Academic literature on the topic 'Muscles'
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Journal articles on the topic "Muscles"
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Azizi, E. "Locomotor function shapes the passive mechanical properties and operating lengths of muscle." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1783 (May 22, 2014): 20132914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2914.
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Locomotor muscles often perform diverse roles, functioning as motors that produce mechanical energy, struts that produce force and brakes that dissipate mechanical energy. In many vertebrate muscles, these functions are not mutually exclusive and a single muscle often performs a range of mechanically diverse tasks. This functional diversity has obscured the relationship between a muscle's locomotor function and its mechanical properties. I use hopping in toads as a model system for comparing muscles that primarily produce mechanical energy with muscles that primarily dissipate mechanical energy. During hopping, hindlimb muscles undergo active shortening to produce mechanical energy and propel the animal into the air, whereas the forelimb muscles undergo active lengthening to dissipate mechanical energy during landing. Muscles performing distinct mechanical functions operate on different regions of the force–length curve. These findings suggest that a muscle's operating length may be shaped by potential trade-offs between force production and sarcomere stability. In addition, the passive force–length properties of hindlimb and forelimb muscles vary, suggesting that passive stiffness functions to restrict the muscle's operating length in vivo . These results inform our understanding of vertebrate muscle variation by providing a clear link between a muscle's locomotor function and its mechanical properties.
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Locke, M., B. G. Atkinson, R. M. Tanguay, and E. G. Noble. "Shifts in type I fiber proportion in rat hindlimb muscle are accompanied by changes in HSP72 content." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): C1240—C1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.5.c1240.
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Heat-shock protein 72 (HSP72), the inducible isoform of the HSP70 family, is constitutively expressed in rat hindlimb muscles in proportion to the content of type I muscle fibers. To determine whether this relationship was maintained after fiber transformation, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 3,5,3'-triiodo-DL-thyronine (T3) for 40 days or underwent surgical removal of the left gastrocnemius muscle, after which the left plantaris muscle was allowed to hypertrophy for 30 days. Hypertrophied plantaris muscles exhibited an increased number of type I fibers, type I myosin heavy-chain (MHC) protein, and HSP72 content compared with contralateral muscles. Soleus muscles from rats administered T3 exhibited an increased number of type II fibers, citrate synthase activity, and decreased HSP72 content compared with soleus muscles from controls. These results indicate that the relationship between HSP72 content and type I muscle fiber-MHC composition is maintained when muscles undergo fiber transformation and substantiate that HSP72 content in rat skeletal muscle is not directly linked to a muscle's oxidative capacity.
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ABOALASAAD, ABDELHAMID R. R., BRIGITA K. SIRKOVÁ, and GOZDE GONCU-BERK. "Enhancement of muscle’s activity by woven compression bandage." Industria Textila 72, no. 04 (September 1, 2021): 408–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.072.04.1789.
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Electromyography (EMG) test, the recording of electrical activity in muscle, is a main tool usually used to evaluate themuscle’s activation. This study aims to discuss and analyse the effect of woven compression bandage (WCB) onmuscles’ activation. Flexor Carpi (FC), Soleus (SO), and Medial Gastrocnemius (MG) muscles were selected torepresent the wrist, ankle, and mid-calf muscles respectively, which were then evaluated by EMG electrical voltage testwith and without wearing WCB. The standardized activities used to test the FC muscle were flexion-extension andsqueezing a soft roll. While the protocol activities for MG and SO muscles were flexion-extension and walking actions.Wearing WCB significantly decreased the muscle’s activation and was associated with higher median frequency for bothSO and MG muscles during the tested activities. The EMG signals were analysed and filtered using MegaWin andMATLAB software. Root mean square (RMS) values confirmed that wearing WCB could improve the performance of FC,SO, and MG muscles and might reduce the muscle’s fatigue during the selected activities.
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Haładaj, Robert, Michał Polguj, and R. Shane Tubbs. "Comparison of the Superior and Inferior Rectus Muscles in Humans: An Anatomical Study with Notes on Morphology, Anatomical Variations, and Intramuscular Innervation Patterns." BioMed Research International 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9037693.
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A comparison of the superior and inferior rectus muscles was performed to determine whether they have similar structures and innervation attributable to their participation in the same type of, although antagonistic, eye movements. The study was conducted on 70 cadaveric hemiheads, and the anatomical variations in the superior and inferior rectus muscles were assessed. Sihler’s whole mount nerve staining technique was used on 20 isolated superior and 20 isolated inferior rectus muscle specimens to visualize the intramuscular distribution of the oculomotor nerve subbranches. In two cases (~2.8%), variant muscular slips were found that connected the superior and inferior rectus muscles. In 80% of cases, muscular branches arising directly from the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve innervated the inferior rectus muscle, while in 20% of cases, the nerve to the inferior oblique muscle pierced the inferior rectus muscle and provided its innervation. In 15 of 70 specimens (21.4%), a branch to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle pierced the superior rectus muscle. The distance between the specific rectus muscle’s insertion and the anterior-most terminations of the nerves’ subbranches with reference to the muscle’s total length ranged from 26.9% to 47.2% for the inferior rectus and from 34.8% to 46.6% for the superior rectus, respectively. The superior rectus muscle is slightly longer and its insertion is farther from the limbus of the cornea than is the inferior rectus muscle. Both muscles share a common general pattern of intramuscular nerve subbranches’ arborization, with characteristic Y-shaped ramifications that form the terminal nerve plexus located near half of the muscles’ length. Unexpected anatomical variations of the extraocular muscles may be relevant during orbital imaging or surgical procedures.
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Lieber, Richard L., and Samuel R. Ward. "Skeletal muscle design to meet functional demands." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1570 (May 27, 2011): 1466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0316.
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Skeletal muscles are length- and velocity-sensitive force producers, constructed of a vast array of sarcomeres. Muscles come in a variety of sizes and shapes to accomplish a wide variety of tasks. How does muscle design match task performance? In this review, we outline muscle's basic properties and strategies that are used to produce movement. Several examples are provided, primarily for human muscles, in which skeletal muscle architecture and moment arms are tailored to a particular performance requirement. In addition, the concept that muscles may have a preferred sarcomere length operating range is also introduced. Taken together, the case is made that muscles can be fine-tuned to perform specific tasks that require actuators with a wide range of properties.
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Shahin, Karima A., and R. T. Berg. "Growth and distribution of individual muscles in Double Muscled and normal cattle." Journal of Agricultural Science 105, no. 3 (December 1985): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600059347.
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SUMMARYEighteen Double Muscled (DM), 18 Beef Synthetic and 18 Hereford bulls, serially slaughtered from approximately 250 to 800 kg live weight, were used to examine the influence of maturity type and Double Muscling on individual muscle growth patterns and distribution.Breed types differed significantly in the relative growth rate of five of the 95 muscles. Individual muscles grew and developed at relatively different rates with muscles associated with locomotion being early developing followed by those associated with structure or posture and finally those which respond to sexual maturation or luxury muscles which were late developing. Individual muscle growth patterns revealed an increasing disto-proximal gradient along the limbs and an increasing caudo-cranial gradient along the whole body. However, within any anatomical region considerable variations with well defined growth gradients were found for individual muscles. In the proximal region of both limbs increasing medio-lateral growth gradients were apparent.At the same total side muscle, breed types differed significantly in adjusted mean weights of 33 of the 95 muscles. When comparison was made at the same total side muscle, DM showed a range of hypertrophy of + 28% to -28% when compared with the more normal breed types.Muscular hypertrophy followed a disto-proximal gradient along the limbs and an inner–outer gradient across the muscle layers with the superficial and bulkiest muscles being the most hypertrophied. At the same total side muscle, DM had heavier expensive or luxury muscles than normal cattle.
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Bergmeister, Konstantin D., Martin Aman, Silvia Muceli, Ivan Vujaklija, Krisztina Manzano-Szalai, Ewald Unger, Ruth A. Byrne, et al. "Peripheral nerve transfers change target muscle structure and function." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (January 2019): eaau2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau2956.
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Selective nerve transfers surgically rewire motor neurons and are used in extremity reconstruction to restore muscle function or to facilitate intuitive prosthetic control. We investigated the neurophysiological effects of rewiring motor axons originating from spinal motor neuron pools into target muscles with lower innervation ratio in a rat model. Following reinnervation, the target muscle’s force regenerated almost completely, with the motor unit population increasing to 116% in functional and 172% in histological assessments with subsequently smaller muscle units. Muscle fiber type populations transformed into the donor nerve’s original muscles. We thus demonstrate that axons of alternative spinal origin can hyper-reinnervate target muscles without loss of muscle force regeneration, but with a donor-specific shift in muscle fiber type. These results explain the excellent clinical outcomes following nerve transfers in neuromuscular reconstruction. They indicate that reinnervated muscles can provide an accurate bioscreen to display neural information of lost body parts for high-fidelity prosthetic control.
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Afnan, Zavata, Arshad Nawaz Malik, Saira Jahan, and Arshad Ali. "Association of muscles length and strength with balance and functional status among children with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.5174.
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Objective: To determine the correlation of muscle length and muscle strength with balance and functional status among children with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2021 at the Physical Therapy Department of Chal Foundation and Fatima Physiotherapy Centre, Swabi, Pakistan, and comprised children aged 4-12 years with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy. The strength of back and lower limb muscles was assessed through manual muscles testing. Lower limb muscle’s length, indicating tightness, was assessed using goniometer. Paediatric balance scale and gross motor function measure scale-88 were used to assess balance and gross motor function. Data was analysed using SPSS 23. Results: Of the 83 subjects, 47(56.6%) were boys and 36(43.4%) were girls. The overall mean age was 7.31±2.02 years, mean weight was 19.71±5.45kg, mean height was 105.5±14cm and mean body mass index was 17.32±1.64 kg/m2. There was a positive and significant correlation of all the lower limb muscles’ strength with balance (p<0.01) and functional status (p<0.01). The correlation between the tightness of muscles and balance was significant and negative for all lower limb muscles (p<0.005). The correlation between the muscles’ tightness and functional status was negative and significant for all lower limb muscles (p<0.005). Conclusion: Good muscle strength and appropriate flexibility of lower limb muscles enhanced functional status and good balance in children with diplegic spastic cerebral palsy. Key Words: Balance, Cerebral palsy, Diplegic cerebral palsy, Functional status, Muscle length, Muscle strength.
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Acevedo, Luz M., Ana I. Raya, Rafael Ríos, Escolástico Aguilera-Tejero, and José-Luis L. Rivero. "Obesity-induced discrepancy between contractile and metabolic phenotypes in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of female obese Zucker rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 123, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00282.2017.
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A clear picture of skeletal muscle adaptations to obesity and related comorbidities remains elusive. This study describes fiber-type characteristics (size, proportions, and oxidative enzyme activity) in two typical hindlimb muscles with opposite structure and function in an animal model of genetic obesity. Lesser fiber diameter, fiber-type composition, and histochemical succinic dehydrogenase activity (an oxidative marker) of muscle fiber types were assessed in slow (soleus)- and fast (tibialis cranialis)-twitch muscles of obese Zucker rats and compared with age (16 wk)- and sex (females)-matched lean Zucker rats ( n = 16/group). Muscle mass and lesser fiber diameter were lower in both muscle types of obese compared with lean animals even though body weights were increased in the obese cohort. A faster fiber-type phenotype also occurred in slow- and fast-twitch muscles of obese rats compared with lean rats. These adaptations were accompanied by a significant increment in histochemical succinic dehydrogenase activity of slow-twitch fibers in the soleus muscle and fast-twitch fiber types in the tibialis cranialis muscle. Obesity significantly increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines but did not significantly affect protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARγ or PGC1α in either muscle. These data demonstrate that, in female Zucker rats, obesity induces a reduction of muscle mass in which skeletal muscles show a diminished fiber size and a faster and more oxidative phenotype. It was noteworthy that this discrepancy in muscle's contractile and metabolic features was of comparable nature and extent in muscles with different fiber-type composition and antagonist functions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates a discrepancy between morphological (reduced muscle mass), contractile (shift toward a faster phenotype), and metabolic (increased mitochondrial oxidative enzyme activity) characteristics in skeletal muscles of female Zucker fatty rats. It is noteworthy that this inconsistency was comparable (in nature and extent) in muscles with different structure and function.
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SHAHIN, KARIMA A., and R. T. BERG. "GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF MUSCLE IN DOUBLE MUSCLED AND NORMAL CATTLE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 2 (June 1, 1985): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-037.
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Eighteen Double Muscled (DM), 18 Beef Synthetic (SY) and 18 Hereford (HE) bulls, serially slaughtered from approximately 250 to 800 kg liveweight, were used to determine the influence of maturity type and "double muscling" upon muscle growth patterns and distribution. The left side of each carcass was dissected into major carcass tissues and the weights of individual muscles were obtained and grouped into nine standard anatomical groups. Relative to total side msucle (TSM), breed types tended to have similar growth coefficients for all muscle groups except muscles surrounding the spinal column where HE tended to have a higher growth coefficient than either DM or SY. As TSM increased, the proportion of muscle found in proximal hindlimb, distal hindlimb and distal forelimb decreased (b < 1; P < 0.05), the proportion of muscle in abdominal wall and proximal forelimb remained relatively constant (b = 1; P > 0.05) and the proportion of muscle in thorax to forelimb, neck to forelimb and intrinsic muscles of neck and thorax increased (b > 1; P < 0.05). At the same TSM, compared with the other breed types, DM tended to have more of their muscle in the hip and stifle region but less in the distal parts of both limbs and in neck and thorax. The hyperdevelopment of the large superficial muscles of the proximal part (thigh) and the hypodevelopment of the distal part in the hindlimb give the DM animal the typical 'bottle thigh' appearance. Key words: Bulls (young), muscle growth, muscle distribution, Double Muscled, cattle
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Muscles"
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Baker, Brent A. "Characterization of skeletal muscle performance and morphology following acute and chronic mechanical loading paradigms." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5325.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 270 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hourdé, Christophe Keller Angélica Ferry Arnaud. "Étude de la coordination des phénotypes contractile et métabolique du muscle strié squelettique à travers des modèles animaux." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0393949.pdf.
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Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de la vie et de la santé : Paris 12 : 2006.Version électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. : 410 réf.
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Pathare, Neeti C. "Metabolic adaptations following disuse and their impact on skeletal muscle function." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010024.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 171 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Pasquet, Benjamin. "Etude de la spécificité de la commande motrice et de sa régulation pendant différents types de contractions musculaires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210280.
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Le but de cette dissertation doctorale était de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de contrôle tant centraux que périphériques qui sont à l’origine de la régulation neuromusculaire lors de mouvement impliquant des contractions de type excentrique. Lors d’une première étude réalisée sur le muscle jambier antérieur, nous avons montré qu’un exercice utilisant des contractions excentriques présentait une meilleure résistance à la fatigue que lorsque des contractions concentriques étaient impliquées puisque celui-ci conduit à une moindre diminution du couple de force et de l’activité électromyographique. L’absence de fatigue nerveuse centrale et l’observation d’un comportement spécifique du couple de force et de l’activité électromyographique lors de ces épreuves de fatigue semblait traduire la mise en jeu de processus périphériques différents. La plus grande fatigue observée lors de l’épreuve concentrique suggérait une activation plus importante que pour l’épreuve excentrique, dont les conséquences métaboliques renforcent les altérations du couplage excitation-contraction. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié l’effet des modifications de longueur de fascicule du muscle jambier antérieur sur le comportement spécifique des unités motrices (ordre, fréquence et seuil de recrutement) lors de contractions isométriques. Nous avons ensuite analysé le comportement d’unités motrices selon les différentes modalités de contractions (concentrique vs. excentrique) sur ce même muscle. Pour y répondre, différentes techniques d’analyse ont été utilisées dont l’enregistrement électromyographique intramusculaire et l’ultrasonographie. Enfin, nous avons cherché à analyser l’évolution des différents mécanismes de régulation d’origine périphérique et /ou central susceptible de modifier l’excitabilité du pool de motoneurone lors de contractions concentriques et excentriques. Pour y répondre, les modulations d’une part, du réflexe de Hoffmann (réflexe H) par stimulation électrique et d’autre part, celles du potentiel moteur évoqué (MEP) par stimulation magnétique transcorticale, ont été investiguées. Ces réponses ont été enregistrées à différents angles de la plage articulaires étudiée lors des contractions concentriques et excentriques, ainsi qu’aux deux extrémités angulaires lors de contraction isométriques. Notre travail indique que l’ordre de recrutement des unités motrices entre les contractions concentriques et excentriques étant identique, le système nerveux n’utilise qu’une seule et même stratégie d’activation liée à la taille des motoneurones impliqués dans ces deux types de contractions. En outre, les contractions excentriques lorsqu’elles sont réalisées à vitesse constante, sont associées à une modulation spécifique de la fréquence de décharge des unités motrices. Ce comportement diffère de celui observé lors de contractions concentriques, malgré une modification linéaire et similaire de la longueur des fascicules et du couple de force au cours de ces deux tâches. Les modulations du recrutement des unités motrices semblent davantage dépendre de la longueur musculaire tandis que les modulations de fréquence prédominent pendant les contractions en raccourcissement. Ce comportement spécifique semble dépendant de mécanismes de régulation principalement localisés au niveau spinal. Ainsi, le degré d’inhibition des afférences fusoriales affectant le pool de motoneurones du muscle tibial antérieur lors de sollicitations actives du muscle, dépend davantage de l’angle articulaire et donc de la longueur du muscle plutôt que du mode de contraction. Lors de sollicitations isométriques, le retour sensoriel Ia est principalement contrôlé au niveau présynaptique en fonction de la longueur du muscle. Lors de sollicitations concentriques et excentriques, ces mécanismes présynaptiques réguleraient l'excitabilité spinale de manière similaire entre les deux modes. Néanmoins, bien que l'inhibition présynaptique soit probablement plus marquée lors des sollicitations excentriques, ce mode de contraction semble également régulé par des mécanismes d'inhibition intervenant au niveau postsynaptique tel que l'inhibition récurrente de Renshaw. Ce mécanisme localisé au niveau postsynaptique permettrait de réguler la fréquence de pulsation des unités motrices lors de sollicitations excentriques dans le but le faciliter l'exécution du mouvement. L'originalité de notre travail a été d’étudier le comportement d’une même unité dans les deux modes de contractions alors que la méthode d’analyse généralement adoptée consistait à comparer des populations d’unités motrices entre-elles. De plus, les changements de la longueur du muscle au cours du mouvement ainsi que les vitesses de raccourcissement ou d'allongement ont été estimés à partir de la mesure directe de la longueur des fascicules musculaires. Cette dernière présente l’avantage de fournir une information de longueur et de vitesse sur la portion de muscle à partir de laquelle les enregistrements d’unités motrices ont été obtenus. Enfin, étant donné les modulations possibles tant au niveau spinal que supraspinal des mécanismes nerveux mis en jeu, il semblait important d’analyser celles-ci pendant le mouvement et aux différents angles investigués. Cette précision méthodologique a permis d'élargir la discussion concernant les possibles modifications de la balance "excitation-inhibition" lors de sollicitations excentriques, qui, jusqu’à présent, n'avaient été analysées que pour un angle articulaire donné.Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité
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Fink, Emmanuelle. "Rôles respectifs du mode lésionnel, de l'inactivité et de l'hormone de croissance sur la vitesse de régénérescence du muscle." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05A001.
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Le but de ce travail de thèse était d'étudier chez le rat, la vitessse et la qualité de regenérescence d'un muscle squelettique de type lent, après différents mode lésionnels. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé l'évolution des marqueurs du phenotype contractile [distribution des différentes isoformes des chaînes lourdes de la myosine (MHC)] et du phénotype métabolique [isoformes de la créatine-kinase (CK) et de la lactate-deshydrogénase (LDH)] au cours de la régénérescence. Ce travail peut être décliné en trois grandes étapes : 1) dans un premier temps, nous avons établi la cinétique de récupération du phénotype musculaire après une lésion induite par écrasement (lésions associées à de graves désordres anatomiques et avec une altération neuro-vasculaire), puis nous l'avons comparée à celle observée après une lésion induite par injection de notexine (dégénérescence étendue des fibres musculaires, mais sans graves desordres anatomiques). Nos résultats ont montré que le type de lésion n'affecte que faiblement la vitesse de récupération des isoformes de MHC et le retour à un phénotype contractile normal. . .The aim of this thesis was to study kinetic and quality of regeneration in a slow type skeletal muscle of the rat, after different kinds of injury. Therefore, we analyzed the evolution of contractile phentype markers[distribution of the different myosin heavy chain isoforms (MHC)] and of metabolic phenotype markers [creatine-kinase (CK) and lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) isoforms] during regeneration. This work can be declined in into three main steps : 1) initially, we established the time course recovery of the muscular phenotype after a crash injury (associated with serious anatomical disorders and with neuro-vascular alterations), then we compared it with that observed after an injury induced by a notexin injection (wide myofibres degeneration, but without serious anatomical disorders). Our results showed that the type of injury affects only slightly the recovery of the MHC isoforms and the return to a normal contractile phenotype. On the other hand, the recovery of the oxydative capacities and the return to a mature metabolic phenotype are slower than the recovery of contractile proteins. Moreover, the recovery of the oxydative capacities is much slower in the crush-injured muscles. . .
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Kjellgren, Daniel. "Human extraocular muscles : molecular diversity of a unique muscle allotype." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-260.
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Bassil, Maria. "Muscles artificiels à base d’hydrogel électroactif." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10127/document.
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Les hydrogels de Polyacrylamide (PAAM) hydrolysés sont des matériaux électroactifs biocompatibles non biodégradables. Ils possèdent des propriétés très proches de celles du muscle naturel et leur mode opérationnel basé sur la diffusion d’ions est similaire à celui existant dans les tissus musculaires naturels. Compte tenu de ces caractéristiques, ces hydrogels sont de bons candidats pour la conception de nouveaux muscles artificiels. Le problème qui limite leur utilisation réside dans leur temps de réponse qui reste encore inférieur à celui du système de fibres musculaires naturelles. Leur fonction actuatrice est limitée par le phénomène de diffusion en raison de leur structure massique qui est à l’origine de cycles de fonctionnement relativement lents. Dans le but de développer un nouveau système artificiel mimant le comportement du muscle squelettique naturel cette étude se divise en deux grandes étapes. La première étape vise le développement d’une étude de la synthèse de l’hydrogel de PAAM et de son mode de fonctionnement. Dans cette étude les effets des paramètres gouvernant la polymérisation sur les propriétés des hydrogels sont évalués. Les propriétés électrochimiques et le mécanisme d’activation des actuateurs soumis à une excitation électrique sont étudiés et le mode de fonctionnement des actuateurs est caractérisé et expliqué. La seconde étape est la proposition et le développement d’une nouvelle architecture de muscle artificiel à base de PAAM. Cette architecture consiste en une structure fibreuse du gel encapsulée par une couche en gel conducteur jouant le rôle d’électrodes. La structure fibreuse permet au système d’exhiber une réponse rapide et la couche en gel améliore ses propriétés mécaniques. Comme un premier pas dans la réalisation du modèle nous avons mis en place un nouveau procédé basé sur la technique d’électrofilage qui permet la génération de fibres linéairement disposées. En utilisant ce processus nous avons réussi à fabriquer des microfibres de PAAM réticulées, électroactives montrant des réponses rapidesHydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (PAAM) hydrogels are electroactive, biocompatible and non-biodegradable materials. Their main attractive characteristic is their operative similarity with biological muscles and particularly their life-like movement. They suit better the artificial muscle fabrication despite their response time which stays low compared to natural human muscle due to their bulky structure and due to the kinetics of the size dependence of their volume change. In order to copy the natural skeletal muscle design into a new artificial muscle system this study is divided into two steps. The first step is the development of a comprehensive study of the hydrogel itself in order to obtain the elementary background needed for the design of actuating devices based on this material. The effect of polymerization parameter on the hydrogel properties is investigated. The electrochemical properties and actuation mechanisms of the hydrogel is studied, the bending of PAAM actuators induced by electric field is discussed and a mechanism for the bending phenomenon is proposed. The second step is the proposition of a new artificial muscle architecture based on PAAM hydrogel. The model consists on a fiber like elements of hydrolyzed PAAM, working in parallel, embedded in a thin conducting gel layer which plays the role of electrodes. The fiber-like elements enable the system to exhibit relatively rapid response and the gel layers enhance their mechanical properties. Aiming to realize the model we have put in place a new electrospinning setup which is a modified process for the production of micro to nanofibers via electrostatic fiber spinning of polymer solutions. The main advantage of this technology is to produce aligned electrospun fibers over large areas by simple and a low cost process making it possible to produce fiberbased devices efficiently and economically. Using this setup, we succeeded in the fabrication of electroactive crosslinked hydrogel microfibers that can achieve fast electroactive response
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McMillan, Anne Sinclair. "Human masseter motor unit behaviour." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30673.
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There is a dearth of knowledge on the functional organization of the anatomically complex human masseter muscle. Limited physiological studies suggest a functional organization which may differ significantly from human limb muscles. The present studies aimed to examine the putative relationship between structure and function in the human masseter muscle as a basis for understanding function and dysfunction in human jaw muscles.
In the first experiment single motor unit (SMU) activity was recorded from pairs of recording sites distributed throughout the masseter muscle. In each case SMU activity at a chosen location was used as a reference to search for synchronized SMU activity at another selected site. The locations of the needle tips were estimated in 3-dimensions (3-D) by means of an optical system, then transferred to 3-D reconstructions derived from Magnetic Resonance images. This approach permitted calculation of the linear distances between verified muscle recording sites. The mean separation of the sites from which synchronous SMU activity could be recorded was 8.8±3.4mm. The putative territories had a preferred orientation in the antero-posterior axis. Motor unit territories were larger than described previously, and appeared to be related to anatomical compartments.
The second experiment involved recording activity from stereotactically mapped masseter SMUs. In each case, the lowest sustainable firing frequency (LSFF) was reached by slow increases and decreases in voluntary firing rate, followed by sustained firing at the lowest possible rate. Pulse-discrimination and digital sampling of consecutive inter-spike intervals (ISIs) were then used to measure LSFF for 2-6 separate occlusal and postural tasks to which each unit contributed. There were significant differences between mean ISIs for the tasks performed by most units, which suggests descending drive to masseter units is highly task-dependent. There were also regional differences in unit task specificities.
In the third paradigm, reflex SMU activity was recorded from units in the masseter muscle and the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Bipolar electrodes fixed to the gingiva near the maxillary canine delivered single pulses of 1ms duration at sub-noxious levels of intensity. At constrained firing frequencies (10, 15Hz), pulses were injected sequentially, with increasing delays, after preselected spikes. More profound inhibition occurred in units firing at 10 than 15Hz. There were significant differences in masseter inhibitory responses when the unit task varied. Reflex inhibition in masseter and lateral pterygoid SMUs is highly frequency-dependent, and also task-dependent in masseter units.
The fourth study involved recording activity from SMUs in the masseter muscle. A midline load cell was fixed to the incisor teeth and aligned either perpendicular (P) or 30 degrees anterior (A) to the occlusal plane, without altering jaw position. A rigid spike-triggered averaging (STA) paradigm was used to extract the contribution of individual SMUs to the overall force at load cell orientations P and A. Spikes preceded or followed by an interval of less than 100ms were rejected prior to averaging. At background bite forces from 0.06-8N, the isometric forces apparently developed by individual units varied randomly with load cell orientations, (P range 36.2±19.6mN; A range 38.2±28.4mN). All units could be fired slowly with varying degrees of muscle coactivation, in some instances without contact on the load cell. The use of STA as a method for determining SMU tension in the masseter muscle appears to be task-dependent and in the presence of coactivation may be inappropriate.
The findings collectively indicate the heterogeneous nature of SMU behaviour in the human masseter muscle which is consistent with internal muscle compartments based on anatomical features and functional behaviour. There thus appear to be both physiological and anatomical substrates for differential motor control of selected regions of the human masseter muscle.Dentistry, Faculty of
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Wood, Stephanie Ann Cardinal Trevor R. "A morphological and hemodynamic analysis of skeletal muscle vasculature : a thesis /." [San Luis Obispo, Calif. : California Polytechnic State University], 2008. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/16/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2008."July 2008." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Engineering with a specialization in Biomedical Engineering." "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." Major professor: Trevor Cardinal, Ph.D. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-101). Also available on microfiche and online.
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Yost, John. "Influence of selection for breast muscle mass on pH and metabolism of supracoracoideus muscle from male and female turkey." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=892.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 81 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Books on the topic "Muscles"
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Veronica, Ross. Muscles. North Mankato, MN: Chrysalis Education, 2004.
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Colligan, L. H. Muscles. Tarrytown, N.Y: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2010.
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Ballard, Carol. Muscles. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2003.
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Green, Jen. Muscles. London: Franklin Watts, 2008.
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Steve, Parker. Muscles. Brookfield, Conn: Copper Beech Books, 1997.
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Stål, Per. Characterization of human oro-facial and masticatory muscles with respect to fibre types, myosins and capillaries: Morphological, enzyme-hisotchemical, immuno-histochemical and biochemical investigations. Umeå, Sweden: Departments of Anatomy and Clinical Oral Physiology, Umeå University, 1994.
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Kingston, Bernard. Understanding muscles: A practical guide to muscle function. London: Chapman & Hall, 1996.
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Pollack, Gerald H. Muscles & molecules: Uncovering the principles of biological motion. Seattle, Wash: Ebner & Sons Publishers, 1990.
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McLoon, Linda K., and Francisco Andrade, eds. Craniofacial Muscles. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4466-4.
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Thames, Susan. Our muscles. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Pub., 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Muscles"
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Deniz, Gulnihal. "Muscles." In Clinical Anatomy of Muscle a Hand Book for Healthcare Professionals, 1–19. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358862.1.
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The chapter comprehensively overviews various muscle tissues, their properties, innervation, nomenclature, and clinical relevance. It begins with an in-depth examination of skeletal muscle tissue, characterized by its striated appearance and voluntary control. These muscles are attached to bones and facilitate body movement and posture. Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated and can extend up to 30-35 cm long, with contraction initiated by motor nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord. In contrast, smooth muscle tissue is non-striated and involuntary. It is found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, contributing to functions such as peristalsis and vasoconstriction. Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped, containing a single, centrally located nucleus. Contractions in these muscles are slower and more sustained than skeletal muscles, influenced by autonomic nerve impulses, hormones, and local metabolites. Cardiac muscle tissue, unique to the heart, combines skeletal and smooth muscle tissue features. It is striated like skeletal muscle but operates involuntarily like a smooth muscle. Cardiac muscle fibers are branched and connected by intercalated discs, allowing synchronized contractions necessary for adequate blood pumping. The properties of muscle tissue are discussed, highlighting their composition (approximately 75% water), primary energy sources (ATP, phosphocreatine, and glycogen), and various physiological functions. Muscle tissue is critical in movement, posture, joint stabilization, and thermoregulation. It also has unique cellular structures such as the sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, and sarcosomes. The innervation of muscles is crucial for their function, involving motor neurons that transmit impulses to muscle fibers, initiating contraction. The chapter delves into the detailed terminology of muscles, categorized based on factors such as shape, fiber orientation, location, function, size, length, and points of origin and insertion. Finally, the clinical information section emphasizes the importance of muscle anatomy in diagnosing and treating musculoskeletal disorders. It highlights the relevance of understanding muscle terminology and structure for effective medical interventions and rehabilitation.
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Solgun Dag, Selma. "Abdominal Muscles." In Clinical Anatomy of Muscle a Hand Book for Healthcare Professionals, 95–109. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358862.6.
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One of the main subjects of anatomy education is muscular system anatomy. Muscular system anatomy is the set of muscles that form the skeletal system in the human body and enable the body to move. In this section, the abdominal region extending between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below is discussed. Abdominal muscles and their clinical importance are explained. First of all, general information about the abdominal area is given. Then, topics such as abdominal wall topography, anterior - lateral - posterior abdominal wall anatomy and clinical information are explained respectively. In the anatomy of the anterior- lateral- posterior abdominal wall is explained the anterolateral wall muscles of the abdomen (external abdominal oblique muscle, internal abdominal oblique muscle, cremaster muscle, transversus abdominis muscle, rectus abdominis muscle, and pyramidalis muscle), and posterior wall muscles of the abdomen (quadratus lumborum muscle, iliac muscle, psoas major muscle, and psoas minor muscle), neural innervation of the muscles, their vessels (artery, vein, and lymphatic), the functions of the muscles, and the fascia layer surrounding the muscles and their extensions. At the same time, at the end of the topic, clinical information about this region is given and its connection with clinical situations and its importance in human life are tried to be emphasized. At the same time, at the end of the topic, clinical information about this region is given and its connection with clinical situations and its importance in human life are tried to be emphasized. At the end of the chapter, clinical information is given about abdominal muscle palpations, the clinical importance of fascial spaces in the abdominal wall, abdominal surgical interventions and incisions, hernias, abscesses and abdominal pain. While clinical information about abdominal muscles is given, the most common conditions encountered in the clinic are mentioned. A lot of research was done and various sources were used to write this section. The information in this section appeals to all readers who are interested in the abdominal muscles and clinic.
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Kilic Safak, Nazire, and Zekiye Karaca Bozdag. "Lower Limb Muscles." In Clinical Anatomy of Muscle a Hand Book for Healthcare Professionals, 153–73. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358862.9.
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The thigh (femur) is the first fixed segment of the free lower side and extends to the knee. The upper limit is in front of the groin, indicated posteriorly by the line of the plica glutealis. The lower limit is the line passing 4 cm (or 2 fingers) proximal to the base of the patella. The patella is the largest sesamoid bone and is attached to the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. It is examined in 4 parts: superior, inferior, anterior and posterior. It prevents the tendon of the quadriceps muscle from rubbing against the knee joint and increases the angle of insertion of the muscle. The knee joint is formed by the condyles of the femur and tibia, with the kneecap at the front of the joint. The fibula is not part of the joint. The bony surfaces that make up the joint are of different widths. Although it is flexible, it is more important for supporting weight. The leg skeleton is made up of two bones called the tibia and fibula. The tibia is in the inner-anterior part and the fibula is in the outer-posterior part. Only the tibia is joined to the femur. This makes it a thicker bone. In living things, the gap between two bones is closed by a membrane. The muscles of the lower limbs are essential for maintaining body movement and balance. These muscles play a role in walking, running, jumping and other daily activities. In addition, lower extremity muscles are essential for supporting body weight, maintaining balance and maintaining stability in various positions. These muscles, which have a complex anatomical structure, work together to optimise the body’s functions. Healthy and balanced lower extremity muscle function is essential for overall body performance and quality of life.
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Caon, Martin. "Muscles." In Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology, 173–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75599-1_8.
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Gustafson, Alicia, and Cory A. Newman. "Muscles." In Sports-related Fractures, Dislocations and Trauma, 619–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36790-9_35.
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Dudel, J. "Muscles." In Fundamentals of Neurophysiology, 126–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9553-9_5.
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Lin, Jinxing, Qiusheng Chen, and Jianhua Hu. "Muscles." In Color Atlas of Zebrafish Histology and Cytology, 283–90. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9852-1_14.
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Kroemer, Karl H. E., Hiltrud J. Kroemer, and Katrin E. Kroemer-Elbert. "Muscles." In Engineering Physiology, 31–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40627-1_2.
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Caon, Martin. "Muscles." In Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology, 143–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2332-3_8.
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Kroemer, Karl H. E., Hiltrud J. Kroemer, and Katrin E. Kroemer-Elbert. "Muscles." In Engineering Physiology, 27–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12883-7_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Muscles"
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Chen, Siqing, and He Xu. "Modeling, Analysis, and Function Extension of the McKibben Hydraulic Artificial Muscles." In BATH/ASME 2020 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2020-2741.
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Abstract Compared with rigid robots, flexible robots have soft and extensible bodies enforcing their abilities to absorb shock and vibration, hence reducing the impact of probable collisions. Due to their high adaptability and minimally invasive features, soft robots are used in various fields. The McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles are the most popular soft actuator because of the controllability of hydraulic actuator and high force to weight ratio. When its deformation reaches a certain level, the actuators can be stopped automatically without any other braking mechanism. The research of McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles is beneficial to the theoretical analysis of soft actuators in the mechanical system. The design of soft actuators with different deformations promotes the development of soft robots. In this paper, a static modeling of the McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles is established, and its correctness is verified by theoretical analysis and experiment. In this model, the deformation mechanism of the artificial muscle and the law of output force is put forward. The relationship between muscle pressure, load, deformation, and muscle design parameters is presented through the mechanical analysis of the braid, elastic tube, and sealed-end. The law of the muscle deformation with high pressure is predicted. The reason for the muscle’s tiny elongation with extremely high pressure is found through the analysis of the relationship between the angle of the braid, the length of single braided thread, and the pressure. With the increase of pressure, the angle of the braid tends to a fixed value. As the stress of braided thread increases, so does its length. The length changes obviously when the stress is extremely enormous. The angle of the braid and the length of the braided thread control the deformation of artificial muscles, resulting in a slight lengthening with extreme high pressure. Under normal pressure, the length of the braided wire is negligible, so that the entire muscle becomes shorter. According to the modeling and theoretical analysis, a new McKibben hydraulic artificial muscle that can elongate under normal rising pressure is designed. This artificial muscle can grow longer with pressure increases, eventually reaching its maximum length. During this time, its diameter barely changes. Its access pressure is higher than that of conventional elongated artificial muscles. Through experiments, the relationship between the muscle deformation, pressure, and load still conform to this theoretical model. This model can be used for the control of soft actuators and the design of new soft robots. This extensional McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles and the conventional McKibben hydraulic artificial muscles can be used in the bilateral control of soft robots.
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Qiu, Yingxin, Keerthana Murali, Jun Ueda, Atsushi Okabe, and Dalong Gao. "Variability in Muscle Recruitment Strategy Between Operators During Assisted Assembly Tasks." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9222.
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This paper reports the variability in muscle recruitment strategies among individuals who operate a non-powered lifting device for general assembly (GA) tasks. Support vector machine (SVM) was applied to the classification of motion states of operators using electromyography (EMG) signals collected from a total of 15 upper limb, lower limb, shoulder, and torso muscles. By comparing the classification performance and muscle activity features, variability in muscle recruitment strategy was observed from lower limb and torso muscles, while the recruitment strategies of upper limb and shoulder muscles were relatively consistent across subjects. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify key muscles that are highly correlated with body movements. Selected muscles at the wrist joint, ankle joint and scapula are considered to have greater significance in characterizing the muscle recruitment strategies than other investigated muscles. PCA loading factors also indicate the existence of body motion redundancy during typical pick-and-place tasks.
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Nagel, Vincent, Sarah Chu, Jack Forney, Lyle Kosinski, and Vimal Viswanathan. "Design and Control of an Assistive Bionic Joint for Leg Muscle Rehabilitation." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71143.
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This project aims to create an electronically powered and controlled knee brace to aid stroke victims with partial paralysis with their leg muscle rehabilitation process. The newly designed assistive bionic joint takes the functionality of the existing assistive knee braces to the next level by incorporating a control algorithm that uses sensor signals gathered from the patient’s leg muscles. Electromyography (EMG) is used for gathering impulse signals from electrodes placed on key muscles as inputs for the device. The action of each major leg muscle is replicated using a set of fluidic muscles that mimic the functionality of the actual leg muscles. A microcontroller is used to interpret sensor data and adjust the contraction length of the muscles, thereby providing the wearer with augmented strength and mobility. Initial testing of a proof-of-concept prototype has led to finite control over muscle contraction length based on sensor data and has a response time of 280ms from full extension to contraction. Further testing of the brace assembly, fluidic muscles and control system is conducted and the results indicate a 600ms response time due to a step input. This personalized, powered brace has many implications for the enrichment of muscle rehabilitation such as higher patient morale, more muscle activity, and shortened recovery times.
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Li, Siping, Anita N. Vasavada, and Scott L. Delp. "Effect of Cervical Spine Position on Moment-Generating Potentials of Neck Muscles." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0311.
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Abstract The stability of the head/neck system is achieved through the interplay of the passive ligamentous cervical spine and active neck musculature under neural control (Panjabi, 1992). Neck muscles provide forces and moments to generate movements of head/neck and maintain their stability. Many previous analyses have used muscle geometry at the neutral head position to calculate the forces and moments produced by the muscles. These studies, in general, have not examined how changes of muscle moment arms and muscle lengths affect their force and moment-generating capacities. It is yet not clear how the moment-generating capacities of individual neck muscles vary and how their relative contributions to total strength change with head/neck posture. Quantification of the moment-generating potentials of individual neck muscles at different positions of the cervical spine will provide insight into the contributions of the neck muscles to head movement and spine stabilization. The objective of this study was to quantify the variation of maximal isometric moment-generating potentials of neck muscles with flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation.
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Bondarenko, G. A., I. A. Solovyеva, and T. I. Trukhina. "DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF TRICHINELLA LARVAES IN MUSCLES OF WILD ANIMALS." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.57-61.
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Trichinellosis is a natural focal disease. Despite all sanitary and preventive measures, outbreaks of trichinellosis periodically occur in humans which is commonly caused by meat from wild animals that does not undergo veterinary and sanitary examination. In the Far Eastern Federal District, wild animals are hunted in inaccessible areas, over long distances from laboratories, and the provision of carcasses is problematic but identifying the most infected muscle groups is important for diagnosis. As a result of the research, the muscles most infected with Trichinella larvae were found in the common fox, wolf, badger, lynx and raccoon dog. The largest number of Trichinella larvae was concentrated in the hyoid muscle and the superficial digital flexor in the common fox; the superficial digital flexor and cranial tibial muscle in the wolf; and the hyoid muscle and the superficial digital flexor in the raccoon dog. The muscles most infected by Trichinella larvae were the hyoid muscle and muscle tissue of the tongue in badgers, and the hyoid and mastication muscles in lynxes. The above muscle groups may be recommended for selection in diagnostic studies for trichinellosis in corresponding species of wild animals in the Amur Region.
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Klodowski, Adam, Timo Rantalainen, Aki Mikkola, Prasun Dastidar, Ari Heinonen, and Harri Sievanen. "A Dynamic Simulation of a Human Gait Using the Hybrid Muscle Model and a QCT-Based Flexible Tibia." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86831.
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The flexible multibody simulation [9] approach can be used in a wide variety of engineering applications. In a previous study of authors [1], flexible multibody simulation approach was used to estimate strains during walking at tibial midshaft. In the previous study, simple muscle models were used in conjunction with a flexible tibia model based on magnetic resonance images (MRI). This study is an extension of the previous developments [1], [2] demonstrating the potential of model improvement by introducing hybrid muscle models, along with the flexible tibia based model on computed tomography (CT). The computed tomography technique allows for the accounting of inhomogeneous density and elasticity in the flexible bone model comparing to magnetic resonance which do not provide any information on material properties. Hybrid muscle configuration used in this study consists of electromyography (EMG) actuated simple muscles configured with open-loop control for soleus, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and rectus femoris muscles and closed-loop Hill-based muscles [13] for the remaining lower body muscles. Strain results introduced in the study show good correlation with previous studies.
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Gudavalli, Maruti R., Jerrilyn A. Backman, Steven J. Kirstukas, Anant V. Kadiyala, Avinash G. Patwardhan, and Alexander J. Ghanayem. "Electromyographic Activity of Trunk Muscles During Flexion-Distraction Treatment of Low Back Patients." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0473.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superficial muscles during the treatment of low back patients during a conservative procedure known as the Cox flexion-distraction procedure. A total of 33 low back pain patients were recruited for this study from chiropractic and allopathic orthopedic clinics. EMG signals were collected while the patient was in a prone relaxed position, during the treatment using the flexion-distraction procedure, and during maximum voluntary exertions in the three planes (flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending, and left and right twisting). The mean values of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of EMG ratios during treatment versus resting indicate that the muscles are active during the treatment. This activity is more than the activity at rest. However the mean values of the RMS EMG ratios (during treatment versus maximum voluntary contraction) are small indicating that the muscle activity during treatment may not influence the treatment loads. The left and right muscles in all muscle groups were similarly active. During the treatment, erector spinae muscles were the most active, followed by the external oblique, and the rectus abdominus muscles. The results from this study provide quantitative data for the muscle activity during the flexion-distraction treatment. This information can be incorporated into computer models to estimate the loads generated during the flexion-distraction treatment due to the muscle activity compared to the loads generated by the chiropractic physician.
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Georgiev, Yordan, Nezabravka Gencheva, and Todor Marinov. "RESEARCH OF HAMSTRINGS MUSCLES IN CHILDREN SPORTS KARATE." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/162.
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ABSTRACT The functional disorder of the hamstrings muscles is associated with prolonged sitting in a chair, poor posture, lack of motor activity and others. Maintaining elastic muscle tissue is an important factor for children practicing martial arts; karate in particular. This study has the purpose to examine hamstring muscles and their condition in children practicing karate. Methodology During the period between March - May 2022, we worked with 30 children in total, in the age group between 8-10 years old, who were practicing karate or boxing in clubs “Fighters”, located in the city of Varna, and club “Khan Krum”, located in the city of Shumen, respectively. For most accurate results, we formed two separate groups with 15 children each. The participants in our control group were training boxing, whilst the children in our experimental group were practicing karate. All 30 children had been training for a period of 6 months, practicing 2 times per week, one astronomical hour per session. At the beginning of every training session with our experimental group, we treated the hamstring muscles of the participants with post-isometric relaxation. To conclude our findings, we assessed the condition of the hamstring muscles of all 30 children at the beginning and end of the study period, utilizing the method of Laseg and a Seat Test with outstretched legs on the floor with a slope to the toes. Results The results at the end of the study period show that the functional deficit of the hamstring muscles continues to be present in 11 children training boxing. In comparison, only five out of 11 initially diagnosed children with hamstring muscle imbalance from our experimental group showed signs of no improvement. Conclusion The results of this study prove the hypothesis that practicing karate with the inclusion of PIR leads to improved elasticity of the hamstring muscles. The proper selection of physiotherapeutic methods and their regular application could not only heal hamstring muscle stiffness but it could also prevent it, if applied from an early age.
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Moreira, Ana Lucila, Rodrigo Holanda Mendonça, Graziela Jorge Polido, Marcos Castello Barbosa Oliveira, André Macedo Serafim Silva, and Edmar Zanoteli. "Muscle ultrasound changes correlate with functional impairment in spinal muscular atrophy." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.437.
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Introduction: We investigated ultrasound patterns of muscle involvement in different types of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and their correlation with functional status to determine the pattern of muscle compromise in SMA patients and the potential role of ultrasound to evaluate disease progression. Methods: We examined muscles (biceps brachii, rectus femoris, diaphragm, intercostals and thoracic multifidus) of 41 patients with SMA (types 1 to 4) and 46 healthy age, and sex-matched controls using B-mode ultrasound for grey scale analysis (GSA), area (biceps brachii and rectus femoris) and diaphragm thickening ratio. Functional scales were applied to patients only. We analyzed ultrasound abnormalities in specific clinical subtypes and correlated findings with functional status. Results: Compared to controls, patients had reduced muscle area and increased mean GSA for all muscles (P < 0.001), with a stablished correlation between the increase in GSA and the severity of SMA for biceps brachii, rectus femoris and intercostals (P = 0.03, 0.01 and 0.004 respectively) when using Hammersmith Motor Functional Scale Expanded. Diaphragm thickening ratio was normal in the majority patients, and intercostal muscles had higher GSA than diaphragm, in relation to the controls. Conclusion: Ultrasound is useful for quantifying muscular changes in SMA and correlates with functional status. Diaphragm thickening ratio can be normal even with severe compromise of respiratory muscles in quantitative analysis, and intercostal muscles were more affected than diaphragm.
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Dorn, Tim W., Yi-Chung Lin, Anthony G. Schache, and Marcus G. Pandy. "Which Muscles Power the Human Running Stride?" In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80065.
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Running is a physically demanding activity that requires explosive delivery of muscle power to the ground during stance, and precise, yet rapid limb coordination during swing. In particular, as running speed increases, greater metabolic energy in the form of muscle mechanical work is required to power the motion of: i) the center-of-mass (i.e., external power); and ii) the individual limb segments (i.e., internal power) [1,2]. The purpose of this study was to quantify the contributions that individual muscles make to the external and internal power of the body across a range of running speeds so as to identify the key muscle groups in coordinating a full running stride.
Reports on the topic "Muscles"
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Kanner, Joseph, Dennis Miller, Ido Bartov, John Kinsella, and Stella Harel. The Effect of Dietary Iron Level on Lipid Peroxidation of Muscle Food. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604282.bard.
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Biological oxidations are almost exclusively metal ion-promoted reactions and in ths respect iron, being the most abundant, is the commonly involved. The effect of dietary iron levels on pork, turkey and chick muscle lipid peroxidation and various other related compounds were evaluated. Crossbred feeder pigs were fed to market weight on corn-soy rations containing either 62, 131 or 209 ppm iron. After slaughter, the muscles were dissected, cooked and stored at 4°C. Heavily fortifying swine rations with iron (>200 ppm) increase nn-heme iron (NHI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and decrease a-tocopherol in cooked stored pork but did not increase warmed-over aroma (WOA). NHI and TBARS were higher in cooked pork from pigs fed high-iron diets. Liver iron correlated with muscle iron. TBARS were strongly related with WOA. The role of dietary vitamin E and ascorbic acid on Fe-induced in vivo lipid peroxidation in swine was also evaluated. Moderate elevation in iron stores had a marked effect on oxidative stress, especially as indicated by liver TBARS. Supplemental vitamin E, and to a lesser extent vitamin C, protect against this oxidative stress. Unsupplementation of Fe in the regular diet of turkeys did not affect body weight, blood hemoglobin level, or iron pool in the liver or muscle. The reason being that it contained "natural" ~120 mg Fe/kg feed, and this amount is high enough to keep constant the pool of iron in the body, liver or muscle tissues. Only Fe-supplementation with high amounts of Fe (500 ppm) significantly increased turkey blood hemoglobin and total iron in the liver, in 1 out of 3 experiments, but only slightly affects iron pool in the muscles. It seems that the liver accumulates very high concentations of iron and significantly regulates iron concentration in skeletal muscles. For this reason, it was very difficult to decrease muscle stability in turkeys through a diet containing high levels of Fe-supplementation. It was shown that the significant increase in the amount of iron (total and "free") in the muscle by injections with Fe-dextran accelerated its lipid peroxidation rate and decreased its a-tocopherol concentration. The level and metabolism of iron in the muscles affects the intensity of in vivo lipid peroxidation. This process was found to ifluence the turnover and accumulation of a-tocopherol in turkey and chick muscles. Treatments which could significantly decrease the amount and metabolism of iron pool in muscle tissues (or other organs) may affect the rate of lipid peroxidation and the turnover of a-tocopherol. Several defense enzymes were determined and found in the turkey muscle, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase was more active in muscles with a high trend of lipid peroxidation, lmore so in drumsticks than in breast muscles, or muscles with a low a-tocopherol content. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased several fold in muscle stored at 4°C. Our work demonstrated that it will be much more practical to increase the stability of muscle tissues in swine, turkeys and chickens during storage and processing by increasing the amount of vitamin E in the diet than by withdrawing iron supplementation.
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Anderson, Mark J., Steven M. Lonergan, and Elisabeth J. Huff-Lonergan. Round Muscle Profiling: Management of Tenderness and Sensory Improvement of Specific Muscles with Aging. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1232.
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Anderson, Mark J., Trisha Grevengoed, Steven M. Lonergan, and Elisabeth J. Huff-Lonergan. Proteomic Analysis of Bovine Muscles during Aging. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1244.
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Marple, Dennis N., Joseph G. Sebranek, and Ben Huisinga. Isolating Tender Muscles in the Pork Shoulder. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-14.
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C. Uy, Genevieve, Raymond L. Rosales, and Satish Khadilkar. Myopathies in Clinical Care: A Focus on Treatable Causes. Progress in Neurobiology, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.60124/j.pneuro.2024.10.01.
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Myopathies present a wide range of clinical symptoms that affect the skeletal muscles, including weakness, fatigue, and pain. While acquired myopathies receive significant attention due to the availability of treatment options, it is important to note that some inherited myopathies can also be effectively managed. These myopathies can be classified based on their underlying causes, such as infectious agents, autoimmune disorders leading to muscle inflammation, granulomatous inflammation, metabolic abnormalities within the muscle cells, skeletal muscle channel dysfunctions, prolonged ICU stay, and inherited conditions such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In this review, we initially present a clinical approach to neuromuscular diseases and subsequently place specific emphasis on myopathies, particularly to those that have treatment options available.
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Baughman, Ray. Fuel-Powered Artificial Muscles for the Robotic Soldier. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482081.
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Baughman, Ray, and Michael Kozlov. High Performance Artificial Muscles Using Nanofiber and Hybrid Yarns. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622843.
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Jalil, Yorschua, and Ruvistay Gutierrez. Myokines secretion and their role in critically ill patients. A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0048.
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Review question / Objective: 1-How and by which means stimulated muscle from critically ill patients can liberate myokines?, 2-Which are the main characteristics of the critically ill population studied and if some of these influenced myokine´s secretion?, 5-Can myokines exert local or distant effects in critically ill patients?, 5-Which are the potential effects of myokines in critically ill patients? Eligibility criteria: Participants and context: We will include primary studies (randomized or non-randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case report) that consider hospitalized critically ill adult patients (18 years or older) in risk for developing some degree of neuromuscular disorders such as ICU-AW, diaphragmatic dysfunction, or muscle weakness, therefore the specific setting will be critical care. Concept: This review will be focused on studies regarding the secretion or measure of myokines or similar (exerkines, cytokines or interleukin) by any mean of muscle activation or muscle contraction such as physical activity, exercise or NMES, among others. The latter strategies must be understood as any mean by which muscle, and there for myocytes, are stimulated as result of muscle contraction, regardless of the frequency, intensity, time of application and muscle to be stimulated (upper limb, lower limb, thoracic or abdominal muscles). We also will consider myokine´s effects, local or systemic, over different tissues in terms of their structure or function, such as myocytes function, skeletal muscle mass and strength, degree of muscle wasting or myopathies, among others.
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Anderson, Mark J., Jennifer Binning, Steven M. Lonergan, and Elisabeth J. Huff-Lonergan. Postmortem Degradation of Desmin in Specific Muscles from the Beef Round. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1236.
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Dikova, Natalia N., Galya T. Stavreva, Natalia A. Prisadova, and Radomir G. Radomirov. Nonadrenergic Noncholinergic Ascending Reflex Motility of Colonic Longitudinal and Circular Muscles. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.04.16.
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