when compared to the GSE-treated rats when area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for 14 days post-injury (p < 0.001). In the placebo group, plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was unchanged over time, but muscle ORAC was significantly increased by day 7 post-injury (p < 0.001). In the GSE group, a significant decrease in both plasma (p < 0.01) and muscle ORAC (p < 0.001) was evident 4 hr after injury, followed by a significant increase by day 3 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively). CD34+ satellite cell (SC) numbers (quiescent and activated) peaked earlier in GSE-treated rats when compared to placebo-treated rats (4 hours vs. day 7 post-injury). Total satellite cell number (CD56+) also peaked earlier in GSE-treated rats than in placebo-treated rats (4 hours vs. 3 days post-injury), while M-cadherin+ SC numbers (quiescent, activated or proliferating) in both treatment groups were significantly increased 4 hours post-injury (p < 0.001), but more so in the placebo group. In GSE-treated rats when compared to placebo-treated rats, newly generated muscle fibres (displaying central nuclei and MHCf +) both appeared (day 3 vs. day 7 post-injury) and peaked in number (day 3 vs. day 7 post-injury; increase from baseline p < 0.001 for both) earlier. The results of this study demonstrate that we have successfully established an in vivo model for non-invasive contusion injury in rats. Furthermore, we have shown that Oxiprovin™: a) increased the ability to scavenge reactive species generated after injury and b) resulted in the activation of satellite cells and formation of newly generated muscle fibres at an earlier time point, thus accelerating the recovery of skeletal muscle after a standardised contusion injury.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Eksperimente aangaande die reaksie van spier op kneusings in mense is beperk, waarskynlik as gevolg van die groot verskeidenheid simptome wat mag voorkom en die verskille in die ernstigheid van beserings. Ten einde hierdie problem te oorbrug, is verskeie eksperimentele diermodelle opgestel om kneusings en die herstel van spier daarna te ondersoek. Die tegnieke wat grootendeels vandag gebruik word om kneusings te veroorsaak, maak inbraak op die spier deur die spier te ontbloot voor besering, en is dus nie ideaal nie. Daar is ook nie baie bewyse aangaande die mees geskikte manier om so ‘n besering klinies te behandel nie. Die doel van hierdie studie was dus om: a) ‘n in vivo model van kneusings op te stel en te omskryf, en b) die effek van chroniese toediening van die antioksidant Oxiprovin™ - ‘n natuurlike druifsaad ekstrak (DSE) – op die herstel van skeletspier na ‘n kneusing te ondersoek. Twee groepe manlike Wistar rotte is onderwerp aan mondelikse toediening van isovolemiese plasebo (steriele isotoniese soutoplossing) of DSE (20 mg/kg/dag) vir ‘n tydperk van 14 dae voor kneusing. Kneusing is geïnduseer met die “massdrop” tegniek, en parameters van herstel is ondersoek tot en met 14 dae na besering. Plasebo-behandelde rotte het gemiddeld 56 % hoër kreatien kinase (KK) aktiwiteit in vergelyking met DSE-behandelde rotte (p < 0.001), toe die oppervlak onder die kurwe (OOK) tot en met 14 dae na besering bereken is. Geen verskil oor tyd is in die plasebo groep opgemerk toe plasma suurstof radikaal absorpsie kapasiteit (SRAK) bepaal is nie, maar ‘n betekenisvolle toename in spier SRAK teen dag 7 (p < 0.001) is waargeneem. ‘n Betekenisvolle afname in beide plasma (p < 0.01) en spier (p < 0.001) SRAK van die DSE is teen 4 hr waargeneem, gevolg deur ‘n betekenisvolle toename teen dag 3 na besering (p < 0.05 en p < 0.001 onderskeidelik). Die aantal CD34+ satelliet selle (SS – rustend en geaktiveerd) het beduidend vroeër in die DSE groep gestyg in vergelyking met die plasebo groep (4 uur vs. 7 dae na besering). Die totale aantal SS (CD56+) het ook vroeër in die DSE-behandelde rotte as die plasebobehandelde rotte gestyg (4 uur vs. 3 dae na besering), terwyl die aantal Mcadherin+ SS (rustend, geaktiveerd of prolifererend) betenisvol gestyg het in beide groepe teen 4 uur (p < 0.001) na besering, maar hoër in die plasebo groep was. Die aantal nuutgevormde spiervesels (met sentraal geleë nukleï en MHCf +) het beide vroeër verskyn en gepiek in die DSE-behandelde rotte in vergelyking met die plasebo-behandelde rotte (dag 3 vs. dag 7 na besering). Die resultate van hierdie studie dui aan dat ons instaat was om ‘n in vivo model van nie-indringende kneusing in rotte op te stel. Verder, het ons ook bewys dat Oxiprovin™ toediening die vermoë verleen het om: a) reaktiewe spesies wat na beserings gevorm word, meer doeltreffend te verwyder en b) satelliet selle vroeër te aktiveer en die vorming van nuwe skeletspiervesels te vervroeg, om sodoende die herstel van skeletspier na ‘n gestandardiseerde kneusing vinniger te bewerkstellig.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Schafer, Carol Linda. "Development of a functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) muscle training program to prepare paraplegics for standing." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25845.

Full text

Abstract:

Wheelchair-bound paraplegics are in an unnatural, almost all-day sitting position. This is physiologically disadvantageous as it may cause increased abdominal pressure, renal dysfunction, pressure sores, muscle atrophy and osteoporosis. Thus it would be beneficial, physiologically and psychologically, for a paraplegic to be able to stand for temporary periods of time. As a result of the muscle atrophy and functional degeneration that follows a spinal cord injury, it is essential for paraplegics to undergo a muscle restrengthening program, using Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation (FNS), before standing up under FNS control can be attempted. Six healthy spinal cord injured subjects with spinal lesions between CS and T9 (two tetraplegics and four paraplegics) exercised their quadriceps muscles at home using a portable two-channel FNS muscle stimulator. The muscles were exercised against an increasing load to maximise the training effect. Inclined standing exercise, under FNS control, was performed in the Inclistand. The subjects' general state of health and fitness were assessed, namely their responses during a maximal arm ergometry exercise test, arm muscle function, lung function, blood biochemistry and their dietary habits. Subjects have shown improvement in quadriceps muscle strength, fatigue resistance and muscle bulk to varying degrees - according to their individual circumstances. The tetraplegics responded in a different manner to that of the paraplegics. The muscle strength increased significantly by a mean (+SD) of 97,8 + 59,6% and 171,2 + 118,1% for the four paraplegics, left and right leg respectively. There was a mean improvement of 16% in fatigue resistance in the left leg (p=0,08), while the mean response of the right leg varied. Quadriceps muscle bulk increased by 4,43 + 3,4% (left) and 2,7 + 2,1% (right) (0,05<p<0,l). The amount of subcutaneous fat around the mid-thigh decreased significantly by 4,73 + 1,4% (left) and 3,43 + 1,1% (right leg). The group was in a state of general well-being, with the exception of one subject whose serum cholesterol concentration fell within the high risk category. This study therefore showed that the FNS was sucessful in improving the quadriceps muscle strength, bulk and fatigue response of the SCI people in our research group. The valuable experience gained from this FNS study will be used to improve the present program.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Monteleone, Gina Marie. "The effects three different anterior knee pain treatments have on strength and performance." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1129635.

Full text

Abstract:

The purposes of this study is to determine: (a) the relationship between the dependant variables, (b) the relationship between the Borg pain scale and the performance tests, (c) the difference in performance between involved and uninvolved extremities, and (d) the effects of the three different therapeutic exercise treatments on selected performance tests and pain free isometric strength testing. Fifty subjects with physician diagnosed anterior knee pain (AKP), completed initial performance testing and 14 subjects completed initial testing, therapy and six weeks later final performance testing. The 14 subjects were randomly assigned to one of three therapeutic exercise treatment groups. The performance tests included; pain free isometric strength tests (90, 60, 45, and 15 degrees knee flexion), stair test, timed hop, triple hop, crossover hop, Figure 8 and Borg pain scale rating for each performance test. The results indicated a significant correlation between performance tests and pain free isometric strength tests. There was no relationship indicated between the performance tests, Borg pain scale ratings. The contrast between the injured and uninjured extremities performance test values of the fifty subjects that completed the initial testing indicated no significant (p< 0.05) difference. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference between the therapeutic exercise treatment groups. In conclusion, the three anterior knee pain treatments had no effect on strength and performance.
School of Physical Education

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Haidamus, Leandro Lopes. "A suplementação com acidos graxos polinsaturados omega-3 reduziu a concentração plasmatica de eicosanoides pro-inflamatorios, da enzima lactato desidrogenase e de lesões musculares em ratos submetidos a sessões de natação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256329.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientadores: Admar Costa de Oliveira, Roberto Carlos Burini
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:09:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Haidamus_LeandroLopes_D.pdf: 785768 bytes, checksum: a63544a849a7db50b64812194be804ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O uso de drogas antiinflamatórias é comum entre atletas nos quais a prevalência de lesões musculares é elevada tanto nos períodos de treinamento e competição. Entretanto, algumas dessas drogas possuem ação imunossupressiva, que quando utilizadas em grande quantidade ou por tempo prolongado pode provocar queda nas respostas imunológicas. O objetivo da presente Tese foi verificar se a suplementação com ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3 ocasionaria uma redução, tanto nas concentrações plasmáticas dos indicadores de lesão muscular (enzima lactato desidrogenase e creatina quinase) como dos mediadores químicos da inflamação da série ¿2¿ (prostaglandina E2, tromboxano B2 e leucotrieno B4) derivados do ácido araquidônico (C20:4, ?-6) e das alterações morfológicas do músculo esquelético. O experimento foi desenvolvido com 36 ratos Wistar distribuídos ao acaso em quatro grupos experimentais com nove ratos. Os grupos formados eram os seguintes: Grupo 1 - ratos sedentários sem suplementação; Grupo 2 - ratos sedentários com suplementação; Grupo 3 - ratos submetidos às sessões de natação (60 minutos diários), com carga de peso extra crescente, sem suplementação e Grupo 4 ¿ ratos submetidos às sessões de natação, com carga de peso extra crescente, com suplementação. A suplementação era feita por gavagem utilizando-se 3,0 g diárias de óleo de peixe contendo AGPI ?-3 (EPA: 187,0 mg/g e DHA: 140,0 mg/g) durante 28 dias. Os grupos não suplementados receberam 3,0 g de azeite de oliva diariamente (grupo controle). Os ratos receberam dieta não purificada de fórmula fechada (MP-77- Primor) e água à vontade, sendo os pesos avaliados semanalmente. Os indicadores de lesão muscular (LDH e CK), análise histológica e morfométrica das fibras musculares esqueléticas bem como os mediadores do processo inflamatório (PGE2, TXB2 e LTB4) foram determinados no final do experimento. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a suplementação com AGPI ?-3 reduziu a concentração plasmática da enzima LDH, tanto nos animais sedentários como nos submetidos ao treinamento físico (p<0,05). Com relação aos mediadores químicos da inflamação (PGE2, TXB2 e LTB4) as concentrações plasmáticas reduziram significativamente (p<0,05) nos animais sedentários, mas não reduziram nos animais submetidos ao exercício físico. No entanto, ao se observar esse resultado, verificou-se que em todos os mediadores químicos houve uma redução nos valores absolutos nos animais suplementados com AGPI ?-3. Pela análise histológica das fibras musculares mostrou que nos grupos treinados, os ratos não suplementados apresentaram as seguintes alterações morfológicas: presença de processo de fagocitose de fibra muscular, fibra atrófica e fibras polimórficas, enquanto que nos ratos suplementados, a análise histológica mostrou uma redução acentuada dessas alterações o que resultou na quase inexistência de lesões musculares. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos, pode ser sugerido de que ação antiinflamatória dos AGPI ?-3 nos ratos e por extensão em atletas, seria maior se a suplementação fosse realizada diariamente independentemente do período de treinamento
Abstract: The use of antiinflammatory drugs is common among athletes in which the prevalence of muscular lesions is elevated in training and competition periods. However, some of those drugs have an immunosuppression action, and when used in high dosages or for long time can provoke a decrease in the immunological responses. The objective of the present Thesis was to verify if the supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 would cause a reduction, in the plasmatic concentrations of the indicators of muscular lesion (lactate dehidrogenase enzyme and creatine kinase) as well as in the chemical mediators of the inflammation of the series ¿2¿ (prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2 and leukotriene B4) derived of arachidonic acid (C20:4, ?-6) and the morphologic alterations of skeletal muscle. The experiment was developed with 36 Wistar rats distributed at random in four experimental groups with nine rats. The formed groups were the following: Group 1 - sedentary rats without supplementation; Group 2 - sedentary rats with supplementation; Group 3 - rats submitted to swimming sessions (60 minutes daily), with load of gaining extra weight, without supplementation and Group 4 - rats submitted to swimming sessions, with load of gaining extra weight, with supplementation. The supplementation was made daily by ¿gavage¿ using 3,0g of fish oil containing AGPI ?-3 (EPA: 187,0 mg/g and DHA: 140,0 mg/g) for 28 days. The groups not supplemented received 3,0g of olive oil daily (control group). The rats received a non-purified diet of closed formula (MP-77-Primor) and water was ad libitum, with their weight being checked weekly. The indicators of muscular lesion (LDH and CK), histological and morphometric analyses of the skeletal muscular fibers as well as the mediators of the inflammatory process (PGE2, TXB2 and LTB4) were determinated at the end of the experiment. The obtained results indicate that the supplementation with AGPI ?-3 did reduce the plasmatic concentration of the LDH enzyme in the sedentary animals as well as in the animals submitted to the physical training (p<0,05). With respect to the chemical mediators of the inflammation (PGE2, TXB2 and LTB4) the plasmatic concentrations were reduced significantly (p < 0,05) in the sedentary animals, but were not reduced in the animals submitted to the physical exercise. However, by observing this results, it was verified that in all of the chemical mediators there was a reduction in the absolute values in the supplemented animals with AGPI ?-3. By the histological analysis of the muscular fibers showed that in the trained groups, the no supplemented rats had the following morphologic alterations: presence of the process of phagocytosis of muscular fiber, atrophic fiber, polymorphic fibers, while that in the supplemented rats, the histological analysis showed an accentuated reduction of those alterations that resulted in an almost inexistence of muscular lesions. Having in mind the obtained results, it can be suggested that the antiinflammatory action of AGPI ?-3 in the rats and for extension in athletes, would be improved if the supplementation was administered daily independently of the training period
Doutorado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Loos, Benjamin. "Signalling mechanisms involved in TNF-α mediated cytoprotection during ischaemic injury in a C2C12 muscle cell line." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17377.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Both, the cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and the enzyme cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) are crucial driving forces in mediating the cellular inflammatory response and are involved in ischaemic injury. During an ischaemic insult, TNF-α is endogenously generated. Apart from the recognized effects of TNF- α, such as the induction of apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation, if present in low dosages, it also mediates cytoprotective effects. Upon activation, cPLA2 contributes to the ischaemic challenge with the generation of mediators of cellular injury and apoptosis. Upon stimulation, this calcium dependent enzyme translocates to the phospholipid compartment of the cell membrane and induces the hydrolysis of sn-2 ester bonds in phospholipids. It governs the release of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids and generates role players of inflammation. We suggest a role for cPLA2 in the TNF-α mediated cytoprotection, with a distinct phosphorylation and translocation pattern. Aims The involvement of cPLA2 in TNF-α mediated cytoprotection in the C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cell line in tolerance to ischaemia was examined. To investigate the nature of the cPLA2 phosphorylation pattern, the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) as contributors to cPLA2 phosphorylation and activation, were examined at appropriate time points. To dissect out the cPLA2 interplay and dependencies with these MAPKs within the pathway context, the selective cPLA2 inhibitor arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) was employed and its effect on cell viability was examined. Fluorescence microscopy was used to substantiate cPLA2 activation, by assessing its cellular distribution, translocation and cell organelle target preference, using co-localization and z-stack techniques. In addition, the induction of the apoptotic pathway through analysis of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage was examined. The role of caspase-3 in cPLA2 turnover was addressed employing the caspase inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK. Methods Cells were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and incubated under 5% CO2 conditions, until 50%-70% confluent. Using DMEM supplemented with 1% horse serum, cell differentiation into myotubes was induced. Differentiated cells were preconditioned for 30 min classically, with 0.5 ng/ml TNF-α or the cPLA2 selective inhibitor AACOCF3 (10 μM) respectively. Followed by a 60 min washout period the cells were subjected to 8 hrs simulated ischaemia. Cellular viability; and cPLA2 phosphorylation- and translocation events were assessed using Western blots and advanced immunocytochemistry and imaging techniques. Results Preconditioning with TNF-α, ischaemic preconditioning; and the use of the cPLA2 inhibitor AACOCF3, attenuated the decrease is cell viability brough about by ischaemia. Western blot analysis indicates the induction of the apoptotic pathway with caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. A significantly reduced translocation of pcPLA2 to the nuclear region in the TNF-α preconditioned group compared to the ischaemic group, as reflected by reduced mean nuclear fluorescence intensity, was observed. A z-stack analysis confirmed that the nuclear and endonuclear region was the target organelle for cPLA2. 3-dimensional co-localazation analysis of pcPLA2 with the nuclear marker nucleoporin p62 mirrored these results. Discussion and conclusion Our results provide evidence that there is a role for cPLA2 in TNF-α mediated cytoprotection. Although we do not observe a differential activation pattern in terms of cPLA2 phosphorylation at various time points within the ischaemic event, and no differential inactivation of cPLA2 via caspase-mediated cPLA2 cleavage, we describe a differential cPLA2 translocation pattern, similar to that in IPC. Through inhibition of cPLA2 translocation, a functional cPLA2 inhibition might be achieved. This would imply inhibition of the inflammatory pathway and a subsequent reduction in the generation of inflammatory mediators. In addition we describe an effect of TNF-α preconditioning on the efficacy of the caspase inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK. Our results shed light on the survival mechanisms employed by the ischaemically challenged cell in a setting of TNF-α mediated cytoprotection. This might lead to novel approaches in the context of inflammation treatment, through agents that control differential cPLA2 trafficking within the cell.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beide, die sitokien “Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)” en die ensiem, sitosoliese fosfolipase A2 (cPLA2) is uiters belangrike bemiddelaars van die sellulêre inflammatoriese respons en is verder ook betrokke by isgemiese selskade. TNF-α word endogeen gegenereer tydens ‘n isgemiese intervensie. Afgesien van ‘n verskeidenheid effekte, soos die inisiëring van apoptose, sel-proliferasie en - differensiasie, bemiddel dit ook selbeskermende meganismes indien dit in lae konsentrasies in die sel teenwoordig is. Na aktivering dra cPLA2 by tot die isgemiese intervensie deur die vorming van bemiddelaars van selskade en apoptose. Hierdie kalsium-afhanklike ensiem translokeer na die fosfolipied membraankomponent na stimulering en induseer die hidrolise van die sn-2 esterbinding in die fosfolipied. Die vrystelling van vry vetsure en lisofosfolipiede word sodoende bewerkstellig wat verder gemetaboliseer kan word tot inflammatoriese bemiddelaars. Ons stel voor dat cPLA2 ‘n rol in TNF-α bemiddelde selbeskerming speel en dat dit gepaardgaan met kenmerkende fosforilerings- en translokeringspatrone. Doelwitte Die rol van cPLA2 tydens TNF-α bemiddelde selbeskerming is in ‘n C2C12 skeletspiersellyn na blootstelling aan isgemie ondersoek. Die rol van die MAPKs, p38 en ERK, is ondersoek om vas te stel of hulle betrokke is by die aktivering van cPLA2. Die selektiewe cPLA2 inhibitor, AACOCF3, is gebruik om te bepaal of die fosforilering van MAPKs ook cPLA2-afhanklik is. Die sellulêre cPLA2 verspreiding, translokering en teiken selorganelle is ook ondersoek met behulp van fluoresensie mikroskopie deur gebruik te maak van ko-lokalisering en z-plaat tegnieke. Verder, is die indusering van die apoptotiese paaie ondersoek deur tegnieke wat kaspase- en PARP kliewing meet. Die kaspase inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, is gebruik om vas te stel of kaspase-3 ‘n rol speel in cPLA2 kliewing in ons selmodel. Metodes Selle is gekweek in Dulbecco’s gemodifiseerde Eagles Medium (DMEM) waarby 10% fetale kalf serum (FBS) gevoeg is, en wat geïnkubeer is in 5% CO2 totdat dit 50%-70% konfluent was. Die selle is verder gedifferensieer in miobuise deur gebruik te maak van DMEM waarby 1% perdeserum gevoeg is. Gedifferensieerde selle is vir 30 min klassiek geprekondisioneer asook respektiewelik met 0.5 ng/ml TNF-α en die cPLA2 selektiewe inhibitor, AACOCF3 (10 μM). Na ‘n 60 minute uitwas periode is die selle blootgestel aan 8 h gesimuleerde isgemie. Sellulêre lewensvatbaarheid, cPLA2 fosforilering- and translokering is ondersoek deur onderskeidelik gebruik te maak van die “Western” klad metode en gesofistikeerde immunositochemiese beeld tegnieke. Resultate Prekondisionering met TNF-α, isgemiese prekondisionering asook inhibisie van as cPLA2 met die inhibitor, AACOCF3, het ‘n beduidende toename in sellewensvatbaarheid tot gevolg gehad. Daar is ook dmv die “Western” klad tegniek bewys dat apoptose geïduseer word deur middel van kaspase-3- en PARP kliewing. Daar is insiggewend minder translokasie van cPLA2 na die nukluêre fraksie in die isgemiese groep in vergelyking met die TNF-α geprekondisioneerde groep waargeneem (die gemiddelde nukluêre fluoreserende intensiteit is bepaal om voorafgaande feit te staaf). Die cPLA2 teiken organel is geverifieer as die nukleus en die endonukluêre gebied deur middel van z-plaat analises. Drie-dimensionele kolokaliserings analises van pcPLA2 met die nukluêre merker, nucleoporin p62 het hierdie resultate bevestig. Bespreking en Gevolgtrekking Ons resultate verskaf bewyse vir ‘n rol vir cPLA2 in TNF-α bemiddelde selbeskerming. Alhoewel daar nie ‘n differensiële aktiveringspatroon in terme van cPLA2 fosforilering tydens verskeie tydspunte in die isgemiese intervensie waargeneem is nie, en ook geen kaspase-3 bemiddelde kliewing van cPLA2 nie, word ‘n differensiële translokeringspatroon soorgelyk aan die isgemiese prekondisioneringsgroep, waargeneem. Funsksionele cPLA2 inhibisie kan dus moontlik bewerkstellig word deur inhibisie van cPLA2 translokasie. Die inflammatoriese respons kan dus moontlik so inhibieer word en die vorming van minder inflammatoriese bemiddelaars tot gevolg hê. Verder het TNF-α prekondisionering ook ‘n effek op die effektiwiteit van die kaspase-inhibitor, ZDEVD- FMK. Ons resultate werp ook lig op die meganismes wat deur selle onder isgemiese toestande uitgeoefen word tydens TNF-α bemiddelde selbeskerming. Hierdie resultate mag lei tot nuwe benaderings in die konteks van behandeling teen inflammasie deur gebruik te maak van middels wat cPLA2 translokering in die sel beheer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Foster, Michele. "A window of opportunity : referral from acute care to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16181.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Baldan, Cristiano Schiavinato. "Influência do tempo de irradiação da terapia por ultrassom sobre o tecido conjuntivo no processo de reparação muscular de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-26032013-151130/.

Full text

Abstract:

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a terapia por ultrassom influencia o processo de reparação em ratos submetidos à laceração muscular. A amostra foi composta por 61 ratos Wistar, aleatoriamente distribuídos em 9 grupos: controle, 4LMST (lesão muscular / eutanásia no 4º dia pós-operatório), 7LMST (lesão muscular / eutanásia no 7º dia pós-operatório), 4US2 (lesão muscular / 2 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 4º dia), 7US2 (lesão muscular / 2 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 7º dia), 4US4 (lesão muscular / 4 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 4º dia), 7US4 (lesão muscular / 4 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 7º dia), 4US6 (lesão muscular / 6 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 4º dia) e 7US6 (lesão muscular / 6 minutos de irradiação ultrassonora por dia / eutanásia no 7º dia). Todos os animais dos grupos 4US2, 7US2, 4US4, 7US4, 4US6 e 7US6 foram irradiados com ultrassom terapêutico de frequência igual a 1 MHz, frequência de repetição de pulso de 100 Hz, pulsos com duração de 2 ms (ciclo de trabalho de 20%), irradiância de 0,5 W/cm2. A emissão das ondas ultrassonoras ocorreu de forma pulsada. A taxa de não uniformidade do feixe (BNR) foi menor que 6,0 e a área de radiação efetiva (ERA) foi de 0,5 cm2. A lesão foi realizada por procedimento operatório, de forma a gerar-se uma secção transversal de 1 cm de comprimento e 3 mm de profundidade no músculo gastrocnêmio dos ratos, a partir de 2,5 cm do osso calcâneo. Foram feitas análises de birrefringência e picrosirius. Os animais do grupo 4US4 apresentaram retardo óptico menor que os demais animais sacrificados no 4º dia pós-operatório. Os animais dos grupos 7US4 e 7US6 apresentaram percentual de colágeno total maior que os demais animais lesionados e tratados e o mesmo percentual do apresentado pelo grupo controle. Assim, concluiu-se que a terapia por ultrassom, com tempo de irradiação de 4 e 6 minutos por sessão, aumenta o percentual de colágeno total intramuscular, no local da lesão, quando mantida por, pelo menos 7 dias e diminui o retardo óptico do colágeno situado no local da lesão, no início do processo de reparação tecidual (até o 4º dia pós-operatório), se irradiado por 4 minutos por sessão
The aim of this study was to analyze the ultrasonic therapy effect on repair process in rats under muscular injury. The sample included 61 Wistar rats, randomly distributed in 9 groups: control, 4LMST (muscular injury / euthanasia in 4th postoperative day), 7LMST (muscular injury / euthanasia in 7th postoperative day), 4US2 (muscular injury / 2 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 4th day), 7US2 (muscular injury / 2 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 7th), 4US4 (muscular injury / 4 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 4th day), 7US4 (muscular injury / 4 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 7th day), 4US6 (muscular injury / 6 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 4th day), 7US6 (muscular injury / 6 minutes ultrasonic therapy per day / euthanasia in 7th day). All animals from the 4US2, 7US2, 4US4, 7US4, 4US6 and 7US6 groups were irradiated with the same 1 MHz ultrasonic therapeutic frequency, 100Hz pulse repetition frequency, 2 ms pulse duration, 0,5 W/cm2 intensity. The ultrasonic waves emission occurred as pulsed. The beam nonuniformity rate (NBR) was less than 6.0 and the effective radiation area (ERA) was 0,5 cm2. The injury was performed through an operative procedure in order to produce a transverse section of 1 cm length and 3 mm deep in rat gastrocnemius muscles, from 2.5 cm of the calcaneus bone. It was realized birefringence and picrosirius analysis. The animals from the group 4US4 showed an optical delay lower than the 4th postoperative euthanasia animals. The animals from the groups 7US4 and 7US6 showed a total collagen percentual higher than the other injured and treated animals and the same percentual of control animals. Therefore, we concluded the ultrasonic therapy, with irradiation times of 4 and 6 minutes per session, increases the total intramuscular collagen, lesion limited, since a 7-day ultrasonic therapy is followed, which is able to diminish collagen optical delay in the lesion, in early tissue repair process (until 4th postoperative day), if irradiated for 4 minutes per session

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Schneider, Jillian Claire Zillmer Eric Moelter Stephen T. "Emotional sequelae of sports-related injuries : concussive and orthopedic injuries /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1115.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Murnyack, Roberta Michelle. "Development of a three-dimensional finite element model of lateral controlled cortical impact injury in the rat with geometry from magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17058.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Lin, Htein. "Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 10-14 years in Maseru, Lesotho." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, etiology and types of injuries to permanent incisors among schoolchildren aged 10-14 years from Maseru, Lesotho. Upper and lower permanent incisors were examined for dental injuries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Schabort, Elske Jeanne. "The effect of the TGF-β isoforms on progenitor cell recruitment and differentiation into cardiac and skeletal muscle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1295.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (PhD (Physiology (Human and animal))-- University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
Definition: Stem cells are unspecialised cells with the capacity for long-term self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple cell-lineages. The potential for the application of stem cells in clinical settings has had a profound effect on the future of regenerative medicine. However, to be of greater therapeutic use, selection of the most appropriate cell type, as well as optimisation of stem cell incorporation into the damaged tissue is required. In adult skeletal muscle, satellite cells are the primary stem cell population which mediate postnatal muscle growth. Following injury or in diseased conditions, these cells are activated and recruited for new muscle formation. In contrast, the potential of resident adult stem cell incorporation into the myocardium has been challenged and the response of cardiac tissue, especially to ischaemic injury, is scar formation. Following muscle damage, various growth factors and cytokines are released in the afflicted area which influences the recruitment and incorporation of stem cells into the injured tissue. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a member of the TGF-β-superfamily of cytokines and has at least three isoforms, TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3, which play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and regeneration following activation and stimulation of receptor-signalling pathways. By improving the understanding of how TGF-β affects these processes, it is possible to gain insight into how the intercellular environment can be manipulated to improve stem cell-mediated repair following muscle injury. Therefore, the main aims of this thesis were to determine the effect of the three TGF-β isoforms on proliferation, differentiation, migration and fusion of muscle progenitor cells (skeletal and cardiac) and relate this to possible improved mechanisms for muscle repair. The effect of short- and long-term treatment with all three TGF-β isoforms were investigated on muscle progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation using the C2C12 skeletal muscle satellite and P19 multipotent embryonal carcinoma cell-lineages as in vitro model systems. Cells were treated with 5 ng/mℓ TGF-β isoforms unless where stated otherwise. In C2C12 cells, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and localisation were analysed, and together with total nuclear counts, used to assess the effect of TGF-β on myoblast proliferation (Chapter 5). The myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and myogenin, and structural protein myosin heavy chain (MHC) were used as protein markers to assess early and terminal differentiation, respectively. To establish possible mechanisms by which TGF-β isoforms regulate differentiation, further analysis included determination of MyoD localisation and the rate of MyoD degradation in C2C12 cells. To assess the effect of TGF-β isoforms on P19 cell differentiation, protein expression levels of connexin-43 and MHC were analysed, together with the determination of embryoid body numbers in differentiating P19 cells (Chapter 6). Furthermore, assays were developed to analyse the effect of TGF-β isoforms on both C2C12 and P19 cell migration (Chapter 7), as well as fusion of C2C12 cells (Chapter 8). Whereas all three isoforms of TGF-β significantly increased proliferation of C2C12 cells, differentiation results, however, indicated that especially following long-term incubation, TGF-β isoforms delayed both early and terminal differentiation of C2C12 cells into myotubes. Similarly, myocyte migration and fusion were also negatively regulated following TGF-β treatment. In the P19 cell-lineage, results demonstrated that isoform-specific treatment with TGF-β1 could potentially enhance differentiation. Further research is however required in this area, especially since migration was greatly reduced in these cells. Taken together, results demonstrated variable effects following TGF-β treatment depending on the cell type and the duration of TGF-β application. Circulating and/or treatment concentrations of this growth factor could therefore be manipulated depending on the area of injury to improve regenerative processes. Alternatively, when selecting appropriate stem or progenitor cells for therapeutic application, the effect of the immediate environment and subsequent interaction between the two should be taken into consideration for optimal beneficial results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Margand, Paul Marcus Buchanan. "Ultrastructural changes in electrically damaged x-enopus laevis sciatic nerve." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2217.

Full text

Abstract:

Electrical injury is known to alter the normal physiological function of nerves. In most cases, the change in function is only minor, but in severe instances the physiological function may be lost entirely. The changes in function involve the ability of the nerve to transmit an impulse, which is a function of the nerve's ability to create and maintain an electrical gradient across its membrane. When the nerve is exposed to an electrical current, the ability to maintain an electrical gradient across the membrane is reduced or lost. This change may be transient or permanent. The changes in the gradient hinder the nerve from propagating the impulse, which is the means of information transfer to and from the CNS (central nervous system). Due to the manner in which human victims are typically exposed to an electric shock, the peripheral axons usually display the greatest change in physiological function.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ackermann, Tessa Ruth. "Minor "dings" - major effects? a study into the cognitive effects of mild head injuries in high school rugby." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002429.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study is part of a larger and ongoing research initiative investigating the cumulative cognitive effects of mild head injury in rugby union and focused specifically on high school rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to top team high school rugby players (n = 47), and a non-contact sport control group of top team high school hockey players (n = 34). Direct comparisons of group mean scores and standard deviations across each neuropsychological test were carried out for the Total Rugby group versus the Total Hockey group as well as for the subgroups Rugby Forwards versus Rugby Backs. A correlational analysis was conducted to ascertain whether a relationship exists between the number of mild head injuries reported by the players and their cognitive test performance. Results of the group comparisons of means and variability on WMS Paired Associate Learning Hard Pairs - Delayed Recall provides tentative indications of the initial stages of diffuse damage associated with mild head injury in the rugby group and provides some evidence for impairment of verbal learning and memory in the Rugby Forwards group. The correlational analysis revealed no significant relationship between number of reported mild head injuries and cognitive performance. The findings and possible latent effects of the multiple mild head injuries reported by the rugby players are discussed in terms of brain reserve capacity theory and suggestions for future research are provided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Scholtz, Hendrik Johannes. "Fatal penetrating injuries of the chest." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26781.

Full text

Abstract:

In the Republic of South Africa, an autopsy is required in all cases of unnatural death, or in cases where the cause of death is unknown in terms of the Inquest Act of 1959. These are performed at the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory by Forensic Pathologists and Registrars of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of the University of Cape Town. The Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory serves the greater Cape Town area with a population of approximately 2,5 million, including the magisterial districts of Cape Town, Wynberg, Mitchell's Plain and Simonstown. Cape Town has one of the world's highest homicide rates and in 1986 the incidence was 56, 91 100000 population per annum. In contrast, Singapore has a homicide rate of only 2, 5/100 000, while the United States has an overall homicide rate of 7,7/ 100 000 population. In order to document the true impact of penetrating chest injuries, and to place mortality data in perspective, a retrospective descriptive study of all cases with fatal penetrating chest injuries admitted to the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory in Cape Town during 1990 was undertaken. In 1990, a total of 5 758 cases was admitted to the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory of which 1834 cases (39%) were the result of homicide. Of the homicide cases, 408 (22%) were the result of firearm injuries. A total of 2044 (35, 5%) cases admitted was deemed to have died of natural causes. This study identified a total of 841 cases of fatal penetrating injuries of the chest admitted during 1990, which constituted 22,6% of all non-natural cases admitted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ottosson, Carin. "Somato-psycho-social aspects of recovery after traffic injuries /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-721-9/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Hudson, Diana Stark. "Immersion- and recreationalboating related injuries in Alaska /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-454-6/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Springer, H. Keo. "The development and validation of an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17859.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Ou, Jingxing. "Chronic wound state associated with cytoskeletal defects and exacerbated by oxidative stress in Pax6+/- aniridia-related keratopathy." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25200.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Willemse, Hermanus Barend. "A strategy to facilitate renewed resilience to re-establish meaning for persons with spinal cord injuries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008119.

Full text

Abstract:

Census estimates in 2010 indicated that 6,3 percent South Africans aged 5 years and older are currently classified as disabled in five of the nine provinces in the country. The national figure for 2005 was 5 percent, with the figure for females (6,5 percent) slightly higher than that for males (6,1percent). Spinal cord injured persons and their significant others experience a range of emotions which affect their relationships with themselves, others and their environment. To deal with the life-changing consequences of the injury and regain control, these persons not only require a variety of coping strategies but rediscovery of resilience is inevitable if the experience of personal purpose and meaningful existence is ever to be regained. In the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal area, Port Elizabeth, South Africa – the geographical area in which this research study was undertaken - persons with spinal cord injuries have many challenges to face due to the shortcomings the existing resource for health care delivery in the post-discharge phase. The research objectives identified for the study were, firstly, to explore and describe the lived experiences of persons with spinal cord injuries; secondly, to explore and describe the lived experiences of the significant others of persons with spinal cord injuries; and thirdly, to develop a strategy to guide the professional nurse and the health care team in facilitating the health care of persons with spinal cord injuries. The study was a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual method of inquiry. The data obtained was used to formulate the strategy with its three sub-strategies to guide professional nurses and the health care team to facilitate renewed resilience and the re-establishment of meaning for persons with spinal cord injuries. Although the experiences of the significant others were explored in order to thicken the description of the experiences of persons with spinal cord injuries, the strategy developed was limited to the persons with spinal cord injuries. Although it is well documented that there are significant physical needs, the themes that emerged from the current research mostly related to psychological and social aspects. In acknowledging the human being as unitary multi-dimensional being, the researcher in his discussions and quest to address the issue of renewed resilience in spinal cord injured persons towards finding purpose and re-establishing meaning in their lives, focused on their psychological, spiritual and social health. The outcome of the study is a strategy constructed to facilitate renewed resilience, and three sub-strategies ‘addressing experienced emotions’, ‘facilitating meaningful relationships’ and ‘facilitating effective coping’. The strategy has as purpose the empowering of spinal injured persons in their efforts to re-establish meaning by serving as a tool to guide professional nurses and members of the health care team in their facilitating of renewed resilience in persons with spinal cord injury. It is envisaged that the co-ordination of the strategy will take place from the health care delivery facility nearest to the spinal cord injured individual concerned. In order for persons with spinal cord injuries to become accountable members of society, all levels and aspects of care aimed at physical, psychological, spiritual and social well-being need to be holistically addressed. The front-line role of the professional nurse is vital as the professional nurse acts as the co-ordinator for the health care team in ensuring that persons with spinal cord injuries receive quality and holistic care in order to deal meaningfully with the life-altering consequences of a spinal cord injury. Through this study, valuable insight was gained with regard to experiences of both persons with spinal cord injuries and that of their significant others. Recommendations were made for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Cogger, Naomi. "Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in two- and three-year-old Australian Thoroughbred racehorses." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1611.

Full text

Abstract:

Doctor of Philosophy
The aim of this research was to describe the epidemiology of musculoskeletal (MS) injuries in two- and three-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. A 27 month longitudinal study commencing in May 2000 was conducted. The study convenience sampled 14 trainers with facilities at metropolitan and provincial racetracks in New South Wales, Australia. In the 2000/01 and 2001/02 racing season, 323 and 128 two-year-olds, respectively, were enrolled in the study. The 451 Thoroughbred horses contributed, 1, 272 preparations and 78, 154 training days to the study. Of the 323 horses enrolled in the 2000/01 racing season, 219 contributed three-year-old data to the study. During the study period 8%, of training days had missing training data and 3% of the 1, 986 starts in the races or barrier trials were incorrectly recorded. The rate of incorrect entries varied with both study month and trainer. Similarly, the rate of training days with missing data varied between trainers and with study month. Four hundred and twenty-eight MS injuries were recorded in association with 395 preparations in 248 two- and three-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. The IR for all categories of MS injuries, except for tendon and ligament injuries, were higher in twoyear- olds than three-year-olds, although the differences were only significant for shin soreness. Seventy-eight percent of horses enrolled in the study started, in a barrier trial or race, within one year on entering the study. After accounting for other confounders, horses that had sustained a MS injury were 0.50 times less likely to start, in a race or trial, race than those that did not sustain an injury. Seventy percent of horses returned to training after their first MS injury, and the cumulative percentage of these horses that had recovered within six months of the initial MS injury was 55%. After adjusting for clustering at the level of the trainer, the analysis showed that horses that exercised at a gallop pace ≥ 890 m/minute (but had not started in a race) prior to the onset of MS injury, were 2.14 times more likely to recover than horses whose maximum speed, prior to the onset of the first MS injury, was less than 890 m/minute. Similarly, horses that had started in a race or barrier trial were 4.01 times more likely to recover than horses whose maximum speed was less than 890 m/minute. 8 Training days were grouped into units referred to as preparations. A preparation began on the day that the horse was enrolled in the study, or when a horse returned to training after an absence of more than seven days from the stable. The preparation continued until the horse was lost to follow-up or left the stable for a period of more than seven consecutive days. Univariable and multivariable analytical methods were used to examine the association between a range of independent variables and four preparationlevel measures of performance: (i) the duration of preparations, (ii) length of time from the beginning of the preparation until the first start in a race or barrier trial, (iii) length of time from the first start until the end of the preparation and (iv) rate of starts in races or barrier trials. After adjusting for confounders, younger horses tended to have shorter preparations, took longer to start in a race or barrier trial, had a shorter interval from the first start to the end of the preparation and fewer starts per 100 training days. MS injury was not conditionally associated with any of the outcomes considered in this chapter. Multivariate statistical models were used to explore risk factors for MS injuries. The results suggest that MS injuries involving structures in the lower forelimb (carpus to fetlock inclusive) could be reduced by limiting exposure to high-speed exercise. This supports the proposition that training injuries are caused by the accumulation of micro damage. The results suggest there are a number of other factors that vary at the trainer level that may be risk factors for injuries, in particular joint injuries. These include unmeasured variables such as the rate of increase in distance galloped at high-speed, conformation of the horse, skill of the riders and farrier and veterinary involvement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Dakin, Stephanie Georgina. "The role of prostaglandins in equine tendinopathy." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572458.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Strout, Teresa J. "Malingering of mild closed head injury sequelae with the neuropsychological symptom inventory : a study of the effect of prior knowledge." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1063204.

Full text

Abstract:

Clinical neuropsychologists who assess patients following mild closed head injury (CHI) are often asked to offer an opinion whether there is evidence of malingering. Factors that impact the ability of a person to intentionally portray impairment are quite important since mis-diagnosis of malingering can result in delayed treatment. In this study knowledge of the sequelae of mild CHI was provided to normal college students in an effort to change reporting of symptoms and influence the type of malingering strategy used when completing the Neuropsychological Symptom Inventory (NSI). Subjects were randomly assigned to either a prior knowledge malingering group (PK;N=57), no prior knowledge malingering group (NPK;N=58), or control group (CON;N=61). The results showed that PK subjects endorsed more general and attention/concentration symptoms than NPK or CON subjects. The results also showed PK subjects were as likely to be detected by the NSI lie scale as NPK subjects. Thus, the NSI lie scale demonstrated sensitivity to malingering despite subjects having brief instruction about mild CHI. Also, having prior knowledge did not result in significantly different strategies when completing the NSI. Instead, both malingering groups reportedly used exaggeration and attempted to be consistent as frequent strategies.
Department of Educational Psychology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Granger, Nicolas. "Effects of intraspinal transplantation of mucosal olfactory ensheathing cells in chronic spinal cord injury in domestic dogs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608161.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Aniruth, Sunildutt. "Maxillofacial fractures in children attending the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

Full text

Abstract:

The literature shows that maxillofacial fractures in children are uncommon. Although the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Faculty of Dentistry, of the University of the Western Cape, has been providing a service to the Red Cross Children&rsquo
s Hospital (RXH) for the past twenty years, no study had been undertaken to determine the age, gender, number of patients per year, aetiology, patterns, and management of maxillofacial fractures at this institution. A retrospective records based study was undertaken to determine these features. This study accessed the records of patients seen at the trauma unit at RXH, from 1994 to 2003 inclusive, and referred for maxillofacial attention.

One-hundred-and-five patient records were obtained and analyzed using the SPSS statistic package. One-hundred-and-twenty-seven fractures were recorded in one hundred and five patients. The age of the patients ranged from one to thirteen. Sixty-five male and forty female patients were seen. Dentoalveolar fractures were the most common fracture seen in both the midface and mandible. Midface fractures were more common than mandibular fractures. Falls, followed by motor vehicle accidents, were the most common cause of facial fractures. Most fractures were successfully managed by closed procedures. At this institution, nasal and frontal fractures have surprisingly little or no input from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Scarvell, Jennifer. "Kinematics and degenerative change in ligament-injured knees." University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4139.

Full text

Abstract:

Doctor of Philosophy
The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to examine the associations between the kinematics of the knee characterised by the tibiofemoral contact pattern, and degenerative change, in the context of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. While the natural history of degenerative change following knee injury is well understood, the role of kinematics in these changes is unclear. Kinematics of the knee has been described in a variety of ways, most commonly by describing motion according to the six degrees of freedom of the knee. The advantage of mapping the tibiofemoral contact pattern is that it describes events at the articular surface, important to degenerative change. It was hypothesised that the tibiofemoral contact pattern would be affected by injury to the knee. A model of ACL injury was chosen because the kinematics of the knee have been shown to be affected by ACL injury, and because the majority of chronic ACL-deficient knees develop osteoarthritis, the associations between kinematics and degenerative change could be explored. A technique of tibiofemoral contact pattern mapping was established using MRI, as a quantifiable measure of knee kinematics. The tibiofemoral contact pattern was recorded from 0º to 90º knee flexion while subjects performed a leg-press against a 150N load, using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The technique was tested and found to be reliable, allowing a description of the tibiofemoral contact pattern in 12 healthy subjects. The tibiofemoral contact patterns of knee pathology were then examined in a series of studies of subjects at a variety of stages of chronicity of ligament injury and osteoarthritis. Twenty subjects with recent ACL injury, 23 subjects with chronic ACL deficiency of at least 10 years standing, and 14 subjects with established osteoarthritis of the knee were recruited. The 20 subjects with recent ACL injury were examined again at 12 weeks and 2 years following knee reconstruction. The tibiofemoral contact patterns were examined for each group of subjects and the associations between changes in the contact patterns and evidence of joint damage explored. Evidence of joint damage and severity of osteoarthritis were recorded from xrays, diagnostic MRI, operation reports and bone densitometry at the tibial and femoral condyles of the knee. Each of the three groups with knee pathology exhibited different characteristics in the tibiofemoral contact pattern, and these differences were associated with severity of joint damage and osteoarthritis. The recently ACL-injured knees demonstrated a tibiofemoral contact pattern that was posterior on the tibial plateau, particularly in the lateral compartment. Those with chronic ACL deficiency demonstrated differences in the contact pattern in the medial compartment, associated with severity of damage to the knee joint. Osteoarthritic knees showed reduced femoral roll back and longitudinal rotation that normally occur during knee flexion. Two years following knee reconstruction there was no difference between the contact pattern of the reconstructed and healthy contralateral knees. This technique of tibiofemoral contact pattern mapping is sensitive to the abnormal characteristics of kinematics in ligament injury and osteoarthritis. This is the first time the tibiofemoral contact characteristics of chronic ACL-deficient and osteoarthritis knees have been described and links examined between tibiofemoral contact patterns and degenerative change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Tse, Yuen-kwan. "Impact of traumatic events on patients with physical injuries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29759304.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

林玊玲 and Yuk-ling Lam. "Patterns of musculoskeletal injuries in collegiate dancers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257264.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Muscles – Wounds and injuries'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles