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Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Falomo, Jari. "Sviluppo di metodiche innovative nel campo del biomonitoraggio ambientale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3167.

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2007/2008
Il lavoro svolto per il conseguimento del Dottorato di Ricerca mira allo sviluppo di metodiche originali per la determinazione di microinquinanti organici nell’ambiente che possano essere applicate in piani di monitoraggio ambientale su larga scala. Sono state impiegate metodiche analitiche innovative e processi di accumulo e bioaccumulo per mappare la distribuzione ambientale di contaminanti chimici pericolosi ed identificare aree esposte a stress ambientali su cui focalizzare interventi di gestione. Le attività sono state svolte in stretta collaborazione con il Dipartimento Provinciale di Trieste dell’Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia (ARPA FVG). Tale circostanza ha orientato il lavoro verso lo sviluppo di metodologie caratterizzate da economia operativa, sia in termini di tempi d’esecuzione, che di costi e semplicità d’uso. Questo perché i metodi di riferimento richiedono spesso procedure lunghe e/o costose, difficili da affrontare da parte di organi di controllo su cui gravano carichi operativi routinari elevati. In dettaglio il lavoro è stato articolato in due filoni principali distinti. Il primo studio riguarda lo sviluppo di un metodo di analisi di composti organostannici in ambiente marino. Tali sostanze (in particolare il tributilstagno) sono state impiegate per decenni come additivi antivegetativi nelle pitture navali e ad esse è stato attribuito un effetto come modulatori endocrini (endocrine disruptors) su organismi marini. Tra gli effetti più noti di queste sostanze c’è il fenomeno dell’imposex nei gasteropodi marini, ossia l’imposizione di caratteri maschili su individui femmine. Gli attuali metodi di riferimento sono difficoltosi soprattutto in termini di preparazione dei campioni, impedendo così la pianificazione di monitoraggi su larga scala per valutare la presenza ed il bioaccumulo di queste sostanze nell’ecosistema marino. Tali informazioni sono fondamentali per lo sviluppo di modelli interpretativi che mettano in relazione la presenza di questi stressori ambientali con alterazioni fisiologiche negli organismi che ne vengono a contatto. Sono state messe a punto ed ottimizzate delle metodiche automatizzabili ed accurate per la determinazione del tributilstagno e dei suoi prodotti di degradazione in acque, sedimenti e biota, sfruttando la microestrazione in fase solida (SPME) accoppiata alla gascromatografia con rivelazione di massa. Le metodiche sono state validate attraverso l’analisi di materiali di riferimento certificati e la partecipazione, con risultati molto positivi, a circuiti di calibrazione interlaboratorio di livello internazionale. Il metodo applicato alle matrici biologiche è stato testato su ecosistemi della regione Friuli Venezia Giulia, confermando di essere veloce e sensibile e fornendo il territorio di un presidio di controllo efficace anche per questi contaminanti, i cui effetti sull’uomo non sono ancora stati approfonditi. Il secondo studio è stato basato sull’identificazione di metodi di screening tramite campionatori passivi per valutare la presenza di Idrocarburi Policiclici Aromatici aerodispersi nell’ambiente terrestre. Tali inquinanti hanno un’elevata rilevanza ambientale in quanto sono composti praticamente ubiquitari, alcuni dei quali, tra cui il benzo[a]pirene, sono ritenuti carcinogenici o mutagenici. I campionatori passivi, dal costo contenuto e di facile preparazione, consentono di ottenere informazioni sulla presenza di IPA a seguito dell’esposizione per qualche settimana in aria ambiente, presentando il vantaggio di non necessitare né di pompe di aspirazione né di allacciamento alla corrente elettrica. Come bioaccumulatore è stato utilizzato l’Hypnum cupressiforme, specie di muschio già ampiamente utilizzata come accumulatore di metalli grazie alla sua ampia diffusione sul territorio italiano e che si è dimostrato efficiente anche nei confronti degli IPA. Parallelamente è stato sviluppato in maniera innovativa l’impiego di una matrice sintetica costituita da fibre di polietilentereftalato (dacron). La capacità di accumulo delle due matrici è stata testata in alcune sessioni di campionamento, nelle quali campioni di muschi e di dacron sono stati esposti contemporaneamente in due siti della città di Trieste. È stata determinata la ripetibilità dei campionatori passivi ed i dati sono stati confrontati con le concentrazioni di PTS (particolato totale sospeso) ottenute dai campionatori attivi dell’ARPA FVG. Entrambe le matrici si sono rivelate adatte per il monitoraggio di IPA aerodispersi. I Quadrelli (nome dato ai campionatori costituiti da dacron) sono in grado di accumulare una quantità maggiore di IPA in rapporto al loro peso mentre il muschio presenta una migliore capacità di accumulo in rapporto alla superficie esposta. Il muschio, inoltre, ha evidenziato una migliore ripetibilità dei dati ed una migliore correlazione con i dati di IPA ottenuti dall’analisi del particolato totale sospeso. Muschio e Quadrelli sono stati utilizzati per impostare una prima mappatura della provincia di Trieste e della sua zona industriale, fornendo risultati confrontabili ed evidenziando come le maggiori criticità siano legate alle sorgenti antropiche presenti nella parte meridionale della provincia. Dall’esperienza maturata nel corso del lavoro è emersa la necessità di utilizzare, nelle campagne di monitoraggio, griglie di campionamento particolarmente fitte per ottenere il maggior numero di dati utili per l’elaborazione di mappe di distribuzione dettagliate. Questo è possibile grazie al basso costo dei campionatori testati e al fatto che non necessitano né di allacciamenti elettrici né di manutenzione durante la fase di esposizione. Le griglie di monitoraggio basate su campionatori passivi sono un ottimo strumento per integrare le reti di monitoraggio istituzionale, basate su sistemi normati di campionamento attivo (come ad esempio il PM10), estendendo a costi contenuti la base di dati su cui imperniare misure di gestione ambientale.
XXI Ciclo
1976
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2

Muschiol, Jan [Verfasser]. "Engineering of enzymatic redox cascades involving oxygenases / Jan Muschiol." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1108596681/34.

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3

Muschiol, Roman [Verfasser]. "Begegnungsqualität in Bürogebäuden : Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie / Roman Muschiol." Aachen : Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1163610054/34.

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4

Costa, Dirceu. "Estudo eletromiografico do musculo esternocleidomastoideo." [s.n.], 1985. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288233.

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Orientador: Mathias Vitti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Com o auxílio de um eletromiógrafo marca Teca TE4, de duplo canal, e utilizando-se eletrodos de superfície tipo Beckman, o músculo esternocleidomastóideo, de ambos os lados, foi estudado em 30 indivíduos jovens e sadios, na faixa etária de 19 a 28 anos, sendo 15 do sexo masculino e 15 do sexo feminino. Dentre esses indivíduos, 6 apresentavam padrão respiratório do tipo diafragmático, 10 do tipo misto e 14 do tipo costal. Foram encontradas atividades eletromiográficas durante os movimentos de: extensão livre da cabeça; flexão e protração da cabeça, livres e contra-resistência; rotação heterolateral da cabeça; inclinação homolateral da cabeça; inspiração profunda livre; inspiração profunda só pela boca; inspiração profunda só pelo nariz; e inspiração profunda brusca. Os movimentos foram executados nas posições: sentado, em decúbito dorsal, e pedalando uma bicicleta ergométrica, com carga de 1 a 2 kgs e velocidade de 25 a 30 Km/h., durante aproximadamente 15 minutos
Abstract: With the help of a TE4 TECA electromyograph af double channel, and using surface electrodes Beckman type, the sternocleidomastoid muscle of both sides was studied on 30 young and healthy individuaIs from 19 through 28 years old, 15 being male and 15 female. Among these individuaIs, 6 presented respiratory pattern of the diaphragmatic type, 10 of the mixed type and 14 of the costal one. Electromyographic activities were found during the movements of: free extention of the head, free and counter-resistance head and protaction; heterolateral rotation of the head; homolateral bent of the head; free deep inspiration; deep inspiration only through the mouth; deep inspiration only through the nose; and abrupt deep inspiration. The movements were performed in the following positions: sitting, drosal decurnbent and pedaling an ergometric bucycle with 1 to drosal 2 kilo load and 25 to 30 Km/h speed for nearly 15 minutes
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
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5

Paulgerg-Muschiol, Larissa von [Verfasser]. "Wege in die Wohnungslosigkeit : eine qualitative Untersuchung / Larissa von Paulgerg-Muschiol." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101316878X/34.

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6

Muschiol, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Meiofauna in a chemosynthetic groundwater ecosystem: Movile Cave, Romania / Daniel Muschiol." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1036110915/34.

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7

Yu, Tung Fai. "Musculo-skeletal modelling and parameterisation in vivo." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60564/.

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This thesis describes the development of an anatomically meaningful musculo-skeletal model of the human arm, incorporating two modified Hill muscle models representing the elbow flexor and extensor muscles. In vivo experimental methods to determine parameter values are presented. The stimulus for this work was to enable the prediction of movement, to support development of prostheses and orthoses such as Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). A key problem in model based movement studies is that the passive parameter values in the Hill muscle models and the joint had not been experimentally determined in vivo. The result has been an inability for predictive models to generate realistic predictions of human movement dynamics. In the model, movement dynamics of the forearm was described using the Newton-Euler method, which was validated from analysis of physical pendulum. Structural identifiability analyses of the muscle models ensured that values for the model parameters could be uniquely determined from perfect noise free data. A novel experimental procedure termed the passive movement method is described, which exclusively parameterised the model’s passive components. Simulated model dynamics were fitted to measured movements of the freely swinging forearm under gravity. Model values were obtained on an individual subject basis. The average muscle model spring and damping constants for four healthy subjects were 143N/m and 1.73Ns/m respectively. Separately, the force/length characteristics of the muscles’ active component, the contractile element (CE), were obtained from measurements of isometric maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) at different elbow angles. The results for the five healthy subjects showed good agreement with results reported in the literature. A preliminary experiment was performed to predict elbow flexion movement under FES. An electrical stimulus that generated a specified isometric elbow flexion moment (10% of MVC) was applied to generate elbow flexion movement. Simulated FES arm movement was compared with the measured results. The simulated change in elbow angle did not agree with the measured data. A major cause for this was believed to be skin movement causing a change in the current path across the muscle fibres, thus affecting the force generated. The passive movement method described in this thesis filled an important chapter to fully parameterise musculo-skeletal models in vivo. Although in the FES movement experiment, simulated change in elbow angle generated by FES did not agree with measured data, the shape of the dynamic response in the fitted simulated movement showed good agreement with the measured FES movement.
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8

Grosso, Debora Bevilaqua. "Musculo vasto lateral obliquo correlações anatomo-clinicas." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290928.

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Orientador: Fausto Berzin
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Trinta e duas coxas foram dissecadas com o objetivo de se estudar as duas porções do músculo vasto lateral e os respectivos ângulos de inserção na patela, bem como suas relações com as estruturas associadas: retináculo lateral e tracto iliotibial. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o músculo vasto lateral divide se em duas porções: uma longa e proximal, o vasto lateral longo e outra oblíqua e distal, o vasto lateral oblíquo. O músculo vasto lateral oblíquo origina-se da linha áspera do fêmur e septo intermuscular lateral inserindo-se por tendão próprio, o qual dirige-se inferior e lateralmente ao músculo vasto lateral longo, unindo-se a este na borda superolateral da patela, freqüentemente unido à cápsula articular. As fibras distais do músculo vasto lateral oblíquo apresentaram-se interdigitadas no retináculo lateral e tracto iliotibial. A porção superficial do músculo vasto lateral oblíquo mediu em média 8,95cm e as porções distal e proximal do seu ventre muscular distaram respectivamente 2,2cm e 11, 15cm do epicôndilo lateral. Os ângulos de inserção na patela foram, em média, de 13,6 graus para o músculo vasto lateral longo e 50,4 graus para o músculo vasto lateral oblíquo. Através dos resultados, concluímos que o músculo vasto lateral é dividido em duas porções distintas: o músculo vasto lateral longo e o músculo vasto lateral oblíquo. O músculo vasto lateral oblíquo é um importante estabilizador dinâmico da patela e por apresentar suas fibras distais interdigitadas no retináculo lateral e tracto iliotibial confere à essas estruturas estabilizadoras estáticas u!l1 caráter dinâmico, além de exercer por sua angulação, um importante vetor de tração lateral da patela
Abstract: Thirty-two thigh were dissecated to study the two parts of the vastus lateralís and its respective angles of the patella insertion, as well as the relation with the two associated structures as lateral retinaculum and iliotibial tract. According to the results obtained the vastus lateralís muscle is divided into two parts: one long and p roxi mal part, (vastus lateralís longus) and another oblique and distal, (vastus lateralís oblíquos). The vastus lateralís oblíquos muscle originated from the rough line of the femur and lateral intermuscular septum, being inserted for a tendon that goes inferior and lateral to the vastus lateralís longus muscle, joining to it at the superior and lateral patella board, frequently joined to the articular capsule. The distal fibers of the vastus lateralís obliquos presents themselves interdigitated at the lateral retinaculum and iliotibial tract. The superficial part of the vastus lateralís oblíquos muscle measured 8,95cm on average and the distal and proximal parts of its muscle belly had a distance of 2,2cm and 11, 15cm respectively from the lateral epicondilo. The insertion angles at the patella were 13,6 degrees for the vastus lateraris longus muscle and 50,4 degrees for the vastus lateralís oblíquos muscle. From these results, we can conclude that vastus lateralís muscle is dividided into two distinct parts: the vastus lateralís longus muscle and the vastus lateralís oblíquos muscle. The vastus lateralis oblíquos muscle it is an important stabilizer of the patella and for presenting its fibers interdigitated at the lateral retinaculum and iliot~bial tract confers to these static stabilizers structures, dinamic features. Besides to exert an important lateral traction force of the patella , for its angulation
Mestrado
Periodontia
Mestre em Ciências
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9

Patrianova, Marcio Espindola. "Estudo histoquimico do musculo diafragma do coelho." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289765.

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Orientador: Luiz Antonio de Lima Resende
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A histoquímica baseia-se em reações bem estabelecidas em química orgânica ou inorgânica, usadas para dar um produto visível à microscopia óptica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudo normativo do músculo diafragma de coelhas da raça NorfoIk inglesa. A porção costal do músculo diafragma foi estudada pela histoquímica, em diferentes reações, incluindo-se a reação do NADH-TR, com o objetivo de se determinar a distribuição histoquímica de fibras do tipo I, IIA e IIB. Dentre 1037 fibras estudadas, o porcentual de distribuição histoquímica observado foi de fibras tipo 1,57,3 %; tipo IIA, 19,2 %; tipo IIB, 23,4 %. Conforme o esperado, o músculo diafragma da coelha, por sua atividade contínua na respiração do animal, apresenta-se com grande proporção de fibras do tipo I, resistentes à fadiga
Abstract: The histochemistry came from well established organic and inorganic chemical reactions, used for observation of visible products on optic microscopie. This work had as objective the assestment of the normative histochemical data in the costal portion of the diaphragm muscle from Norfolk English rabbits. The muscle specimens were processed by different histochemial reactions, and the normal distribution of I, IIA and IIB muscle fibers were established from analysis of the NADH-TR reaction. From 1,037 muscle fibres counted, we found 57,3 % of the type I, 19,2 % of the type IIA and 23,4 % of the type IIB. These results are expected, because the diaphragm muscle has a continuous activity during all the life of the animals, and so, need a high proportion of the oxidative type I fibres, resistent to the fadigue
Mestrado
Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
Mestre em Odontologia
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10

Van, Den Abbeele Maxim. "Modélisation Musculo-Squelettique Personnalisée du Rachis Cervical." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0037.

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Dans le cadre du programme scientifique de chaire BiomecAM, la modélisation musculo-squelettique du rachis cervical répond à différents besoins: comprendre les mécanismes d’endommagement de cette structure fonctionnelle essentielle, améliorer la prévention des pathologies, aider à la conception de nouveaux dispositifs (orthèses ou implants) et planification de traitements orthopédiques et chirurgicaux. De grandes avancées ont été faites ces dernières années pour progresser vers la modélisation personnalisée: des approches innovantes pour générer des maillages en éléments finis efficaces, des moyens d’analyse quantitative in vivo pour personnaliser les propriétés mécaniques du disque intervertébral et du système musculaire, des premières modélisations pertinentes de la commande neuro-motrice d’activation musculaire.L’objectif de cette thèse est de s’appuyer sur ces avancées pour proposer une modélisation musculo squelettique personnalisée du rachis cervical intact, lésé et restauré chirurgicalement, dans le but de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de dégénération du rachis cervical et d’évoluer vers un outil de planification de traitements orthopédiques et chirurgicaux s’appuyant sur cette modélisation personnalisée
Within the context of the scientific program chaired by BiomecAM, the musculoskeletal modelling of the cervical spine responds to various needs: understanding the damage mechanisms to this functional and essential structure, augmenting the efficiency level of pathology prevention, contributing to the design of new medical devices (orthoses or implants) and enabling orthopaedic and surgical treatment planning. Strong advancements have been made during the recent past years to evolve towards personalised modelling: innovative finite element mesh generation methods, in vivo quantitative analysis techniques to personalise the assignment of material properties to the intervertebral disc and the muscular system and preliminary models incorporating muscle activation have been developed.The aim of this PhD project is to exploit these scientific advancements to evolve towards a personalised musculoskeletal model of the intact, degenerated and instrumented cervical spine, thus contributing to the understanding of the degeneration mechanisms of the cervical spine and offering a means of orthopaedic and surgical treatment planning
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11

BONNETTE, GRANONE CATHERINE. "Les pasteurelloses d'inoculation et l'echographie musculo-tendineuse." Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO0104.

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12

Noone, Gregory P. "Biomechanical modelling of some musculo-skeletal problems /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn817.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Applied Mathematics, 1994.
Copies of author's previously published articles inserted at back. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-220).
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13

Dempsey, George John. "Modelling the musculo-skeletal system using myoelectric signals." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329565.

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14

Bonsi, Andrea Beatriz. "Estudo do musculo palmar longo numa população brasileira." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289766.

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Orientador: Luiz Antonio de Lima Resende
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Presença ou ausência do músculo palmar longo foi analisada em peças anatômicas de 120 antebraços humanos, e em 400 antebraços de 200 voluntários normais, cujo tendão foi estudado por método fotográfico. Os 200 voluntários eram 176 brancos, 19 amarelos e 5 negros. Dentre os 520 antebraços analisados, agenesias do músculo palmar longo foram observadas 86 vezes (16,5 %). Agenesias do músculo palmar longo foram ligeiramente mais prevalentes à esquerda do que à direita (l7_6 contra 15,4 %_ respectivamente). Agenesias não foram observadas em 10 uantebrnços de 5 negros, ocorreram em 4 dentre 38 antebraços de orientais (1 0_5%) e em 62 dentre 352 antebraços de brancos (17,6 %). Estas .difeIenças .interraciais foram.descritas na literatura. Agenesias somente à esquerda ocorrer_ mais no sexo feminino de acordo com algumas citações na literatura. Agenesias à esquerda ocorreram mais emdextros.mas não foi possível estabelecer correlações seguras entre agenesias do músculo palmar longo e dominância motora
Abstract: Agenesis of the palmaris longus musc1e was analyzed in 520 forearms obtained by anatomical dissection (120) and photographically in normal volunteers (400). Agenesis was found in 86 ofthe 520 forearms (16.5 %). Agenesis was slightly more prevalent on the left side than the right (17.6% against 15.4 %, respectively). Agenesis was not observed in all1 O for earmsofthe 5 black volunteers, was found in 4 ofthe 38 forearms from Oriental volunteers (10.5%), andin 62 forearms of352 white volunteers (17.6 %). These international difference sllgfee with literature. Left side agenesis occUITed on1y in females. This is in agreement with some published papers. Left side agenesis occulted only in the right-handed volunteers, but it wasn't possible to establish precise capitulations between agenesis of the palmaris longus musc1e and motor dominance
Doutorado
Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
Doutor em Ciências
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15

AMORE, EMANUELA. "Caratterizzazione della Galectina-3 nel crosstalk muscolo scheletrico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278280.

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La galectina-3 (Gal-3) è una lectina pleiotropica che interagisce con diverse proteine intracellulari ed extracellulari influenzando numerosi processi biologici ed è coinvolta in diverse condizioni fisiologiche e patofisiologiche. Nonostante il tema della Gal-3 sia stato molto studiato, alcuni meccanismi d’azione rimangono ancora non completamente compresi tra cui i meccanismi molecolari nello spazio intra ed extracellulare e la relazione tra questi meccanismi, nonché il ciclo regolatorio ad essi associato. Poiché è ben descritto che la Gal-3 è ampiamente espressa sia nell'osso in via di sviluppo che in quello maturo e che la sua espressione è sotto il controllo del regolatore principale della crescita ossea RUNX2, ciò potrebbe suggerire che Gal-3 possa essere un attore chiave in tutte le fasi del metabolismo osseo. Inoltre, Molti tipi di patologie ossee sono sorprendentemente correlati a gravi danni che colpiscono i tessuti associati all'osso. In particolare, è ben noto che ossa e muscoli sono stati recentemente identificati come organi endocrini, che secernono citochine e chemochine, attraverso le quali interagiscono per promuovere la formazione, la riparazione e il mantenimento dell'osso nel cross talk muscolo-scheletrico. Per questo, l'obiettivo generale del nostro studio è stato quello di definire il ruolo di Gal-3 prodotta sul tessuto osseo e il suo possibile coinvolgimento nel cross-talk muscolo scheletrico. In primo luogo, abbiamo riscontrato un aumento dell'espressione di Gal-3 durante la differenziazione miogenica e verificata la sua secrezione nel terreno di coltura. Successivamente abbiamo studiato l'effetto della Gal-3 ricombinante, che imita la Gal-3 extracellulare secreta dalle cellule muscolari, durante la differenziazione degli osteoblasti, che risulta nell’inibizione dell'osteogenesi. Al fine di identificare le principali classi di proteine modulate da Gal-3, abbiamo analizzato l'intero proteoma di osteoblasti differenziati in presenza della Gal-3 ricombinante, mediante spettrometria di massa. Successivamente abbiamo valutato i meccanismi di segnalazione a valle della stimolazione extracellulare della Gal-3, con un approccio protein array basato sia su proteine fosforilate che su molecole metaboliche coinvolte nel metabolismo osseo. Inoltre, attraverso un ECM Adhesion Array, abbiamo monitorato l'impatto della Gal-3 sulla capacità degli osteoblasti di interagire con le proteine della matrice extracellulare, valutando integrine specifiche della superficie cellulare e molecole di adesione. Presi insieme, i nostri risultati mostrano che la Gal-3 extracellulare regola negativamente la rigenerazione ossea inibendo vie di segnalazione come AKT / mTor pathway o la segnalazione mediata dalle BMP. Infine, per dimostrare che questi risultati sono legati alla galectina -3 extracellulare prodotta dalle cellule muscolari, abbiamo eseguito esperimenti di co-coltura tra mioblasti e osteoblasti in cui la Gal-3 delle cellule muscolari è stata silenziata o overespressa.
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a pleiotropic lectin that interacts with different intracellular and extracellular proteins influencing numerous biological processes and it is involved in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Although the topic of galectin has been extensively studied, it is still not completely elucidated, particularly with regard to the molecular mechanisms of the various activities in the intra- and extracellular space, and their relationship, as well as the associated regulatory cycle. Since it is well described that Gal-3 is widely distributed both in the developing and mature bone and that its expression is under control of the master regulator of bone growth RUNX2, it could suggest that Gal-3 may be a key player in all stages of bone metabolism. Many types of bone pathologies are strikingly related to severe damage inputs affecting the bone-associated tissues. In particular, it is well recognized that bone and muscle have recently been identified as endocrine organs, that secrete cytokines and chemokines, through which they interact each other to promote bone formation, repair and maintenance in the bone-muscle cross talk. For that, the general aim of our study was to define the role of muscle-derived Gal-3 on bone tissue and its possible involvement in skeletal muscle crosstalk. First, we found an increase of Gal- 3 expression during myogenic differentiation and recorded that it secreted in the culture medium. Next we investigated the effect of recombinant Gal-3, which mimics the extracellular Gal-3 secreted by muscle cells, during osteoblast differentiation, resulting in inhibition of osteogenesis. In order to identify the main classes of proteins modulated by Gal-3, we analyzed the entire proteome of differentiated osteoblasts in presence of recombinant Gal-3, through Mass Spectrometry. Afterwards we evaluate the signaling mechanisms downstream the extracellular Gal-3 stimulation, either with a protein array approach based on phosphorylated proteins or metabolic molecules involved in bone metabolism. Moreover, through an ECM Adhesion Array kit, we monitored the impact of Gal-3 on the ability of osteoblasts to interact with extracellular matrix proteins, evaluating specific cell surface Integrins and Adhesion molecules. Taken together, our findings show that extracellular Gal-3 negatively regulates bone regeneration inhibiting fundamental pathways such as AKT / mTor pathway or BMPs signaling. Finally, to demonstrated that these results are linked to extracellular galectin -3 produced by muscle cells, we performed co-colture experiment between myoblasts and osteoblasts in which Gal-3 of muscle cells has been silenced or overexpressed.
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16

Zanin, Marika. "Identificazione dei recettori specifici per S1P nel muscolo soleo di ratto. Ruolo dei derivati della sfingomielina sul trofismo del muscolo scheletrico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425183.

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S1P is a bioactive metabolite of Sphingomyelin implicated in many biological processes, including growth and proliferation. This molecule can function intracellularly, as a second messenger, or extracellularly, activating S1P receptors present on the cell surface. Skeletal muscle express all the enzymes that compose the Sphingomyelin pathway, that create sphingolipids as demonstrated by the high levels in the T tubular system of Sphyngomyielin and Sphingosine (Sph, precursor of S1P) and by a great activity of sphingomyelinase, that catalyses the first step in the pathway. The sphingolipid derivates are also present at high concentration on blood, and thus skeletal muscle is steadily controlled by these factors. The first part of this research aimed to study the expression and the localization of S1P receptors in rat skeletal muscle. RT-PCR and Western Blot analyses demonstrated the expression of S1P1 and S1P3 receptors in adult soleus muscle. Immunofluorescence revealed that both S1P1 and S1P3 receptors are localized at the cell membrane of muscle fibers and in the T-tubule membranes, but only S1P1 receptor is present at higher expression at the neuromuscular junction. Both the receptors have been found also to decorate the nuclear membrane and to be expressed in the satellite cells. As the presence of S1P1 and S1P3 on skeletal muscle seemed to suggest a possible physiological action of S1P, thus the second part of the research aimed to investigate the possibility that S1P acts as trophic factor. It was studied the action of S1P and Sph by means of the model of atrophy induced by the denervation and the model of in vivo regeneration. During soleus muscle denervation, S1P was continuously delivered through a mini osmotic pump. S1P and Sph, significantly attenuated the progress of denervation-induced muscle atrophy. In other experiments the trophic effect of Sph was prevented by N, N-dimethylsphingosine, an inhibitor of Sph kinase, the enzyme that phosphorylates Sph to S1P, implying that Sph acts by previous transformation in S1P. Neutralization of circulating S1P by a specific antibody, worsen the atrophy, corroborating the trophic effect of S1P during denervation. It has also been demonstrated that S1P and Sph incremented the Myogenin and MyoD expression, and this transcriptional factors, as supposed by others, contrasted the atrophy progression. S1P and Sph also attenuated the slow-to-fast MyHC transformation due to inactivity. Denervation of rat soleus muscle, analyzed 7 and 14 days after motor nerve cut, produced the down regulation of S1P1 and S1P3 receptors, while treatment with S1P and Sph had no effect on their expression. The presence of S1P1 and S1P3 on satellite cells, probably implies function of S1P during regeneration. First, it was studied the time course expression of both receptors during regeneration of rat soleus muscle, induced by bupivacaine. During the first week of regeneration S1P1 expression, initially low, gradually increased, while S1P3, initially high, gradually decreased. These data suggest that S1P1 and S1P3 have distinct roles during regeneration. The direct injection into the regenerating muscle of S1P and Sph determinated an increase in the growth rate of regenerating fibers. In fact, in the presence of S1P and Sph, the mean cross sectional area of the 3-days regenerating fibers was significantly higher compared to the controlateral not injected regenerating muscle. The treatments also increased Akt phosphorylation level, suggesting an augment in the protein synthesis. In conclusion, the results indicate that S1P plays a significant role in the trophism and development of muscle fiber.
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17

Gobbi, Greice Bracht. "Sintomas musculo-esqueleticos relacionados ao trabalho em cirurgiões-dentistas." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313456.

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Orientador: Neusa Maria Costa Alexandre
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: presente pesquisa teve a finalidade de contnDuir para o conhecimento da ocorrência de distúrbios osteomusculares nos cirurgiões-dentistas no Brasil. Para isto, pretendeu-se identificar a prevalência de sintomas músculo-esqueléticos relacionados ao trabalho no cirurgião-dentista, bem como a sua localização corporal, aspectos de qualidade de vida e tarefas do trabalho odontológico percebidas como fatigantes. Participaram do estudo 165 dentistas que exercem atividade profissional junto à Prefeitura Municipal de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os sujeitos que aceitaram fazer parte da pesquisa assinaram uma carta de consentimento informado. Foi utilizado um questionário auto-aplicável composto por quatro partes, contendo questões sobre dados gerais e ocupacionais; sintomas músculo-esqueléticos, qualidade de vida e elementos do trabalho percebidos como mais fatigantes para o sistema músculo-esquelético. Os instrumentos compreenderam um inventário sobre Dados Gerais e Ocupacionais, uma adaptação da parte geral do Questionário Nórdico; o questionário genérico de avaliação da qualidade de vida (SF-36) e a escala RPE (Rating ofPerceived Exertion) de Borg. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva das variáveis dos quatro instrumentos. Tomando-se como base o instrumento de sintomas músculo-esqueléticos, estipulou-se comparar dois grupos de sujeitos: os que apresentassem dor nos últimos 12 meses e os que não apresentassem sintomas independentemente das regiões corporais afetadas. Posteriormente, os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, e comparados, quanto à presença ou não de sintomas nos úhimos 12 meses especificamente nas regiões cervical, punhos e mãos, lombar, torácica e ombros, que foram escolhidas devido à sua maior ocorrência. Foi realizado para a análise dos resultados o teste Qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas e o teste de Mann- Whitney para as variáveis contínuas e também uma análise de regressão logística multivariada para identificar os fatores de risco contidos no instrumento de dados gerais e ocupacionais que pudessem ser associados a dor músculo-esquelética. Primeiramente foi realizada a análise de regressão independentemente das regiões corporais e posteriormente . especificando-se as regiões cervica1, punhos e mãos, lombar, torácica e ombros. O nível de significância adotado para as análises estatísticas foi de 5%. Dos participantes, 92,7% referiram algum tipo de sintoma osteomuscular nos últimos 12 meses. As regiões corporais mais afetadas foram: cervica1 (67,3%), punhos e mãos (63%), lombar (62,4%), torácica (61,2%) e ombros (58,8%). Verificou-se que o sexo feminino apresentou ser um fator de risco para a referência de dor osteomuscular independentemente da região corporal (p=O,00005) e especificamente para as regiões cervical (p=0,0078), torácica (P=0,04) e punhos e mãos (p=O,0006). Observou-se também que quanto menor o tempo de atuação profissional maior o risco de apresentar sintomas músculo-esqueléticos (OR= 0,9, p=O,03) embora os resultados referentes a sexo e tempo de atuação profissional podem ter sofrido interferência de um viés de seleção da amostra. Atividade física para a região de punhos e mãos (p=O,04) e receber ajuda de auxiliar para as regiões de punhos e mãos (p=O,OI) e torácica (p=O,003) apresentaram ser fatores de proteção para o aparecimento destas desordens. Os dentistas que referiram dor osteomuscular apresentaram, através do questionário genérico de qualidade de vida (SF-36), escores afetados negativamente nos domínios: dor, estado geral de saúde, vitalidade, aspectos sociais e saúde mental quando comparados com a população normal da cidade de São Paulo. Quanto aos elementos do trabalho percebidos como mais fatigantes para o sistema músculo-esquelético, o movimento "Tronco e pescoço girados ao mesmo tempo para visão direta e outros procedimentos" e o ato operatório "Cirurgia" foram os elementos que apresentaram escores mais altos. Os resultados deste estudo confirmam a severidade dos problemas na profissão do cirurgião-dentista e reforça a necessidade de novas pesquisas ergonômicas nesta área, pois outros fatores como aspectos psicossociais, ambientais e de organização do trabalho odontológico podem estar influenciando no desenvolvimento de sintomas músculo-esqueléticos nos cirurgiões-dentistas
Abstract: The purpose ofthe present research was to contribute for the knowledge ofmusculoskeletal disorders in Brazilian dentists, represented by a sample. That's why; we intended to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms to the dentist work, as well as bis corporallocation, quality oflife aspects and odontological tasks perceived as stressfull. 165 dentists that work at the Municipal Prefecture of a São Paulo city participated in the research. The people that accepted to take a part of this research signed an informed consent letter. A four-section self-applied questionnaire was used and was composed by general and occupational datas, musuloskeletal symptoms, quality of life and odontological tasks perceived as stressfull. It was composed by one General and Occupational Data, one adaptation of the general part of Nordic Questionnaire, the generic questionnaire for evaluation of quality of life (SF-36) and the RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) Borg's scale. A descriptive analysis of the variables that composed the four sections was made. Using the data obtained with the Nordic Questionnaire the subjects were divided in two groups: the ones that reported having pain in the Iast 12 months and the ones that report no symptoms in the body parts represented in the instrumento Neck, hands and wrists, back, thoracic and shoulders were the body parts that were most referred by the subjects. For each of these parts, subjects were divided in two groups and compared in reIation to the presence or absence of musculoskeletal symptoms in that part of the body. The Q-square test or Exact Fisher test was applied to the categorical variables, Mann- Whitney test was applied to the continuous variables and the Multivarieted Logistic Regression was used to identify the risk factors contained in the General and Occupational questionnaire that were associated with musculoskeletal pain. First, it was made an analysis independent1y of the body parts. Then, it was made an ana1ysis specifying the body parts. 5% Statistic significance was used. 92,7% referred some kind of musculoskeletal symptoms in the last 12 months. The most affected body parts were: neck (67,3%), wrists and hands (63,0%), back (62,4%), thoracic (61,2%) and shoulders (58,8%). It was found tOOt ''female'' is a risk factor for the reference of osteomuscular pain independently of the body part (p=0,00005) , and specifically for the cervical region (p=O,0078), thoracic (p=O,04) e wrists and hands p=O,0006). It was found also that the less the subject has been working as a dentist the greater the risk of occurring musculoskeletal symptoms (OR=O,9, p=O,03), although the results concerning sex and time working as a dentist may have been influenced by a sample selection bias. ''Physica1 activity", in relation to wrists and hands (p=O,04) and ''receiving help from an assistant", in relation to wrists and hands (p=O,OI) and to thoracic (P=O,003), appeared to protect from the symptoms. The dentists that referred osteomuscular pain presented, in the SF-36, negatively affected scores in the following domains: pain, general hea1th, vitality, social aspects and mental hea1th when compared to the normal population of São Paulo City. "Trunk and neck bented at the same time for direct view and other procedures" movement and "Surgery" operatory act were the work elements perceived as the most stressfull The resu1ts of the present study confirmed the severity of the dentists' problems and indicated the necessity of more ergonomical researches in this area, because factors like psychosocial an environmental aspects and odontological work system may be influencing in the development of musculoskeletal symptoms in the dentists
Mestrado
Mestre em Enfermagem
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18

Pena, Paulo Gilvane Lopes. "LER la première épidémie d'origine robotique ? : une étude sur la robotique gestionnaire, l'organisation du travail dans les hypermarchés et la santé." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0137.

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19

Mônica, Ferraz Teixeira de Barros Karla. "Desnutrição neonatal: aspectos estruturais e biomecânicos do desenvolvimento da atividade locomotora em ratos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9066.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Para avaliar os efeitos da desnutrição neonatal sobre o desenvolvimento motor, foram avaliadas a ontogênese dos reflexos, a atividade locomotora e as propriedades mecânicas dos músculos esqueléticos. Ratos Wistar foram divididos em grupos normais e desnutridos, de acordo com a dieta oferecida as lactantes durante o período de aleitamento (1° ao 21° dias p6s-natais - PN). Ap6s o desmame, os filhotes receberam dieta normal. A avaliação dos reflexos foi realizada diariamente, ate o 21° PN. A atividade locomotora foi avaliada no 8°, 14°, 17° e 21° PN. A avaliação biomecânica dos diferentes componentes do musculo ( contrátil/CC, elástico em serie/CES e elástico em paralelo/CEP) foi realizada oas 25 e 90 PN, nos músculos solear e extensor longo dos dedos (EDL). Uma análise histoquímica (coloração ATPase) foi também realizada. A desnutrição induziu atrasos na maturação dos reflexos de aversão ao precipício, geotaxia negativa, endireitamento em queda livre, colocação pelas vibrissas e resposta ao susto. A atividade locomotora sofreu alterações devido a desnutrição: encontrou-se redução na distância e velocidade no 8° e 14° PN, seguida por um aumento aos 17 e 21 PN. O tempo de imobilidade mostrou-se reduzido nos desnutridos aos 17 e 21 PN. A análise biomecânica demonstra que a desnutrição induziu a: redução da força em ambos os músculos estudados, aumento na velocidade máxima de encurtamento aos 25 dias em ambos os músculos, aumento na resistência a fadiga no solear a 25 PN, e aumento na resistência ao estiramento passivo em ambos os músculos, aos 25 PN. Os parâmetros do CES não foram afetados. Não se observaram diferenças em relação a proporção de tipos de fibra musculares, porem a desnutrição induziu a uma redução na área de secção transversa, com exceção do EDL aos 25 PN. Os resultados permitem concluir que as modificações observadas em algumas propriedades mecânicas tem origem na desnutrição imposta no período neonatal, sendo provavelmente devidas a alterações nos processos de maturação muscular. As influencias dos retardos nos processos de maturação sobre o desenvolvimento e organização da atividade locomotora são aqui discutidas
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20

Corat, Marcus Alexandre Finzi 1975. "Interação FAK/SHP-2 influencia na miogenese do musculo esqueletico." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310232.

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Orientador: Kleber Gomes Franchini
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Miogênese é um processo altamente ordenado que compromete e direciona células indiferenciadas para um programa de células musculares. Este processo envolve a transição de um alto nível de atividade mitótica, motilidade e período de sobrevivência das células para um período que o ciclo celular é interrompido e começa a expressão de genes músculo-específicos, reconhecimento célula-célula, assim como, formação de miotubos multinucleados. Embora estudos prévios tenham definido extensivamente o mecanismo de miogênese no nível transcricional e identificado genes envolvidos neste programa de diferenciação, tais como: MyoD, Myogenin, Myf-5 e MRF4, assim como, genes mais tardios como MHC, MCK, entre outros; o mecanismo intracelular envolvido com o processo inicial da miogênese permanece pouco entendido. Estudos mostram o envolvimento de proteínas da matriz-extracelular acopladas a receptores integrinas na célula, que quando estimulados, desencadeiam um processo de sinalização através do citoplasma em direção ao núcleo celular. Um papel crítico dessas proteínas sinalizadoras, em sua maioria proteínas tirosina-quinase (PTKs), tem sido evidenciado quanto a sua participação na progressão da miogênese, entre elas podemos destacar MAPKs (ERKI e ERK2), PI3K, PKB/AKT, Integrin, FAK e CASo Apesar destas proteínas aparecerem proeminentes no programa de miogênese, quando estas são superexpressadas ou forçadamente ativadas, o programa de miogênese é interrompido. Isto ressalta a importância de atividade regulatória sobre estas proteínas para o desencadeamento normal do programa de miogênese. Estas proteínas sendo tirosinaquinase- dependentes podem vir a ser reguladas por proteínas tirosina-fosfatases (PTPs). O involvimento de PTPs no programa de miogênese é ainda pouco explorado. No presente estudo, através da utilização de dois modelos, nós focamos a atenção na etapa de regulação da sinalização da proteína tirosina-quinase FAK através da interação com a PTP SHP-2 no período inicial do programa de miogênese. Foi proposta a interação FAK/SHP-2 como um fator crucial para a regulação da Y397 da FAK no período inicial da miogênese. Além de ter reforçado a importância da regulação da FAK para o progresso do programa de diferenciação mioblástica
Abstract: Myogenesis is a highly ordered process tOOtcommits and directs undifferentiated cells into a muscle cell program. This process involves the transition of a high level of mitotic activity, motility and survival of the cell to a period when the cell cycle is disrupted and starts the expression of muscle-specific genes, cell-cell recognition as well as multinucleated myotube formation. Although previous studies have defined extensively the mechanisms of myogenesis at the transcription level and identified early- genes involved on this difIerentiation process such as MyoD, Myogenin, Myf5, MRF4 as well as advanced-genes such as MHC, MCK and others, the intracellular mechanisms engaged on the start of myogenesis remain to this day poorly understood. Some reports show the involvement of extracellular-matrix proteins engaged at integrins receptors of the cell. When such are stimulated, they start a signaling process through cytoplasm toward nucleus. A critical role those signaling proteins, which mostly are tyrosine kinases proteins (PTKs), OOvebeen evident to play on the myogenesis progression, among them, we can stand out MAPKs (ERKI and ERK2), PI3K, PKB/AKT, Integrin, FAK, CASo Despite PTKs figuring prominently in myogenesis, when they are overexpressed or pushed up in their activity, the miogenesis program is impaired. This stands up the importance of regulatory role of these proteins to normal miogenesis program. These PTKs may be regulated by proteins tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs). The engagement of PTPs into the myogenesis program has not been highly explored. In this report, by using two approaches, we OOvefocused on the step of signaling regulation of protein tyrosine-kinase FAK by PTP-SHP-2 on the early stage of myogenesis. We propose the FAK/SHP-2 complex as a crucial factor to regulate the FAK Y397 in this period. Indeed, we corroborated the importance of FAK regulation to the myoblastic differentiation progress
Doutorado
Ciencias Basicas
Doutor em Clínica Médica
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21

Zeilmann, Patricia Pereira. "Avaliação do musculo temporal por meio de ressonancia magnetica nuclear." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288829.

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Orientadores: Fausto Berzin, Eduardo Grossmann
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O presente trabalho empregou o exame de ressonância magnética nuclear do músculo temporal para verificar se existia, ou não, diferenças quanto ao gênero e lado bem como na tentativa de diferenciá-lo de um músculo denominado esfenomandibular. Foram avaliados 20 voluntários, 10 do gênero feminino e 10 do masculino, assintomáticos para cefaléia, disfunção temporomandibular, parafunção oclusal, dor articular e/ou muscular durante atividades funcionais e/ou dor muscular ao acordar, com idades entre 18 e 46 anos. Os voluntários foram submetidos a uma anamnese, a um exame clínico da cavidade bucal, das articulações temporomandibulares, dos músculos da região e dos nervos cranianos, seguido de um exame de ressonância magnética nuclear. As imagens foram realizadas em cortes sagitais, coronais e axiais. Os dados obtidos foram registrados em uma ficha clínica. Posteriormente foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados. O músculo temporal apresentou duas partes distintas, uma profunda e outra superficial, sendo que a profunda mostrou-se sempre maior. O volume do músculo esquerdo apresentou-se maior que o direito e a profundidade do direito apresentou-se maior que a do esquerdo, ambos independentes do gênero. No masculino observou-se que tal músculo apresentava maior volume e profundidade que o feminino. Dentro das condições desse estudo, concluiu-se que o exame de ressonância magnética nuclear possibilitou identificar a região estudada como sendo músculo temporal e não músculo esfenomandibular
Abstract: This study used the nuclear magnetic resonance of the temporalis muscle to check if there was or not gender and side differences and in an attempt to differentiate it from a muscle called sphenomandibularis. We evaluated 20 volunteers, 10 females and 10 males, with no symptoms of headache, temporomandibular disorders, occlusal parafunction, joint pain and / or muscle during functional activities and / or muscle pain on waking, aged between 18 and 46 years. The volunteers underwent a medical history, a clinical examination of the buccal cavity, temporomandibular joints, muscles of the region and the cranial nerves, followed by an examination of nuclear magnetic resonance. The images were taken in sagittal, coronal and axial slices. The data were recorded in a clinical record. It was later performed a descriptive analysis of data. The temporalis muscle had two distinct parts, one deep and one superficial and the deep was always greatest. The volume of muscle left was larger than the right and the depth of the right was higher than the left, both independent of gender. In male was observed that this muscle has greater volume and depth than females. Under the conditions of this study, it was concluded that the examination of nuclear magnetic resonance enabled identified this region as being the temporalis muscle and not sphenomandibularis muscle
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
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22

Failloux, Agathe. "Blépharopoi͏̈ese supérieure : une nouvelle méthode avec expansion musculo-cutanée préalable." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25014.

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23

Bensamoun, Sabine. "Détermination des propriétés mécaniques et morphologiques du tissu musculo-squelettique." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1479.

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Des techniques ultrasonores et mécaniques ont été utilisées pour déterminer les propriétés mécaniques, acoustiques et élastiques passives d'échantillons osseux (os cortical humain) et musculaires (soleus de rat). Ces différents tests ont été réalisés aux échelles macroscopiques (ostéons, muscles isolés) et microscopiques (lamelles osseuses, fibres musculaires). Parallèlement une caractérisation des propriétés morphologiques (porosité, diamètre des pores, surface des fibres) et biochimiques (degré de minéralisation, analyse du contenu d'hydroxyproline et de titine) de ces deux tissus a été obtenue via l'utilisation de différents microscopes, micro scanner et électrophorèses. L'analyse des propriétés mécaniques mesurées aux échelles microscopiques a permis d'expliquer certaines modifications enregistrées aux échelles macroscopiques. Cette étude a également permis de mettre en évidence de fortes corrélations entre les propriétés mécaniques et morphologiques pour ces deux tissus
Different ultrasonic and mechanical techniques were performed in order to determine the mechanical (Young modulus, elastic coefficients), acoustic (velocity) and passive elastic (dynamic, static forces and stresses) properties of bone (human cortical bone) and muscle (soleus of rat) samples. These different tests were performed at the macroscopic (osteons, isolated muscles) and microscopie (osteon lamellae, muscle fibers) levels. Additionally, the morphologie al (porosity, pores diameters, fibers surfaces) and biochemical (degree of mineralization, content of hydroxyproline and titin) properties were determined with microscopes (optical, environmental), micro QCT and electrophoresis techniques performed on bone and muscle tissues. The mechanical properties measured at the microscopie level allow to explain the modifications" recorqed ,'at the macroscopic level. Furthermore, this study showed strong correlation bétween themechanical and morphologie al properties for these two tissues
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24

Meerkin, Jarrod D. "Musculo-skeletal adaptation and altered loading environments: An amputee model." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36750/1/36750_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Amputation of the lower limb may result in musculo-skeletal changes similar to those that occur following space flight, immobilisation and prolonged bed rest. The similarities desist when one considers the invasive nature of amputation surgery and the impact that partial loss of a limb has on the loading characteristics of the affected leg. The aim of this study was to determine the musculo-skeletal changes that occur following trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputation, and to compare differences in the musculo-skeletal characteristics of these groups, which may occur as a function of the modified loading environment. Unique to this investigation was the study of a new trans-femoral amputee, which was incorporated to investigate the time course of any changes in muscle and bone atrophy and decreases in muscle strength in the early post-operative period. This study was also designed to provide a comparison with longer-term amputees and examine relationships between muscle morphology and strength and identified changes in gait behaviour by reference to normal gait patterns. Eight unilateral trans-femoral and 8 trans-tibial amputees (mean age 35.2yrs. ± 9.8 and 35.3yrs. ± 8.9 respectively) were subjects in the study. There were 7 males and 1 female in each of the amputee groups. A control group of similar number was used, with subjects matched on age, weight, height and gender. In the first phase of the investigation dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure bone mineral density (B:MD) of the lumbar spine (L2-IA) and femoral neck (FN) and to calculate the volume and cross-sectional area (CSA) of selected muscles. Strength evaluation was assessed by measurement of maximal isometric hip torque using a Kin-Com dynamometer. Gait analyses were undertaken to determine differences in the angular kinematics of the residual and sound limb together with an electromyographic (EMG) assessment of the onset and offset of the activity of 4 hip muscles of the residual and sound thigh, which was synchronised with the kinematic measures. Differences in ground reaction force (GRF) between the residual and sound limb of each group were also examined. A single case study involving a 19-year-old motor accident victim who sustained a traumatic trans-femoral amputation of his right leg was conducted to determine the structural and functional changes over a 9-month period. Structural and functional evaluations were repeated every 3 months, beginning at 4 months post amputation, using similar methodologies and procedures described for the longer-term amputees. In the longer-term amputees the volume and CSA of the residual musculature of the trans-femoral group was significantly lower by comparison with the sound limb and no difference was found between the residual and sound musculature of the trans-tibial group. Mean torque of the residual hip was lower than that of the sound hip of the trans-femoral and trans-tibial group but the difference was not significant. Bone mineral density of the residual FN was significantly lower than that of the sound FN of the trans-femoral group but there was no difference in the trans-tibial group. No differences were found between the two experimental groups and controls at the L2-1A site. Muscle volume was significantly correlated with BMD of the L2- 1A vertebrae in the residual and sound limb of the trans-tibial group. Trans-femoral and trans-tibial amputees had a significantly slower walking velocity than that of the control group. Cadence of the trans-femoral group was significantly lower than both trans-tibial and the control groups. Stride length was not significantly different between the trans-femoral and control group but was significantly lower in the trans-tibial group. Significant differences were found between the trans-femoral and control group in the range of ankle and knee motion of the sound limb and between the sound and residual ankle, knee and hip joints of the trans-femoral and trans-tibial group. Mean GRF was lower in the residual limb compared to the sound limb for both groups, although the differences were not significant. The activity of rectus femoris, biceps femoris and adductor longus in the sound limb of the trans-femoral group were generally active for a longer duration compared to the controls and the duration of activity of these same muscles differed between the residual and sound limb musculature of the trans-tibial group. In the case study subject, BMD in the residual FN was 38.4 per cent lower than the sound FN at 4 months, decreasing to 42.1 per cent at the end of the 9-month evaluation. At this time point bone loss of the case study subject was greater than the average difference between the residual and sound limb of the longer-term amputees suggesting some recovery of bone mass may be possible. Rectus femoris and biceps femoris showed greater atrophy than the intact muscles, psoas major, adductor longus and the gluteals. At 7-months post amputation, hip torque of the residual limb in all planes of movement was lower by comparison with the sound limb. There was considerable intra-group variability in the data, which reflected the heterogeneity of the groups with respect to surgical fixation procedures, types of prosthesis used and their different physical activity levels. It was shown that longerterm trans-femoral amputees experienced considerable muscle and bone atrophy of their residual limb, which was greater than that experienced by the trans-tibial group. Although loading was not measured directly the difference between the two groups of amputees perhaps reflected their altered loading environment. Isometric hip torque was not different between the residual and sound limb of the trans-femoral and trans-tibial group, an unexpected result in the trans-femoral group considering the muscle atrophy present. The morphological changes combined with the prosthetic components were likely responsible for differences in amputee gait function. In the more recent amputee, muscle and bone atrophy was most rapid in the first 4 months but the volume and CSA of rectus femoris and biceps femoris continued to decrease up to 13 months post amputation. Isometric torque of the hip flexors and extensors decreased between 7 and 10 months and stabilised by 13 months post amputation while there was no change in the torque of the hip abductors and adductors from the initial measure. The potential for recovery of BMD, muscle size and muscle strength must be considered and may be applied to the design of more effective prostheses and rehabilitation strategies aimed at improving functional outcomes.
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25

Leone, R. "ANALISI PROTEOMICA DEL MUSCOLO CARDIACO DI RATTO IN CORSO D'INVECCHIAMENTO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/231150.

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The aging process is a general event involving all organisms and organs, characterized by physiological and metabolic dysfunctions. In cardiac muscle aging represents the major risk factor for cardiac disease onset. A number of hallmarks characterize the ageing process, nevertheless among those the main is represented by an excessive mitochondrial ROS (radical oxygen species) production. For this reason, it has been hypothesized that ROS lead to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damages, inducing cellular dysfunction and organ failure. Furthermore, mitochondria being responsible for the fine tuning between mitochondrial fusion, fission and autophagy, which are essential processes for cellular functioning, their role in aging become predominant. To understand molecular bases of cardiac muscle aging in a physiological model, the proteomic profiles of Sprague Dawley rat hearts of 6, 22 and 30 months old were analyzed by 2D-DIGE technology (two dimensional Differential In Gel Electrophoresis). To contribute to clarify the role of mitochondria in aging, fusion, fission and autophagy were investigated by antigen antibody reactions on total muscle extracts. In addition, mitochondria were isolated by classical methodologies including differential centrifugation and density gradient for the study of proteomic profile by 2D-DIGE of subsarcolemmal (SSM) and intermiofibrillar (IFM) mitochondria. Results on total cardiac muscle, indicate a number of changed proteins, particularly of specific protein isoforms, even though changes in abundance are modest. These results suggest that this model could be representative of a successful aging, like it occurs in human centenarians. In particular, variations involve myosin binding proteins and the troponin I, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh2) and a group of serpins, suggesting that these proteins could be possible putative biomarkers of the aging process. Concerning mitochondrial dynamic in aging, it is impaired with a decreased fission, an increased fusion and a decreased autophagy. The latter through the increment of LC3, could indicate a protective activation of the non-canonical autophagic process. Furthermore, it has been observed that in course of aging there is an increment of Sirtuin 3, which protects mtDNA from mitochondrial ROS attacks, and of CypD, which promotes the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP), with a harmful effect for the cell. The changes, that resulted be protective from senescence are in line with the hypothesis of a successful aging, even though the changes in mitochondrial dynamics are remarkable. However, this study reveals an incoherence between mitochondrial and cardiac tissue proteomic results, particularly on respiratory chain proteins. To avoid unreliable conclusions after proteomics we tested the integrity of isolated mitochondria. We observed that matrix proteins were not enriched in mitochondrial extracts, while the mitochondrial membrane proteins were enriched up to 600%. Further validations were obtained with the analysis of the supernatant (after SS mitochondria enrichment) and by isolation of mitochondria with commercial kits. Our observations are supported by recent papers (Picard et al.), which highlighted the drawbacks of mitochondria isolation by classical methodology demonstrating that the tridimensional mitochondrial network and their interactions with other cellular compartments were destroyed. Also our study underlines technical problems associated with mitochondrial isolation and we suggest, to guarantee results reliability, a careful evaluation of mitochondria integrity (considering both mitochondrial spaces and membranes proteins), before any quantitative differential analysis. The cardiac muscle proteomic changes in this physiological model of aging indicate that some variations are associated to an intrinsic cardiac aging. Further progresses to validate the reliability of proposed biomarkers of aging will be possible by testing them in animal models affected by cardiovascular disorders.
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26

Pannitschka, Sophie. "Mitspieler werden. Parzivâls Weg - vom Mittelalter in die Postmoderne Identitätsentfaltung im "Roten Ritter" von Adolf Muschg." Marburg Tectum-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991067940/04.

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27

Miller, Stuart Anthony. "Could you do that again? : biomechanical characteristics of intra-subject variability in basketball shooting." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311050.

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28

Le, Goaziou Marie-France. "L’hypovitaminose D dans les populations adultes jeunes qui consultent le médecin généraliste : Lien avec les douleurs musculo-squelettiques diffuses et chroniques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10255/document.

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Ces pages font un état des lieux des travaux réalisés au sein du département de médecine générale de 2004 à 2011 sur l'hypovitaminose D, sa fréquence, ses facteurs de risques, son lien avec les douleurs musculo-squelettiques diffuses et chroniques chez les adultes jeunes. De ces travaux et de la revue de la litéérature, il ressort quelques notions importantes et méconnues. Les personnes qui cnsultent un médecin généraliste ont des taux sérique de vitamine D beaucoup plus bas que les taux trouvés dans les groupes de volontaires sains recrutés pour les grandes études comme Suvimax ou l'enquête nationale nutrition santé (ENNS). Les taux retrouvés dans nos travaux sont identiques à ceux trouvés dans les populations émigrées des pays développés et dans les populations des pays où le soleil est évité, mais nos populations, elles, sont ordinaires hommes comme femmes.Les facteurs de risques de l'hypovitaminose sont retouvés dasn nos populations : les vêtements couvrants, le phototype, l'obésité, pas d'exposition solaire, pas de sport en extérieur, pas de vacances au soleil, la CMU marqueur de précarité. Une des conséquences sont des douleurs musculaires et osseuses, chronqiues, diffuse avec une moindre qualité de vie physique. Le traitement des déficits améliore les patients douloureux que nous avons trouvé très carencés. Ces patient consomment beaucoup de soisns et leur prise en charge pourrait réduire d'au moins 50 % leur consommation de soins. Il y a urgence à prendre en considération ce p^roblème de santé publique car 100% des consultants adultés âgés entre 18 et 50 ans, homme et femme, douloureux chroniques, ont un déficit (vitamine D <20 ng/ml ou 50 nmol/l), et plus de 25% ont un déficit sévère (vitamine D <10 ng/l ou 25 nmol/l)
Hypovitaminosis D is common in populations which consult GP's. Manu studies have been conducted which revealed high prevalence of severe hypovitaminosis in young people. risk factors were covered clothes, high BMI, dark phottype, precarity, no sunhbathing, no sun holidays, no sport outdoor. Quality of life was correlated with vitamin D levels. Patients with chronic musculo skeletal pains had very low level of vitamin D < 10 ng/ml for 25%. The supplementation cured the pains for more than 50 % of the patients and decreased the consumption of medicines and care. It will be be very important to consider this problem of public health for young people
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29

Muschik, Christine A. [Verfasser], J. I. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Akademischer Betreuer] Cirac, and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Friedrich. "Quantum Information Processing with Atoms and Photons / Christine Muschik. Gutachter: Ignacio Cirac ; Harald Friedrich. Betreuer: Ignacio Cirac." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015628141/34.

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30

Hebling, Andre. "Estudo histoquimico da enzima NADH-TR no musculo frontal do coelho." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289204.

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Orientador : Heloisa A. de Lima Castro
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O músculo frontal humano possui dois ventres, compondo, juntamente com o músculo occipital e a gálea aponeurótica, o músculo occipitofronta1; sendo um músculo estriado esquelético, o músculo ftontal pode apresentar fibras musculares com alta intensidade de oxidação (tipo I) e com baixa intensidade de oxidação (tipo II). O uso de processo histoquímico, por meio de reações químicas orgânicas ou inorgânicas, permite obter um produto visível à microscopia óptica. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar, por meio de processo histoquímico de reação de Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Tetra zolium Redutase (NADH- TR) associado a morfometria, a distn1mição histoquímica do número de fibras do tipo I e II do músculo frontal de coelhos da raça NorfoJk inglesa, do sexo feminino, com idade de seis a oito meses, pesando de 2,8 a 3,1 Kg. Do total de 1010 fibras estudadas, o percentual de fibras encontradas foi de 33,8 % para o tipo I, de 17,4 % para o tipo II A e de 48,8 % para o tipo II B. A maioria das fibras encontradas era do tipo lI, demonstrando a intensa atividade desse músculo na mímica facial. As fibras do tipo II apresentam baixa intensidade oxidativa, sendo assim, passíveis de sofrerem fadiga muscular. Esses achados podem auxiliar nos estudos de miopatias que possam ocorrer nesse músculo
Abstract: The human frontal muscles has two bellies, forming, together with the occipital muscle and the aponeurotic galea, the occipitoftontal muscle. Being a striated skeletal muscle, the frontal muscle can show muscular fibers with high intensity oxidation (type I) and with low intensity oxidation (type lI). A histochemical process using organic and inorganic chemical reactions allows us to obtain a product that is visible through optical microscopy. The purpose of this paper is to determine, by means of the histochemical process of the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Tetra-zolium Reductase (NADH- TR) reaction associated to morphometrics, the histochemical distribution of the number of the type I and 11 ftontal muscle fibers of female, six to eight months old, 2.8 to 3.1 Kg English NorfoIk rabbits. In 1010 fibers studied, we found 33.8% type I, 17.4% type lIA and 48.8% type TIB. The majority of fibers were type 11, demonstrating this muscle's intense activity during faeia! mimicking. Type 11 fibers showed a reduced oxidative intensity, which made them subject to muscular fatigue. These findings may be of help in the study of myopathies that may occur in this muscle
Mestrado
Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental
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31

Biasotto, Daiana Cristina. "Analise eletromiografica do musculo masseter correlacionada com a avaliação clinico-fonoaudiologica." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312393.

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Orientador: Ivonne Panhoca
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a correlação entre os resultados obtidos na palpação e os dados obtidos no exame eletromiográfico do músculo masseter. Participaram deste estudo 21 adultos jovens do sexo feminino, idades entre 17-25 anos. Os dados da avaliação fonoaudiológica foram obtidos por meio da palpação do músculo masseter por dois fonoaudiólogos durante a contração isométrica e os dados eletromiográficos foram captados com a utilização de eletrodos de superficie bipolares posicionados no músculo masseter durante a contração isotônica, sendo os voluntários orientados a mastigar bilateral e simultaneamente o material Parafilme@.O estudo da atividade elétrica do músculo mastigatório foi analisado pelo valor de RMS (Root Mean Square) na contração isotônica do músculo. Todos os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística Kappa. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram baixa correlação entre a palpação e a eletromiografia (25%) e entre avaliadores (40%) concluindo-se, a partir dos achados do presente estudo, que a correlação entre os dados obtidos na palpação do músculo masseter em relação aos dados obtidos no exame eletromiográfico foi muito baixa. Os resultados indicam que a palpação muscular não substitui o exame eletromiográfico, devendo complementá-lo
Abstract: This paper aimed the evaluation of the specificity of the masseter muscle palpation when compared to the electromyographic activity. Twenty-one young female adults, aged from 17 to 25, participated in this research. The phonoaudiological evaluation data were obtained by means of palpation of the masseter muscle during isometric contraction by two phonoaudiologists and the caption of the electromyographic exam was made by using the bipolar superficial electrodes, positioned on the masseter muscle. The volunteers were oriented to chew the Parafilm Mâ material bilaterally and simultaneously. The caption of the electromiographic signals occurred during the isometric contractions of the masseter muscle. The electrical activity study of the masticatory muscle was analyzed through the Root Mean Square value during isotonic contraction of the muscle. All data was then submitted to the Kappa statistical analysis. The results of this study have shown a low correlation between palpation and electromyography (25%) and between the evaluators (40%) which led to the conclusion that the correlation between palpation of the masseter muscle and the electromyographic activity was very low, which allow us to conclude that muscular palpation can not effectively replace the eletromyographycal exam but complement it
Mestrado
Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
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32

Turchet, Fabio. "Physics-based modelling, simulation, placement and learning for musculo-skeletal animations." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2018. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/31092/.

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In character production for Visual Effects, the realism of deformations and flesh dynamics is a vital ingredient of the final rendered moving images shown on screen. This work is a collection of projects completed at the hosting company MPC London focused on the main components needed for the animation of musculo-skeletal systems: primitives modeling, physically accurate simulation, interactive placement. Complementary projects are also presented, including the procedural modeling of wrinkles and a machine learning approach for deformable objects based on Deep Neural Networks. Primitives modeling aims at proposing an approach to generating muscle geometry complete with tendons and fibers from superficial patches sketched on the character skin mesh. The method utilizes the physics of inflatable surfaces and produces meshes ready to be tetrahedralized, that is without compenetrations. A framework for the simulation of muscles, fascia and fat tissues based on the Finite Elements Method (FEM) is presented, together with the theoretical foundations of fiber-based materials with activations and their fitting in the Implicit Euler integration. The FEM solver is then simplified in or- der to achieve interactive rates to show the potential of interactive muscle placement on the skeleton to facilitate the creation of intersection-free primitives using collision detection and resolution. Alongside physics simulation for biological tissues, the thesis explores an approach that extends the Implicit Skinning technique with wrinkles based on convolution surfaces by exploiting the gradients of the combination of bones fields. Finally, this work discusses a possible approach to the learning of physics-based deformable objects based on deep neural networks which makes use of geodesic disks convolutional layers.
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33

Ingrado, Philippe d'. "Le complexe musculo-tendineux du genou (Biométrie et structure morpho-fonctionnelle)." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11147.

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34

Moissenet, Florent. "Modélisation musculo-squelettique : vers un modèle plus proche de la clinique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10093.

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Dans un contexte où l'on voit émerger une demande croissante en termes de prévention, diagnostic, suivi et traitement, la modélisation numérique est devenue un outil incontournable pour comprendre les conditions de fonctionnement du système musculo-squelettique et quantifier des données encore inaccessibles par mesure directe telles que les efforts musculaires, ligamentaires ou de contact. De nombreux modèles ont été proposés et plusieurs logiciels commerciaux ont vu le jour ces dernières années autour de cette problématique. Ces derniers proposent d'utiliser un modèle générique, généralement basé sur un squelette de sujet adulte, afin de calculer ce type de données via des programmes de calcul plus ou moins ouverts. Néanmoins, si l'on s'écarte du cas idéal de l'homme adulte asymptomatique, ces modèles sont, pour le moment, tout à fait critiquables car difficiles à personnaliser. Ainsi, de nombreuses équipes se penchent aujourd'hui sur le développement d'une mise à échelle géométrique qui pourrait permettre à terme d'avoir un modèle sujet-spécifique. Cependant, très peu de travaux sont initiés autour de l'adaptation des algorithmes d'optimisation permettant d'obtenir les forces recherchées. Il est pourtant indispensable de personnaliser également ces programmes de calcul pour différentes pathologies. Les travaux de cette thèse reposent ainsi sur le développement d'algorithmes pour le calcul des forces musculo-tendineuses et ostéo-articulaires pendant la marche. Pour cela, un modèle musculo-squelettique versatile du membre inférieur, basé sur un paramétrage en coordonnées naturelles et comprenant une représentation détaillée des articulations de la cheville et du genou, est introduit. Un processus d'optimisation multicritères est également proposé, reposant sur la méthode par pseudoinverse et permettant l'introduction des forces ostéo-articulaires dans le problème de minimisation des forces musculo-tendineuses. De manière générale, cette thèse propose des bases de réflexion et de travail pour le développement de programmes de calcul appliqué et applicables à l'étude des pathologies de la marche
Because of the increasing need of prevention, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment, numerical modeling has become an interesting tool to understand the interactions of the musculoskeletal system and to replace measurements that are still invasive for some data such as muscles, ligaments or contact forces. Many models have been proposed and some musculoskeletal simulation softwares are now avalaibales. These softwares are based on a generic model, developed using cadaver data of an adult man, and allow computing internal forces using some algorithms that are not always accessible. However, these models and algorithms are mainly adapted to the case of an asymptomatic adult man and their application to another subject, such as a pathologic subject, is criticism. Consequently, many studies have been proposed to develop geometric subject-specific models. Nevertheless, very few works have been proposed to personalize optimization algorithms that are used to solve the muscular redundancy problem, even if it seems essential to link them to pathologies. The objectives of this thesis were to develop new algorithms for musculo-tendon and osteo-articular force computation during gait. An original and versatile musculoskeletal model is developed using parameters based on natural coordinates and detailed kinematics models for both knee and ankle joints. Then, a multicriteria optimization procedure is proposed, based on the pseudoinverse method and allowing the simultaneous computation of osteo-articular and musculo-tendon forces. On the whole, this study proposes a new method to develop models and methods that could be used in the future for clinical applications during gait
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35

Horsch, Justus. "Muschel-inspirierte Polymerisation: Synthetische Bioadhäsive für wasserbasierte Klebstoffe und meerwasserresistente Beschichtungen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21026.

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Miesmuscheln inspirieren zur nächsten Generation von wasserbasierten Nassklebstoffen. Muschelfußproteine (mfps) ermöglichen es den Muscheln, sich an jede Oberfläche zu haften und zeigen bemerkenswerte Eigenschaften, die insbesondere durch das Aminosäurederivat 3,4 Dihydroxyphenylalanin (Dopa) verursacht werden. Da der Einfluss von Wasser nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung für Klebeanwendungen darstellt und die Herstellung und Reinigung von Klebeproteinen viel Zeit und Kosten erfordert, ist ein einfacher Zugang zu biomimetischen Klebstoffen von großem Interesse. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht einen neuartigen Muschel-inspirierten Polymerisationsansatz zur Herstellung von adhäsiven Proteinanaloga aus Oligopeptiden (Unimeren). Der Polymerisationsmechanismus nutzt einen Reaktionsweg, der in Miesmuscheln auftritt und beruht auf einer enzymatischen Oxidation von Tyrosin zu Dopachinon, das mit freien Thiolen aus Cystein Cysteinyldopa bildet, wodurch Unimere verknüpft und adhäsive Funktionalitäten erzeugt werden. Innerhalb weniger Minuten entstehen hochmolekulare Polymere, die ein vielseitiges Adsorptions- und starkes Adhäsionsverhalten demonstrieren. Die Proteinanaloga weisen eine signifikante Multischicht-Adsorption auf hydrophilen sowie hydrophoben Oberflächen auf und sind resistent gegenüber Spülschritten mit hochkonzentrierten Salz-Lösungen. Die beobachteten Adhäsionsenergien liegen im Bereich von kommerziellen mfp-Extrakten und überschreiten sogar berichtete Werte für isolierte mfps. Die Arbeit präsentiert eine einfache Synthese künstlicher mfp-Analoga, die in der Lage sind Aspekte natürlicher mfps nachzuahmen und potenziell zur Entwicklung von wasserresistenten Universalklebstoffen beitragen. Um die Bedingungen für eine kostengünstige, großtechnische Produktion zu verbessern, werden zusätzlich alternative Synthesewege für die enzymfreie Herstellung Muschel-inspirierter Polymere untersucht, die auf der chemischen Oxidation von Dopa-haltigen Unimeren beruhen.
Marine mussels provide inspiration for the next generation of water-based, wet adhesives. Mussel foot proteins (mfps) enable them to attach to any surface and exhibit remarkable properties, notably due to the amino acid derivative 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa). Since the influence of water still constitutes a major challenge for gluing applications and large-scale production and purification of adhesive proteins is time-consuming and costly, an easy access route toward biomimetic adhesives is of high interest. This thesis investigates a novel mussel-inspired polymerization approach for the production of adhesive protein analogues from oligopeptides (unimers). The polymerization mechanism exploits a distinct reaction pathway, occurring in mussels and relies on enzyme-mediated oxidation of tyrosine to Dopaquinone in the unimers, which forms cysteinyldopa with free thiols from cysteine, thereby linking unimers and generating adhesive moieties. Within a few minutes high molecular weight polymers are obtained that show versatile adsorption and strong adhesion behaviour. The protein analogues exhibit significant multilayer adsorption onto hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic surfaces and resist rinsing with highly saline solutions. Comparative adhesion studies on silica reveal adhesion energies that are in the same range as commercial mussel foot protein extracts and even exceed reported values for isolated foot proteins that constitute the gluing interfaces. The approach offers facile access toward artificial mussel foot proteins that are capable of mimicking aspects of the natural ideal and potentially helps to develop next-generation universal water resistant glues. In order to further improve the conditions regarding cost-efficient and large-scale production in the future, alternative synthesis routes for the enzyme-free generation of mussel-inspired polymers based on chemical oxidation of Dopa containing unimers are additionally explored.
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36

Di, Bella Claudia <1978&gt. "Reconstructive Microsurgery and Tissue Engineering in Musculo-Skeletal Oncology - Innovative Techniques." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4307/1/Dibella_Claudia_Tesi.pdf.

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Tumors involving bone and soft tissues are extremely challenging situations. With the recent advances of multi-modal treatment, not only the type of surgery has moved from amputation to limb-sparing procedures, but also the survivorship has improved considerably and reconstructive techniques have the goal to allow a considerably higher quality of life. In bone reconstruction, tissue engineering strategies are the main area of research. Re-vascularization and re-vitalisation of a massive allograft would considerably improve the outcome of biological reconstructions. Using a rabbit animal model, in this study we showed that, by implanting a vascular pedicle inside a weight bearing massive cortical allograft, the bone regeneration inside the allograft was higher compared to the non-vascularized implants, given the patency of the vascular pedicle. Improvement in the animal model and the addition of Stem Cells and Growth factors will allow a further improvement in the results. In soft tissue tumors, free and pedicled flaps have been proven to be of great help as reconstruction strategies. In this study we analyzed the functional and overall outcome of 14 patients who received a re-innervated vascularized flap. We have demonstrated that the use of the innovative technique of motor re-innervated muscular flaps is effective when the resection involves important functional compartments of the upper or lower limb, with no increase of post-operative complications. Although there was no direct comparison between this type of reconstruction and the standard non-innervated reconstruction, we underlined the remarkable high overall functional scores and patient satisfaction following this procedure.
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37

Di, Bella Claudia <1978&gt. "Reconstructive Microsurgery and Tissue Engineering in Musculo-Skeletal Oncology - Innovative Techniques." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4307/.

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Tumors involving bone and soft tissues are extremely challenging situations. With the recent advances of multi-modal treatment, not only the type of surgery has moved from amputation to limb-sparing procedures, but also the survivorship has improved considerably and reconstructive techniques have the goal to allow a considerably higher quality of life. In bone reconstruction, tissue engineering strategies are the main area of research. Re-vascularization and re-vitalisation of a massive allograft would considerably improve the outcome of biological reconstructions. Using a rabbit animal model, in this study we showed that, by implanting a vascular pedicle inside a weight bearing massive cortical allograft, the bone regeneration inside the allograft was higher compared to the non-vascularized implants, given the patency of the vascular pedicle. Improvement in the animal model and the addition of Stem Cells and Growth factors will allow a further improvement in the results. In soft tissue tumors, free and pedicled flaps have been proven to be of great help as reconstruction strategies. In this study we analyzed the functional and overall outcome of 14 patients who received a re-innervated vascularized flap. We have demonstrated that the use of the innovative technique of motor re-innervated muscular flaps is effective when the resection involves important functional compartments of the upper or lower limb, with no increase of post-operative complications. Although there was no direct comparison between this type of reconstruction and the standard non-innervated reconstruction, we underlined the remarkable high overall functional scores and patient satisfaction following this procedure.
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38

Adote, Adoude Kekeli. "Effetto del tipo genetico sul profilo proteico del muscolo pettorale di pollo." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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L’industria avicola moderna si basa su criteri di selezione che sono stati adattati nel corso del tempo in funzione della destinazione produttiva. Infatti, mentre negli ibridi selezionati per la produzione di carne (broiler) sono state esaltate caratteristiche quali un’elevata velocità di accrescimento ed un marcato sviluppo dei muscoli del petto, mentre nei genotipi selezionati per la produzione di uova sono state esaltate le caratteristiche riproduttive (numero di uova, picco e persistenza della deposizione). In questo contesto, il presente elaborato ha avuto lo scopo di valutare l’effetto del tipo genetico di appartenenza sul profilo delle principali proteine miofibrillari e sarcoplasmatiche dei muscoli Pectoralis major di polli selezionati per la produzione di carne (Ross 308) e di uova (razza Livornese). La quasi totalità delle bande attribuibili ai principali enzimi metabolici sono risultate significativamente differenti verosimilmente in ragione della diversa composizione in fibre dei muscoli P. major dei genotipi oggetto di studio. Inoltre, il maggiore contenuto dell’enzima lattato deidrogenasi unitamente al rapporto di desmina/vimentina osservato nei broilers suggerisce come i muscoli di tali animali siano interessati da intensi fenomeni di turnover delle proteine conseguenti a degenerazione/rigenerazione delle fibre muscolari. È stata inoltre osservata una modificazione rilevante nel profilo delle principali proteine miofibrillari. I soggetti di razza Livornese hanno presentato una minor proporzione delle principali proteine miofibrillari (actina e miosina), nonché un maggiore contenuto di troponina T e tropomiosina. Nel complesso, i risultati di questo elaborato hanno permesso di evidenziare notevoli differenze (sia nel profilo degli enzimi metabolici che nelle proteine strutturali) fra i tipi genetici oggetto di studio riconducibili principalmente ai diversi criteri di selezione dei polli in funzione della destinazione produttiva (carne vs. uova).
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39

Quaggio, Ronaldo Bento. "Expressão de troponina I do musculo esqueletico de galinha em E. coli." Universidade de São Paulo, 1991. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-01112012-153354/.

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Da interação da actina com a miosina resulta a contração muscular. Esta interação é controlada pela concentração de íons cálcio, que atuam sobre um sistema regulatório associado ao filamento de actina. O sistema regulatório é composto de uma molécula de tropomiosina e um complexo protéico composto de três polipeptídeos chamado troponina. Uma das subunidades, troponina C, e o receptor de ions cálcio; outra, troponina T, liga-se à tropomiosina; e a terceira, troponina I, é a responsável pela inibição da atividade ATPásica da actomiosina. Esta dissertação descreve o desenvolvimento do processo de expressão da troponina I em bactéria, sua purificação e caracterização. Partindo de um cDNA de troponina I músculo esquelético de galinha, procedemos à construção de um vetor de expressão da proteína em E.coli com o sistema pET. Inicialmente construímos um vetor de expressão capaz de produzir a troponina I fundida a 18 aminoácidos. A proteína foi purificada e caracterizada, comportando-se de forma semelhante à troponina I selvagem. Numa segunda etapa, foram feitas mutações sítio-dirigidas para a construção de um novo sítio de restrição que possibilitou construir um vetor de expressão da troponina I a partir de sua metionina inicial. Entretanto não foi obtida expressão com esta construção. Para solucionar o problema, foram feitas novas mutações que alteraram os codons AGG presentes nos 25 primeiros codons do gene da proteína por codons CGT, sem alterar o aminoácido codificado. Nesta construção final foi obtida a expressão da proteína sem fusão, que purificada e caracterizada, comporta-se de modo idêntico à troponina I selvagem.
Muscle contraction results from the interaction of myosin with actin and this interaction is controlled by the calcium ion concentration which acts on the regulatory system associated with the actin filaments. This regulatory system comprises one tropomyosin molecule and a complex composed of three polypeptide subunits. One of this subunits, troponin C binds calcium ions; another, troponin T, binds to tropomyosin while the third, troponin I, inhibits the ATPase activity of actomyosin. This dissertation describes the development of the methodology to express troponin I in bacteria and its subsequent purification and characterization. Starting with a troponin I cDNA from chicken skeletal muscle, a pET expression vector was constructed. The initial vector resulted the expression of a troponin I fusion protein having an additional 18 amino acids. This protein was purified and characterized and found to behave like wild type troponin I. Subsequently, employing site-directed mutagenesis, a new vector was made which allowed the expression of the protein starting at its initial methionine codon and lacking the extra amino acids. However, no expression was achieved using this vector and, to circumvent this, further mutations were introduced in the first 25 codons which substituted AGG for CGT without altering the amino acid sequence. This final construct permitted the expression of a non fusion troponin I which, after purification and characterization, was found to behave identically to the wild type protein.
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40

Dugan, Eric L. "Musculo-tendinous stiffness : design of a controlled-release ergometer for the knee." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1272429.

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The purpose of this research was twofold: 1) Develop a controlled-release ergometer for the measurement of musculo-tendinous stiffness of the knee flexors and 2) Compare results of the measurement of musculo-tendinous stiffness obtained via controlled-release method and oscillation method. Each purpose was addressed in a separate research paper. Research paper one describes the successful modification of a Cybex NORM isokinetic ergometer for use in controlled-release experiments. The modifications include not only the ones to the Cybex, but also the design of an instrumented leg cuff and software to collect and analyze the data from the experiment. The stiffness values obtained from this technique compared favorably, when considering morphological differences, to those obtained from controlled-release experiments of the ankle joint. The main difficulty encountered in this experiment was the lack of information obtained from low end of the stiffness-moment curve. In research paper two, both techniques were successfully used to measure stiffness of the knee-flexors and no significant difference was found between the two methods, (p = 0.157). However, it was clear that each technique has its advantages and disadvantages in regard to what part of the stiffness-moment curve they are able to measure. Due to the inability of participants to perform the oscillation technique with high loads, this technique is best suited to measure stiffness of lightly loaded systems.On the other hand, the controlled-release technique provided a good representation of the high, linear end of the stiffness-moment curve, but was unable to provide good information about the toe-region of the stiffness-moment curve.
School of Physical Education
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41

Niccoli, Filho Walter Domingos. "Analise eletromiografica do musculo masseter em individuos portadores da sindrome de Down." [s.n.], 1986. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288235.

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Orientador : Mathias Vitti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Foram analisados eletromiograficamente os musculos masseteres direito e esquerdo em 15 indivíduos portadores da Síndrome de Down, em varios movimentos mandibulares e comparando os resultados com aqueles de indivíduos normais. Os dados obtidos mostraram qu~: (1) nos movimentos de abertura da boca, propulsão, lateral idade direita e esquerda da mandíbula, não houve diferenças significantes nos resultados eletromiogrãficos entre indivíduos normais e os portadores da Síndrome de Down; (2) nos movimentos de mastigação molar direita e esquerda, incisiva e oclusão cêntrica forçada, houve redução dos potenciais eletromiogrãficos para os indivíduos portadores da Síndrome de Down quando comparados aos indl víduos "normais; (3) o padrão de coordenação dos indivíduos Portadores da Sindrome de Down foi diferente daquele observado em inividuos normais; (4) demonstrou este estudo que a IIhipotonia" presente nos indivíduos portadores da Sindrome de Down,po de ser detectada pelo exame eletromiogrãfico, quando comparado a indivíduos normais
Abstract: An electromyographicstudy of the right and left masseter muscles, in various mandibular movements, was performed i n 15 individuals bea ) ring Down's Syndrome. The results werecomparedwith the same movements in normal individuals. The data showed that: (1) significant differences were not seen in the following moveme'nts: Right lateral, left lateral, protrusion, and opening of the mouth; (2 ) the individuals with Down's Syndrome showéd a decreasein the electromyographic potentials during right and left molar mastication, incisor masticationand forced centric occlusion; ( 3) the muscular coordination pattern in the mongolic individuals was different from that of the normal ones; (4) this study also showed that a general muscular hypotony was characteristic feature of the individuals with Down's Syndrome, as revealed by electromyography
Mestrado
Mestre em Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
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42

Teodori, Rosana Macher. "Regeneração axonal apos reparo nervoso com enxerto de musculo esqueletico : estudo morfometrico." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289229.

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Orientador: Humberto Santo Neto
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar morfometricamente a regeneração axonal em autoenxerto de lâmina basal muscular tratado com injeção intramuscular de cloridrato de lidocaína a 2% e estabelecer uma análise comparativa com a regeneração obtida através de autoenxerto de nervo. Para isto foram avaliados os diâmetros dos axônios mielínicos e das fibras nervosas regeneradas, além da espessura de suas respectivas bainhas de mielina. Ratos adultos tiveram o músculo sóleo direito exposto, recebendo injeção de 0,1 ml de cloridrato de lidocaína a 2%. Após 24 horas, o ventre muscular do sóleo foi retirado, sofrendo uma fina dissecção para confecção de um retalho de 5 mm de comprimento e espessura semelhante à do nervo isquiático. Em seguida, o nervo isquiático esquerdo foi seccionado e o retalho muscular implantado na fenda entre os cotos nervosos, com sutura epineural. Outro grupo de animais teve o nervo isquiático esquerdo exposto, seccionando-se um fragmento de 5 mm, que sofreu inversão de 1800 e foi imediatamente fixado aos cotos com sutura epineural. Um terceiro grupo teve o nervo isquiático seccionadoe mantido no leito, sem reconexão. O grupo controle consistiu de nervos isquiáticos de animais normais. Após 50 dias de sobrevida, o nervo isquiático esquerdo foi exposto, fixado "in situ" e dividido em 3 porções: coto proximal, coto distal e região do enxerto, que foram processadas para microscopia eletrônica, sendo que os axônios regenerados nos dois grupos experimentais (autotransplante de músculo e autotransplante de nervo) e grupo controle foram analisados histológica e morfometricamente. O grupo de regeneração espontânea não foi submetido a análise morfométrica em função da pobre regeneração axonal observada. Nossos resultados apontam que os axônios atingiram o coto distal em todos os animais dos dois grupos experimentais. A análise histológica mostrou não haver diferenças entre os axônios dos dois grupos no que diz respeito ao aspecto ultraestrutura!. Na região do enxerto a distribuição dos axônios era característica, formando minifascículos, sendo restabelecida a organização fascicular no coto dista!. A análise morfométrica mostrou não haver diferença significativa entre os dois grupos. Concluímos que o enxerto muscular tratado com cloridrato de lidocaína a 2% produziu um nível de maturação axonal semelhante àquele observado em autoenxerto de nervo
Abstract: The aim of the present was to perform a morphometric study to comparatively evaluate axonal regeneration after muscle and nerve autografts. Adult rats had their right soleus muscles injected intracutaneously with 0,1 ml of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride. Twenty-four hours later the injected muscle was removed and a lidocaine muscle graft was obtained by trimming the muscle to a rectangular block of approximately 5.0 mm in length. The left sciatic nerve was exposed at the mid-thigh region and a segment removed so that a final 5.0 mm long gap was produced. The muscle graft was coaxially autografted to the epineurium between the proximal and distal nerve stumps. In another group the left sciatic nerve was exposed and a 5.0 mm fragment was removed, inverted in 180 degrees and immediately autografted to the epineurium. In a third group the sciatic nerve was cut and kept in position, without surgical repair. Sciatic nerves from non-operated rats were used as controls. Axonal regeneration was studied ultrastructurally and morph metrically 50 days after the insertion of muscle and nerve autografts. No ultrastructural differences were seen in regenerated axons after muscle or nerve autografts; typically, minifascicles were present in the graft and the fascicular organization was reestablished in the distal stump. Morphometric analyses showed no significant differences between the two groups. We conclude that the use of this model produced a level of maturation similar to that described in nerve autografts
Doutorado
Doutor em Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental
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43

Nunes, Ligia Christina Borsato Guimarães. "Efeitos da eletroestimulação neuromuscular no musculo tibial anterior de pacientes hemipareticos espasticos." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260121.

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Orientador: Antonio Augusto Fasolo Quevedo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Mestrado
Engenharia Biomedica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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44

Pires, Ivan Luiz de Souza. "Analise da atividade eletromiografica do musculo trapezio apos intervenção do alongamento miofascial." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317510.

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Orientador: Evanisi Teresa Palomari
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Foram analisados por meio da eletromiografia como o mecanismo neuromuscular do músculo trapézio respondeu ao método terapêutico de alongamento miofascial. Fizeram parte da pesquisa quinze voluntários de ambos os sexos, faixa etária entre 20 e 35 anos, não praticantes de atividade específica para os membros superiores e sem história prévia de distúrbios da coluna cervical. Para comprovar a normalidade desses indivíduos foram utilizados testes específicos de avaliação da coluna cervical. Para determinar o grupo experimental e avaliar os efeitos da intervenção, foram realizadas avaliações eletromiográficas, pré e pós-procedimento de alongamento miofascial e, posteriormente, comparadas. Para análise eletromiográfica foram utilizados eletrodos de superfície fixados sobre a porção descendente do músculo trapézio. Os indivíduos permaneceram sentados, de maneira confortável, em uma cadeira de teste e realizaram elevação do ombro de 0° de adução do braço e contra resistência oferecida por meio de duas ferramentas distintas: 1 - transdutor de força (célula de carga) e, 2 - peso, ambos simularam a força da gravidade. Os resultados demonstraram que houve diminuição da atividade muscular quando comparada ao préprocedimento (p < 0,01).
Abstract: Were analyzed by electromyography the events involved in the biological effect of the method of myofascial stretching on descending portion of the trapezius muscle, and how the neurophysiologic factor contributed to these findings. Were part of the research fifteen volunteers of both sexes, aged between 20 and 35 years, with not practicing specific activity to the upper limbs, with no previous history of disorders of the cervical spine. To prove the normality of these individuals were used specific tests for assessment of the cervical spine. To determine the experimental group and evaluate the effects of the intervention, electromyographic evaluations were performed, pre and post procedure myofascial stretching and then compared. were used for analysis electromyography of surface electrodes fixed on the descending portion of the trapezius muscle. The subjects remained seated in a comfortable chair in a test conducted and the elevation of 0° of shoulder adduction and arm against resistance offered by different tools: 1 tool - force transducer (load cell) and tool 2 - weight, both simulate the force of gravity. The results showed that there was a decrease in muscle activity when compared to pre procedure indicating the efficiency of the technique.
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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45

Dalleau, Georges. "Influence du contrôle de la raideur musculo-tendineuse lors de la locomotion." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T009.

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46

Iqbal, Kamran. "Stability and control in a planar neuro-musculo-skeletal model with latencies /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487780393265452.

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47

Makki, Karim. "Développement de l'IRM dynamique pour l'étude de l'appareil musculo-squelettique en mouvement." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0151/document.

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La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est la première cause de l’handicap moteur de l’enfant en France (2 naissances pour 1000). Il s’agit d’une pathologie causée par des atteintes non progressives survenues lors du développement du cerveau chez le foetus ou le nourrisson. L’équin de la cheville est la déformation musculo-squelettique la plus fréquente chez les enfants atteints par la PC. Malgré des thérapies médico-chirurgicales multiples, le taux de récidive post-opératoire demeure très élevé(48%). Une des principales raisons des échecs des thérapies est le manque de connaissance de la biomécanique articulaire et musculaire. Les techniques d’imagerie en IRM dynamique permettent aujourd’hui d’explorer l’appareil musculo-squelettique au cours du mouvement dans les 3 dimensions de l’espace avec une grande précision (<1mm). Cependant, ces techniques viennent avec leur propre liste de problèmes tels que la résolution réduite, l’anisotropie et les artefacts de mouvement. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons ces problèmes en combinant l’information spatiale de l’IRM conventionnel avec l’information temporelle fournie par les séquences IRM dynamique. Nous avons réussi à atteindre l’objectif principal de ces travaux de recherche en développant des algorithmes robustes combinant des aspects informatiques et mathématiques (dont le recalage d’images basé sur l’intensité était le facteur clé) qui nous ont permis de reconstruire les mouvements articulaires et donc d’établir une analyse biomécanique de la cheville en plus de la reconstruction spatio-temporelle de la séquence dynamique en utilisant une approche logeuclidienne. Les algorithmes proposés ont été appliqués sur la base de données actuellement disponible (contenant 6 sujets normaux) et devraient être également appliqués sur une base plus large contenant des sujets pathologiques de la même tranche d’âges afin de comparer les deux populations et de caractériser la pathologie
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a common birth pathology in children leading to ankle joint deformity, also known as the Spastic Equinus (SE) deformity, which causes abnormal function of the joint. While the management of ankle disorders focuses on restoring the joint functions, the underlying pathomechanics is not clearly understood yet. To better understand the biomechanics of the pediatric ankle joint, it is crucial to establish in vivo normative joint biomechanics before focusing on pathomechanics studies. Dynamic MRI has made it possible to non-invasively capture the ankle joint during a complete motion cycle. However, dynamic MRI comes with its own set of unique challenges such as low resolution, anisotropy, and motion artifacts. This motivates our choice for combining spatial information of conventional static MRI with temporal information of dynamic MRI sequences. The global aim of this research work is to build computational frameworks and to develop robust intensity-based approaches for estimating the joint motion and deformations from 3D+t MRI data, and thus for deriving the joint kinematics and the joint contact mechanics during a single cycle of dorsiplantarflexion. Due to a lack of sufficient Imaging data in the pediatric cohort, the proposed algorithms are applied on dynamic MRI data (portraying both passive and active ankle motions) from 6 healthy children
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48

Netscher, Heather Gayle. "The neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal characterization of children with joint hypermobility." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30295/1/Heather_Netscher_Thesis.pdf.

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Abstract:
In children, joint hypermobility (typified by structural instability of joints) manifests clinically as neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal conditions and conditions associated with development and organization of control of posture and gait (Finkelstein, 1916; Jahss, 1919; Sobel, 1926; Larsson, Mudholkar, Baum and Srivastava, 1995; Murray and Woo, 2001; Hakim and Grahame, 2003; Adib, Davies, Grahame, Woo and Murray, 2005:). The process of control of the relative proportions of joint mobility and stability, whilst maintaining equilibrium in standing posture and gait, is dependent upon the complex interrelationship between skeletal, muscular and neurological function (Massion, 1998; Gurfinkel, Ivanenko, Levik and Babakova, 1995; Shumway-Cook and Woollacott, 1995). The efficiency of this relies upon the integrity of neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal components (ligaments, muscles, nerves), and the Central Nervous System’s capacity to interpret, process and integrate sensory information from visual, vestibular and proprioceptive sources (Crotts, Thompson, Nahom, Ryan and Newton, 1996; Riemann, Guskiewicz and Shields, 1999; Schmitz and Arnold, 1998) and development and incorporation of this into a representational scheme (postural reference frame) of body orientation with respect to internal and external environments (Gurfinkel et al., 1995; Roll and Roll, 1988). Sensory information from the base of support (feet) makes significant contribution to the development of reference frameworks (Kavounoudias, Roll and Roll, 1998). Problems with the structure and/ or function of any one, or combination of these components or systems, may result in partial loss of equilibrium and, therefore ineffectiveness or significant reduction in the capacity to interact with the environment, which may result in disability and/ or injury (Crotts et al., 1996; Rozzi, Lephart, Sterner and Kuligowski, 1999b). Whilst literature focusing upon clinical associations between joint hypermobility and conditions requiring therapeutic intervention has been abundant (Crego and Ford, 1952; Powell and Cantab, 1983; Dockery, in Jay, 1999; Grahame, 1971; Childs, 1986; Barton, Bird, Lindsay, Newton and Wright, 1995a; Rozzi, et al., 1999b; Kerr, Macmillan, Uttley and Luqmani, 2000; Grahame, 2001), there has been a deficit in controlled studies in which the neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal characteristics of children with joint hypermobility have been quantified and considered within the context of organization of postural control in standing balance and gait. This was the aim of this project, undertaken as three studies. The major study (Study One) compared the fundamental neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal characteristics of 15 children with joint hypermobility, and 15 age (8 and 9 years), gender, height and weight matched non-hypermobile controls. Significant differences were identified between previously undiagnosed hypermobile (n=15) and non-hypermobile children (n=15) in passive joint ranges of motion of the lower limbs and lumbar spine, muscle tone of the lower leg and foot, barefoot CoP displacement and in parameters of barefoot gait. Clinically relevant differences were also noted in barefoot single leg balance time. There were no differences between groups in isometric muscle strength in ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion or extension. The second comparative study investigated foot morphology in non-weight bearing and weight bearing load conditions of the same children with and without joint hypermobility using three dimensional images (plaster casts) of their feet. The preliminary phase of this study evaluated the casting technique against direct measures of foot length, forefoot width, RCSP and forefoot to rearfoot angle. Results indicated accurate representation of elementary foot morphology within the plaster images. The comparative study examined the between and within group differences in measures of foot length and width, and in measures above the support surface (heel inclination angle, forefoot to rearfoot angle, normalized arch height, height of the widest point of the heel) in the two load conditions. Results of measures from plaster images identified that hypermobile children have different barefoot weight bearing foot morphology above the support surface than non-hypermobile children, despite no differences in measures of foot length or width. Based upon the differences in components of control of posture and gait in the hypermobile group, identified in Study One and Study Two, the final study (Study Three), using the same subjects, tested the immediate effect of specifically designed custom-made foot orthoses upon balance and gait of hypermobile children. The design of the orthoses was evaluated against the direct measures and the measures from plaster images of the feet. This ascertained the differences in morphology of the modified casts used to mould the orthoses and the original image of the foot. The orthoses were fitted into standardized running shoes. The effect of the shoe alone was tested upon the non-hypermobile children as the non-therapeutic equivalent condition. Immediate improvement in balance was noted in single leg stance and CoP displacement in the hypermobile group together with significant immediate improvement in the percentage of gait phases and in the percentage of the gait cycle at which maximum plantar flexion of the ankle occurred in gait. The neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal characteristics of children with joint hypermobility are different from those of non-hypermobile children. The Beighton, Solomon and Soskolne (1973) screening criteria successfully classified joint hypermobility in children. As a result of this study joint hypermobility has been identified as a variable which must be controlled in studies of foot morphology and function in children. The outcomes of this study provide a basis upon which to further explore the association between joint hypermobility and neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal conditions, and, have relevance for the physical education of children with joint hypermobility, for footwear and orthotic design processes, and, in particular, for clinical identification and treatment of children with joint hypermobility.
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49

Netscher, Heather Gayle. "The neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal characterization of children with joint hypermobility." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30295/.

Full text
Abstract:
In children, joint hypermobility (typified by structural instability of joints) manifests clinically as neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal conditions and conditions associated with development and organization of control of posture and gait (Finkelstein, 1916; Jahss, 1919; Sobel, 1926; Larsson, Mudholkar, Baum and Srivastava, 1995; Murray and Woo, 2001; Hakim and Grahame, 2003; Adib, Davies, Grahame, Woo and Murray, 2005:). The process of control of the relative proportions of joint mobility and stability, whilst maintaining equilibrium in standing posture and gait, is dependent upon the complex interrelationship between skeletal, muscular and neurological function (Massion, 1998; Gurfinkel, Ivanenko, Levik and Babakova, 1995; Shumway-Cook and Woollacott, 1995). The efficiency of this relies upon the integrity of neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal components (ligaments, muscles, nerves), and the Central Nervous System’s capacity to interpret, process and integrate sensory information from visual, vestibular and proprioceptive sources (Crotts, Thompson, Nahom, Ryan and Newton, 1996; Riemann, Guskiewicz and Shields, 1999; Schmitz and Arnold, 1998) and development and incorporation of this into a representational scheme (postural reference frame) of body orientation with respect to internal and external environments (Gurfinkel et al., 1995; Roll and Roll, 1988). Sensory information from the base of support (feet) makes significant contribution to the development of reference frameworks (Kavounoudias, Roll and Roll, 1998). Problems with the structure and/ or function of any one, or combination of these components or systems, may result in partial loss of equilibrium and, therefore ineffectiveness or significant reduction in the capacity to interact with the environment, which may result in disability and/ or injury (Crotts et al., 1996; Rozzi, Lephart, Sterner and Kuligowski, 1999b). Whilst literature focusing upon clinical associations between joint hypermobility and conditions requiring therapeutic intervention has been abundant (Crego and Ford, 1952; Powell and Cantab, 1983; Dockery, in Jay, 1999; Grahame, 1971; Childs, 1986; Barton, Bird, Lindsay, Newton and Wright, 1995a; Rozzi, et al., 1999b; Kerr, Macmillan, Uttley and Luqmani, 2000; Grahame, 2001), there has been a deficit in controlled studies in which the neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal characteristics of children with joint hypermobility have been quantified and considered within the context of organization of postural control in standing balance and gait. This was the aim of this project, undertaken as three studies. The major study (Study One) compared the fundamental neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal characteristics of 15 children with joint hypermobility, and 15 age (8 and 9 years), gender, height and weight matched non-hypermobile controls. Significant differences were identified between previously undiagnosed hypermobile (n=15) and non-hypermobile children (n=15) in passive joint ranges of motion of the lower limbs and lumbar spine, muscle tone of the lower leg and foot, barefoot CoP displacement and in parameters of barefoot gait. Clinically relevant differences were also noted in barefoot single leg balance time. There were no differences between groups in isometric muscle strength in ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion or extension. The second comparative study investigated foot morphology in non-weight bearing and weight bearing load conditions of the same children with and without joint hypermobility using three dimensional images (plaster casts) of their feet. The preliminary phase of this study evaluated the casting technique against direct measures of foot length, forefoot width, RCSP and forefoot to rearfoot angle. Results indicated accurate representation of elementary foot morphology within the plaster images. The comparative study examined the between and within group differences in measures of foot length and width, and in measures above the support surface (heel inclination angle, forefoot to rearfoot angle, normalized arch height, height of the widest point of the heel) in the two load conditions. Results of measures from plaster images identified that hypermobile children have different barefoot weight bearing foot morphology above the support surface than non-hypermobile children, despite no differences in measures of foot length or width. Based upon the differences in components of control of posture and gait in the hypermobile group, identified in Study One and Study Two, the final study (Study Three), using the same subjects, tested the immediate effect of specifically designed custom-made foot orthoses upon balance and gait of hypermobile children. The design of the orthoses was evaluated against the direct measures and the measures from plaster images of the feet. This ascertained the differences in morphology of the modified casts used to mould the orthoses and the original image of the foot. The orthoses were fitted into standardized running shoes. The effect of the shoe alone was tested upon the non-hypermobile children as the non-therapeutic equivalent condition. Immediate improvement in balance was noted in single leg stance and CoP displacement in the hypermobile group together with significant immediate improvement in the percentage of gait phases and in the percentage of the gait cycle at which maximum plantar flexion of the ankle occurred in gait. The neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal characteristics of children with joint hypermobility are different from those of non-hypermobile children. The Beighton, Solomon and Soskolne (1973) screening criteria successfully classified joint hypermobility in children. As a result of this study joint hypermobility has been identified as a variable which must be controlled in studies of foot morphology and function in children. The outcomes of this study provide a basis upon which to further explore the association between joint hypermobility and neuro-muscular and musculo-skeletal conditions, and, have relevance for the physical education of children with joint hypermobility, for footwear and orthotic design processes, and, in particular, for clinical identification and treatment of children with joint hypermobility.
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50

Carli, Luca. "Studio degli effetti indotti dalle tossine botuliniche a livello di muscolo scheletrico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426408.

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The first project of this thesis is focalized on the study of muscle effects induced by Botulinum neurotoxins. On the basis of the specific myosin heavy chain isoform that they express, mammalian skeletal muscle fibers are classified as Slow (type I) or Fast (type 2) fibers. Slow fibers show low velocity of shortening and high fatigue resistance, whereas fast fibers show high velocity but lesser resistance. Muscle fibers composition is strongly influenced by nerve activity in adult skeletal muscle; in fact, a reduced neuromuscular activity (for example, spinal cord injury) promotes a slow-to-fast fiber transformation in muscle, whereas an increase of muscle activity cause a shift in the opposite direction (fast-to-slow). We observed that a blockade of nerve activity, induced by Botulinum Neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), promotes the expression of the slow isoform of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in contrast with other neuromuscular inactivity models. In order to correlate the MyHC isoform switch with the muscle fiber denervation by BoNT injection we analysed the expression of the marker N-CAM (neural cell adhesion molecule). N-CAM is an integral membrane glycoprotein which accumulates on muscle fiber membrane after denervation and it is not expressed in muscle under physiological condition. The results obtained show that BoNT induced-slow fibers never express N-CAM, while nearby fibers of the same muscle are positive for N-CAM. This observation would suggest that these fibers are still active and that they could undergone to a compensatory overload that lead them to a slow phenotype shift. Current experiments are performed to better understand this phenomenon and to investigate if botulinum neurotoxins block preferentially some motor units rather than others. The second project is based on the study of diffusion of different Botulinum neurotoxin type A formulations injected in the mouse leg. Botulinum neurotoxin type-A is very effective in the therapy of a wide range of human syndromes characterized by hyperactivity of peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals. Little diffusion of this toxin from the site of injection is commonly observed, but even minor changes in this property would greatly affect the validity of the treatment. Different pharmacological formulations of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) are available and they may have different diffusion characteristics due to protein complex size, product format and pharmacological properties. Here, we have assessed the extent of diffusion of three commercial preparations of botulinum neurotoxin type A: Botox? (Allergan, Inc.), Dysport? (Ipsen, Ltd.) and Xeomin? (Merz Pharmaceuticals), using a novel and highly sensitive test based on Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (N-CAM) expression in muscle. N-CAM is a membrane glycoprotein which accumulates on muscle fibres after denervation and is not expressed in the untreated adult muscle. This allows a fine monitoring of the functional diffusion of this toxin and the sensitivity of the present assay is emphasized by the use of the mouse model because of the small muscle dimensions. The results presented here indicate that there is no significant difference between Botox?, Dysport? and Xeomin? with respect to diffusion into adjacent muscles in the mouse leg.
La prima parte di questo lavoro riguarda lo studio degli effetti indotti dalle tossine botuliniche nel muscolo scheletrico. In base a diverse caratteristiche, le fibre costituenti il muscolo scheletrico vengono distinte in fibre lente e fibre veloci. Le fibre muscolari lente (tipo I) presentano bassa velocità di contrazione ed elevata resistenza all’affaticamento. Le fibre veloci (tipo II) presentano elevata velocità di contrazione ma bassa resistenza all’affaticamento. E’ stato dimostrato da diversi studi che stati di inattività muscolare portano a una maggiore espressione di fibre veloci. Al contrario, l’aumento dell’attività muscolare induce un incremento in fibre lente. Le nostre osservazioni riportano, contrariamente a quanto atteso, che in seguito alla paralisi indotta da tossina botulinica una parte delle fibre del muscolo tibiale anteriore (che fisiologicamente presenta fibre veloci) cambiano il loro fenotipo diventando lente. Per correlare il cambiamento fenotipico delle fibre con la paralisi indotta dalle BoNTs è stata analizzata l’espressione di N-CAM (neural cell adhesion molecule). N-CAM è una glicoproteina di adesione che viene espressa sulle fibre muscolari in seguito a denervazione o paralisi mentre non è espressa in condizioni fisiologiche. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che le fibre diventate lente non esprimono mai N-CAM mentre le altre fibre dello stesso muscolo sono positive per tale marcatura. Queste osservazioni suggeriscono che tali fibre siano andate incontro ad un sovraccarico compensatorio che le ha portate al cambiamento da fibre veloci a fibre lente. Gli esperimenti attualmente in corso sono rivolti a comprendere tale fenomeno e capire se le tossine botuliniche possano essere selettive per certe unità motorie rispetto ad altre. La seconda parte del progetto sfrutta la proprietà di N-CAM di essere espressa solo nelle fibre muscolari paralizzate di topo adulto per lo studio comparativo della diffusione di diverse preparazioni commerciali di tossina botulinica di sierotipo A. Molti disturbi dovuti ad iperattività colinergica del sistema nervoso periferico vengono comunemente trattati nella pratica clinica mediante l’uso di preparazioni farmaceutiche di tossina botulinica. In questo progetto, tre preparazioni commercialmente disponibili di tossina botulinica di sierotipo A (Botox?-Allergan, Inc., Dysport?-Ipsen, Ltd. e Xeomin?-Merz Pharmaceuticals), sono state studiate e comparate in termini di diffusione dal sito di iniezione intramuscolare nel topo. I dati ottenuti dimostrano che le tre preparazioni di tossina botulinica presentano una diffusione limitata ai muscoli adiacenti al sito di iniezione e che le tre formulazioni hanno un profilo di diffusione molto simile tra loro.
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