Relevant bibliographies by topics / Muscle activation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Muscle activation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Muscle activation"

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Guadagnin, Eleonora, Davi Mázala, and Yi-Wen Chen. "STAT3 in Skeletal Muscle Function and Disorders." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082265.

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Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling plays critical roles in regulating skeletal muscle mass, repair, and diseases. In this review, we discuss the upstream activators of STAT3 in skeletal muscles, with a focus on interleukin 6 (IL6) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). We will also discuss the double-edged effect of STAT3 activation in the muscles, including the role of STAT3 signaling in muscle hypertrophy induced by exercise training or muscle wasting in cachectic diseases and muscular dystrophies. STAT3 is a critical regulator of satellite cell self-renewal after muscle injury. STAT3 knock out affects satellite cell myogenic progression by impairing proliferation and inducing premature differentiation. Recent studies in STAT3 signaling demonstrated its direct role in controlling myogenic capacity of myoblasts and satellite cells, as well as the potential benefit in using STAT3 inhibitors to treat muscle diseases. However, prolonged STAT3 activation in muscles has been shown to be responsible for muscle wasting by activating protein degradation pathways. It is important to balance the extent of STAT3 activation and the duration and location (cell types) of the STAT3 signaling when developing therapeutic interventions. STAT3 signaling in other tissues and organs that can directly or indirectly affects skeletal muscle health are also discussed.
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Homayounpour, Mohammad, Jonathan D. Mortensen, and Andrew S. Merryweather. "Auditory Warnings Invoking Startle Response Cause Faster and More Intense Neck Muscle Contractions Prior to Head Impacts." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (November 2019): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631320.

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High-pressure level and sudden sound, especially during an elevated state of alertness can elicit a startle response. Startle response can induce sudden, intense muscle activations. Some studies have shown that increasing neck muscle activation during impact situations can reduce the risk of concussion and neck injury. This research aimed to study muscle coactivation patterns, contraction latency and the level of muscle activation in startle response compared to the voluntary response. To achieve this goal, a testbed capable of applying impacts to the head in four directions was created. Auditory (115 dB) startle stimulus was delivered and muscle activation measured using sEMG on neck muscles during startle and voluntary responses. We investigated a 1000 ms time period starting at the time that the sound is played to the time at impact. Results indicate that the first muscle activation in startle response is 2.1 times higher, 5.9 times faster and involved more muscles than in a voluntary response.
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Hagio, Shota, and Motoki Kouzaki. "The flexible recruitment of muscle synergies depends on the required force-generating capability." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 2 (July 15, 2014): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00109.2014.

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To simplify redundant motor control, the central nervous system (CNS) may modularly organize and recruit groups of muscles as “muscle synergies.” However, smooth and efficient movements are expected to require not only low-dimensional organization, but also flexibility in the recruitment or combination of synergies, depending on force-generating capability of individual muscles. In this study, we examined how the CNS controls activations of muscle synergies as changing joint angles. Subjects performed multidirectional isometric force generations around right ankle and extracted the muscle synergies using nonnegative matrix factorization across various knee and hip joint angles. As a result, muscle synergies were selectively recruited with merging or decomposition as changing the joint angles. Moreover, the activation profiles, including activation levels and the direction indicating the peak, of muscle synergies across force directions depended on the joint angles. Therefore, we suggested that the CNS selects appropriate muscle synergies and controls their activation patterns based on the force-generating capability of muscles with merging or decomposing descending neural inputs.
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Birdwell, J. Alexander, Levi J. Hargrove, Todd A. Kuiken, and Richard F. ff Weir. "Activation of individual extrinsic thumb muscles and compartments of extrinsic finger muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 6 (September 15, 2013): 1385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00748.2012.

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Mechanical and neurological couplings exist between musculotendon units of the human hand and digits. Studies have begun to understand how these muscles interact when accomplishing everyday tasks, but there are still unanswered questions regarding the control limitations of individual muscles. Using intramuscular electromyographic (EMG) electrodes, this study examined subjects' ability to individually initiate and sustain three levels of normalized muscular activity in the index and middle finger muscle compartments of extensor digitorum communis (EDC), flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), as well as the extrinsic thumb muscles abductor pollicis longus (APL), extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), extensor pollicis longus (EPL), and flexor pollicis longus (FPL). The index and middle finger compartments each sustained activations with significantly different levels of coactivity from the other finger muscle compartments. The middle finger compartment of EDC was the exception. Only two extrinsic thumb muscles, EPL and FPL, were capable of sustaining individual activations from the other thumb muscles, at all tested activity levels. Activation of APL was achieved at 20 and 30% MVC activity levels with significantly different levels of coactivity. Activation of EPB elicited coactivity levels from EPL and APL that were not significantly different. These results suggest that most finger muscle compartments receive unique motor commands, but of the four thumb muscles, only EPL and FPL were capable of individually activating. This work is encouraging for the neural control of prosthetic limbs because these muscles and compartments may potentially serve as additional user inputs to command prostheses.
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Lee, Sang Wook, Dan Qiu, Heidi C. Fischer, Megan O. Conrad, and Derek G. Kamper. "Modulation of finger muscle activation patterns across postures is coordinated across all muscle groups." Journal of Neurophysiology 124, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00088.2020.

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We examined how hand muscles adapt to changing external (force direction) and internal (posture) conditions. Muscle activations, particularly of the extrinsic extensors, were significantly affected by postural changes of the interphalangeal, but not metacarpophalangeal, joints. Joint impedance was modulated so that the effects of the signal-dependent motor noise on the force output were reduced. Comparisons with theoretical solutions showed that the chosen activation patterns occupied a small portion of the possible solution space, minimizing the maximum activation of any one muscle.
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Knarr, Brian A., Darcy S. Reisman, Stuart A. Binder-Macleod, and Jill S. Higginson. "Changes in Predicted Muscle Coordination with Subject-Specific Muscle Parameters for Individuals after Stroke." Stroke Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/321747.

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Muscle weakness is commonly seen in individuals after stroke, characterized by lower forces during a maximal volitional contraction. Accurate quantification of muscle weakness is paramount when evaluating individual performance and response to after stroke rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of subject-specific muscle force and activation deficits on predicted muscle coordination when using musculoskeletal models for individuals after stroke. Maximum force generating ability and central activation ratio of the paretic plantar flexors, dorsiflexors, and quadriceps muscle groups were obtained using burst superimposition for four individuals after stroke with a range of walking speeds. Two models were created per subject: one with generic and one with subject-specific activation and maximum isometric force parameters. The inclusion of subject-specific muscle data resulted in changes in the model-predicted muscle forces and activations which agree with previously reported compensation patterns and match more closely the timing of electromyography for the plantar flexor and hamstring muscles. This was the first study to create musculoskeletal simulations of individuals after stroke with subject-specific muscle force and activation data. The results of this study suggest that subject-specific muscle force and activation data enhance the ability of musculoskeletal simulations to accurately predict muscle coordination in individuals after stroke.
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Spudić, Darjan, Darjan Smajla, Michael David Burnard, and Nejc Šarabon. "Muscle Activation Sequence in Flywheel Squats." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063168.

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Background: Muscle coordination is important for rational and effective planning of therapeutic and exercise interventions using equipment that mimics functional movements. Our study was the first to assess muscle coordination during flywheel (FW) squats. Methods: Time-of-peak electromyographic activation order was assessed separately for 8, 4, and 3 leg muscles under four FW loads. A sequential rank agreement permutations tests (SRA) were conducted to assess activation order and Kendall’s tau was used to assess the concordance of activation order across subjects, loads and expected order of activation. Results: SRA revealed a latent muscle activation order at loads 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1, but not at 0.025 kg·m2. Kendall’s tau showed moderate-to-strong concordance between the expected (proximal-to-distal) and the observed muscle activation order only at a load 0.025 kg·m2, regardless of the number of muscles analyzed. Muscle activation order was highly concordant between loads 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 kg·m2. Conclusions: The results show a specific role of each muscle during the FW squat that is load-dependent. While the lowest load follows the proximal-to-distal principle of muscle activation, higher loads lead to a reorganization of the underlying muscle coordination mechanisms. They require a specific and stable muscle coordination pattern that is not proximal-to-distal.
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Liu, Yali, Ligang Qiang, Qiuzhi Song, Mingsheng Zhao, and Xinyu Guan. "Effects of Backpack Loads on Leg Muscle Activation during Slope Walking." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 4890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144890.

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Hikers and soldiers usually walk up and down slopes with a load carriage, causing injuries of the musculoskeletal system, especially during a prolonged load journey. The slope walking has been reported to lead to higher leg extensor muscle activities and joint moments. However, most of the studies investigated muscle activities or joint moments during slope walking without load carriage or only investigated the joint moment changes and muscle activities with load carriages during level walking. Whether the muscle activation such as the signal amplitude is influenced by the mixed factor of loads and grades and whether the influence of the degrees of loads and grades on different muscles are equal have not yet been investigated. To explore the effects of backpack loads on leg muscle activation during slope walking, ten young male participants walked at 1.11 m/s on a treadmill with different backpack loads (load masses: 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg) during slope walking (grade: 0, 3, 5, and 10°). Leg muscles, including the gluteus maximus (GM), rectus femoris (RF), hamstrings (HA), anterior tibialis (AT), and medial gastrocnemius (GA), were recorded during walking. The hip, knee, and ankle extensor muscle activations increased during the slope walking, and the hip muscles increased most among hip, knee, and ankle muscles (GM and HA increased by 46% to 207% and 110% to 226%, respectively, during walking steeper than 10° across all load masses (GM: p = 1.32 × 10−8 and HA: p = 2.33 × 10−16)). Muscle activation increased pronouncedly with loads, and the knee extensor muscles increased greater than the hip and ankle muscles (RF increased by 104% to 172% with a load mass greater than 30 kg across all grades (RF: p = 8.86 × 10−7)). The results in our study imply that the hip and knee muscles play an important role during slope walking with loads. The hip and knee extension movements during slope walking should be considerably assisted to lower the muscle activations, which will be useful for designing assistant devices, such as exoskeleton robots, to enhance hikers’ and soldiers’ walking abilities.
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Oliver, Gretchen D., Audrey Stone, and Jessica Washington. "Hamstring and Gluteal Muscle Activation During the Assessment of Dynamic Movements." International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 21, no. 4 (July 2016): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.2015-0050.

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Recently, sports medicine professionals have shown interest in using dynamic movement assessments to help identify biomechanical risk factors for musculoskeletal injury. Thus the purpose of this study was to propose two movements (single leg step down and single leg lateral hop) that could predict injury and determine if these proposed movements elicited muscle activation of the hamstrings and gluteals. Surface electromyography was employed and muscle activations of the hamstrings and gluteus medius muscles were classified as strong during both the single leg step down (SLSD) and single leg lateral hop (SLLH). Both the hamstrings and gluteus medius muscles are associated with musculoskeletal injury. The SLSD and SLLH cause significantly high muscle activation of both these muscle groups and should be considered for use in dynamic movement assessments.
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Borzelli, Daniele, Stefano Pastorelli, Andrea d’Avella, and Laura Gastaldi. "Virtual Stiffness: A Novel Biomechanical Approach to Estimate Limb Stiffness of a Multi-Muscle and Multi-Joint System." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020673.

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In recent years, different groups have developed algorithms to control the stiffness of a robotic device through the electromyographic activity collected from a human operator. However, the approaches proposed so far require an initial calibration, have a complex subject-specific muscle model, or consider the activity of only a few pairs of antagonist muscles. This study described and tested an approach based on a biomechanical model to estimate the limb stiffness of a multi-joint, multi-muscle system from muscle activations. The “virtual stiffness” method approximates the generated stiffness as the stiffness due to the component of the muscle-activation vector that does not generate any endpoint force. Such a component is calculated by projecting the vector of muscle activations, estimated from the electromyographic signals, onto the null space of the linear mapping of muscle activations onto the endpoint force. The proposed method was tested by using an upper-limb model made of two joints and six Hill-type muscles and data collected during an isometric force-generation task performed with the upper limb. The null-space projection of the muscle-activation vector approximated the major axis of the stiffness ellipse or ellipsoid. The model provides a good approximation of the voluntary stiffening performed by participants that could be directly implemented in wearable myoelectric controlled devices that estimate, in real-time, the endpoint forces, or endpoint movement, from the mapping between muscle activation and force, without any additional calibrations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Muscle activation"

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Ljung, Carl. "Muscle Activation and Movement Coordination." Thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148773.

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The purpose of this project was to empirically develop a method of using electromyography to identify how humans coordinate their muscles during certain sequences of movement and the effect of an injured anterior cruciate ligament to muscle coordination. In this study, more simple movements of the lower extremities are examined and relatively accurate hypothesizes can be made solely based on anatomical theory. However, a general method for electromyographic studies would open up the possibility of exploring muscle coordination in more complex movements. This would facilitate further research in scientific fields such as biomechanics and neurophysiology. Surface electromyography was used to acquire data of muscle activation from the primary muscle groups of the lower extremities, while body movements were recorded using video cameras. The neural signals sampled were rectified for systematic interference by the removal of electrical background noise and by centering the signal baseline. To address the problem of the neural signal pattern being random, a smoothing algorithm called "RMS EMG" that reflects the mean power of the signal was applied. Additionally, a high-pass filter was applied to filter out filter out frequencies outside the range of neural signals in muscles. In order to correlate the body movement sequences with the electromyographic data, the video recordings were compared with activity-time plots of the electromyographic data. By localizing and interpreting local peaks and change of gradients, the motions where structured into distinct phases and the muscle coordination was evaluated. Through investigation of both bilateral and unilateral movements the effects on an injured anterior cruciate ligament were studied. Results showed predominant muscle activation in the knee extensors during squatting and similar motions. Even though the motions included significant hip extension, the hamstrings displayed a nearly constant level of muscle activation throughout the movement. Activation of the muscles occurred simultaneously, but the motion appeared to be primarily executed by the knee extensors. During gait, muscle activation in the gastrocnemius was observed to be significantly higher than in any other muscle prior to the hind foot leaving ground. Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament appeared to cause an increase of muscle activation in the lateral side of the knee extensors compared to the medial side.
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Tomc, Lyn Kathryn. "Role of MEF2 proteins in the activation of the c-jun and MCK genes in skeletal muscle /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/MQ56210.pdf.

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Kyle, Natasha Flemming. "Muscle activation patterns during gait initiation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27147.

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Gait initiation is a temporary movement between upright posture and steady-state gait. The activation of several postural muscles has been identified to precede changes observed in vertical reaction force. Previous research examining gait initiation has concentrated on the electromyographic activity of muscles of the lower limbs. Few studies, however, have looked at recruitment patterns of the muscles of the thigh and trunk. This study was conducted to determine the recruitment patterns and the roles of certain muscles of the trail and lead lower limbs and trunk for the duration from quiet stance to trail leg toe-off. Eleven healthy participants initiated gait with their right leg. Electromyographic data were collected bilaterally from the erector spinae, tensor fasciae latae, adductor magnus and tibialis anterior muscles. In addition, force platform data were recorded for the duration of quiet stance to toe-off of the trail limb. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Peden, Ryan Stephen Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Activation of vascular smooth muscle cells." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medical Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24925.

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Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in the healthy adult arterial wall are a highlydifferentiated cell type with low levels of proliferation. However, when activated these cells can undergo a phenotypic change to become proliferative, migratory and excrete higher levels of extra-cellular matrix. While this cellular change is an essential element of the adaptable vasculature, excessive proliferation of VSMC underpins the development of a number of disease states, including atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. The activation of VSMC is dependent on intracellular signalling pathways broadly altering gene expression. A key feature of this process is the initial potent regulation of transcription factors such as Egr-1, c-Jun and Ets-1, which then drive further transcriptional changes resulting in phenotypic change. The aim of this thesis was to discover novel genes, particularly transcription factors, regulated early upon stimulation and to characterise their contribution to the activation of VSMC. A key stimulus for activation of VSMC is the release of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). A microarray used to explore the effects of FGF-2 exposure demonstrated the extensive nature of transcriptional modulation. In addition, it highlighted a number of transcription factors that were not previously described in VSMC: p8, ATF-4 and SHARP-2. In particular, SHARP-2 was potently upregulated and was reconfirmed in animal models of vascular injury. The subsequent contribution these factors make to VSMC activation was also demonstrated. p8 strongly induced VSMC proliferation, while ATF-4 contributed to cytokine production and SHARP-2 potently downregulated VSMC differentiation markers. A second area that was explored related to a gene known as YRDC, which was found to be upregulated upon stimulation of VSMC. YRDC is highly conserved across almost all cellular life, however its function remains unknown. A number of novel splice variants of YRDC were discovered and demonstrated to be differentially regulated in VSMC upon stimulation. Further work to commence characterising its function showed that it interacts with key ribosomal proteins and most likely plays a role in regulating translation. The discovery of the relevance of these genes to vascular biology in addition to their transcriptional regulation makes an important contribution to increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind vascular remodelling.
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Pettersson, Victor. "Repetitive climbing effect on muscle activation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42144.

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Background. Climbing is growing as a recreational sport worldwide. Climbing is a physically demanding sport requiring well developed strength and endurance. Plenty of studies have been made in the area of climbing in order to understand how the body adapts, which muscles are being used and how to prevent injury. A lot of these studies uses electromyography (EMG), a tool that measures electrical currents in muscles to detect muscle activity, as measurement method in order to do findings within the area. Aim. The aim was to study differences in muscle activation in arm and leg muscles in climbers before and after 40 repeated attempts over two weeks on a boulder problem. Furthermore, correlation between climbing level and change in total measured muscle activation after repeated attempts was assessed. Methods. 15 participants (five women and ten men) participated in this study. Standardized electrode placements and maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) were made for muscles; Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR), Bicep Brachii (BB), Rectus Femoris (RF) and Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL) before each measurement in order to maintain good reliability. Participants repeated a specific climbing route, adapted to the participants climbing ability, 40 times, divided into four sessions over two weeks. Before the first measured attempt the participant got to practice the route twice to get familiar with the moves. Average muscle activation was calculated by dividing the total muscle activation from each muscle with the time it took to complete the climbing route. Peak muscle values were calculated by dividing the highest muscle activation value with the MVIC values to get a %MVIC value. Results. A decrease in average muscle activation for FCR and BB were found (p=0.038, 0.023) whereas an increase in average activation for GL was found (p=0.027). Peak muscle activation showed significant decreases regarding upper extremities FCR and BB (p=0.008, p=0.011) but no significant changes to lower extremities RF and GL. Total average muscular activation regarding all muscles combined showed a general decreased activation (p=0.001). Moderate correlation was found between red-point level and decrease in total average muscle activation (r=0.53). Conclusion. When repeating a climbing route, the climbers muscle activation differs in upper and lower extremities, with a decrease in upper extremities peak and average muscle values, and an increase in GL average muscle values. Repetitions improves technique and muscle memory which could be the reason for the overall decrease in total muscle activation. Hopefully, this study could enrich the climbing world with further knowledge in how to train for climbing.
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Carter, Nicholas James. "Stretch activation in insect fibrillar flight muscle." Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14010/.

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Murtada, Sae-Il. "Smooth muscle modeling activation and contraction of contractile units in smooth muscle /." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11349.

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Simpson, Alec William Michael. "Stimulus-response coupling in smooth muscle." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253500.

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Tan, Yu Yin Nicole Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Gene expression during activation of smooth muscle cells." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Medical Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43615.

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Cardiovascular disease, which involves the cardiac, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular system, is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Changes in the vascular microenvironment trigger cascades of molecular events involving altered signaling, transcription and translation of a gene. The aim of this thesis was to increase our understanding on the molecular regulation of activated vascular smooth muscle cells. The first study looking at PDGF-D expression provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms controlling the phosphorylation of Sp1. Studies performed identified three amino acids in Sp1 (Thr668, Ser670 and Thr681) that is phosphorylated by PKC-zeta activated by AngII. In the second study, the translational regulatory role of a novel gene YrdC induced by injury was investigated. Current knowledge of translational regulators controlling altered gene expression is little and studies in this thesis shows a splice variant of YrdC playing an important role in controlling mRNA translation and thus protein synthesis in the context of injury. The final study investigated in this study was the increased expression of the apoptotic FasL by the activation of GATA6. Although FasL has been extensively studied over the years, this is the first study linking a GATA factor with FasL in any cell type and provides key insights into the transcriptional events underpinning FasL-dependent SMC apoptosis following exposure to AngII.
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De, Nicola Gian Felice. "Stretch activation in muscle : a Ca²+ independent mechanism?" Thesis, Open University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446294.

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Books on the topic "Muscle activation"

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Rüegg, Johann Caspar. Calcium in Muscle Activation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96981-2.

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Calcium in muscle activation: A comparative approach. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Calcium in muscle activation: A comparative approach. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Rüegg, Johann Caspar. Calcium in muscle activation: A comparative approach. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Rüegg, Johann Caspar. Calcium in Muscle Activation: A Comparative Approach. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986.

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Burns, Jennifer. Calcineurin activation is implicated in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 1999.

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Stein, Wendy Karen. a-Adrenoceptors and calcium activation mechanisms in vascular muscle. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1987.

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Drechsler, Wendy Isobel. Quadriceps femoris muscle activation: Evaluation after major knee injury. London: University of East London, 2002.

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McAdams, Richard Philip. Factors modifying activation of alpha-adrenoceptors in smooth muscle. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1986.

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O'Brien, Lee. Expression of c-fos mRNA within rat skeletal muscle in response to nerve-mediated activation. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Muscle activation"

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Pfitzer, G., and J. C. Rüegg. "Smooth Muscle Activation." In Muscle Contraction and Cell Motility, 63–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76927-6_3.

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Stålhand, Jonas, Anders Klarbring, and Gerhard A. Holzapfel. "Modeling of Smooth Muscle Activation." In Computer Models in Biomechanics, 77–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5464-5_6.

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Sketelj, Janez, and Neva Črne-Finderle. "Neural Activation of Muscles Regulates Muscle Acetylcholinesterase Expression." In Structure and Function of Cholinesterases and Related Proteins, 93–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1540-5_13.

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Keshner, Emily A., and John H. J. Allum. "Muscle Activation Patterns Coordinating Postural Stability from Head to Foot." In Multiple Muscle Systems, 481–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9030-5_29.

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Rüegg, D. G., L. Studer, and J. P. Gabriel. "Activation and Contraction of a Muscle." In ICANN ’93, 120–23. London: Springer London, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2063-6_28.

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Ashley, C. C., P. J. Griffiths, T. J. Lea, I. P. Mulligan, R. E. Palmer, and S. J. Simnett. "Barnacle muscle: Ca2+, activation and mechanics." In Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, 149–258. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0035275.

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Aitchison Smith, David. "Cooperative Muscular Activation by Calcium." In The Sliding-Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction, 347–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03526-6_8.

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Festoff, B. W., D. Hantaï, C. Soria, J. Soria, and M. Fardeau. "Plasminogen Activator (PA) in Muscle, Its Activation Post-Denervation." In Proceedings in Life Sciences, 162–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70690-5_32.

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Gielen, Stan, Gerrit-Jan van Ingen Schenau, Toine Tax, and Marc Theeuwen. "The Activation of Mono- and Bi-Articular Muscles in Multi-Joint Movements." In Multiple Muscle Systems, 302–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9030-5_18.

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Kimura, Ikuko, Katsuya Dezaki, Hiroshi Tsuneki, and Masayasu Kimura. "Postsynaptic Nicotinic Receptor Desensitized by Non-Contractile Ca2+ Mobilization (Ramic) via Protein Kinase-C Activation at the Mouse Neuromuscular Junction." In Muscle Relaxants, 382. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66896-1_83.

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Conference papers on the topic "Muscle activation"

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Kutch, Jason J., and Francisco J. Valero-Cuevas. "Complete Solution Sets for Neuromuscular Models Reveal How Mechanical Constraints Limit Neural Control Options." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19430.

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One of the main goals of neuromuscular modeling is to establish the range of feasible muscle activations for a given mechanical output of the body. This is not a trivial problem because there are typically infinitely many combinations of muscle activations that will generate the same joint torques, as most joints are actuated by more muscles than rotational degrees of freedom. Here we show that well-established geometric methods easily provide a complete description of the set of muscle activations that generate a desired set of joint torques or endpoint forces. In contrast to iterative linear programming optimizations, geometric methods provide a set of solutions in muscle activation space simply by converting between the geometric representations of neural and mechanical constraints. As an example, we use geometric methods to find the feasible set of activations that produce fingertip forces in a set of directions. These results show that for a given set of fingertip forces, the range of feasible activation for each muscle can differ with the choice of mechanical constraints. Thus, the mechanical constraints of the task play an important role governing the options the nervous system has when controlling redundant muscles.
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Ueda, Jun, Moiz Hyderabadwala, Ming Ding, Tsukasa Ogasawara, Vijaya Krishnamoorthy, and Minoru Shinohara. "Individual Muscle Control Using an Exoskeleton Robot for Muscle Function Testing." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2675.

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A functionality test at the level of individual muscles by investigating the activity of a muscle of interest on various tasks may enable muscle-level force grading. This paper proposes a new method for muscle function tests using an exoskeleton robot for obtaining a wider variety of muscle activity data than standard motor tasks, e.g., pushing a handle by his/her hand. A computational algorithm systematically computes control commands to a wearable robot with actuators (an exoskeleton robot, or a power-assisting device) so that a desired muscle activation pattern for target muscle forces is induced. This individual muscle control method enables users (e.g., therapists) to efficiently conduct neuromuscular function tests for target muscles by arbitrarily inducing muscle activation patterns. Simulation results justify the use of an exoskeleton robot for muscle function testing in terms of the variety of muscle activity data.
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Beeman, Stephanie M., Andrew R. Kemper, Michael L. Madigan, and Stefan M. Duma. "Effects of Muscle Activation on Occupant Kinematics in Frontal Impacts." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53330.

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Human occupant responses in motor vehicle collisions are commonly predicted and evaluated using computational models and anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). However, these are validated using post mortem human surrogate (PMHS) studies, which do not include the effects of muscle activation. Studies have shown that tensed muscles can change occupant kinematics and subsequently the kinetics during an automotive collision [1,2,3]. Consequently, the resulting injury patterns can be altered based on muscle activation. Continued development and validation of the aforementioned research tools necessitates further analysis of the effects of muscle activation on an occupant’s biomechanical response in car crashes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of muscle tension on the occupant kinematics and kinetics in low-speed frontal sled tests.
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Sharif Razavian, Reza, and John McPhee. "Minimization of Muscle Fatigue as the Criterion to Solve Muscle Forces-Sharing Problem." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9678.

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The application of functional electrical stimulation (FES) to muscles quickly fatigues them. Our research goal is to determine the optimal control of FES signals that delay the fatigue for as long as possible. In this research we have used a physiology-based mathematical model of muscle fatigue, to study the behaviour of a musculoskeletal system during a prolonged exercise. To solve the redundant problem of muscle force sharing, we have used a time-dependent fatigue minimization objective instead of the usual activation-based minimization criteria. Our results showed that muscle co-activation, as seen in natural human motion, does not necessarily minimize muscle fatigue.
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Kurita, Yuichi, Jumpei Sato, Takayuki Tanaka, Minoru Shinohara, and Toshio Tsuji. "Unloading muscle activation enhances force perception." In AH '14: 5th Augmented Human International Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2582051.2582055.

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Jaramillo Cienfuegos, Paola, Garret Burks, Alexander Leonessa, and Nicole Abaid. "Experimental Stimulation of EDL Mouse Muscle With a Small Scale Two-Coil System." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9811.

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As a muscle activation treatment, magnetic stimulation can elicit current flow through appropriate amplitude and frequency to generate electrical currents, which will prompt activation in the muscle tissue. The design of an electromagnetic system serves as an alternative to direct electrical stimulation for treating muscles located deep inside the tissue, such as the laryngeal muscles, stimulated via output-based control systems. Through magnetic induction, we can implement electrical stimulation and target specific muscle activation. In light of this approach, our goal is to incorporate feedback control using an electromagnetic stimulation system. These studies, therefore, focus on assessing a linear Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and two nonlinear controllers, Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC) and an Adaptive Augmented PI (ADP-PI) system, to identify the most appropriate controller providing effective stimulation of the muscle. Our work focuses on the feasibility of our system to carry out in vitro experiments on mouse skeletal muscle and the characterization of the two-coil system for future design of implantable systems in humans.
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Tsuta, Toshio, Takeshi Iwamoto, Toshiyuki Shimizu, and Daisuke Egusa. "Self-Excitation Vocalization Analyses of Vocal Chord Under Breathing Flow and Wide Frequency Change by Muscle Activation." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1559.

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This paper presents some analyses and experiments on vocalizing mechanics in vocal chord due to the breathing flow, and their wide range of frequency change by varing the interior muscle activations. Three dimensional dynamic response of the hyperelastic and finite deformation body of the vocal chord and the interior muscles have been analysed at first and the exclusive FEM system has been developed. The eigen frequencies and vibration characteristics of the vocal chord are analysed by varing the activation level of the interior muscles. The Helmholtz equation of the breathing flow under transient state has been analysed to obtain the pressure pulsation characteristics behind the vocal chord during vocalizing of the source voice. Combining both approaches stated aboves, the mechanics of the self-exciting vibration of the vocal chord have been studied in detail using the root-locus approach. It is also found in the analysis and experiments that the frequency of the self-exciting vibration can be widely varied with the activation level of the interior muscle of the vocal chord, giving rise to a variety of frequency level of the source voice.
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Wang, Zihan, Yingfei Sun, Jiankang Wu, and Kunkun Zhao. "Evaluation of Upper Limb Muscle Function Based on Muscle Activation Sequence." In ICBBB '21: 2021 11th International Conference on Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448340.3448348.

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Li, Jianfeng, Yu Zhou, Mingjie Dong, Ran Jiao, and Liwei Jiang. "Estimation of muscle activation during ankle rehabilitation." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Real-time Computing and Robotics (RCAR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rcar52367.2021.9517360.

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Dyson, Matthew, and Kianoush Nazarpour. "Abstract Decoding using Bayesian Muscle Activation Estimators." In 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2018.8512663.

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Reports on the topic "Muscle activation"

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Good, Cameron H., Thomas Jhou, and Nathan Burnham. Optogenetic Activation of the Sublaterodorsal (SLD) Nucleus Induces Rapid Muscle Inhibition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada625406.

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Jalil, Yorschua, and Ruvistay Gutierrez. Myokines secretion and their role in critically ill patients. A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0048.

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Review question / Objective: 1-How and by which means stimulated muscle from critically ill patients can liberate myokines?, 2-Which are the main characteristics of the critically ill population studied and if some of these influenced myokine´s secretion?, 5-Can myokines exert local or distant effects in critically ill patients?, 5-Which are the potential effects of myokines in critically ill patients? Eligibility criteria: Participants and context: We will include primary studies (randomized or non-randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case report) that consider hospitalized critically ill adult patients (18 years or older) in risk for developing some degree of neuromuscular disorders such as ICU-AW, diaphragmatic dysfunction, or muscle weakness, therefore the specific setting will be critical care. Concept: This review will be focused on studies regarding the secretion or measure of myokines or similar (exerkines, cytokines or interleukin) by any mean of muscle activation or muscle contraction such as physical activity, exercise or NMES, among others. The latter strategies must be understood as any mean by which muscle, and there for myocytes, are stimulated as result of muscle contraction, regardless of the frequency, intensity, time of application and muscle to be stimulated (upper limb, lower limb, thoracic or abdominal muscles). We also will consider myokine´s effects, local or systemic, over different tissues in terms of their structure or function, such as myocytes function, skeletal muscle mass and strength, degree of muscle wasting or myopathies, among others.
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Koh, Timothy J. Enhancement of Skeletal Muscle Repair by the Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator System. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448526.

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Rafaeli, Ada, and Russell Jurenka. Molecular Characterization of PBAN G-protein Coupled Receptors in Moth Pest Species: Design of Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593390.bard.

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The proposed research was directed at determining the activation/binding domains and gene regulation of the PBAN-R’s thereby providing information for the design and screening of potential PBAN-R-blockers and to indicate possible ways of preventing the process from proceeding to its completion. Our specific aims included: (1) The identification of the PBAN-R binding domain by a combination of: (a) in silico modeling studies for identifying specific amino-acid side chains that are likely to be involved in binding PBAN with the receptor and; (b) bioassays to verify the modeling studies using mutant receptors, cell lines and pheromone glands (at tissue and organism levels) against selected, designed compounds to confirm if compounds are agonists or antagonists. (2) The elucidation ofthemolecular regulationmechanisms of PBAN-R by:(a) age-dependence of gene expression; (b) the effect of hormones and; (c) PBAN-R characterization in male hair-pencil complexes. Background to the topic Insects have several closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the pyrokinin/PBAN family, one with the ligand pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide or pyrokinin-2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin-1 as a ligand. We were unable to identify the diapause hormone receptor from Helicoverpa zea despite considerable effort. A third, related receptor is activated by a product of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. The pyrokinin/PBAN family of GPCRs and their ligands has been identified in various insects, such as Drosophila, several moth species, mosquitoes, Triboliumcastaneum, Apis mellifera, Nasoniavitripennis, and Acyrthosiphon pisum. Physiological functions of pyrokinin peptides include muscle contraction, whereas PBAN regulates pheromone production in moths plus other functions indicating the pleiotropic nature of these ligands. Based on the alignment of annotated genomic sequences, the primary and secondary structures of the pyrokinin/PBAN family of receptors have similarity with the corresponding structures of the capa or periviscerokinin receptors of insects and the neuromedin U receptors found in vertebrates. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Evolutionary trace analysisof receptor extracellular domains exhibited several class-specific amino acid residues, which could indicate putative domains for activation of these receptors by ligand recognition and binding. Through site-directed point mutations, the 3rd extracellular domain of PBAN-R was shown to be critical for ligand selection. We identified three receptors that belong to the PBAN family of GPCRs and a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinianubilalis. Functional expression studies confirmed that only the C-variant of the PBAN-R is active. We identified a non-peptide agonist that will activate the PBAN-receptor from H. zea. We determined that there is transcriptional control of the PBAN-R in two moth species during the development of the pupa to adult, and we demonstrated that this transcriptional regulation is independent of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. This transcriptional control also occurs in male hair-pencil gland complexes of both moth species indicating a regulatory role for PBAN in males. Ultimate confirmation for PBAN's function in the male tissue was revealed through knockdown of the PBAN-R using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The identification of a non-peptide agonist can be exploited in the future for the design of additional compounds that will activate the receptor and to elucidate the binding properties of this receptor. The increase in expression levels of the PBAN-R transcript was delineated to occur at a critical period of 5 hours post-eclosion and its regulation can now be studied. The mysterious role of PBAN in the males was elucidated by using a combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques.
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Zagorchev, Plamen, Elisaveta Apostolova, Vesela Kokova, Lyudmil Peychev, Zhivko Peychev, and Milena Draganova-Filipova. Activation of Kv7.2 to Kv7.5 Channels by Retigabine Modulates the Effects of Histamine and 2‑(2‑Pyridyl) Ethylamine on Smooth Muscles. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.10.18.

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Volunteer Kinematics and Reaction in Lateral Emergency Maneuver Tests. SAE International, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-22-0013.

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It is important to understand human kinematics and muscle activation patterns in emergency maneuvers for the design of safety systems and for the further development of human models. The objective of this study was to quantify kinematic behavior and muscle activation in simulated steering tests in several realistic conditions. In total 108 tests were performed with 10 volunteers undergoing purely lateral maneuvers at 5 m/s2 deceleration or simulated lane change maneuvers at 5 m/s2 peak acceleration and peak yaw velocity of 25 °/s. Test subjects were seated on a rigid seat and restrained by a 4-point belt with retractor. Driver subjects were instructed to be relaxed or braced and to hold the steering wheel while passenger subjects were instructed to put their hands on their thighs. Subjects were instrumented with photo markers that were tracked with 3D high-speed stereo cameras and with electromyography (EMG) electrodes on 8 muscles. Corridors of head displacement, pitch and roll and displacement of T1, shoulder, elbow, hand and knee were created representing mean response and standard deviation of all subjects. In lane change tests for the passenger configuration significant differences were observed in mean peak of head left lateral displacement between the relaxed and the braced volunteers, i.e. 171 mm (σ=58, n=21) versus 121 mm (σ=46, n=17), respectively. Sitting in a relaxed position led to significantly lower muscle activity of the neck muscles. It was concluded that significantly more upper body motion and lower muscle activity was observed for relaxed subjects than for braced subjects.
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