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Ahmadi, Sirous. "Monitoring muscle oxygenation and myoelectric activity after damage-inducing exercise." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2240.
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In this thesis, three experiments were conducted to monitor: (i) muscle oxygenation and electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii after exercise-induced muscle damage (ii) muscle oxygenation after downhill walking-induced muscle damage, and, (iii) muscle oxygenation following a bout of vigorous concentric exercise. Maximal eccentric exercise (EE) of biceps brachii resulted in significantly increased mean resting oxygen saturation and decreased deoxyhaemoglobin. During isometric contractions at 50% and 80% of subjects’ maximum voluntary torque (MVT), oxygen desaturation and resaturation kinetics and volume were significantly decreased after EE, and these declines were significantly prevalent over the following 6 days. Additionally, a significant shift in median frequency intercept (measured by electromyography; EMG) towards lower frequencies was observed during isometric contractions at both 50% and 80% MVT after EE in the exercised arm. After an exhaustive session of downhill walking, another form of EE, resting total haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin decreased. Furthermore, during isometric contractions at 30%, 50% and 80% of MVT, prolonged and significant increases were observed in oxygen desaturation and resaturation kinetics and volumes after ambulatory EE. In contrast to the two EE experiments, concentric contractions did not evoke any prolonged changes in muscle oxygenation. Collectively, the findings of this thesis revealed significant and prolonged changes in muscle oxygenation at rest and during exercise, following sessions of strenuous eccentric exercise. Although not clear, the possible mechanism responsible for the changes in muscle oxygenation after EE could be increased resting muscle oxygen utilization due to probable muscle damage and a subsequent requirement of energy demanding repair processes. Concentric exercise resulted in fatigue, but it did not affect muscle oxygenation. Although a prolonged reduction in EMG median frequency intercept was observed after EE, this was not closely time-associated with the biochemical, anthropometric or functional markers of muscle damage.
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Ahmadi, Sirous. "Monitoring muscle oxygenation and myoelectric activity after damage-inducing exercise." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2240.
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Doctor of PhilosophyIn this thesis, three experiments were conducted to monitor: (i) muscle oxygenation and electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii after exercise-induced muscle damage (ii) muscle oxygenation after downhill walking-induced muscle damage, and, (iii) muscle oxygenation following a bout of vigorous concentric exercise. Maximal eccentric exercise (EE) of biceps brachii resulted in significantly increased mean resting oxygen saturation and decreased deoxyhaemoglobin. During isometric contractions at 50% and 80% of subjects’ maximum voluntary torque (MVT), oxygen desaturation and resaturation kinetics and volume were significantly decreased after EE, and these declines were significantly prevalent over the following 6 days. Additionally, a significant shift in median frequency intercept (measured by electromyography; EMG) towards lower frequencies was observed during isometric contractions at both 50% and 80% MVT after EE in the exercised arm. After an exhaustive session of downhill walking, another form of EE, resting total haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin decreased. Furthermore, during isometric contractions at 30%, 50% and 80% of MVT, prolonged and significant increases were observed in oxygen desaturation and resaturation kinetics and volumes after ambulatory EE. In contrast to the two EE experiments, concentric contractions did not evoke any prolonged changes in muscle oxygenation. Collectively, the findings of this thesis revealed significant and prolonged changes in muscle oxygenation at rest and during exercise, following sessions of strenuous eccentric exercise. Although not clear, the possible mechanism responsible for the changes in muscle oxygenation after EE could be increased resting muscle oxygen utilization due to probable muscle damage and a subsequent requirement of energy demanding repair processes. Concentric exercise resulted in fatigue, but it did not affect muscle oxygenation. Although a prolonged reduction in EMG median frequency intercept was observed after EE, this was not closely time-associated with the biochemical, anthropometric or functional markers of muscle damage.
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Vallet, Benoît. "Reactivite vasculaire et oxygenation tissulaire." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2P265.
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Hernández, Andrés Gladden L. Bruce. "Muscle oxygenation does not affect the prior exercise effect." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1837.
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Ufland, Pierre. "Muscle oxygenation and capacity to repeat high-intensity exercises." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0018.
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Monitoring non-invasively muscle oxygenation (mO2), inferred from oxygenated haemoglobin (Hb)/myoglobin (Mb) and deoxygenated Hb/Mb measures, has emerged at the end of the 80s with the develoment of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Today, NIRS devices are portable and make possible to continuously and remotely monitor the balance between oxygen (O2) delivery to working muscles and muscle O2 uptake in cpillary beds of the investigated muscle. For instance, while a high muscle O2 uptake ability in generaly associated with performance improvement, a low muscle O2 uptake ability may be associated with delayed metabolic recovery between successive efforts. The aims of this thesis were to examine the methodological considerations on the use of NIRS to asses mO2 and muscle O2 uptake (mVO2) (studies 1 and 2) and to consider the eventual relashionship that can exist between mO2 and physical performance during repeated high-intensity exercices (studies 2, 4 and 5). We first investigated the reliability and the sensitivity of the post exercise mO2 (study 1). We found a moderate level of reliability, which was independent of exercise intensity during an occlusion-free recovery condition. Conversely, when the recovery of NIRS-derived mVO2 was considered, measures were also moderately reliable but exercise-intensity dependent. In a subsequent study (studie 2), we examined the influence of changes of direction (COD) on mVO2. We observed a greaterm VO2 with COD (i. E. , at similar absolute running speeds, 20-m shuttle runs were associated with higher mVO2 than straight-line runs). These results suggested that mVO2 is also sensitive to running modality (i. E. , COD). In the second part of the thesis, we first examined the role of mO2 recovery in muscular force recovery during repeated-maximal effort (study 3). The results confirmed that mO2 recovery may play a moderate role on the maximal force production. Afterward, we investigated the influence of training background on mVO2 recovery post-exercise (study 4). We found that an endurance training background is associated with faster mVO2 recovery compared with a sprint training background, which was itself related to better repeated-sprint ability. Finally, in a longitudinal study (study 5), we examined the chronic changes on post-sprints mO2 after an aerobic training period. The improvement in repeated-sprint ability after training was related to the acceleration of the mO2 post-sprints, suggesting again that muscle aerobic function might play a role in the (metabolic) between-sprints recoveryIl est généralement accepté qu'une plus grande capacité de consommation d'O2 musculaire est associée à une meilleure performance aérobie. A l'inverse, une faible capacité de consommation d'O2 musculaire est également associée à une récupération inter-effort réduite/ralentie. A la fin des années 80, le suivi non invasif de l'oxygénation musculaire (mO2), déduite par la mesure de l'hémoglobine ([Hb]) / myoglobine ([Mb]) saturé en oxygène (O2) et de l'[Hb]/[Mb] dépourvu d'O2, a émergé dans de nombreuses études avec l'inclusion de la spectroscopie du proche infrarouge (NIRS). Le fait que la NIRS soit devenue portable rend libre l'évaluation continue de la balance entre apport d'O2 aux muscles en action et consommation musculaire d'O2 des lits capillaires du muscle considéré. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes attachés à examiner les considérations méthodologiques de l'utilisation de la NIRS pour évaluer mO2 et consommation d’oxygène musculaire (mVO2) (Etudes 1 et 2). Les études 2, 4 et 5 ont étudié les relations éventuelles qui peuvent exister entre la mO2 et la performance lors d'exercices répétés à haute intensité. Initialement nous avons étudié la reproductibilité et la sensibilité de mO2 post-exercice (Etude 1). Un niveau modéré de reproductibilité, ainsi qu'une indépendance des relevés en fonction de l'intensité d'exercice lors de la récupération sans occlusion ont été constatés. Par contre, lorsque la récupération de la mVO2 était observée, il fut relevé que les mesures étaient, certes modérément reproductibles à l’instar de mO2 post-exercice mais à contrario dépendantes de l'intensité d'exercice. Dans une étude subséquente (Etude 2), nous avons inspecté l'influence des changements de direction (COD) sur la mVO2. Nous avons ainsi observé une plus grande mVO2 avec COD : pour des vitesses similaires absolues de course, les courses en navette sur 20 m étaient associées à de plus grandes mVO2 que lors des courses en ligne droite. Ces résultats suggéraient que mVO2 déjà sensible à l’intensité de l’exercice, l’était aussi à la modalité de course (avec ou sans COD). En second lieu, le rôle de la mO2 sur le paramètre de récupération de force musculaire durant des efforts maximaux répétés a été examiné (Etude 3). Les résultats ont confirmé que la récupération de mO2 peut jouer un rôle modéré dans la production de force maximale. Suite à cette étude, nous avons souhaité évaluer l'influence du type d'entraînement sur la récupération de mVO2 (Etude 4). Ainsi, la comparaison entre entraînement en endurance et entraînement au sprint révèle une meilleure récupération de mVO2 dans le groupe endurance. Cette accélération de la récupération de mVO2 était liée à une meilleure capacité à répéter des sprints. L’entraînement agit donc sur le paramètre de récupération de mV2. En dernière partie, nous avons inspecté dans une étude longitudinale (Etude 5) les effets d’une période d'entraînement aérobie sur la mO2 post-sprints. L'amélioration de la capacité à répéter des sprints a été associée à l'accélération de la mO2 post-sprints, ce qui confirme que la fonction musculaire aérobie pourrait jouer un rôle au niveau dans la récupération métabolique entre les sprints
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Ferreira, Leonardo Franklin. "Dynamics of muscle blood flow, O[subscript2] uptake and muscle microvascular oxygenation during exercise." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/201.
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Dias, Wilson Vinicius. "Adaptations du métabolisme musculaire en réponse à l’exercice et à une supplémentation en antioxydants chez des patients atteints de Dystrophie Fascioscapulohumérale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTT030.
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La dystrophie FacioScapuloHumérale (FSHD), décrite pour la première fois en 1885 par Landouzy Dejerine, est la première dystrophie musculaire de l’adulte en France affectant entre 4000 et 5000 personnes. La destruction progressive des fibres musculaires entraîne une atrophie et une faiblesse musculaires s’aggravant progressivement, avec cependant une grande variabilité intra-familiale du degré des atteintes. Une caractéristique de l’atteinte musculaire est généralement son asymétrie. Les premières manifestations concernent souvent les muscles du visage, les muscles de l’omoplate et des muscles perihuméraux. En progressant la pathologie va toucher d’autres territoires musculaires. Dans environ 10 à 15 % des cas, à un stade évolué, les patients sont contraints d'utiliser un fauteuil roulant. En dépit d’avancées majeures dans la compréhension du locus morbide, les mécanismes exacts responsables des défauts musculaires de la FSHD ne sont toujours pas compris et il n’existe aucune thérapie. Toutefois, il existe de plus en plus de données qui permettent une implication probable du stress oxydant dans cette pathologie. L’hypothèse selon laquelle les réponses antioxydantes sont altérées dans la FSHD s’appuie sur des dérégulations d’enzymes impliqués dans le stress oxydant. Une étude prospective réalisée sur des patients FSHD et des volontaires sains nous a ainsi permis de mettre en évidence une corrélation entre le stress oxydant systémique et musculaire et leurs déficits fonctionnels musculaires. Ces données nous ont conduit à la mise en place d’un essai clinique randomisé, contrôlé, en double aveugle contre placébo, visant à évaluer les effets d’une supplémentation en antioxydants chez 54 patients atteints de FSHD pendant 17 semaines. Cet essai a ainsi permis de montrer une augmentation significative de la force et l’endurance des quadriceps corrélée à une diminution du stress oxydant et une augmentation des défenses antioxydantes chez les patients atteints de FSHD. De nombreuses caractéristiques de la FSHD pourraient être causées et/ou exacerbées par des perturbations de la production des espèces radicalaires ou une réponse non adaptée à cette production. Aussi le premier objectif de ma thèse est de mener une étude comparative des profils d’oxygénation par spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge de patients atteints de FSHD et sains. Le second objectif est d’évaluer l’effet de la supplémentation en antioxydant sur le volume des quadriceps par IRM et leur qualité musculaire déterminée par le ratio Force/Volume musculaire du quadriceps et d’évaluer les corrélations entre ces variables, la force et le stress oxydant. Les données obtenues ont permis de montrer une réduction de la capacité oxydative lors d’une contraction isométrique volontaire des quadriceps et ont permis d’étudier l’effet de la supplémentation sur les volumes et la qualité musculaire des quadriceps. Ces augmentations sont associées non seulement à une augmentation de la force des quadriceps mais aussi à une diminution du stress oxydant et une augmentation des défenses antioxydantes. L’ensemble de ces données montrent que le stress oxydant pourrait jouer un rôle important dans la FSHD et qu’une approche antioxydante semble adaptée à cette pathologie. Des analyses plus fines sur l’action des espèces réactives de l’oxygène (ROS) et leurs sources pourraient contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des bases physiopathologiques de la FSHDFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), first described in 1885 by Landouzy Dejerine, is the most common inherited skeletal muscle disease of adult life affecting 4000 to 5000 persons in France. Progressive evolution of the disease leads to progressive weakness and atrophy of muscle fibers associated to a wide variability. The pattern of muscle weakness is often asymmetrical and the rate and extent of progression may vary considerably with sudden periods of unexplained rapid disease progression. This muscle disorder is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, beginning with facial muscles and the shoulder girdle, followed by the pelvic girdle and the muscles of the lower extremities. In 10 to 15% of cases, patients need to use a wheelchair. Despite major progress in the understanding of the genetic basis of FSHD, the exact mechanisms that lead to FSHD defects are not completely understood and no curative treatment is available. However, there is growing evidence that oxidative stress may contribute to FSHD pathology. The hypothesis that oxidative stress responses might be specifically altered in FSHD is supported by the deregulation of enzymes involved in oxidative stress.A prospective study realized with FSHD patients and healthy subjects unrevealed the correlation between systemic and muscular oxidative stress and functional muscle defects. Based on these data, we organized a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial in order to evaluate the effects of 17 weeks antioxidant supplementation in 54 FSHD patients. This clinical trial demonstrates a significant increase in muscle force and quadriceps endurance correlated to a decrease in oxidative stress and an increase in antioxidant defense in FSHD patientsFurthermore, many FSHD features may be caused or exacerbated by perturbations in the production of free radicals or inappropriate response to such stressors. Therefore the first objective was planned to investigate muscle oxygenation patterns during and after a MVCQ by near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopy (NIRS). The second objective is to evaluate the effect of antioxidant supplementation on quadriceps volumes by IRM and determine the muscle quality using Strength/ Volume ratio of quadriceps muscles and correlate this variables with force and oxidative stress parameters.The major findings of this study show a significant decrease in oxidative capacity during voluntary isometric contraction in quadriceps and demonstrate the effect of supplementation on muscle volume and quality. Indeed, vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc and selenium supplementation improves muscle volume and quality of both quadriceps by enhancing the antioxidant defences and reducing oxidative stress.This increase are associated to increase in strength and decrease in oxidative stress and increase in antioxidant defences. Taken together, we show that oxidative stress plays an important role in FSHD and that an anti-oxidant strategy adapted to the FSHD-specific “oxidative stress” may be a relevant therapeutic approach for these patients. Further analyses of ROS production and sources could contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in FSHD
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Greenbaum, Adam Raphael. "A microelectrode study of skeletal muscle oxygenation and perfusion during rest and electrical stimulation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7744.
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Germain, Geneviève. "Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on exercise-induced muscle injury." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29504.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of HBO2 therapy on exercise-induced muscle damage. Subjects (n = 16 university student volunteers) were randomly divided into an experimental group that received HBO2 therapy and a control group that did not receive any treatments. HBO2 treatments consisted of 5 sessions of breathing 95% oxygen at 2.5 atm abs for 100 min. Temporary muscle soreness was created using a single-leg eccentric exercise task involving the quadriceps femoris. Over the next 14 days, measurements were obtained on muscle soreness, leg circumference, quadriceps peak torque, quadriceps average power, fatigue and plasma creative kinase. After eccentric exercise, plasma CK levels and perceived muscle soreness were elevated but were not different between HBO2 and control groups. HBO2 therapy did not alter leg circumference, quadriceps peak torque, average power or fatigue compared to the control group. The data indicated that five HBO2 treatments did not speed recovery following eccentric exercise that induced temporary muscle damage.
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Dascombe, Benjamin James, and b. dascombe@cqu edu au. "Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Oxygenation Responses to Exercise in Well-Trained Young and Middle-Aged Cyclists." Central Queensland University. Department of Health and Human Performance, 2007. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20070719.105750.
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This thesis details four consecutive research investigations which were designed to examine the effect of age on the pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2)and muscle oxygenation (mOxy) responses to exercise in well-trained cyclists. (Abridged)
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Waltz, Xavier. "Rhéologie sanguine, microcirculation, oxygénation tissulaire et hypoxémie, au repos et à l'exercice, chez les patients atteints de la drépanocytose." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0563/document.
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La drépanocytose est une hémoglobinopathie aux formes et aux sévérités cliniques très hétérogènes qui affectent de nombreux organes chez les patients touchés. Pour cette raison le terme de syndrome drépanocytaire majeur est généralement employé. Tous les syndromes drépanocytaires majeurs ont en commun une mutation ponctuelle du gène β-globine appelée mutation βs . Cette mutation βs conduit à la synthèse de la protéine d'hémoglobine S (HbS) caractérisée par sa capacité à polymériser dans sa forme désoxygénée. La polymérisation de l'HbS est l'élément déclencheur de la falciformation du globule rouge et conduit à de nombreuses altérations hématologiques et hémorhéologiques. Ces dernières sont à l'origine de troubles de l'hémodynamique, de l'oxygénation sanguine et de la perfusion tissulaire en oxygène. Il en résulte de nombreuses complications aigues (crise vaso-occlusive, accident vasculaire cérébral, syndrome thoracique aigu etc.) et/ou chroniques (glomérulopathie, ostéonécrose de la tête fémorale etc.) causés par un défaut d'oxygénation des tissusSickle cell anemia is a hemoglobinopathy forms and severities very heterogeneous clinical affecting many organs in affected patients. For this reason the term major sickle cell syndrome is generally used. All major sickle cell syndromes have a common point mutation in the gene called β-globin mutation βs. This βs mutation leads to the synthesis of the protein hemoglobin S (HbS) is characterized by its ability to polymerize in its deoxygenated form. The polymerization of HbS is the trigger for the sickling of red blood cells and leads to many Hematological and hemorheological. These are at the origin of disorders hemodynamics, blood oxygenation and tissue perfusion with oxygen. This results in many acute complications (vaso-occlusive crisis, stroke, acute chest syndrome, etc..) And / or chronic (glomerulopathy, osteonecrosis of the femoral head etc.). Caused by a defect of tissue oxygenation
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Barron, David James. "Muscle transformation of cardiomyoplasty : perfusion, oxygenation and conditioning of the Latissimus dorsi." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272203.
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Muthalib, Makii. "Effects of muscle contractions on biceps brachii oxygenation investigated by near-infrared spectroscopy." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1894.
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Oxidative metabolism is the dominant source of energy for skeletal muscle. To investigate muscle oxidative metabolism, it is necessary to measure muscle oxygen (O2) consumption during exercise. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows for the noninvasive investigation of muscle oxidative metabolism during exercise at a high time resolution. However, limited studies have used NIRS to compare oxidative metabolic responses of the biceps brachii during lengthening (eccentric), shortening (concentric) and static (isometric) voluntary contractions, and electrically evoked isometric contractions. Therefore, the overall purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effects of muscle contractions on biceps brachii oxygenation and haemodynamics using NIRS...
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Basoudan, Nada. "Respiratory muscle oxygenation and myoelectrical manifestations during normoxic and hypoxic inspiratory threshold loading." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56672.
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Grobler, Lara. "The effect of graduated compression socks on calf muscle oxygenation of endurance athletes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71677.
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Thesis (M Sport Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Compression socks (CS) are used as an ergogenic aid during and after exercise by many athletes of elite and recreational status. The exact mechanism whereby CS affect performance and postexercise recovery is not yet elucidated. Some research ascribes the beneficial effects to improved lactate removal rates with CS. One hypothesis is that CS improve venous return and thereby remove the lactate from the tissue to other tissues such as the liver, and the second hypothesis is that the CS cause retention of the lactate within the muscle and therefore improve the oxidation of the lactate within the muscle (Berry & McMurray, 1987). The current study endeavoured to test the hypothesis set by Berry and McMurray (1987) by measuring the effect of CS as well as flight socks (FS) on muscle oxygenation during exercise and recovery in endurance trained runners and triathletes. Eleven male endurance trained runners and triathletes (age = 34.8 ± 3.8 years, VO2max = 52.4 ± 7.1 mL.kg-1.min-1) participated in the study. They completed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion to determine their maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) and peak treadmill velocity (PTV). Then they completed two 10 km treadmill running tests at 80 % of their PTV. During these two trials participants wore either CS or FS; the order of treatment was randomly selected. A subset of the study sample (n = 5) also completed a control test wearing only their ankle length sport socks (NS). After these trials, participants completed a 60 minute passive recovery period in the seated position while muscle oxygenation was measured. Compression under the socks was measured at several anatomically determined measurement points prior to the commencement of the exercise test, along with the determination of blood haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]). During the exercise trials, blood lactate concentration ([BLa]), skin temperature (ST),oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), heart rate (HR), and muscle oxygenation variables (oxy-haemoglobin (O2Hb), deoxy-haemoglobin (HHb), tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and total haemoglobin index (nTHI)) was measured . During the 60minute passive recovery period, [BLa], ST, O2Hb, HHb, TOI, and nTHI measurements were continued. The results showed that there were differences in the pressure exerted between the two pressure condition (CS and FS) at the posterior ankle, and under the elastic of the sock as well as on the anterior calf at the level of greatest calf circumference. Differences in ST between the CS and NS and the FS and NS conditions were found between the first four 2 km intervals of the exercise protocol, but not during recovery. No differences were found in [BLa] between the three different compression conditions during either the exercise (p = 0.19) or recovery period (p = 0.63), as well as no differences in the cardiorespiratory variables during exercise between the three different compression conditions (VO2, p = 0.06; VCO2, p = 0.12; HR, p = 0.36). With regard to the muscle oxygenation variables, no differences were found between the three compression conditions during exercise, however there was a trend for lower oxygen utilization (HHb) during exercise in the NS condition (p = 0.57, medium to large practical significance). There were also no differences in these variables (O2Hb, p = 0.65; HHb, p = 0.57; TOI, p = 0.39; nTHI, p = 0.22) during recovery, although oxygen utilization (HHb) showed a faster recovery rate with increasing external pressure. From the results obtained, it seems that external compression caused a decrease in the blood flow velocity within the muscle, thereby increasing oxygen diffusion rate. During exercise this did not facilitate differences in [BLa], however, after the first 10 minutes of the recovery period, large practical differences were found between the NS and both sock conditions, suggesting that the increase in oxygen diffusion improved lactate clearance. This could support the hypothesis set by Berry and McMurray (1987).
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kompressie sokkies (CS) word gereeld deur beide rekreasie- en elite atlete gebruik as ‘n ergogeniese hulpmiddlel tydens oefening en herstel. Die presiese meganisme waardeur CS prestasie en post-oefening herstel beïnvloed is nog nie volledig verklaar nie. Sommige navorsing skryf die voordelige effekte toe aan die vinniger herstel van laktaat in die sirkulasie. Daar is tans twee hipoteses vir die meganisme waardeur CS laktaat verwydering verbeter. Die eerste hipotese is dat CS die veneuse terugvoer verbeter en daardeur die laktaat van die weefsel verwyder en na ander weefsels soos die lewer vervoer vir verwydering. Die tweede hipotese is dat CS veroorsaak dat die laktaat in die spierweefsel teruggehou word wat dan tot gevolg het dat die laktaat in die spier self deur middel van oksidasie verwyder word (Berry & McMurray, 1987). Hierdie studie poog om Berry en McMurray (1987) se hipotese te toets deur die effek wat CS sowel as vlugsokkies (FS) op spieroksigenasie het gedurende oefening en herstel in geoefende uithouvermoë hardlopers en driekamp atlete vas te stel. Elf ingeoefende langafstand hardlopers en driekampatlete (mans) (ouderdom = 34.8 ± 3.8 jaar; VO2maks = 52.4 ± 7.1 mL.kg-1.min-1) het aan hierdie studie deel geneem. Die deelnemers het ‘n inkrementele toets tot die punt van uitputting voltooi om hul maksimale aërobiese kapasiteit (VO2maks) en piek trapmeul snelheid (PTV) vas te stel. Die elf deelnemers het ook twee 10 km hardlooptoetse teen 80 % van hul PTV voltooi. Gedurende hierdie twee toetse het die deelnemers óf CS óf FS gedra; die volgorde van die intervensie was lukraak aan hulle toegeken. ‘n Subgroep van die steekproef (n = 5) het ook ‘n kontrole toets voltooi waartydens hulle hul eie enkelhoogte sport sokkies (NS) gedra het. Aan die einde van die hardloop protokol het die deelnemers ‘n 60 minuut passiewe herstel periode in die sittende posisie voltooi terwyl spieroksigenasie gemeet is. Kompressie onder die sokkies is voor die aanvang van die hardloop protokol by verskeie anatomies gedefinieerde punte gemeet. Verder was die bloed hemoglobien konsentrasie ([Hb]) ook gemeet voor die hardloop protokol. Tydens die oefeningtoets is bloedlaktaat konsentrasie ([Hb]), veltemperatuur (ST), suurstof verbruik (VO2), koolstofdioksied produksie (VCO2), harttempo (HR), sowel as spieroksigenasie veranderlikes (oksi-hemoglobien (O2Hb), deoksi-hemoglobien (HHb), weefsel oksigenasie indeks (TOI), en totale hemoglobien indeks (nTHI)) gemeet. Gedurende die 60 minuut passiewe hersteltydperk is [BLa], ST, O2Hb, HHb, TOI en nTHI metings geneem. Die resultate toon dat daar ‘n verskil is in die druk wat uitgeoefen word in die onderskeie druktoestande (CS en FS) op die been by die posterior enkel en onder die rek van die sokkie, sowel as op die anterior kuit waar die kuit die grootste omtrek het. Verdere verskille tussen die CS en NS en die FS en NS toestande is in ST gevind in the eerste vier 2 km intervalle van die oefeningtoets, alhoewel geen verskille tydens die herstelperiode gevind is nie. Tydens beide die oefening (p = 0.19) en herstel (p = 0.63) protokol is geen verskille tussen die drie kompressie toestande met betrekking tot [BLa] gevind nie. En so ook is daar geen verskille tussen die onderskeie kompressie toestande in kardiorespiratoriese veranderlikes (VO2, p = 0.06; VCO2, p = 0.12; HR, p = 0.36) tydens oefening gevind nie. Met betrekking tot spieroksigenasie veranderlikes was daar geen verskil gevind tussen die drie kompressietoestande gedurende oefening nie, alhoewel daar ‘n tendens was vir die NS toestand om tydens oefening minder suurstofverbruik (HHb) (p = 0.57, medium tot groot praktiese effek) te lewer. So ook gedurende herstel is daar geen verskil in hierdie veranderlikes (O2Hb, p = 0.65; HHb, p = 0.57; TOI, p = 0.39; nTHI, p = 0.22) gevind nie, alhoewel die suurstofverbruik (HHb) vinniger na die basislyn herstel het met ‘n toename in druk. Die resultate toon dat eksterne kompressie ‘n afname in die bloedvloei tempo in die spier veroorsaak wat dan ‘n verlengde suurstof diffusie tyd veroorsaak. Hierdie verlengde suurstof diffusie tyd het geen effek op [BLa] tydens oefening gehad nie, alhoewel daar na die eerste 10 minute van die herstelperiode ‘n groot praktiese verskil tussen die NS en sokkie toestande gevind was in [BLa]. Hierdie verskil kan daarop dui dat die toename in suurstof diffusie verbeterde laktaat verwydering tot gevolg het, wat dan die hipotese van Berry en McMurray (1987) ondersteun.
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Kruse, Nicholas T. "Blood Flow and Oxygenation Dynamics as a Result of Human Skeletal Muscle Stretching." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430471839.
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DiMenna, Fred J. "The influence of muscle fibre recruitment on VO2 kinetics." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/106719.
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When O2 uptake at the lung is used to characterise the oxidative metabolic response to increased contractile activity ( O2 kinetics) in exercising muscle, the O2 profile reflects the combined influence of all involved muscle fibres. Consequently, during high-intensity exercise that mandates activation of fibres with considerable metabolic diversity (e.g., both principal fibre types), response characteristics specific to discrete segments of the recruited pool cannot be determined. The purpose of this thesis was to identify fibre-type-specific effects of conditions that might impact O2 delivery and/or motor unit recruitment patterns on O2 kinetics by using two models that increase fibre recruitment homogeneity during exercise transitions. In four experiments, subjects initiated high-intensity exercise from a moderate baseline (i.e., performed ‘work-to-work’ transitions; M→H) to target higher-order fibres, and in two experiments, subjects cycled at extremely slow and fast pedal rates to skew recruitment toward slow- and fast-twitch fibres, respectively. At mid-range contraction frequency, O2 kinetics (as indicated by the primary time constant, τp) was slower for M→H compared to unloaded-to-high-intensity transitions (U→H) (e.g., 42 v. 33 s; Ch 4) and this slowing was ~50% greater for M→H in a supine body position (decreased oxygenation; Ch 6). Slower kinetics was also present for U→H cycling at fast compared to slow pedal rates (τp, 48 v. 31 s; Ch 8). Conversely, M→H slowing relative to U→H was absent at extreme cadences (36 v. 31 s and 53 v. 48 s for slow and fast, respectively; Ch 7). After ‘priming’ (increased oxygenation), τp was reduced for U→H after fast-cadence priming only (Ch 8) and for M→H in the supine position (Ch 6), but unaffected for upright cycle and prone knee-extension M→H, for which priming reduced the O2 slow component and delayed-onset fibre activation (as indicated by iEMG; Chs 4 and 5). These results provide evidence in exercising humans that high-order fibres possess innately slow O2 kinetics and are acutely susceptible to interventions that might alter O2 delivery to muscle.
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Kowalsky, Jennifer M. "Variation in Cerebral Oxygenation during Whole Blood Donation: The Impact of Applied Muscle Tension." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1306864597.
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Craig, Jesse Charles. "Effect of beetroot supplementation on conduit artery blood flow and muscle oxygenation during handgrip exercise." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19093.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Kinesiology
Thomas J. Barstow
Dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice (BR) has been shown to have positive effects on mitochondrial and muscle efficiency during large muscle mass exercise in humans, and more recently on locomotory muscle blood flow [Q-dot] in rats. To date, an integrated measure of these effects has not been performed in humans. Therefore, we assessed the influence of BR on [Q-dot] and muscle oxygenation characteristics during moderate and severe intensity handgrip exercise. Seven healthy men (age: 25 ± 3 yrs; height: 179 ± 4 cm; weight: 82 ± 9 kg) completed four constant-power exercise tests randomly assigned to condition (BR or placebo (PL)) and intensity (moderate (40% peak) or severe (85% peak)). Resting mean arterial pressure was significantly lower after BR compared to PL (79.3 ± 5.8 vs 86.8 ± 6.7 mmHg; p < 0.01). All subjects were able to sustain 10 min of exercise at moderate intensity in both conditions. BR had no significant effect on exercise tolerance during severe (342 ± 83 vs 382 ± 138 s, p = 0.382). Brachial artery [Q-dot] was not significantly different after BR at rest or any time during exercise in either intensity. Deoxygenated-[hemoglobin + myoglobin] was elevated at min 2 & 3 for moderate (p < 0.05) and throughout severe exercise (p = 0.03) after BR. The estimated metabolic cost ([V-dot]O₂) was not significantly different during either intensity after BR. These findings support the notion that an acute dose of BR may be valuable to reduce blood pressure in young adults, but revealed that it does not augment [Q-dot] or [V-dot]O₂ during small muscle mass handgrip exercise.
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Herspring, Kyle F. "Effects of antioxidants on contracting spinotrapezius muscle microvascular oxygenation and blood flow in aged rats." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/700.
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Bowen, Thomas Edward Scott. "The plasticity of gas exchange and muscle oxygenation dynamics during exercise in health and disease." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589383.
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Physical inactivity is a primary risk factor for most chronic diseases and accounts for many deaths worldwide. Physical inactivity predisposes towards exercise intolerance, which is the strongest predictor of mortality in health and disease. The ability to sustain exercise is predominantly determined by the ability of the body to transport and utilize oxygen, however the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance remains poorly understood. The current thesis described four experimental studies to investigate the plasticity of oxygen uptake (\/02) and skeletal muscle microvascular oxygenation dynamics under the conditions of health, disease, prior exercise, and hypoxia, in an attempt to better understand the control and limitation of aerobic energy transfer during exercise and its association with exercise intolerance. The initial study developed the first clinical assessment of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients that was able to delineate between attainment of the peak and maximum \/02, The nature of the test design, incorporating prior high-intensity exercise, further revealed that a large subset of patients were able to increase peak \/02 acutely, and this may represent a novel therapeutic target in CHF. To better understand the aetiology of this effect, a moderate-intensity warm- up exercise intervention was used, and revealed two subsets of CHF patients: those in whom \/02 kinetics were limited by a microvascular oxygen delivery and those in whom an intramuscular pathology of oxygen utilization was implicated: the latter being associated with greater disease severity. In vi addition, this study revealed a transient dynamic overshoot in microvascular deoxygenation during exercise - common to CHF - was ameliorated by prior activity, and this was associated with speeded \/02 kinetics. These findings were mirrored in healthy humans, where progressive reductions in oxygen delivery were associated with a lower microvascular oxygenation. These studies confirmed for the first time in humans that the transient microvascular deoxygenation can limit \/02 kinetics. Impairments to skeletal muscle oxygenation therefore likely contribute to the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance demonstrated in health and disease. The final study focused on intramuscular mechanisms that slow \/02 kinetics in health. This study confirmed \/02 kinetics were slowed when exercise was initiated from a raised moderate-intensity work rate, but this was consequent to the raised metabolic rate per se. A reduced intracellular energetic state in the active muscle fibres was implicated to be the mechanism slowing \/02 kinetics during the transient. Overall, the in vivo and in silico evidence collected here has provided new insight into the physiology and pathophysiology underpinning the dynamics of aerobic energy transfer during exercise and its association with exercise intolerance in health and disease. The experiments presented are expected to form the basis of novel therapeutic strategies that may help ameliorate pathological symptoms in CHF and other disease states characterized by exercise intolerance.
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McCarthy, G. J. "Clinical studies of muscle relaxation and antagonism in the elderly : with special reference to oxygenation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317448.
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Abbott, John. "Bilateral Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics In Response To Repeat Sprint Cycling In Strong And Weak Individuals." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3696.
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Repeat sprint ability has been investigated thoroughly, however optimal training methodology to improve RSA remains elusive. Both kinetic and physiological viewpoints have been used to scrutinize aspects of RSA including, initial sprint performance (anaerobic power), maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), lactate threshold, anaerobic capacity (mean power), muscle activation (EMG), and local muscle oxygenation kinetics. To our knowledge no study has utilized maximal strength levels as a separate factor among a homogenous group of cardiorespiratory fitness individuals (as determined by peak VO2 during RSA). The purpose of this study was to better understand the relationship between maximal strength, muscular characteristics, and cycling RSA- respective to muscle oxygenation responses. Fifteen participants completed fifteen 10-second maximal effort sprints on a cycle ergometer interspersed with 30-seconds passive recovery. Respiratory, muscle oxygenation, and kinetic responses were monitored continuously and evaluated relationships with maximal strength and muscular architecture as determined by isometric mid-thigh pull and ultrasonography respectively. A series of 2 x 15 mixed design, group x time, ANOVA’s were used to evaluate the effects of group and or sprint on muscle oxygenation kinetics. Strong individuals were found to have significantly greater levels of muscle oxygenation usage, recovery and the respective rates; p = 0.01, p = 0.02, p
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Cannon, Daniel Timothy. "The dynamics of skeletal muscle metabolism, oxygenation, and fatigue during high-intensity exercise in humans." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713485.
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Exercise tolerance is a key determinant of mortality risk and quality of life. While the public health impact of poor exercise tolerance is now well known, the mechanisms which underpin intolerance are largely uncertain. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the cascade of events that bring about systems limits during high-intensity work. During constant work rate exercise above the lactate threshold (LT), the kinetics of oxygen uptake (V02) are supplemented by a VO2 slow component (202 ) which reduces work efficiency. It has been postulated that this reduction in efficiency is due to progressive fatigue and motor unit recruitment. We, therefore, characterised changes in the power-velocity relationship during sub- and supra-LT cycle ergometry in concert with VO2 kinetics. Velocity-specific peak power was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by 3 min of heavy (-103 ± 46 W) and very-heavy exercise (-216 ± 60 W), with no further change by 8 min. These results suggested that muscle fatigue is requisite for the VO2sc. However, the maintenance of velocity-specific peak power between 3 and 8 min suggests that progressive muscle recruitment is not obligatory.
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Jöbsis, Paul D. "Muscle oxygenation and blood flow during submersion in ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and seals (phoca vitulina) /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907822.
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Trofe, Aurelio <1985>. "Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (pemfs) on muscle activity, tissue oxygenation and vo2 during exercise." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10447/1/EFFECT%20OF%20PULSED%20ELECTROMAGNETIC%20FIELDS%20%28PEMFS%29%20ON%20MUSCLE%20ACTIVITY%2C%20TISSUE%20OXYGENATION%20AND%20VO2%20DURING%20EXERCISE..pdf.
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PEMF are a medical and non-invasive therapy successfully used for clinical treatments of bone disease, due to the piezoelectric effect that improve bone mass and density, by the stimulation of osteoblastogenesis, with modulation of calcium storages and mineral metabolism. PEMF enhance tissue oxygenation, microcirculation and angiogenesis, in rats and cells erythrocytes, in cells-free assay. Such responses could be caused by a modulation of nitric oxide signal and interaction between PEMF and Ca2+/NO/cGMP/PKG signal. PEMF improve blood flow velocity of smallest vein without changing their diameter. PEMF therapy helpful in patients with diabetes, due to increased microcirculation trough enhance capillary blood velocity and diameter. We investigated the influence of stimulation on muscular activity, tissue oxygenation and pulmonary VO2, during exercise, on different intensity, as heavy or moderate, different subjects, as a athlete or sedentary, and different sport activity, as a cycling or weightlifting. In athletes, we observed a tendency for a greater change and a faster kinetic of HHb concentration. PEMF increased the velocity and the quantity of muscle O2 available, leading to accelerate the HHb kinetics. Stimulation induced a bulk muscle O2 availability and a greater muscle O2 extraction, leading to a reduced time delay of the HHb slow component. Stimulation increased the amplitude of muscle activity under different conditions, likely caused by the effect of PEMF on contraction mechanism of muscular fibers, by the change of membrane permeability and Ca2+ channel conduction. In athletes, we observed an increase of overall activity during warm-up. In sedentary people, stimulation increased the magnitude of muscle activity during moderate constant-load exercise and warm-up. In athletes and weightlifters, stimulation caused an increase of blood lactate concentration during exercise, confirming a possible influence of stimulation on muscle activity and on glycolytic metabolism of type-II muscular fibers.
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Rasdal, Vegard. "Oxygen Consumption in Cycling : The Relationship between Whole Body Pulmonary O2 Consumption and Muscle Oxygenation in Different Muscles During Constant-Load Cycling." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bevegelsesvitenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22821.
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Introduction: Oxygen consumption during prolonged cycling exercise has been extensively studied at different work rates and durations, but with the focus primarily on pulmonary oxygen consumption (pVO2). The purpose of this study was to use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to investigate the relationship between pVO2 and local oxygenation responses in six active leg muscles during prolonged constant-load cycling at different intensities. Methods: 26 recreational male cyclists performed a constant-load high-intensity cycling test at 75% maximal aerobic power (MAP) for 30 min duration or until exhaustion. Of the 26 subjects, 14 performed a constant-load low-intensity cycling test for the same duration as well, at 50% of the work rate found to elicit blood lactate levels of 4 mmol∙l-1 during incremental exercise. Pulmonary gas exchange (pVO2, RER, VE), heart rate, and NIRS measurements of the muscles vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GMax), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), and tibialis anterior (TA) were obtained continuously through both tests, while blood lactate and RPE was measured at specific time intervals. Results: Local oxygenation measurement for all the muscles collectively behaved in a similar manner as pVO2 at both intensities with an increase in O2 utilization only found in the initial phase, and additionally showed a surprisingly homogenous response. However, differences were found between the muscle groups with heterogeneity in regard to the amount of desaturation at low- and high-intensity. Discussion: Although the local responses were similar to each other and that of pVO2, differences were found between the muscles with heterogeneity in regard to the amount of saturation. The distal muscles TA and GL showed less difference in saturation between low-intensity and high-intensity than the more proximal muscles (VL, VM, BF, and GMax). Also the BF and GMax muscles were found to behave different with a lack of TSI steady-state during high-intensity. Conclusion: The use of NIRS might provide a noninvasive and direct way of measuring local oxygenation responses in muscles and provide an indication of the work contribution of various muscles during cycling exercise. Although local oxygenation responses across the muscles were in agreement with pVO2, difference in amount of saturation was found between muscle groups in the present study. Also peripheral differences were found between the subjects able to complete 30-min constant-load high-intensity cycling and those who did not. Key words: Near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS, cycling, constant-load, VO2, local oxygenation, tissue saturation, SmO2, muscle, muscle groups.
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Lauver, Jakob Del. "The Effect of Eccentric Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Damage, Neuromuscular Activation, and Microvascular Oxygenation." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1430489158.
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Erupaka, Kinnera. "DETERMINATION OF THE EXTRAVASCULAR BURDEN OF CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) ON HUMAN HEART." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/501.
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Noninvasive measurements of myocardial carboxymyoglobin levels (%MbCO) and oxygen tensions (PtO2) are difficult to obtain experimentally. We have developed a compartmental model which allows prediction of myocardial %MbCO levels and PtO2 for varied carbon monoxide (CO) exposures. The cardiac compartment in the model consists of vascular subcompartments which contain two tissue subcompartments varying in capillary density. Mass-balance equations for oxygen (O2) and CO are applied for all compartments. Myocardial oxygen consumption and blood flow are quantified from predictive formulas based on heart rate. Model predictions are validated with experimental data at normoxia, hypoxia, exercise and hyperoxia. CO exposures of varying concentration and time (short-high, long-low), CO rebreathing during 100% O2, and exposure during exercise is simulated. Results of the simulations demonstrate that during CO exposures and subsequent therapies, the temporal changes of %MbCO in the heart differ from those of carboxyhemoglobin levels (%HbCO). Analysis of correlation between %HbCO, %MbCO and PtO2 was done to understand myocardial injury due to CO hypoxia. This thesis demonstrates that the model is able to anticipate the uptake and distribution of CO in the human myocardium and thus can be used to estimate the extravascular burden (MbCO, PtO2 ) of CO on the human heart.
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BRILLAULT, SALVAT CECILE. "Approche integree du metabolisme et de la perfusion musculaire en imagerie et spectroscopie par resonance magnetique nucleaire." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA11T040.
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Zhou, Haiying. "Multi-Scale Model Analysis of O2 Transport and Metabolism: Effects of Hypoxia and Exercise." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1254502393.
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Hilgert, Elcadi Guilherme. "Near infrared spectroscopy for assessing oxygenation and hemodynamics in the upper extremities of healthy subjects and patients with work-related muscle pain." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Rehabiliteringsmedicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-63099.
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The prevalence of work-related muscle pain (WRMP) is large in the general population in the industrialized world. Despite significant advances over recent years in some research areas, the mechanisms of why WRMP occurs and the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the disorders are still unclear. One suggested explanation is that WRMP is caused initially by a limitation of the local muscle circulation and oxidative metabolism. There is a lack of objective methods to gauge the development and diagnosis of WRMP. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive technique that allows for determinations of oxygenation and blood flow. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate NIRS (1) as a method for measuring muscle oxygenation and hemodynamics for the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and trapezius descendens muscles (TD), and (2) to investigate whether variables measured by NIRS differed between patients diagnosed with WRMP and healthy subjects. Several variables of NIRS were produced and investigated. These included muscle oxygenation (StO2%), changes during contractions (ΔStO2%) and StO2% recovery (Rslope), total hemoglobin (HbT) as an indication of blood volume and its changes during contractions (ΔHbT). In addition, for the ECR, by applying an upper arm venous occlusion (VO) HbTslope increase as a surrogate of blood flow, and for both VO and arterial occlusion (AO) HHbslope increase (i.e. deoxyhemoglobin slope) as a surrogate of oxygen consumption were variables of interest. A first objective was to determine how StO2% and HbT responded to various contraction forces and how it related to muscle activation measured by electromyography (EMG). For both muscles isometric contractions of 10, 30, 50 and 70% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were maintained for 20 s each by healthy males and females; additionally a 10% MVC contraction was sustained for 5 min. For the different contraction levels, predictable relationships were seen between ΔStO2% and force, and between ΔStO2% and EMG RMS amplitude. The general trend was a decrease in ΔStO2% with increasing force and increasing EMG. Females showed a tendency for a higher oxygen use (i.e., drop in StO2%) for the ECR over force levels than males and a higher RMS% MVC for the TD. For the 10% MVC contraction sustained for 5 min gender specific changes over time for HbT and RMS for the ECR, and for StO2% for the TD muscle were seen. A second objective was to determine the day-to-day reliability of NIRS variables for the ECR and TD muscles at group level (Pooled data) and at gender level (males and females). Measurements were performed on two occasions separated by 4-6 days and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and limits of agreement (LOA) were determined as reliability and reproducibility indicators, respectively. Variables tested were ΔStO2% during submaximal isometric contractions of 10, 30, 50 and 70% MVC and StO2% recovery (Rslope) after contractions and after AO. For the ECR, HbTslope as an indication of blood flow (using VO) and HHbslope as a surrogate of oxygen consumption for both VO and AO were computed. For ΔStO2% for the ECR the highest ICC was at 30% MVC for both the pooled data and at gender level. For the TD ICCs were comparably high for 30, 50, 70 % MVC (for both muscles the ΔStO2% at 10% MVC showed the lowest ICC). Further, females showed a higher ICC than males for contraction levels of 50 and 70% MVC. For both muscles, LOA for ΔStO2% was lowest at 10% and highest at 50 and 70% MVC. For the ECR Rslope ICCs were high for all contraction levels, but was lower for AO; LOA was lowest at 70% MVC. For the TD, Rslope ICCs were also high for all contraction levels and LOA was lowest at 30 % MVC. ICC for HbTslope was the lowest of all variables tested. For HHbslope ICC was higher for AO than for VO, and LOA was lower for AO. A third objective was to determine if there were differences between healthy subjects and patients diagnosed with WRMP in ΔStO2% and ΔHbT responses during varying submaximal contractions (10, 30, 50 and 70% MVC), and StO2% recovery (Rslope) immediately after contractions and AO. Additional variables tested in the ECR at rest were HHbslope to indicate oxygen consumption (using AO) and HbTslope as an indication of blood flow. There were no differences between groups in ΔStO2% and ΔHbT variables during the contractions or Rslope in the recovery after contractions or AO. Furthermore, HbTslope was not different between groups However, oxygen consumption for the ECR and StO2% for the TD at rest were significantly greater for healthy subjects compared to patients. A fourth objective was to determine if there were differences in StO2% and HbT between healthy subjects and WRMP patients during a 12 min sustained contraction of 15 % MVC. In addition, the protocol included a recovery period of 30 min. Prior to contraction, as well as during the recovery period, HbTslope as a surrogate of blood flow was determined for the ECR. Neither the ECR nor the TD exhibited significant differences between groups for StO2% and HbT during the contraction. For the TD patients showed a lower StO2% value at rest and throughout the contraction than healthy subjects. For the ECR HbT during the sustained contraction the general trend was an initial decrease with gradual increase throughout the contraction for both groups. For HbTslope no differences were seen between patients and healthy subjects before the sustained contraction and during the recovery period for both muscles. NIRS is deemed a suitable technique for assessing physiological measurements of the upper extremity, including for day-to-day testing. NIRS was not able to distinguish between the patients with WRMP and controls. A concern in the thesis is the characteristics of the patient group in being equally active in recreational sports, actively working, and similar in muscle strength as controls. Thus, applying NIRS for studying a more severe patient group could yield different results.
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Dodhy, Sami. "EFFECTS OF ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION ON THE LOCAL REGULATION OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, TISSUE OXYGENATION AND BLOOD SUPPLY IN RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3250.
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In resting muscle, blood flow is regulated to meet the demand for O2 by the tissue. A modified ischemia (I)/reperfusion(R) investigation was systematically run and PISFO2, PaO2, Q and VO2 were observed. Twenty-nine spinotrapezius muscles from male Sprague-Dawley rats (284±20 grams) were surgically exteriorized for intravital microscopy to test a model relating blood flow, O2 supply and O2 demand. The model can aid in the understanding of the regulation of tissue PO2. The interstitial PO2 (PISFO2) and perivascular PO2 (PaO2) measurements were made using phosphorescence quenching microscopy (PQM). O2 consumption (VO2) values were obtained with a quasi-continuous, flash-synchronized, pressurized airbag to initiate ischemia and sample the rate of O¬2 change (dPO2/dt). Centerline red blood cell velocity was measured with an Optical Doppler Velocimeter and converted to flow using vessel diameter. 5-, 15-, 30-, 60-, 300- and 600-second ischemic durations were used to observe changes in PISFO2, Q, and VO2. A critical point was observed following 30 seconds of (I) where dPISFO2/dt during recovery was the fastest (4.25±0.72 mmHg/s) and was 1.00±0.16 mmHg/s following 600 seconds. Flow recovery, dQ/dt, peaked to 3.88±0.64 (µl•min-1)/s after 60 seconds of (I) but significantly dropped to 2.83±0.55 (µl•min-1)/s following 300 seconds of (I) but increased to 2.92±0.45 (µl•min-1)/s following 600 seconds. This gives evidence to a no-reflow phenomenon occurring in the extended periods of ischemia. A peak in VO¬2 to 309.2±45.0 nl O2/cm3•s with a time course of 160 seconds occurred following 600 seconds of ischemia. As the ischemic duration decreased, the time course and peak VO2 also decreased. VO2 following 300 seconds of (I) was significantly higher than 5-60 seconds of (I) (p <0.05) but was not significantly different from 600 seconds of (I). The information collected during the Q and VO2 studies can be incorporated into a factor, M, that relates VO2, Q and ∆PO2. M calculated for the recovery of 5- through 60-second (I) groups reasonably relates the three variables due to consistency and little variability. However, recovery in 600- and especially 300-second (I) groups showed higher variability in M which requires more consideration.
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Kowalsky, Jennifer M. "The Effects of Applied Muscle Tension and Respiratory Interventions on Self-Reported Syncopal Symptoms and Cerebral Oxygenation in Healthy Adults with High Needle Fear." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1470771478.
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Urell, Charlotte. "Lung Function, Respiratory Muscle Strength and Effects of Breathing Exercises in Cardiac Surgery Patients." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192208.
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Background: Breathing exercises are widely used after cardiac surgery. The duration of exercises in the immediate postoperative period is not fully evaluated and only limited data regarding the effects of home-based breathing exercises after discharge from hospital have been published. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of deep breathing exercises with positive expiratory pressure (PEP) and describe lung function and respiratory muscle strength in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Participants and settings: Adult participants (n=131) were randomised to perform either 30 or 10 deep breaths with PEP per hour during the first postoperative days (Study I): the main outcome was oxygenation, assessed by arterial blood gases, on the second postoperative day. In Study III, 313 adult participants were randomly assigned to perform home-based deep breathing exercises with PEP for two months after surgery or not to perform breathing exercises with PEP after the fourth to fifth postoperative day. The main outcome was lung function, assessed by spirometry, two months after surgery. Studies II and IV were descriptive and correlative and investigated pre and postoperative lung function, assessed by spirometry, and respiratory muscle strength, assessed by maximal inspiratory pressure, and maximal expiratory pressure. Results: On the second postoperative day, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was higher in the group randomised to 30 deep breaths with PEP hourly. There was no improved recovery of lung function in participants performing home-based deep breathing exercises two months after cardiac surgery, compared to a control group. Subjective experience of breathing or improvement in patient perceived quality of recovery or health-related quality of life did not differ between the groups at two months. Lung function and respiratory muscle strength were in accordance with predicted values before surgery. A 50% reduction in lung function was shown on the second postoperative day. High body mass index, male gender and sternal pain were associated with decreased lung function on the second postoperative day. Two months postoperatively, there was decreased lung function, but respiratory muscle strength had almost recovered to preoperative values.
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Gurley, Katelyn. "USE OF HYBRID DIFFUSE OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIES IN CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF BLOOD FLOW, BLOOD OXYGENATION, AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION RATE IN EXERCISING SKELETAL MUSCLE." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/3.
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This study combines noninvasive hybrid diffuse optical spectroscopies [near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS)] with occlusive calibration for continuous measurement of absolute blood flow (BF), tissue blood oxygenation (StO2), and oxygen consumption rate (VO2) in exercising skeletal muscle. Subjects performed rhythmic dynamic handgrip exercise, while an optical probe connected to a hybrid NIRS/DCS flow-oximeter directly monitored oxy-, deoxy-, and total hemoglobin concentrations ([HbO2], [Hb], and [tHb]), StO2, relative BF (rBF), and relative VO2 (rVO2) in the forearm flexor muscles. Absolute baseline BF and VO2 were obtained through venous and arterial occlusions, respectively, and used to calibrate continuous relative parameters. Previously known problems with muscle fiber motion artifact in optical measurements were mitigated with a novel dynamometer-based gating algorithm. Nine healthy young subjects were measured and results validated against previous literature findings. Ten older subjects with fibromyalgia and thirteen age-matched healthy controls were then successfully measured to observe differences in hemodynamic and metabolic response to exercise. This study demonstrates a novel application of NIRS/DCS technology to simultaneously evaluate quantitative hemodynamic and metabolic parameters in exercising skeletal muscle. This method has broad application to research and clinical assessment of disease (e.g. peripheral vascular disease, fibromyalgia), treatment evaluation, and sports medicine.
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Müller, Tessa [Verfasser], and Orsolya [Akademischer Betreuer] Genzel-Boroviczény. "The influence of a patent ductus arteriosus on the peripheral muscle oxygenation and perfusion in neonates / Tessa Müller ; Betreuer: Orsolya Genzel-Boroviczény." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/115950671X/34.
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Ahmad, Raja Elina A. R. aja. "Magnetic resonance studies of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in vivo : Physiological implications of metabolic and oxygenation analysis in health and diseased states." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533933.
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Spires, Jessica Rose. "Model analysis of oxygen transport and metabolism in skeletal muscle: responses to a change in energy demand." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1365177364.
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Biazon, Thaís Marina Pires de Campos. "Efeito da hipóxia local na magnitude da ativação, força, massa e arquitetura muscular decorrente do treinamento de força." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8018.
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Local hypoxia (i.e. intramuscular) resulting from resistance training (RT) contributes to ions H+ accumulation and decreased muscle pH (i.e. metabolic stress). It has been suggested that the accumulation of these metabolites promotes an increase in the motor units (MU) recruitment and consequent increase in cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle strength. Nevertheless, it remain sunknown whether the level of local hypoxia can affect the magnitude of these adaptations. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze and compare the effect of local hypoxia during low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR: 3-4 x 20/20% of one repetition maximum [1-RM] / 60% total pressure of occlusion), high-intensity resistance training (HI-RT: 3-4 x 10/80% of 1RM) and high-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (HI-BFR: 3-4 x 10/80% 1-RM / 60% total occlusion pressure) on muscle activation, strength, mass and architecture in young individuals. Methods: Thirty young men were selected and each leg allocated to three experimental conditions through unilateral knee extension in randomized order and counterbalanced after ranking by strength level (1- RM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle CSA quartiles. The dynamic maximum force was measured by 1-RM test and CSA acquisition, muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA) and VL fascicle length (FL) was performed through ultrasound images. The training program consisted of 10 weeks with a minimum interval of 72 hours between training sessions and the measurement of muscle activation by surface electromyography (EMG) and deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) and oxyhemoglobin ([HbO2]) concentrations through near-infrared espectroscopy (NIRS) of VL, performed during the training session with relative load obtained after the 1-RM, before (T1), after five (T2) and ten weeks (T3) training. Results: The training total volume (TV) was greater for HI-RT and HI-BFR compared to LI-BFR. There was no difference between the groups in regarding the increase of 1-RM, CSA, MT and AP. However, the FL showed higher increase for HI-BFR compared to HI-RT and LI-BFR. Regarding the magnitude of the EMG, the HI-BFR group showed higher values than HI-RT and LI-BFR. On the other hand, [HHb] were higher for HI-BFR and LI-BFR, however there was no difference between groups on the reduction of [HbO2].Conclusion: The level of local hypoxia does not influence the magnitude of the increase of muscle activation, strength, mass and architecture changes after resistance training. However, the addition of local hypoxia seems to have a greater contribution to the adjustments resulting from the low-intensity resistance training compared to high intensity.
A hipóxia local (i.e. intramuscular) decorrente do treinamento força (TF) contribui para o acúmulo de íons H+ e diminuição do pH muscular (i.e. estresse metabólico). Sugere-se que o acúmulo desses metabólitos promove aumento no recrutamento de unidades motoras (UM) e consequente aumento da área de secção transversa (AST) e força muscular. Embora isso seja sugerido, ainda não se sabe se o nível de hipóxia local pode afetar a magnitude dessas adaptações. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar e comparar o efeito da hipóxia local durante o treinamento de força de baixa intensidade com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (TFBI-RFS: 3-4 x 20 / 20% de uma repetição máxima [1-RM] / 60% pressão total de oclusão), treinamento de força de alta intensidade (TFAI: 3-4 x 10 / 80% de 1-RM) e treinamento de força de alta intensidade com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (TFAI-RFS: 3-4 x 10 / 80% de 1-RM/ 60% pressão total de oclusão) na ativação, força, massa e arquitetura muscular em indivíduos jovens. Métodos: Trinta homens jovens foram selecionados e cada membro inferior alocado nas três condições experimentais de TF de extensão unilateral de joelho em ordem aleatorizada e contrabalanceada após ranqueamento em quartis, para nível de força (1-RM) e AST muscular do músculo vasto lateral (VL). A força máxima dinâmica foi mensurada por meio do teste de 1-RM e a aquisição da AST, espessura muscular (EM), ângulo de penação (AP) e comprimento do fascículo (CF) do VL foi realizada por meio de imagens de ultrassonografia. O programa de treinamento foi composto por 10 semanas com intervalo mínimo de 72 horas entre os treinos. A mensuração da ativação muscular foi realizada por eletromiografia de superfície (EMG) e das concentrações de desoxihemoglobina ([HHb]) e hemoglobina oxigenada ([HbO2]), por meio do near-infrared espectroscopy (NIRS) do VL durante a sessão de treinamento com carga relativa obtida após o teste de 1-RM, antes (T1), após cinco (T2) e dez semanas (T3) do programa de treinamento. Resultados: O volume total (VT) do treinamento foi maior para TFAI e TFAI-RFS comparado ao TFBI-RFS. Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação ao aumento da 1-RM, AST, EM, AP. Porém, o CF apresentou maior aumento para TFAI-RFS comparado ao TFAI e TFBI-RFS. Em relação à amplitude da EMG, o grupo TFAI-RFS apresentou maiores valores que o TFAI e TFBI-RFS. Por outro lado, as [HHb] foram maiores para o TFAI-RFS e TFBI-RFS, entretanto não houve diferença entre os grupos na redução das [HbO2 ]. Conclusão: O nível de hipóxia local não influência a magnitude do aumento da ativação, força, massa muscular e alterações na arquiteura muscular decorrente do treinamento de força. Entretanto, a adição da hipóxia local parece ter uma maior contribuição para as adaptações decorrentes do treinamento de força de baixa em relação ao de alta intensidade.
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Berriri, Ahmed. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des muscles respiratoires : effets de l'entraînement et du désentraînement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0025.
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L'objectif de cette thèse était d'une part la caractérisation des muscles respiratoires lors d'un effort incrémental jusqu'à l'épuisement et d'autre part, l'étude des effets de l'entraînement et de désentraînement spécifique des muscles inspiratoires. La première étude a confirmé le développement de la fatigue musculaire respiratoire lors d'un exercice incrémental maximal. À travers l'enregistrement de l'oxygénation au niveau du 7ème espace intercostal, la deuxième étude a montré la réduction de la désoxygénation des intercostaux et de la fatigue des muscles inspiratoires avec un exercice inspiratoire antérieur. Ensuite, nous avons montré que 5 semaines d'entraînement spécifique des muscles inspiratoires (IMT) que ce soit à haute ou à basse intensité réduit la fatigue musculaire respiratoire induite par l'exercice incrémental maximal. Cette réduction corrobore la diminution parallèle observée dans l'utilisation de l'O2 au niveau des muscles intercostaux et donc de leurs demandes métaboliques en lien avec la diminution de leur fatigabilité (Études 3 et 4). Ceci pourrait refléter une augmentation de l'apport d'oxygène au niveau des muscles locomoteurs. Ces améliorations étaient plus importantes avec l'IMT à haute résistance. Néanmoins, ces phénomènes adaptatifs gagnés à l'IMT étaient perdus après 10 semaines de désentraînement (Étude 5). Toutefois, la réduction de la fréquence d'IMT à deux séances par semaine tout en préservant la même charge résistive était suffisante pour maintenir les adaptations déjà obtenues. Les travaux de cette thèse ont donc mis en évidence l'implication des muscles respiratoires dans la limitation de l'effort incrémental jusqu'à l'épuisement et ont contribué à mieux comprendre les mécanismes explicatifs de l'amélioration de la performance après l'IMT et en particulier la fatigue et l'oxygénation musculaire respiratoireThe aim of thesis was on one hand to characterize the respiratory muscles during an incremental effort until exhaustion and on the other hand, to study the effects of specific inspiratory muscle training and detraining. We first confirmed the development of respiratory muscle fatigue during a maximal incremental exercise. Through recording of oxygenation at the 7th intercostal space, the second study showed reduced intercostal muscle deoxygenation and inspiratory muscle fatigue with a prior inspiratory exercise. Then, we showed that 5 weeks of specific inspiratory muscle training (IMT), whether at high or low intensity, reduces respiratory muscle fatigue induced by maximal incremental exercise. This reduction corroborates the parallel decrease observed in the intercostal muscle oxygen utilization and therefore in their metabolic demands in relation to their fatigability decrease (Study 3 and 4). This may reflect an increase in the oxygen supply of the locomotor muscles. These improvements were greater with high-resistance IMT. However, the IMT induced adaptations were lost after 10 weeks of detraining (Study 5). Nevertheless, reducing training frequency by up to two sessions per week while preserving the same training load was sufficient to maintain the already achieved adaptations. These results highlighted the respiratory muscle implication in the limitation of incremental effort until exhaustion and have contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the improvement of performance after IMT particularly respiratory muscle oxygenation and fatigue
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Zorgati, Houssem. "Effet de la cadence de pédalage sur les paramètres de l’oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale lors de l’exercice d’intensité modérée et élevée." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA113005/document.
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Au laboratoire comme sur le terrain, le choix de la cadence lors de l’exercice de pédalage est un élément important dans la réalisation d’un exercice. De nombreux travaux ont porté sur l’effet de la cadence de pédalage sur différents aspects tels que la performance, les paramètres cardiorespiratoires, la participation du métabolisme « anaérobie » et le recrutement musculaire. Cependant, très peu de travaux ont étudié l’effet de la cadence de pédalage sur la disponibilité et l’utilisation d’O2 au niveau musculaire et cérébral. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était de comprendre les effets de la cadence de pédalage sur la disponibilité en O2 ainsi que l’utilisation d’O2 au niveau musculaire et cérébral. Le but de nos trois plans expérimentaux était d’étudier d’une part l’effet de la cadence de pédalage sur l’hétérogénéité de la déoxygénation musculaire lors de l’exercice modéré et d’autre part l’effet de la cadence sur l’oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale et sur la performance lors de l’exercice intense chez des sujets non entraînés ainsi que chez des sujets entraînés à l’endurance.Ce travail nous a permis de montrer que, lors de l’exercice d’intensité modérée, V ̇O2 de l’organisme entier et l’hétérogénéité de la déoxygénation musculaire étaient plus élevées à cadence élevée qu’à cadence faible, bien que la déoxygénation n’était pas modifiée par la cadence de pédalage chez les sujets non entraînés à l’endurance. D’autre part, lors de l’exercice intense mené jusqu’à l’épuisement, la performance était améliorée à 40 rpm par rapport à 100 rpm chez les sujets non entraînés tandis qu’aucune différence significative n’était observée entre les deux cadences chez les triathlètes. De plus, l’extraction d’O2 au niveau du vastus lateralis était dépendante de la cadence de pédalage chez les sujets non entraînés mais ne l’était pas chez les sujets entraînés à l’endurance. Enfin, nous avons observé un effet de la cadence de pédalage sur l’oxygénation cérébrale et en particulier une possible élévation de la disponibilité en O2 au niveau cérébral à faible cadence de pédalage chez les deux populations. Pour conclure, ce travail nous a permis de mettre en évidence des différences liées à l’aptitude aérobie des sujets et à l’intensité de l’exercice dans les réponses de l’oxygénation cérébrale et musculaire et de la performance lors d’exercices effectués à différentes cadencesChoosing the pedalling cadence during the cycling exercise, in the laboratory as well as on the field, is a crucial element in fulfilling an exercise. Many studies have examined the effect of pedal cadence on various aspects such as performance, cardiorespiratory parameters, the participation of the “anaerobic” metabolism and muscle recruitment. However, few studies have investigated the effect of pedal cadence on the O2 availability and its utilization in the muscle as well as in the brain. This is why the main objective of this thesis was to understand this subject which is underdeveloped. The aim of our three experimental procedures was on one hand to study the effect of pedal cadence on the heterogeneity of the muscle’s deoxygenation during moderate exercise. On the other hand, to study the effects of pedal cadence on muscle and cerebral oxygenation and also on the performance during heavy exercise in untrained subjects, as well as in endurance-trained subjects.This work allows us to show that at moderate-intensity exercise, whole body V ̇O2 and the heterogeneity of muscle deoxygenation were higher at high cadence than at a lower one, even if the deoxygenation was not altered by the pedalling cadence in non-endurance-trained subjects. On the other hand, during intense exercise performed until exhaustion, the performance improved at 40 rpm than at 100 rpm in untrained subjects, while no significant difference was observed between the two cadences among triathletes. In addition, the O2 extraction in the vastus lateralis depended on the pedal cadence in untrained subjects and the opposite in endurance-trained subjects. Finally, we observed an effect of pedal cadence on cerebral oxygenation and in particular a possible rise in the availability of O2 in the brain on a lower cadence in both population levels. In conclusion, this work has allowed us to highlight the differences in the aerobic fitness of the subjects and in the intensity of the exercise in brain and muscle oxygenation responses and performance during exercises performed at different cadences
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Wu, Gary Anthony Auyong. "Evaluation of Tissue Health and Interventions for the Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1365168146.
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Jlali, Islem. "Le diabète de type 1 et le diabète de type 2, deux acteurs de déconditionnent physique : implication de la fonction pulmonaire et de l'oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS076.pdf.
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Les personnes atteintes de diabètes développent un métabolisme anormal du glucose et des lipides qui sont tous les deux impliqués dans l’altération structurelle et fonctionnelle de différents organes cibles comme les poumons et les tissus musculaire et cérébrale. La littérature sur l’altération de la fonction pulmonaire et l’oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale chez les personnes atteintes de diabète est très vaste mais parfois contradictoire et stipule qu’elle peut même être apparente lors de situations de la vie quotidienne comme l’exercice. Constamment, ces altérations sont associées à la présence des complications micro et macrovasculaires du diabète. Bien que l’exercice régulier soit reconnu pour améliorer le contrôle glycémique et par conséquence limiter les micro et macroangiopathies, le diabète est associé à une faible aptitude aérobie et une intolérance à l’effort.L’objectif général de ce travail est d’évaluer l’effet de diabète et de l’hyperglycémie chronique sur différentes étapes de la chaine de transport de l’oxygène au repos et à l’exercice chez les personnes atteintes de diabètes indemnes des complications micro et macrovasculaires.Dans un premier lieu, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’étude de l’effet de diabète sur la fonction pulmonaire au repos à savoir les débits et volumes pulmonaires (mesurés par spirométrie) et la capacité de diffusion alvéolo capillaire. Nous avons démontré, qu’au repos, les personnes atteintes de DT1 présentent une capacité de diffusion alvéolo capillaire et une spirométrie comparable aux sujets sains. Également, nous avons constaté que les personnes atteintes de DT2 avaient des débits et volumes pulmonaire réguliers et que ces derniers n’étaient pas altérés au repos même après l’effort maximal.Dans un second lieu, nous sommes attardés à examiner des systèmes de la chaine de transport d’oxygène sollicités pendant l’exercice maximal. Nous avons étudié l’impact du diabète sur la réponse ventilatoire, l’oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale pendant un exercice incrémental maximal. En ce qui concerne la réponse ventilatoire, nous avons remarqué que le volume courant était moins important chez les personnes avec DT1 durant l’exercice maximal, ce qui pourrait expliquer la faible consommation maximale d’oxygène (VO2max). Cette faible VO2max a été aussi observée chez les personnes atteintes de DT2 qui présentent ainsi une baisse de la désoxyhémolobine (HHb) et une baisse de l’hémoglobine totale (Hbtot) reflétant la réduction de volume sanguin au niveau du muscle actif. En outre, nous avons montré que les personnes avec le DT2 avaient des altérations aux niveaux de l’hémodynamique cérébrale (baisse de l’oxyhémoglobine (HbO2) et de l’hémoglobine totale) pendant l’effort maximal.Au vu des résultats, nous constatons que, bien que les atteintes de fonction pulmonaire qui est le premier système sollicité dans la chaine de transport de l’oxygène soient encore absentes au repos, l’exercice maximal met en évidence des troubles subcliniques des autres systèmes comme l’oxygénation musculaire et cérébrales chez les personnes atteintes de diabète même avant l’apparition des complications micro et macrovasculairesDiabetes is a complex metabolic condition characterized by disruption of glucose and lipid metabolism. This metabolic alteration has structural and functional repercussions on several target organs such as the lungs and muscle and cerebral tissue. The literature about impaired pulmonary function as well as muscle and cerebral dysfunction in individuals with diabetes, is very large and sometimes contradictory. Furthermore, these alterations can manifest in daily situations, such as exercise, and are frequently associated with micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Although regular exercise is known to improve glycemic control and consequently limit micro- and macroangiopathy, often individuals with diabetes have limited aerobic fitness and exercise intolerance.The main objective of this thesis work was to evaluate the impact of diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia on several stages of the oxygen transport chain at rest and during exercise in individuals with diabetes free from micro and macrovascular complications.In a first part, we examined the effect of diabetes on pulmonary function at rest, by measuring pulmonary flow and volumes using spirometry, as well as alveolar capillary diffusion capacity. Our results showed that, at rest, people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) had values comparable to those of healthy subjects for alveolar capillary diffusion capacity. Furthermore, in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), lung flow and volumes were similar to those of healthy individuals and were not altered, even after maximal exercise.In a second part, we looked at ventilatory responses and muscle and cerebral oxygenation during maximal incremental exercise. We observed, in individuals with T1D, that tidal volume was reduced during maximal exercise, which could explain the altered maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). This altered VO2max is also observed in people with T2D who present a reduced deoxyhemolobin (HHb) and a reduced total hemoglobin (Hbtot) reflecting impaired blood volume in the active muscle. Furthermore, in people with T2D, we observedalterations in cerebral hemodynamics, characterized by a decrease in oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and total hemoglobin during maximal exercise.In conclusion, our results highlight that, although alterations in pulmonary function are still absent at rest, subclinical alterations appear in muscle and cerebral oxygenation during exercise in individuals with diabetes, even in the absence of micro and macrovascular complications. The research work of this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the functional limitations observed in individuals with diabetes and opens perspectives for more targeted management of their metabolic and cardiorespiratory health
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Heiden, Marina. "Psychophysiological reactions to experimental stress : relations to pain sensitivity, position sense and stress perception." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-879.
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Smith, Kurt, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Men and women in hypoxia : the influence of tissue oxygenation on repeated-sprint ability." Thesis, Arts and Science, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2548.
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This thesis examined the impact of oxygen (O2) availability on prefrontal cortex and muscle tissue oxygenation during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE) in men and women. Men and women matched for initial-sprint mechanical work performed during ten, 10-s sprints (30s of rest) in normoxia (21% FIO2) and acute hypoxia (13% FIO2). Mechanical work and arterial O2-saturation (SPO2) were obtained for every sprint. Oxy- and deoxygenated haemoglobin concentrations (O2Hb, HHb) were obtained via near-infrared spectroscopy. Hypoxia elicited lower SPO2 and work (14.8% & 7.4%, P < 0.05), larger (45.1%, P < 0.05) and earlier reductions in cortical oxygenation, and no differences between sexes. Cortical de-oxygenation and work decrement were strongly correlated (R2=0.85, P < 0.05). Muscle de-oxygenation was greater in men than women (67.3%, P < 0.05). These results show that O2 availability influences cortical oxygenation and performance equally in men and women, and suggest a more efficient muscle O2 uptake in women.ix, 108 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Guerci, Philippe. "Current and new therapies for the critically injured microcirculation The macro- and microcirculation of the kidney Endothelial dysfunction of the kidney in sepsis. Section 15: Infectious Diseases and Sepsis, Chapter 89 Impact of fluid resuscitation with hypertonic-hydroxyethyl starch versus lactated ringer on hemorheology and microcirculation in hemorrhagic shock Glycocalyx Degradation Is Independent of Vascular Barrier Permeability Increase in Nontraumatic Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats Glycocalyx shedding during stepwise hemodilution and microvascular permeability A LED-based phosphorimeter for measurement of microcirculatory oxygen pressure The role of bicarbonate precursors in balanced fluids during haemorrhagic shock with and without compromised liver function Effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation in resuscitation fluids on renal microcirculatory oxygenation, inflammation, and function in a rat model of endotoxemia Effect of Polyethylene-glycolated Carboxyhemoglobin on Renal Microcirculation in a Rat Model of Hemorrhagic Shock Resuscitation with PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin preserves renal cortical oxygenation and improves skeletal muscle microcirculatory flow during endotoxemia." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0053.
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Au cours des 20 dernières années, la microcirculation a été considérée comme la pierre angulaire du développement de la défaillance d’organe chez les patients critiques. De toute évidence, la microcirculation est devenue une cible thérapeutique. En raison de la complexité de la microarchitecture de ce système fonctionnel, variant d'un organe à l'autre, une thérapie ne peut pas «convenir pour tout». Les altérations observées dans la microcirculation sevèrement endommagée sont de 3 ordres: (i) le contenant défini par les différentes couches de la paroi vasculaire, y compris les cellules endothéliales et un gel protecteur appelé glycocalyx répandu à la surface, où le contact avec le sang est établi, (ii) le contenu représentant le plasma qui coule avec les différents éléments figures du sang et (iii) les tissus extraluminaux environnants. La microcirculation peut être endommagée de diverses manières, avec différents niveaux de dommage à ces éléments constitutifs. Ainsi, pour réanimer de manière appropriée la microcirculation lésée, le choix de la thérapie optimale ou du faisceau de thérapies doit être rationalisé avec une analyse méticuleuse des dommages subis par la microcirculation. Ainsi, l'évaluation de la microcirculation doit être obligatoirement multivariée. Dans cette thèse, la recherche s'est principalement concentrée sur un organe, le rein. La première partie est consacrée à la revue des mécanismes structurels et fonctionnels de la microcirculation rénale en condition physiologique et également septique. La deuxième partie tente d'identifier les rôles respectifs de chacun des composants de la microcirculation dans des conditions critiques notamment le glycocalyx et la viscosité du plasma. La perméabilité de la barrière vasculaire a été étudiée dans les modèles de choc hémorragique et d'hémodilution chez les rongeurs. Les principaux résultats suggèrent qu'il existe une gradation du niveau de lésion de la barrière vasculaire. La dernière partie de la thèse a examiné comment les thérapies actuelles et anciennes peuvent moduler la microcirculation en termes d'oxygénation, d'inflammation et de flux microcirculatoire dans le rein. Parmi les thérapies étudiées, la N-acétylcystéine était efficace pour limiter l'inflammation et augmenter l'oxygénation dans le rein. Une nouvelle génération de transporteur d'oxygène à base d'hémoglobine a montré une certaine efficacité dans le modèle endotoxémique murin. Dans l'ensemble, ces différents résultats se rejoignent pour montrer l'importance d'avoir une analyse multivariée de la microcirculation, car chacune des thérapies agit sur un aspect spécifique de celle-ci. Nous espérons que les résultats de cette recherche ouvrent la voie à une médecine plus personnalisée pour les patientsFor the past 20 years, the microcirculation has been regarded as cornerstone in the development of organ failure in critically ill patients. Eventually, the microcirculation became a therapeutic target. Due to the complexity of the microarchitecture of this functional system, varying across organs, one therapy cannot “fit all”. The alterations observed in the critically injured microcirculation involve: (i) the container defined by the different layers of the vascular wall including the endothelial cells and a protective gel called the glycocalyx spread on the surface, where contact with blood is made, (ii) the contents representing the flowing plasma and the different elements of blood and (iii) the extraluminal surrounding tissue. The microcirculation can be injured in various ways, with different levels of injury to these constitutive elements. Thus, to appropriately resuscitate the injured microcirculation, the choice of the optimal therapy or bundle of therapies should be rationalized with a meticulous analysis of the damages suffered by the microcirculation. The evaluation of the microcirculation should be multivariate. In this thesis, the research was mainly focused on the kidney. The first part is dedicated to the review of the structural and functional mechanisms of the renal microcirculation in both healthy and septic states. The second part tries to identify the respective roles of each of the components of the microcirculation in critical conditions especially the glycocalyx and plasma viscosity. The vascular barrier permeability was investigated in hemorrhagic shock and hemodilution models in rodents. The main findings suggest that a gradation in the level of injury to the vascular barrier permeability exist.The last part of the thesis investigated how current and older therapies can modulate microcirculation in terms of oxygenation, inflammation and microcirculatory flow within the kidney. Among therapies investigated, N-acetylcysteine was efficient at limiting inflammation and increasing oxygenation within the kidney. A new generation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier showed some efficacy in murine endotoxemic model. Overall, these different findings coalesce to show the importance of having a multivariate analysis of the microcirculation, as each of the therapies acts on a specific aspect of it. Hopefully, this research helped pave the way for a more personalized medicine for the patients
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Bretonneau, Quentin. "Effet d'une pression expiratoire positive au repos et à l'exercice sur l'oxygénation des muscles intercostaux chez des sujets sains." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT2259.
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Chez les patients atteints de pathologies pulmonaires obstructives, le rétrécissement du calibre des bronches peut induire des perturbations fonctionnelles ventilatoires comme la limitation de débit expiratoire (LDE) et/ou l’hyperinflation pulmonaire (HP). Dans un tel contexte, l’équilibre métabolique pourrait être perturbé au sein du tissu musculaire intercostal, notamment à l’exercice, ce qui pourrait favoriser la survenue ou l’aggravation de la dyspnée.Pour simuler les perturbations ventilatoires que peuvent rencontrer les patients atteints de pathologies pulmonaires obstructives (e.g. résistance anormalement élevée des voies aériennes à l’expiration, LDE et HP), une pression expiratoire positive (PEP) de 20 cmH2O a été imposée au repos et à l’exercice chez des sujets sains. L’oxygénation des muscles intercostaux a été mesurée par spectroscopie dans le proche infrarouge au niveau du 7ème espace intercostal.Au repos, une diminution de la concentration en oxyhémoglobine ([O2Hb]) probablement liée à une baisse de la concentration en hémoglobine totale ([tHb], i.e. volume sanguin local) a été observée en réponse à la PEP (Étude 1). Toutefois, aucune diminution de l’indice de saturation tissulaire en oxygène (TSI) n’a été constatée (Études 1 à 3), y compris lorsque la PEP était à l’origine d’une HP (Étude 2). A l’exercice, une moindre augmentation de [O2Hb] et de [tHb] a été rapportée lorsque la PEP était imposée (vs. contrôle). Une diminution du TSI et de la capacité inspiratoire a aussi été observée entre le repos et l’exercice dans cette condition (Étude 3).D’après les résultats de nos études, lorsqu’une PEP de 20 cmH2O est imposée au repos chez de jeunes sujets sains, aucun déséquilibre métabolique ne semble se produire au niveau des muscles intercostaux. En revanche, lorsque cette PEP est imposée à l’exercice, une perturbation de l’équilibre métabolique semble avoir lieu. Cette dernière pourrait être en partie expliquée par des altérations hémodynamiques locales induites par l’HP. Toutefois, des études complémentaires sont nécessaires pour éclaircir cet aspect.Enfin, aucune relation entre la dyspnée et la condition métabolique des muscles intercostaux n’a été observée lors de nos études. En revanche, des corrélations entre l’inconfort respiratoire et les débits ventilatoires instantanés ont été mises en évidence au repos et à l’exercice lorsque la PEP était imposée (Études 1 et 3). Une relation entre la dyspnée et l’HP a aussi été observée au repos (Étude 2).Les travaux de recherche futurs auront pour objectif de vérifier, au repos et à l’exercice, si l’oxygénation des muscles intercostaux est influencée par l’HP chez des patients atteints de pathologies pulmonaires obstructivesIn patients with obstructive pulmonary disease, airway narrowing can induce ventilatory disturbances such as expiratory flow limitation (EFL) and/or pulmonary hyperinflation (PH). In such a context, the metabolic balance could be disturbed within the intercostal muscle tissue, especially during exercise, which could promote the onset or worsening of dyspnea.To simulate ventilatory disturbances that may be encountered by patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases (e.g. abnormally high resistance of the airways to expiration, EFL and PH), a positive expiratory pressure (PEP) of 20 cmH2O was imposed at rest and during exercise in healthy subjects. Oxygenation of the intercostal muscles was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy at the 7th intercostal space.At rest, a decrease in oxyhemoglobin concentration ([O2Hb]) probably linked to a decrease in total hemoglobin concentration ([tHb], i.e. local blood volume) was observed in response to PEP (Study 1). However, no reduction in tissue oxygen saturation index (TSI) was reported (Studies 1 to 3), even in a context of PEP-induced PH (Study 2). During exercise, a lower increase in [O2Hb] and [tHb] was observed when PEP was imposed (vs. control). A decrease in TSI and inspiratory capacity was also reported between rest and exercise in this condition (Study 3).According to the results of our studies, when a PEP of 20 cmH2O is imposed at rest in young healthy subjects, no metabolic imbalance seems to occur in the intercostal muscles. However, when this PEP is imposed during exercise, a disturbance of the metabolic balance seems to happen. This could be partly explained by local hemodynamic alterations induced by PH. However, further studies are needed to clarify this aspect.Finally, no relationship between dyspnea and the metabolic condition of the intercostal muscles was observed during our studies. However, correlations between respiratory discomfort and instantaneous ventilatory flows were highlighted at rest and during exercise with PEP (Studies 1 and 3). A relationship between dyspnea and PH was also observed at rest (Study 2).Future research will aim to verify, at rest and during exercise, whether the oxygenation of the intercostal muscles is influenced by PH in patients with obstructive pulmonary pathologies
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Martins, Nuno Filipe Casanova. "Effects of roller massager on muscle performance, morphology, and oxygenation after exercise-induced muscle damage." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11867.
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This study determined roller massager (RM) effectiveness on ankle plantar flexors’ recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) stimulus. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment (n=10) examined functional [i.e., ankle plantar flexion maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and submaximal (30% of MVIC) sustained force; ankle dorsiflexion maximal range of motion and resistance to stretch; and pain pressure threshold] and morphological [medial gastrocnemius (MG) cross sectional area, thickness, fascicle length, and fascicle angle] variables, before and immediately, 1h, 24h, 48h, and 72 after EIMD. In the second experiment (n=10), changes in MG deoxyhemoglobin concentration kinetics (velocity and amplitude) during a submaximal sustained force test were observed before and 48h after EIMD. Participants performed both experiments twice, with and without (NRM) the application of a RM (6 × 45 seconds with 20 seconds rest between sets). RM intervention did not alter plantar flexors’ strength and flexibility impairment after EIMD, as well the MG morphology and oxygenation kinetics (p>0.05). On the other hand, a strong tendency for an acute (within 1 hour) change of ipsilateral (post-effects: RM=+19%, NRM=-5%, p=0.032) and contralateral (p=0.095) MG pain pressure threshold was observed. In conclusion, the present results suggest that a roller massager has no effect on muscular performance, morphology, and oxygenation recovery after EIMD, except for muscle pain pressure threshold (i.e., a soreness). Thus, RM may have potential application in recovery for people with increased muscle soreness, if performed immediately before a physical task.Este estudo avaliou a eficácia do roller massager (RM) na recuperação dos flexores plantares após dano muscular induzido pelo exercício (DMIE). Duas experiências foram conduzidas. A primeira (n=10) examinou variáveis funcionais [i.e., contração voluntária isométrica máxima dos flexores plantares (CVIM) e contração submáxima (30% da CVIM) contínua; amplitude articular máxima do tornozelo em dorsiflexão e resistência ao alongamento; e limiar da dor sob pressão] e morfológicas [área de secção transversa do gémeo medial (GM), espessura, comprimento e ângulo dos fascículos], antes e imediatamente, 1h, 24h, 48h e 72h após DMIE. Na segunda experiência (n=10), alterações na concentração de hemoglobina desoxigenada (velocidade e amplitude) do GM durante o teste de contração submáxima contínua foram observadas antes e 48h após DMIE. Os participantes realizaram ambas as experiências por duas vezes, com e sem (NRM) a aplicação do RM (6 x 45 segundos com 20 segundos entre séries). A intervenção com RM não alterou os danos na força e flexibilidade dos flexores plantares provocados pelo DMIE, nem a morfologia e cinética de oxigénio do GM (p>0.05). Por outro lado, foi observada uma forte tendência para uma alteração aguda no limiar da dor sob pressão (durante 1 hora) no GM ipsilateral (efeitos imediatamente após: RM=+19%, NRM=-5%, p=0.032) e contralateral (p=0.095). Concluindo, estes resultados sugerem que o roller massager não induz efeitos na recuperação do desempenho muscular, morfologia, e oxigenação após DMIE, com excepção do limiar da dor sob pressão (i.e., dor). Assim, a utilização do RM pode ter potencial em pessoas com dores musculares, se aplicado imediatamente antes da atividade.
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Huang, Hsin-Wei, and 黃馨葦. "Effects of different stretching techniques on isokinetic strength and muscle oxygenation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10182177060770718468.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
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Purpose: To investigate the acute effects of the different stretching techniques on the isokinetic strength and muscle oxygen saturation. Methods: Eighteen male collegiate athletes (age, 21.4 ± 2.0 yrs; height, 179.8 ± 7.8 cm; weight, 73.8 ± 9.3 kg) voluntarily participated in this repeated measures and counter-balanced designed study. All subjects were asked to perform three treatments separated by 48 hours, including control (CON), passive static stretching (SS, 3 × 30-sec), and passive ballistic stretching (BS, 3 × 60-sec), before the isokinetic strength test. The muscle oxygen saturation was measured by the near-infrared spectroscopy during treatments. After the treatments, the isokinetic strength (60°•sec-1、240°•sec-1) test, 2 sets of 3 repetitions with 2 min rest interval, was used to assess the peak torque, average peak torque, total work, and average power. Results: The peak torque in 60°•sec-1 at 2nd set (BS vs. CON, 3.09 ± 0.36 vs. 2.93 ± 0.28 N•m•kg-1, p < .05) and average value of two sets (BS vs. CON, 3.02 ± 0.35 vs. 2.88 ± 0.29 N•m•kg-1, p < .05) in BS treatment was significantly higher than those in CON. The average peak torque in 60°•sec-1 at 2nd set in BS was significantly higher than that in CON. The average peak torque at average value of two sets in 60°•sec-1 in BS was significantly higher than those in SS and CON (BS vs. SS vs. CON, 2.86 ± 0.34 vs. 2.74 ± 0.34 vs. 2.71 ± 0.28 N•m•kg-1, p < .05). No significant differences were found on peak torque, average peak torque, and total work in 240°•sec-1 among three treatments. The tissue saturation index during first set of stretching exercise in SS was significantly lower than that in CON (SS vs. CON, -5.73 ± 6.39 vs. -0.30 ± 4.82 %, p < .05). The average values of total haemoglobin during treatments in SS were significantly different from those in BS and CON (SS vs. BS vs. CON, -8.60 ± 1.47 vs. -5.14 ± 1.44 vs. 0.36 ± 1.41 μmol, p < .05). Conclusion: These results indicate that although the SS (3 × 30-sec) might not inhibit subsequent isokinetic strength, stretching in this manner might induce muscle deoxygenation. In addition, the pre-event BS might improve the isokinetic strength in low velocity (60°•sec-1), and attenuate the SS induced muscle deoxygenation.