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Journal articles on the topic 'Muscle microtrauma'
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Smith, Tianqi “Tenchi” Gao, and Sean Gallagher. "Impact of Loading and Rest Intervals on Muscle Microtrauma." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 59, no. 1 (September 2015): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931215591191.
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Micheli, Lyle J. "The Exercising Child: Injuries." Pediatric Exercise Science 1, no. 4 (November 1989): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.1.4.329.
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The majority of injuries in exercising children affect the musculoskeletal system. These injuries result from two mechanisms: single, acute macrotrauma or repetitive microtrauma. The injuries resulting from repetitive microtrauma—overuse injuries—appear to be occurring with increased frequency in this age group. A number of risk factors for overuse injury from exercise have been identified, including training error, muscle imbalance, anatomic malalignment, footwear, surface, nutritional factors, and cultural factors. The development of scientific criteria for exercise prescription in this age group that will enhance fitness and avoid injury awaits techniques for noninvasive assessment of musculoskeletal tissue fitness. In the interim, many of these injuries can be prevented or decreased in severity by slow progression of exercise intensity and qualified adult supervision.
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DASTGIR, NABEEL, KAMRAN KHALID BUTT, and RIZWAN AHMED KHAN. "BILATERAL ADDUCTOR ABCESS FOLLOWING GRION INJURY." Professional Medical Journal 19, no. 01 (January 3, 2012): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.01.1947.
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Pubic pain is a common symptom in athletes and in soccer players.Its cause can be difficult to determine. We report a case in a14-year-old boy who presented with bilateral adductor muscle abcesses following a trivial injury to the groin. The etiology, radiological findingsand treatment, along with literature review are discussed. Introduction: The main causes of pubic pain after sports are thought to be sportsrelated microtrauma to the pubic rami or symphysis and lesions of the oblique, rectus or adductor muscles or their tendons1,2. Osteitis pubisrefers to a painful inflammation of the periosteum, bone, cartilage and ligamentous structures of the anterior half of the pelvis. Pubicosteomyelitis is an uncommon entity, accounting for less than 1% of all cases of Heamatogenous osteomyelitis. We report a case of bilateraladductor muscle abcess six week after a trivial injury in sports.
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Hammerman, Malin, Per Aspenberg, and Pernilla Eliasson. "Microtrauma stimulates rat Achilles tendon healing via an early gene expression pattern similar to mechanical loading." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00741.2013.
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Mechanical loading increases the strength of healing tendons, but also induces small localized bleedings. Therefore, it is unclear if increased strength after loading is a response to mechanotransduction or microtrauma. We have previously found only five genes to be up-regulated 15 min after a single loading episode, of them four were transcription factors. These genes are followed by hundreds of genes after 3 h, many of them involved in inflammation. We now compared healing in mechanically unloaded tendons with or without added microtrauma induced by needling of the healing tissue. Nineteen rats received Botox into the calf muscle to reduce loading, and the Achilles tendon was transected. Ten rats were randomized to needling days 2–5. Mechanical testing on day 8 showed increased strength by 45% in the needling group. Next, another 24 rats were similarly unloaded, and 16 randomized to needling on day 5 after transection. Nineteen characteristic genes, known to be regulated by loading in this model, were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Four of these genes were regulated 15 min after needling. Three of them (Egr1, c-Fos, Rgs1) were among the five regulated genes after loading in a previous study. Sixteen of the 19 genes were regulated after 3 h, in the same way as after loading. In conclusion, needling increased strength, and there was a striking similarity between the gene expression response to needling and mechanical loading. This suggests that the response to loading in early tendon healing can, at least in part, be a response to microtrauma.
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Lutter, Christoph, Andreas Schweizer, Volker Schöffl, Frank Römer, and Thomas Bayer. "Lumbrical muscle tear: clinical presentation, imaging findings and outcome." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 43, no. 7 (March 28, 2018): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193418765716.
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The incidence of lumbrical muscle tear is increasing due to the popularity of climbing sport. We reviewed data from 60 consecutive patients with a positive lumbrical stress test, including clinical examination, ultrasound and clinical outcomes in all patients, and magnetic resonance imaging in 12 patients. Fifty-seven patients were climbers. Lumbrical muscle tears were graded according to the severity of clinical and imaging findings as Grade I–III injuries. Eighteen patients had Grade I injuries (microtrauma), 32 had Grade II injuries (muscle fibre disruption) and 10 had Grade III injuries (musculotendinous disruption). The treatment consisted of adapted functional therapy. All patients completely recovered and were able to return to climbing. The healing period in Grade III injuries was significantly longer than in the patients with Grade I or II injuries ( p < 0.001). We recommend evaluation of specific clinical and imaging findings to grade the injuries and to determine suitable therapy. Level of evidence: IV
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An, Tonya, John Garlich, and David Kulber. "Yoga-Induced Myositis Ossificans Traumatica of the Scapholunate Ligament." Journal of Wrist Surgery 08, no. 01 (June 26, 2018): 080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661354.
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Background Myositis ossificans traumatica (MOT) involves the heterotopic development of lamellar bone after a traumatic injury. Despite being termed “myositis,” MOT is not limited to muscle but rather can involve tendons, fat, and fascia. “Traumatica” reflects that lesions are usually associated with a history of significant trauma, that is, fractures or surgery; however, many reports suggest they can also be linked to repetitive low-energy insults. In both cases, the inflammatory response secondary to tissue injury generates a proliferative osteoblastic cascade. Case Description We present a case of persistent wrist pain in a 43-year-old woman associated with yoga activities. Her radiographic studies demonstrated partial scapholunate (SL) ligament tear and an associated mass lesion. Surgical pathology revealed MOT involving the SL ligament. Literature Review MOT lesions in the upper extremity are usually localized around the elbow, and cases in the hand are relatively rare. There are no prior reports of occurrences within the wrist joint or in association with the SL ligament. However, biomechanical studies have quantified significant mechanical strains across the SL interval during various yoga poses. This pattern of microtrauma is capable of generating MOT. Clinical Relevance Upper extremity weight-bearing positions are common in yoga and subject the wrist, especially the SL interval, to high mechanical strains. This pattern of microtrauma should lead the clinician to suspect MOT when encountering a mass in the wrist, but malignancy and infection must be ruled out.
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Prabhakar, Sharad, and Radhakant Pandey. "Shoulder Injuries in Cricketers." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 49, no. 4 (2015): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1174.
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ABSTRACT Shoulder injuries are very common in cricketers. Throwing athletes in cricket (both bowlers and fielders) are prone to shoulder injuries secondary to the large amount of forces generated, the resultant very high velocities and the repetitive nature of the throwing action. The shoulder joint has to balance mobility vs stability. Athletes exhibit adaptive changes that develop from the repetitive microtrauma following overhead throwing. The article discusses in detail how altered scapular kinematics, rotator cuff dysfunction with altered muscle strength patterns, internal impingement combined with anatomical adaptive bony and soft tissue changes causing a glenohumeral internal rotation deficit, predispose the cricketer to shoulder injury. How to cite this article Prabhakar S, Pandey R. Shoulder Injuries in Cricketers. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(4): 194-196.
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Sakelliou, Alexandra, Ioannis G. Fatouros, Ioannis Athanailidis, Dimitrios Tsoukas, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou, Dimitris Draganidis, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, et al. "Evidence of a Redox-Dependent Regulation of Immune Responses to Exercise-Induced Inflammation." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2840643.
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We used thiol-based antioxidant supplementation (n-acetylcysteine, NAC) to determine whether immune mobilisation following skeletal muscle microtrauma induced by exercise is redox-sensitive in healthy humans. According to a two-trial, double-blind, crossover, repeated measures design, 10 young men received either placebo or NAC (20 mg/kg/day) immediately after a muscle-damaging exercise protocol (300 eccentric contractions) and for eight consecutive days. Blood sampling and performance assessments were performed before exercise, after exercise, and daily throughout recovery. NAC reduced the decline of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes and the increase of plasma protein carbonyls, serum TAC and erythrocyte oxidized glutathione, and TBARS and catalase activity during recovery thereby altering postexercise redox status. The rise of muscle damage and inflammatory markers (muscle strength, creatine kinase activity, CRP, proinflammatory cytokines, and adhesion molecules) was less pronounced in NAC during the first phase of recovery. The rise of leukocyte and neutrophil count was decreased by NAC after exercise. Results on immune cell subpopulations obtained by flow cytometry indicated that NAC ingestion reduced the exercise-induced rise of total macrophages, HLA+macrophages, and 11B+macrophages and abolished the exercise-induced upregulation of B lymphocytes. Natural killer cells declined only in PLA immediately after exercise. These results indicate that thiol-based antioxidant supplementation blunts immune cell mobilisation in response to exercise-induced inflammation suggesting that leukocyte mobilization may be under redox-dependent regulation.
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Deli, Chariklia K., Ioannis G. Fatouros, Vassilis Paschalis, Athanasios Tsiokanos, Kalliopi Georgakouli, Athanasios Zalavras, Alexandra Avloniti, Yiannis Koutedakis, and Athanasios Z. Jamurtas. "Iron Supplementation Effects on Redox Status following Aseptic Skeletal Muscle Trauma in Adults and Children." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4120421.
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Exercise-induced skeletal muscle microtrauma is characterized by loss of muscle cell integrity, marked aseptic inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. We examined if iron supplementation would alter redox status after eccentric exercise. In a randomized, double blind crossover study, that was conducted in two cycles, healthy adults (n=14) and children (n=11) received daily either 37 mg of elemental iron or placebo for 3 weeks prior to and up to 72 h after an acute eccentric exercise bout. Blood was drawn at baseline, before exercise, and 72 h after exercise for the assessment of iron status, creatine kinase activity (CK), and redox status. Iron supplementation at rest increased iron concentration and transferrin saturation (p<0.01). In adults, CK activity increased at 72 h after exercise, while no changes occurred in children. Iron supplementation increased TBARS at 72 h after exercise in both adults and children; no changes occurred under placebo condition. Eccentric exercise decreased bilirubin concentration at 72 h in all groups. Iron supplementation can alter redox responses after muscle-damaging exercise in both adults and children. This could be of great importance not only for healthy exercising individuals, but also in clinical conditions which are characterized by skeletal muscle injury and inflammation, yet iron supplementation is crucial for maintaining iron homeostasis. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT02374619.
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Jatin Prajapat, Sheetal Kalra, Joginder Yadav, Sajjan Pal, and Sonia Pawaria. "Comparative Study Of Foam Rolling And Vibration Therapy On Blood Creatinine Level, Pain Sprint Speed, Lower Limb Power And Hip Range Of Motion In Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 2287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4456.
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Muscle soreness appears after high-intensity unaccustomed exercise, especially eccentric exercise and it peaks between 24 and 72 hours post-exercise. It can result in reduced muscle power, range of motion hence impacting athletic performance. Different treatment strategies are available to alleviate symptoms of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). The present study was done to draw a comparison between the effects of foam rolling and vibration therapy on pain, hip range of motion, sprint speed and lower limb power in subjects with exercise-induced muscle damage. It was a comparative Experimental Study design. The sample consisted of 30 Male students who were randomly allocated to 2 groups, i.e. Group A (Foam Rolling) and Group B (Vibration Therapy) with 15 participants in each group. Participants performed ten sets of 10 repetitions of back squats at 60% of their 1-repetition maximum, followed by either foam rolling or vibration therapy 24 and 48 hours post-DOMS protocol. Blood Creatinine level was measured before inducing DOMS(day 1) and after 24 hrs(day2) and 48 hrs(day 3) of recovery. Increase in serum levels of CK is used as an indirect marker of the microtrauma associated with DOMS. Pain, lower limb power, sprint speed and Hip range of motion were measured using Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Vertical Jump test, Sprint speed 30-meter test and goniometer respectively after 24 and 48 hours of recovery. Results showed both groups showed improvement on Day 2 and 3. However, Vibration therapy showed statistically better improvement compared to Foam Rolling group.
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Kavvadias, Tilemachos, and Irene Hoesli. "The EpiNo® Device: Efficacy, Tolerability, and Impact on Pelvic Floor—Implications for Future Research." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3818240.
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Aims.The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature on preventing perineal trauma with the EpiNo.Methods. We perfomed a literature research in the MedLine and EMBASE databases for studies referring to EpiNo published between 1990 and 2014, without restrictions for language and study type.Results.Five published studies were identified, regarding the effect of EpiNo on the rate of episiotomy and perineal tears, pelvic floor muscle function, and fetal outcome. The device seems to reduce episiotomy and perineal tears’ rate, as well as the risk for levator ani microtrauma and avulsion, though not always statistically significant. It does not seem to have an effect on duration of second stage of labour and fetal outcome. The device is well tolerated and the adverse events are rare and mild. However, design and reporting bias in the reviewed articles do not allow evidence based conclusions.Conclusions. The EpiNo device seems to be promising, with potential positive effects on natural birth, while being uncomplicated to use and without major complications. Well designed, randomized trials are needed in order to understand the effects of EpiNo on pelvic floor and make evidence based recommendations on its use.
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Zhai, Junyu, Silvia Vannuccini, Felice Petraglia, and Linda C. Giudice. "Adenomyosis: Mechanisms and Pathogenesis." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 38, no. 02/03 (May 2020): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1716687.
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AbstractAdenomyosis is a common disorder of the uterus, and is associated with an enlarged uterus, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), pelvic pain, and infertility. It is characterized by endometrial epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts abnormally found in the myometrium where they elicit hyperplasia and hypertrophy of surrounding smooth muscle cells. While both the mechanistic processes and the pathogenesis of adenomyosis are uncertain, several theories have been put forward addressing how this disease develops. These include intrinsic or induced (1) microtrauma of the endometrial–myometrial interface; (2) enhanced invasion of endometrium into myometrium; (3) metaplasia of stem cells in myometrium; (4) infiltration of endometrial cells in retrograde menstrual effluent into the uterine wall from the serosal side; (5) induction of adenomyotic lesions by aberrant local steroid and pituitary hormones; and (6) abnormal uterine development in response to genetic and epigenetic modifications. Dysmenorrhea, HMB, and infertility are likely results of inflammation, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and contractile abnormalities in the endometrial and myometrial components. Elucidating mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of adenomyosis raise possibilities to develop targeted therapies to ameliorate symptoms beyond the current agents that are largely ineffective. Herein, we address these possible etiologies and data that support underlying mechanisms.
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Omelchenko, Anastasia, Oleksandr Ioffe, Oleksandr Kovalchuk, Natalia Nehria, Boris Reznychenko, Mykola Kryvopustov, Valentyn Sergiіenko, et al. "THE FEATURES OF THE BIOMECHANICS IN FOOTBALL PLAYERS ON THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES OF THE GROIN." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 121, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.1(121).2021.94-105.
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Pain in the lower abdomen and groin can occur in athletes who perform sharp lower extremity movement during training or sports, make sharp turns and change direction of the trunk movement as well as lower extremity acceleration/deceleration. An excessive load during the sports game can disturb the biomechanics of the player's movements. A precise localization of damaged tissues can improve for the diagnosis, determining treatment and forecasting the time of return to sports.
The aim was to estimate the importance of the football biomechanics movement for the anatomy of the groin and to determine the anatomical features of the groin in football players with sports hernia.
We analysed the thickness and length measurements on MRI of the rectus abdominis muscle in 51 football players of professional and amateur clubs aged 17 to 33 years with groin pain who were treated at the Kyiv Clinical City Hospital №3 for the period 2014-2020. In the second stage of the study, we investigated the peak force of the abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal muscles) and the adductor muscles of both lower extremities using the microFET2 dynamometer for 4 groups of football players. The first group of the study includes 15 football players of professional clubs with sports hernia who had received conservative treatment, the partipants of the second group are 36 football players after laparoscopic hernioplasty, the third group consisted of 54 healthy young football players and 11 teenage footballers. In the third stage of the study, a formula was substantiated, according to which we calculated the acceleration of the lower extremity when kicking the ball.
The results of the study demostrate that the disruption of the lower extremity biomechanics during kicking the ball cause the appearance of sports hernia in football players. An axial MRI scan of groin areas of football players with sports hernia represented changes in the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis. The groin pain syndrome of football players with sports hernia includes three pathogenetic mechanisms of development: disruption of the biomechanics, muscle imbalance and microtrauma and inflammation.
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Prasad, E. Maruthi, and Shih-Ya Hung. "Behavioral Tests in Neurotoxin-Induced Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease." Antioxidants 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9101007.
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Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of disability around the world. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-leading cause of neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. In PD, continuous loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra causes dopamine depletion in the striatum, promotes the primary motor symptoms of resting tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and postural instability. The risk factors of PD comprise environmental toxins, drugs, pesticides, brain microtrauma, focal cerebrovascular injury, aging, and hereditary defects. The pathologic features of PD include impaired protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, nitric oxide, and neuroinflammation, but the interaction of these factors contributing to PD is not fully understood. In neurotoxin-induced PD models, neurotoxins, for instance, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), paraquat, rotenone, and permethrin mainly impair the mitochondrial respiratory chain, activate microglia, and generate reactive oxygen species to induce autooxidation and dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis. Since no current treatment can cure PD, using a suitable PD animal model to evaluate PD motor symptoms’ treatment efficacy and identify therapeutic targets and drugs are still needed. Hence, the present review focuses on the latest scientific developments in different neurotoxin-induced PD animal models with their mechanisms of pathogenesis and evaluation methods of PD motor symptoms.
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Bogdanov, E. I., T. G. Sakovets, and R. A. Altunbaev. "Efficiency of intra-articular, periarticular, local intramuscular and perineural injection therapy in the treatment of nociceptive and neuropathic pain syndromes." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 4 (August 15, 2015): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-571.
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Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are accompanied by nociceptive, neuropathic pain which is, in addition to kinesitherapy, physical therapy and acupuncture, widely treated using the local injection therapy. This treatment method is commonly used by physicians of different specialties for about 100 years and includes intra-articular, periarticular, perineural, intramuscular administration of different medicines, homeopathic remedies or medical devices. Hyaluronic acid salts, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroids, local anesthetics, vitamin B12, botulinum toxin A medications are often used for the treatment of degenerative conditions, posttraumatic joint disease, delayed complications of aseptic, bacterial and viral inflammatory, rheumatic processes within and out of the joints, such as: pathology of periarticular soft tissues as a consequence of local physical overload after acute injury, chronic microtrauma, sport trauma, affected facet joints and periarticular space at patients with dorsopathy, local muscle hypertonus (myofascial pain syndrome), neuropathy. The unique medication Hyalrepair-02/10 chondroreparant® based on the solid-state modificated hyaluronic acid salts and biogenic metabolites (non-drug bioorganic depot complex consisting of hyaluronic acid, amino acids and ascorbyl phosphates) is widely used at spine diseases and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and it has showed good safety at local injection therapy. Heterogeneity of target tissues at patients with the musculoskeletal disorders, pharmacological substances as a part of injection drugs, and dosages of medicines and medical devices as well as individual patient reactions to the local therapy depending on severity of the disease, compensatory abilities and other reasons determines the necessity of carrying out a clinical comparison between different types of local injections with various groups of preparations.
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Sangani, Vikram, Mytri Pokal, Mamtha Balla, Vijay Gayam, and Venu Madhav Konala. "Paget-Schroetter Syndrome in a Young Female." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 9 (January 2021): 232470962110032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23247096211003263.
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Paget-Schroetter syndrome or effort thrombosis is a relatively rare primary spontaneous thrombosis of upper extremity deep veins secondary to entrapment of axillary subclavian veins from an abnormality of the thoracic outlet. It is commonly seen in young adults who lift heavy weights or strenuous use of the upper extremities during athletic activities. Repetitive microtrauma to the subclavian vein secondary to narrow costoclavicular space and strenuous activities leads to intimal layer inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and coagulation cascade activation. Management of Paget-Schroetter syndrome differs from the venous thrombosis of the lower extremity as treatment includes anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and surgical decompression. Early recognition and timely management are required to prevent significant disability from post-thrombotic syndrome and long-term morbidity from recurrent thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism. Internists and emergency physicians should be aware of the disease’s presentation, treatment options, and early referral to vascular surgeons since prompt initiation of appropriate treatment will have better outcomes than delayed treatment. We discussed a case of a 31-year-old female who lifts heavyweight at work, presented with right arm swelling and pain for 2 weeks, and diagnosed with axillary subclavian vein thrombosis secondary to thoracic outlet obstruction. She received a high-dose heparin drip followed by catheter-directed thrombolysis and underwent surgical decompression of axillary subclavian vein via resection of the first rib, subclavius muscle resection, partial anterior scalenectomy, and venolysis. In our review of the literature, randomized controlled studies lack the efficacy and safety of surgical decompression. However, the results are promising based on accumulated experience from vascular surgery experts and small case series. Extensive studies are needed further to delineate the protocol for the management of Paget-Schroetter syndrome.
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Silva, Lara E., Rafael Pereira, Vanessa C. Rodrigues, Pierre A. V. Silva, Kênia M. Silva, and Marco Machado. "LENGTH OF REST INTERVAL BETWEEN RESISTANCE EXERCISE SETS: PERFORMANCE AND INTER-INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF CK ACTIVITY." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 13, no. 04 (December 2010): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957710002636.
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Purpose: To determine how the rest interval (RI) lengths of 30 and 90 s between sets of biceps curl exercise affect the total volume of work performed and serum CK activity, and to verify the relationship between inter-individual variability of CK activity and total volume performed when the resistance exercise bout is conducted with 30 or 90 s Methods: Twenty-seven healthy sedentary men (18–20 years old) volunteered to participate in this study and were divided into two groups: 30RI (n = 16) or 90RI (n = 11), based on the RI length of 30 or 90 s between the sets of a resistance exercise protocol. The one repetition maximum (1RM) assessment of the elbow flexion was carried out and then a resistance exercise protocol which constituted five sets of biceps curl at 85% of 1RM with 30-s (30RI group) or 90-s (90RI group) RI length between sets was performed. Each bout was performed to voluntary fatigue and the number of repetitions and workout volume completed were calculated. Subjects provided blood samples prior to resistance exercise, and at 48 and 96h following exercise to evaluate serum CK activity. The inter-individual serum CK activity along the 96h after exercise was analyzed. Results: The results demonstrated that the longer RIs provided greater workout volume as expected, but there were no differences in serum CK activity between the groups. Additionally, it was possible to identify two high responder subjects, one from each RI group, who showed a great inter-individual serum CK activity variability. Conclusion: Exercising with short RIs does not appear to present any additional muscle microtrauma to untrained subjects. Further studies are necessary to evaluate if the inter-individual variability of the serum CK activity is influenced by the inter-set RI length.
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Urits, Ivan, Ariunzaya Amgalan, Jacob Israel, Chase Dugay, Alex Zhao, Amnon A. Berger, Hisham Kassem, et al. "A comprehensive review of the treatment and management of Charcot spine." Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 12 (January 2020): 1759720X2097949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x20979497.
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Charcot spine arthropathy (CSA), a result of reduced afferent innervation, is an occurrence of Charcot joint, a progressive, degenerative disorder in vertebral joints, related mostly to spinal cord injury. The repeated microtrauma is a result of a lack of muscle protection and destroys cartilage, ligaments, and disc spaces, leading to vertebrae destruction, joint instability, subluxation, and dislocation. Joint destruction compresses nerve roots, resulting in pain, paresthesia, sensory loss, dysautonomia, and spasticity. CSA presents with back pain, spinal deformity and instability, and audible spine noises during movement. Autonomic dysfunction includes bowel and bladder dysfunction. It is slowly progressive and usually diagnosed at a late stage, usually, on average, 20 years after the first initial insult. Diagnosis is rarely clinical related to the nature of nonspecific symptoms and requires imaging with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Conservative management focuses on the prevention of fractures and the progression of deformities. This includes bed rest, orthoses, and braces. These could be useful in elderly or frail patients who are not candidates for surgical treatment, or in minimally symptomatic patients, such as patients with spontaneous fusion leading to a stable spine. Symptomatic treatment is offered for autonomic dysfunction, such as anticholinergics for bladder control. Most patients require surgical treatment. Spinal fusion is achieved with open, minimally-open (MOA) or minimally-invasive (MIS) approaches. The gold standard is open circumferential fusion; data is lacking to determine the superiority of open or MIS approaches. Patients usually improve after surgery; however, the rarity of the condition makes it difficult to estimate outcomes. This is a review of the latest and seminal literature about the treatment and chronic management of Charcot spine. The review includes the background of the syndrome, clinical presentation, and diagnosis, and compares the different treatment options that are currently available.
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Hutchins, M. O., and H. S. Skjonsby. "Microtrauma to Rat Superficial Masseter Muscles Following Lengthening Contractions." Journal of Dental Research 69, no. 9 (September 1990): 1580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690090901.
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Shiraliyev, O. K., T. F. Mamedov, and Zh I. Gaghiyeva. "Hormones and osteoporosis." Problems of Endocrinology 40, no. 3 (December 15, 1994): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12019.
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Osteoporosis and its complications - bone fractures - represent a significant medical and social problem. Due to osteoporosis, bone fractures occur annually in 1.3 million Americans and 40 thousand Canadians. In France, one in two, and in Australia, one in five women aged about 70 years, suffer from fractures caused by osteoporosis. The occurrence of osteoporosis in old women is due to a decrease in estrogen production. However, a decrease in bone mineral density occurs not only with age, but even more so with all conditions leading to a change in the balance of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, thyroid and parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands.
In connection with the stated purpose of this work was a synthesis of literature data on the effect of hormones on the occurrence and development of osteoporosis.
Bone tissue is a dynamic metabolically active system. Depending on the function performed, cortical and trabecular bone are distinguished. The first makes up three quarters of the entire skeletal mass, forms the diaphysis of the tubular bones, has a low porosity, performs the function of supporting soft tissues and transmitting muscle contraction from one part of the body to another. Trabecular bone tissue makes up one fourth of the mass of the skeleton, forms the bones of the axial skeleton and the epiphysis of the tubular bones, has high porosity and ensures normal vital activity of the bone marrow. To do this, in the trabecular bones there are cavities ranging in size from 500 to 1000 microns, located between bone plates 100-150 microns thick.
The basis of the vital activity of bone tissue is the functioning of two types of cells: osteoclasts resorbing the bone, and osteoblasts responsible for its formation. The ancestors of these cells are not fully understood, although hematopoietic monocyte macrophages are considered the most probable for osteoclasts, and stromal cells for osteoblasts, from which preosteoblasts arise.
Throughout life, there is a constant renewal of bones, manifested in the resorption of individual, very small sections of tissue, with the almost simultaneous formation of a new bone. This process is of great evolutionary importance, since it allows you to remove microtrauma and bone microcracks that arise during the life process. Annually 25% of the mass of the trabecular bones and only 2-3% of the cortical bones are renewed.
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Bombaci, Hasan, Ozgur Erdogan, and Ozan Tanyu. "The Groin Pain in the Gymnasts and its Possible Reasons." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00195.
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Objectives: The overuse injury in gymnasts due to overstretching of the joints is quite frequent. One of the most frequent complaints due to overuse injuries is pain on the insertion region of rectus femoris at the iliac apophysis. In the present study the possible reasons of the groin pain in the gymnasts were evaluated. Methods: Twenty-two amateur athletes from the gymnastic club aged between 8-12 years, were included in this study. Twenty were female and two male, Athletes have been training for 2-4 hours in 5-6 days a week, for 3 to 10 years, performing floor exercises (17 rhytmic gymnasts and five artistic gymnasts,). Gymnasts, who have groin pain and the ones have not, were evaluated according to the ligament laxity, the range of internal and external rotation of the hip joint and gymnastic discipline, which has been performed. The results were compared with Fisher’s Exact test and unpaired t-test. Results: Athletes, who have groin pain complaint and have not, were compared according to the age, the distance between thumb-forearm, hyperextension range in the elbow and the sum of internal and external rotation angle of the hips. Furthermore, the athletes, whose external rotation is more than internal rotation, were compared with the ones whose internal rotation is more than external rotation, to evaluate anteversion angle of the hip clinically. The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). On the other hand, while 7 of the 17 gymnast, who perform rhythmic gymnastics, had groin pain and none of the 5 athletes, who perform artistry gymnastic, has groin pain. Conclusion: Overuse injuries are more common in the gymnastic sport. Repetitive microtrauma with thwarted repair might cause persistent injury in the tendon-bone junction. The anatomic factors (i.e malalignement) and overtraining predispose the athletes to overuse injuries most frequently. During adolescent growth spurt while the growth of long bones proceeds, the rectus femoris muscle, that cross more than one joint, might not gain flexibility enough and leads to excessive tensile stress on the iliac apophysis. Also, the gymnasts with generalized ligamentous laxity are more prone to the overuse injuries. Because lax ligaments fail to provide ligament stability and under further stress on the tissues neighbourhood of joint might cause overuse injuries. However, we were not able to find any difference between the athletes, who have groin pain and the ones have not, from the age, ligament laxity and hip rotation angles points of view. On the other hand, the high prevalence of groin pain complaint in the athletes, who perform rhythm gymnastic, might be related to the discipline specific exercises. So, the overuse injuries might be prevented by the well-planned training program in each particular discipline including strengthening and balance.
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Ott, Nadine, Roger Van Riet, Michael Hackl, Kilian Wegmann, Lars Peter Müller, and Tim Leschinger. "Medial epicondylopathy—microtrauma and pathologic overuse as a cause of degeneration of the flexor tendons." Obere Extremität 15, no. 4 (October 2, 2020): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11678-020-00603-y.
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Abstract Background Medial epicondylitis is a common orthopedic condition that typically results from overuse or previous microtrauma of the flexor-pronator mass. Repetitive eccentric loading of the muscles leads to subsequent degeneration of the flexor tendons. Diagnosis Patients present with a painful elbow. In the case of concomitant elbow pathologies, including ulnar neuritis and ulnar collateral ligament injury, there should be a detailed examination. Generally, the diagnosis is based on the clinical examination. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can be useful for chronic courses, over 6 months. Treatment Nonsurgical management is the mainstay of treatment. Hence, surgical treatment may be indicated for patients with persistent symptoms after conservative treatment. In the case of a surgical treatment, arthroscopy can be useful to capture concomitant elbow pathologies.
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Delbrouck, C., M. Chamiec, S. Hassid, and R. Ghanooni. "Lobular capillary haemangioma of the nasal cavity during pregnancy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 9 (July 12, 2011): 973–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111001654.
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AbstractObjective:We report a pregnant patient with a rapidly growing mass within the nasal cavity, which required pre-operative super-selective embolisation and subsequent removal under general anaesthesia after childbirth. We also discuss the clinical, radiological and histological characteristics of lobular capillary haemangioma, and its treatment.Method:Case report and literature review.Results:Lobular capillary haemangioma is a benign lesion originating in the vascular tissue of skin, mucosa, muscles, glands and bone. These lesions grow rapidly. Nasal localisation is rare. Microtrauma and pregnancy are the most commonly proposed aetiological factors. Reported incidence during pregnancy ranges from less than 2 per cent to approximately 5 per cent. The management of a pregnant woman with such a lesion may be complex, and depends on the severity of symptoms and the status of the pregnancy. Complete surgical excision, with or without pre-operative embolisation, is the treatment of choice.Conclusion:This uncommon lesion should be considered in any pregnant patient with a mass in the mouth or nasal cavity.
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Miles, Mary P., Stephanie Wilson, and Carl J. Yeoman. "Physical Activity and Inflammation Phenotype Conversion." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-6193-8.2.64.
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ABSTRACT Inflammation is a protective response to infection or injury; however, persistent microtraumas at the tissue level may result in chronic low-grade inflammation that plays both direct and indirect roles in the development of many diseases and aging. The purpose of this review is to describe the underlying physiology of low-grade inflammation and highlight potential inflammation lowering effects of physical activity (PA). Unique contributions of this review are to introduce the concept of inflammation phenotype flexibility in contrast to the low-grade inflammation state and describe how PA influences inflammation phenotype by altering muscle, gut, adipose, and postprandial metabolism. Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and cytokines—such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6—contribute to low-grade inflammation. Among the mechanisms that commonly contribute to low-grade inflammation are dysfunctional adipose tissue, a leaky gut, gut microbiota that promotes inflammation, and large postprandial glycemic and lipidemic responses. Physical activity may lower inflammation by decreasing M1 macrophages in visceral adipose tissue, decreasing adipose tissue volume, production of anti-inflammatory myokines, promotion of butyrate-producing members of the gut microbiota, improved gut barrier function, and lowering of postprandial glycemic and lipidemic responses. While exercise has many anti-inflammatory mechanisms, phenotype conversion is complex, multifaceted, and difficult to achieve. Our understanding of how PA influences inflammation must include acute exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effects, contribution to the inflammation state from multiple sources in the body, and phenotypic shifts underpinning low-grade inflammation.
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Gligor, Șerban, and Răzvan Gligor. "The potential role of omega-3 fatty acids supplements in increasing athletic performance." Timisoara Physical Education and Rehabilitation Journal 9, no. 16 (September 1, 2016): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tperj-2016-0004.
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Abstract Polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are essential fatty acids that cannot be produced by the body itself and therefore must be provided through nutrition. Omega-6 and particularly omega-3 fatty acids have important roles in the organism, contributing to the maintenance and promotion of health. The optimal proportion of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is 2:1, or even better 1:1. They are involved in normal growth and development, play a role in the prevention of coronary and cardiovascular diseases, of diabetes mellitus, of arterial hypertension, arthritis and cancer. Omega-3 fatty acids mainly have an anti-inflammatory effect, but also act as hypolipidemic and antithrombotic agents. A potential role of omega-3 fatty acids is that of increasing physical performance. Their role in the physical activity refers on one side to the global health of athletes and on the other side to their anti-inflammatory effect, as high intensity physical exercise induces increased free-radical production and microtraumas, with the induction of an inflammatory status. The anti-inflammatory effect of these fatty acids manifests through an increased production of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, through decreasing the production of prostaglandins metabolites, decreasing the production of leukotriene B4, etc. They are also effective on reducing muscle pain post eccentric exercise and on decreasing the severity of bronchoconstriction induced by exercise, as well as improving pulmonary function variables. In conclusion it seems that supplementing diets with omega-3 fatty acids, apart from having benefic effects on health and on the prevention and management of certain affections, proves to be a beneficial for physical activity and athletic performance.
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Črnivec, Rajko. "Assessment of Health Risks in Musicians of the Slovene Philharmonic Orchestra, Ljubljana, Slovenia." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2004.3023.
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This study consisted of medical examination and comparison of results obtained in 70 musicians from the Slovene Philharmonic Orchestra, Ljubljana. The main goals of the study were to identify performance-related musculoskeletal disorders, to assess the health status and working capacity of the musicians, and to propose measures for improved protection of their health. The results were compared with results obtained in a control group of 28 marketing workers at Philip Morris Enterprise, Ljubljana. Musculoskeletal problems of the studied group of Slovene musicians were compared with problems of 109 musicians of the Berlin Opera Orchestra examined at the Institute of Occupational Health, Berlin, Germany. We identified performance-related diseases (inflammatory and degenerative skeletal disorders and minor occupational hearing impairments) that were most frequent. A significant proportion of performing musicians had overuse syndrome, caused by excessive use of the extremities and characterized by cumulative microtrauma exceeding human physiologic limits, and dermatologic problems, such as finger calluses and “fiddler’s neck.” The most frequent musculoskeletal problems were due to repetitive motion, unphysiologic postures (isometric strain on the affected muscles), and prolonged sitting position during performances. The highest level of musculoskeletal disorders was noted in the double bass and cello sections, followed by violin, viola, woodwind, and brass players. The severity of physical impairments and restricted ability to perform music were correlated with age, duration of classical music performance, and total length of service. In the group of Slovenian musicians, the incidence of health problems in general was twice as high as in the control group, whereas the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders was six times as high as that in the control group. Health status of the musicians in terms of moderate and severe physical impairments was worse than in the control group. Measures for improved health protection and better performance ability were proposed.
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Di Caprio, Francesco, Renato Meringolo, Maria Adiletta Navarra, Massimiliano Mosca, and Lorenzo Ponziani. "Five Centimeters Morton's Neuroma in a 46-Year-Old Woman Affected by Macrodactily." Joints, May 20, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712112.
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AbstractThe present article described the case of a voluminous Morton's neuroma of the third intermetatarsal space in a patient affected by macrodactily. The case was unique because of its dimensions, the uncommon surgical approach which was needed for removal, the association with macrodactily of the fourth toe with Raynaud's phenomenon, and the postoperative defect in the intrinsic muscles. The patient was operated in February 2016 by transverse plantar approach. Twelve months after surgery, the patient complained for hypoesthesia on third and fourth toes with inability to actively spread the toes and enlargement in the second interdigital space. The dimensions of the lesions may be explained with the presence of macrodactily in the fourth toe with occasional Raynaud's phenomenon, which may have caused an abnormal arrangement of the nerve branches for the fourth interspace with related microtrauma. A plantar approach was highly recommended as the size of the lesion forced it to the plantar surface of the foot. The inability to actively spread the toes and the enlargement of the second interdigital space are likely to be related to a deficiency of the interosseous muscles, innervated by the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve, which had probably been sacrificed because of the size of the lesion and the subversion of the surrounding anatomical relationships.