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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Muscles – Motility

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Academic literature on the topic 'Muscles – Motility'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Muscles – Motility"

1

Sanders, Kenton M., Yoshihiko Kito, Sung Jin Hwang, and Sean M. Ward. "Regulation of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Function by Interstitial Cells." Physiology 31, no. 5 (September 2016): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00006.2016.

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Interstitial cells of mesenchymal origin form gap junctions with smooth muscle cells in visceral smooth muscles and provide important regulatory functions. In gastrointestinal (GI) muscles, there are two distinct classes of interstitial cells, c-Kit+interstitial cells of Cajal and PDGFRα+cells, that regulate motility patterns. Loss of these cells may contribute to symptoms in GI motility disorders.

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Li, Wen, Ashley Olseen, Yeming Xie, Cristina Alexandru, Andrew Outland, Angela F. Herrera, Andrew J. Syder, Jill Wykosky, and Brian A. Perrino. "Mfge8 attenuates human gastric antrum smooth muscle contractions." Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility 42, no. 2 (June 2021): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10974-021-09604-y.

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AbstractCoordinated gastric smooth muscle contraction is critical for proper digestion and is adversely affected by a number of gastric motility disorders. In this study we report that the secreted protein Mfge8 (milk fat globule-EGF factor 8) inhibits the contractile responses of human gastric antrum muscles to cholinergic stimuli by reducing the inhibitory phosphorylation of the MYPT1 (myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit (1) subunit of MLCP (myosin light chain phosphatase), resulting in reduced LC20 (smooth muscle myosin regulatory light chain (2) phosphorylation. Mfge8 reduced the agonist-induced increase in the F-actin/G-actin ratios of β-actin and γ-actin1. We show that endogenous Mfge8 is bound to its receptor, α8β1 integrin, in human gastric antrum muscles, suggesting that human gastric antrum muscle mechanical responses are regulated by Mfge8. The regulation of gastric antrum smooth muscles by Mfge8 and α8 integrin functions as a brake on gastric antrum mechanical activities. Further studies of the role of Mfge8 and α8 integrin in regulating gastric antrum function will likely reveal additional novel aspects of gastric smooth muscle motility mechanisms.

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Butler, Jane, Peter Cauwenbergs, and Ethel Cosmos. "Fate of brachial muscles of the chick embryo innervated by inappropriate nerves: structural, functional and histochemical analyses." Development 95, no. 1 (June 1, 1986): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.95.1.147.

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The extent of interaction between brachial muscles and foreign (thoracic) nerves of the chick embryo was determined during an extended period of development in ovo from the perspectives of innervation pattern, function (motility analyses), muscle growth (quantitative analyses of muscle volume) and fibre-type expression (myosin-ATPase profiles). Results indicated that according to all parameters analysed, initially a compatible union existed between the foreign nerves and their muscle targets. During subsequent stages of development, deterioration of the once compatible relationship emerged, until eventually denervation of muscles, i.e. an actual loss of intramuscular nerve branches, was observed. The process of denervation, which proceeded at a differential rate among individual muscles, however was restricted to brachial muscles derived from the premuscle masses of the wing bud. In contrast, brachial muscles of myotomal origin were spared the fate of wing-bud-derived muscles and maintained a successful union with the foreign nerves.

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Bradley, Nina S., Young U. Ryu, and John Lin. "Fast Locomotor Burst Generation in Late Stage Embryonic Motility." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 4 (April 2008): 1733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01393.2007.

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We examined muscle burst patterns and burst frequencies for a distinct form of repetitive leg movement recently identified in chick embryos at embryonic day (E)18 that had not been previously studied. The aim was to determine if burst frequencies during repetitive leg movements were indicative of a rhythm burst generator and if maturing muscle afferent mechanisms could modulate the rhythm. Electromyographic recordings synchronized with video were performed in ovo during spontaneous movement at E15, E18, and E20. Multiple leg muscles were rhythmically active during repetitive leg movements at E18 and E20. Rhythmic activity was present at E15 but less well formed. The ankle dorsi flexor, tibialis anterior, was the most reliably rhythmic muscle because extensor muscles frequently dropped out. Tibialis anterior burst frequencies ranged from 1 to 12 Hz, similar to frequencies during fast locomotor burst generation in lamprey. The distribution in burst frequencies at E18 was greatest at lower frequencies and similar to locomotor data in hatchlings. Relative distributions were more variable at E20 and shifted toward faster frequencies. The shell wall anterior to the leg was removed in some experiments to determine if environmental constraints associated with growth contributed to frequency distributions. Wall removal had minimal impact at E18. E20 embryos extended their foot outside the egg, during which faster frequencies were observed. Our findings provide evidence that embryonic motility in chick may be controlled by a fast locomotor burst generator by E15 and that modulation by proprioceptors may emerge between E18 and E20.

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Li, Wen, Kent C. Sasse, Yulia Bayguinov, Sean M. Ward, and Brian A. Perrino. "Contractile Protein Expression and Phosphorylation and Contractility of Gastric Smooth Muscles from Obese Patients and Patients with Obesity and Diabetes." Journal of Diabetes Research 2018 (May 31, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8743874.

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Ingested food is received, mixed, and ground into chyme by distinct gastric motility patterns. Diabetes impairs gastric muscle function, but the mechanisms underlying diabetes-induced gastric muscle dysfunction are unknown. Here, we compared the expression and phosphorylation of Ca2+ sensitization and contractile proteins in human gastric muscles from obese nondiabetic and diabetic patients. We also compared the spontaneous phasic contractions and the contractile responses evoked by electrical field stimulation of cholinergic motor neurons. Fundus and antrum muscles were obtained from sleeve gastrectomies and were used in in vitro myobath contractile studies and for capillary electrophoresis and immunodetection of γ-actin, CPI-17, pT38-CPI-17, MYPT1, pT853-MYPT1, pT696-MYPT1, myosin light chain (MYL9), pS19-MYL9, myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), protein phosphatase-1δ (PP1δ), and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK2). In diabetic fundus muscles, MYLK, ROCK2, and PP1δ expression was unchanged; MYPT1 and CPI-17 expression was decreased; and the pT853/MYPT1 and pT38/CPI-17 ratios, but not the pT696/MYPT1 ratio, were increased. Although MYL9 expression was increased, the pS19/MYL9 ratio was unchanged in diabetic fundus muscles. In diabetic antrum muscles, MYLK and MYL9 expression was unchanged, but ROCK2, CPI-17, and PP1δ expression was decreased. The pT38/CPI-17 ratio was unchanged, while the pS19/MYL9, pT853/MYPT1, and pT696/MYPT1 ratios were decreased, consistent with the reduced ROCK2 expression. The frequencies of spontaneous phasic contractions from nondiabetic and diabetic gastric fundus and antrum muscles did not significantly differ from each other, regardless of age, sex, or diabetic status. The fold increases in the contractions of diabetic fundus and antrum muscles in response to increased frequencies of electrical field stimulation were significantly lower compared to nondiabetic fundus and antrum muscles. The altered contractile responses and the protein expression and phosphorylation in gastric muscles of obese patients with diabetes illustrate the importance of understanding how smooth muscle Ca2+ sensitization mechanisms contribute to gastric motility.

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Granato, M., F. J. van Eeden, U. Schach, T. Trowe, M. Brand, M. Furutani-Seiki, P. Haffter, et al. "Genes controlling and mediating locomotion behavior of the zebrafish embryo and larva." Development 123, no. 1 (December 1, 1996): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.399.

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Zebrafish embryos and larvae have stage-specific patterns of motility or locomotion. Two embryonic structures accomplish this behavior: the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal muscles. To identify genes that are functionally involved in mediating and controlling different patterns of embryonic and larval motility, we included a simple touch response test in our zebrafish large-scale genetic screen. In total we identified 166 mutants with specific defects in embryonic motility. These mutants fall into 14 phenotypically distinct groups comprising at least 48 genes. Here we describe the various phenotypic groups including mutants with no or reduced motility, mechanosensory defective mutants, ‘spastic’ mutants, circling mutants and motor circuit defective mutants. In 63 mutants, defining 18 genes, striation of somitic muscles is reduced. Phenotypic analysis provides evidence that these 18 genes have distinct and consecutive functions during somitic muscle development. The genes sloth (slo) and frozen (fro) already act during myoblast differentiation, while 13 genes appear to function later, in the formation of myofibers and the organization of sarcomeres. Mutations in four other genes result in muscle-specific degeneration. 103 mutations, defining at least 30 genes, cause no obvious defects in muscle formation and may instead affect neuronal development. Analysis of the behavioral defects suggests that these genes participate in the diverse locomotion patterns observed, such as touch response, rhythmic tail movements, equilibrium control, or that they simply confer general motility to the animal. In some of these mutants specific defects in the developing nervous system are detected. Mutations in two genes, nevermind (nev) and macho (mao), affect axonal projection in the optic tectum, whereas axon formation and elongation of motorneurons are disrupted by mutations in the diwanka (diw) and the unplugged (unp) genes.

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Fiaschi, Tania, Francesco Saverio Tedesco, Elisa Giannoni, Jordi Diaz-Manera, Matteo Parri, Giulio Cossu, and Paola Chiarugi. "Globular Adiponectin as a Complete Mesoangioblast Regulator: Role in Proliferation, Survival, Motility, and Skeletal Muscle Differentiation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, no. 6 (March 15, 2010): 848–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e09-04-0310.

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Mesoangioblasts are progenitor endowed with multipotent mesoderm differentiation ability. Despite the promising results obtained with mesoangioblast transplantation in muscle dystrophy, an improvement of their efficient engrafting and survival within damaged muscles, as well as their ex vivo activation/expansion and commitment toward myogenic lineage, is highly needed and should greatly increase their therapeutic potential. We show that globular adiponectin, an adipokine endowed with metabolic and differentiating functions for muscles, regulates vital cues of mesoangioblast cell biology. The adipokine drives mesoangioblasts to entry cell cycle and strongly counteracts the apoptotic process triggered by growth factor withdrawal, thereby serving as an activating and prosurvival stem cell factor. In addition, adiponectin provides a specific protection against anoikis, the apoptotic death due to lack of anchorage to extracellular matrix, suggesting a key protective role for these nonresident stem cells after systemic injection. Finally, adiponectin behaves as a chemoattractive factor toward mature myotubes and stimulates their differentiation toward the skeletal muscle lineage, serving as a positive regulator in mesoangioblast homing to injured or diseased muscles. We conclude that adiponectin exerts several advantageous effects on mesoangioblasts, potentially valuable to improve their efficacy in cell based therapies of diseased muscles.

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Messom, Georgette Vandeputte-Van, Christian Burvenich, and Georges Peeters. "Effect of serotonin on the motility of smooth muscles in teats of lactating cows." Journal of Dairy Research 52, no. 3 (August 1985): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900024249.

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SUMMARYThe effects of serotonin, injected into one udder artery, on teat smooth muscle function were investigated in four lactating cows. Motility of longitudinal smooth muscles was recorded by a plethysmographic technique, and sphincter function by measuring milk leakage from the full udder. Serotonin (40, 120 and 360 μg) activated teat muscle tonicity and reduced the volume of milk leakage. The effects on longitudinal smooth muscles were reduced by mianserin and ketanserin (0·375, 1·5 and 6 mg) and by methysergide (1·5 mg). These blocking substances were also effective (0·2, 0·6 and 1·8 mg respectively) in antagonizing the inhibiting action of serotonin on milk leakage. It is suggested that serotonin effects are mediated by receptors of the S2-type.

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Bruenech, Jan Richard, Inga-Britt Kjellevold Haugen, Ulla Bak, Marianne Maagaard, and Frans VanderWerf. "The Oculomotor Systems Ability to Adapt to Structural Changes Caused by the Process of Senescence: A Review." Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science 5, no. 1 (July 17, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5384/sjovs.vol5i1p1-14.

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Age-related binocular vision anomalies are frequently encountered during clinical examination of mature patients. Observations of both concomitant and incomitant restrictions in eye motility indicate that all oculomotor system levels are implicated, from cortical neurons down to extraocular muscles. The system can make adaptations in response to changes induced by growth and ageing, which it does by monitoring and adjusting its own performance. This adaptive mechanism, which is important for maintaining motility, spatial orientation, and perceptual stability, seems to rely on extra-retinal information about eye position in relation to the head and trunk. Receptors in the extraocular muscles and the vestibular system, assumed to contribute to this type of information, also undergo age-related changes. This may compromise their ability to assist in the adaptive process and in potential calibrations of other neural systems. Furthermore, recent observations of a dual, common, final pathway and double insertions of distal extraocular muscles suggest that muscle and tendon receptors may facilitate other, still unresolved, functions in the visual system. Consequently, age-related changes in certain mechanoreceptors may have more severe implications for ocular motility and visual functions than previously assumed. This review aims to detail some of the most frequent neurogenic and myogenic age-related changes that take place in the human oculomotor system and relevant pre-motor structures. It will also address clinical implications of these changes and the potential adaptive mechanism they initiate.

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Ma, Delin, Jeffrey M. Shuler, Aishwarya Kumar, Quincy R. Stanford, Sudheer Tungtur, Hiroshi Nishimune, and John A. Stanford. "Effects of Tongue Force Training on Bulbar Motor Function in the Female SOD1-G93A Rat Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 31, no. 2 (September 24, 2016): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968316666956.

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Background. The use of exercise in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is controversial. Although moderate exercise appears to be beneficial for limb muscles in ALS, the effects of exercise on bulbar muscles such as the tongue have not been studied. Objective. To determine the effects of tongue force training on bulbar motor function in the SOD1-G93A rat model of ALS. Methods. We compared the effects of tongue force training on bulbar motor function and neuromuscular junction innervation in female SOD1-G93A rats and age-matched female wild-type controls. Half of each group underwent afternoon tongue force training sessions, and all rats were tested under minimal force conditions in the mornings. Results. Tongue force did not differ between the SOD1-G93A rats and healthy controls during the morning testing sessions, nor was it affected by training. Surprisingly, decreases in tongue motility, the number of licks per session, and body weight were greater in the tongue force–trained SOD1-G93A rats. Forelimb grip force, survival, and denervation of the genioglossus (GG) muscle did not differ between the trained and untrained SOD1-G93A rats. GG innervation was correlated with changes in tongue force but not tongue motility in SOD1-G93A rats at end stage. Conclusions. The results indicate a potential deleterious effect of tongue force training on tongue motility in female SOD1-G93A rats. The lack of a relationship between GG innervation and tongue motility suggests that factors other than lower–motor neuron integrity likely accounted for this effect.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Muscles – Motility"

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Phanachet, Intira. "Single motor unit activity of the human lateral pterygoid muscle during defined tasks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4731.

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Archer, Akibi A. A. "Two dimensional spatial coherence of skeletal muscle's natural vibrations during voluntary contractions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42803.

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Low frequency mechanical vibrations (<100 Hz) are naturally generated by skeletal muscles during voluntary contractions. Recording of these vibrations at the muscle surface are called surface mechanomyograms (S-MMGs). In this study, S-MMGs were recorded over a 3 x 5 grid of skin mounted accelerometers on the biceps brachii muscle during submaximal voluntary isometric contractions with the arm in a pronated position for ten healthy and young male subjects with no overt sign of neuromuscular diseases. For a given pair of accelerometers, the spatial coherence of S-MMG is a measure of the similarity of the S-MMG signals propagating between those two sensors. Two common techniques to estimate the spatial coherence for narrowband S-MMG signals, namely the magnitude squared coherence function and the maximum of the time-domain cross-correlation function, were found to yield similar results. In particular, high spatial coherence values were measured for sensor pairs aligned along the proximal to distal ends of the biceps, i.e. the longitudinal direction. On the other hand, the spatial coherence values for sensor pairs oriented perpendicular to the muscle fiber, i.e. along the transverse direction, were found to be significantly lower. This finding indicates that coherent S-MMGs were mainly propagating along the muscle fibers direction (longitudinal) of the biceps brachii within a frequency band varying between 10Hz to 50Hz. Additionally, the spatial coherence of S-MMGs along the longitudinal direction was found to decrease with increasing frequency and increasing sensor separation distance and to increase with contraction level varying between 20% to 60% of the maximum contraction level.

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Génadry, Walid François. "System identification of human ankle muscles activation dynamics." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65456.

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Skoss, Ann Rachel Locke. "Stabilisation of the human ankle joint in varying degrees of freedom : investigation of neuromuscular mechanisms." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2002. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0021.

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Previous research investigating the stability of the ankle joint complex may be categorised into two methodological groups, employing either an actuator to perturb the limb, or a form of standing balance disturbance such as a tilting platform, both of which test the joint in single degree of freedom (DOF). The aim of this thesis was to investigate how we control foot position and stabilise the joint when there is potential for movement in three DOF. A secondary aim of the thesis was to model the intrinsic mechanical properties of the ankle joint complex in three dimensions when coupled movement of the tibio-talar and talo-calcaneal joints are possible. This thesis details (i) the development of a perturbation rig that allows foot movement in single- or three-DOF with associated real-time visual target-matching software, and (ii) the use of the rig to investigate the stabilisation of the ankle joint complex in single- and three-DOF. The experimental procedure used a common task performed in three experimental conditions. Subjects were required to maintain a neutral foot position while developing varying levels of plantar-flexion torque. A perturbation was applied to the foot if subjects were within specified tolerance for both foot position and torque, represented by the visual display. Performance of the task in the first condition required the subject to only match torque as the foot position was fixed, with the perturbation being applied in dorsi-flexion (ie, single-DOF). The second experimental condition allowed the foot to move in the sagittal plane, hence subjects were required to control both torque and foot position in single-DOF, with perturbation applied in dorsi-flexion. The third condition enabled movement in dorsi/plantar-flexion, inversion/eversion and adduction/abduction (three-DOF) in both task and perturbation. Subjects were required to maintain the neutral foot position and the necessary torque level. There were three areas of interest common to each experimental protocol. The muscle strategy used to complete the task was investigated using a combination of surface and fine-wire electromyography on lower leg and thigh muscles. The 500ms period prior to perturbation was investigated to determine if synergies were evident between muscles such as medial and lateral gastrocnemius, soleus and peroneus longus. Two classes of activation strategies for the three-DOF condition emerged from the subject population: differential activation of the triceps surae group, and co-contraction. The former strategy may take advantage of the distinct morphology of the lateral gastrocnemius and peroneus longus muscles to best perform the position-matching component of the 3D task. The results suggest that the ankle joint is mostly stabilised in 3D by the intrinsic mechanical actions of the muscles producing plantar flexion moments. The muscles stabilised the foot in inversion, but not in eversion where there was very little motion. However, the different activation strategies employed may have varied efficacy in contributing to joint stability. This form of active stabilisation means that the previous literature focus on reflexes to stabilise the joint may need to be reassessed. Likewise, it may be appropriate to use the perturbation rig to quantify active ankle joint stability in order to assess the probability of ankle injury, rather than the current clinical measures employed. The reflexive response due to the perturbation was examined in the 200ms following perturbation. Variation in the modulation of monosynaptic reflexes was observed between subjects in various muscles in the higher DOF tasks. This is likely due to the differing activation strategies used to perform the task, and the variability in the kinematic response to perturbation. An attempt was made to calculate the intrinsic mechanical properties of the joint in 3-D using the kinematic and kinetic data during the first 15 ms period of perturbation. The system was modelled as a spring-damper using a constrained non-linear least squares, with stiffness and viscous terms for each axis, and inertial tensor elements as variables in the routine. The effect of increased muscle activation on the displacement of the foot about each of the anatomical axes was to significantly lower the movement of the sub-talar joint.

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Honeycutt, Claire Fletcher. "Mechanisms underlying muscle recruitment in response to postural perturbations." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28192.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: T. Richard Nichols; Committee Member: Lena Ting; Committee Member: Shawn Hochman; Committee Member: Thomas Burkholder; Committee Member: Timothy Cope.

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Arc-Chagnaud, Coralie. "Regulation of antioxidant defenses in the prevention of skeletal muscle deconditioning." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONT4005.

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Le système musculaire joue un rôle primordial dans l’homéostasie de l’organisme. Il est impliqué dans différentes fonctions indispensables aux activités de la vie quotidienne telles que la production de mouvement, la locomotion, le maintien postural et l’équilibre. La qualité du tissu musculaire est donc primordiale dans le maintien de la qualité de vie et, à long terme, à la longévité. L'hypoactivité et le vieillissement sont deux situations qui entraînent le déconditionnement musculaire, et qui partagent une caractéristique commune: une perte de force musculaire, une atrophie et la modification du typage musculaire, ainsi que l'accumulation de tissu adipeux intramusculaire. Aujourd'hui, il existe de nombreuses données dans la littérature indiquant un lien entre le stress oxydant et le déconditionnement musculaire. Le but de cette thèse était d'évaluer l'impact de la modulation des défenses antioxydantes sur la prévention du déconditionnement musculaire. Cela a été étudié sous deux angles, l'un dans le contexte du vieillissement, et le second dans un contexte d'hypoactivité. La première étude avait pour but d'évaluer la fragilité chez un modèle souris âgées, utilisant un groupe de souris WT et un groupe de souris transgéniques sur-exprimant l'enzyme G6PD. Nous avons évalué des paramètres de qualité musculaire et de stress oxydant et avons réalisé une analyse transcriptomique à partir d'échantillons musculaires des souris de chacun des deux groupes. La seconde étude a été conduite dans le but d'évaluer les effets d'un cocktail enrichi en composés anti-oxydants et anti-inflammatoires, durant deux mois d'hypoactivité (modèle Bedrest). Nos résultats ont démontré l’inefficacité de cette supplémentation sur la prévention de la perte de masse et de force musculaire. De plus, les données concernant les mécanismes moléculaires ont démontré une altération des processus de récupération chez les sujets supplémentés.Les conclusions de nos études donnent des pistes sur les stratégies anti-oxydantes les plus appropriées contre le déconditionnement musculaire. Il semble préférable de intéresser à la stimulation des systèmes de défenses endogènes, plutôt que de se centrer sur une supplémentation nutritionnelle exogène. Néanmoins, la complexité des voies de signalisation redox requièrent une meilleure compréhension pour optimiser les mesures de prévention afin de limiter la perte de fonction musculaire
Musculoskeletal system plays a key role in organism’s well-functioning and is responsible for a large variety of functions such as posture, locomotion, balance, and activities of daily life. The quality of the skeletal muscle is therefore capital to maintain quality of life and, in the long term, survival. Hypoactivity and aging are two situations that cause skeletal muscle deconditioning, therefore sharing common characteristics: loss of muscle strength, muscular atrophy and MyHC redistribution, as well as IMAT accumulation. To date, there is plenty of evidence supporting a causative link between oxidative stress phenomenon and muscle deconditioning.The general aim of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the impact of the modulation of the antioxidant defenses on the prevention of muscle deconditioning. It has been studied from two perspectives, the first one in the context of aging and the second in the context of hypoactivity.The first study aimed to evaluate frailty in old female animals, using WT and G6PD-overexpressing mice. We evaluated muscle quality parameters and oxidative stress markers. Finally, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of muscle samples and highlighted differentially expressed genes in both groups of mice.The second study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a cocktail enriched in antioxidant/anti-inflammatory molecules in a 2-month hypoactivity experiment (Bedrest model). Our results clearly demonstrate the ineffectiveness of this type of supplementation in the prevention of muscle mass and strength loss. Moreover, data regarding muscle molecular mechanisms highlight an alteration of recovery processes in the supplemented subjects.Finally, the conclusions of our two studies gave clues on the suitable antioxidant modulation strategy for the prevention of skeletal muscle deconditioning. It seems preferable to focus on the stimulation of endogenous defense system whether than towards exogenous supply of nutritional antioxidants. Nevertheless, the complexity of redox signaling requires better understanding to optimize countermeasures in muscle wasting situations

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Romaiguère, Patricia. "Propriétés biomécaniques et modalités d'activation volontaire et réflexe des unités motrices des muscles extenseurs du carpe chez l'homme." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11290.

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Les travaux presentes dans ce memoire nous ont permis d'etablir de facon approfondie les caracteristiques biomecaniques et les proprietes fonctionnelles des unites motrices des muscles extensor carpi radialis longus et extensor carpi radialis brevis au cours de contractions isometriques volontaires et reflexes. Sur la base de nos resultats, nous avons propose un schema d'organisation des contractions volontaires selon lequel les unites motrices lentes, qui sont recrutees les premieres au cours de contractions progressives, joueraient plutot, par leurs proprietes fonctionnelles, un role dans le maintien d'une tonicite musculaire de base, alors que les unites motrices rapides, recrutees plus tard et developpant des forces plus importantes, joueraient plutot un role dans la production et l'ajustement de la force de la contraction. Il nous semble que le meme type d'interpretation puisse egalement etre adopte dans le cas du reflexe tonique vibratoire. En effet, la composante monosynaptique de ce reflexe, par son action sur les unites motrices lentes, assurerait la mise en place d'une certaine tonicite musculaire de base, alors que sa composante polysynaptique, par son action plus exclusive sur les unites motrices rapides, jouerait plutot un role dans la production de la force de la contraction

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Niederländer, Nicolas. "Rôles de la titine et ENH4 dans la structure et la régulation du muscle strié." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20146.

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Doutreloux, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à l'étude du muscle : évolution de l'architecture du muscle penne au cours du développement post-embryonnaire : exemple des muscles crural et droit antérieur du lapin (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28192.

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Nous avons étudié l'évolution de l'architecture de deux muscles pennes de la cuisse de lapin durant la période de développement post-embryonnaire comprise entre la naissance et la maturité sexuelle a l'aide de quatre moyens d'investigations complémentaires : une analyse comportementale des animaux dans leur cadre de vie, la dissection de 96 membres inférieurs, la mesure des paramètres architecturaux et la réalisation de coupes histologiques. Les mesures biométriques sont toujours effectuées dans les mêmes conditions grâce a la mise au point d'une position musculaire de référence correspondant a la longueur minimale in situ du muscle au repos. Nous montrons que la morphologie des deux muscles étudiés ici ne subit pas de métamorphose, et que leur allongement qui se réalise à des vitesses différentes correspondant a des changements alimentaires et moteurs, est principalement le fait de l'hypertrophie des éléments tendineux qui semblent jouer un rôle complémentaire a celui de l'os, et terminer leur mission d'organisation et d'arrangement des fibres musculaires entre elles, débutée lors de la période embryonnaire. Nos résultats suggèrent également que le développement des différentes parties d'un même muscle se réalise à des vitesses différentes en raison de la variation régionale de l'angle de pennation des fibres musculaires
We have studied the architectural evolution of two rabbit pinnate muscles, between birth and sexual maturity, according to four different approches : the behavior of the animals in their life rearing context, the dissection of 96 hindlimbs, the measure of architectural parameters and the realisation of histological crosssections. The biometrics measures have benn always made in the same conditions thanks to the choice of a reference position corresponding to the minimal length of the resting muscle "in situ". The morphology of the two muscles doesn't undergo metamorphis ; their lengthening happens at different rates, corresponding to both alimentary and motricity changes. Lengthening is firstly the result of hypertrophy of tendinous sheets which seems to contribute to the bone action and to finish the muscle fibers organisation and arrangement iniciated during the embryonary period of development. We suggest that the different parts of a single muscle grow at different rates because of the regional variation of the angle of the muscular fibers

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10

Martin, Christine. "Etude in situ de l'action des hormones thyroi͏̈diennes sur la réponse contractile et le métabolisme énergétique de muscles lents et rapides chez le rat : investigation par spectroscopie de RMN du proton et du phosphore 31." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11310.

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L'action des hormones thyroidiennes sur la reponse contractile et le metabolisme energetique musculaire de muscles lents et rapides de rat a ete etudiee a l'aide de la spectroscopie de rmn du proton et du phosphore 31. Un protocole de stimulation in situ a une frequence de 5 hz des muscles gastrocnemius et soleus a ete utilise. La resistance a la fatigue du muscle gastrocnemius est notablement amelioree par le traitement hormonal (t3) alors que celle du muscle soleus n'est pas affectee. Par spectroscopie de rmn du #1h et du #3#1p, les concentrations intracellulaires des metabolites impliques dans le metabolisme energetique glycolytique, ainsi que celles de certains intermediaires du metabolisme des phospholipides, ont ete mesurees au repos et au cours d'une epreuve de fatigue. La comparaison entre rats eu- et hyperthyroidiens a mis en evidence une reduction de la participation de la glycolyse au metabolisme energetique du gastrocnemius, sous l'effet de t3. La tendance inverse a ete observee avec le soleus. Sous l'effet de t3, les muscles evoluent vers un type metabolique et contractile intermediaire (fog)

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Books on the topic "Muscles – Motility"

1

Russia) Institut teoreticheskoĭ i ėksperimentalʹnoĭ fiziki (Moscow. Biological motility: International symposium. Pushchino: Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, 2004.

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Gellman, Richard Evan. Muscle strain injury: An in vitro study of stretch rate dependence in elongation to failure. [New Haven: s.n.], 1991.

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H, Szurszewski J., ed. Cellular physiology and clinical studies of gastrointestinal smooth muscle: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Gastrointestinal Motility, 8-11 September 1985, Rochester, MN, U.S.A. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1987.

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Sugi, Haruo. Muscle Contraction and Cell Motility: Molecular and Cellular Aspects. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992.

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Chŏn, Chu-hyŏn. Hanʼguk muyong kwa balle ŭi haji kŭnyuk sayong pangbŏp e kwanhan pigyo yŏnʼgu. [S.l: s.n.], 1988.

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Helen, Davies, and Mein Joyce, eds. Diagnosis and management of ocular motility disorders. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2001.

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Pietro, Rosa, ed. De motu musculorum. Pisa: Fabrizio Serra, 2009.

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Edmund, Burke. Optimal Muscle Performance and Recovery. New York: Penguin USA, Inc., 2009.

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1957-, Speeg-Schatz Claude, ed. Eye muscle surgery: Basic data, operative techniques, surgical strategy. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, 2001.

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McCaslin, Devin L. Electronystagmography/videonystagmography. San Diego: Plural Pub., 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Muscles – Motility"

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Morano, Ingo. "Muscles and Motility." In Neurosciences - From Molecule to Behavior: a university textbook, 461–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10769-6_22.

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Squire, J. M. "The Structures of Striated and Smooth Muscles Related to Their Function." In Muscle Contraction and Cell Motility, 87–131. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76927-6_4.

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McNeer, Keith W., and Robert F. Spencer. "The Histopathology of Botulinum Toxin Injection into Extraocular Muscles." In Strabismus and Ocular Motility Disorders, 421–28. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11188-6_61.

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Stolovitch, C., P. Nemet, and M. Lazar. "Blowout Fractures Combined with Isolated Laceration of Rectus Muscles." In Strabismus and Ocular Motility Disorders, 521–25. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11188-6_77.

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Rassier, Dilson E., Anabelle S. Cornachione, Felipe S. Leite, Marta Nocella, Barbara Colombini, and Maria Angela Bagni. "Chapter 7 The Static Tension in Skeletal Muscles and Its Regulation by Titin." In Muscle Contraction and Cell Motility, 193–208. Penthouse Level, Suntec Tower 3, 8 Temasek Boulevard, Singapore 038988: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315364674-8.

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Brooks, Anne M. V., M. R. Rivers, N. T. Strang, and W. E. Gillies. "Defining the Limits of Safe Recession of the Horizontal Recti Muscles." In Strabismus and Ocular Motility Disorders, 355–59. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11188-6_49.

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Egbert, James E., Arthur L. Rosenbaum, Thomas M. Keogan, Noel C. Wheeler, Kurt A. Buzard, and Chao Wang. "A Method for Determining Intraoperative Length-Tension Curves of Human Extraocular Muscles." In Strabismus and Ocular Motility Disorders, 173–78. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11188-6_25.

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Grundy, David. "Gastrointestinal smooth muscle." In Gastrointestinal Motility, 1–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9355-2_1.

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Bagshaw, Clive R. "In vitro motility assays." In Muscle Contraction, 126–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6839-5_9.

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Albrecht-Buehler, Guenter. "Is Cytoplasm Intelligent Too?" In Cell and Muscle Motility, 1–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4723-2_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Muscles – Motility"

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Rajendran, Sunil Kumar, Qi Wei, and Feitian Zhang. "Foveation Control of a Robotic Eye Using Deep Reinforcement Learning." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9209.

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Deficit of the extraocular muscle is known as a key cause of ocular motility disorders that affect eye movement and complicate daily activities of millions of people in the US. A physical model mimicking the biomechanics of the oculomotor plant can improve the understanding of functionality and control of extraocular muscles and provide a tool for researchers to gain insights into binocular misalignment. This paper will present, for the first time, the design and development of a robotic eye system driven by antagonistic super coiled polymer (SCP) based artificial muscles and the motion control design by leveraging machine learning techniques. The dynamic model of the robotic eye will be presented. Deep reinforcement learning is used for control design of the robotic eye system, demonstrated by simulation of one-dimensional foveation control.

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Barbu, Roxana Mihaela, Georgiana Butura, Ioana Armasu, Bogdan Stana, Cristina Maria Gavrilescu, and Walther Bild. "Dose-Dependent Effect of Angiotensin II on Uterine Smooth Muscle Motility." In 2020 International Conference on e-Health and Bioengineering (EHB). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb50910.2020.9280157.

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Hardenburger, Jacob, Punit Prakash, Timothy R. Angeli, and Leo K. Cheng. "Microwave Ablation: A Potential Minimally Invasive Solution for Gastric Motility Disorders." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3293.

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Many gastric motility disorders, including gastroparesis, are caused by dysrhythmias occurring in the stomach musculature. Microwave ablation (MWA) offers potential as a minimally invasive endoscopic approach for targeted thermal destruction of the gastric musculature to disrupt irregular electrical rhythm within the stomach wall. An experimental study was conducted in a gel phantom to analyze the transient heating profile of a water-cooled 2.45 GHz MWA antenna enclosed within a PET balloon. Fiber-optic temperature sensors were used to collect temperature data at distances 1.5–7.5 mm from the balloon surface. Ablation profiles were also characterized in ex vivo porcine skeletal muscle. With 20 W applied power and cooling water temperature of 5 °C, temperature measured at 3.5 mm from the balloon surface exceeded the temperature at 1.5 mm from the balloon surface by 3 °C. In ex vivo tissue, for 40 W applied power, tissue within 2 mm of the balloon surface remained unablated. With adequate cooling and power, it may be feasible to thermally spare tissue within 2 mm of the MWA balloon applicator.

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Luo, Weibo, and Gregg L. Semenza. "Abstract 525: PHD3-mediated prolyl hydroxylation of non-muscle actin impairs polymerization and cell motility." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-525.

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Bowers, Robert R., Yefim Manevich, Danyelle M. Townsend, and Kenneth D. Tew. "Abstract 2077: Interactions between sulfiredoxin, S100A4 and non-muscle myosin IIA regulate cancer cell adhesion and motility." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-2077.

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de Jesus Perez, VA, T. Kleisli, T. Alastalo, H. Sawada, JD Axelrod, M. Amieva, and M. Rabinovitch. "Recruitment of Disheveled by Integrin Linked Kinase 1 Regulates Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Induced Pulmonary Smooth Muscle Cell Motility." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a2484.

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Selviana Joni, Maria, Paulus Liben, and Hermanto Tri Joewono. "The Effect of Mozart’s Music on Mus Musculus Balb/C Spermatozoa’s Quantity and Motility Exposed by Lead Acetate." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007335601980200.

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de Jesus Perez, vinicio, Ziad Ali, Tero-Pekka Alastalo, Hirofumi Sawada, Jeffrey Axelrod, Euan Ashley, and Marlene Rabinovitch. "Bone Morphogenetic Protein Promotes Motility And Represses Proliferation Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells By Tandem Recruitment Of Canonical And Non-canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a1179.

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Moreira, João Victor Aguiar, Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart, Diogo Fernandes dos Santos, Isabella Sabião Borges, Pedro Otávio Rego de Aguiar, Thaciany Soares Ferreira, Leonardo Peixoto Garcia, et al. "Bilateral diaphragmatic eventration and alveolar hypoventilation in congenital myotonic dystrophy." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.533.

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Context: Congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) is a subtype of type 1 myotonic dystrophy presented in the neonatal period associated with a 16–40% mortality rate. CMD cause significant morbidity and mortality and often require intensive intervention at birth because of hypotonia, respiratory failure and feeding difficulties. It can cause respiratory problems including ineffective cough, recurrent pulmonary infections, orthopnea, dyspnea, poor sleep, apnea and snoring. However, there are few descriptions about diaphragmatic impairment in CMD. We present a baby who had bilateral diaphragmatic eventration associated with CMD. Case report: A term outborn female baby with normal birth weight, delivered by cesarean presenting hypotonia and breathing difficulty since birth. There was no history of meconium aspiration syndrome and aspiration pneumonia. Neurological examination showed a severe hypotonia, eyelid ptosis, oral motor weakness and suction inability, without contractures. Chest X-rays confirmed the bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. Electroneuromyography confirmed a marked myopathic involvement with frequent myotonic discharges. The mother presented clinical and electrical myotonic phenomena. The baby started mechanical ventilation as was not maintaining saturation on head box oxygen. After surgical repair the baby started on non-invasive respiratory support with improvement of ventilatory conditions. Conclusion: Diaphragmatic eventration is a congenital condition where the muscle maintains its normal costal attachments but is significantly elevated with limited motility. Clinical manifestations vary to life-threatening respiratory distress. Bilateral congenital diaphragmatic eventration is rarer and has more guarded prognosis. Early diaphragmatic plication enhances weaning process and may prevent or minimize the morbidity. Infants with CMD should be monitored for diaphragmatic impairment.

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Reports on the topic "Muscles – Motility"

1

Dikova, Natalia N., Galya T. Stavreva, Natalia A. Prisadova, and Radomir G. Radomirov. Nonadrenergic Noncholinergic Ascending Reflex Motility of Colonic Longitudinal and Circular Muscles. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.04.16.

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