Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Muscles – Motility'
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Phanachet, Intira. "Single motor unit activity of the human lateral pterygoid muscle during defined tasks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4731.
Full textArcher, Akibi A. A. "Two dimensional spatial coherence of skeletal muscle's natural vibrations during voluntary contractions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42803.
Full textGénadry, Walid François. "System identification of human ankle muscles activation dynamics." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65456.
Full textSkoss, Ann Rachel Locke. "Stabilisation of the human ankle joint in varying degrees of freedom : investigation of neuromuscular mechanisms." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0021.
Full textHoneycutt, Claire Fletcher. "Mechanisms underlying muscle recruitment in response to postural perturbations." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28192.
Full textCommittee Chair: T. Richard Nichols; Committee Member: Lena Ting; Committee Member: Shawn Hochman; Committee Member: Thomas Burkholder; Committee Member: Timothy Cope.
Arc-Chagnaud, Coralie. "Regulation of antioxidant defenses in the prevention of skeletal muscle deconditioning." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONT4005.
Full textMusculoskeletal system plays a key role in organism’s well-functioning and is responsible for a large variety of functions such as posture, locomotion, balance, and activities of daily life. The quality of the skeletal muscle is therefore capital to maintain quality of life and, in the long term, survival. Hypoactivity and aging are two situations that cause skeletal muscle deconditioning, therefore sharing common characteristics: loss of muscle strength, muscular atrophy and MyHC redistribution, as well as IMAT accumulation. To date, there is plenty of evidence supporting a causative link between oxidative stress phenomenon and muscle deconditioning.The general aim of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the impact of the modulation of the antioxidant defenses on the prevention of muscle deconditioning. It has been studied from two perspectives, the first one in the context of aging and the second in the context of hypoactivity.The first study aimed to evaluate frailty in old female animals, using WT and G6PD-overexpressing mice. We evaluated muscle quality parameters and oxidative stress markers. Finally, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of muscle samples and highlighted differentially expressed genes in both groups of mice.The second study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a cocktail enriched in antioxidant/anti-inflammatory molecules in a 2-month hypoactivity experiment (Bedrest model). Our results clearly demonstrate the ineffectiveness of this type of supplementation in the prevention of muscle mass and strength loss. Moreover, data regarding muscle molecular mechanisms highlight an alteration of recovery processes in the supplemented subjects.Finally, the conclusions of our two studies gave clues on the suitable antioxidant modulation strategy for the prevention of skeletal muscle deconditioning. It seems preferable to focus on the stimulation of endogenous defense system whether than towards exogenous supply of nutritional antioxidants. Nevertheless, the complexity of redox signaling requires better understanding to optimize countermeasures in muscle wasting situations
Romaiguère, Patricia. "Propriétés biomécaniques et modalités d'activation volontaire et réflexe des unités motrices des muscles extenseurs du carpe chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11290.
Full textNiederländer, Nicolas. "Rôles de la titine et ENH4 dans la structure et la régulation du muscle strié." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20146.
Full textDoutreloux, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à l'étude du muscle : évolution de l'architecture du muscle penne au cours du développement post-embryonnaire : exemple des muscles crural et droit antérieur du lapin (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28192.
Full textWe have studied the architectural evolution of two rabbit pinnate muscles, between birth and sexual maturity, according to four different approches : the behavior of the animals in their life rearing context, the dissection of 96 hindlimbs, the measure of architectural parameters and the realisation of histological crosssections. The biometrics measures have benn always made in the same conditions thanks to the choice of a reference position corresponding to the minimal length of the resting muscle "in situ". The morphology of the two muscles doesn't undergo metamorphis ; their lengthening happens at different rates, corresponding to both alimentary and motricity changes. Lengthening is firstly the result of hypertrophy of tendinous sheets which seems to contribute to the bone action and to finish the muscle fibers organisation and arrangement iniciated during the embryonary period of development. We suggest that the different parts of a single muscle grow at different rates because of the regional variation of the angle of the muscular fibers
Martin, Christine. "Etude in situ de l'action des hormones thyroi͏̈diennes sur la réponse contractile et le métabolisme énergétique de muscles lents et rapides chez le rat : investigation par spectroscopie de RMN du proton et du phosphore 31." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11310.
Full textDossat, Arnaud. "Peroneus digiti quarti et peroneus digiti quinti : propriétés mécaniques contractiles et fonctions lors de tâches posturales et locomotrices." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21471.
Full textFor several years the existence of small muscles with a proprioceptive function was under debate. The fibular muscles of the Rat, abductor of the 4th or 5th digit were chosen as model. The proportions and properties of the main types of motor units were determined in these muscles. Furthermore, it was shown that the summation of the forces developed by the motor units in these muscles was linear in either static or dynamic conditions. An histological study of the distribution of the intramuscular connective tissue helped to explain this linearity. All these results allowed to design a mathematical model of the generation of motor unit forces. To study the function of the abduction of the 4th and 5th digit during walking the cinematic of the hind limbs was determined using video recordings. The changes in cinematic after tenotomy of the 5th digit and the results on the motor unit forces tend to prove that these small muscles are not mechanically efficient but seem to have a proprioceptive function
Ould, Houmeida Ahmedou. "Régulation de la polymérisation de l'actine : implication des sous domaines I et III de l'actine, sites d'interaction de la gelsoline et de la protéine transporteuse de la vitamine D." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30145.
Full textTorihashi, Shigeko, Hiroshi Ozaki, Masatoshi Hori, Muneto Kita, Sachiyo Ohota, Hideaki Karaki, and 茂子 鳥橋. "Resident macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suppress muscle tension and initiate inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal muscle layer." Springer, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7448.
Full textLazerges, Michel. "Effets immédiats des changements d'activité tonique des muscles extenseurs sur la marche chez l'homme. Contribution à l'étude des troubles de l'habileté motrice des spationautes." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30197.
Full textMellah, Samira. "Etude des effets de la préparation motrice sur la musculature : modalités de décharge des unités motrices et rôle de la voie corticospinale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30041.
Full textDuc, Francine. "Contribution à l’étude du contrôle hormonal sur la motricité duodénale chez le rat : Rôle privilégié de la cholecystokinine." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0003.
Full textChettab, Radja. "Contribution à l'étude du signal acoustomyographique (AMG) : analyse et interprétation des sons émis par les muscles squelettiques lors de leur contraction." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD625.
Full textEl, Makssoud Hassan. "Modélisation et identification des muscles squelettiques sous stimulation électrique fonctionnelle." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20205.
Full textFarrelly, Angela M. "Cloning, expression and function of Kv11.1 variants in the human jejunum /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2004. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3131745.
Full textPorter, Lauren Jade. "The impact of smooth muscle cell ageing upon actin cytoskeleton organisation, adhesion and motility." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-smooth-muscle-cell-ageing-upon-actin-cytoskeleton-organisation-adhesion-and-motility(96930515-40a6-4cee-ae5d-5fe9880c63f5).html.
Full textTrombetta, Alberto. "The actomyosin system in molluscan muscle studied by in vitro motility and optical trap techniques." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300559.
Full textAhmed, Rashad. "Signaling Pathways Coupled to Melatonin Receptor MT1 in Gastric Smooth Muscle." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2192.
Full textAllaf, Oula. "Le Muscle epitrochlearis de rat et son adaptation à la demande fonctionnelle." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP0998.
Full textSince a long time, the humanity has given a particular place to the study of athletic gestures. It was discovered that a wide category of muscles existed in living beings and that their evolution occurred due to alterations imposed by their environment. Ln new conditions, some muscles respond in a new pattern and hence adapt themselves to a newly imposed function. This induces a structural and functional re-ordering of the muscles, leading to changes in biochemical and mechanical characteristics which tend to reflect muscle plasticity. Ln our work, a rats were suspended to induce hyperactivity of postural nature in a phasic muscle of the forelimb : the epitrochlearis. Thus, the rat has to use its forelimb to move around or to maintain his posture. Results show that, after 21 days, the epitrochlearis behaves as a slower muscle : fibbers and myosin heavy chains of type 1 are increased, maximal shortening velocity is decreased, resistance to fatigue is improved and stiffness is increased. Thanks to a model including the force-velocity relationship, the role of the myosin light chains in this adaptative process is emphasized. Moreover, an increase in the total number of muscle fibbers is observed. This could be the result of a mitotic division of satellite cells which are able to generate new undifferentiated fibbers. These fibbers should transform themselves into slow fibbers. This study confirms the relationship between fibber types, contractile proteins and mechanical properties. The observed plasticity is certainly related to the original work by the muscle during suspension, notably, the need of an important postural activity
Edholm, Therese. "The role of incretin peptides and ghrelin in upper gut motility and metabolic control /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-937-8/.
Full textBrochner, nielsen Niels Peter. "The effects of fatigue and pain on muscle coordination during a multijoint task." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2027/document.
Full textMovement requires the coordination of multiple muscles. How this is done during fatigue and pain is not well understood, particularly in multijoint tasks. This thesis investigated muscle coordination and the adaptations to local fatigue or pain during pedaling. Fatigue and pain was induced unilaterally on the quadriceps, which made it possible to determine the adaptations at these perturbed muscles, as well as between synergists, and muscles within the same leg and between legs. The thesis demonstrated that during submaximal pedaling, the unilateral pre-fatigue results in a predominant redistribution of muscle activity towards unaffected muscles at the contralateral leg. Another study performed in the same pre-fatigue condition but at maximal intensity, provided evidence that muscle coordination changes to decrease activation of ipsilateral synergist muscles allowing to maintain an effective force orientation at the pedal. Interestingly, we also observed an increase in activation of other muscles which participated to improve the total force produced during the flexion phase of both legs. Finally, another study that induced unilateral local pain, supported pain adaptation theories suggesting that when there is a clear opportunity to compensate, adaptations to pain occur to decrease load within the painful tissue. Overall this thesis demonstrated that muscle coordination readily adapts exploiting the many degrees of freedom available during pedaling. Both neural (between legs) and mechanical (between pedals) couplings in this specific task and the minimization of cost functions (neural, energetic, mechanical) or pain adaptation theories might explain these results
Pagano, Allan. "Déconditionnement et régénération du muscle strié squelettique : rôle du niveau d’activité contractile sur le développement d’infiltrations graisseuses." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT4004/document.
Full textSkeletal muscle is a fascinating tissue that ensures core functions: moving, maintaining postures, feeding, communicating or just breathing. Many situations, associated with hypoactivity, are able to involve muscle deconditioning defined by a loss of mass and strength, as well as fat infiltration development (IMAT), altogether impairing muscle function. IMAT development occurs also with disrupted regeneration processes. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) appear as the main stem cell population involved in IMAT development. The interaction between FAPs and satellite/immune cells seems to be a crucial trio for an efficient regeneration, without IMAT development. According to the literature, the degree of contractile activity is able to affect the expression levels of different cytokines involved in FAPs fate, and therefore in IMAT accumulation. Our work contributed to increase scientific knowledge on muscle fatty infiltrations and their exacerbations in hypoactivity or regeneration situations. We showed that 3 days of hypoactivity in human, induced by the innovative model of dry immersion, are sufficient to promote an increase in IMAT content. In a context of muscle regeneration, induced by the mouse glycerol model, we highlighted an almost complete inhibition of IMAT accumulation by decreasing mechanical constraints applied to the injured muscle. We also investigated the role of the TNFα/TGF-β1 axis, and therefore the potential role of the inflammatory stage in FAPs apoptosis and inhibition of IMAT development. Our work open up new prospects 1°) clarifying the role of IMAT in muscle dysfunction, and 2°) defining the underlying mechanisms controlling IMAT development and accumulation
Spring, Cécile. "Modification of spontaneous motility of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum by different serotinin receptor agonists /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
Full textLi, Mingxin. "Celluar and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Contraction in Health and Disease." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk neurofysiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-123005.
Full textLevin, Fredrik. "Ghrelin action on gastrointestinal functions and appetite in rat and man /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-746-4/.
Full textSahli, Sonia. "Détermination des efforts articulaires induits par le mouvement de 1/2 squat avec charge additionnelle : approche cinématique et cinétique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20035.
Full textLampire, Nicolas. "Caractérisation de la cinématique et de la dynamique musculaire lors de la marche chez les sujets hémiparétiques : approche par modélisation musculosquelettique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10262/document.
Full textThis thesis was carried out under a CIFRE, marking the collaboration between LBMC (Laboratory of Biomechanics and Impact Mechanics) and the Centre of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ADAPT Loiret. The research theme emerging from this collaboration is the characterization of gait disorders in subjects affected by a disease of the central nervous system
Persson, Malin. "Characterization and optimization of the in vitro motility assay for fundamental studies of myosin II." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-25241.
Full textHöök, Peter. "A novel single skeletal muscle cell in vitro motility assay : effects of aging and non-enzymatic glycosylation on myosin function /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4688-4/.
Full textGosselin, Vincent. "Modulation de la locomotion chez le grillon Gryllus bimaculatus : approche électromyographique et neurophysiologique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30178.
Full textBacou, Francis. "Innervation motrice et différenciation des muscles squelettiques rapides et lents chez les Vertébrés supérieurs : métabolisme intermédiaire, polymorphisme de l'acétylcholinestérase, caractéristiques de la matrice extracellulaire." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20080.
Full textDal, Maso Fabien. "Implication du cortex moteur primaire dans la régulation de la coactivation musculaire : étude de la modulation des oscillations corticales et des interactions cortico-musculaires." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3292/.
Full textMuscular coactivation is fundamental in stabilizing and protecting the articulations during voluntary contractions and plays an important role in movement control. Numerous studies have shown the contribution of supraspinal and spinal mechanisms to the regulation of muscular coactivation but the implication of the primary motor cortex (M1) is still unclear. We studied the modulation of cortical oscillations and cortico-muscular interactions during isometric contractions in athletes having different levels of muscular coactivation as a consequence of their training orientation (strength (ST) vs. Endurance (ED). We found that in ST, reduced muscular coactivation was associated with greater M1 activation, which could be explained by the control of a greater number of muscles, including antagonist muscles. Using a novel method to analyze cortico-muscular interactions, we show that M1 is directly involved in the control of antagonist muscles in all participants. However, the magnitude of cortico-muscular interactions with antagonist muscles was lower than in agonist muscles, which could be explained by a greater involvement of spinal mechanisms in the regulation of muscular coactivation. The estimation of agonist and antagonist muscle group moments opens the perspective to investigate the cerebral correlates of the modulation of muscular torque. Our results obtained through an approach combining biomechanics and neurosciences highlighted the involvement of M1 in the regulation of the muscular coactivation during isometric voluntary contractions
Blakeney, Bryan Adam. "Branched Short Chain Fatty Acid Isovaleric Acid Causes Smooth Muscle Relaxation via cAMP/PKA Pathway, Inhibits Gastrointestinal Motility, and Disrupts Peristaltic Movement." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5548.
Full textTheodorou, Vassilia. "Relations entre motricité, transit et absorption hydrique au niveau du colon : approche physiologique et pharmacologique." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT034A.
Full textBulteau, Laurence. "Le récepteur aux dihydropyridines et l'évolution du couplage excitation-contraction durant la myogenèse in vitro : données moléculaires et électrophysiologiques." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2375.
Full textMay, Alexander T. "Identification of Expression and Function of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor in Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4886.
Full textHowley, Stéphane. "Développement et approche de personnalisation d'un modèle numérique musculaire déformable du cou." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10306.
Full textThe objective of this thesis, as part of the DEMU2NECK European project, was to contribute to develop a 3D, deformable model of the neck, with contractile muscles and including the possibility of patient-specific geometric personalisation. The aim of this model is to contribute to a better understanding of the links that exist between pathologies, cervical spine posture and muscular activation in order to help clinicians and medical devices manufacturers in their decision making process. To achieve this goal, the thesis work was divided into four main tasks: after a i) bibliographic synthesis, ii) a passive generic finite element model was developed and validated. The third step consisted in iii) the development of a finite element muscle model and its integration to the generic passive model. The contractile function of the muscles was implemented during isometric and dynamic simulations of simple functional tasks of the neck. The transverse forces that were transmitted from the muscles to the cervical spine are in good agreement with the hypothesis of a contribution of these forces to the cervical spine stability. The last task covered iv) the personalisation process of the generic model. The responses of subject-specific models based on volunteers were compared with the ones obtained from the generic model. They showed significant differences and, therefore, the scientific relevance of the personalization approach
Giannarelli, Sylvie. "Validation de modèles cellulaires issus du tractus digestif : la lignée IEC-6 pour l'étude de l'adaptation aux AINS et à l'éthanol au cours des passages successifs : mise au point d'un modèle de cellules musculaires lisses isolées." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30015.
Full textJeanneton, Olivier. "Etude des récepteurs membranaires du PAF du muscle lisse intestinal : caractérisation pharmacologique, mécanismes intracellulaires et régulation des récepteurs au cours de l'inflammation." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30199.
Full textDelmas, Patrick. "Nouveau courant muscarinique dans les neurones sympathiques des mammifères." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30074.
Full textDakpé, Stéphanie. "Etude biomécanique de la mimique faciale." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2203/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to study facials mimics movements and to correlate externat soft tissue (i.e., cutaneous) movement during facial mimics with internal (i.e., facial mimic muscle) movement. The entire facial mimicry couldn't be studied, that's why relevant movements had been selected. Those movements were characterised by a clinically qualitative analysis in 23 young healthy volunteers. The analysis was performed with video recordings including scaling derived from the FACS (Facial Action Coding System). After the validation of external characterisation by this method, internal characterisation of the mimic facial muscle was carried out in 10 volunteers. A modelization of selected facial mimic muscle as Zygomaticus Major was achieved. With this work, morphological parameters could be extracted, 3D morphometric data were analysed to provide a better understanding of cinematic behaviour of muscle in different positions.This research is included in the Simovi Project, which aims to determine to what extent a facial mimic can be evaluated objectively, to select the qualitative and quantitative indicators for evaluation of mimic facial disorders, and to transfer our technological developments in clinical field. This research is a first step and provides data for simulation or developments of measurement tools in evaluation and follow-up of mimic facial disorders
Halimi, Mohamad. "Apport de l'analyse des propriétés neuromécaniques au suivi d'un protocole de rééducation fonctionnelle." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1599.
Full textTo evaluate the efficacy of a proprioceptive rehabilitation program, using instable platforms, a multiparametric protocol has been defines. It includes a quantification of the equilibrium on the instable platform and the evaluation of mechanical and activation properties for ankle and knee muscles. This study includes 35 healthy subjects and 4 patients suffering from ankle or knee injuries and all involved in the program of proprioceptive rehabilitation. After this period, both equilibrium and voluntary torques developed were improved. An increase in the reflex excitability, the neuromuscular efficacy and a decrease in the activation deficit were attested. These changes, more evidenced in patients that in healthy subjects, indicated that the proprioceptive rehabilitation pro gram induces comparable effects as an endurance training
Ducomps, Christophe. "Adaptations fonctionnelles du muscle squelettique à l'exercice de haute intensité : effets sur le collagène, les propriétés mécaniques passives et la distribution des fibres musculaires." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30077.
Full textThe functional adaptations of various skeletal muscles, were investigated in response to a high-intensity exercise training, i. E. Jumping. The mechanical analysis reveals an increase in resistance and passive stiffness of pennate Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) and Rectus Femoris (RF) muscles after training, in addition to a general increase induced by age. This increase in passive mechanical qualities could be linked to an increase in collagen concentration of muscles. .
Prulière, Gérard. "Contribution à l'étude des protéines impliquées dans la motilité cellulaire : propriétés structurales et régulatrices de la tropomyosine de plaquette, transitions isozomiques de la myosine dans les souris de la lignée "dwarf"." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066377.
Full textStelletta, Julien. "Modélisation volumique déformable du système musculosquelettique du membre inférieur." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10107/document.
Full textMusculo-skeletal modeling can update our knowledge concerning the biomechanical behavior of the osteoarticular and musculotendinous structures. This research work is focus on the development of methodology and tools for the generation of a personalized model of the lower limb musculoskeletal system, taking account of the deformable and contractile behavior of the muscles. This workflow automatically builds the model dataset (from medical imagery), performs the simulations (coupled with a multibody dynamic model), and offers specific analysis tools (as local stiffness mapping in the active muscle) required for various orthopedic studies
Entakli, Jonathan. "Implication des projections spinales de l'aire motrice supplémentaire lors d'un contrôle précis de force : étude par TMS et EEG." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4121/document.
Full textHuman dexterity is a highly developed function based on the ability to independently and precisely control forces and movements of the fingers related to the constraints of the task. Hand muscles for finger movements are steered by the lateral corticospinal (CS) system. The main source of this CS system is the primary motor area (M1), which has direct CS projections on motoneurons innervating hand muscles. Recently, CS projections from non-primary motor area have also been found, especially from the supplementary motor area (SMA). However, the functionality of this CS tract in human manual force control is little studied. The aim of this thesis was to study the implication of the CS projections from SMA in precision manual force control, using electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Altogether, the results obtained in our different studies show the important implication of SMA in dexterity. It appears that this area can act in parallel with M1, directly influencing excitability of spinal motoneurons. We conclude that M1 and SMA both have direct and efficient influence on force production during fine manual motor tasks