Journal articles on the topic 'Muscle Information'
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1
Shirai, Yuya, Tadashi Ito, Yuji Ito, Naomichi Matsunaga, Koji Noritake, Nobuhiko Ochi, and Hideshi Sugiura. "Evaluation of Muscle Oxygen Dynamics in Children’s Gait and Its Relationship with the Physiological Cost Index." Healthcare 11, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020221.
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The response of muscle oxygen saturation, which is an index for the energy metabolism of muscles during walking in children, and its relationship to the physiological cost index, which indicates walking efficiency, are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate muscle oxygen saturation in lower extremity muscles during walking in children, its changes with age, and the relationship between the physiological cost index. The oxygen saturation was measured by the amount of change during a two-minute walk, and the physiological cost index was calculated from the change in heart rate before and after exercise and walking speed. Results were compared for each muscle, and the correlation between the two was examined. Changes in muscle oxygen saturation were greater in the lower leg muscles, significantly greater in the tibialis anterior at six to seven years, and in the gastrocnemius medial head at eight to ten years. The physiological cost index was significantly correlated with changes in muscle oxygen saturation in the tibialis anterior (r = 0.44, p < 0.001). The lower leg muscles were metabolically active in children’s gait, and their response varied with age. Moreover, the muscle oxygenation dynamics of the tibialis anterior may influence walking efficiency.
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Kamal, Shahul Mujib, Norazryana Binti Mat Dawi, Sue Sim, Rui Tee, Visvamba Nathan, Erfan Aghasian, and Hamidreza Namazi. "Information-based analysis of the relation between human muscle reaction and walking path." Technology and Health Care 28, no. 6 (November 17, 2020): 675–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-192034.
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BACKGROUND: Walking is one of the important actions of the human body. For this purpose, the human brain communicates with leg muscles through the nervous system. Based on the walking path, leg muscles act differently. Therefore, there should be a relation between the activity of leg muscles and the path of movement. OBJECTIVE: In order to address this issue, we analyzed how leg muscle activity is related to the variations of the path of movement. METHOD: Since the electromyography (EMG) signal is a feature of muscle activity and the movement path has complex structures, we used entropy analysis in order to link their structures. The Shannon entropy of EMG signal and walking path are computed to relate their information content. RESULTS: Based on the obtained results, walking on a path with greater information content causes greater information content in the EMG signal which is supported by statistical analysis results. This allowed us to analyze the relation between muscle activity and walking path. CONCLUSION: The method of analysis employed in this research can be applied to investigate the relation between brain or heart reactions and walking path.
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Emonet-Denand, F., CC Hunt, and Y. Laporte. "How Muscle Spindels Signal Changes of Muscle Length." Physiology 3, no. 3 (June 1, 1988): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.1988.3.3.105.
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Information on muscle length is essential for the regulation of posture and movements. This informationis provided to the central nervous system by the sensory endings of the muscle spindles. The primary endings possess a dynamic sensitivity that is much greater jkfor small than for large amplitude changes. This sensitivity is due to the properties of certain intrafusal muscles fibres, the nuclear bag fibres, and their sensory terminals.
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Piovanelli, Enrico, Davide Piovesan, Shouhei Shirafuji, Becky Su, Natsue Yoshimura, Yousuke Ogata, and Jun Ota. "Towards a Simplified Estimation of Muscle Activation Pattern from MRI and EMG Using Electrical Network and Graph Theory." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030724.
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Muscle functional MRI (mfMRI) is an imaging technique that assess muscles’ activity, exploiting a shift in the T2-relaxation time between resting and active state on muscles. It is accompanied by the use of electromyography (EMG) to have a better understanding of the muscle electrophysiology; however, a technique merging MRI and EMG information has not been defined yet. In this paper, we present an anatomical and quantitative evaluation of a method our group recently introduced to quantify its validity in terms of muscle pattern estimation for four subjects during four isometric tasks. Muscle activation pattern are estimated using a resistive network to model the morphology in the MRI. An inverse problem is solved from sEMG data to assess muscle activation. The results have been validated with a comparison with physiological information and with the fitting on the electrodes space. On average, over 90% of the input sEMG information was able to be explained with the estimated muscle patterns. There is a match with anatomical information, even if a strong subjectivity is observed among subjects. With this paper we want to proof the method’s validity showing its potential in diagnostic and rehabilitation fields.
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Park, Young-Eun, Jin-Hong Shin, and Dae-Seong Kim. "Diagnostic Approaches to Various Muscle Diseases Based on Muscle Pathology." Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 39, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2021.4.3.
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Muscle pathology can give much information to reach the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. Major pathological changes occurred in skeletal muscles include muscle fiber atrophy/hypertrophy, necrosis/regeneration, inflammation, myofibrillar disorganization, abnormal inclusions, and disruptions in cellular organelles. Physicians should be able to understand what each of these findings indicates. However, these are not always specific to a certain disease, and instead most of them are commonly found in many of muscle diseases. Thus, muscle pathological findings should be carefully interpreted under the given clinical settings.
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Sekine, Chie, Kazusa Saisu, Ryo Hirabayashi, Hirotake Yokota, Haruna Hayashi, Tomoya Takabayashi, and Mutsuaki Edama. "Immediate Effects of Stabilization Exercises on Trunk Muscle Activity during Jump Header Shooting: A Pilot Study." Healthcare 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2022): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071272.
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This study aimed to clarify trunk muscle activity during jump header shooting and examine the immediate effects of trunk stabilization exercises on trunk muscle activity. Nineteen males who had played soccer for over 5 years were assigned to either the trunk stabilization exercise group or the control group. Muscle activity during jump header shooting was measured before and after intervention. The intervention in the trunk stabilization exercise group was trunk muscle training, whereas that in the control group was sitting. The phases of jump header shooting and the effects of the interventions were compared. In pre-intervention measurements, the internal oblique activity during the push-off phase and early floating phase was significantly greater than that during the late floating phase (p < 0.01667). In pre-intervention measurements, the muscle activity of the internal oblique increased from the push-off phase, prior to the increase in muscle activity of the rectus abdominis and external oblique, whereas the muscle activity of all abdominal muscles increased immediately after take-off. The trunk stabilization exercise intervention decreased the muscle activity of the erector spinae (p < 0.05). There seems to be a certain activation sequence in the abdominals during jump header shooting, and a single application of stabilization exercises could possibly reduce the activation of the back muscles.
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Do, Yerim, Prarthana Sanya Lall, and Haneul Lee. "Assessing the Effects of Aging on Muscle Stiffness Using Shear Wave Elastography and Myotonometer." Healthcare 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121733.
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The current study investigated the differences in muscle stiffness between older and young adults at rest and during contraction. We also evaluated the differences in muscle stiffness assessments using a myotonometer (MyotonPRO) and shear wave elastography (SWE). Twenty-two older adults (mean age, 66.6 ± 1.6 years) and 23 young adults (mean age, 66.6 ± 1.6 years) participated in this study. Muscle stiffness of the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles at rest and during contraction were measured using SWE and the MyotonPRO. The stiffness increase rate (SIR) was also calculated to determine the absolute stiffness difference. The mean muscle stiffness of the TA and MG muscles was significantly lower in older adults than in young adults at rest and during contraction (p < 0.05). Similarly, the SIR values of the TA and MG were significantly lower in older adults than in young adults (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that both instruments could be used to quantify muscle stiffness changes and serve as a cornerstone for assessing aging-related losses in muscle function. Stiffness measures may help exercise professionals to develop an in-depth understanding of muscle impairment at the tissue level.
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Seo, Heeae, Jeongseon Kim, Changseon Yu, and Hyoungwon Lim. "Intra-Rater and Inter-Rater Reliability Analysis of Muscle-Tone Evaluation Using a Myotonometer for Children with Developmental Disabilities." Healthcare 11, no. 6 (March 7, 2023): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060782.
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Assessing muscle tone is an essential component of the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning of developmental disabilities (DD) in children and is of great help in developing clinical diagnosis patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability using the myotonometer, which is an assessment tool to measure muscle tone in children with DD. This study included 26 children diagnosed with DD. Two physical therapists measured the children’s muscle tone using a myotonometer. For all the muscles measured, reliability was determined using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard measurement error (SEM), and the minimal detectable change (MDC). The intra-rater reliability for all muscles was excellent (ICC = 0.75~0.78), except for the biceps brachii (ICC = 0.68). The inter-rater reliability was also excellent for all muscles (ICC = 0.75~0.95), and the SEM and MDC showed small measurement errors. Therefore, the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of measurements by the myotonometer was found to be good or excellent. This suggests that the myotonometer is a tool that can objectively assess muscle tone, and it can be utilized in clinical practice to quickly and conveniently measure muscle tone in children with DD.
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Tamura, Akihiro, and Masami Saito. "Muscle Activity Characteristics of the Pronator Teres during Throwing in Baseball Pitchers: A Pilot Study." Healthcare 11, no. 4 (February 19, 2023): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040618.
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The pronator teres muscle is a major dynamic stabilizer of elbow valgus stress during throwing. This study aims to investigate pronator teres muscle activation during breaking ball pitching in baseball pitchers. Twelve male college baseball players with more than eight years of baseball experience were included in this study. A wireless surface electromyography (EMG) system was used to measure the activation of the forearm muscles and record EMG data during fastball and curveball pitching. Peak pronator teres muscle activation during curveball pitching was greater than that during fastball pitching (p = 0.03). There was no difference in the muscle activation of the other forearm muscles (p > 0.05). These results indicate that increased muscle activity in the pronator teres may contribute to stiffness and induce pronator teres syndrome or medial elbow injuries related to the overuse of the pronator teres, especially during curveball pitching. Controlling curveball throws contributes to player coaching and conditioning for the prevention of elbow joint disorders and pronator teres syndrome.
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Horowitz, R. A., C. M. Powers, P. Valero, and R. Craig. "The Three Dimensional Organization of Smooth Muscle: Information from Serial Section Reconstructions." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600022315.
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Smooth muscle is a machine consisting of working and supporting elements whose structure and 3D organization must be elucidated for the mechanics of shortening and tension generation to be understood. Based on longitudinal and serial transverse sections of rabbit portal vein it was suggested that the contractile elements of smooth muscle formed “mini-sarcomeres”, analogous to skeletal muscle, containing parallel arrays of 3-5 myosin filaments 1.6-2.2 um long. Observations at the light microscopic level were consistent with this idea. The past decade has seen little further investigation into the in situ ultrastructure of this or other smooth muscles, and the general applicability of these findings remains unknown. We have taken advantage of recent methodological advances, which can provide full 3D computer representations of cellular organization based on EM data, using guinea pig taenia coli muscle as a model system.Serial transverse sections (Fig 1) were used to generate 3D reconstructions of the organization of the myosin filaments and their relation to dense bodies, actin bundles, mitochondria and other organelles.
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Durkee, Patrick K., Pablo Polo, José Antonio Muñoz-Reyes, Claudia Rodríguez-Ruiz, María Losada-Pérez, Ana B. Fernández-Martínez, Enrique Turiégano, David M. Buss, and Miguel Pita. "Men’s Bodily Attractiveness: Muscles as Fitness Indicators." Evolutionary Psychology 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 147470491985291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704919852918.
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Bodily attractiveness is an important component of mate value. Musculature—a crucial component of men’s bodily attractiveness—provides women with probabilistic information regarding a potential mate’s quality. Overall musculature is comprised of several muscle groups, each of which varies in information value; different muscles should be weighted differently by attractiveness-assessment adaptations as a result. In the current study, women and men ( N = 1,742) reported size preferences for 14 major muscle groups. Women’s reported preferences provided only partial support for our hypotheses that women will prefer muscles that most reliably differentiate between potential mates to be larger; men tended to prefer larger upper-body muscles. We discuss possible interpretations of these mixed findings. Ultimately, our findings suggest that attractiveness-assessment adaptations are sensitive to the information contained within specific muscle groups and they highlight the potential for additional research on the nuances of bodily attractiveness assessment.
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Ó’ Reilly, David, and Ioannis Delis. "A network information theoretic framework to characterise muscle synergies in space and time." Journal of Neural Engineering 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 016031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac5150.
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Abstract Objective. Current approaches to muscle synergy extraction rely on linear dimensionality reduction algorithms that make specific assumptions on the underlying signals. However, to capture nonlinear time varying, large-scale but also muscle-specific interactions, a more generalised approach is required. Approach. Here we developed a novel framework for muscle synergy extraction that relaxes model assumptions by using a combination of information and network theory and dimensionality reduction. We first quantify informational dynamics between muscles, time-samples or muscle-time pairings using a novel mutual information formulation. We then model these pairwise interactions as multiplex networks and identify modules representing the network architecture. We employ this modularity criterion as the input parameter for dimensionality reduction, which verifiably extracts the identified modules, and also to characterise salient structures within each module. Main results. This novel framework captures spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal interactions across two benchmark datasets of reaching movements, producing distinct spatial groupings and both tonic and phasic temporal patterns. Readily interpretable muscle synergies spanning multiple spatial and temporal scales were identified, demonstrating significant task dependence, ability to capture trial-to-trial fluctuations and concordance across participants. Furthermore, our framework identifies submodular structures that represent the distributed networks of co-occurring signal interactions across scales. Significance. The capabilities of this framework are illustrated through the concomitant continuity with previous research and novelty of the insights gained. Several previous limitations are circumvented including the extraction of functionally meaningful and multiplexed pairwise muscle couplings under relaxed model assumptions. The extracted synergies provide a holistic view of the movement while important details of task performance are readily interpretable. The identified muscle groupings transcend biomechanical constraints and the temporal patterns reveal characteristics of fundamental motor control mechanisms. We conclude that this framework opens new opportunities for muscle synergy research and can constitute a bridge between existing models and recent network-theoretic endeavours.
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OKITA, YUSUKE, NORIATSU TATEMATSU, KOUTATSU NAGAI, RUI TSUKAGOSHI, HIROSHIGE TATEUCHI, TAKEHARU NAKAMATA, TAKESHI OKAMOTO, et al. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF MUSCLE REMOVAL ON ESTIMATED MUSCLE FORCES DURING WALKING IN PATIENTS AFTER RESECTION OF SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA IN THE THIGH." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 20, no. 01 (February 2020): 1950077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519419500775.
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Patients with lower extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) need to recover their walking ability while coping with lower-limb muscle loss due to tumor removal. However, the lack of information on walking after tumor removal hinders the development of gait rehabilitation strategies for such patients. The present study explored how patients walked after STS resection from the viewpoint of muscle forces. The effect of muscle removal and muscle strength asymmetry on estimated muscle forces was also investigated by iterating gait simulations for each patient using three different musculoskeletal models. These models differed based on whether or not the resected muscles were reflected in the model and whether or not residual muscle strength was scaled according to muscle strength measurements. Muscle forces during walking were estimated in six patients after thigh STS removal. Our results suggested that patients could walk using not only residual muscles that function similar to the resected muscles but also those that function differently (e.g., ankle plantarflexors). Gait simulations of patients with considerable muscle loss and those without a rectus femoris muscle were relatively sensitive to muscle removal.
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Eckhorn, R., and H. Querfurth. "Information transmission by isolated frog muscle spindle." Biological Cybernetics 52, no. 3 (July 1985): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00339945.
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Ko, Min-Joo, Min-Suk Koo, Eun-Joo Jung, Won-Jeong Jeong, and Jae-Seop Oh. "Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Using Pressure Biofeedback on Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction and Trunk Muscle Activity in Sitting in Healthy Women." Healthcare 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10030570.
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Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has been recommended as the first choice as one of the effective methods for preventing and improving urinary incontinence (UI). We aimed to determine whether pressure biofeedback unit training (PBUT) improves short term and retention performance of pelvic floor muscle contraction. The muscle activities of the external oblique (EO), transversus/internal oblique (TrA/IO), multifidus (MF) and the bladder base displacement were measured in the verbal feedback group (n = 10) and PBU group (n = 10) three times (baseline, post-training, and at the 1-week follow-up). Surface electromyographic activity was recorded from the EO, TrA/IO, and MF muscles. The bladder base displacement was measured using ultrasound. The results were analyzed using two way mixed ANOVA. The bladder base displacement may have elevated more in the PBU group than in the verbal feedback group due to decreased TrA/IO activity. These findings indicate that PBUT is a better method than verbal feedback training.
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Wray, S. "Smooth muscle intracellular pH: measurement, regulation, and function." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 254, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): C213—C225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1988.254.2.c213.
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Smooth muscle performs many functions that are essential for the normal working of the human body. Changes in pH are thought to affect many aspects of smooth muscle. Despite this, until recently little was known about either intracellular pH (pHi) values or pHi regulation in smooth muscle. Recent work measuring pHi with either microelectrodes or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is now providing some of this much needed information for smooth muscles. From these studies, it can be concluded tentatively that pHi is the same in different smooth muscles, approximately 7.06 (37 degrees C). This value is very close to those obtained in cardiac and skeletal muscle. It is clear that H+ is not in equilibrium across the smooth muscle membrane; i.e., pHi is regulated. Preliminary results in smooth muscle suggest that certain aspects of this regulation are different from that described for other muscle types. Changes in pHi have been found to produce marked effects on contraction in smooth muscle. Of particular interest is the fact that, unlike striated muscles, some smooth muscles can product more force during an intracellular acidification.
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Vagin, Malysheva, and Samofalova. "FEATURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRICHINELLA LARVAE IN THE MUSCLES OF SPONTANEOUSLY INFECTED RED FOXES (VULPES VULPES)." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 23 (April 18, 2022): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-9-9.2022.23.107-111.
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The issues related to the distribution of trichinella larvae in various groups of skeletal muscles of animals are quite relevant, as they are of great importance for the diagnosis of trichinosis. There is a lot of contradictory information in scientific papers about the distribution of trichinella larvae in the muscles of spontaneously infected predatory mammals. The purpose of our research was to study the distribution of trichinella larvae in various skeletal muscle groups in spontaneously infected red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Detection of trichinella larvae was carried out by compressor trichinelloscopy and by the method of digesting muscle tissue in artificial gastric juice. Capsule-forming trichinella (Trichinella spp.) were found in animal muscles. The most intensively affected were the large masticatory muscle (68.1±30.7 larvae in 1 g of muscle tissue), diaphragm (65.3±25.6), intercostal muscles (63.7±23.1) and tongue root muscles (58.9±25.2). A lower intensity of invasion was noted in the splenius (36.6±14.4). In the triceps muscle of the shoulder (2.1±2.2) and the calf muscle (2.9±2.5), a very low intensity of invasion was recorded. Trichinella larvae were not found in the latissimus dorsi muscle, trapezius muscle, biceps femoris muscle, superficial gluteus muscle and middle gluteal muscle. Thus, in the spontaneously infected red foxes studied by us, the highest invasion intensity was noted in the muscles of the trunk and head.
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Lee, Keunhyo, and Seungchul Chon. "Assessments of Muscle Thickness and Tonicity of the Masseter and Sternocleidomastoid Muscles and Maximum Mouth Opening in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder." Healthcare 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9121640.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle thickness and tone of the masseter and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles and maximum mouth opening (MMO) in subjects with and without temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and perform a correlation comparison on the results of the TMD group. Sixty patients were allocated to the TMD group (n = 30) or the non-TMD group (n = 30). Ultrasound imaging, myotonometer, and vernier calipers were used to determine the related changes in muscle thickness and muscle tone in masseter and SCM, and MMO, respectively. The TMD group revealed a significant decrease than the non-TMD group in the muscle thickness of masseter and SCM, respectively (p < 0.001), with a significant increase in frequency (p < 0.001) and stiffness (p < 0.001) in the masseter muscle tone, with a significant increase in frequency (p < 0.001) and stiffness (p = 0.005) in the SCM muscle tone, a significant decrease in the MMO (p < 0.001). There was a moderate negative correlation between the relaxed state of masseter muscle thickness and stiffness of SCM muscle tone (r = −0.40, p = 0.002), and a moderate negative correlation between the relaxed state of SCM muscle thickness and frequency of SCM muscle tone (r = −0.42, p = 0.001). There was a moderate negative correlation between the clenching state of SCM muscle thickness and the frequency of SCM muscle tone (r = −0.47, p < 0.001). In addition, a moderate negative correlation between MMO and frequency of SCM muscle tone (r = −0.44, p < 0.001). The muscle thickness was decreased, and the muscle tone was increased in the masseter and SCM muscle, respectively. Additionally, MMO was decreased in patients with TMD compared with non-TMD.
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Challiss, R. A., M. J. Blackledge, and G. K. Radda. "Spatial heterogeneity of metabolism in skeletal muscle in vivo studied by 31P-NMR spectroscopy." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 254, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): C417—C422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1988.254.3.c417.
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Phase-modulated rotating-frame imaging, a localization technique for phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, has been applied to obtain information on heterogeneity of phosphorus-containing metabolites in skeletal muscle of the rat in vivo. The distal muscles of the rat hindlimb have been studied at rest and during steady-state isometric twitch contraction; the use of a transmitter surface coil and an electrically isolated, orthogonal receiver Helmholtz coil ensure accurate spatial assignment (1 mm resolution). At rest, intracellular pH was higher and PCr/(PCr + Pi) was lower in deeper muscles compared with superficial muscle of the distal hindlimb. Upon steady-state stimulation, the relatively more alkaline pH of deep muscle was maintained, whereas greater changes in PCr/(PCr + Pi) and Pi/ATP occurred in the superficial muscle layer. This method allows rapid (75 min for each spectral image) acquisition of quantitative information on metabolic heterogeneity in vivo.
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Safie, Sairul Izwan, and Rosuhana Rahim. "Quality assessment on muscle locations for speech representation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp957-967.
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<span lang="EN-US">There are more than 68 muscles, which are activated either simultaneously or sequentially during speech production. To monitor the signals from all these muscles at once, involve a lot of sensors and such system is very expensive. In the Quran therapeutic treatment applications, the use of specific muscles is very important, for the production of correct Arabic pronunciation. The proper pronunciation will improve the reader's understanding of what is being read, thus assisting the effectiveness of the therapy process. The objective of this study is to identify the most optimal muscle location, which is suitable for monitoring the quality of a recitation during the Quran’s therapeutic process, based on the information content embedded in their Electromyogram (EMG) signals. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique was used in this study to extract features of the EMG while the combination of Hilbert Huang Spectral Entropy (HHSE) and Kullback Leibler Divergence (KLD) techniques were used to quantify the information content in each feature. Combination of these techniques managed to rank ten widely used speech muscles in the literature based upon their information content. Four muscle locations have been suggested, which is believed to be sufficient in developing a low-cost self-assessment system for monitoring Quran recitation.</span>
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Kim, Sun Hyun, Ho Jeong Shin, Myung-Jun Shin, and Myung Hun Jang. "Feasibility of Muscle Endurance Testing in Critically Ill Trauma Patients: A Pilot Study." Healthcare 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010053.
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Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) occurs secondary to patients treated for life-threatening conditions in the ICU being diagnosed based on the Medical Research Council sum score (MRC-SS). However, patients often complain of fatigability and poor endurance, which are not evaluated by muscle strength. In this study, we explored the feasibility of assessing muscle quality and endurance in trauma ICU patients. The modified Functional Index-2 (FI2) testing was applied to evaluate muscle endurance. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured when evaluating the MRC-SS using surface electromyography (sEMG), and the fatigue index (FI) was also recorded at the time of endurance testing. The ultrasonic muscle echogenicity by gray-scale analysis of rectus femoris (RF) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was evaluated at the initial (<72 h) and end of ICU care. A total of 14 patients were enrolled in this study. Fatigue was induced in eight patients (fatigue group), and six (non-fatigue group) completed endurance testing. All patients except one had an MRC-SS exceeding 48 points. There was no difference in US echogenicity, MRC-SS, and FI between groups. In sEMG, the root mean square (RMS) values of MVC in RF and TA muscles showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). To evaluate and predict the functional activity of ICU patients, measuring muscle strength alone is insufficient, and it is necessary to evaluate muscle endurance. In this respect, the modified FI2 test and sEMG monitoring are considered to be promising procedures for evaluating the muscle condition of critically ill patients even in complex situations in the ICU.
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Hochreiter, Jakob, Eric Hoche, Luisa Janik, Gerd Fabian Volk, Lutz Leistritz, Christoph Anders, and Orlando Guntinas-Lichius. "Machine-Learning-Based Detecting of Eyelid Closure and Smiling Using Surface Electromyography of Auricular Muscles in Patients with Postparalytic Facial Synkinesis: A Feasibility Study." Diagnostics 13, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030554.
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Surface electromyography (EMG) allows reliable detection of muscle activity in all nine intrinsic and extrinsic ear muscles during facial muscle movements. The ear muscles are affected by synkinetic EMG activity in patients with postparalytic facial synkinesis (PFS). The aim of the present work was to establish a machine-learning-based algorithm to detect eyelid closure and smiling in patients with PFS by recording sEMG using surface electromyography of the auricular muscles. Sixteen patients (10 female, 6 male) with PFS were included. EMG acquisition of the anterior auricular muscle, superior auricular muscle, posterior auricular muscle, tragicus muscle, orbicularis oculi muscle, and orbicularis oris muscle was performed on both sides of the face during standardized eye closure and smiling tasks. Machine-learning EMG classification with a support vector machine allowed for the reliable detection of eye closure or smiling from the ear muscle recordings with clear distinction to other mimic expressions. These results show that the EMG of the auricular muscles in patients with PFS may contain enough information to detect facial expressions to trigger a future implant in a closed-loop system for electrostimulation to improve insufficient eye closure and smiling in patients with PFS.
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Leplow, Bernd, Volkert Schlüter, and Roman Ferstl. "A New Procedure for Assessment of Proprioception." Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no. 1 (February 1992): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.1.91.
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A new method for the assessment of proprioception was developed and tested with 40 healthy subjects on two facial muscles (i.e., masseter and zygomatic muscles). The experiment was repeated after 3 1/2 months. In our study, proprioception was studied with respect to sensations arising from the muscle spindles and tendon organs. Therefore, myesthesia was investigated, which was assessed by the correspondence between a voluntary muscle contraction and its immediate replication. Good perception was defined by a small integral of differences, standardized by duration and intensity of the contraction, and its replication. Results show that this measure is independent of the characteristics of muscle activation. In concordance with our hypothesis, myesthesia was superior in a muscle richly supplied with muscle spindles and afferent fibers (i.e., masseter muscle), to that for a muscle less prepared for afferent information processing (i.e., zygomatus major).
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Bergmeister, Konstantin D., Martin Aman, Silvia Muceli, Ivan Vujaklija, Krisztina Manzano-Szalai, Ewald Unger, Ruth A. Byrne, et al. "Peripheral nerve transfers change target muscle structure and function." Science Advances 5, no. 1 (January 2019): eaau2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau2956.
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Selective nerve transfers surgically rewire motor neurons and are used in extremity reconstruction to restore muscle function or to facilitate intuitive prosthetic control. We investigated the neurophysiological effects of rewiring motor axons originating from spinal motor neuron pools into target muscles with lower innervation ratio in a rat model. Following reinnervation, the target muscle’s force regenerated almost completely, with the motor unit population increasing to 116% in functional and 172% in histological assessments with subsequently smaller muscle units. Muscle fiber type populations transformed into the donor nerve’s original muscles. We thus demonstrate that axons of alternative spinal origin can hyper-reinnervate target muscles without loss of muscle force regeneration, but with a donor-specific shift in muscle fiber type. These results explain the excellent clinical outcomes following nerve transfers in neuromuscular reconstruction. They indicate that reinnervated muscles can provide an accurate bioscreen to display neural information of lost body parts for high-fidelity prosthetic control.
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Rajesh, V., and P. Rajesh Kumar. "SEMG for Human Computer Interface Using Ann to Navigate Wheel Chair." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 5, no. 2 (April 2010): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhisi.2010040102.
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This paper presents an approach to identify hand gestures with muscle activity separated from electromyogram (EMG) using Back Propagation analysis with the goal of using hand gestures for human-computer interaction. While there are a number of previous reported works where EMG has been used to identify movement, the limitation of these works is that the systems are suitable for gross actions and when there is one prime-mover muscle involved. This paper reports overcoming the difficulty by using independent component analysis to separate muscle activity from different muscles and classified using back propagation neural networks. The experimental results show that the system was accurately able to identify the hand gesture using this technique (95%). The advantage of this system is that it is easy to train one to use it and can easily be implemented in real time.
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Zu, Yihe, Adrienne L. Perlman, Bradley P. Sutton, Janet Marie Sinn-Hanlon, and Zhenyu Yang. "A Dynamic 3D Model of Hyoid Muscle Groups." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.489.
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Problem A 3D dynamic model of supra and infrahyoid muscle groups was developed to provide information relative to the extent of muscle contraction. This model can provide valuable information relative to the physiology and pathophysiology of speech production, swallowing, and effects of surgical reconstruction. The rotation of the 3D model permits the viewer to appreciate the internal anatomy from several vantage points. Transparency can be used to study underlying anatomy without change the surroundings. In this study, a 3D dynamic model of suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups during swallowing was created based on still 3D and dynamic MRI. This model will be further developed to examine the effects of muscle forces on functional changes after head and neck surgery. Methods 3D MRI of head and neck area were used to reconstruct 3D polygonal meshes of hyoid muscle groups, hyoid bone, mandible, and larynx. Measurement was performed using Amira 4.1. The polygonal meshes were imported in to Alias Maya 8.5. By mapping the dynamic MRI of the swallow, the muscle meshes were reshaped to generate a 3D movie of swallowing. Results Using MR images, an accurate and realistic computer reconstruction of supra and infra hyoid muscles, in situ, was constructed. A 3D movie was created to demonstrate the anatomy, larynx, and hyoid displacement in all directions. Conclusion MRI provides high quality soft tissue information. 3D modeling using MRI provide muscle information in situ. The dynamic movie created the opportunity for researchers and physicians to observe anatomical changes in all coordinate planes. These offer a promising future toward increased understanding of head and neck physiology and pathophysiology. Significance This is the first 3D model to provide dynamic information on the hyoid muscle groups. It will eventually include forces that will animate functional change after surgical reconstruction. Support NIH-NIDCD, Award No. PHS 1 R01 Dc005603-01A2.
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Verschueren, Sabine M. P., Paul J. Cordo, and Stephan P. Swinnen. "Representation of Wrist Joint Kinematics by the Ensemble of Muscle Spindles From Synergistic Muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 2265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.5.2265.
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Verschueren, Sabine M. P., Paul J. Cordo, and Stephan P. Swinnen. Representation of wrist joint kinematics by the ensemble of muscle spindles from synergistic muscles. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2265–2276, 1998. Proprioceptive information about movement is transmitted to the central nervous system by a variety of receptor types, which are widely distributed among the muscles, joints, and skin. Muscle spindles are known to be an important and reliable source of information for the perception of movement kinematics. Previous studies that focused on the characteristics of single muscle spindle firing patterns have left the impression that each receptor fires in relation to a number of kinematic variables, leaving the following question unanswered: what role is played by the ensemble of muscle spindles within the same muscle or within synergistic muscles? The study described in this paper addressed whether the perception of joint position and velocity is based on the net input of muscle spindles residing in all synergistic muscles crossing a joint. Normal human adults performed a motor coordination task that required perception of joint velocity and dynamic position at the wrist. The task was to open the left hand briskly as the right wrist was passively rotated in the flexion direction through a prescribed target angle. In randomly occurring trials, the tendons to three muscles [extensor carpi radialis (ECR), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and extensor digitorum (ED)] were vibrated either individually or in different combinations during the performance of the motor task. Tendon vibration is known to distort muscle spindle firing patterns, and consequently, kinesthesia. By comparing performance errors with and without tendon vibration, the relative influences of muscle spindles residing in ECR, ECU, and ED were quantified. Vibration of the individual ECR, ECU, or ED tendons produced systematic undershoot errors in performance, consistent with the misperception of wrist velocity and dynamic position. Performance errors were larger when combinations of, rather than individual, muscle tendons were vibrated. The error resulting from simultaneous vibration of ECR and ECU was roughly equal to the sum of the errors produced by vibration of the individual tendons. These effects of vibrating synergistic tendons at the wrist suggest that kinesthesia is derived from the integrated input of muscle spindles from all synergistic muscles.
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Buongiorno, Domenico, Giacomo Donato Cascarano, Cristian Camardella, Irio De Feudis, Antonio Frisoli, and Vitoantonio Bevilacqua. "Task-Oriented Muscle Synergy Extraction Using An Autoencoder-Based Neural Model." Information 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11040219.
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The growing interest in wearable robots opens the challenge for developing intuitive and natural control strategies. Among several human–machine interaction approaches, myoelectric control consists of decoding the motor intention from muscular activity (or EMG signals) with the aim of driving prosthetic or assistive robotic devices accordingly, thus establishing an intimate human–machine connection. In this scenario, bio-inspired approaches, e.g., synergy-based controllers, are revealed to be the most robust. However, synergy-based myo-controllers already proposed in the literature consider muscle patterns that are computed considering only the total variance reconstruction rate of the EMG signals, without taking into account the performance of the controller in the task (or application) space. In this work, extending a previous study, the authors presented an autoencoder-based neural model able to extract muscles synergies for motion intention detection while optimizing the task performance in terms of force/moment reconstruction. The proposed neural topology has been validated with EMG signals acquired from the main upper limb muscles during planar isometric reaching tasks performed in a virtual environment while wearing an exoskeleton. The presented model has been compared with the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm (i.e., the most used approach in the literature) in terms of muscle synergy extraction quality, and with three techniques already presented in the literature in terms of goodness of shoulder and elbow predicted moments. The results of the experimental comparisons have showed that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-art synergy-based joint moment estimators at the expense of the quality of the EMG signals reconstruction. These findings demonstrate that a trade-off, between the capability of the extracted muscle synergies to better describe the EMG signals variability and the task performance in terms of force reconstruction, can be achieved. The results of this study might open new horizons on synergies extraction methodologies, optimized synergy-based myo-controllers and, perhaps, reveals useful hints about their origin.
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Pedersen, J., M. Ljubisavljevic, M. Bergenheim, and H. Johansson. "Alterations in information transmission in ensembles of primary muscle spindle afferents after muscle fatigue in heteronymous muscle." Neuroscience 84, no. 3 (February 1998): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00403-x.
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Mulay, Owee R., Suryakant Gadgerao, Ashok Shyam, and Parag Sancheti. "Correlation of scapulo-thoracic muscle strength, neck pain and the functional status of information technology professionals." International Journal of Scientific Reports 4, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20183182.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The cross-sectional study was to correlate scapulo-thoracic muscle strength, neck pain and the functional status of Information Technology (IT) professionals. IT professionals have long working hours in a seated position which can lead to neck pain and decrease in the scapulo-thoracic muscle strength. This could hinder the person’s capability to perform daily functional activities.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted in an IT- company from November 2017- December 2017. FET was used to assess the scapulo-thoracic muscle strength. Neck pain and functional status of the IT professional was evaluated by the two scales–Neck Disability Index and Orebro Pain Rating Questionnaire respectively. For the statistical analysis–Spearman’s correlation and SPSS software was used. All subjects, male and female, with neck pain and having worked for more than 2 years were included. Subjects with diagnosed orthopaedic condition and having a history of trauma were excluded. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> For the IT professionals, a moderate correlation was established between the neck pain and strength of serratus anterior muscle R(r=0.32) L(r=0.4) and rhomboid muscles R(r=0.37) L(r=0.4). Further, it was seen that the functional status was not hampered due to neck pain and scapulo-thoracic muscle strength.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study shows that there is a moderate correlation between the neck pain and scapula-thoracic muscle strength of IT professionals. In addition, there is a weak correlation between neck pain, scapulo-thoracic muscle strength with respect to the functional status.</p>
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Blavt, Oksana, Zinoviy Mykytyuk, Yaroslav Hnatchuk, Oleh Stechkevych, and Tetiana Helzhynska. "Intensification of Back Muscle Strength Testing in Physical Education of Students by Applying Information and Communication Technologies." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ 22, no. 2 (June 25, 2022): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.2.10.
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The purpose of this study is the experimental substantiation of the implementation of information and communication technologies to test the control of back muscle strength in the process of physical education of students.
Materials and methods. General scientific methods were used to solve the research problems: analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction and systematization, technical modeling, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, and mathematical methods. The study involved 240 students aged 17 to 18 at the beginning of the study.
Results. An electronic device for determining the strength of the muscles of the back was developed and tested, the readings of which allow the user to get clear current information on the panel of a personal computer. The device was built on a combination of modern electronic technologies and software. For the purposes of the experimental substantiation of the developed back muscle strength control device, a correlation analysis was used to empirically investigate the authenticity degree of the tests used to control back muscle strength. According to the results of the reliability of the tests of back muscle strength control tests, the results of which were recorded using a dynamometer, those are between low and medium. The recording of the back muscle strength test results with the developed device ensured the achievement of a high level of test authenticity.
Conclusions. The result of the research study aimed at solving the problematic aspects of test control was to ensure the appropriate degree of authenticity of the tests used to control back muscle strength. The recording of the back muscle strength test results with the developed device ensured the achievement of a high level of test authenticity.
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Da Cuña-Carrera, Iria, Alejandra Alonso-Calvete, Eva M. Lantarón-Caeiro, and Mercedes Soto-González. "Ultrasonographic Changes of Abdominal Muscles in Subjects with and without Chronic Low Back Pain." Healthcare 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010123.
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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent disfunction in the spine, affecting both women and men. The implication of the abdominal muscles in this disfunction has been studied, including wrong breathing patterns or inactivity of this area. However, there is a lack of studies examining changes in thickness of abdominal with ultrasonography. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the differences in the thickness of abdominal muscles at rest and during breathing between subjects with and without CLBP. A total of 72 subjects were divided in two groups: participants with CLBP (n = 36) and participants without CLBP (n = 36). In both groups, the thickness of the four abdominal muscles was measured and compared at rest and during breathing with ultrasonography. In TrA and IO there were no significant differences between groups, but those subjects with CLBP increased the muscle thickness more than participants without pain during breathing. In EO there were no differences in muscle thickness between groups and between rest and breathing. In RA, subjects with CLBP showed less muscle thickness than subjects without pain during breathing, but no changes were found at rest. In conclusion, the deepest abdominal muscles, TrA and IO, appear to increase their thickness and RA appear to decrease more in subjects with CLBP, in comparison with healthy participants.
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Macefield, Vaughan G., and Thomas P. Knellwolf. "Functional properties of human muscle spindles." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 452–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00071.2018.
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Muscle spindles are ubiquitous encapsulated mechanoreceptors found in most mammalian muscles. There are two types of endings, primary and secondary, and both are sensitive to changes in muscle length and velocity, with the primary endings having a greater dynamic sensitivity. Unlike other mechanoreceptors in the somatosensory system, muscle spindles are unique in possessing motor innervation, via γ-motoneurons (fusimotor neurons), that control their sensitivity to stretch. Much of what we know about human muscles spindles comes from studying the behavior of their afferents via intraneural microelectrodes (microneurography) inserted into accessible peripheral nerves. We review the functional properties of human muscle spindles, comparing and contrasting with what we know about the functions of muscle spindles studied in experimental animals. As in the cat, many human muscle spindles possess a background discharge that is related to the degree of muscle stretch, but mean firing rates are much lower (~10 Hz). They can faithfully encode changes in muscle fascicle length in passive conditions, but higher level extraction of information is required by the central nervous system to measure changes in muscle length during muscle contraction. Moreover, although there is some evidence supporting independent control of human muscle spindles via fusimotor neurons, any effects are modest compared with the clearly independent control of fusimotor neurons observed in the cat.
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Simms, James R. "Measurement of the information associated with muscle behavior." Behavioral Science 36, no. 2 (April 1991): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830360207.
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Knellwolf, T. P., A. R. Burton, E. Hammam, and V. G. Macefield. "Firing properties of muscle spindles supplying the intrinsic foot muscles of humans in unloaded and freestanding conditions." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00539.2018.
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We recently developed an approach for recording from muscle spindles in the intrinsic muscles of the foot in freestanding humans by inserting a tungsten microelectrode into the posterior tibial nerve behind the medial malleolus of the ankle. Here we characterize the behavior of muscle spindles in the small muscles of the foot in 1) seated subjects with the leg horizontal and the foot naturally plantarflexed and 2) standing subjects. In the first study, recordings were made from 26 muscle spindle afferents located within flexor digiti minimi brevis ( n = 4), abductor digiti minimi ( n = 3), quadratus plantae ( n = 3), plantar interossei ( n = 4), flexor digitorum brevis ( n = 3), dorsal interossei ( n = 2), and lumbricals ( n = 2), with one each supplying abductor hallucis, adductor hallucis, and flexor hallucis brevis. The identity of another two muscle afferents was unknown. The majority of the units were silent at rest, only seven (27%) being spontaneously active. Because of the anatomic constraints of the foot, some spindles supplying muscles acting on the toes responded to movements of one or more digits. In the second study, 12 muscle spindle afferents were examined during standing. The ongoing discharge of eight spindle afferents covaried with changes in the center of pressure during postural sway. We conclude that the majority of spindle endings in the small muscles of the foot are silent at rest, which may allow them to encode changes in conformation of the foot when it is loaded during standing. Moreover, these muscle spindle afferents can provide useful proprioceptive information during standing and postural sway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have characterized the firing properties of muscle spindles in the intrinsic muscles of the human foot for the first time. The majority of the spindle endings are silent in seated subjects, and most fire tonically during standing, their discharge covarying with center of pressure during postural sway. We conclude that spindle endings in the intrinsic muscles of the foot provide useful proprioceptive information during free standing.
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Vincent, Jacob A., Hanna M. Gabriel, Adam S. Deardorff, Paul Nardelli, Robert E. W. Fyffe, Thomas Burkholder, and Timothy C. Cope. "Muscle proprioceptors in adult rat: mechanosensory signaling and synapse distribution in spinal cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 5 (November 1, 2017): 2687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00497.2017.
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The characteristic signaling and intraspinal projections of muscle proprioceptors best described in the cat are often generalized across mammalian species. However, species-dependent adaptations within this system seem necessary to accommodate asymmetric scaling of length, velocity, and force information required by the physics of movement. In the present study we report mechanosensory responses and intraspinal destinations of three classes of muscle proprioceptors. Proprioceptors from triceps surae muscles in adult female Wistar rats anesthetized with isoflurane were physiologically classified as muscle spindle group Ia or II or as tendon organ group Ib afferents, studied for their firing responses to passive-muscle stretch, and in some cases labeled and imaged for axon projections and varicosities in spinal segments. Afferent projections and the laminar distributions of provisional synapses in rats closely resembled those found in the cat. Afferent signaling of muscle kinematics was also similar to reports in the cat, but rat Ib afferents fired robustly during passive-muscle stretch and Ia afferents displayed an exaggerated dynamic response, even after locomotor scaling was accounted for. These differences in mechanosensory signaling by muscle proprioceptors may represent adaptations for movement control in different animal species. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscle sensory neurons signal information necessary for controlling limb movements. The information encoded and transmitted by muscle proprioceptors to networks in the spinal cord is known in detail only for the cat, but differences in size and behavior of other species challenge the presumed generalizability. This report presents the first findings detailing specializations in mechanosensory signaling and intraspinal targets for functionally identified subtypes of muscle proprioceptors in the rat.
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Dupim, A., A. Teixeira, L. Pires, and C. Chagas. "High division of sciatic nerve associated with a double superior gemellus muscle." Journal of Morphological Sciences 34, no. 03 (July 2017): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.107616.
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Abstract Introduction: The superior gemellus muscle is a lateral rotator of the thigh, functioning together with other muscles of the region such as the piriformis muscle. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve of the human body. It arises from the lumbosacral plexus and divides into two nerves: the tibial and common fibular nerves, which normally appear near the apex of the popliteal fossa. It is responsible for the innervation of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the lower limb. Case report: We report a doubled superior gemellus muscle associated with a high division of the sciatic nerve on the left side of a cadaveric specimen. The other muscles of the region showed no abnormality. Conclusion: This variation may offer information to piriformis muscle syndrome and be of importance in radiology and surgery of the region.
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Park, Seo-Yoon, Seunghue Oh, Ki-Hyun Baek, Sung-Soo Bae, and Jung-Won Kwon. "Comparison of Abdominal Muscle Thickness between the Abdominal Draw-in Maneuver and Maximum Abdominal Contraction Maneuver." Healthcare 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020251.
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All abdominal muscles, including the transverse abdominis (TrA), should be modulated to improve core stability. This study aimed to investigate easier and more effective core exercise methods by comparing thickness changes in the TrA, internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles during the abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) and maximum abdominal contraction maneuver (MACM). Thirty healthy subjects who participated in this study underwent ADIM and MACM three times in random order. We measured the abdominal muscle thickness during ADIM and MACM using ultrasonography and compared the changes in the thickness of TrA, IO, EO, and RA muscles using a paired t-test. Significant differences were observed in the thicknesses of all the abdominal muscles between the ADIM and MACM groups (p < 0.05). The MACM immediately increased the thickness of the TrA (p < 0.001, effect size (ES) = 0.931), IO (p = 0.001, ES = 0.761), EO (p = 0.008, ES = 0.415), and RA (p < 0.001, ES = 0.767) muscles. These results suggest that MACM is useful for immediately increasing the thickness of TrA, IO, EO, and RA muscles and may contribute to the clinical effect of simultaneous contractions on the changes in abdominal muscle thickness.
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Huang, Shimeng, Qiulan Luo, and Jingwen Liao. "Analysis of the Effect of Branched Chain Amino Acids on Muscle Health Information of Swimmers Based on Multisensor Fusion and Deep Learning." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022 (April 26, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2573058.
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Swimmers must fully mobilize the muscles of the whole body during exercise, and it is necessary to study the protection of swimmers from muscle damage. Now, muscle damage is increasing year by year, and more athletes are affected. Therefore, studying the causes of muscle injuries and exploring more effective treatments have become important research topics in the field of sports medicine. This study is mainly based on deep learning to analyze the protective effect of branched-chain amino acids on swimming athletes’ muscle injury. Due to the complex and changeable environment and the interference of unknown factors, a single sensor cannot meet the needs of obtaining information. Therefore, people have developed the technology of multisensor information fusion to obtain enough information. Multisensor data fusion technology can synthesize the information of each sensor and then obtain more comprehensive and accurate decision-making information. This study is mainly based on multisensor fusion and deep learning to analyze the impact of branched chain amino acids on Swimmers’ muscle health information. Finally, two experiments were designed in this article. The first experimental result showed that the pain level of the experimental group who took BCAA supplements was 19% lower than that of the control group that did not take the BCAA supplement within three days after exercise. The results of the second experiment show the following: after exercise, the creatine kinase activity value of the experimental group taking BCAA supplement was 4.38 ± 1.45 , and the creatine kinase activity value of the control group taking placebo was 5.42 ± 2.12 . It proves that BBCA can protect muscle damage by reducing the activity of creatine kinase.
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Skopenkova, Victoria V., Tatiana V. Egorova, and Maryana V. Bardina. "Muscle-Specific Promoters for Gene Therapy." Acta Naturae 13, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.11063.
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Many genetic diseases that are responsible for muscular disorders have been described to date. Gene replacement therapy is a state-of-the-art strategy used to treat such diseases. In this approach, the functional copy of a gene is delivered to the affected tissues using viral vectors. There is an urgent need for the design of short, regulatory sequences that would drive a high and robust expression of a therapeutic transgene in skeletal muscles, the diaphragm, and the heart, while exhibiting limited activity in non-target tissues. This review focuses on the development and improvement of muscle-specific promoters based on skeletal muscle -actin, muscle creatine kinase, and desmin genes, as well as other genes expressed in muscles. The current approaches used to engineer synthetic muscle-specific promoters are described. Other elements of the viral vectors that contribute to tissue-specific expression are also discussed. A special feature of this review is the presence of up-to-date information on the clinical and preclinical trials of gene therapy drug candidates that utilize muscle-specific promoters.
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Callif, Debbie. "Biofeedback for Pelvic Muscle Dysfunction." Biofeedback 44, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-44.2.02.
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Biofeedback for pelvic floor muscle dysfunction provides a practical and effective intervention for elimination disorders. Dysfunction in the pelvic floor muscles can affect bladder and bowel function and can cause pelvic pain. According to the National Association of Continence, there are 25 million Americans affected by bladder or bowel incontinence. Surface electromyographic (sEMG) sensors monitor the electrical activity of the pelvic floor muscles. Additional muscle co-contractions of the obturator internus, hip adductors, and transverse abdominis can facilitate improvements in symptoms affected by pelvic floor dysfunction. Pelvic floor therapy incorporates urge reduction techniques and functional control strategies. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations are also provided. The Biofeedback Certification International Alliance (BCIA) is the primary certifying body in the fields of biofeedback and neurofeedback. BCIA has a Blueprint of Knowledge specific for certification in pelvic muscle dysfunction biofeedback (PMDB). The Blueprint outlines the fundamental science, history, and theory of sEMG biofeedback as used for elimination disorders and chronic pelvic pain. You can find more information on PMDB at www.bcia.org.
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Lucena-Anton, David, Carlos Luque-Moreno, Jesus Valencia-Medero, Cristina Garcia-Munoz, and Jose A. Moral-Munoz. "Effectiveness of Dry Needling of Myofascial Trigger Points in the Triceps Surae Muscles: Systematic Review." Healthcare 10, no. 10 (September 24, 2022): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101862.
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This study aims to analyze the effects of Dry Needling (DN) for the release of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the triceps surae muscles (TSM). A systematic review was performed up to February 2022 in PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science. Selection criteria were studies involving subjects older than 18 years presenting MTrPs in the TSM, without any concomitant acute or chronic musculoskeletal conditions; DN interventions applied to the MTrPs of the TSM; and results on pain, range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, muscle stiffness, and functional outcomes. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies, and the Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 to assess risk of bias. A total of 12 studies were included in the systematic review, involving 426 participants. These results suggest that DN of MTrPs in TSM could have a positive impact on muscle stiffness and functional outcomes. There are inconclusive findings on musculoskeletal pain, ROM, and muscle strength. Significant results were obtained in favor of the control groups on pressure pain thresholds. Despite the benefits obtained on muscle stiffness and functional performance, the evidence for the use of DN of MTrPs in the TSM remains inconclusive.
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Grundfest-Broniatowski, Sharon, Michael Broniatowski, Charles R. Davies, Gordon B. Jacobs, Jerald C. Kasick, Samuel S. Chou, Yukihiko Nosé, Robert E. Hermann, and Harvey M. Tucker. "An Artificial Myotatic Reflex: A Potential Avenue to Fine Motor Control." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 101, no. 6 (December 1989): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988910100602.
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When a striated muscle becomes paralyzed, not only its motor function, but its sensory innervation may be Impaired. Methods of rehabilitation have previously focused only on motor innervation, although striated muscles are submitted to self-regulation of length and tension. Indeed, reinnervated muscle may not contract appropriately unless sensory information is available, nor is it known whether sensory receptors are included in the reinnervation process. We hypothesized that the myotatic reflex (MR) would be absent in the event these sensory organs are not reinnervated, and that an artificial myotatic reflex (AMR) would be useful in reestablishing fine motor control. The strap muscles were exposed in six anesthetized rabbits. The MR was verified by stretching an intact sternohyoid muscle. Next, loss of the reflex was documented after the ipsllateral ansa hypoglossl was divided, and a crossover nerve-muscle pedicle (NMP) was brought In from the opposite sternothyroid. After 3 months, the MR was still absent; however, stretch of the contralateral sternohyoid produced a reflex response on the reinnervated side. A strain gauge sutured to the reinnervated muscle was linked to an electronic modulator so that stretch induced electric stimulation of the NMP and contraction (the AMR). We conclude that (1) proprioception is not reestablished in the reinnervated muscle; (2) by contrast, sensory Information from the muscle of origin of the NMP Is conveyed to the reinnervated side; and (3) the AMR offers promise toward more sophisticated control of paralyzed (I.e., facial, laryngeal) musculature.
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Li, Wei, Zhongli Li, Shuyan Qie, Huaqing Yang, Xuemei Chen, Yancheng Liu, Zongju Li, and Kuan Zhang. "Analysis of the activation modalities of the lower limb muscles during walking." Technology and Health Care 28, no. 5 (September 18, 2020): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-191939.
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BACKGROUND: Walking is a basic human activity and many orthopedic diseases can manifest with gait abnormalities. However, the muscle activation intervals of lower limbs are not clear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the contraction patterns of lower limb muscles by analyzing activation intervals using surface electromyography (SEMG) during walking. METHODS: Four muscles including the tibialis anterior (TA), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and rectus femoris (RF) of bilateral lower extremity of 92 healthy subjects were selected for SEMG measurements. The number of activations (activation intervals) and the point of the highest root mean square (RMS) EMG signal in the percentage of the gait cycle (GC) were used to analyze muscle activities. RESULTS: The majority of TA and RF showed two activation intervals and both gastrocnemius parts three activation intervals during walking. The point of the highest RMS EMG signal in the percentage of the GC for TA, LG, MG and RF are 5%, 41%, 40%, and 8%, respectively. The activation intervals were mostly affected by age, height, different genders and bilateral limbs. CONCLUSION: This study identified the different activation intervals (four for each muscle) and the proportion of healthy adults in which they occurred during the normal gait cycle. These different activation intervals provided a new insight to evaluate the function of nerves and muscles. In addition, the activation interval and RMS peak time proposed in this study can be used as new parameters for gait analysis.
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Hunter, R. A., Jane B. Davey, and P. J. Buttery. "Fractional rate of protein synthesis in liver and in individual muscles of lambs: effect of time of sampling following the use of the continuous infusion technique." Journal of Agricultural Science 108, no. 2 (April 1987): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600079582.
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There is little information on rates of protein synthesis in individual muscles in ruminant animals. Skeletal muscle is the largest single tissue and, as such, has a considerable effect on nitrogen transactions in the body. Arnal (1977) found a substantial decline in synthetic rate between 1 and 16 weeks of age in lambs and also observed differences between red and white muscles. Bryant & Smith (1982a) measured synthesis in several muscles of mature sheep and they observed lower rates than Arnal (1977) with little difference between most muscles. Vastus intermedius muscle in the hind leg, however, had higher rates of synthesis than other muscles. Here we report rates of protein synthesis in individual muscles in rapidly growing lambs approximately 12 weeks of age. The major back muscle, the longissimus dorsi, and two hind leg muscles, the vastus lateralis and the vastus intermedius, were chosen for study.
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Bilston, Lynne E., Bart Bolsterlee, Antoine Nordez, and Shantanu Sinha. "Contemporary image-based methods for measuring passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscles in vivo." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 1454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00672.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Skeletal muscles’ primary function in the body is mechanical: to move and stabilize the skeleton. As such, their mechanical behavior is a key aspect of their physiology. Recent developments in medical imaging technology have enabled quantitative studies of passive muscle mechanics, ranging from measurements of intrinsic muscle mechanical properties, such as elasticity and viscosity, to three-dimensional muscle architecture and dynamic muscle deformation and kinematics. In this review we summarize the principles and applications of contemporary imaging methods that have been used to study the passive mechanical behavior of skeletal muscles. Elastography measurements can provide in vivo maps of passive muscle mechanical parameters, and both MRI and ultrasound methods are available (magnetic resonance elastography and ultrasound shear wave elastography, respectively). Both have been shown to differentiate between healthy muscle and muscles affected by a broad range of clinical conditions. Detailed muscle architecture can now be depicted using diffusion tensor imaging, which not only is particularly useful for computational modeling of muscle but also has potential in assessing architectural changes in muscle disorders. More dynamic information about muscle mechanics can be obtained using a range of dynamic MRI methods, which characterize the detailed internal muscle deformations during motion. There are several MRI techniques available (e.g., phase-contrast MRI, displacement-encoded MRI, and “tagged” MRI), each of which can be collected in synchrony with muscle motion and postprocessed to quantify muscle deformation. Together, these modern imaging techniques can characterize muscle motion, deformation, mechanical properties, and architecture, providing complementary insights into skeletal muscle function.
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Marquart, Leonard, and Jeffery Sobal. "Beliefs and Information Sources of High School Athletes Regarding Muscle Development." Pediatric Exercise Science 5, no. 4 (November 1993): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.5.4.377.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the beliefs and sources of information regarding muscle development among 742 high school athletes in one rural county. About 40% of the athletes stated that muscle development was very important and 50% said it was somewhat important. Most of them recognized the dangers of steroids but still thought these were important in muscle development. A majority also thought nutritional and genetic factors were important. Physicians were seen as providing the most accurate information about muscle development, followed by coaches and trainers. Understanding the athletes’ beliefs and information sources about muscle development may be useful in dispelling misconceptions and providing education on the topic.
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Kondratov, Gleb V., Viktor V. Stepanishin, and Stanislav G. Kumirov. "Formation of the superficial pectoral muscle and quadriceps femoral muscle in chickens of the meat direction of productivity in embryogenesis." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 12/1, no. 107 (2022): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202212106.
Full textAbstract:
Morphological and histological characteristics of the quadriceps femoral muscle and the superficial pectoral muscle in chickens of the meat productivity direction (Brama and Smena-8) on the 14th day of embryogenesis are shown. In the studied muscles, muscle fibers were identified, delimited by the endomysium and combined into bundles, between which the perimysium lies. There is no transverse striation in the muscle fibers. In the structure of the skeletal muscles of the Smena-8 cross, the division of muscle fibers into thin and thick is established. During the study, the thickness of muscle fibers and their bundles, as well as the thickness of the endomysium and perimysium were determined. According to all the studied micromorphometric indicators of the quadriceps femoral muscle and the superficial pectoral muscle, the superiority of the Smena-8 cross over the Brama breed was revealed. The presented results indicate the peculiarities of the formation of skeletal muscles on the 14th day of the embryonic period of development of the organism in chickens of the meat productivity direction, which allows using this information in predicting the productive qualities and genetic potential of crosses and breeds involved in breeding work, including in the comparative aspect. In addition, these data expand the concept of histogenesis of skeletal muscles in various representatives of poultry and can be basic in the issues of their assessment by morphological indicators in certain periods of life.
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Kurtzer, Isaac L. "Shoulder reflexes integrate elbow information at “long-latency” delay throughout a corrective action." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00611.2018.
Full textAbstract:
Previous studies have demonstrated a progression of function when healthy subjects counter a sudden mechanical load. Short-latency reflexes are linked to local stretch of the particular muscle and its antagonist. Long-latency reflexes integrate stretch information from both local sources and muscles crossing remote joints appropriate for a limb’s mechanical interactions. Unresolved is how sensory information is processed throughout the corrective response, since capabilities at some time can be produced by circuits acting at that delay and at briefer delays. One possibility is that local abilities are always expressed at a short-latency delay and integrative abilities are always expressed at a long-latency delay. Alternatively, the neural circuits may be altered over time, leading to a temporal shift in expressing certain abilities; a refractory period could retard integrative responses to a second perturbation, whereas priming could enable integrative responses at short latency. We tested between these three hypotheses in a shoulder muscle by intermixing trials of step torque with either torque pulses ( experiment 1) or double steps of torque ( experiment 2). The second perturbation occurred at 35, 60, and 110 ms after the first perturbation to probe processing throughout the corrective action. The second perturbation reliably evoked short-latency responses in the shoulder muscle linked to only shoulder motion and long-latency responses linked to both shoulder and elbow motion. This pattern is best accounted by the continuous action of controllers with fixed functions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sudden displacement of the limb evokes a short-latency reflex, 20–50 ms, based on local muscle stretch and a long-latency reflex based on integrating muscle stretch at different joints. A novel double-perturbation paradigm tested if these abilities are temporally conserved throughout the corrective response or are shifted (retarded or delayed) due to functional changes in the responsible circuits. Multi-joint integration was reliably expressed at a long-latency delay consistent with the continuous operation of circuits with fixed abilities.
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Mannion, A. F., N. Pulkovski, P. Schenk, P. W. Hodges, H. Gerber, T. Loupas, M. Gorelick, and H. Sprott. "A new method for the noninvasive determination of abdominal muscle feedforward activity based on tissue velocity information from tissue Doppler imaging." Journal of Applied Physiology 104, no. 4 (April 2008): 1192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00794.2007.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid arm movements elicit anticipatory activation of the deep-lying abdominal muscles; this appears modified in back pain, but the invasive technique used for its assessment [fine-wire electromyography (EMG)] has precluded its widespread investigation. We examined whether tissue-velocity changes recorded with ultrasound (M-mode) tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) provided a viable noninvasive alternative. Fourteen healthy subjects rapidly flexed, extended, and abducted the shoulder; recordings were made of medial deltoid (MD) surface EMG and of fine-wire EMG and TDI tissue-velocity changes of the contralateral transversus abdominis, obliquus internus, and obliquus externus. Muscle onsets were determined by blinded visual analysis of EMG and TDI data. TDI could not distinguish between the relative activation of the three muscles, so in subsequent analyses only the onset of the earliest abdominal muscle activity was used. The latter occurred <50 ms after the onset of medial deltoid EMG (i.e., was feedforward) and correlated with the corresponding EMG onsets ( r = 0.47, P < 0.0001). The mean difference between methods was 20 ms and was likely explained by electromechanical delay; limits of agreement were wide (−40 to +80 ms) but no greater than those typical of repeated measurements using either technique. The between-day standard error of measurement of the TDI onsets (examined in 16 further subjects) was 16 ms. TDI yielded reliable and valid measures of the earliest onset of feedforward activity within the anterolateral abdominal muscle group. The method can be used to assess muscle dysfunction in large groups of back-pain patients and may also be suitable for the noninvasive analysis of other deep-lying or small/thin muscles.