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1

Parker, Philip M., and James N. Parker. Muscle weakness: A medication dictionary, bibliography, and annotated research guide to Internet references. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2004.

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Karen, Bellenir, ed. Pain sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about specific forms of acute and chronic pain, including muscle and skeletal pain, nerve pain, cancer pain, and disorders characterized by pain, such as fibromyalgia ... 2nd ed. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2002.

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3

Shannon, Joyce Brennfleck. Dental care and oral health sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about caring for the mouth and teeth, including facts about dental hygiene and routine care guidelines, fluoride, sealants, tooth whitening systems, cavities, root canals, extractions, implants, veneers, dentures, and orthodontic and orofacial procedures; along with information about periodontal (gum) disease, canker sores, dry mouth, temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders (TMJ), oral cancer, and other conditions that impact oral health ... 4th ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2012.

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4

d'Orsay, Musée. Musée d'Orsay: [a portfolio collection of information]. Paris: The Museum, 1986.

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5

Brennfleck, Shannon Joyce, ed. Pain sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about acute and chronic pain, including nerve pain, bone pain, muscle pain, cancer pain, and disorders characterized by pain, such as arthritis, temporomandibular muscle and joint (tmj) disorder, carpal tunnel syndrome, headaches, heartburn, sciatica, and shingles, and facts about diagnostic tests and treatment options for pain, including over-the-counter and prescription drugs, physical rehabilitation, injection and infusion therapies, implantable technologies, and complementary medicine; along with tips for living with pain, a glossary of related terms, and a directory of additional resources. 3rd ed. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2008.

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6

L, Sutton Amy, ed. Dental care and oral health sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about dental care and oral health throughout the lifespan, including facts about cavities, bad breath, cold and canker sores, dry mouth, toothaches, gum disease, malocclusion, temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders, oral cancers, and dental emergencies : along with information about mouth hygiene, crowns, bridges, implants, and fillings, surgical, orthodontic, and cosmetic dental procedures, pain management, health conditions that impact oral care, a glossary of related terms, and a directory of additional resources. 3rd ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2008.

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7

editor, Al-Saidi Asma, Fleischer Rudolf 1964 editor, Maamar Zakaria editor, and Rana Omer editor, eds. Intelligent cloud computing: First International Conference, ICC 2014, Muscat, Oman, February 24-26, 2014, Revised selected papers. Cham: Springer, 2015.

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8

IFIP TC6/WG6.2 & WG6.7 International Conference on Network Control and Engineering for QoS, Security, and Mobility (2nd 2003 Muscat, Oman). Network Control and Engineering for QoS, Security and Mobility II: IFIP TC6 / WG6.2 & WG6.7 Second International Conference on Network Control and Engineering for QoS, Security and Mobility (Net-Con 2003) October 13-15, 2003, Muscat, Oman. New York: Springer, 2003.

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9

L, Wilson Terrie, ed. The twenty-first century art librarian. New York: Haworth Information Press, 2003.

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10

Islam, Rafikul. 601 Muscle Building, Fitness and Diet Myths: Best Muscle Building Tips, Including Specific Information on Workouts, Exercises, Nutrition and Supplementation. Independently Published, 2018.

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11

Muscle Imbalance and Functional Scoliosis: An Eye Opener Information for Fitness Industry. Independently Published, 2020.

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12

Zwarts, Machiel J. Nerve, muscle, and neuromuscular junction. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0001.

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Essential to all living creatures is the ability to convey information. In addition motor responses are required, for example running. This all is possible due to the ability of specialized cells to conduct information along the cell membrane by means of action potentials (AP) made possible by the charged cell membrane, which has selective permeability for different ions. Voltage and ligand sensitive ion channels are responsible for sudden changes in selective permeability of the membrane resulting in local depolarization of the membrane. The neuromuscular junction is a highly specialized region of the distal motor axon that is responsible for the transferring of activation from nerve to muscle. All these systems and subsystems can fail and a thorough understanding is necessary in order to understand the changes a clinical neurophysiologist can encounter while recording from the human nervous system in cases of disorders of brain, nerve and muscle.
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13

Ramdass, Ranjit. Neurophysiology in the assessment of inflammatory myopathies. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0015.

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Clinical neurophysiology (electrodiagnosis) includes the assessment of peripheral nerves by electrical stimulation (nerve conduction studies, NCS) and needle examination of muscles (electromyography, EMG). Electrodiagnostic assessment is a functional extension of clinical examination into the laboratory. It plays an important role in the investigation of a patient suspected of having myositis, providing valuable information regarding peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction and muscle functions, to better characterize clinical syndromes. NCS can establish the presence and quantify the severity of a primary or co-existing peripheral neuropathy, while EMG examination can help discriminate between primary myogenic and primary neurogenic disorders. EMG is potentially more sensitive than clinical examination, as abnormalities can be detected in muscles apparently unaffected on clinical examination. Additionally, a number of muscles can be sampled to help target an optimal muscle biopsy site. Neurophysiology can also assist in monitoring treatment responses and detecting emerging problems, such steroid myopathy or drug-induced neuropathy.
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14

Gundill, Michael Michael. Fitness Cookbook: 123 Healthy and Quick Recipes for Overwhelming Weight Loss Success and Effective Muscle Building-Including Nutritional Information + 4-Week Nutrition Plan. Independently Published, 2021.

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15

Cellek, Selim. Mechanism of penile erection. Edited by David John Ralph. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0101.

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Sexual stimuli (tactile, visual, olfactory, and imaginative) are processed and integrated in the central nervous system which then activates certain autonomic and somatic pathways within the peripheral nervous system. This coordinated activation of the central and peripheral nervous systems leads to penile erection which is actually a result of relaxation of vascular and cavernosal smooth muscle in the penis. In the flaccid (detumescent) penis, the smooth muscle tone is heightened. Penile erection (tumescence) requires a decrease in the smooth muscle tone. The tone of the penile smooth muscle therefore is the main determinant of erectile function. In this chapter, the current information on the control of erectile function by this central-peripheral-smooth muscle axis will be reviewed.
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16

Bowker, Lesley K., James D. Price, Ku Shah, and Sarah C. Smith. Musculoskeletal system. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738381.003.0017.

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This chapter provides information on osteoarthritis, management of osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, management of osteoporosis, polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, muscle symptoms, Paget’s disease, gout, pseudogout, contractures, cervical spondylosis and myelopathy, osteomyelitis, the elderly foot, the elderly hand, the painful hip, the painful back, and the painful shoulder.
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17

Ivanova, Iskra I., and Lynn D. Martin. Sedation and Analgesia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199918027.003.0010.

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This chapter on sedation and analgesia provides essential information on how to achieve and monitor the comfort of patients safely in the pediatric intensive care unit. Included is succinct information about dosing, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepines, opiates, and other sedatives (propofol, etomidate, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents), as well as the antagonists naloxone and flumazenil. Information is also provided about the use and dosage of both depolarizing and nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (muscle relaxants) and American Society of Anesthesiologists guidelines for fasting (i.e., nothing by mouth) times before elective endotracheal intubation. The chapter also includes key information regarding the recognition and treatment of malignant hyperthermia.
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18

Book, Burpees Hunting Log. Hunting Log Book Eat Sleep Burpees RepeaArt for Gym and Workout Muscle Premium Pretty : Burpees Gifts for Boyfriend: Hunting Journal and Log Book to Record Hunting Trips and Information for Amateur and Professional Hunters, Game Keepers,Homework. Independently Published, 2022.

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19

Tarsia, Paolo. Dyspnoea in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0083.

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Dyspnoea may be defined as a subjective experience of discomfort associated with breathing. Breathing discomfort arises as a result of complex interactions between signals relayed from the upper airways, the chest wall, the lungs, and the central nervous system. Integration of this information with higher brain centres provides further processing. The final aspects of the sensation of dyspnoea are influenced by contextual, environmental, behavioural, and cognitive factors. At least three qualitatively distinct sensations have been employed to describe discomfort in breathing—air hunger, increased effort of breathing, and chest tightness. Air hunger has been shown to be associated with stimulation of chemoreceptors. Increased effort of breathing may arise in clinical conditions that impair respiratory muscle performance through abnormal mechanical loads or when respiratory muscles are weakened (neuromuscular diseases). Chest tightness is often experienced by asthmatic patients during episodes of acute bronchoconstriction. Measurement of dyspnoea is essential in order to assess it adequately and monitor response to treatment. Dyspnoea assessment may be carried out thorough a number of different scales, questionnaires, or exercise tests. Strategies in controlling dyspnoea should not focus uniquely on decreasing dyspnoea intensity. Patients may profit from interventions that decrease the unpleasantness associated with breathlessness without necessarily affecting the intensity component of the symptom.
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20

studios, sinbad. Fat Loss Program to Lose Weight, Build Lean Muscle and Tone Up: 12 Week Body Makeover Guide. Complete Guidelines and Tips to Transform Your Body and Achieve Your Weight Loss Goal Complete Nutritional Information, Goal-Specific Training Programs, Detailed Supp. Independently Published, 2020.

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21

Donaghy, Michael. The clinical approach. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0030.

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This chapter describes the appropriate clinical approach to take when presented with a patient reporting a neurological symptom. Just under 10 per cent of the population consult their general practitioner about a neurological symptom each year in the United Kingdom. About 10 per cent of these are referred for a specialist opinion, usually to a neurologist. Nine conditions account for roughly 75 per cent of general neurological referrals and are diagnosed initially on purely clinical grounds, with the other 25 per cent representing the full range of other, potentially very rare, neurological disorders.This chapter underlines the importance of a thorough and informative history to achieve successful diagnosis. Crucial facets for a good history include information on the time course of symptom development, whether symptoms are negative or positive, previous neurological history (both personal and familial), as well as other potentially contributory general medical disorders. The general neurological examination is also described, as are specific examination manoeuvres that may be added to the general neurological examination in specific clinical circumstances.Reflexes play an important role in diagnostic neurology because they reflect the integrity of, or alterations in, the neural structures responsible for their arc. Loss of a reflex may be due to interruption of the afferent path by a lesion involving the first sensory neurone in the peripheral nerves, plexuses, spinal nerves, or dorsal roots, by damage to the central paths of the arc in the brainstem or spinal cord, by lesions of the lower motor neurone at any point between the anterior horn cells and the muscles, of the muscles themselves, or by the neural depression produced by neural shock. In clinical practice, the most useful and oft-elicited reflexes are the tendon reflexes of the limbs, the jaw jerk, the plantar response, the superficial abdominal reflexes, the pupil-light response, and in infants, the Moro reflex. The place of these particular reflexes in the routine neurological examination is outlined, and the elicitation and significance of these reflexes and of a wide variety of others which are used occasionally are described.Examinations that allow localization lesions that are responsible for muscle weaknesses and the assessment of somatosensory abnormalities are described, as are neurological disorders that result in identifiable gait disorders. The clinical signs and examinations relevant to autonomic disorders are also discussed.Intensive care may be required for patients critically ill either as a result of primary neurological disease, or in those in whom a neurological disorder is a component of, or secondary to, a general medical disorder. Indications for admission to neurological intensive care have been defined (Howard et al. 2003): impaired consciousness, bulbar muscle failure, severe ventilatory respiratory failure, uncontrolled seizures, severely raised intracranial pressure, some monitoring and interventional treatments, and unforeseen general medical complications. Naturally specific treatments indicated for the particular diagnosis should be instituted along with general intensive care measures.Finally, the discussion of diagnoses of chronic or terminal conditions with patients is discussed, with particular focus on the best way to present the diagnosis to the patient.
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22

Green, Desmond. Installing Muscles Please Wait Funny Gym Workout Quote - Account Information Notebook. Independently Published, 2021.

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23

Hain, Richard D. W., and Satbir Singh Jassal. Adjuvants. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745457.003.0007.

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An adjuvant is not analgesic but is capable of relieving pain in certain specific pain situations. Selection of an appropriate adjuvant is a key element of a rational and evidence-based approach to management of pain in children. It depends on the diagnosis of the type of pain, considered in this chapter in relation to the selection of a suitable adjuvant, based on recognizing the nature of the pain to be treated. Adjuvants for specific types of pain, including neuropathic pain, bone pain, muscle spasm, and cerebral irritation, and pain syndromes are discussed in detail, with information provided on symptoms and management.
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24

Iskandrian, Ami E., and Ernest V. Garcia, eds. Nuclear Cardiac Imaging. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.001.0001.

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Nuclear cardiac imaging refers to cardiac radiological diagnostic techniques performed with the aid of radiopharmaceuticals, which are perfused into the myocardium as markers. These imaging studies provide a wide range of information about the heart, including the contractility of the heart, the amount of blood supply to the heart and whether parts of the heart muscle are alive or dead. This is essential information for cardiologists, and nuclear imaging has become an increasingly important part of the cardiologist's armamentarium. Chapters in Nuclear Cardiac Imaging cover historical, technical and physiological considerations, diagnosis and prognosis, conditions other than Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), advanced cardiac imaging, and challenges and opportunities. New to the fifth edition are key point summaries at the start of each chapter, clinical cases with videos, and a question and answer chapter on practical issues. This title is ideal for nuclear cardiologists in training and nuclear clinicians alike who are searching for quick answers to important clinical and technical questions.
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25

Phillips, Alistair, and Harry Akerman. Anaesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0003.

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Pain-free surgery can be imposed on the hand and wrist without resort to general anaesthetic. Options include local anaesthetic infiltration which can, in higher volumes mixed with adrenaline, allow surgery without a tourniquet. This technique (wide awake local anaesthetic without tourniquet or WALANT) permits the patient to move the fingers without the muscle paralysis induced by the regional anaesthetic and tourniquet, adding invaluable information, e.g. in tendon transfers. The efficacy of specific peripheral nerve blockade and brachial plexus block can be enhanced by ultrasound or nerve stimulation. Intravenous blockade (Bier’s) is effective. Tourniquets (finger, forearm, above elbow) are essential in hand surgery to provide a view unimpeded by blood (although WALANT can achieve this at the expense of a more oedematous field for procedures in a small field).
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26

Pfurtscheller, Gert, Clemens Brunner, and Christa Neuper. EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interfaces. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0047.

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A brain–computer interface (BCI) offers an alternative to natural communication and control by recording brain activity, processing it online, and producing control signals that reflect the user’s intent or the current user state. Therefore, a BCI provides a non-muscular communication channel that can be used to convey messages and commands without any muscle activity. This chapter presents information on the use of different electroencephalographic (EEG) features such as steady-state visual evoked potentials, P300 components, event-related desynchronization, or a combination of different EEG features and other physiological signals for EEG-based BCIs. This chapter also reviews motor imagery as a control strategy, discusses various training paradigms, and highlights the importance of feedback. It also discusses important clinical applications such as spelling systems, neuroprostheses, and rehabilitation after stroke. The chapter concludes with a discussion on different perspectives for the future of BCIs.
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27

Kimura, Jun. Nerve conduction studies. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the principles and practice of nerve conduction studies, which constitute an extension of the clinical history-taking and physical examination, rather than a separate laboratory test. Therefore, in order to take best advantage of the physiological assessment, we need to formulate a reasonable differential diagnosis based on their clinical examination. Nerve conduction studies will help clinicians by confirming the clinical diagnosis, characterizing the neuropathic process by documenting demyelination or axonal degeneration, which dictates the speed and manner of nerve impulse propagation, localizing the site of lesions, differentiating a focal versus diffuse process, and quantitating the abnormalities by the size of the elicited response, which approximately corresponds to the number of functional nerve and muscle fibres. The chapter will appeal to those interested in a broad review of electrodiagnostic medicine and to those wanting a current update on the state-of-the art information of nerve conduction techniques.
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28

Biewener, Andrew A., and Shelia N. Patek, eds. Neuromuscular Control of Movement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743156.003.0008.

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The control of movement is essential for animals traversing complex environments and operating across a range of speeds and gaits. We consider how animals process sensory information and initiate motor responses, primarily focusing on simple motor responses that involve local reflex pathways of feedback and control, rather than the more complex, longer-term responses that require the broader integration of higher centers within the nervous system. We explore how local circuits facilitate decentralized coordination of locomotor rhythm and examine the fundamentals of sensory receptors located in the muscles, tendons, joints, and at the animal’s body surface. These sensors monitor the animal’s physical environment and the action of its muscles. The sensory information is then carried back to the animal’s nervous system by afferent neurons, providing feedback that is integrated at the level of the spinal cord of vertebrates and sensory-motor ganglia of invertebrates.
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29

Goldfinger, Eliot. Animal Anatomy for Artists. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195142143.001.0001.

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From the author of the classic Human Anatomy for Artists comes this user-friendly reference guide featuring over five hundred original drawings and over seventy photographs. Designed for painters, sculptors, and illustrators who use animal imagery in their work, Animal Anatomy for Artists offers thorough, in-depth information about the most commonly depicted animals, presented in a logical and easily understood format for artists--whether beginner or accomplished professional. The book focuses on the forms created by muscles and bones, giving artists a crucial three-dimensional understanding of the final, complex outer surface of the animal. Goldfinger not only covers the anatomy of the more common animals, such as the horse, dog, cat, cow, pig, squirrel, and rabbit, but also the anatomy of numerous wild species, including the lion, giraffe, deer, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, elephant, gorilla, sea lion, and bear. Included are drawings of skeletons and how they move at the joints, individual muscles showing their attachments on the skeleton, muscles of the entire animal, cross sections, photographs of live animals, and silhouettes of related animals comparing their shapes and proportions. He offers a new and innovative section on the basic body plan of four-legged animals, giving the reader a crucial conceptual understanding of overall animal structure to which the details of individual animals can then be applied. The chapter on birds covers the skeleton, muscles and feather patterns. The appendix presents photographs of skulls with magnificent horns and antlers and a section on major surface veins. Incredibly thorough, packed with essential information, Animal Anatomy for Artists is a definitive reference work, an essential book for everyone who depicts animals in their art.
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30

American Music Librarianship: A Research and Information Guide. Routledge, 2013.

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31

Bradley, Carol June. American Music Librarianship: A Research and Information Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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32

Bradley, Carol June. American Music Librarianship: A Research and Information Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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33

Bradley, Carol June. American Music Librarianship: A Research and Information Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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34

Bradley, Carol June. American Music Librarianship: A Research and Information Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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35

Bradley, Carol June. American Music Librarianship: A Research and Information Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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36

Wilkins, Robert, David Meredith, and Ian Megson, eds. Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789895.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences is written by biomedical scientists and clinicians to be the definitive guide to the fundamental scientific principles that underpin medicine and the biomedical sciences. It provides a clear and easily digestible account of basic cell physiology, biochemistry, and molecular and medical genetics, followed by chapters integrating the traditional pillars of biomedicine (anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pathology, and pharmacology) for each of the major systems and processes of the human body: nerve and muscle, musculoskeletal system, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, urinary system, digestive system, endocrine organs, reproductive system, development from fertilization to birth, neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, infection and immunity, and the growth of tissues and organs. Also included are chapters on medicine and society and techniques used in biomedical science research. In its third edition, the Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences is now fully illustrated in colour, and cross-referenced to the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, tenth edition, Oxford Handbook of Clinical Specialities, eleventh edition, and Oxford Handbook of Practical Drug Therapy, second edition. Its concise writing style makes it an invaluable source of information for practitioners and students in medicine, biomedical sciences, and the allied health professions.
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37

Thomas, Robinson. Popular Music Theory and Analysis: A Research and Information Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Popular Music Theory and Analysis: A Research and Information Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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39

American Music Librarianship: A Research and Information Guide (Routledge Musical Bibliographies). Routledge, 2005.

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40

Mason, Peggy. Cranial Nerves and Cranial Nerve Nuclei. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0005.

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The functions of cranial nerves, conduits for sensory information to enter and motor information to exit the brain, and the common complaints arising from cranial nerve injuries are described. The modified anatomical arrangement of sensory and motor territories in the brainstem provides a framework for understanding the organization of the cranial nerve nuclei. A thorough grounding in the anatomy of cranial nerves and cranial nerve nuclei allows the student to deduce whether a given set of symptoms arises from a central or peripheral lesion. The near triad, pupillary light reflex, and Bell’s palsy are particularly emphasized. The contributions of the six extraocular muscles to controlling eye position and to potential diplopia are described along with the consequences of oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerve dysfunction. The potential for lesions of facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves to yield dysphagia and dysarthria are outlined.
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41

Bass, Cristina, Barbara Bauce, and Gaetano Thiene. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: diagnosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0360.

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Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease clinically characterized by life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and pathologically by an acquired and progressive dystrophy of the ventricular myocardium with fibrofatty replacement. The clinical manifestations of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy vary according to the ‘phenotypic’ stage of the underlying disease process. Since there is no ‘gold standard’ to reach the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, multiple categories of diagnostic information have been combined. Different diagnostic categories include right ventricular morphofunctional abnormalities (by echocardiography and/or angiography and/or cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging), histopathological features on endomyocardial biopsy, electrocardiogram, arrhythmias, and family history, including genetics. The diagnostic criteria were revised in 2010 to improve diagnostic sensitivity, but with the important prerequisite of maintaining diagnostic specificity. Quantitative parameters have been put forward and abnormalities are defined based on the comparison with normal subject data. A definite diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is achieved when two major, or one major and two minor, or four minor criteria from different categories are met. The main differential diagnoses are idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia, myocarditis, sarcoidosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, right ventricular infarction, congenital heart diseases with right ventricular overload, and athlete’s heart. Among diagnostic tools, contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance is playing a major role in detecting subepicardial-midmural left ventricular free wall involvement, even preceding morphofunctional abnormalities. Moreover, electroanatomical mapping is an invasive tool able to detect early right ventricular free wall involvement in terms of low-voltage areas. Both techniques are increasingly used in the diagnostic work-up although are not yet part of diagnostic criteria.
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42

Sandbrink, Friedhelm. The MEP in clinical neurodiagnosis. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0019.

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This article gives information on the clinical application of motor-evoked potential (MEP). Transcranial stimulation of the cerebral cortex to elicit MEPs is a noninvasive method for assessing the integrity of the central motor pathway function. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used in diagnosing and monitoring neurological disorders. This article highlights the neurophysiological differences between TMS and transcranial electric stimulation. All the different MEP parameters that can be measured by TMS, the latency of the MEP is generally regarded as the most reliable and useful. TMS studies have been described in many neurological disorders. The sensitivity of TMS in detecting subclinical upper motor neuron lesion varies in different disorders, depending on number of muscles and different parameters used. This article talks about the application of MEP in pathophysiology, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, meyloptahy, cerebral infarction, movement disorders, epilepsy, Lumbar spinal stenosis and radiculopathies, peripheral nerve disorders etc.
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43

Bucy, Erik P., and Patrick Stewart. The Personalization of Campaigns: Nonverbal Cues in Presidential Debates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.52.

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Nonverbal cues are important elements of persuasive communication whose influence in political debates are receiving renewed attention. Recent advances in political debate research have been driven by biologically grounded explanations of behavior that draw on evolutionary theory and view televised debates as contests for social dominance. The application of biobehavioral coding to televised presidential debates opens new vistas for investigating this time-honored campaign tradition by introducing a systematic and readily replicated analytical framework for documenting the unspoken signals that are a continuous feature of competitive candidate encounters. As research utilizing biobehavioral measures of presidential debates and other political communication progresses, studies are becoming increasingly characterized by the use of multiple methodologies and merging of disparate data into combined systems of coding that support predictive modeling.Key elements of nonverbal persuasion include candidate appearance, communication style and behavior, as well as gender dynamics that regulate candidate interactions. Together, the use of facial expressions, voice tone, and bodily gestures form uniquely identifiable display repertoires that candidates perform within televised debate settings. Also at play are social and political norms that govern candidate encounters. From an evaluative standpoint, the visual equivalent of a verbal gaffe is the commission of a nonverbal expectancy violation, which draws viewer attention and interferes with information intake. Through second screens, viewers are able to register their reactions to candidate behavior in real time, and merging biobehavioral and social media approaches to debate effects is showing how such activity can be used as an outcome measure to assess the efficacy of candidate nonverbal communication during televised presidential debates.Methodological approaches employed to investigate nonverbal cues in presidential debates have expanded well beyond the time-honored technique of content analysis to include lab experiments, focus groups, continuous response measurement, eye tracking, vocalic analysis, biobehavioral coding, and use of the Facial Action Coding System to document the muscle movements that comprise leader expressions. Given the tradeoffs and myriad considerations involved in analyzing nonverbal cues, critical issues in measurement and methodology must be addressed when conducting research in this evolving area. With automated coding of nonverbal behavior just around the corner, future research should be designed to take advantage of the growing number of methodological advances in this rapidly evolving area of political communication research.
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44

Fitness Information For Teens Health Tips About Exercise And Active Lifestyles Including Facts About Healthy Muscles And Bones Starting And Maintaining Fitness Plans Aerobic Fitness Stretching And Strength Training Sports Safety And Suggestions For Team Athletes And Individuals. Omnigraphics, 2012.

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45

Syrris, Petros, and Alexandros Protonotarios. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: genetics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0359.

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Abstract:
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a disorder of the heart muscle which is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. It is believed to be familial in over 50% of cases. A recessive mode of inheritance has also been reported in syndromic cases with cardiocutaneous features. The classic form of the disorder is considered to be ‘a disease of the desmosome’ as pathogenic variants have been identified in five genes encoding key desmosomal proteins: plakoglobin, desmoplakin, plakophilin-2, desmoglein-2, and desmocollin-2. Mutations in these genes account for 30–50% of ARVC cases. A further eight non-desmosomal genes have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disorder but only account for rare cases. Studies of patients with ARVC-associated gene mutations have revealed marked genetic heterogeneity and very limited genotype–phenotype correlation. Disease expression often varies significantly amongst individuals carrying the same mutation. It has been proposed that the presence of more than one sequence variant is required to determine overt clinical disease and patients with multiple variants have a more severe phenotype compared to single variant carriers. Identification of a potentially pathogenic variant comprises a major criterion in the diagnosis of ARVC but informative integration of genetic testing into clinical practice remains challenging. Gene testing should be used to identify asymptomatic family members at risk and only aids diagnosis in cases of high suspicion for ARVC, along with other evident features of the disease already present. However, genetic findings should be used with caution in clinical practice and their interpretation must be performed in expert centres.
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46

Hayes, Kevin. Fitness Information for Teens, 5th Ed: Health Tips about Exercise and Active Lifestyles; Including Facts about Healthy Muscles and Bones, Starting and Maintaining Fitness Plans, Aerobic Fitness, Stretching and Strength Training, Sports Safety, and Suggestions for Team Athletes and Individuals. Omnigraphics, Incorporated, 2021.

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47

O'Neill, Mark, and Glenn Hooper. Connecting Museums. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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48

Connecting Museums. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Hooper, Glenn, and Mark ONeill. Connecting Museums. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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O'Neill, Mark, and Glenn Hooper. Connecting Museums. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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