Journal articles: 'Muscles Magnetic resonance imaging'

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McIntosh, Laura M., Ross E. Baker, and Judy E. Anderson. "Magnetic resonance imaging of regenerating and dystrophic mouse muscle." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 76, no. 2-3 (May 1, 1998): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o98-033.

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Magnetic resonance imaging allows serial visualization of living muscle. Clinically magnetic resonance imaging would be the first step in selecting a region of interest for assessment of muscle disease state and treatment effects by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging was used to follow dystrophy and regeneration in the mdx mouse, a genetic homologue to human Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It was hypothesized that images would distinguish normal control from mdx muscle and that regenerating areas (spontaneous and after an imposed injury) would be evident and evolve over time. T2-weighted images of hind-limb muscles were obtained on anaesthetized mice in a horizontal bore 7.1-T experimental magnet. Magnetic resonance images of mdx muscle appeared heterogeneous in comparison to homogeneous images of control muscle. Foci of high intensity in mdx images corresponded to dystrophic lesions observed in the histologic sections of the same muscles. In addition, it was possible to follow chronologically the extent of injury and repair after an imposed crush injury to mdx muscle. These results should make it possible to obtain meaningful magnetic resonance spectra from particular regions of interest in muscle as viewed in magnetic resonance images (i.e., regenerating, degenerating, normal muscle) acquired during neuromuscular diseases and treatment regimens.Key words: MRI, MRS, spectroscopy, muscular dystrophy, muscle regeneration, mdx mouse.

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Farrugia, M. E., G. M. Bydder, J. M. Francis, and M. D. Robson. "Magnetic resonance imaging of facial muscles." Clinical Radiology 62, no. 11 (November 2007): 1078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2007.05.003.

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Inoue, Y., T. Higashide, K. Yoshikawa, and T. Inoue. "Sagittal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathy." European Journal of Ophthalmology 3, no. 1 (January 1993): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067219300300106.

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Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the eye and orbit were made of 30 eyes in 15 cases of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy (DO). On the basis of these scans, we sought to elucidate relationships between the morphological condition of the levator palpebrae muscle, fatty tissue in the upper eyelid and the superior, inferior recti muscles and the occurrence of such symptoms as lid retraction, lid swelling and vertical disturbance of eye movement. The levator palpebrae muscle was enlarged in all 15 DO eyes (100%) with upper eyelid retraction. In 16 (88.9%) of 18 eyes with apparent lid swelling, enlargement of the preaponeurotic fat or submuscular fat pad was clearly evident. In the control eyes, no such enlargement was seen in either the levator palpebrae muscle or orbital fatty tissue. The clear space between the superior recti and the levator palpebrae muscles that was seen in control eyes was absent in all five eyes that presented a disturbance in infraduction. In 8 (80%) of 10 eyes with a disturbance in supraduction, the inferior rectus muscle was enlarged and muscle extension was impaired. Sagittal MRI seemed to be a useful means of obtaining a better clinical understanding of a variety of eye symptoms associated with DO.

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YOSHIOKA, HIROSHI, and YUJI ITAI. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Isolated Skeletal Muscles." Investigative Radiology 31, no. 6 (June 1996): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004424-199606000-00008.

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Demer, Joseph L., Reika Kono, and Weldon Wright. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Extraocular Muscles in Convergence." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 2072–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00636.2002.

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Extraocular muscle (EOM) paths during asymmetrical convergence were evaluated by tri-planar, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits of eight young adults during binocular fixation of a target aligned to one eye at 800 and 15 cm distance. Cross sections and paths of EOMs were determined from area centroids. In convergence, the aligned eye rotated and translated negligibly, while its inferior oblique (IO) muscle exhibited significant contractile thickening. There were no significant contractile changes in the cross sections of aligned eye rectus or superior oblique (SO) muscles in convergence. The converging eye rotated nasally 22.4° but translated negligibly. The converging eye medial (MR) and lateral rectus (LR) muscles exhibited large contractile cross-section changes, and the IO showed significant contractile thickening, while the vertical rectus muscles and the SO did not. Anterior paths of three aligned eye rectus EOMs could be determined in convergence and shifted consistent with a 1.9° extorsion of the rectus pulley array. Such extorsional reconfiguration of the rectus pulleys would move the pulleys in coordination with globe extorsion and avoid imparting torsional action to these EOMs. Extorsional rectus pulley shift in convergence is inconsistent with the reconfiguration predicted to explain the temporal tilting of Listing's planes, instead suggesting that this temporal tilting is due to variations in oblique EOM innervation. Absence of globe translation in convergence argues against overall EOM co-contraction. The reconfiguration of EOM geometry in convergence has important implications for single-unit studies of neural control.

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Saint-Victor, S., E. Barbarite, C. Sidani, R. Bhatia, and D. E. Rosow. "Volumetric analysis of vocal fold atrophy via magnetic resonance imaging." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 132, no. 9 (September 2018): 822–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215118001573.

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AbstractObjectiveTo quantitatively test the hypothesis that older patients have increased thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy by comparing thyroarytenoid muscle volumes across different age groups.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted. The study included 111 patients with no history of laryngeal pathology. Two investigators reviewed magnetic resonance imaging studies of these patients and manually traced the thyroarytenoid muscles on multiple slices bilaterally. Thyroarytenoid muscle volumes were then computed using imaging analysis software. Patients were stratified into three age groups (18–50 years, 51–64 years, and 65 years or older) for comparison.ResultsIntra- and inter-rater reliabilities were excellent for all measurements (intraclass correlation co-efficient > 0.90). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean volumes of left and right thyroarytenoid muscles in all age and gender groups.ConclusionGiven the lack of statistically significant difference in thyroarytenoid muscle volume between age groups on magnetic resonance imaging, the prevailing assumption that age-related thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy contributes to presbyphonia should be re-examined.

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Xing, Fangxu, Maureen Stone, Tessa Goldsmith, Jerry L. Prince, Georges El Fakhri, and Jonghye Woo. "Atlas-Based Tongue Muscle Correlation Analysis From Tagged and High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 2258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-18-0495.

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Purpose Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles in healthy and diseased populations vary both in their intra- and intersubject behaviors during speech. Identifying coordination patterns among various tongue muscles can provide insights into speech motor control and help in developing new therapeutic and rehabilitative strategies. Method We present a method to analyze multisubject tongue muscle correlation using motion patterns in speech sound production. Motion of muscles is captured using tagged magnetic resonance imaging and computed using a phase-based deformation extraction algorithm. After being assembled in a common atlas space, motions from multiple subjects are extracted at each individual muscle location based on a manually labeled mask using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and a vocal tract atlas. Motion correlation between each muscle pair is computed within each labeled region. The analysis is performed on a population of 16 control subjects and 3 post–partial glossectomy patients. Results The floor-of-mouth (FOM) muscles show reduced correlation comparing to the internal tongue muscles. Patients present a higher amount of overall correlation between all muscles and exercise en bloc movements. Conclusions Correlation matrices in the atlas space show the coordination of tongue muscles in speech sound production. The FOM muscles are weakly correlated with the internal tongue muscles. Patients tend to use FOM muscles more than controls to compensate for their postsurgery function loss.

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Pirimoglu, Berhan, Hayri Ogul, Abdullah Kisaoglu, Leyla Karaca, Aylin Okur, and Mecit Kantarci. "Multiple Muscle Metastases of the Renal Cell Carcinoma After Radical Nephrectomy." International Surgery 100, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-13-00197.1.

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Skeletal muscle is a very rare location for the metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. We report a 48-year-old man with multiple metastases in skeletal muscles 4 years after right radical nephrectomy was carried out for grade III renal cell carcinoma. The tumors located in the right psoas, paravertebral, and gluteus medius muscles. We performed magnetic resonance imaging for detection metastatic lesions in our patient. In this case report, we discuss the characteristics of these metastatic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging.

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Albano, Domenico, Salvatore Gitto, Jacopo Vitale, Susan Bernareggi, Sveva Lamorte, Alberto Aliprandi, Luca Maria Sconfienza, and Carmelo Messina. "Knee Muscles Composition Using Electrical Impedance Myography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Diagnostics 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092217.

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We evaluated the correlation of electrical impedance myography (EIM) measurements of knee muscles composition using Skulpt ChiselTM with MRI data retrieved from muscles segmentation. A total of 140 patients (71 females, 52 ± 21 years) underwent knee MRI, EIM with Skulpt®, and clinical evaluation (SARC-F questionnaire). MRIs were reviewed to assess the cross-sectional area (CSA) and skeletal muscle index (SMI = CSA/height2) of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps, semimembranosus, and sartorius. We tested the correlations of EIM-derived parameters [body fat-percentage (BF%) and muscle quality] with total CSA, CSA of each muscle, SMI, and SARC-F scores (0–10) using Pearson correlation coefficient. We found medium negative correlation of BF% with SMI (r = −0.430, p < 0.001) and total CSA (r = −0.445, p < 0.001), particularly with biceps (r = −0.479, p < 0.001), sartorius (r = −0.440, p < 0.001), and semimembranosus (r = −0.357, p < 0.001). EIM-derived muscle quality showed small-to-medium positive correlation with MRI measurements, ranging from r = 0.234 of biceps (p = 0.006) to r = 0.302 of total CSA (p < 0.001), except for vastus lateralis (r = 0.014, p = 0.873). SARC-F scores showed small correlations with EIM and MRI data, ranging from r = −0.132 (p = 0.121) with EIM muscle quality to r = −0.288 (p = 0.001) with CSA of vastus medialis. Hence, we observed small-to-medium correlations of muscle parameters derived from Skulpt ChiselTM with SARC-F scores and MRI parameters. We recommend using Skulpt ChiselTM with caution for assessing knee skeletal muscles composition.

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H.V. Palahuta and O.Ye. Fartushna. "The role of magnetic resonance imaging of muscles in the differential diagnosis of certain forms and subtypes of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: case analysis." INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL 16, no. 8 (March 10, 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0713.16.8.2020.221960.

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Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by slowly progressing muscle weakness and presents a diagnostic problem in the neurological practice. The combination of clinical, radiological, and laboratory methods of examination plays an important role in referring the patient to genetic counseling and making the correct diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of muscles is increasingly used to give clues in the primary muscle damage diagnosis, based on specific patterns of muscle lesion. The article provides two clinical cases as an example of an integrated approach to the diagnosis of progressive muscular dystrophy using genetic analysis and magnetic resonance imaging of muscles

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Castillo, J., J. M. Pumar, J. R. Rodríguez, J. M. Prieto, L. Arrojo, F. Martínez, and M. Noya. "Magnetic resonance imaging of muscles in myotonic dystrophy." European Journal of Radiology 17, no. 3 (November 1993): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0720-048x(93)90091-z.

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Schotland, H. M., E. K. Insko, K. A. Panckeri, J. S. Leigh, A. I. Pack, and J. C. Hendricks. "Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of upper airways musculature in an animal model of sleep apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 1339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.3.1339.

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Electromyographic studies of patients with sleep apnea and of the English bulldog, an animal model of sleep apnea, indicate that there is increase activity of the airways dilator muscles. The muscles, when biopsied, show both adaptation and muscle injury. In this study we have utilized quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to characterize changes in the upper airway musculature of the bulldog in vivo. The imaging procedure utilized provided a quantitative measurement of the T2 relaxation times of airway muscle (geniohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyropharyngeus, and hyopharyngeus) and nonairway muscles spatially localized to submillimeter-resolution levels. Quantitative differences between the medians and distributions of T2 relaxation times of airway vs. nonairway muscles were demonstrated. These differences were related to the degree of sleep-disordered breathing. The changes observed are compatible with the hypothesis that there is both increased edema and fibrosis in upper airway muscle in sleep apnea.

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Kislinger, Benedikt, Riham Dessouky, Avneesh Chhabra, and Gustav Andreisek. "MRI of the Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 21, no. 04 (August 3, 2017): 392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604006.

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AbstractThis review article reviews muscle function and anatomy, describes normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging anatomy, and shows a spectrum of abnormal imaging findings. It covers the lumbrical, interosseous, and thenar and hypothenar muscles. The described spectrum of abnormalities includes anatomical variants, exercise-induced MR signal changes, denervation syndromes, and myositis, as well as tumors. Advanced imaging techniques are discussed at the end to provide a look at future hand muscle imaging.

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Mokrusch, Т. "Magnetic resonance imaging in skeletal muscle following denervation and electrical stimulation." Neurology Bulletin XXVIII, no. 1-2 (May 22, 1996): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb79384.

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Following chronic denervation, MRI evaluation of fast rabbit muscles revealed a distinct increase of signal intensity and T2 relaxation time. These changes were missing or less pronounced after treatment with a new type of electrical stimulation, which previously had proved effective in avoiding muscle atrophy. One month after denervation, there was a slight increase of signal intensity as well in the stimulated as in the untreated animals, after two months, however, the increase was statistically significant only in the non-stimulated muscles. T2 relaxation time showed a slight increase after one month of therapy, while there was a significant increase after one and two months without therapy. After 36 months of electrical stimulation, there was no increase of T2 at all. The results indicate 1), that MRI can be used when monitoring stimulation effects on denervated muscle, and 2), that, for this purpose, T2 relaxation time is more useful than signal intensity.

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Rana, Khizar, Valerie Juniat, Aaron Rayan, Sandy Patel, and Dinesh Selva. "Normative measurements of the superior oblique and inferior oblique muscles by magnetic resonance imaging." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 44, no. 4 (March 8, 2022): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-022-02915-w.

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Abstract Purpose Normative oblique muscle data may help to diagnose pathological enlargement of the oblique muscles. We aim to describe the normative values of the superior and inferior oblique muscles in an Australian cohort on T1-weighted MRI and fat suppressed contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent 3 T orbital MRI. The healthy orbits were used to conduct measurements in patients with a unilateral orbital lesion. The maximum diameters of the superior and inferior oblique muscles were measured on coronal planes. The diameter was measured perpendicular to the long axis of the muscles. Results The normal measurements (mean ± SD) on fat suppressed contrast enhanced T1-weighted MRI: superior oblique, 3.0 ± 0.5 mm and inferior oblique, 2.7 ± 0.5 mm. On T1-weighted MRI: superior oblique, 2.8 ± 0.5 mm and inferior oblique, 2.5 ± 0.4 mm. In patients who had both sequences performed, the superior and inferior oblique diameters were significantly higher on the fat suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI than the T1-weighted MRI sequence (p < 0.01). Conclusion Oblique muscle enlargement may be seen in a range of orbital diseases. These data may help in diagnosing oblique muscle enlargement. In addition, variations in the measured muscle diameters can be seen according to the scan sequence that is used.

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Baz, R., and Cristina-Mădălina Deacu. "Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of perianal fistulas." ARS Medica Tomitana 22, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsm-2016-0020.

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Abstract MRI has become the method of choice for evaluating perianal fistulae due to its ability to display the anatomy of the sphincter muscles orthogonally, with good contrast resolution. In this article we give an outline of the classification of perianal fistulae and present a pictorial assay of sphincter anatomy and the MRI findings in perianal fistulae. This study is based on a retrospective analysis of 21 patients with a clinical diagnosis of perianal fistula.

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Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., A. Bueno, J. Ferrando, JM Elliott, ML Cuadrado, and JA Pareja. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of The Morphometry of Cervical Extensor Muscles in Chronic Tension-Type Headache." Cephalalgia 27, no. 4 (April 2007): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01293.x.

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This study analyses the differences in the relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) of several cervical extensor muscles, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), between patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) and healthy controls. MRI of the cervical spine was performed on 15 CTTH females and 15 matched controls. The rCSA values for the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmin), rectus capitis posterior major (RCPmaj), semispinalis capitis and splenius capitis muscles were measured from axial T1-weighted images using axial MR slices aligned parallel to the C2/3 intervertebral disc. A headache diary was kept for 4 weeks in order to substantiate the diagnosis and record the pain history. CTTH patients showed reduced rCSA for both RCPmin and RCPmaj muscles ( P < 0.01), but not for semispinalis and splenius capitis muscles, compared with controls. Headache intensity, duration or frequency and rCSA in both RCPmin and RCPmaj muscles were negatively correlated ( P < 0.05): the greater the headache intensity, duration or frequency, the smaller the rCSA in the RCPmin and RCPmaj muscles. CTTH patients demonstrate muscle atrophy of the rectus capitis posterior muscles. Whether this selective muscle atrophy is a primary or secondary phenomenon remains unclear. In any case, muscle atrophy could possibly account for a reduction of proprioceptive output from these muscles, and thus contribute to the perpetuation of pain.

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Gooding, Thomas M., Mark A. Feger, Joseph M. Hart, and Jay Hertel. "Intrinsic Foot Muscle Activation During Specific Exercises: A T2 Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.10.07.

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Context: The intrinsic foot muscles maintain the medial longitudinal arch and aid in force distribution and postural control during gait. Impaired intrinsic foot-muscle function has been linked to various foot conditions. Several rehabilitative exercises have been proposed to improve it; however, literature that identifies which individual muscles are activated during specific intrinsic foot-muscle exercises is lacking. Objective: To describe changes in activation of the intrinsic plantar foot muscles after 4 exercises as measured with T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eight healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate cross-country and track athletes (5 men and 3 women: age = 20 ± 0.93 years, height = 180.98 ± 10.84 cm, mass = 70.91 ± 7.82 kg). Intervention(s): Participants underwent T2 MRI before and after each exercise. They completed 1 set of 40 repetitions of each exercise (short-foot exercise, toes spread out, first-toe extension, second- to fifth-toes extension). Main Outcome Measure(s): Percentage increases in muscle activation of the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi, adductor hallucis oblique, flexor hallucis brevis, and interossei and lumbricals (analyzed together) after each exercise were assessed using T2 MRI. Results: All muscles showed increased activation after all exercises. The mean percentage increase in activation ranged from 16.7% to 34.9% for the short-foot exercise, 17.3% to 35.2% for toes spread out, 13.1% to 18.1% for first-toe extension, and 8.9% to 22.5% for second- to fifth-toes extension. All increases in activation had associated 95% confidence intervals that did not cross zero. Conclusions: Each of the 4 exercises was associated with increased activation in all of the plantar intrinsic foot muscles evaluated. These results may have clinical implications for the prescription of specific exercises to target individual intrinsic foot muscles.

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Takeda, Yoshitsugu, Shinji Kashiwaguchi, Kenji Endo, Tetsuya Matsuura, and Takahiro Sasa. "The Most Effective Exercise for Strengthening the Supraspinatus Muscle." American Journal of Sports Medicine 30, no. 3 (May 2002): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300031201.

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Background Electromyography has been used to determine the best exercise for strengthening the supraspinatus muscle, but conflicting results have been reported. Magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation time appears to be more accurate in determining muscle activation. Purpose To determine the best exercises for strengthening the supraspinatus muscle. Study Design Criterion standard. Methods Six male volunteers performed three exercises: the empty can, the full can, and horizontal abduction. Immediately before and after each exercise, magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed and changes in relaxation time for the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and deltoid muscles were recorded. Results The supraspinatus muscle had the greatest change among the studied muscles in relaxation time for the empty can (10.5 ms) and full can (10.5 ms) exercises. After the horizontal abduction exercise the change in relaxation time for the supraspinatus muscle (3.6 ms) was significantly smaller than that for the posterior deltoid muscle (11.5 ms) and not significantly different from that of the other muscles studied. Conclusion The empty can and full can exercises were most effective in activating the supraspinatus muscle.

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Fujitake, Junko, Yasuhiro Ishikawa, Hayato Fujii, Kazumasa Nishimura, Katsumi Hayakawa, and Yoshihisa Tatsuoka. "Magnetic resonance imaging of skeletal muscles in the polymyositis." Muscle & Nerve 20, no. 11 (November 1997): 1463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199711)20:11<1463::aid-mus18>3.0.co;2-2.

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Naqvi, Asad, Timothy Ariyanayagam, Mir Akber Ali, Akhila Rachakonda, and Hema N. Choudur. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pseudo-impingement of Rotator Cuff with Strength Training." Indian Journal of Musculoskeletal Radiology 1 (August 18, 2019): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijmsr_21_2019.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to outline a novel unique concept of secondary impingement of the muscles, myotendons, and tendons of the rotator cuff from hypertrophy as a result of strength training exercises. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, 58 patients were referred for an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by the orthopedic surgeon to the radiology department over a period of 1½ years. All patients gave a history of strength training exercises and presented with clinical features of rotator cuff impingement. Results: We identified features of hypertrophy of rotator cuff muscles, myotendons, and tendons in 12 of these 58 patients. This was the only abnormality on MRI. The hypertrophy of rotator cuff muscles and tendon bulk completely filling the subacromial space to the point of overfilling and resulting in secondary compressive features. Conclusion: Rotator cuff impingement is a common phenomenon that can occur with various inlet and outlet pathological conditions. However, rotator cuff impingement may also result from muscle and tendon hypertrophy from strength training regimens. Hypertrophy of the rotator cuff can result in overfilling of the subacromial space, leading to secondary impingement, which we have termed as “pseudo-impingement.”

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Zhang, Jeff L., Gwenael Layec, Christopher Hanrahan, Christopher C. Conlin, Corey Hart, Nan Hu, Lillian Khor, Michelle Mueller, and Vivian S. Lee. "Exercise-induced calf muscle hyperemia: quantitative mapping with low-dose dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 316, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): H201—H211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00537.2018.

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) in the lower extremities often leads to intermittent claudication. In the present study, we proposed a low-dose DCE MRI protocol for quantifying calf muscle perfusion stimulated with plantar flexion and multiple new metrics for interpreting perfusion maps, including the ratio of gastrocnemius over soleus perfusion (G/S; for assessing the vascular redistribution between the two muscles) and muscle perfusion normalized by whole body perfusion (for quantifying the muscle’s active hyperemia). Twenty-eight human subjects participated in this Institutional Review Board-approved study, with 10 healthy subjects ( group A) for assessing interday reproducibility and 8 healthy subjects ( group B) for exploring the relationship between plantar-flexion load and induced muscle perfusion. In a pilot group of five elderly healthy subjects and five patients with PAD ( group C), we proposed a protocol that measured perfusion for a low-intensity exercise and for an exhaustion exercise in a single MRI session. In group A, perfusion estimates for calf muscles were highly reproducible, with correlation coefficients of 0.90–0.93. In group B, gastrocnemius perfusion increased linearly with the exercise workload ( P < 0.05). With the low-intensity exercise, patients with PAD in group C showed substantially lower gastrocnemius perfusion compared with elderly healthy subjects [43.4 (SD 23.5) vs. 106.7 (SD 73.2) ml·min−1·100 g−1]. With exhaustion exercise, G/S [1.0 (SD 0.4)] for patients with PAD was lower than both its low-intensity level [1.9 (SD 1.3)] and the level in elderly healthy subjects [2.7 (SD 2.1)]. In conclusion, the proposed MRI protocol and the new metrics are feasible for quantifying exercise-induced muscle hyperemia, a promising functional test of PAD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To quantitatively map exercise-induced hyperemia in calf muscles, we proposed a high-resolution MRI method shown to be highly reproducible and sensitive to exercise load. With the use of low contrast, it is feasible to measure calf muscle hyperemia for both low-intensity and exhaustion exercises in a single MRI session. The newly proposed metrics for interpreting perfusion maps are promising for quantifying intermuscle vascular redistribution or a muscle’s active hyperemia.

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Ai, Zhengguo, Na Li, Jing An, and Lei Zhang. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Fatigue Injury during Exercise." Scanning 2022 (June 16, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9971966.

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In order to investigate the changes of temporal function metabolism of lumbar and back muscles after exercise, a magnetic resonance imaging- (MRI-) based assessment of fatigue injury during exercise was proposed. A total of 100 healthy adult volunteers were selected, including 48 males and 52 females, aged from 19 to 30 years, with an average age of 24.8 + 2.3 years. They were divided into four groups according to the different time points of 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes after exercise, with 25 persons in each group. PHILIPS Achieva 3.0 T Tx MRI scanner was used to perform BOLD and T2-mapping before and after exercise in four groups of healthy volunteers. All data were analyzed by statistical software. The results showed that the total CSA of the dorsi extensor muscle group and the CSA value of the dorsi extensor muscle group at different levels at different time points before and after exercise increased slowly in exercise period and decreased rapidly in recovery period. It was verified that BOLD MRI and T2-mapping imaging can indirectly evaluate the trend of CSA water metabolism and blood oxygen level in healthy adults after exercise.

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Mastryukova, Valeria, Dirk Arnold, Daniel Güllmar, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, and Gerd Fabian Volk. "Can MRI quantify the volume changes of denervated facial muscles?" European Journal of Translational Myology 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2019.8918.

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Could manual segmentation of magnetic resonance images be used to quantify the effects of transcutaneous electrostimulation and reinnervation of denervated facial muscle? Five patients with unilateral facial paralysis were scanned during the study while receiving a daily surface electrostimulation of the paralytic cheek region, but also after reinnervation. Their facial muscles were identified in 3D (coronal, sagittal, and axial) and segmented in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for in total 28 time points over the 12 months of study. A non-significant trend of increasing muscle volume were detected after reinnervation. MRI is a valuable technique in the facial paralysis research.

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Bhoi, Sanjeev Kumar, Suprava Naik, Menka Jha, Biswamohan Mishra, and Nikhilesh Pradhan. "Skeletal Muscle Involvement in Wilson Disease: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Observations in 2 Families." Journal of Child Neurology 36, no. 2 (September 4, 2020): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073820953305.

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Objective: Skeletal muscle involvement in Wilson disease is rare. Calf muscle pain might be attributed as growing pain in children. We report calf muscle involvement in Wilson disease and describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of leg, differential diagnosis with literature review. Patients and Methods: Our observations describe calf muscle MRI abnormality in 5 cases of Wilson disease from 2 families. The clinical presentations were neurologic in 3, hepatic in 1, and asymptomatic in 1 patient. We systematically describe the clinical characteristics and their calf muscle MRI findings. Results: Three patients had bilateral calf pain and intermittent cramps. The pain was of mild to moderate intensity and managed symptomatically. Serum alkaline phosphatase, creatinine phosphokinase, and needle electromyography were normal. Turbo inversion recovery magnitude sequence MRI of calf muscle revealed hyperintensity in bilateral gastrocnemii muscles. These muscles appear hyperintense in diffusion-weighted imaging. Conclusion: The calf muscle involvement could be attributed to muscle edema due to copper-induced muscle toxicity mediated by inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase on cellular membranes of fast-twitch gastrocnemii muscles which contain predominant type II myofiber. In Wilson disease patients with calf pain or cramps, muscle MRI may show nonspecific gastrocnemius hyperintensity. Further evaluation may give insight into its pathophysiology.

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Zhou, Qing-Qing, Qian-Qian Hu, Xianfeng Yang, Yu-Chen Chen, Yu-Sheng Yu, Jue Zhang, Qinghong Ma, et al. "Semi-automatic 3-D Reconstruction Measurement of Muscle Volume with Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Global Clinical Engineering Journal 2, no. 3 (May 11, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31354/globalce.v2i3.90.

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Background and Objective: We aimed to assess and verify the measurement accuracy and feasibility of semi-automatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volume of interest (VOI) method by comparing its measurements with actual skeletal muscle volumes and discuss the clinical significance. Material and Methods: A total of 18 muscles from 2 pigs were measured by drainage method, VOI method (VVOI), the summation method (Vsum), and maximum section method (Vmax) respectively after MRI scanning. All measurements were performed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists and repeated at 6 different times, recording the consuming time (minutes) of every muscle. The average result of the 2 radiologists was adopted. Results: The 3-D structure of the skeletal muscles was distinct and vivid. A Friedman test and the inter-class correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated the VOI method had a high intra- and inter-reliability. The root mean square error (RMSE) over 6 time-points was 1.101 mL. A Bland-Altman plot represented a superior consistency. Pairwise Mann–Whitney U testing demonstrated that the consuming time to measure each muscle by VOI method was short. Conclusions: The VOI method could semi-automatically display the 3-D reconstruct of the skeletal muscle clearly, conveniently, with a great accuracy, and high repeatability.

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Hardy, Peter A., and Guang Yue. "Measurement of magnetic resonance T2 for physiological experiments." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.3.904.

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Hardy, Peter A., and Guang Yue. Measurement of magnetic resonance T2 for physiological experiments. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 904–911, 1997.—The proton transverse relaxation time (T2) of human skeletal muscles has been increasingly used in magnetic resonance imaging experiments to examine muscle physiology and neuromuscular control. However, little attention has been paid to the experimental factors affecting the accuracy or sensitivity of the T2 measurement. We have explored theoretically and experimentally the structure of several magnetic resonance pulse sequences for measuring T2 of the first dorsal interosseous muscle and found that a multiecho imaging technique using non-slice-selective refocusing pulses (MENSS) produces more accurate T2 estimates than multiecho slice-selective (MESS) imaging methods that are commonly used. Using either technique we acquired four 5-mm-thick transverse images of the first dorsal interosseous muscle with a spatial resolution of 0.6 mm within 5 min. The T2 measured by the MENSS method was closer to the true T2 than was the T2 estimated by the MESS method. After a given amount of exercise, the MENSS technique revealed an average 28 ± 10% increase in T2 compared with a 13 ± 3% increase measured with an equivalent MESS technique. We conclude that the MENSS method is a more accurate and sensitive procedure for studying neuromuscular physiology compared with the more commonly used MESS method.

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Ng, HP, KWC Foong, SH Ong, PS Goh, S. Huang, J. Liu, and WL Nowinski. "Quantitative analysis of human masticatory muscles using magnetic resonance imaging." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 38, no. 4 (May 2009): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr/75198413.

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Hernandez, Ramiro J., David R. Keim, Donita B. Sullivan, Thomas L. Chenevert, and William Martel. "Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the muscles in childhood dermatomyositis." Journal of Pediatrics 117, no. 4 (October 1990): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80686-9.

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Schoeff, Kirsta, Zia Chaudhuri, and Joseph L. Demer. "Functional magnetic resonance imaging of horizontal rectus muscles in esotropia." Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 17, no. 1 (February 2013): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2012.09.016.

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Russell, J. Matthew, Mark J. Kransdorf, Laura W. Bancroft, Jeffrey J. Peterson, Thomas H. Berquist, and Mellena D. Bridges. "Magnetic resonance imaging of the sacral plexus and piriformis muscles." Skeletal Radiology 37, no. 8 (August 2008): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-008-0486-8.

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Khitri, Monica R., and Joseph L. Demer. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tissues Compatible with Supernumerary Extraocular Muscles." American Journal of Ophthalmology 150, no. 6 (December 2010): 925–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2010.06.007.

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Edwards, Gray AD, Philip A. McCann, Michael R. Whitehouse, Charles J. Wakeley, and Partha P. Sarangi. "The influence of fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy of the rotator cuff muscles on midterm functional outcomes in total shoulder resurfacing at six years’ follow-up." Shoulder & Elbow 12, no. 2 (November 14, 2018): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573218811655.

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Background We report functional outcomes at six years in patients with varying degrees of fatty infiltration and atrophy of the rotator cuff muscles who have undergone anatomic total shoulder replacement. Methods A retrospective analysis of case notes and magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients undergoing total shoulder replacement for primary glenohumeral arthritis was performed. Patients were grouped based upon their pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging findings for fatty infiltration, muscle area and tendinopathy. Post-operative functional outcomes were assessed using the Oxford Shoulder Score and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score. Post-operative measurements were made for active shoulder movements. Results Thirty-two patients were reviewed at a mean of 67 months following surgery. All patients demonstrated fatty infiltration on their pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging scan. Muscle atrophy was shown in 22 patients and 12 had tendinopathy. Multiple regression analysis showed no correlation between the Oxford Shoulder Score (p = 0.443), the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (p = 0.419), forward flexion (p = 0.170), external rotation (p = 0.755) and any of the pre-operative independent variables. Discussion The degree of fatty infiltration, muscle atrophy and tendinopathy of the rotator cuff muscle on pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging scanning is not associated with functional outcome score or functional movement at medium-term follow-up following total shoulder replacement. Level of evidence IV

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van Spronsen, P. H., W. A. Weijs, J. Valk, B. Prahl-Andersen, and F. C. van Ginkel. "Comparison of Jaw-muscle Bite-force Cross-sections Obtained by Means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and High-resolution CT Scanning." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 12 (December 1989): 1765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680120901.

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Cross-sectional areas of the jaw muscles were determined by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 12 healthy adult male subjects. These findings were compared with the cross-sectional areas of the jaw muscles of the same subjects, obtained by means of computer tomography (CT) in a previous study (Weijs and Hillen, 1985). Significant correlations (r>0.7) were found between the CT and MRI cross-sections of the masseter, medial pterygoid, and temporalis muscles. The low correlation between the CT and MRI cross-sections of the lateral pterygoid muscle could be explained by the different imaging techniques (slice thickness) of MRI and CT scanning. CT and MRI cross-sectional areas of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscle (but not the temporalis muscle) showed highly positive and significant correlations with the maximal voluntary bite force. In living subjects, the cross-sections of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles can be visualized with CT and MRI. Compared with CT, MRI has some advantages, such as the absence of adverse effects (no radiation) and the excellent soft-tissue imaging. Furthermore, a series of frontal, horizontal, sagittal, and angulated MRI scans can be made without modification of the patient's position, facilitating reconstruction of the jaw muscles.

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Coté, Chantal, Bassem Hiba, Luc J. Hebert, Christophe Vial, Jean François Remec, Marc Janier, and Jack Puymirat. "MRI of Tibialis Anterior Skeletal Muscle in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100011148.

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Abstract:Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used as a noninvasive approach to assessment of disease severity and muscle damage in Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1).Methods:The MRI findings in legs of 41 patients with DM1 were evaluated with respect to the tibialis anterior (TA) skeletal muscle impairment. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were compared with TA strength measurements obtained by quantitative manual testing, duration of the disease and with the length of the CTG repeats.Results:Muscle MRI abnormalities were observed in 80% of DM1 patients, ranging from edema-like abnormalities alone to severe atrophy / fatty replacement. Edema-like abnormalities seem to be an earlier MRI marker of the disease. Fatty infiltration/atrophy correlated with the TA muscle force (r = 0.95), the severity (P = 0.00001) of the disease but not with the duration of the disease (P = 0.3) or the length of the CTG repeats (P > 0.10), measured in peripheral leukocytes. Evaluation of other muscles of the legs revealed that the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were the most frequently and severely affected muscles, while tibialis posterior muscles were relatively spared. Edema-like abnormalities are most frequently observed in the skeletal muscles of the anterior compartment.Conclusion:Muscle MRI is helpful to depict muscle abnormalities but does not seem to be a reliable indicator of skeletal muscle involvement in DM1 since the decrease in TAmuscle force is not correlated with MRI abnormalities in some patients.

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Fleckenstein, J. L., D. Watumull, L. A. Bertocci, R. W. Parkey, and R. M. Peshock. "Finger-specific flexor recruitment in humans: depiction by exercise-enhanced MRI." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 1974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.5.1974.

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To evaluate the spatial distribution of human forearm musculature stressed by finger-specific exercise, magnetic resonance imaging was performed in conjunction with exercise protocols designed to separately stress the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus. These muscles were shown to consist of subvolumes selectively recruited by flexion of the individual fingers. Knowledge of the finger-specific regions of muscle recruitment during finger flexion could improve sampling accuracy in electromyography, biopsy, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and invasive vascular sampling studies of hand exercise.

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Adams, G. R., M. R. Duvoisin, and G. A. Dudley. "Magnetic resonance imaging and electromyography as indexes of muscle function." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 1578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1578.

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Electromyography (EMG) is commonly used to determine the electrical activity of skeletal muscle during contraction. To date, independent verification of the relationship between muscle use and EMG has not been provided. It has recently been shown that relaxation- (e.g., T2) weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) of skeletal muscle demonstrate exercise-induced contrast enhancement that is graded with exercise intensity. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that exercise-induced magnetic resonance (MR) contrast shifts would relate to EMG amplitude if both measures reflect muscle use during exercise. Both MRI and EMG data were collected for separate eccentric (ECC) and concentric (CON) exercise of increasing intensity to take advantage of the fact that the rate of increase and amplitude of EMG activity are markedly greater for CON muscle actions. Seven subjects 30 +/- 2 (SE) yr old performed five sets of 10 CON or ECC arm curls with each of four resistances representing 40, 60, 80, and 100% of their 10 repetition maximum for CON curls. There was 1.5 min between sets and 30 min between bouts (5 sets of 10 actions at each relative resistance). Multiple echo, transaxial T2-weighted MR images (1.5 T, TR/TE 2,000/30) were collected from a 7-cm region in the middle of the arm before exercise and immediately after each bout. Surface EMG signals were collected from both heads of the biceps brachii and the long head of the triceps brachii muscles. CON and ECC actions resulted in increased integrated EMG (IEMG) and T2 values that were strongly related (r = 0.99, P < 0.05) with relative resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Desimpel, Julie, Marc Mespreuve, Alberto Tagliafico, and Filip Vanhoenacker. "Accessory Muscles of the Extremities." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 22, no. 03 (May 23, 2018): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641575.

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AbstractAccessory muscles and variations are not uncommon at the upper and lower extremity. They are often overlooked because they are asymptomatic and present as incidental findings on imaging. However, they may present as a soft tissue swelling, thereby mimicking soft tissue tumors. Other symptoms are attributed to impingement on neurovascular structures and to exercise-related pain. Thorough knowledge of the anatomy, systematic imaging analysis, and the awareness of it are the clues to correct identification. On ultrasound, accessory muscles have a similar echotexture as other muscles, whereas the signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is similar to muscle. Because of the intrinsic contrast with the adjacent intermuscular fat, accessory muscles are best depicted on MRI without fat suppression. This article provides a short overview of the anatomy of most prevalent accessory muscles of the upper and lower limb and its potential pathogenic nature.

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Lin, Chien-Hung, Tsyh-Jyi Hsieh, Yi-Chen Chou, and Clement Kuen-Huang Chen. "Feasibility of Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Musculoskeletal Tumors with Optimized Post-Labeling Delay." Diagnostics 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102450.

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Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to perform perfusion imaging without administration of contrast media. However, the reliability of ASL for musculoskeletal tumors and the influence of post-labeling delay (PLD) have not been fully clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ASL with different PLDs in the imaging of musculoskeletal tumors. Forty-five patients were enrolled and were divided into a malignant group, a hypervascular benign group, a hypovascular benign group and a control group. The tissue blood flow (TBF) of the lesions and normal muscles was measured and the lesion-to-muscle TBF ratio and differences were calculated. The results showed that both the TBF of lesions and muscles increased as the PLD increased, and the TBF of muscles correlated significantly and positively with the TBF of lesions (all p < 0.05). The TBF and lesion-to-muscle TBF differences of the malignant lesions were significantly higher than those of the hypovascular benign lesions and the control group in all PLD groups (all p < 0.0125) and only those of the hypervascular benign lesions in the longest PLD (3025 ms) group (p = 0.0120, 0.0116). In conclusion, ASL detects high TBF in malignant tumors and hypervascular benign lesions, and a longer PLD is recommended for ASL to differentiate musculoskeletal tumors.

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Nygren, Anders T., and Lennart Kaijser. "Water exchange induced by unilateral exercise in active and inactive skeletal muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 1716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01117.2001.

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Water exchange was evaluated in active (E-leg) and inactive skeletal muscles by using1H-magnetic resonance imaging. Six healthy subjects performed one-legged plantar flexion exercise at low and high workloads. Magnetic resonance imaging measured calf cross-sectional area (CSA), transverse relaxation time (T2), and apparent diffusion capacity (ADC) at rest and during recovery. After high workload, inactive muscle decreased CSA and T2 by 2.1% ( P < 0.05) and 3.1% ( P < 0.05), respectively, and left ADC unchanged. E-leg simultaneously increased CSA, T2, and ADC by 4.2% ( P < 0.001), 15.5% ( P < 0.05), and 12.5% ( P < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, ADC and T2 correlated highly with muscle volume, indicative of extravascular water displacement closely related to muscle activity and perfusion, which was presumably a combined effect of increased intracellular osmoles and hydrostatic forces as driving forces. A distinguishable muscle temperature release was initially detected in the E-leg after high workload, and the ensuing recovery of ADC and T2 indicated delayed interstitial restitution than restitution of the intracellular compartment. Furthermore, absorption of extravascular water was detected in inactive muscles at contralateral high-intensity exercise.

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Ricci, Vincenzo, and Levent Özçakar. "Ultrasound Imaging of the Paraspinal Muscles for Interscapular Pain After Back Massage." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 6 (August 1, 2020): 830–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0490.

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Muscle injuries are very common in sports medicine, but involvement of the paraspinal muscles is relatively rare. The diagnosis is usually clinical, but diagnostic imaging modalities (ie, ultrasound and magnetic resonance) identify, in detail, the anatomical site and extension of the lesion helping the physician plan a specific rehabilitation program. Likewise, the authors present an unusual case of a amateur volleyball player who suffered injury of the paraspinal muscles after a session of manual therapy with deep massage. The authors also highlight the potential role of ultrasound imaging in detecting muscle injuries not only in the limbs but also at the level of paraspinal region for prompt management and return to play.

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Lévano Loayza, Sandro Alexander, and Abell Temistocles Sovero Gaspar. "Anatomical assessment of the temporomandibular joint with magnetic resonance imaging." Imaging and Radiation Research 5, no. 2 (September 22, 2010): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/irr.v5i2.1760.

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A systemic and synthetic review of the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint in magnetic resonance imaging was developed for its evaluation. The temporomandibular joint is an anatomical structure composed of bones, muscles, ligaments and an articular disc that allows important physiological movements, such as mandibular opening, closing, protrusion, retrusion and lateralization. Magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging technique that does not use ionizing radiation and is more specific for the evaluation and interpretation of soft tissues, due to its high resolution, so it has an important role in the diagnosis of various maxillofacial pathologies, which is why the dentist should have knowledge of the structures and functions of the temporomandibular joint through magnetic resonance imaging. The review demonstrates the importance of magnetic resonance imaging in the study of the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint, in addition to mentioning the advantages provided by this imaging technique such as its good detail of the soft tissues in its different sequences and the non-use of ionizing radiation to obtain its images.

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Yang, Yimeng, Longhua Qiu, Xueping Gu, Jun Chen, Shiyi Chen, Dan Hu, Yuefeng Hao, and Xiliang Shang. "Monitoring Rotator Cuff Muscle Fatty Infiltration Progression by Magnetic Resonance Imaging T1 Mapping: Correlation With Direct Evaluation Findings in Rats." American Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 4 (January 31, 2022): 1078–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465211069976.

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Background: Monitoring the fatty infiltration (FI) process in rotator cuff muscles is of value in establishing a treatment plan and predicting the postoperative prognosis. Quantitative T1 mapping shows promise for evaluating muscle degeneration, while its validity in monitoring rotator cuff muscle FI progression needs further investigation. Purpose: To determine the validity of T1 mapping in monitoring FI progression of rotator cuff muscles. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 108) underwent left supraspinatus (SS) and infraspinatus (IS) tenotomy only (TT), suprascapular nerve transection only (NT), or SS and IS tenotomy plus suprascapular nerve transection (TT+NT). Sham surgery on the right shoulder served as the control. The magnetic resonance imaging examination included T1 mapping performed at 12, 16, and 20 weeks postoperation. SS and IS muscles were harvested to quantitatively evaluate FI via direct evaluation (triglyceride quantification assay and histological analysis) at the same predetermined intervals. The correlation of the imaging data with direct evaluation of rotator cuff muscles was analyzed. Results: T1 values were significantly lower in left SS and IS muscles at 12, 16, and 20 weeks postoperation as compared with those on the right side. T1 values of the left SS and IS muscles were continuously decreased in all groups. The TT+NT group had a greater decrease in T1 value than did the TT and NT groups. Triglyceride quantification assay and histological analysis demonstrated significant and progressive FI of the left SS and IS muscles in the 3 groups. The most serious FI changes were observed in the TT+NT group. T1 values were also well correlated with triglyceride contents and area fractions of fat. Conclusion: T1 mapping can be an effective imaging modality for sensitive and quantitative monitoring of FI progression in rotator cuff muscles. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study provide a tool for researchers to noninvasively and quantitatively monitor the process of muscle degeneration, contributing to the evaluation of surgical indication and postoperative prognosis.

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Saab, George, R. Terry Thompson, and Greg D. Marsh. "Effects of exercise on muscle transverse relaxation determined by MR imaging and in vivo relaxometry." Journal of Applied Physiology 88, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.1.226.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of intense exercise on the proton transverse (T2) relaxation of human skeletal muscle. The flexor digitorium profundus muscles of 12 male subjects were studied by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 6 echoes, 18-ms echo time) and in vivo magnetic resonance relaxometry (1,000 echoes, 1.2-ms echo time), before and after an intense handgrip exercise. MRI of resting muscle produced a single T2 value of 32 ms that increased by 19% ( P < 0.05) with exercise. In vivo relaxometry showed at least three T2 components (>5 ms) for all subjects with mean values of 21, 40, and 137 ms and respective magnitudes of 34, 49, and 14% of the total magnetic resonance signal. These component magnitudes changed with exercise by −44% ( P < 0.05), +52% ( P < 0.05), and +23% ( P < 0.05), respectively. These results demonstrate that intense exercise has a profound effect on the multicomponent T2 relaxation of muscle. Changes in the magnitudes of all the T2 components synergistically increase MRI T2, but changes in the two shortest T2components predominate.

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Ragunathan, Sudarshan, Laura C. Bell, Natenael Semmineh, Ashley M. Stokes, Jeremy M. Shefner, Robert Bowser, Shafeeq Ladha, and C. Chad Quarles. "Evaluation of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Induced Muscle Degeneration Using Magnetic Resonance-Based Relaxivity Contrast Imaging (RCI)." Tomography 7, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tomography7020015.

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(1) Background: This work characterizes the sensitivity of magnetic resonance-based Relaxivity Contrast Imaging (RCI) to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)-induced changes in myofiber microstructure. Transverse Relaxivity at Tracer Equilibrium (TRATE), an RCI-based parameter, was evaluated in the lower extremities of ALS patients and healthy subjects. (2) Methods: In this IRB-approved study, 23 subjects (12 ALS patients and 11 healthy controls) were scanned at 3T (Philips, The Netherlands). RCI data were obtained during injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent. TRATE, fat fraction and T2 measures, were compared in five muscle groups of the calf muscle, between ALS and control populations. TRATE was also evaluated longitudinally (baseline and 6 months) and was compared to clinical measures, namely ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and Hand-Held Dynamometry (HHD), in a subset of the ALS population. (3) Results: TRATE was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in ALS-affected muscle than in healthy muscle in all muscle groups. Fat fraction differences between ALS and healthy muscle were statistically significant for the tibialis anterior (p = 0.01), tibialis posterior (p = 0.004), and peroneus longus (p = 0.02) muscle groups but were not statistically significant for the medial (p = 0.07) and lateral gastrocnemius (p = 0.06) muscles. T2 differences between ALS and healthy muscle were statistically significant for the tibialis anterior (p = 0.004), peroneus longus (p = 0.004) and lateral gastrocnemius (p = 0.03) muscle groups but were not statistically significant for the tibialis posterior (p = 0.06) and medial gastrocnemius (p = 0.07) muscles. Longitudinally, TRATE, averaged over all patients, decreased by 28 ± 16% in the tibialis anterior, 47 ± 18% in the peroneus longus, 25 ± 19% in the tibialis posterior, 29 ± 14% in the medial gastrocnemius and 35 ± 18% in the lateral gastrocnemius muscles between two timepoints. ALSFRS-R scores were stable in two of four ALS patients. HHD scores decreased in three of four ALS patients. (4) Conclusion: RCI-based TRATE was shown to consistently differentiate ALS-affected muscle from healthy muscle and also provide a quantitative measure of longitudinal muscle degeneration.

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Lee, Susan C., Yoshimi Endo, and Hollis G. Potter. "Imaging of Groin Pain: Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound Imaging Features." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 9, no. 5 (March 8, 2017): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117694841.

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Context: Evaluation of groin pain in athletes may be challenging as pain is typically poorly localized and the pubic symphyseal region comprises closely approximated tendons and muscles. As such, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) may help determine the etiology of groin pain. Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search was performed using the following search terms: ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, sports hernia, athletic pubalgia, and groin pain. Date restrictions were not placed on the literature search. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: MRI is sensitive in diagnosing pathology in groin pain. Not only can MRI be used to image rectus abdominis/adductor longus aponeurosis and pubic bone pathology, but it can also evaluate other pathology within the hip and pelvis. MRI is especially helpful when groin pain is poorly localized. Real-time capability makes ultrasound useful in evaluating the pubic symphyseal region, as it can be used for evaluation and treatment. Conclusion: MRI and US are valuable in diagnosing pathology in athletes with groin pain, with the added utility of treatment using US-guided intervention. Strength-of Recommendation Taxonomy: C

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Senesac, Claudia R., Alison M. Barnard, Donovan J. Lott, Kavya S. Nair, Ann T. Harrington, Rebecca J. Willcocks, Kirsten L. Zilke, William D. Rooney, Glenn A. Walter, and Krista Vandenborne. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Linking Findings to the Physical Therapy Clinic." Physical Therapy 100, no. 11 (July 31, 2020): 2035–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa140.

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Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a muscle degenerative disorder that manifests in early childhood and results in progressive muscle weakness. Physical therapists have long been an important component of the multidisciplinary team caring for people with DMD, providing expertise in areas of disease assessment, contracture management, assistive device prescription, and exercise prescription. Over the last decade, magnetic resonance imaging of muscles in people with DMD has led to an improved understanding of the muscle pathology underlying the clinical manifestations of DMD. Findings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in DMD, paired with the clinical expertise of physical therapists, can help guide research that leads to improved physical therapist care for this unique patient population. The 2 main goals of this perspective article are to (1) summarize muscle pathology and disease progression findings from qualitative and quantitative muscle MRI studies in DMD and (2) link MRI findings of muscle pathology to the clinical manifestations observed by physical therapists with discussion of any potential implications of MRI findings on physical therapy management.

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Hides, Julie A., Daniel L. Belavý, Warren Stanton, Stephen J. Wilson, Jörn Rittweger, Dieter Felsenberg, and Carolyn A. Richardson. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Trunk Muscles During Prolonged Bed Rest." Spine 32, no. 15 (July 2007): 1687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0b013e318074c386.

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Cox, F. M., M. Reijnierse, C. S. P. van Rijswijk, A. R. Wintzen, J. J. Verschuuren, and U. A. Badrising. "Magnetic resonance imaging of skeletal muscles in sporadic inclusion body myositis." Rheumatology 50, no. 6 (February 2, 2011): 1153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/ker001.

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Bartlett, M. L., L. Ginn, L. Beitz, M. L. Villalba, P. Plotz, and S. L. Bacharach. "Quantitative assessment of myositis in thigh muscles using magnetic resonance imaging." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 17, no. 2 (February 1999): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0730-725x(98)00092-7.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Muscles Magnetic resonance imaging'

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