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Bohannon, Richard W. "Muscle strength." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 18, no. 5 (September 2015): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mco.0000000000000202.
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Orr, Ann. "Muscle Strength." Physiotherapy 80, no. 7 (July 1994): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)60805-x.
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Henderson, Adrienne D., A. Wayne Johnson, Lindsey G. Rasmussen, Weston P. Peine, Sydney H. Symons, Kade A. Scoresby, Sarah T. Ridge, and Dustin A. Bruening. "Early-Stage Diabetic Neuropathy Reduces Foot Strength and Intrinsic but Not Extrinsic Foot Muscle Size." Journal of Diabetes Research 2020 (March 12, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9536362.
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Background. Tracking progression of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPN) is usually focused on sensory nerves and subjective testing methods. Recent studies have suggested that distal muscle atrophy may precede sensation loss. Methods to objectively measure distal muscle size and strength are needed to help understand how neuropathy affects muscle function. Purpose. To evaluate individual intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle sizes and functional foot strength in participants with DPN. Methods. Thirty individuals participated in this cross-sectional study (15 DPN and 15 matched controls). Sizes of 10 separate muscles of the lower leg and foot were measured using ultrasound imaging. Functional foot strength was also quantified using custom great toe and lateral toe flexion tests along with a doming test. Muscle size and strength metrics were compared between groups using ANOVAs and paired t-tests (α=0.05). Correlations between strength and relevant muscle sizes were also evaluated. Results. The sizes of all four intrinsic foot muscles were smaller in individuals with DPN (p≤0.03), while only one (toe extensor) of the six extrinsic muscles was smaller (p<0.01). Great toe flexion (p=0.03) and lateral toe flexion (p<0.01) strengths were decreased between groups and showed moderate to strong correlations (0.43≤r≤0.80) with several corresponding intrinsic muscle sizes. The doming strength test did not show any difference between groups and was moderately correlated with one muscle size (r=0.59). Conclusion. Diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy affects intrinsic muscles before extrinsics. Ultrasound imaging of individual muscles and functional toe flexion tests can be used clinically to monitor DPN progression and foot function. Participants need to be trained in the doming test before a relationship can be established between this test and DPN foot function. Future studies should include muscle quality measurements to better understand characteristics of affected muscles.
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Ryabov, Sergey N., and Georgy V. Funtikov. "Strength work and strength endurance Part 1." Physical Education and University Sport 2, no. 4 (November 22, 2023): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2782-4594-2023-2-4-414-419.
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The purpose of the research is to study the possibilities of increasing the physical strength of an athlete through special exercises. An increase in endurance during physical exertion in relation to strength sports and martial arts is also separately considered. The physiological aspects of the work of human muscles are analyzed, on which the power traction of the muscle and the possibility of prolonged work under load depend. Myofibrils and mitochondria located in muscle fibers are chosen as the main object of the study. Since the fibers inside the muscle are divided into two main types – i.e. “fast” and “slow” – and it is believed that fast fibers are much stronger than slow ones, and slow ones are more enduring than fast ones, different training methods are offered for those and others. The directions of the training process for increasing physical strength and strength endurance are determined.
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Zuša, Anna, Jānis Lanka, Lenīds Čupriks, and Irēna Dravniece. "A DESCRIPTIVE PROFILE OF ISOMETRIC MUSCLE STRENGTH AND MUSCLE STRENGTH IMBALANCE IN YOUNG TENNIS PLAYERS." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 4, no. 99 (2015): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v4i99.103.
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Background. Tennis is assumed as asymmetric sport, prolonged training practice could affect muscle strength imbalance. Muscle strength functional ratio imbalance could be a reason for poor posture, physical weakness and increased risk of injury. The purpose of the research was to evaluate young tennis players’ main muscle group strength topography and to investigate the level of different muscles groups’ bi-lateral and contra-lateral imbalance. Methods. The participants of the study were six young right handed competitive tennis players (girls, age 11.4 ± 0.5 years, tennis experience 4.7 ± 0.6 years). Examination of main muscles groups was performed with an isokinetic dynamometer. Results. Young tennis players have pronounced bi-lateral imbalance between shoulder joint extensors and flexors (25%), internal and external rotators (36%), left elbow flexors and extensors (58%), wrist pronator and supinator (the right hand 17%, left 48%), hip flexors and extensors (35%); knee joint flexors and extensors (60%); ankle dorsal flexors and plantar flexors (59%); spine and abdominal muscles (48%). It was detected that young tennis players have pronounced contra-lateral imbalance between right and left internal rotators of the shoulder joint (27%) and external rotators (26%), wrist joint supinators (41%). Conclusions. To avoid the increase in muscle bi-lateral imbalance it is highly recommended to pay more attention to shoulder adductors and shoulder external rotators, elbow flexors and extensors, wrist supinators and extensors, knee extensors, ankle plantar flexors and spine flexors. For contra-lateral imbalance prevention in addition to train non-dominant upper extremity muscles: shoulder internal and external rotators, wrist supinators.
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Hara, Koji, Haruka Tohara, Kobayashi Kenichiro, Kohei Yamaguchi, Chantaramanee Ariya, Kanako Yoshimi, Ayako Nakane, and Shunsuke Minakuchi. "Association between tongue muscle strength and masticatory muscle strength." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 46, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joor.12737.
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Maciejewska-Skrendo, Agnieszka, Katarzyna Leźnicka, Agata Leońska-Duniec, Michal Wilk, Aleksandra Filip, Paweł Cięszczyk, and Marek Sawczuk. "Genetics of Muscle Stiffness, Muscle Elasticity and Explosive Strength." Journal of Human Kinetics 74, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0027.
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Abstract Muscle stiffness, muscle elasticity and explosive strength are the main components of athletes’ performance and they show a sex-based as well as ethnicity variation. Muscle stiffness is thought to be one of the risk factors associated with sports injuries and is less common in females than in males. These observations may be explained by circulating levels of sex hormones and their specific receptors. It has been shown that higher levels of estrogen are associated with lower muscle stiffness responsible for suppression of collagen synthesis. It is thought that these properties, at least in part, depend on genetic factors. Particularly, the gene encoding estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) is one of the candidates that may be associated with muscle stiffness. Muscle elasticity increases with aging and there is evidence suggesting that titin (encoded by the TTN gene), a protein that is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles, is one of the factors responsible for elastic properties of the muscles. Mutations in the TTN gene result in some types of muscular dystrophy or cardiomyopathy. In this context, TTN may be regarded as a promising candidate for studying the elastic properties of muscles in athletes. The physiological background of explosive strength depends not only on the muscle architecture and muscle fiber composition, but also on the central nervous system and functionality of neuromuscular units. These properties are, at least partly, genetically determined. In this context, the ACTN3 gene code for α-actinin 3 has been widely researched.
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Kristensen, Otto H., Egon Stenager, and Ulrik Dalgas. "Muscle Strength and Poststroke Hemiplegia: A Systematic Review of Muscle Strength Assessment and Muscle Strength Impairment." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 98, no. 2 (February 2017): 368–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.05.023.
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Marchant, J. N., and D. M. Broom. "Effects of dry sow housing conditions on muscle weight and bone strength." Animal Science 62, no. 1 (February 1996): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800014387.
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AbstractConfinement has been shown to affect bone strenth in poultry but this weakness has not been documented in other species housed in confinement. The objectives of this experiment were to compare muscle weight and bone strength in non-pregnant sows, of similar age and parity, housed throughout eight or nine pregnancies in two different dry sow systems: (1) individually in stalls and (2) communally in a large group. Following slaughter, the left thoracic and pelvic limbs were dissected and 14 locomotor muscles removed and c. ???lied. A proportional muscle weight was then calculated by dividing individual muscle weight (g) by total body weight (kg). Where there were significant differences, stall-housed sows had lower absolute and proportional muscle weights than group-housed sows. The left humerus and femur were also removed. The bones were broken by a three-point bend test using an Instron Universal Tester. Both bones from stall-housed sows had breaking strengths that were about two-thirds those of group-housed sows. The results indicate that confinement of sows, with a consequent lack of exercise, results in reduction of muscle weight and considerable reduction of bone strength.
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Bhattacharjya, Jolly, Reeta Baishya, and Bijit Dutta. "Analysis of muscle strength and endurance in healthy young adults and association of muscle strength with muscle endurance." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191694.
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Background: Muscle strength has been studied as a predictor of general health and many diseases. Data on muscle strength of healthy adults are scarce in Assam. Aim of the study was to describe normative data for hand grip muscle strength and endurance among healthy young males and females of age group 18-21. Also, to find out any correlation between muscles strength and endurance.Methods: We have selected 79 healthy volunteers of both sexes of age group 18-21 years. We have measured muscle strength by hand grip dynamometer. Muscle endurance was calculated by asking the subjects to hold the dynamometer at one third of their muscle strength as long as they can.Results: In this study there were 46 males and 33 females. Mean muscle strength among the males is 27.09(SD7.05) and among the females is 10.76(SD6.19). Similarly mean endurance among males is 41.78(SD31.72) and among females is 16.15(SD9.81). These higher values of muscle strength and endurance in males are statistically significant. We have also found positive correlation between muscle strength and endurance in both the sexes.Conclusions: In this study we have seen that muscle strength and endurance of healthy young males are more than that of females. And also, muscle endurance increases with increase in muscle strength.
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Matitaputty, Johanna. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARM MUSCLE STRENGTH AND LEG MUSCLE STRENGTH TOWARDS 50-METER FREESTYLE SWIMMING SPEED." EDU SCIENCES JOURNAL 1, no. 3 (December 5, 2020): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/edusciencesvol1iss3pp198-207.
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This study aims to determine the relationship between arm muscle strength and leg muscle strength towards 50-meter freestyle swimming speed of Physical Education Students Major, at FKIP Unpatti Ambon. Based on the results of the analysis of leg muscle strength variables with a swimming speed of 50 meters crawl stroke of male students in Health and Sport Study Program of FKIP Unpatti Ambon Fcount = 3,61 > Ftable (dk = 28 and α = 0,05) = 1,70 at the level α = 0.05 and means the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Based on the analysis of the variable arm muscle strength with a swimming speed of 50 meters crawl stroke of male students in Health and Sport Study Program of FKIP Unpatti Ambon, the results obtained Fcount = 3,47 > Ftable (dk = 28 and α = 0,05) = 1.70 at the level α = 0,05 and means the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Based on the analysis of the relationship between leg muscle strength, arm muscle strength, and swimming speed 50 meters crawl stroke of male students in Health and Sport Study Program of FKIP Unpatti Ambon, the result obtained Fcount = 14,99 > Ftable (dk = 28 and α = 0,05) = 1,70 at the level α = 0,05 and means the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. Thus, the stronger the leg muscles and arm muscles, the better the crawl stroke speed of students of the Health and Sport Study Program of FKIP Unpatti Ambon
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Jaric, Slobodan. "Muscle Strength Testing." Sports Medicine 32, no. 10 (2002): 615–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232100-00002.
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Riswandi, Moh Ardana, Diyah Ayu Widyaningrum, and As’ad Syamsul Arifin. "The Relationship Between Arm Muscle Strength and Abs to Upper Service Ability in Volleyball Games Pogar State Elementary School Students of Bangil." PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN KEOLAHRAGAAN 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/prosiding_penjas_pjkribu.v1i1.2340.
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Service is the first step in starting a volleyball game, so elements that can support service are needed. In addition to regular training, the elements of arm muscle strength and abdominal muscle strength are the capital to be able to do service in volleyball games. The problem in this study is whether there is a relationship between the strength of the arm muscles and abdominal muscles with the ability to serve on the volleyball game for the students of SD Negeri Pogar Bangil. The population of this study were all students of SD Negeri Pogar Bangil. The sample of this research is the fifthgrade students of SD Negeri Pogar Bangil.This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of correlation research (relationship). The data are push-up test data for arm muscle strength and sit-up test for abdominal muscle strength. The data analysis technique used in this research is to use the product moment correlation formula from Karl Pearson and the contribution of the predictor. The results showed that r xy = 0.972 for the arm muscle strength variable, and r xy = 0.892 for the abdominal muscle strength variable. There is a significant relationship between the strength of the arm and abdominal muscles with the ability to serve on volleyball for the students of SD Negeri Pogar Bangil. The calculation of the predictor contribution shows that the total contribution is 95.900, namely the contribution of the arm muscle strength variable at 71.347 and the abdominal muscle strength variable at 24.553, so that the arm muscle strength variable has a greater relationship than the abdominal muscle strength variable to the top service ability in volleyball games.
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Hershenson, M. B., Y. Kikuchi, and S. H. Loring. "Relative strengths of the chest wall muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 852–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.2.852.
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We hypothesized that during maximal respiratory efforts involving the simultaneous activation of two or more chest wall muscles (or muscle groups), differences in muscle strength require that the activity of the stronger muscle be submaximal to prevent changes in thoracoabdominal configuration. Furthermore we predicted that maximal respiratory pressures are limited by the strength of the weaker muscle involved. To test these hypotheses, we measured the pleural pressure, abdominal pressure (Pab), and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) generated during maximal inspiratory, open-glottis and closed-glottis expulsive, and combined inspiratory and expulsive maneuvers in four adults. We then determined the activation of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles during selected maximal respiratory maneuvers, using electromyography and phrenic nerve stimulation. In all subjects, the Pdi generated during maximal inspiratory efforts was significantly lower than the Pdi generated during open-glottis expulsive or combined efforts, suggesting that rib cage, not diaphragm, strength limits maximal inspiratory pressure. Similarly, at high lung volumes, the Pab generated during closed-glottis expulsive efforts was significantly greater than that generated during open-glottis efforts, suggesting that the latter pressure is limited by diaphragm, not abdominal muscle, strength. As predicted, diaphragm activation was submaximal during maximal inspiratory efforts, and abdominal muscle activation was submaximal during open-glottis expulsive efforts at midlung volume. Additionally, assisting the inspiratory muscles of the rib cage with negative body-surface pressure significantly increased maximal inspiratory pressure, whereas loading the rib cage muscles with rib cage compression decreased maximal inspiratory pressure. We conclude that activation of the chest wall muscles during static respiratory efforts is determined by the relative strengths and mechanical advantage of the muscles involved.
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Dahlqvist, Julia R., Sofie T. Oestergaard, Nanna S. Poulsen, Carsten Thomsen, and John Vissing. "Refining the spinobulbar muscular atrophy phenotype by quantitative MRI and clinical assessments." Neurology 92, no. 6 (January 4, 2019): e548-e559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006887.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the phenotypic features, with emphasis on muscle, in 40 patients with spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) using quantitative MRI, stationary dynamometry, questionnaires, and functional tests.MethodsPatients with genetically confirmed SBMA were included. MRI was used to describe muscle involvement and quantify muscle fat fractions of arm, back, and leg muscles. Muscle strength was assessed with a stationary dynamometer. All patients were evaluated with the SBMA functional rating scale and the 6-minute walk test among others. MRI and muscle strength results were compared with healthy controls.ResultsForty patients with SBMA were included. The muscle fat content was significantly higher in patients with SBMA than in controls: paraspinal fat fraction was 45% vs 33% in controls, thigh fat fraction 36% vs 14%, calf fat fraction 37% vs 15%, upper arm fat fraction 20% vs 8%, and forearm fat fraction was 20% vs 9%. Muscle strength in patients was reduced to approximately half of that in controls in all muscles. Muscle fat content correlated with muscle strength, SBMA functional rating scale score, and 6-minute walk test distance.ConclusionsOur results show that there is a diffuse muscle involvement pattern in SBMA. Leg muscles are more vulnerable than arm muscles, especially the posterior flexor muscles. The muscle fat content correlates with muscle function and disease severity.
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Li, Zongzhen. "ISOKINETIC MUSCLE STRENGTH TESTING AND TECHNOLOGY OF TRAINING IN SPORTS MEDICINE." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 28, no. 6 (December 2022): 757–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228062022_0050.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Current research in sports medicine on muscles adjacent to joints in patients with joint instability focuses on functional instability. However, few studies on muscle strength in the muscles adjacent to the joints in typical patients. Objective This study tests the changes in isokinetic muscle strength in flexion-extension muscle groups in common subjects’ knees and elbows. Methods Randomly selected ordinary citizens to perform isokinetic muscle strength testing with grip strength, explosive pedaling force, and elbow and knee joint movement speeds of 60°/s. Results The single work of the normal knee flexors and extensors decreases with test speed at different movement speeds. Conclusion The grip strength test and isokinetic pedaling test can be used as simple muscle strength tests for fitness monitoring. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.
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Shvets, L., V. Novoseletskyi, I. Shapoval, L. Perebetiuk, V. Khomenko, and M. Stanislavchuk. "AB1172 SHINS MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1816.3–1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.2595.
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BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease known as a common source of pain and disability globally. OA is among the top 10 causes of physical disability in the elderly population. Loss of muscle mass and lower extremity muscle dysfunction are independently associated with progression of OA and reduction in health status.ObjectivesThe investigation was aimed at studying the condition of flexor/extensor shin muscles in patients with knee OA, serum leptin concentrations and analyze correlations between them by statistical methods.MethodsThe study involved 71 patients with knee OA and 32 persons from the control group. There was measured the isometric strength of the flexor/extensor shin muscles and measured leptin serum levels. Muscle strength was measured by using an isokinetic device, approved by a state enterprise “Ukrainian Intellectual Property Institute” (patent #81950). All patients were performed common clinical investigations (complaints, medical history, physical examination data) laboratory, instrumental (knee joint X-ray) examinations, and statistical analysis methods were used.Results: It was established that the age of OA patients included in the study ranged from 30 to 76 years and averaged 57,60 ± 11,69 years, and 32 % of the examined patients had had the history disease from 6 to 10 years, and 90,4 % of them suffered from excessive body weight or obesity of a certain degree.The study of maximal isometric force of flexor/extensor muscles of both shins revealed a significant reduction in the muscle strength in OA patients compared with the individuals from the control group. Thus, apparently healthy individuals had the strength of shin flexor muscles (min-max) within 9,6 – 16,9 kg, while the extensors muscles showed 12,6 – 22,5 kg. The OA patients had the strength of both shin muscle groups within the range of 0,7 – 12,1 kg for the flexor group, and 3,3 – 20,3 kg for extensor muscles. At the same time, like in the control group, the strength of the extensor muscles appeared to be higher than the one of the flexors.The calculated total muscle strength (the sum of the flexor and extensor muscle strength of both limbs) in OA patients was 31,97 ± 9,2 kg, whereas in the apparently healthy persons it was 58,65 ± 6,59 kg (p <0,001). The calculated specific muscle strength (the ratio of the total strength to the patient’s BMI) in OA patients was 1,03 ± 0,32 kg against 2,21 ± 0,24 kg in the control group (p <0,001). The above data suggest that OA patients were characterized by a decrease in specific muscle strength, not only in total muscle strength. The total force of muscles of patients in relation to healthy individuals was 1,8 times less, the specific force was less 2,2 times.Using the correlation analysis, we established that there was no correlation between the total muscle strength and OA patients` blood leptin (r = -0,05, p>0,05), however, an inverse correlation between the specific force muscle and leptin concentration (r = -0,2, p = 0,09) was found.Instead, in the control group a statistically unreliable direct correlation between the total muscle strength and leptin level (r = 0,12, p>0,05), and the inverse statistically significant association between the specific strength and the leptin concentration (r = -0,412, p<0,05) were revealed. Such an inverse correlation undeniably suggests that the negative effect of leptin on the condition of muscle tissue and the blood elevation thereof is associated with a decrease in muscle strength. At the same time, a significantly lower coefficient of correlation between leptin concentrations and the specific strength of patients` muscles indicates that, in addition to leptin, the disease itself (OA) makes a significant contribution to the reduction of muscle strength.ConclusionUnderstanding the role of the flexor/extensor shin muscles dysfunction in the pathogenesis of knee OA may help to improve further management approaches.REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Nasrulloh, Ahmad, and Iswadi Sigit Wicaksono. "Latihan bodyweight dengan total-body resistance exercise (TRX) dapat meningkatkan kekuatan otot." Jurnal Keolahragaan 8, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jk.v8i1.31208.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan bodyweight dengan Total-body Resistance Exercise (TRX) terhadap Peningkatan Kekuatan Otot. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen. Desain penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan one-group pretest-posttest design. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah members The Fitlab Hotel Tara. Instrumen yang digunakan leg and back dynamometer untuk mengukur kekuatan otot tungkai dan punggung, hand grip dynamometer untuk mengukur kekuatan otot tangan, dan pull and push dynamometer untuk mengukur kekuatan menarik dan mendorong otot lengan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji hipotesis dengan analisis uji t (paired sample t test). Hasil penelitian diperoleh persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan otot tungkai sebesar 6,88 %, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan otot punggung sebesar 10,17%, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan otot tangan sebesar 10,4%, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan menarik otot lengan sebesar 8,67%, persentase peningkatan pada kekuatan mendorong otot lengan sebesar 11,26%. Dengan demikian disimpulkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan latihan bodyweight dengan total-body resistance exercise (TRX) terhadap peningkatan kekuatan otot yang meliputi peningkatan kekuata otot tungkai, kekuatan otot punggung, kekuatan otot tangan, kekuatan menarik otot lengan, dan kekuatan mendorong otot lengan. The bodyweight training with total-body resistance exercise (TRX) can be improving of muscle strength AbstractThis research aims to determine the effect of bodyweight training with Total-body Resistance Exercise (TRX) to the Improvement of Muscle Strength. This research used experimental research methods. The research design in this study was using one-group pretest-posttest design. The subject of the study is members of The Fitlab Tara Hotel. The instruments that have been used are leg and back dynamometer for measure the leg and back muscle strength, hand grip dynamometer for measure the hand muscle strength, and pull and push dynamometer for measure the pulling and pushing arm muscle strength. Data analysis techniques used hypothesis testing with t test analysis (paired sample t test). Based on the results of the study obtained, the percentage increase in leg muscle strength is 6.88%, the percentage increase in back muscle strength is 10.17%, the percentage increase in the hand muscle Strength is 10.4%, the percentage increase in the strength of pulling arm muscles is 8,67%, the percentage increase in the strength of pushing arm muscles is 11.26%. Thus, it was concluded that there was a significant effect of bodyweight training with total-body resistance exercise (TRX) on increasing muscle strength including increased strength of leg muscles, strength of back muscles, strength of hand muscles, strength of pulling arm muscles, and strength of pushing arm muscles.
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Andrade, Marilia Santos, Carolina Ribeiro Lopes Ferrer, Rodrigo Luiz Vancini, Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis, Beat Knechtle, Thomas Rosemann, André Luis Lacerda Bachi, Aldo Seffrin, and Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira. "The Effect of Muscle Strength on Marathon Race-Induced Muscle Soreness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 11258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111258.
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Background: Muscle soreness after a competition or a training session has been a concern of runners due to its harmful effect on performance. It is not known if stronger individuals present a lower level of muscle soreness after a strenuous physical effort. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the pre-race muscle strength or the V˙O2max level can predict muscle soreness 24, 48 and 72 h after a full marathon in men. Methods: Thirty-one marathon runners participated in this study (age, 40.8 ± 8.8 years old; weight, 74.3 ± 10.4 kg; height, 174.2 ± 7.6 cm; maximum oxygen uptake, V˙O2max, 57.7 ± 6.8 mL/kg/min). The isokinetic strength test for thigh muscles and the V˙O2max level was performed 15–30 days before the marathon and the participants were evaluated for the subjective feeling of soreness before, 24, 48 and 72 h after the marathon. Results: The participants presented more pain 24 h after the race (median = 3, IQR = 1) than before it (median = 0, IQR = 0) (p < 0.001), and the strength values for the knee extensor muscles were significantly associated with muscle soreness assessed 24 h after the race (p = 0.028), but not 48 (p = 0.990) or 72 h (p = 0.416) after the race. The V˙O2max level was not associated with the muscle pain level at any moment after the marathon. Conclusions: Marathon runners who presented higher muscular strength for the knee extensor muscles presented lower muscle soreness 24 h after the race, but not after 48 h or 72 h after the race. Therefore, the muscle soreness level 3 days after a marathon race does not depend on muscle strength.
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Harmon, Brennan T., E. Funda Orkunoglu-Suer, Kasra Adham, Justin S. Larkin, Heather Gordish-Dressman, Priscilla M. Clarkson, Paul D. Thompson, et al. "CCL2 and CCR2 variants are associated with skeletal muscle strength and change in strength with resistance training." Journal of Applied Physiology 109, no. 6 (December 2010): 1779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00633.2010.
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Baseline muscle size and muscle adaptation to exercise are traits with high variability across individuals. Recent research has implicated several chemokines and their receptors in the pathogenesis of many conditions that are influenced by inflammatory processes, including muscle damage and repair. One specific chemokine, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), is expressed by macrophages and muscle satellite cells, increases expression dramatically following muscle damage, and increases expression further with repeated bouts of exercise, suggesting that CCL2 plays a key role in muscle adaptation. The present study hypothesizes that genetic variations in CCL2 and its receptor ( CCR2) may help explain muscle trait variability. College-aged subjects [ n = 874, Functional Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Muscle Size and Strength (FAMUSS) cohort] underwent a 12-wk supervised strength-training program for the upper arm muscles. Muscle size (via MR imaging) and elbow flexion strength (1 repetition maximum and isometric) measurements were taken before and after training. The study participants were then genotyped for 11 genetic variants in CCL2 and five variants in CCR2. Variants in the CCL2 and CCR2 genes show strong associations with several pretraining muscle strength traits, indicating that inflammatory genes in skeletal muscle contribute to the polygenic system that determines muscle phenotypes. These associations extend across both sexes, and several of these genetic variants have been shown to influence gene regulation.
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Boccia, Gennaro, Samuel D'Emanuele, Paolo Riccardo Brustio, Luca Beratto, Cantor Tarperi, Roberto Casale, Tommaso Sciarra, and Alberto Rainoldi. "Strength Asymmetries Are Muscle-Specific and Metric-Dependent." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 8495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148495.
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We investigated if dominance affected upper limbs muscle function, and we calculated the level of agreement in asymmetry direction across various muscle-function metrics of two heterologous muscle groups. We recorded elbow flexors and extensors isometric strength of the dominant and non-dominant limb of 55 healthy adults. Participants performed a series of explosive contractions of maximal and submaximal amplitudes to record three metrics of muscle performance: maximal voluntary force (MVF), rate of force development (RFDpeak), and RFD-Scaling Factor (RFD-SF). At the population level, the MVF was the only muscle function that showed a difference between the dominant and non-dominant sides, being on average slightly (3–6%) higher on the non-dominant side. At the individual level, the direction agreement among heterologous muscles was poor for all metrics (Kappa values ≤ 0.15). When considering the homologous muscles, the direction agreement was moderate between MVF and RFDpeak (Kappa = 0.37) and low between MVF and RFD-SF (Kappa = 0.01). The asymmetries are muscle-specific and rarely favour the same side across different muscle-performance metrics. At the individual level, no one side is more performative than the other: each limb is favoured depending on muscle group and performance metric. The present findings can be used by practitioners that want to decrease the asymmetry levels as they should prescribe specific exercise training for each muscle.
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Pajoutan, Mojdeh, Ranjana K. Mehta, and Lora A. Cavuoto. "Obesity effect on isometric strength of the trunk extensors." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601217.
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Trunk muscle strength could contribute to overexertion and falls related back injuries. With obesity, greater trunk extensor muscle is expected to overcome the additional mass especially those accumulated in the abdomen area. The objective of this study was to investigate the extent of obesity effect on maximum trunk extensor muscles’ capacity. 33 females and 35 males in three age-matched groups of normal weight, overweight, and obese completed four replications of three repeated maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of trunk extensor muscles. Obesity impairment was evident in the strength per kilogram body mass (BM) and fat-free mass (FFM). FFM and age explained 60% of the variability of the trunk strength. The findings of this study suggest an inferior performance with obesity in complex tasks requiring high intensity strengths.
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Ahyar, Aienal, Wanti Hasmar, and Putra Hadi. "Management Of Physiotherapy In Futsal Players To Increase Limb Muscle Strength With Lying Leg Curl Exercise." Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Kesehatan dan Teknologi 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52674/jkikt.v4i1.63.
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Background : Muscle strength is the maximum force, force or tension that a muscle or muscle group can produce. A person may have strength in certain muscle parts but not necessarily in other muscle parts, for example in futsal players who tend to take advantage of leg muscle strength. This muscle strength is a very important component in maximum achievement in playing futsal. Therefore it is very necessary to maintain or maximize the strength of these muscles. Objective : To find out the benefits of Lying Leg Curl weight training on leg muscle strength. Method : A case study with 1 respondent using a vertical jump test to measure leg muscle strength. Results : After doing weight training therapy for 12 times with 3 sets of exercises consisting of 1-8 repetitions and 2-5 minutes of rest with a load of 80% of 1RM the results were an increase in leg muscle strength. Conclusion : Lying leg curl weight training with the principle of 1RM can maximize/improve the leg muscle ability of futsal players.
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Tanaka, Atsushi, Masanori Okamoto, Munehisa Kito, Yasuo Yoshimura, Kaoru Aoki, Shuichiro Suzuki, Akira Takazawa, Yukiko Komatsu, Takaaki Ishida, and Jun Takahashi. "Influence of the adductor compartment resection on muscle strength and postoperative function in soft-tissue sarcoma of the thigh." Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 52, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyab207.
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Abstract Objective To predict the muscle strength and postoperative function for soft-tissue sarcoma arising from the adductor compartment of the thigh. Methods Between 2003 and 2019, 17 cases that underwent resection of the adductor muscle group (adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, gracilis and pectineus) for soft-tissue sarcoma in the adductor compartment of the thigh were included. The muscle strength was measured with an isokinetic dynamometer for the knee joint and with a hand-held dynamometer for the hip joint (ratio of affected to unaffected side). The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score, Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions and maximum walking speed were used to assess postoperative function and examine correlations with muscle strength. Results In 13 cases that underwent an isolated resection of the adductor compartment, reduced adduction strength correlated with increased number of resected muscles in the adductor muscle group (P < 0.001). Postoperative function was maintained, showing no correlations with adduction strength. In four cases that underwent combined resections of other compartments, a decrease was observed in adduction strength as well as the muscle strength of other resected muscles, in addition to a decline in postoperative function. In the 4 or 5 adductor muscle resection group, the comparison between isolated and combined resection revealed comparable results for adduction strength but a significant decrease in postoperative function for the combined resection group. Conclusions Postoperative function can be preserved for isolated adductor compartment resection. Combined resections of multiple muscles in other compartments and most adductor muscles may result in decreased postoperative function.
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Semariasih, Ni Komang Dewi, Ni Luh Nopi Andayani, and I. Made Muliarta. "THE CORELATION BETWEEN GRIP MUSCLES’ STRENTGH AND A LEVEL OF FUNCTIONAL ABILITY AMONG THE ELDERLY WOMEN IN TISTA KERAMBITAN, TABANAN." Majalah Ilmiah Fisioterapi Indonesia 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mifi.2019.v07.i02.p11.
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The aging process affects the skeletal muscle structure and disability of the musculoskeletal system which resulted in limited and slowed motion. One characteristic of the aging process is a decrease in muscle strength. Muscle strength affects almost all daily activity. Decreased muscle strength can lead to limitations in daily activities, independence and quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between handgrip muscles’ strength and level of functional ability among elderly women in Tista, Kerambitan Tabanan. To assess the strength of the relationship and assess the direction of the relationship between the variables. The research design was used cross sectional study with Simple Random Sampling and got 73 samples. The strength of handgrip muscles was measured using Hand-grip dynamometer, while the functional independence level was assessed by Intermediate Activity Daily Living (IADL) questionnaire interview. Result of research by using Spearman correlation test got value P = 0,000 (P <0,05) and Coefficient correlation value equal to 0,489 indicate that there is a significant correlation between handgrip muscles’ strength with functional ability independence level, this relation is positive and medium. In conculsion that handgrip muscles’s strength and level of functional ability are positively correlated and medium. The stronger the muscle strength of the handgrip, the higher the level of functional ability independence and vice versa. Therefore, handgrip muscle’s strength can be used in identifying disabilities in the elderly.
Keywords: elderly, handgrip muscles’ strength, functional capabilities, disability.
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Frontera, Walter R., Virginia A. Hughes, Roger A. Fielding, Maria A. Fiatarone, William J. Evans, and Ronenn Roubenoff. "Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12-yr longitudinal study." Journal of Applied Physiology 88, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1321.
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The present study examines age-related changes in skeletal muscle size and function after 12 yr. Twelve healthy sedentary men were studied in 1985–86 (T1) and nine (initial mean age 65.4 ± 4.2 yr) were reevaluated in 1997–98 (T2). Isokinetic muscle strength of the knee and elbow extensors and flexors showed losses ( P < 0.05) ranging from 20 to 30% at slow and fast angular velocities. Computerized tomography ( n = 7) showed reductions ( P < 0.05) in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the thigh (12.5%), all thigh muscles (14.7%), quadriceps femoris muscle (16.1%), and flexor muscles (14.9%). Analysis of covariance showed that strength at T1 and changes in CSA were independent predictors of strength at T2. Muscle biopsies taken from vastus lateralis muscles ( n = 6) showed a reduction in percentage of type I fibers (T1 = 60% vs. T2 = 42%) with no change in mean area in either fiber type. The capillary-to-fiber ratio was significantly lower at T2 (1.39 vs. 1.08; P = 0.043). Our observations suggest that a quantitative loss in muscle CSA is a major contributor to the decrease in muscle strength seen with advancing age and, together with muscle strength at T1, accounts for 90% of the variability in strength at T2.
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Menezes, Kênia K. P., Patrick R. Avelino, Maria T. M. Alvarenga, and Lucas R. Nascimento. "Inspiratory Training for Improving Respiratory Strength, Pulmonary Function, and Walking in Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-Analysis." Pediatric Physical Therapy 36, no. 2 (March 29, 2024): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pep.0000000000001092.
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Purpose: To investigate the effects of inspiratory strength training on respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and walking capacity in children with cerebral palsy, with Gross Motor Function Classification System I to III. Methods: Searches were conducted in CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases. The outcomes of interest were respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and walking capacity. The quality was assessed by PEDro Scale. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to summarize the quality of evidence. Results: Inspiratory strength training increased the strength of inspiratory muscles and may increase the strength of the expiratory muscles. No changes were observed in pulmonary function or walking capacity. Conclusions: This systematic review provides moderate-quality evidence that inspiratory strength training is effective for increasing inspiratory muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy. Benefits may be carried over to improving expiratory muscle strength but were not observed on pulmonary function or walking capacity.
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Koutedakis, Yiannis, Frances Clarke, Matt Wyon, Danielle Aways, and Emmanuel O. Owolabi. "Muscular Strength: Applications for Dancers." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2009.4032.
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Muscle fibers can generally be divided into slow and fast twitch according to their contraction speed. Even though an individual normally has the same ratio of slow/fast muscle fibers throughout his or her body, the lower-limb muscles are predominantly designed to provide the maximum dynamic output in rapid movements (e.g., jumping). The limited data on dancers' muscle profiles have shown that (ballet) dancers have predominately slow fibers. Muscular strength, together with aerobic and anaerobic capacity, joint mobility and muscle flexibility, and body composition form the continuum of physical fitness. Strength is defined as the maximum force that a muscle group can generate at a specified velocity; its levels can be affected by several factors. which include age, gender, type of muscle fiber, nutrition, and body temperature. There is no scientific evidence suggesting that different strength training regimens should be employed for the different styles of dance. However, reduced muscular strength has been associated with greater severity of injury in dancers. Poor aerobic capabilities, high ectomorphy ratings with low percent body fat values, and the biomechanics of different dance techniques have also been identified as underlying sources of injury in dancers. The most common location for injury in ballet dancers is the foot and the ankle, while in contemporary dancers it is the low back and knee. Little information is available with respect to other dance styles.
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Sandberg, Camilla, Albert G. Crenshaw, Christina Christersson, Joanna Hlebowicz, Ulf Thilén, and Bengt Johansson. "Despite reductions in muscle mass and muscle strength in adults with CHD, the muscle strength per muscle mass relationship does not differ from controls." Cardiology in the Young 31, no. 5 (January 18, 2021): 792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120004709.
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AbstractBackground:Patients with CHD exhibit reduced isometric muscle strength and muscle mass; however, little is known how these parameters relate. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the relation between isometric limb muscle strength and muscle mass for patients in comparison to age- and sex-matched control subjects.Methods:Seventy-four patients (35.6 ± 14.3 years, women n = 22) and 74 matched controls were included. Isometric muscle strength in elbow flexion, knee extension, and hand grip was assessed using dynamometers. Lean mass, reflecting skeletal muscle mass, in the arms and legs was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Results:Compared to controls, patients had lower muscle strength in elbow flexion, knee extension, and hand grip, and lower muscle mass in the arms (6.6 ± 1.8 kg versus 5.8 ± 1.7 kg, p < 0.001) and legs (18.4 ± 3.5 kg versus 15.9 ± 3.2 kg, p < 0.001). There was no difference in achieved muscle force per unit muscle mass in patients compared to controls (elbow flexion 0.03 ± 0.004 versus 0.03 ± 0.005 N/g, p = 0.5; grip strength 0.008 ± 0.001 versus 0.008 ± 0.001 N/g, p = 0.7; knee extension 0.027 ± 0.06 versus 0.028 ± 0.06 N/g, p = 0.5). For both groups, muscle mass in the arms correlated strongly with muscle strength in elbow flexion (patients r = 0.86, controls, r = 0.89), hand grip (patients, r = 0.84, controls, r = 0.81), and muscle mass in the leg to knee extension (patients r = 0.64, controls r = 0.68).Conclusion:The relationship between isometric muscle strength and limb muscle mass in adults with CHD indicates that the skeletal muscles have the same efficiency as in healthy controls.
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Fabrin, Saulo Cesar Vallin, Marcelo Palinkas, Evandro Marianetti Fioco, Guilherme Gallo Costa Gomes, Eloisa Maria Gatti Regueiro, Gabriel Pádua da Silva, Selma Siéssere, Edson Donizett Verr, and Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo. "Functional assessment of respiratory muscles and lung capacity of CrossFit athletes." Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 19, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.2244594.297.
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CrossFit is a high-intensity training related to physical fitness and respiratory capacity that can promote changes in lung function. This crosssectional study was aimed at evaluating respiratory muscle strength, electromyographic (EMG) activity, and lung capacity in CrossFit athletes. Thirty subjects aged between 25 and 35 years were divided into groups: CrossFit athletes (n= 15) and sedentary individuals without comorbidities (n= 15). Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, lung capacity, and EMG of the sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, external intercostal, and diaphragm muscles at respiratory rest, maximal inspiration and expiration, and respiratory cycle. Data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analyses (<i>t</i>-test and Spearman test, <i>P</i>< 0.05). Respiratory muscle strength on EMG of the sternocleidomastoid, serratus, external intercostal, and diaphragm muscles at the respiratory cycle and maximal forced inspiration and expiration were higher in the CrossFit athletes group than in the sedentary group without comorbidities. CrossFit athlete group showed significantly strong positive correlation between maximal inspiratory and expiratory muscle strengths (Spearman rho= 0.903, <i>P</i>= 0.000), with increasing muscle strength during inspiration favoring an increase in strength during expiration. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV<sub>1</sub>) also showed a significantly high positive correlation (Spearman rho= 0.912, <i>P</i>= 0.000) in the CrossFit athletes group, showing that higher FVC favors higher FEV<sub>1</sub>. The results of this study suggest that improved fitness is based on increased respiratory muscle strength on EMG in CrossFit athletes.
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Pawar, Manasi, and Vaishnavi Ekbote. "Correlation Between Grip Strength and Scapular Muscles Strength Among Goldsmith Workers in Pune: A Correlational Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 7 (July 9, 2024): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240710.
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Introduction: Gold ornament making industries are small scale widespread industries. Goldsmith workers make use of tools like cables, screw drivers, clippers, burr set, pliers at workplace which involve in doing different gripping activities. Due to these repetitive motions at workplace grip strength is affected in goldsmith workers which is one of the musculoskeletal disorders among them. Grip strength affection is related to scapular muscle strength because hand is the most distal component and shoulder is the most proximal component. They both are connected to each other via upper limb kinetic chain. Inclusion of shoulder rehab in plan of treatment for reduced grip strength would be more effective and if treated from proximal most component the maintenance of functional Method: 110 samples were collected, they were approached and consented for the assessment. Scapular muscles testing assessment was done by individual muscle testing, and grip strength assessment was done by hand dynamometer. Result: Purposive sampling method was used in which results were calculated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The Spearman’s rho value is 0.543 for right side which indicates that there is moderate correlation according to grading standards of Spearman’s correlation between scapular muscle strength and grip strength. And for left side the value is 0.567 that is also moderate correlation according to grading standards of Spearman’s correlation between scapular muscle strength and grip strength. The rank associated with these two values is +1 hence there is significant positive correlation within these two. Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a significant positive correlation observed between scapular muscle strength and grip strength. Hence, we accept our alternative hypothesis H1 which stated that - there will be correlation between scapular muscles strength and grip strength. Key words: Goldsmith workers, grip strength, scapular muscles strength, prehension activities, power grip
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OKITA, YUSUKE, NORIATSU TATEMATSU, KOUTATSU NAGAI, RUI TSUKAGOSHI, HIROSHIGE TATEUCHI, TAKEHARU NAKAMATA, TAKESHI OKAMOTO, et al. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF MUSCLE REMOVAL ON ESTIMATED MUSCLE FORCES DURING WALKING IN PATIENTS AFTER RESECTION OF SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA IN THE THIGH." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 20, no. 01 (February 2020): 1950077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519419500775.
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Patients with lower extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) need to recover their walking ability while coping with lower-limb muscle loss due to tumor removal. However, the lack of information on walking after tumor removal hinders the development of gait rehabilitation strategies for such patients. The present study explored how patients walked after STS resection from the viewpoint of muscle forces. The effect of muscle removal and muscle strength asymmetry on estimated muscle forces was also investigated by iterating gait simulations for each patient using three different musculoskeletal models. These models differed based on whether or not the resected muscles were reflected in the model and whether or not residual muscle strength was scaled according to muscle strength measurements. Muscle forces during walking were estimated in six patients after thigh STS removal. Our results suggested that patients could walk using not only residual muscles that function similar to the resected muscles but also those that function differently (e.g., ankle plantarflexors). Gait simulations of patients with considerable muscle loss and those without a rectus femoris muscle were relatively sensitive to muscle removal.
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Hilton, Tiffany N., Lori J. Tuttle, Kathryn L. Bohnert, Michael J. Mueller, and David R. Sinacore. "Excessive Adipose Tissue Infiltration in Skeletal Muscle in Individuals With Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Peripheral Neuropathy: Association With Performance and Function." Physical Therapy 88, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 1336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20080079.
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Background and Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to report differences in calf intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), muscle strength (peak torque), power, and physical function in individuals with obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and peripheral neuropathy (PN) compared with those without these impairments. A secondary purpose was to assess the relationship between IMAT and muscle strength, power, and physical function. Subjects and Methods Six participants with obesity, DM, and PN (2 women, 4 men; mean age=58 years, SD=10; mean body mass index=36.3, SD=5; mean modified Physical Performance Test [PPT] score=22, SD=3) and 6 age- and sex-matched control subjects without these impairments were assessed and compared in muscle strength, muscle power, physical functioning, and muscle and fat volume, including IMAT in the calf muscles. Muscle, adipose tissue, and IMAT volumes of each calf were quantified by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Muscle strength and power of the plantar-flexor and dorsiflexor muscles were quantified using isokinetic dynamometry. The modified PPT was used to assess physical function. Results Leg muscle and fat volumes were similar between groups, although IMAT volumes were 2.2-fold higher in the subjects with obesity, DM, and PN (X̅=120 cm3, SD=47) than in the control subjects (X̅=54 cm3, SD=41). Muscle strength, muscle power, ratio of leg muscle power to leg muscle volume, and modified PPT scores were lower in subjects with obesity, DM, and PN compared with the control subjects. Discussion and Conclusion The data indicate that excess fat infiltration in leg skeletal muscles is associated with low calf muscle strength, low calf muscle power, and impaired physical function in individuals who are obese with DM and PN.
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Faxon, Jamie, Adeola Sanni, and Kevin McCully. "Hamstrings and Quadriceps Muscles Function in Subjects with Prior ACL Reconstruction Surgery." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 3, no. 4 (November 20, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk3040056.
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Background: As the knee joint is a common site for injury among younger people, the purpose of this study was to measure the skeletal muscle endurance and strength on people with prior anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) knee reconstruction surgery. Method: Young healthy female subjects who reported having knee reconstruction surgery more than one-year prior were tested. The skeletal muscle endurance index (EI) of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles was determined as the decline in the specific muscle acceleration in response to 2 Hz, 4 Hz, and 6 Hz electrical stimulation. Maximal isometric muscle strength (MVC) was measured in the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles. Results: The hamstrings muscles in the injured leg had less endurance than the non-injured leg at 6 Hz stimulation (55.5 ± 13.2% versus 78.0 ± 13.3%, p < 0.01). Muscle endurance was not reduced in the quadriceps muscles in the injured leg compared to the non-injured leg at 6 Hz stimulation (78.0 ± 13.3% versus 80.3 ± 10.0%, p = 0.45). There were no differences in MVC between the injured and non-injured legs for either the hamstrings (p = 0.20) or quadriceps muscles (p = 0.67). Conclusions: Muscle endurance was reduced in the hamstrings muscles at least one-year post injury, while hamstrings strength was recovered. Reduced hamstrings muscle endurance could be a result of lack of endurance training during rehabilitation. This may contribute to re-injury in the muscle, even in people who have recovered muscle strength.
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Johannsson, Gudmundur, Gunnar Grimby, Katharina Stibrant Sunnerhagen, and Bengt-Åke Bengtsson. "Two Years of Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment Increase Isometric and Isokinetic Muscle Strength in GH-Deficient Adults*." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 82, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 2877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.82.9.4204.
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Abstract GH deficiency in adults is associated with reduced muscle mass and muscle strength. The objective of this trial was to follow the effect of 2 yr of GH treatment in GH-deficient adults on muscle performance in relation to a reference population. Knee extensor and flexor strengths for isometric and isokinetic concentric muscle strength were measured using a Kin-Com dynamometer. Hand-grip strength was measured in both hands. The fatigue index was calculated as the percent reduction in peak torque at 50 repeated isokinetic knee extensions. Superimposed, single twitch electrical stimulation was performed. The GH-deficient subjects had lower isometric knee extensor, knee flexor, and hand-grip strength than the reference population. Two years of GH treatment increased and normalized the mean isometric knee extensor and flexor strengths. The concentric knee flexor and extensor strength at an angular velocity of π rad/s increased, as did the concentric knee flexor strength at an angular velocity of π/3 rad/s. The increase in muscle strength was more marked in younger patients and in patients with lower initial muscle strength than predicted. Quadriceps endurance decreased, whereas the effect of superimposing single twitches on isometric contraction and hand-grip strength was unaffected by the GH treatment. Two years of GH therapy in GH-deficient adults increased and normalized isokinetic and isometric muscle strength studied in proximal muscle groups. Hand-grip strength and the degree of lack of maximal motor unit activation on voluntary isometric knee extensor force did not change. The dynamic local muscle fatigue index decreased.
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Zhang, Xiao Ming, and Jiao Yang Xia. "The Comparative Study on Lower Limb Muscles between International and National Master Skating Athletes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.712.
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The knee and ankle muscle strengths of excellent male 500 meters skating athletes were measured and analyzed by means of the CYBEX NORM isokinetic testing and rehabilitation system. The study provides scientific basis for the coaches understanding the practical muscle capacity in accordance with special event, and for the analysis on athletes’ practical training level, potentials and drawbacks of main special muscles. The results are as follows: there are distinct differences between the two groups in some muscles of knee and ankle. The muscle strength features of international skaters are better than national skaters’.
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Miura, Yuka, Gojiro Nakagami, Haruka Tohara, Nami Ogawa, and Hiromi Sanada. "The association between jaw-opening strength, geniohyoid muscle thickness and echo intensity measured by ultrasound." Medical Ultrasonography 22, no. 3 (September 5, 2020): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-2317.
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Aim: Jaw-opening strength is an indicator of swallowing function including hyoid bone elevation. Geniohyoid muscles play an important role during hyoid bone elevation. This study aimed to investigate whether geniohyoid muscle thickness and echo intensity measured by ultrasonography were related to jaw-opening strength.Material and methods: Sixty-eight participants (39 men) with an average age of 77±7.7 years were recruited from a functional training health care facility. We measured muscle thickness and echo intensity of the geniohyoid muscle on transverse ultrasound images.Results: Age, calf circumference, grip strength, muscle thickness and echo intensity were significantly associated with jaw-opening strength in univariate analyses. After adjusting for grip strength in multiple regression analysis, geniohyoid muscle thickness and echo intensity were significantly associated with jaw-opening strength (β=0.29 for muscle thickness, β=−0.26 for echo intensity).Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between geniohyoid muscle thickness and jaw-opening strength; echo intensity negatively correlated with jaw-opening strength. Ultrasound evaluation of geniohyoid muscle status provides important information about maintaining jaw-opening strength.
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Tavares, A. B. W., E. Micmacher, S. Biesek, R. Assumpção, R. Redorat, U. Veloso, M. Vaisman, P. T. V. Farinatti, and F. Conceição. "Effects of Growth Hormone Administration on Muscle Strength in Men over 50 Years Old." International Journal of Endocrinology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/942030.
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Growth hormone (GH) use has been speculated to improve physical capacity in subjects without GH deficiency (GHD) through stimulation of collagen synthesis in the tendon and skeletal muscle, which leads to better exercise training and increased muscle strength. In this context, the use of GH in healthy elderly should be an option for increasing muscle strength. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of GH therapy on muscle strength in healthy men over 50 years old. Fourteen healthy men aged 50–70 years were evaluated at baseline for body composition and muscle strength (evaluated by leg press and bench press exercises, which focus primarily on quadriceps—lower body part and pectoralis major—upper body part—muscles, resp.). Subjects were randomised into 2 groups: GH therapy (7 subjects) and placebo (7 subjects) and reevaluated after 6 months of therapy. Thirteen subjects completed the study (6 subjects in the placebo group and 7 subjects in the GH group). Subjects of both groups were not different at baseline. After 6 months of therapy, muscle strength in the bench press responsive muscles did not increase in both groups and showed a statistically significant increase in the leg press responsive muscles in the GH group. Our study demonstrated an increase in muscle strength in the lower body part after GH therapy in healthy men. This finding must be considered and tested in frail older populations, whose physical incapacity is primarily caused by proximal muscle weakness. The trial was registered withNCT01853566.
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Nakai, Yuki, Yujiro Usumoto, and Yasufumi Takeshita. "The Effects of Regional Muscle Strength and Mass on Standing Long Jump Performance." Muscles 3, no. 1 (March 4, 2024): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/muscles3010007.
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Muscle strength and mass strongly influence performance. The role of the trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs in a specific performance is important but unclear in terms of muscle strength, muscle mass, and the degree of influence of each part. Standing long jump is a performance that produces results by not only the muscles of the lower limbs working together but also the entire body, including the trunk and upper limbs. To determine the influence of muscle strength and the mass of each body part on standing long jump, 31 healthy young adults (18 males and 13 females) participated in this study. Abdominal trunk muscle strength, grip strength, and knee extension muscle strength were measured, each of which was defined as trunk, upper limb, and lower limb muscle strength. The trunk, upper limb, and lower limb muscle masses were measured using a body composition analyzer. Performance was measured using the standing long jump test (jumping power). Factors influencing standing long jump were examined. A multiple regression analysis revealed that trunk (β = 0.367, p = 0.006) and upper limb (β = 0.608, p < 0.001) muscle strength values were extracted for standing long jump (adjusted R2 = 0.574, p < 0.01). Trunk and upper limb muscle strength influence standing long jumps.
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Wilczyński, Jacek, and Alicja Kasprzak. "Dynamics of Changes in Isometric Strength and Muscle Imbalance in the Treatment of Women with Low back Pain." BioMed Research International 2020 (January 11, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6139535.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of isometric changes in strength and muscular lumbar-pelvic imbalances in the treatment of women with low back pain. Forty-one women, nineteen in the study group (A) and twenty-two in the control group (B), participated in the study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess the degree of degenerative changes in the lumbar spine. The diagnosis of isometric muscle strength and their imbalances was performed with the Tergumed 700 device. After six weeks of therapy in the study group (A), there was a significant improvement in the strength of all the examined muscle groups. However, in the control group (B), significant improvement occurred only in the strength of the lumbar flexor muscles and the flexor muscles on the left side. Furthermore, there was a significant intensification of the imbalance of left flexor muscle strength compared to right flexor strength in group B. Significant differences in favour of the study group (A) concerned the strength of the rotator muscles to the left, the strength of the extensor muscles of the lumbar spine, the strength of the flexors of the lumbar spine to the right, and the balance of the strength of the lumbar spine flexors to the left compared to the strength of the flexor muscles to the right. Therapy with the Tergumed 700 system leads to an increase in the muscle strength of the lumbar and pelvic complex, compensating for its imbalance, bringing beneficial effects in the treatment of low back pain.
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Bohannon, RW. "Muscle strength and muscle training after stroke." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 39, no. 1 (2007): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0018.
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Anker, Markus S., Stephan Haehling, and Jochen Springer. "Blocking myostatin: muscle mass equals muscle strength?" Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 11, no. 6 (December 2020): 1396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12647.
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Klupp, Elisabeth, Barbara Cervantes, Sarah Schlaeger, Stephanie Inhuber, Florian Kreuzpointer, Ansgar Schwirtz, Alexander Rohrmeier, et al. "Paraspinal Muscle DTI Metrics Predict Muscle Strength." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 50, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 816–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26679.
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Kibildaitė, Monika, Diana Nemčiauskienė, and Laura Žlibinaitė. "Effects of Static and Dynamic Exercises on Core Muscle Strength and Endurance." Reabilitacijos mokslai: slauga, kineziterapija, ergoterapija 1, no. 26 (May 31, 2022): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/rmske.v1i26.1189.
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Background. Rehabilitation research is currently focused on the effects of exercise on patients with acute or chronic low back pain. However, there is a lack of preventive research investigating the effects of dynamic and static exercises on the strength and endurance of the core stability muscle in individuals engaged in leisure-time non-professional sports activities.
The aim. To determine the effect of static and dynamic muscle exercises on core stability muscle strength and endurance.
Methods. The study involved 12 volunteers (20–30 years old) engaged in leisure-time non-professional sports activities that did not experience back pain. Two groups were formed: the first (n = 7), in which the subjects performed static exercises, and the second (n = 5), in which the subjects performed dynamic exercises. The strength and endurance of the core flexor and extensor muscles were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. The study lasted 5 weeks. Exercise sessions were held 3 times a week for 20–30 minutes.
Results. Strength and endurance of the core flexor and extensor muscles significantly increased in both groups. Comparing the effects of static and dynamic exercises on core flexor and extensor muscle strength and endurance, a statistically significant difference was observed in the change in core extensor muscle strength.
Conclusions. The strength and endurance of the core flexor and extensor muscles increased both after dynamic exercise and static exercise interventions. Core muscle strength increased more after the dynamic exercise intervention.
Keywords: core stability, isometric strength, physical therapy, exercise, young individuals.
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Marques, Anna Cristina de Farias, Adriano Percival Calderaro Calvo, Daniel Tineu Leite Maia, Maysa Alves Rodrigues Brandão Rangel, Rodolfo Paula Vieira, Regiane Albertini Carvalho, and Flávio Aimbire Soares de Carvalho. "Forearm Muscle Activity and Handgrip Profile Between Physically Active and Sedentary Older Women." Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes 28, no. 306 (November 8, 2023): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46642/efd.v28i306.7195.
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Background: The aging process promotes changes in skeletal muscles that influence muscle strength and fatigue, however physical exercise has a direct effect on the aging process. Objective: The aim of this study was investigated the strength and strength fatigability and the muscle activities of the forearm of elderly women’s handgrip according physical level. Method: The patterns of rapid muscle strength, maximum strength and fatigability of 32 elderly women during handgrip task were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Both hands were evaluated and the muscle activity of the carpal flexors and extensors was monitored with an electromyography simultaneously. Volunteers were grouped into two groups based on their level of physical activity: physically active and sedentary. Results were compared by group and time factors. Results: Rapid muscle strength and maximum isometric strength were substantially higher in the physically active. Loss of strength was verified in physically active while the fatigue by muscle activity was identified in sedentary group. Discussion: The volunteers' physical activity pattern was able to change their muscle contraction strategies. The active group mainly practices strength training or combined training that includes strength training with at least 3 sessions per week. This volume was also enough to promote gains in the strength and rapid strength. Conclusion: The physical activity profile of the elderly women in this study have influenced strength, fatigability, and muscle activity during handgrip strength.
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Iskandar, Risfan, Oce Wiriawan, and Sapto Wibowo. "Increasing Arm Muscle Strength and Power with Dumbbell Exercise Variations." Jurnal Maenpo : Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi 13, no. 1 (June 22, 2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jm.v13i1.3253.
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The problem of this research is the lack of exercise to increase the strength and power of the arm muscles. The aim of this research is to find out whether there is an effect of dumbbell training on the strength and power of the arm muscles. The subjects of this research were 40 members of the UNDIKMA Badminton UKM. The method used in this research is quasi-experimental with a quantitative approach. Nonequivalent Control Group Design data collection. This research uses the measurement of arm muscle strength with an expanding dynamometer and arm muscle power using a two hand medicine ball put. The results of this research are that the form of exercise from groups 1, 2, and 3 has an effect on the strength and power of the arm muscles, for a greater effect, namely in group 2 with Dumbbell Bicep Curl exercises for arm muscle strength and power. Increase in strength of 11% and power of 35%. As input for this research include: 1) For UKM members this research will gain experience in weight training and know how to do the exercise, 2) For trainers it can provide insight into badminton UKM trainers regarding forms of exercise that can increase arm strength and power.Key words: Effect of Exercise, Arm Muscle Strength, Arm Muscle Power
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McDaniel, John, Gangarao Davuluri, Elizabeth Ann Hill, Michelle Moyer, Ashok Runkana, Richard Prayson, Erik van Lunteren, and Srinivasan Dasarathy. "Hyperammonemia results in reduced muscle function independent of muscle mass." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 310, no. 3 (February 1, 2016): G163—G170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00322.2015.
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The mechanism of the nearly universal decreased muscle strength in cirrhosis is not known. We evaluated whether hyperammonemia in cirrhosis causes contractile dysfunction independent of reduced skeletal muscle mass. Maximum grip strength and muscle fatigue response were determined in cirrhotic patients and controls. Blood and muscle ammonia concentrations and grip strength normalized to lean body mass were measured in the portacaval anastomosis (PCA) and sham-operated pair-fed control rats ( n = 5 each). Ex vivo contractile studies in the soleus muscle from a separate group of Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 7) were performed. Skeletal muscle force of contraction, rate of force development, and rate of relaxation were measured. Muscles were also subjected to a series of pulse trains at a range of stimulation frequencies from 20 to 110 Hz. Cirrhotic patients had lower maximum grip strength and greater muscle fatigue than control subjects. PCA rats had a 52.7 ± 13% lower normalized grip strength compared with control rats, and grip strength correlated with the blood and muscle ammonia concentrations ( r2 = 0.82). In ex vivo muscle preparations following a single pulse, the maximal force, rate of force development, and rate of relaxation were 12.1 ± 3.5 g vs. 6.2 ± 2.1 g; 398.2 ± 100.4 g/s vs. 163.8 ± 97.4 g/s; −101.2 ± 22.2 g/s vs. −33.6 ± 22.3 g/s in ammonia-treated compared with control muscle preparation, respectively ( P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Tetanic force, rate of force development, and rate of relaxation were depressed across a range of stimulation from 20 to 110 Hz. These data provide the first direct evidence that hyperammonemia impairs skeletal muscle strength and increased muscle fatigue and identifies a potential therapeutic target in cirrhotic patients.
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Salabi, Muhammad, Day Setijono, and Soetanto Hartono. "Effectiveness Of Training Cost Method Of Using Serial And Parallel To Increase Power And Leg Muscle Strength, Muscles Back, Stomach Muscle." JUPE : Jurnal Pendidikan Mandala 3, no. 3 (December 7, 2018): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.58258/jupe.v3i3.588.
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This study aims to determine the effect of weight training using serial and parallel methods in improving the power and strength of leg muscles, back muscles, abdominal muscles. Subjects in the study were students of Teachers' Training FPOK Mataram academic year 2014/2015 which were both undergoing training load with two training methods. This study uses a quantitative approach using experimental method with factorial design. The research instrument to measure the strength of the back muscles and leg muscle strength using a dynamometer leg,meter the leg muscles using a powerjump Duration of Fright (DF) series TKK 5114, and to measure abdominal muscle kekutan using crunches. The results showed that there was a significant effect of weight training using serial and parallel methods in improving the power and strength of leg muscles, back muscles, abdominal muscles
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Tapanya, Weerasak, Sinthuporn Maharan, Patchareeya Amput, Noppharath Sangkarit, and Boonsita Suwannakul. "The Influence of Knee Extensor and Ankle Plantar Flexor Strength on Single-Leg Standing Balance in Older Women." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, no. 2 (May 18, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8020067.
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Impaired balance is a significant risk factor for falls among older adults. The precise impact of lower-extremity muscles, including the proportion of muscle strength, on the performance of single-leg standing balance tests in older individuals is very interesting. The aim of this study is to examine the correlation between the knee extensor (KE), ankle plantar flexor (AP) muscle strength, and performance in single-leg standing balance tests in older females. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the combined proportion of KE and AP muscle strength in maintaining balance during single-leg standing. A total of 90 older females (mean age 67.83 ± 8.00 years) were recruited. All participants underwent maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) testing of the KE and AP muscles, as well as single-leg standing balance tests with eyes open (SSEO) and eyes closed (SSEC). To examine the influence of KE and AP muscle strength on balance performance, multiple regression analysis was conducted. Low correlations were found between SSEO and MVIC of KE and AP muscles, but moderate correlations were found with percentage of MVIC to body weight ratio (%MVIC/BW). The best model for SSEO included 0.99 times of the %MVIC/BW of AP and 0.66 times that of KE muscles as independent predictor variables (r = 0.682). In conclusion, AP muscle strength was found to have a greater impact on single-leg standing balance compared with KE muscle strength.
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KIMURA, Teiji. "Muscle Strength and Electromyography." Journal of exercise physiology 7, no. 2 (1992): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika1986.7.109.
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