Relevant bibliographies by topics / Muscle mechanics

Academic literature on the topic 'Muscle mechanics'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Muscle mechanics"

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Sugi, Haruo. "Muscle mechanics." Journal of Biomechanics 40 (January 2007): S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(07)70002-7.

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2

FITTS, ROBERT H., and JEFFREY J. WIDRICK. "Muscle Mechanics." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 24 (1996): 427???474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00003677-199600240-00016.

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Hwang, Willy, Jason C. Carvalho, Isaac Tarlovsky, and Aladin M. Boriek. "Passive mechanics of canine internal abdominal muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 5 (May 2005): 1829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00910.2003.

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The internal abdominal muscles are biaxially loaded in vivo, and therefore length-tension relations along and transverse to the directions of the muscle fibers are important in understanding their mechanical properties. We hypothesized that 1) internal oblique and transversus abdominis form an internal abdominal composite muscle with altered compliance than that of either muscle individually, and 2) anisotropy, different compliances in orthogonal directions, of internal abdominal composite muscle is less pronounced than that of its individual muscles. To test these hypotheses, in vitro mechanical testing was performed on 5 × 5 cm squares of transversus abdominis, internal oblique, and the two muscles together as a composite. These tissues were harvested from the left lateral side of abdominal muscles of eleven mongrel dogs (15–23 kg) and placed in a bath of oxygenated Krebs solution. Each tissue strip was attached to a biaxial mechanical testing device. Each muscle was passively lengthened and shortened along muscle fibers, transverse to fibers, or simultaneously along and transverse to muscle fibers. Both transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles demonstrated less extensibility in the direction transverse to muscle fibers than along fibers. Biaxial loading caused a stiffening effect that was greater in the direction along the fibers than transverse to the fibers. Furthermore, the abdominal muscle composite was less compliant than either muscle alone in the direction of the muscle fibers. Taken together, our data suggested that the internal abdominal composite tissue has complex mechanical properties that are dependent on the mechanical properties of internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles.
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Bilston, Lynne E., Bart Bolsterlee, Antoine Nordez, and Shantanu Sinha. "Contemporary image-based methods for measuring passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscles in vivo." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 1454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00672.2018.

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Skeletal muscles’ primary function in the body is mechanical: to move and stabilize the skeleton. As such, their mechanical behavior is a key aspect of their physiology. Recent developments in medical imaging technology have enabled quantitative studies of passive muscle mechanics, ranging from measurements of intrinsic muscle mechanical properties, such as elasticity and viscosity, to three-dimensional muscle architecture and dynamic muscle deformation and kinematics. In this review we summarize the principles and applications of contemporary imaging methods that have been used to study the passive mechanical behavior of skeletal muscles. Elastography measurements can provide in vivo maps of passive muscle mechanical parameters, and both MRI and ultrasound methods are available (magnetic resonance elastography and ultrasound shear wave elastography, respectively). Both have been shown to differentiate between healthy muscle and muscles affected by a broad range of clinical conditions. Detailed muscle architecture can now be depicted using diffusion tensor imaging, which not only is particularly useful for computational modeling of muscle but also has potential in assessing architectural changes in muscle disorders. More dynamic information about muscle mechanics can be obtained using a range of dynamic MRI methods, which characterize the detailed internal muscle deformations during motion. There are several MRI techniques available (e.g., phase-contrast MRI, displacement-encoded MRI, and “tagged” MRI), each of which can be collected in synchrony with muscle motion and postprocessed to quantify muscle deformation. Together, these modern imaging techniques can characterize muscle motion, deformation, mechanical properties, and architecture, providing complementary insights into skeletal muscle function.
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Lopez, Michael A., Sherina Bontiff, Mary Adeyeye, Aziz I. Shaibani, Matthew S. Alexander, Shari Wynd, and Aladin M. Boriek. "Mechanics of dystrophin deficient skeletal muscles in very young mice and effects of age." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 321, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): C230—C246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00155.2019.

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The MDX mouse is an animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a human disease marked by an absence of the cytoskeletal protein, dystrophin. We hypothesized that 1) dystrophin serves a complex mechanical role in skeletal muscles by contributing to passive compliance, viscoelastic properties, and contractile force production and 2) age is a modulator of passive mechanics of skeletal muscles of the MDX mouse. Using an in vitro biaxial mechanical testing apparatus, we measured passive length-tension relationships in the muscle fiber direction as well as transverse to the fibers, viscoelastic stress-relaxation curves, and isometric contractile properties. To avoid confounding secondary effects of muscle necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, we used very young 3-wk-old mice whose muscles reflected the prefibrotic and prenecrotic state. Compared with controls, 1) muscle extensibility and compliance were greater in both along fiber direction and transverse to fiber direction in MDX mice and 2) the relaxed elastic modulus was greater in dystrophin-deficient diaphragms. Furthermore, isometric contractile muscle stress was reduced in the presence and absence of transverse fiber passive stress. We also examined the effect of age on the diaphragm length-tension relationships and found that diaphragm muscles from 9-mo-old MDX mice were significantly less compliant and less extensible than those of muscles from very young MDX mice. Our data suggest that the age of the MDX mouse is a determinant of the passive mechanics of the diaphragm; in the prefibrotic/prenecrotic stage, muscle extensibility and compliance, as well as viscoelasticity, and muscle contractility are altered by loss of dystrophin.
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Jannapureddy, Suneal R., Nisha D. Patel, Willy Hwang, and Aladin M. Boriek. "Selected Contribution: Merosin deficiency leads to alterations in passive and active skeletal muscle mechanics." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 2524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01078.2002.

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The role of extracellular elements on the mechanical properties of skeletal muscles is unknown. Merosin is an essential extracellular matrix protein that forms a mechanical junction between the sarcolemma and collagen. Therefore, it is possible that merosin plays a role in force transmission between muscle fibers and collagen. We hypothesized that deficiency in merosin may alter passive muscle stiffness, viscoelastic properties, and contractile muscle force in skeletal muscles. We used the dy/dy mouse, a merosin-deficient mouse model, to examine changes in passive and active muscle mechanics. After mice were anesthetized and the diaphragm or the biceps femoris hindlimb muscle was excised, passive length-tension relationships, stress-relaxation curves, or isometric contractile properties were determined with an in vitro biaxial mechanical testing apparatus. Compared with controls, extensibility was smaller in the muscle fiber direction and the transverse fiber direction of the mutant mice. The relaxed elastic modulus was smaller in merosin-deficient diaphragms compared with controls. Interestingly, maximal muscle tetanic stress was depressed in muscles from the mutant mice during uniaxial loading but not during biaxial loading. However, presence of transverse passive stretch increases maximal contractile stress in both the mutant and normal mice. Our data suggest that merosin contributes to muscle passive stiffness, viscoelasticity, and contractility and that the mechanism by which force is transmitted between adjacent myofibers via merosin possibly in shear.
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Wakeling, James M., Ollie M. Blake, Iris Wong, Manku Rana, and Sabrina S. M. Lee. "Movement mechanics as a determinate of muscle structure, recruitment and coordination." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1570 (May 27, 2011): 1554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0294.

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During muscle contractions, the muscle fascicles may shorten at a rate different from the muscle-tendon unit, and the ratio of these velocities is its gearing. Appropriate gearing allows fascicles to reduce their shortening velocities and allows them to operate at effective shortening velocities across a range of movements. Gearing of the muscle fascicles within the muscle belly is the result of rotations of the fascicles and bulging of the belly. Variable gearing can also occur as a result of tendon length changes that can be caused by changes in the relative timing of muscle activity for different mechanical tasks. Recruitment patterns of slow and fast fibres are crucial for achieving optimal muscle performance, and coordination between muscles is related to whole limb performance. Poor coordination leads to inefficiencies and loss of power, and optimal coordination is required for high power outputs and high mechanical efficiencies from the limb. This paper summarizes key studies in these areas of neuromuscular mechanics and results from studies where we have tested these phenomena on a cycle ergometer are presented to highlight novel insights. The studies show how muscle structure and neural activation interact to generate smooth and effective motion of the body.
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Miyanishi, Shouji, and Tadashi Kashima. "Trajectory Formation in Human Arm Movements Based on Joint Motor Model Demonstrating Muscle Characteristics(Musculo-Skeletal Mechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.149.

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Wang, Simon, and Stuart M. McGill. "Links between the Mechanics of Ventilation and Spine Stability." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 24, no. 2 (May 2008): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.24.2.166.

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Spine stability is ensured through isometric coactivation of the torso muscles; however, these same muscles are used cyclically to assist ventilation. Our objective was to investigate this apparent paradoxical role (isometric contraction for stability or rhythmic contraction for ventilation) of some selected torso muscles that are involved in both ventilation and support of the spine. Eight, asymptomatic, male subjects provided data on low back moments, motion, muscle activation, and hand force. These data were input to an anatomically detailed, biologically driven model from which spine load and a lumbar spine stability index was obtained. Results revealed that subjects entrained their torso stabilization muscles to breathe during demanding ventilation tasks. Increases in lung volume and back extensor muscle activation coincided with increases in spine stability, whereas declines in spine stability were observed during periods of low lung inflation volume and simultaneously low levels of torso muscle activation. As a case study, aberrant ventilation motor patterns (poor muscle entrainment), seen in one subject, compromised spine stability. Those interested in rehabilitation of patients with lung compromise and concomitant back troubles would be assisted with knowledge of the mechanical links between ventilation during tasks that impose spine loading.
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Olesen, Annesofie T., Bente R. Jensen, Toni L. Uhlendorf, Randy W. Cohen, Guus C. Baan, and Huub Maas. "Muscle-specific changes in length-force characteristics of the calf muscles in the spastic Han-Wistar rat." Journal of Applied Physiology 117, no. 9 (November 1, 2014): 989–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00587.2014.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate muscle mechanical properties and mechanical interaction between muscles in the lower hindlimb of the spastic mutant rat. Length-force characteristics of gastrocnemius (GA), soleus (SO), and plantaris (PL) were assessed in anesthetized spastic and normally developed Han-Wistar rats. In addition, the extent of epimuscular myofascial force transmission between synergistic GA, SO, and PL, as well as between the calf muscles and antagonistic tibialis anterior (TA), was investigated. Active length-force curves of spastic GA and PL were narrower with a reduced maximal active force. In contrast, active length-force characteristics of spastic SO were similar to those of controls. In reference position (90° ankle and knee angle), higher resistance to ankle dorsiflexion and increased passive stiffness was found for the spastic calf muscle group. At optimum length, passive stiffness and passive force of spastic GA were decreased, whereas those of spastic SO were increased. No mechanical interaction between the calf muscles and TA was found. As GA was lengthened, force from SO and PL declined despite a constant muscle-tendon unit length of SO and PL. However, the extent of this interaction was not different in spastic rats. In conclusion, the effects of spasticity on length-force characteristics were muscle specific. The changes observed for GA and PL muscles are consistent with the changes in limb mechanics reported for human patients. Our results indicate that altered mechanics in spastic rats cannot be attributed to differences in mechanical interaction, but originate from individual muscular structures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Muscle mechanics"

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Marcucci, Lorenzo. "A mechanical model of muscle mechanics." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004880.

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Dunaway, Dwayne Lee. "Nano-mechanics of skeletal muscle structures /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8022.

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Sundar, Kartik. "The importance of muscle mechanics during movement." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28137.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: DeWeerth, Stephen P.; Committee Co-Chair: Ting, Lena H.; Committee Member: Burkholder, Thomas J.; Committee Member: Nichols, T. Richard; Committee Member: Tresch, Matthew C.
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Roman, Horia Nicolae. "Smooth muscle molecular mechanics in the latch-state." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121358.

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The latch-state is the capacity of smooth muscle to maintain force for long periods of time with low energy consumption. The prevalent theory to explain the latch-state suggests that if myosin gets deactivated (dephosphorylated) while attached to actin, it remains attached and maintains force. Other theories suggest that dephosphorylated and detached myosin can bind to actin to maintain force and that actin regulatory proteins participate in the force maintenance. All theories of the latch-state were based on measurements performed at the whole muscle level and were never confirmed at the molecular level. Verifying the latch-state theories at the molecular level was the main goal of this thesis.To further our understanding of the latch-state, the role of calponin in the binding of unphosphorylated myosin to actin was determined. The laser trap assay was used to measure the average force of unbinding (Funb) in the absence and presence of calponin. Calponin enhanced the Funb. Phosphorylation of calponin with Ca2+-calmodulin dependant protein kinase II, which detaches calponin from actin, decreased the Funb to the unregulated actin level. Performing the measurements at high ionic strength, which detaches calponin from myosin, had the same effect on the Funb. These later two measurements demonstrate that calponin enhances the Funb of unphosphorylated myosin to actin by crosslinking them together. Next, the effect of caldesmon on the Funb was studied; caldesmon enhanced the Funb. Because tropomyosin is known to potentiate biochemical and mechanical effects of caldesmon, its action on the Funb in combination with caldesmon was also measured. Tropomyosin enhanced the Funb on its own but had no synergistic effect with caldesmon. Phosphorylation of caldesmon with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) decreased the Funb below the unregulated actin level. Because ERK phosphorylation of caldesmon occurs late in the contraction, this last result suggests a relaxation mechanism from the latch-state. Examination of the force traces revealed a visco-elastic behavior of myosin in the presence of ERK phosphorylated caldesmon which either prevents binding or promotes detachment from actin, thus leading to muscle relaxation. Finally, the ultimate molecular level demonstration of the latch-state requires dephosphorylation of myosin during molecular force measurements with a laser trap assay. However, addition of myosin light chain phosphatase cannot be done without disturbing the single molecule level mechanics measurements. Thus, a microfluidic device was designed and developed to allow the addition of chemicals to a molecular mechanics flow-through chamber without creating any bulk flow. A micro-channel chamber was created by standard photolithography on silicon wafers with the patterns transferred to polymethylsiloxane (PDMS). The chamber was then bound to a polycarbonate membrane which itself was bound to the molecular mechanics chamber. The micro-channels assured rapid distribution of the chemicals whereas the membrane assured efficient delivery but prevented bulk flow. The device was tested by injection of adenosine triphosphate to initiate the propulsion of actin by myosin. The proof of principle of this microfluidic device concludes this thesis.
Le muscle lisse possède la capacité unique de maintenir une force élevée tout en consommant peu d'adénosine triphosphate (ATP); cette propriété est appelée 'latch-state'. La théorie la mieux connue pour expliquer cet état suggère que si la myosine est désactivée (déphosphorylation de sa chaîne légère) pendant qu'elle est attachée à l'actine, elle reste attachée et maintient la force. D'autres théories suggèrent que la myosine désactivée et détachée peut s'attacher à l'actine pour maintenir la force et que les protéines régulatrices de l'actine participent aussi à cet effort. Toutes les théories sur l'état 'latch' ont été extrapolées à partir de mesures réalisées sur la totalité du muscle sans jamais être confirmées au niveau moléculaire. Le but principal de cette thèse était de vérifier les théories de l'état 'latch' au niveau moléculaire. Afin de mieux comprendre l'état 'latch', le rôle de la calponine, dans l'attachement de la myosine non-phosphorylée à l'actine, a été déterminé. Des pinces optiques ont été utilisées pour mesurer la force moyenne de leur détachement (Funb) en l'absence et en présence de la calponine. La calponine a augmenté la Funb. La phosphorylation de la calponine avec l'enzyme protéine kinase II (Ca2+-calmoduline dépendante), qui a pour effet de détacher la calponine de l'actine, a diminué la Funb jusqu'au niveau de l'actine non-régulée. De plus, des mesures de force ont été réalisées à haute force ionique, détachant cette fois-ci la calponine de la myosine. Ceci a aussi diminué la Funb jusqu'au niveau de l'actine non-régulée. Ces résultats montrent que la calponine augmente la Funb de la myosine non-phosphorylée à l'actine par liaison croisée (myosine-calponine-actine). Ensuite, l'effet de la caldesmone sur la Funb a été étudié; la caldesmone augmente aussi la Funb. Puisque la tropomyosine est connue pour promouvoir les actions biochimiques et mécaniques de la caldesmone, son action sur la Funb en combinaison avec la caldesmone a aussi été mesurée. La tropomyosine augmente la Funb lorsqu'elle est seule mais n'a pas d'effet synergétique avec la caldesmone. La phosphorylation de la caldesmone avec la kinase régulatrice des signaux extracellulaires (ERK) a diminué la Funb en dessous du niveau de l'actine non-régulée. Ce dernier résultat suggère un mécanisme de relaxation à partir de l'état 'latch' étant donné que la phosphorylation de la caldesmone par ERK se produit tard dans la contraction. D'autre part, l'examen des traces de force a révélé un comportement viscoélastique de la myosine en présence de la caldesmone phosphorylée, ce qui semble soit prévenir l'attachement, soit promouvoir le détachement de l'actine, menant ainsi à la relaxation du muscle à partir de l'état 'latch'. Finalement, la démonstration ultime de l'état 'latch' au niveau moléculaire requiert la déphosphorylation de la myosine pendant les mesures de forces moléculaires faites à l'aide de pinces optiques. Cependant l'addition de la phosphatase de la chaîne légère de myosine ne peut se faire sans perturber les mesures de mécanique au niveau moléculaire. A cet effet, un appareil micro-fluidique a été conçu et développé pour permettre l'ajout de solutions biochimiques à la chambre de mesure de micromécanique sans créer de débit net. Des micro-canaux ont été créés par photolithographie sur substrats de silicium suivie d'un transfert des formes sur polymethylsiloxane (PDMS). La chambre des micro-canaux a ensuite été collée à une membrane de polycarbonate qui elle a ensuite été collée à la chambre de micromécanique. Les micro-canaux assurent la livraison rapide et uniforme tandis que la membrane assure le transfert efficace des produits biochimiques tout en empêchant un débit net. Le fonctionnement de l'appareil a été vérifié en injectant de l'ATP en présence d'actine et de myosine phosphorylée. La propulsion de l'actine par la myosine a été observée validant ainsi le principe de l'appareil microfluidique.
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Bampouras, Theodoros M. "Assessment of muscle activation capacity : methodological considerations of muscle mechanics and implications for testing." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2016. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/617472/.

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Muscle activation capacity assessment could be affected by the mechanical behaviour of the muscle, but this aspect has received little attention. Understanding the effect the muscle's mechanical behaviour has on muscle activation capacity assessment can be paramount in achieving a better understanding of muscle function. The aim of the present Thesis was to examine the methodological implications of the mechanical behaviour of the muscle during muscle activation capacity assessment. Four studies were designed to examine the effect of the muscle-tendon unit on a) muscle activation capacity calculation methods and number of stimuli used, by manipulating quadriceps muscle length and consequently stiffness, b) stimulation intensity required and associated discomfort, by examining whether a lower than supramaximal stimulation intensity threshold, sufficient to stretch the muscle-tendon, exists, and c) the interplay between muscle mechanics and activation, by manipulating the testing position on the dynamometer, stabilisation and concurrent activation of remote muscles. Isometric knee extensions were used for all studies, and electrical stimuli was delivered to the muscle to quantify muscle activation capacity or induce muscular contractions by circumventing the voluntary neural drive. The results showed that a) altered muscle stiffness affects muscle activation values depending on the calculation method and number of stimuli used, suggesting caution to testing where muscle stiffness is likely to change, b) a lower stimulation intensity exists that can reduce subject discomfort while obtaining valid activation capacity results, widening the application of electrical muscle stimulation, and c) muscle activation must be considered in musculoskeletal models for more accurate predictions but the level of activation will ultimately depend on how stabilised the muscle is. Collectively, these results demonstrate the considerable effect muscle mechanics have on muscle activation capacity and that muscle strength assessment must take into account this aspect for more accurate inferences on muscle function.
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Tomalka, André [Verfasser], and Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Siebert. "Determination of biomechanical and architectural muscle properties : from single muscle fibre to whole muscle mechanics / André Tomalka ; Betreuer: Tobias Siebert." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162497270/34.

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Goddard-Marshall, Ayana A. "Characterization of the activity of the involuntary calf muscle pump." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Bioengineering, Biomedical Engineering, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references.
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Pontén, Eva. "Tendon transfer mechanics and donor muscle properties : implications in surgical correction of upper limb muscle imbalance." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för integrativ medicinsk biologi (IMB), 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-167.

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Tendon transfer surgery is used to improve the hand function of patients with nerve injuries, spinal cord lesions, cerebral palsy (CP), stroke, or muscle injuries. The tendon of a muscle, usually with function opposite that of the lost muscle function, is transferred to the tendon of the deficient muscle. The aim is to balance the wrist and fingers to achieve better hand function. The position, function, and length at which the donor muscle is sutured is essential for the outcome for the procedure. In these studies the significance of the transferred muscle’s morphology, length and apillarization was investigated using both animal and human models. Immunohistochemical, biochemical, and laser diffraction techniques were used to examine muscle structure. In animal studies (rabbit), the effects of immobilization and of tendon transfers at different muscle lengths were analyzed. Immobilization of highly stretched muscles resulted in fibrosis and aberrant regeneration. A greater pull on the tendon while suturing a tendon transfer resulted in larger sarcomere lengths as measured in vivo. On examination of the number of sarcomeres per muscle fiber and the sarcomere lengths after 3 weeks of immobilization and healing time, we found a cut-off point up to which the sarcomerogenesis was optimal. Transfer at too long sarcomere lengths inhibited adaptation of the muscle to its new length, probably resulting in diminished function. In human studies we defined the sarcomere lengths of a normal human flexor carpi ulnaris muscle through the range of motion, and then again after a routinely performed tendon transfer to the finger extensor. A calculated model illustrated that after a transfer the largest force was predicted to occur with the wrist in extension. Morphological studies of spastic biceps brachii muscle showed, compared with control muscle, smaller fiber areas and higher variability in fiber size. Similar changes were also found in the more spastic wrist flexors comparing with wrist extensors in children with CP. In flexors, more type 2B fibers were found. These observations could all be due to the decreased use in the spastic limb, but might also represent a specific effect of the spasticity. In children and adults with spasticity very small fibers containing developmental myosin were present in all specimens, while none were found in controls. These fibers probably represent newly formed fibers originating from activated satellite cells. Impaired supraspinal control of active motion as well as of spinal reflexes, both typical of upper motor syndrome, could result in minor eccentric injuries of the muscle, causing activation of satellite cells. Spastic biceps muscles had fewer capillaries per cross-sectional area compared to age-matched controls, and also a smaller number of capillaries around each fiber. Nevertheless, the number of capillaries related to the specific fiber area was normal, and hence the spastic fibers are sufficiently supplied with capillaries. This study shows that the length of the muscle during tendon transfer is crucial for optimization of force output. Laser diffraction can be used for accurate measurement of sarcomere length during tendon transfer surgery. Wrist flexor muscles have more morphological alterations typical of spasticity compared to extensors.
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Pontén, Eva. "Tendon transfer mechanics and donor muscle properties : implications in surgical correction of upper limb muscle imbalance /." Umeå : Integrativ medicinsk biologi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-167.

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Murtada, Sae-Il. "Smooth muscle modeling activation and contraction of contractile units in smooth muscle /." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11349.

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Books on the topic "Muscle mechanics"

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Aaberg, Everett. Muscle mechanics. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2006.

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1963-, Aaberg Everett, ed. Muscle mechanics. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1998.

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Mechanics of muscle. 2nd ed. New York: New York University Press, 1992.

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1955-, Herzog W., ed. Skeletal muscle mechanics: From mechanisms to function. Chichester, UK: John Wiley, 2000.

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Cooper, Ellis D. Mathematical mechanics: From particle to muscle. Singapore: World Scientific, 2011.

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Dissertations: On the mechanics of effervescence and fermentation and on the mechanics of the movement of the muscles. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997.

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Kinesiology: The skeletal system and muscle function. 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby/Elsevier, 2011.

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Smith, Laura K. Brunnstrom's clinical kinesiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1996.

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Lawrence, Weiss Elizabeth, and Lehmkuhl L. Don 1930-, eds. Brunnstrom's clinical kinesiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 1996.

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Chu-Jeng, Chiu Ray, ed. Biomechanical cardiac assist: Cardiomyoplasty and muscle-powered devices. Mount Kisco, N.Y: Futura Pub. Co., 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Muscle mechanics"

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Hoppensteadt, Frank C., and Charles S. Peskin. "Muscle Mechanics." In Texts in Applied Mathematics, 199–209. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4131-5_10.

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Hoppensteadt, Frank C., and Charles S. Peskin. "Muscle Mechanics." In Modeling and Simulation in Medicine and the Life Sciences, 171–92. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21571-6_6.

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White, D. C. S. "Muscle Mechanics." In Advances in Physiological Research, 271–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9492-5_15.

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Westerhof, Nicolaas, Nikolaos Stergiopulos, and Mark I. M. Noble. "Cardiac Muscle Mechanics." In Snapshots of Hemodynamics, 69–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6363-5_12.

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Westerhof, Nicolaas, Nikolaos Stergiopulos, Mark I. M. Noble, and Berend E. Westerhof. "Cardiac Muscle Mechanics." In Snapshots of Hemodynamics, 91–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91932-4_13.

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Zahalak, George I. "Modeling Muscle Mechanics (and Energetics)." In Multiple Muscle Systems, 1–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9030-5_1.

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Parmley, William W. "Mechanics of Ventricular Muscle." In The Ventricle, 41–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2599-4_2.

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Loeb, Gerald E., and William S. Levine. "Linking Musculoskeletal Mechanics to Sensorimotor Neurophysiology." In Multiple Muscle Systems, 165–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9030-5_10.

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Röhrle, Oliver. "Skeletal Muscle Modelling." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53605-6_39-1.

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Röhrle, Oliver. "Skeletal Muscle Modelling." In Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics, 2292–301. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55771-6_39.

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Conference papers on the topic "Muscle mechanics"

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Odegard, G. M., T. L. Haut Donahue, D. A. Morrow, and K. R. Kaufman. "Constitutive Modeling of Skeletal Muscle Tissue." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-175848.

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The main functions of the human musculoskeletal system are to sustain loads and provide mobility. Bones and joints themselves cannot produce movement; skeletal muscles provide the ability to move. Knowledge of muscle forces during given activities can provide insight into muscle mechanics, muscle physiology, musculoskeletal mechanics, neurophysiology, and motor control. However, clinical examinations or instrumented strength testing only provides information regarding muscle groups. Musculoskeletal models are typically needed to calculate individual muscle forces.
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Nicolella, Daniel P., Barron Bichon, W. Loren Francis, and Travis D. Eliason. "Dynamic Modeling of Knee Mechanics." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63940.

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It is widely accepted that the mechanical environment within the knee, or more specifically, increased or altered stresses or strains generated within the cartilage, is a leading cause of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, a significant unfulfilled technological challenge in musculoskeletal biomechanics and OA research has been determining the dynamic mechanical environment of the cartilage (and other components) resulting from routine and non-routine physical movements. There are two methods of investigating musculoskeletal joint mechanics that have been used to date: 1) forward and inverse multibody dynamic simulations of human movement and 2) detailed quasi-static finite element modeling of individual joints. The overwhelming majority of work has been focused on musculoskeletal multibody dynamics modeling. This method, in combination with experimental motion capture and analysis, has been integral to understanding torques, muscle and ligament forces, and reaction forces occurring at the joint during activities such as walking, running, squatting, and jumping as well as providing key insights into musculoskeletal motor control schemes. However, multibody dynamics simulations do not allow for the detailed continuum level analysis of the mechanical environment of the cartilage and other knee joint structures (meniscus, ligaments, and underlying bone) within the knee during physical activities. This is a critical technology gap that is required to understand the relationship between functional or injurious loading of the knee and cartilage degradation. We have developed a detailed neuromuscularly activated dynamic finite element model of the human lower body and have used this model to simultaneously determine the dynamic muscle forces, joint kinematics, contact forces, and detailed (e.g., continuum) stresses and strains within the knee (cartilage, meniscus, ligaments, and bone) during several increasingly complex neuromuscularly controlled and actuated lower limb movements. Motion at each joint is controlled explicitly via deformable cartilage-to-cartilage surface contact at each articular surface (rather than idealized as simple revolute or ball and socket joints). The major muscles activating the lower limb are explicitly modeled with Hill-type active force generating springs using anatomical muscle insertion points and geometric wrapping. Muscle activation dynamics were determined via a constrained optimization scheme to minimize muscle activation energy. Time histories of the mechanical environment of all soft tissues within the knee are determined for a simulated leg extension.
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Slightam, Jonathon E., and Mark L. Nagurka. "Theoretical Modeling, Analysis, and Experimental Results of a Hydraulic Artificial Muscle Prototype." In ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1654.

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Abstract Fluidic braided artificial muscles have been studied for close to seventy years. Their high power-to-weight ratio and force-to-weight ratio make them a desirable actuation technology for compact and lightweight mobile manipulation. Use of hydraulics with fluidic artificial muscles has helped realize high actuation forces with new potential applications. To achieve large actuation forces produced from high internal pressure, artificial muscles operate near the limitations of their mechanical strength. Design improvements and future applications in mechanical systems will benefit from detailed theoretical analysis of the fluidic artificial muscle mechanics. This paper presents the theoretical modeling of a hydraulic artificial muscle, analysis of its mechanics, and experimental results that validate the model. A prototype is analyzed that operates at 14 MPa and can generate up to 6.3 kN of force and a displacement of 21.5 mm. This model promises to be useful for mechanical system design and model-based control.
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Sorge, Francesco, and Marco Cammalleri. "A theoretical approach to pneumatic muscle mechanics." In 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim.2013.6584228.

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Piovesan, Davide, Alberto Pierobon, and Ferdinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi. "Third-Order Muscle Models: The Role of Oscillatory Behavior in Force Control." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88081.

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This paper presents the analysis of a third-order linear differential equation representing a muscle-tendon system, including the identification of critical damping conditions. We analytically verified that this model is required for a faithful representation of muscle-skeletal muscles and provided numerical examples using the biomechanical properties of muscles and tendon reported in the literature. We proved the existence of a theoretical threshold for the ratio between tendon and muscle stiffness above which critical damping can never be achieved, thus resulting in an oscillatory free response of the system, independently of the value of the damping. Oscillation of the limb can be compensated only by active control, which requires creating an internal model of the limb mechanics. We demonstrated that, when admissible, over-damping of the muscle-tendon system occurs for damping values included within a finite interval between two separate critical limits. The same interval is a semi-infinite region in second-order models. Moreover, an increase in damping beyond the second critical point rapidly brings the system to mechanical instability.
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"The influence of muscle forces on musculoskeletal system loads during lifting – pilot study." In Engineering Mechanics 2018. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21495/91-8-77.

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Araújo, Fernando, Carolina Seixas Moreira, Vanusa dos Santos Alcantara, and Luiz Nunes. "Mechanical characterization of bovine skeletal muscle under simple shear." In 8th International Symposium on Solid Mechanics. ABCM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.mecsol2022.msl22-0054.

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Koppes, Ryan A., Douglas M. Swank, and David T. Corr. "Force Depression in the Drosophila Jump Muscle." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19436.

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The depression of isometric force after active shortening, termed force depression (FD), is a well-accepted characteristic of skeletal muscle that has been demonstrated in both whole muscle [1,3] and single-fiber preparations [1,2]. Although this history-dependent behavior has been observed experimentally for over 70 years, its underlying mechanism(s) remain unknown. Drosophila melangastor, commonly known as the fruit fly, is a well established, comprehensively understood, and genetically manipulable animal model. Furthermore, Drosophila have proved to be an accurate model species for studying muscle mechanics, and the Tergal Depressor of the Trochanter (TDT), or jump muscle, has most precisely resembled the mechanics of mammalian skeletal muscle [4]. Due to the structural and phenomenological similarities of the TDT muscle to skeletal muscle, in addition to the potential use of genetic mutations in fly models, it is extremely advantageous to investigate the presence of history dependent phenomenon in the TDT. If such phenomena are present, further investigation utilizing different myosin and actin isoforms to study the underlying mechanism(s) could produce new insight into this history-dependent phenomenon, otherwise impossible to elucidate using current experimental models. Thus, it is the goal of this study to determine the presence and degree of FD in the TDT muscle of wild type Drosophila.
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Huayamave, Victor, Christopher Rose, Mohammed Zwawi, Eduardo Divo, Faissal Moslehy, Alain Kassab, and Charles Price. "Mechanics of Hip Dysplasia Reduction in Infants With the Pavlik Harness Using Patient-Specific Geometry." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36603.

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A physics-based computational model of neonatal Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) following treatment with the Pavlik Harness was developed to obtain muscle force contribution in order to elucidate biomechanical factors influencing the reduction of dislocated hips. Clinical observation indicates that reduction occurs in deep sleep and involves passive muscle action. Consequently, a set of five (5) adductor muscles, namely, the Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Pectineus, and Gracilis were identified as mediators of reduction using the Pavlik Harness. A Fung-type model was used to characterize the hyperelastic stress-strain muscle response. Four grades (1–4) of dislocation as specified by the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) were considered. A three-dimensional model of the pelvis-femur-lower limb assembly of a representative 10 week-old female was generated based on CT scans of a 6-month and 14-year old female as well as the visible human project with the aid of anthropomorphic scaling of anatomical landmarks. The muscle model was calibrated to achieve equilibrium at 90° flexion and 80° abduction. The hip was computationally dislocated according to the grade under investigation, the femur was restrained to move in an envelope consistent with Pavlik Harness restraints, and the dynamic response under passive muscle action and under the effect of gravity was resolved using the ADAMS solver in Solidworks. Results of the current model with an anteversion angle of 50° show successful reduction IHDI Grades 1–3, while IHDI Grade 4 failed to reduce with the Pavlik Harness. These results are consistent with a previous study based on a simplified anatomically-consistent synthetic model and clinical reports of very low success of the Pavlik Harness for Grade 4. However, our model indicates that it is possible to achieve reduction of Grade 4 dislocation by hyperflexion. This finding is consistent with clinical procedures that utilize hyperflexion to help achieve reduction for patients with severe levels of DDH for whom the Pavlik Harness fails.
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Santacruz, Pep, and Francesc Serratosa. "Incorporating a graph-matching algorithm into a muscle mechanics model." In 2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412767.

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Reports on the topic "Muscle mechanics"

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Buck, Edmond. Mechanism of Calcium Release from Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1306.

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Kanner, Joseph, and Herbert Hultin. Mechanisms and Prevention of Lipid Oxidation in Muscle Foods. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1986.7593409.bard.

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Marbot, Pierre-Henry, and Blake Hannaford. The Mechanical Spindle. A Replica of the Mammalian Muscle Spindle,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300380.

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Goerke, Ute. Proteolytic modification of the Ca²-release mechanism of sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6101.

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Owen, Laura. Calcium and Redox Control of the Calcium Release Mechanism of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.430.

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Li, Ying, Jixin Zhou, Yajun Fu, and Dongying Li. Effect of inspiratory muscle training on ICU patients with mechanical ventilation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0034.

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Yahav, Shlomo, John McMurtry, and Isaac Plavnik. Thermotolerance Acquisition in Broiler Chickens by Temperature Conditioning Early in Life. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580676.bard.

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The research on thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life was focused on the following objectives: a. To determine the optimal timing and temperature for inducing the thermotolerance, conditioning processes and to define its duration during the first week of life in the broiler chick. b. To investigate the response of skeletal muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract to thermal conditioning. This objective was added during the research, to understand the mechanisms related to compensatory growth. c. To evaluate the effect of early thermo conditioning on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during 3 phases: (1) conditioning, (2) compensatory growth, (3) heat challenge. d. To investigate how induction of improved thermotolerance impacts on metabolic fuel and the hormones regulating growth and metabolism. Recent decades have seen significant development in the genetic selection of the meat-type fowl (i.e., broiler chickens); leading to rapid growth and increased feed efficiency, providing the poultry industry with heavy chickens in relatively short growth periods. Such development necessitates parallel increases in the size of visceral systems such as the cardiovascular and the respiratory ones. However, inferior development of such major systems has led to a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under extreme conditions. Thus, acute exposure of chickens to extreme conditions (i.e., heat spells) has resulted in major economic losses. Birds are homeotherms, and as such, they are able to maintain their body temperature within a narrow range. To sustain thermal tolerance and avoid the deleterious consequences of thermal stresses, a direct response is elicited: the rapid thermal shock response - thermal conditioning. This technique of temperature conditioning takes advantage of the immaturity of the temperature regulation mechanism in young chicks during their first week of life. Development of this mechanism involves sympathetic neural activity, integration of thermal infom1ation in the hypothalamus, and buildup of the body-to-brain temperature difference, so that the potential for thermotolerance can be incorporated into the developing thermoregulation mechanisms. Thermal conditioning is a unique management tool, which most likely involves hypothalamic them1oregulatory threshold changes that enable chickens, within certain limits, to cope with acute exposure to unexpected hot spells. Short-tem1 exposure to heat stress during the first week of life (37.5+1°C; 70-80% rh; for 24 h at 3 days of age) resulted in growth retardation followed immediately by compensatory growth" which resulted in complete compensation for the loss of weight gain, so that the conditioned chickens achieved higher body weight than that of the controls at 42 days of age. The compensatory growth was partially explained by its dramatic positive effect on the proliferation of muscle satellite cells which are necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. By its significant effect of the morphology and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during and after using thermal conditioning. The significant effect of thermal conditioning on the chicken thermoregulation was found to be associated with a reduction in heat production and evaporative heat loss, and with an increase in sensible heat loss. It was further accompanied by changes in hormones regulating growth and metabolism These physiological responses may result from possible alterations in PO/AH gene expression patterns (14-3-3e), suggesting a more efficient mechanism to cope with heat stress. Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind thermal conditioning step us forward to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PO/AH response, and response of other major organs. The thermal conditioning technique is used now in many countries including Israel, South Korea, Australia, France" Ecuador, China and some places in the USA. The improvement in growth perfom1ance (50-190 g/chicken) and thermotolerance as a result of postnatal thermal conditioning, may initiate a dramatic improvement in the economy of broiler's production.
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Rosenberg, Michael L. Can Degradation of Performance by Fatigue be Predicted by Mechanical Tasks Involving Pupil, Somatic, and Extra-Ocular Muscle Function. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440264.

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Zhu, Qiaochu, Jin Zhou, Hai Huang, Jie Han, Biwei Cao, Dandan Xu, Yan Zhao, and Gang Chen. Risk factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0118.

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Review question / Objective: To identify and list the risk factors associated with the onset and progression of ALS. Condition being studied: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the upper and lower motor neurons in the spinal bulb, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord. The clinical processing symptoms accompany muscle atrophy, fasciculation, and fatigue of limbs, which can lead to general paralysis and death from respiratory failure within 3-5 years after the onset of this disease. Though the pathogenesis of ALS is still unclear, exploring the associations between risk factors and ALS can provide reliable evidence to find the pathogenesis in the future. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize all related risk factors on ALS, comprehensively understand this disease, and provide clues to mechanism research and clinicians.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.

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: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.
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