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Baptista, Luciane Pansardi Cabreira. "Variabilidade na produção de embriões: Mus domesticus domesticus." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5624.
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Cheuiche, Zilah Maria Gervasio. "Vitrificação de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus envazados em microcapilares de quartzo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/36859.
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O objetivo do experimento foi determinar as taxas de sobrevivência pós vitrificação de blastocistos murinos (experimento 1) expostos à duas associações de crioprotetores e envasados em micropipetas de quartzo (QMC) ou de vidro (GMP) e, (experimento 2) comparar as taxas de sobrevivência obtidas na vitrificação dos embriões envasados em QMC de dois diâmetros internos (0,1 mm ou 0,2 mm). No experimento 1, blastocistos murinos coletados no dia 4 de desenvolvimento foram selecionados morfologicamente e divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos. Grupo 1 (Controle 1): embriões colocados em cultivo imediatamente após a coleta. Grupo 2: embriões expostos a 10% PROH + 10% EG + 0,5% PVA em PBSm (ES1) por 1 min e em seguida expostos a 20% PROH + 20% EG + 0,5% PVA em PBSm (VS1) por no máximo 30 seg, período em que foram envasados em QMC. Grupo 3: idem ao Grupo 2 com envase em GMP. Grupo 4: embriões expostos a 10% DMSO + 10% EG + 0,5% PVA em PBSm (ES2) por 1 min e em seguida expostos a 20% DMSO + 20% EG + 0,5% PVA em PBSm (VS2), por no máximo 30 seg, período em que foram envasados em QMC. Grupo 5: idem ao grupo 4 com envase em GMP. Após a exposição às soluções de vitrificação, os capilares foram imediatamente imersos em N2 líquido. Grupo 6 (Controle 2): embriões não vitrificados colocados em cultivo somente após o final dos procedimentos dos grupos tratados. No segundo experimento, a exemplo do primeiro, foram formados os seguintes grupos: Grupo 1 (controle 1): embriões colocados em cultivo imediatamente após a coleta; Grupo 2: embriões envasados em QCM de 0,1mm de diâmetro; Grupo 3: embriões envasados em QCM de 0,2mm de diâmetro; Grupo 4 (controle 2): embriões não vitrificados colocados somente após o término da vitrificação. Para vitrificação foi utilizado o tratamento 4 do experimento 1. Nos dois experimentos, os embriões vitrificados foram reaquecidos pela exposição a 0,25M de sacarose em PBSm, a 37°C, durante 5min para a retirada do crioprotetor. Após, os embriões foram transferidos para o cultivo in vitro em meio KSOM durante 72h. As taxas de eclosão dos blastocistos nos grupos do experimento 1 foram: G1: 83,07% (54/65), G2: 47,3% (23/49), G3: 38,4% (20/52), G4: 60,4% (29/48), G5: 41,1 (21/51), G6: 77,4% (55/71). No segundo experimento, as taxas de eclosão dos blastocistos foram: G1: 82,5% (33/40), G2: 55,3% (17/31), G3: 58,5% (22/38), G4: 82,0% (41/50). Os resultados observados nos experimentos mostraram que não houve diferença significativa na taxa de eclosão entre os grupos experimentais, entretanto, todos foram inferiores (P>0,05) aos controles. As soluçõesutilizadas, os GMP e os dois diâmetros do QCM testados permitiram que blastocistos murinos vitrificados apresentassem taxas de sobrevivência in vitro semelhantes entre si.The aim of the experiment was to determine the survival rates after vitrification of mice blastocysts exposed to two different associations of cryoprotectants and loaded in quartz microcapillaries (QCM) or glass microcapillaries (GMP) and, later, to compare the embryo survival rates obtained with murine blastocysts loaded into QMC with two internal diameters (0.1 mm or 0.2 mm). In experiment 1, the murine blastocysts were collected on day 4 of development and morphologically selected and randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 (control 1): not vitrified blastocysts cultured into KSOM drops immediately after collection. Group 2: embryos exposed for 1 minute at 10% PROH, 10% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm(ES1) and after exposed to 20% PROH, 20% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm (VS1) within 30 seconds, then loaded in QMC. Group 3: the same to group 2 however loaded in GMP. Group 4: exposed to 10% DMSO, 10% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm(ES2) and after exposed to 20% DMSO, 20% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm(VS2), loaded in QMC. Group 5: the same to group 4 however loaded in GMP. After exposure to vitrification solutions, the capillaries were immediately immersed in LN2. Group 6 (Control 2): not vitrified embryos placed in culture only after the end of vitrification of the treated groups. The second experiment consisted of the following groups: Group 1 (control 1) embryos transferred to culture immediately after collection; Group 2: embryos loaded in QCM with 0.1 mm internal diameter, and Group 3: embryos loaded in QCM with 0.2 mm internal diameter diameter, and Group 4 (control 2): not vitrified embryos placed in culture only after the end vitrification procedures. Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to ES2 and VS2 and later loaded in QMC 0.1 or 0.2 mm in diameter, immediately immersed in LN2. Blastocysts were warmed by exposure to 0.25 M sucrose in PBSm at 37 °C for 5min to remove the cryoprotectant. After warming, the embryos were transferred to 100 μL drops of KSOM during 72 hours. Hatching rates were observed in groups of experiment 1 were: G1: 83.07% (54/65), G2: 47.3% (23/49), G3: 38.4% (20/52), G4: 60.4% (29/48), G5: 41.1 (21/51), G6: 77.4% (55/71). In the second experiment, the blastocyst hatching rates were: G1: 82.5% (33/40), G2: 55.3% (17/31), G3: 58.5% (22/38), G4: 82% (41/50). The results observed in both experiments showed no significant difference in embryo hatching rates among the experimental groups, but all were inferior (P>0.05) to controls. The vitrification solutions used, the GMP and the QCM at two diameters tested provided similar embryo survival rates.
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Forestier, Tatiana. "Environnement socio-olfactif et choix alimentaires chez la souris domestique, Mus musculus domesticus." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD003/document.
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Le succès écologique de la souris domestique, Mus musculus domesticus, repose en partie par sa capacité à adapter son régime alimentaire aux ressources disponibles. La transmission sociale des préférences alimentaires (TSPA) est un apprentissage observé chez les rongeurs, leur permettant d’élargir leur répertoire alimentaire à moindre risque en obtenant des informations olfactives surde nouveaux aliments à partir des congénères. Cet apprentissage social s’observe directement,lors d’une rencontre avec un congénère ou indirectement, via des marques odorantes. Ce travail a pour but de déterminer comment les souris utilisent leur environnement socio-olfactif pour réaliser des choix alimentaires. Nos résultats ont révélé que l’absence du congénère lors de laTSPA indirecte réduit les contraintes sociales associées à une rencontre et permet l’acquisition de la TSPA entre femelles inconnues. Cependant, certaines contraintes physiques associées à la perception des informations dans les fèces peuvent réduire la disponibilité des informations alimentaires. Enfin, nous avons montré que les différentes préoccupations sexuelles des individus affectent la hiérarchisation des informations présentes dans les fèces et limitent, chez les mâles,l’acquisition de la TSPA. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’utilisation d’informations alimentaires chez les souris varie selon leur contexte social et écologique et implique différents processus tels que l’émotion et l’attention. En conditions naturelles, les voies directe et indirecte de la TSPA pourraient être complémentaires, chacune élargissant les conditions de transmission de l’information alimentaire chez les rongeursThe ecological success of the house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, implies a great capacity to adapt its diet to available food resources. The social transmission of food preference (STFP) is an adaptive type of learning observed in rodents allowing them to enlarge their food repertoire at lower risk by getting olfactory information on novel food sources from conspecifics. This social learning takes place directly, during an encounter with a conspecific or indirectly, via olfactory marks. The objective of this thesis work was to determine how mice use their socio-olfactory environment to make food choices. Our results revealed that the absence of the conspecific during the indirect STFP reduces the social constraints associated with an encounter and allows the acquisition of STFP between unfamiliar conspecifics. However, some physical constraints associated with the perception of information in feces may reduce the availability of food information. We also showed that different sex concerns of individuals may affect the prioritization of information present in feces and limit, in males, the acquisition of STFP. Our results suggest that the use of food information in mice varies according to their social and ecological context and involves different processes such as emotion and attention. Under natural conditions, the direct and indirect STFP could be complementary, each of them extending the conditions for the transmission of food information in rodents
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Costa, Alexandre Aiquel Vaz. "Vitrificação de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus envasados em palheta convencional dotada de haste metálica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12698.
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O objetivo deste experimento foi determinar a sobrevivência de blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus vitrificado em palhetas na presença de uma haste metálica .Blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus coletados no quarto dia após a fecundação, foram avaliados morfologicamente e divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos. Os embriões do grupo controle foram transferidos para gotas de meio KSOM e cultivados in vitro por 48 horas. Os embriões selecionados para criopreservação foram expostos a uma solução crioprotetora constituída por PBSm + de 10% etileno-glicol + 10% propileno-glicol, para promover uma desidratação das células embrionárias. Após foram transferidos para a solução de vitrificação que continha 20% etilenoglicol + 20% propilenoglicol diluídos em PBSm, e mantidos durante 25 segundos, sendo imediatamente imersos em nitrogênio submetido à vácuo. As taxas de sobrevivência embrionária revelaram uma maior eficiência da técnica com a inserção da peça metálica (56,21% - 86/153) em relação ao método convencional (18,84% - 26/138). Concluímos assim que a presença da peça metálica em contato com a amostra propiciou maior taxa de sobrevivência dos embriões submetidos à vitrificação envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL.The aim of this experiment was determine the Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts survival rates after vitrification in straws containing a metallic stick, that allows to increase the temperature changes among the nitrogen and the embryo sample. Day 4 Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts were collected from superovulated donnors and after morphologically evaluation were randomly divided in three groups. The embryos select as control group were transferred to KSOM medium drops and in vitro cultured during 48 hours. The crioperservation selected embryos were first exposed to a cryoprotective solution (modified PBS + 10% ethylene-glycol and 10% propylene-glycol) to promote embryo cell dehydration and after exposed during 25 seconds to the vitrification solution composed by modified PBS + 20% ethylene-glycol and 20% propylene-glycol, and immediately plunged into slush liquid nitrogen. The embryo survival rate in group vitrified in the straws containing the metallic stick (56,21% - 86/153) was significantly different from the observed in the group loaded in original straws (18,84% - 26/138). In conclusion, the presence of the metallic stick in contact with the sample was efficient to enhance more suitable survival rates after vitrification of Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts loaded in 0,25 mL straws.
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Masterson, Dawn E. "Infanticide and parental care in mice Mus musculus domesticus." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241418.
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Osuna, Alexander Nivia. "Sobrevivência in vitro de blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus vitrificados em macro ou microvolume de crioprotetor." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13372.
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O desenvolvimento de protocolos eficientes para a vitrificação de embriões mamíferos ainda é um desafio para os especialistas em reprodução. Soluções crioprotetoras de baixa toxicidade associadas a técnicas seguras de envase são fatores fundamentais, para proporcionarem uma eficiente identificação e controle sanitário das amostras. Dois experimentos foram realizados para determinar a taxa de sobrevivência de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus envasados em palhetas convencionais (0,25 mL), na presença de uma haste metálica de ouro, empregando soluções crioprotetoras descritas para a vitrificação em microvolume. No experimento 1, avaliou-se a toxicidade da solução de desidratação (SD: PBSm + 10% EG + 10% PROH + 0,5 M sacarose), expondo-se os embriões por diferentes tempos: 1 (T1), 3 (T2) ou 10 min (T3). A toxicidade da solução de vitrificação (SV: PBSm + 20% EG + 20% PROH) foi determinada pela exposição dos embriões durante 25, 60 ou 180 seg, previamente desidratados por 1 ou 3 min. No experimento 2, avaliou-se a utilização do macrovolume (palhetas com a haste de ouro) e microvolume (micropipetas de vidro - GMP) na vitrificação dos blastocistos expostos à SV por 25 seg, previamente desidratados por 1 ou 3 min. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste Qui-Quadrado (P<0,05). No experimento 1, não foi observada diferença estatística entre as taxas de eclosão dos embriões desidratados: T1=68,0% (38/56), T2=72,0% (36/50), T3=71,0% (39/55) e o grupo controle, (74,0% - 48/65). No entanto, houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) na taxa de eclosão em relação ao tempo de exposição dos embriões à SV. Os embriões desidratados por 1 ou 3 min e expostos à SV por 25 seg proporcionaram maiores taxas de re-expansão (79,0% vs 84,0%) e de eclosão (58,0% vs 72,0%), em relação aos tempos de exposição de 60 e 180 seg. No experimento 2, após a vitrificação dos embriões envasados nas palhetas com a haste de ouro, a taxa de eclosão dos blastocistos previamente desidratados por 1 min foi de 16,0% (10/64) e de 4,0% (2/57) quando previamente desidratados por 3 min. Por outro lado, os embriões envasados nas GMP, e previamente desidratados por 3 min, foram os que apresentaram maior taxa de eclosão (60,0% - 52/86). A vitrificação de embriões utilizando soluções crioprototetoras descritas para microvolume não foi eficiente na crioproteção dos blastocistos envasados em palhetas convencionais com a haste de ouro.The development of efficient vitrification protocols for mammalian embryos still is a challenge for reproductive biologists. Low toxicity cryoprotectant solutions and safe vitrifications procedures that allow sample identification and sanitary control are fundamental factors. Two experiments were conducted to determine the survival rate of vitrified Mus domesticus domesticus embryos loaded into straws containing a metallic piece (manufactured in gold), using cryoprotectant solutions described for microvolume vitrification procedures. In Experiment 1, the toxicity of the dehydratation solution (SD: PBSm +10% EG + 10% PROH + 0,5 M sucrose) was evaluated using three different embryo exposure times: 1 (T1), 3 (T2) or 10 min (T3), in addition as well as the toxicity of the vitrification solution (SV: PBSm + 20% EG + 20% PROH) was also tested upon embryo exposure for 25, 60 or 180 sec, previously dehydration for 1 or 3 min. In Experiment 2, the use of macrovolume (straw with a stem of gold) or microvolume (glass micropipettes – GMP) was evaluated for the vitrification of blastocysts after exposure to SV for 25 sec and previous dehydration for 1 or 3 min. Data were analized by the Chi-square test (P<0,05). In Experiment 1, statistical differences were not observed between hatching rates of dehydrated embryos: T1=68.0% (38/56), T2=72.0% (36/50), T3=71.0% (39/55) and control group embryos, (74.0% - 48/65). However, a significant difference (P <0,05) was observed between hatching rates after embryos exposure to the SV. Embryos dehydrated for 1 or 3 min and exposed for 25 sec to the SV showed higher re-expansion (79.0% vs. 84.0%) and hatching rates (58.0% vs. 72.0%) than embryos exposed to SV for 60 or 180 sec. In Experiment 2, after vitrification of the embryos loaded into straws containing a metallic piece showed a hatching rate of 16.0% (10/64) when previouslly dehydrated for 1 min, and 4.0% (2/57) when for 3 min. On the other hand, embryos loaded into GMP, previouslly dehydrated for 3 min, showed a higher hatching rate, (60.0% - 52/60). Embryo vitrification using a cryoprotectant solution described as suitable for microvolume was not efficient to cryoprotect blastocysts loaded into macrovolume straws containing a metallic piece.
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Firman, Renee C. "The evolutionary implications of polyandry in house mice (Mus domesticus)." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0162.
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[Truncated abstract] Despite the costs associated with mating, females of many taxa solicit multiple mates during a single reproductive event (polyandry). Polyandry is clearly adaptive when females gain direct benefits from males at mating. However, polyandry has also been shown to increase female fitness in the absence of direct benefits. Thus, a number of genetic benefit hypotheses have been developed to account for the origin of this behaviour. Although not mutually exclusive, a distinction lays between genetic benefits that propose defense against reproductive failure (nonadditive genetic effects), and those that propose benefits from intrinsic sire effects (additive genetic effects). Nonadditive genetic benefits of polyandry have been documented in a number of species; by soliciting multiple mates females can avoid inbreeding and other forms of incompatibility between parental genotypes. Polyandry may also increase female reproductive success when genetically superior males have greater success in sperm competition, and produce better quality offspring. An inevitable consequence of polyandry is that sperm from rival males will overlap in the female reproductive tract and compete to fertilise the ova. The outcome of sperm competition is typically determined by bias in sperm use by the females, interactions between parental genotypes, and ejaculate characteristics that provide a fertilisation advantage. Thus, sperm competition is recognised as a persuasive force in the evolution of male reproductive traits. Comparative analyses across species, and competitive mating trials within species have suggested that sperm competition can influence the evolution of testis size and sperm production, and both sperm form and sperm function. ... After six generations of selection I observed phenotypic divergence in litter size - litter size increased in the polyandrous lines but not in the monandrous lines. This result was not attributable to inbreeding depression, or environmental/maternal effects associated with mating regime. Genetic benefits associated with polyandry could account for this result if increased litter size were attributable to increased embryo survival. However, males from the polyandrous lineages were subject to sperm competition, and evolved ejaculates with more sperm, suggesting that evolutionary increases in litter size may in part be due to improved male fertility. Finally, Chapter Five is an investigation of the natural variation in levels of polyandry in the wild, and the potential for sperm competition to drive macroevolutionary changes in male reproductive traits among geographically isolated island populations of house mice. I sampled seven island populations of house mice along the coast of Western Australia and, by genotyping pregnant females and their offspring, determined the frequency of multiply sired litters within each population. I applied the frequency of multiple paternity as an index of the risk of sperm competition, and looked for selective responses in testis size and ejaculate traits. I found that the risk of sperm competition predicted testis size across the seven island populations. However, variation in sperm traits was not explained by the risk of sperm competition. I discuss these results in relation to sperm competition theory, and extrinsic factors that influence ejaculate quality.
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Jones, Catherine S. "Mitochondrial DNA variation in British house mice (Mus domesticus, Rutty)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426183.
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Morphometric, karyological and historical evidence indicates that Caithness and Orkney House mice (Mus.domesticus Rutty) are genetically distinct from other British mice, suggesting they are descended from introductions. Mitochondrial DNA is a small, rapidly evolving, maternally inherited molecule; hence each mtDNA molecule carries in its sequence the history of its lineage uncomplicated by recombination. Thus, mtDNA RFLPs can be used for analysing possible patterns of colonisation and gene flow in these populations. Highly purified mtDNA was isolated from each mouse and mapped, using the high resolution restriction method, with respect to the published sequence of mouse mtDNA. This allowed the types and incidence of mutational change by which mtDNA evolves in the House mouse to be evaluated. A total of 23 mtDNA composite genotypes, assayed using 14 restriction enzymes, were recognised among the British mice examined and a genetic "break" observed between individuals from the north of Britain (Orkney, Ireland and N.E. Scotland; N.W lineage) and those from the south (British mainland, south of Caithness and Sutherland; S.E lineage)~ The approximate location of this "break" corresponds with the Great Glen fault, which marks a boundary between inhospitable moorland, occupied by Apode7ltus. Geographic orientation of mtDNA variability is concordant with data from other sources, including the paternal Y-chromosome DNA. The House mouse is unlikely to have survived the 1ast glaciation, dating the earliest possible British colonisation to about 10,000 B.P. An integrated approach, using evidence from anthropological, palaeontological, genetical and historical sources, permits the progression of the house mouse to be followed through Europe. These data indicate that Mus domesticus probably reached North-West Europe and Britain in the Iron
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Assaf, Sabrina Silveira. "Vitrificação de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus contidos em volumes diferentes de 9,0 m de etileno glicol." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1921.
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Os experimentos tiveram como objetivo determinar a taxa de eclosão dos embriões vitrificados em volumes diferentes de 9,0 M de etileno glicol. Simultaneamente, testou-se dois procedimentos de estocagem dos fios de teflon, denominados caixa de aço inoxidável e globete/raque. No experimento I, os 881 embriões coletados foram distribuídos em 4 tratamentos: tratamento 1 (T1= controle): 307 embriões foram cultivados in vitro em meio PBSm, acrescido de 0,4% de BSA; tratamento 2 (T2): 292 embriões foram expostos à solução de glicerol 10% acrescida de 0,4% de BSA, envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL e submetidos ao congelamento pelo método rápido em Biocool; tratamento 3 (T3): 138 embriões foram expostos durante 2 minutos à solução de desidratação (10% de EG + 6% BSA em PBSm) e então transferidos para a solução de vitrificação (50% de EG + 6% de BSA em PBSm), onde permaneceram por 30 segundos e foram colocados em volume de 1 μL no interior de um fio de teflon, medindo 0,4 mm de diâmetro, 2,0 cm de comprimento e 0,05 mm de espessura. Os fios foram acondicionados em uma caixa de aço inoxidável para serem armazenados em nitrogênio líquido; tratamento 4 (T4): 144 embriões foram expostos à solução de desidratação (10% de EG + 6% BSA em PBSm) e após 2 minutos, foram transferidos para a solução de vitrificação (50% de EG + 6% BSA em PBSm), onde permaneceram por 30 segundos, sendo após transferidos para um volume de 1 μL no interior do fio de teflon. Os fios de teflon foram estocados em globetes unidos às raques e mantidos em nitrogênio líquido. Após o aquecimento, os embriões foram cultivados em PBSm suplementado com 0,4% de BSA. As taxas de eclosão embrionária observadas foram: T1=76,29% (245/307); T2=41,05% (117/292); T3=37,98% (54/138) e T4=26,78% (37/144). No segundo experimento, 747 embriões foram distribuídos em 3 tratamentos: tratamento 1 (T1= controle): 80 embriões foram cultivados in vitro em meio KSOM acrescido de 0,4% de BSA; tratamento 2 (T2): 334 embriões expostos em solução de glicerol 10% acrescida de 0,4% de BSA, foram envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL e submetidos ao congelamento pelo método rápido em Biocool; tratamento 3 (T3): 333 blastocistos foram expostos durante 2 minutos à solução de desidratação (10% de EG + 0,4% BSA em PBSm) e então transferidos para tubos eppendorf de 2,0 mL em contato com a solução de vitrificação (50% de EG + 0,4% BSA em PBSm). Após o cultivo in vitro, as taxas de eclosão embrionária observadas nos 3 tratamentos foram respectivamente: 88,75% (71/80), 40,44% (141/334) e 19,70% (66/333). Baseado nesses resultados conclui-se que embriões Mus domesticus domesticus submetidos à técnica de vitrificação após exposição à solução de 9,0 M de etileno glicol e envase em fios de teflon assegurou índices satisfatórios de sobrevivência embrionária. As taxas de sobrevivência dos embriões Mus domesticus domesticus foi independente do procedimento de estocagem em botijão de nitrogênio líquido. A vitrificação em solução de 9,0 M de etileno glicol com envase em tubos eppendorf não foi eficiente para promover altas taxas de sobrevivência embrionária, mas proporcionou segurança biológica aos embriões, durante o armazenamento.This work was performed with Mus domesticus domesticus embryos to verify the in vitro viability of vitrified embryos using differents volumes of ethylene glycol–based solution. The experiment I consisted of four treatments. The 881 collected embryos were arranged as follows: treatment 1(control): 307 fresh embryos were cultured in vitro in PBSm + 0.4% BSA without being exposed to either dehydration or cryoprotectants agents; treatment 2: 292 embryos were loaded into 0.25 mL french straws containing 10% glycerol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm and after 10 minutes the straws were submitted to the rapid-freezing procedure (Biocool®, controlled freezer); treatment 3:138 embryos were exposed during 2 minutes to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) and then transferred to the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) in teflon wire with 0.4 mm diameter, 2 cm length and 0.05 mm thickness containing the drop of 1μL volume, and placed into stainless steel box for the storage in LN2; treatment 4:144 embryos were exposed to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) and after 2 minutes were transferred to the teflon wire, that was previousily loaded with 1μL of the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm). Finally, the teflon wires were placed into plastic globets attached to aluminum canes and maintained in LN2. After thawing, the embryos were serially washed in PBSm, and then cultured in PBSm supplemented with 0.4% BSA. The hatched blastocyst rates observed in the treatments were: T1=76.29% (245/307); T2=41.05% (117/292); T3=37.98% (54/138) and T4=26.78% (37/144). In the second experiment, 747 embryos were arranged as follows: treatment 1(control): consisted of 80 fresh embryos cultured in vitro in KSOM medium + 0.4% BSA without being exposed to either dehydration or cryoprotectants agents; treatment 2: 334 embryos were loaded into 0.25 mL french straws containing 10% glycerol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm and after 10 minutes the straws were submitted to the rapid-freezing procedure (Biocool®, controlled freezer); treatment 3: 333 embryos were exposed during 2 minutes to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm) and then transferred to the eppendorf tubes loaded with the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm). After in vitro culture, the hatched blastocysts rates observed were: T1=88.75% (71/80); T2=40.44% (141/334) and T3=19.70% (66/333). Based on these results it is concluded that the embryos of Mus domesticus domesticus submitted to vitrification procedure after being exposed to 9.0 M of ethylene glycol – based solution and loaded in teflon wires were efficient to promote satisfactory embryo survival rates. The survival rate of Mus domesticus domesticus embryos was independent of the LN2 storage procedure. The vitrification procedure after being exposed to 9.0 M of ethylene glycol – based solution and loaded in eppendorf tubes were not efficient to promote high embryo survival rate, but to warrant the embryo’s biologically security during storage in liquid nitrogen.
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Gray, Samantha Jane. "The effects of habitat structure on the social behaviour of house mice : (Mus domesticus and Mus spretus)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338523.
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Houle-Leroy, Philippe. "Impacts physiologiques d'une sélection visant à accroître la course volontaire chez la souris domestique, Mus domesticus." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44720.pdf.
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Villamil, Paula Rodriguez. "Vitrificação de blastocistos mus domesticus domesticus expostos à solução crioprotetora com dimetilformamida e envase em microcapilares produzidos industrialmente." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16240.
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Os objetivos dos experimentos foram primeiro testar a presença da dimetilformamida (DF) nas soluções crioprotetoras e segundo avaliar a viabilidade in vitro pós aquecimento de blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus vitrificados em microcapilares manufaturados industrialmente. O primeiro experimento testou a capacidade de vitrificação das diferentes soluções de vitrificação, compostas pelas combinações de etileno glicol (EG) ou 1-2 propanediol (PROH) com as diferentes porcentagens de DF. No segundo experimento se testou a toxicidade de 3 soluções de equilíbrio: ES1 (PBSm + 10% PROH + 10% DF + 0.5% PVA), ES2 (PBSm+ 10% EG+ 10% DF + 0.5% PVA), ES3 (PBSm + 10% PROH + 10% EG + 0.5% PVA), através da exposição dos embriões durante 3 períodos de tempo (1, 3 e 10 min). O cultivo in vitro após a exposição às soluções de equilíbrio foi realizado em meio de KSOM durante 72 h. Os resultados de re-expansão foram semelhantes entre as três soluções, quando os embriões foram expostos por 1 ou 3 min. Por outro lado, a exposição à ES3 por 10 min, revelou uma maior taxa de sobrevivência dos embriões, em relação às outras soluções testadas. No terceiro experimento, após expor-se os embriões às soluções de equilíbrio, ES1, ES2 e ES3 por 1 min, a vitrificação foi realizada utilizando-se as seguintes soluções: VS1 (PBSm + 20% PROH + 20% DF + 0.5% PVA); VS2 (PBSm + 20% EG + 20% DF+ 0.5%PVA) and VS3 (PBSm + 20% EG + 20% PROH + 0.5% PVA). Imediatamente após a exposição por 30 s às soluções de vitrificação os embriões foram envasados em micropipetas de vidro (GMPs) e mergulhados em nitrogênio líquido superresfriado. As GMPs foram aquecidas no ar durante 10 s e após os embriões foram expostos durante 5 min ao PBSm + 0,25 M sacarose a 37 °C, finalmente transferidos para gotas de meio KSOM e cultivados in vitro durante 72 horas. As taxas de re-expansão dos embriões após o cultivo in vitro foram as seguintes: ES1/VS1 = 12% (13/108); ES2/VS2 = 38% (46/111) e ES3/VS3 = 84% (89/105). A eclosão dos embriões observada após o cultivo in vitro foi de: ES1/VS1 = 3% (3/108); ES2/VS2 = 17% (19/111) e ES3/VS3 = 70% (73/105). As taxas de sobrevivência revelaram que a presença da dimetilformamida na solução crioprotetora reduz a viabilidade embrionária e que a associação de EG + PROH é eficiente na manutenção da viabilidade embrionária após a vitrificação. O segundo artigo descreve os experimentos de vitrificação, utilizando-se para o envase dos embriões um microcapilar de vidro (GMC), produzido industrialmente (Brand®). Blastocistos murinos após a coleta foram divididos em três grupos: Controle, embriões cultivados in vitro em KSOM por 72 horas; Grupo 1, vitrificados envasados em micropipetas de vidro (GMPs) esticadas manualmente; Grupo 2, vitrificados envasados nas GMCs (Brand® - 5 µL). O procedimento de vitrificação foi o seguinte: primeiro os embriões foram expostos à solução de equilíbrio (PBSm + 10% EG + 10% PROH and 0.5% PVA) por 1 min e após transferidos para a solução de vitrificação (PBSm + 20% EG + 20% PROH + 0.5% PVA) por 30 s, envasados nas GMPS ou GMCs e imediatamente mergulhados em nitrogênio superresfriado. As taxas de sobrevivência dos embriões após o aquecimento e cultivo in vitro, não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos. O envase dos embriões nas GMCs proporcionou sobreviênvia embrionária similar à observada nos embriões envasados nas GMPs.The aims of these experiments were first, determine the effect of dimethylformamide (DF) into cryoprotectant solutions and sencondly, evaluated the in vitro viability of blastocyst Mus domesticus domesticus vitrified into glass microcapillaries (Brand®). The first article described the efficiency of DF in association with ethylene glycol (EG) and 1-2 propanediol (PROH) on in vitro viability of vitrified mouse blastocysts. Initially, the differents cryoprotectant solutions were tested on its capacities to induce virification. In the second experiment to determine the cryoprotectant toxicity the embryos were exposed during 1, 3 and 10 min to three different equilibrium solutions ES1 (PBSm + 10% PROH+ 10% DF + 0.5% PVA), ES2 (PBSm+10% EG+ 10% DF + 0.5% PVA), ES3 (PBSm + 10% PROH + 10% EG + 0.5% PVA). After 72 hours of in vitro culture in KSOM medium, re-expansion and hatching rates showed no differences among the tested cryoprotectant solutions for 1 or 3 min exposition interval time. However, for the 10 min exposition interval time, ES3 was more effective to promote embryo survival than the others tested cryoprotectant solutions. In the third experiment, blastocysts were vitrified after been exposed to one of the equilibrium solutions (ES1, ES2 or ES3) during 1 min. After that the embryos were transferred to one of the vitrification solutions (VS1 = PBSm + 20% PROH + 20% DF+ 0.5% PVA; VS2 = PBSm + 20% EG+ 20% DF+ 0.5% PVA and VS3 = PBSm + 20% EG+ 20% PROH+ 0.5% PVA) during 30 s, loaded into glass micro pipettes (GMPs) to be plungged into super-cooled liquid nitrogen. The GMPs were thawed in air during 10 s, transferred into drops of PBSm + 0,25 M sucrose at 37 °C for 5 min, and finally transferred to KSOM medium for in vitro culture. After 72 hours the expansion and hatched rates were evaluated. Results demonstrated a significantly difference between the vitrification solutions, showing better hatching rates the embryos vitrified into the ES3/EV3 solution. Therefore, these data shows that the cryoprotectants solutions containning dimethylformamide have deleterious effects on the developmental competence of vitrified mouse blastocysts, and the highest expansion and hatching rates were obtained when the cryoprotectant solution containning an EG and PROH association. The purpose of the second study was to determine the in vitro expansion and hatching rates of vitrified mouse blastocysts loaded into commercially available glass micro-capillaries (GMC - Brand® 5µL). In the early morning at day 4 of the pregnancy, collected blastocysts were divided in three groups: Control: embryos were in vitro culture during 72 hours into KSOM medium; Group 1, blastocyst vitrified into glass micropipettes (GMP); Group 2, blastocyst vitrified into GMC. The embryos were first exposed to the equilibrium solution (PBSm + 10% EG + 10% PROH + 0.5% PVA) for 1 min and then transferred into the vitrification solution (PBSm + 20% EG + 20% PROH + 0.5% PVA) for 30 sec. Blastocysts were loaded into GMP or GMC and plunged into super-cooled liquid nitrogen. Embryo warming was carried out by plunging the narrowest end of the capillaries into droplets of 0.25 M sucrose mantained at 37°C. After 5 min, embryos in vitro culture into KSOM medium for 72 hours. Blastocyst survival rates did not show significant differences between the groups. The tested manufacturated GMC (Brand®) showed the same efficiency as the GMP to load mouse blastocysts for vitrification.
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Cromie, Anthea Alexandra. "Behavioural and physiological counter-strategies to infanticide in mice (Mus musculus domesticus)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241423.
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Lange, Mateus da Costa. "Vitrificação de diferentes estádios embrionários de Mus domesticus domesticus envasados em microvolume e expostos ao nitrogênio líquido A-200ºC." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14065.
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Manolakou, Ekaterini. "Etude multilocus d'interactions génomiques entre les sous-espèces "Mus musculus musculus" et "Mus musculus domesticus" à partir des croisements contrôlés." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20136.
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Ce travail porte sur les interactions genomiques entre deux sous-especes de souris, mus musculus musculus et m. M. Domesticus, qui forment une zone d'hybridation traversant l'europe, a partir de croisements controles. Les principaux resultats reveles par les analyses genetiques multilocus de retrocroisements intersubspecifiques sont: a) un certain nombre de biais de transmission, en ce qui concerne la segregation mono et multilocus b) des modifications locales importantes du taux de recombinaison, sur le chromosome x, entre marqueurs lies et c) certaines correlations entre la fertilite individuelle des femelles f1 et le pourcentage du genome maternel transmis. Pour expliquer l'ensemble de ces observations, une combinaison de deviations meiotiques chez les f1 (phenomenes d'affinite chromosomique et de distorsion de segregation) et de selection post-zygotique precoce chez les backcross, devrait operer. La complexite des interactions genomiques revelees suggere l'existence d'un grand nombre de genes epistatiques impliques dans la divergence fonctionnelle entre les deux taxons. La cohesion globale du genome, traduite par la distribution des classes d'heterozygotes des descendants backcross, pourrait au niveau de la zone d'hybridation renforcer la reduction du flux genique entre les deux sous-especes
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Porcherie, Adeline. "Susceptibilité aux parasites des hybrides entre "Mus musculus" et "Mus musculus domesticus" : origine du phénomène et rôle dans la contre-sélection des hybrides." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20083.
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Sans, Fuentes Maria Assumpció. "Estudio biológico de "Mus domesticus", Rutty 1772, en una zona de polimorfismo Robertsoniano." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/788.
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El ratón doméstico, Mus domesticus, es un roedor comensal cuyo cariotipo estándar está formado por 40 cromosomas acrocéntricos. En su área natural de distribución, es frecuente la reducción de este número cromosómico debido a la presencia de un tipo de mutación denominada translocación Robertsoniana, que consiste en la fusión céntrica de dos cromosomas acrocéntricos para dar lugar a un cromosoma metacéntrico. En Europa y norte de África se han descrito más de 40 razas cromosómicas, definiendo como raza a un grupo de poblaciones contiguas que comparten el mismo juego de cromosomas Robertsonianos en homocigosis. Es frecuente que entre razas cromosómicas, o entre éstas y las poblaciones estándar se generen zonas híbridas compuestas por individuos con un número cromosómico intermedio entre el de las dos poblaciones que las han formado, y con una elevada frecuencia de heterocigotos para las fusiones que presentan. Muestreos realizados en las cercanías de la ciudad de Barcelona, entre 1981 y 1997, evidenciaron la existencia de poblaciones formadas por ejemplares con un 2n comprendido entre 29 y 39 cromosomas, debido a la presencia de las fusiones Rb(3.8), Rb(4.14), Rb(5.15), Rb(6.10), Rb(9.11) y Rb(12.13), pero no se demostró la existencia de ninguna raza cromosómica. Aún así se sugirió que se trataba de una zona híbrida entre las poblaciones estándar y una raza hipotética con 2n=28.Las zonas de polimorfismo Robertsoniano son lugares potenciales de especiación, ya sea por un proceso de reforzamiento, o bien por una disminución del flujo genético causada por una reducción en la recombinación a nivel pericentromérico en los cromosomas Robertsonianos. Es por ello importante estudiar aquellos aspectos que pueden determinar un aislamiento genético entre las poblaciones que forman estas áreas. En este marco, los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron: 1) realizar un estudio exhaustivo de la estructura poblacional referente a la presencia de estas fusiones; 2) determinar cómo afecta la heterocigosidad estructural de las translocaciones Robertsonianas a nivel reproductivo en ejemplares pertenecientes a esta zona de polimorfismo cromosómico; 3) valorar el grado de aislamiento genético entre diferentes grupos cromosómicos mediante un estudio comparado de morfología craneana y post-craneana; 4) determinar las posibles relaciones entre el cariotipo y el comportamiento de los animales.
Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las poblaciones de ratón doméstico ubicadas en la provincia de Barcelona y alrededores forman una zona de polimorfismo Robertsoniano, no pudiendo considerar este conjunto poblacional como una zona híbrida, puesto que no ha sido detectada ninguna raza cromosómica. Las poblaciones de esta área funcionan como unidades panmíticas separadas. Se puso en evidencia la existencia de una nueva fusión, Rb(7.17), no descrita previamente en ninguna población Robertsoniana de la especie. La notable extensión de esta zona (5000 km2) sugiere que la eficacia biológica de los individuos portadores de translocaciones no está severamente afectada. En la línea de células germinales masculinas se apreció una mayor muerte celular en aquellos ejemplares con fusiones Robertsonianas, especialmente cuando más de una translocación ha estado presente en heterocigosis estructural. Se detectó un patrón general en el cambio de forma relacionado con la heterocigosidad estructural y el número cromosómico, aunque dicha variación de forma es de carácter moderado. La diferenciación morfológica de los animales estándar respecto a los ejemplares que presentan polimorfismo Robertsoniano, sugiere un aislamiento genético de estos últimos. La existencia de diferenciación genética dentro de la zona de polimorfismo Robertsoniano vino también avalada por las diferencias significativas detectadas en la pauta de comportamiento, estudiada mediante el patrón diario de la actividad motora (variable regulada por el sistema circadiano). Respecto a esta variable se obtuvo que las fusiones Robertsonianas no afectan a las principales características del reloj circadiano pero sí a la modulación ultradiana del ritmo circadiano. El patrón de actividad motora se mostró como una variable apropiada para la discriminación entre grupos de ratones diferenciados cromosómicamente.
Se concluye que las fusiones Robertsonianas presentes en esta zona han contribuido a la diferenciación morfológica y etológica entre las poblaciones que la forman, circunstancia que sugiere la existencia de diferencias genéticas entre ellas. De aquí se desprende que la zona de polimorfismo presente en la provincia de Barcelona y en sus inmediaciones constituye un escenario muy apropiado para estudiar aspectos relacionados con el proceso de especiación
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Roberts, David G. "The behavioural endocrinology of infanticide and parental care in mice (Mus musculus domesticus)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241500.
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Rich, Tracey. "Functions and mechanisms of scent mark communication in the house mouse (Mus domesticus)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243643.
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Belkhir, Khalid. "Différenciation chromosomique et évolution chez "Mus musculus domesticus" : cas des souris robertsoniennes d'Alsace." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20161.
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L'etude chromosomique de souris domestiques (mus musculus domesticus) de la region d'alsace a ete realisee, permettant de mettre en evidence l'existence d'une population robertsonienne a fort polymorphisme chromosomique. D'autre part, l'etude de la structure de ces populations a nombre de chromosomes reduit a ete abordee par l'analyse de variants geniques par electrophorese enzymatique. A partir de ces donnees nous avons essaye, de facon analytique et a l'aide de simulations sur ordinateur, de tester la validite certaines hypotheses pour expliquer la fixation de remaniements sous-dominants dans le cas des souris. Une importance particuliere a ete donnee au facteur temps de fixation necessaire au deroulement de ce processus. De facon experimentale, nous avons teste l'existence d'une distorsion meiotique en faveur des chromosomes metacentriques, en croisant des souris alsaciennes ayant fixe deux fusions et segregeant pour une troisieme: aucune transmission preferentielle du chromosome fusionne n'est venue confirmer l'hypothese d'une action importante de la distortion meiotique dans la fixation successive des fusions rb. A partir de ces resultats, nous discutons des modeles de speciation chromosomique, et notamment du modele stasipatrique de white
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Dean, Matthew, Geoffrey Findlay, Michael Hoopmann, Christine Wu, Michael MacCoss, Willie Swanson, and Michael Nachman. "Identification of ejaculated proteins in the house mouse (Mus domesticus) via isotopic labeling." BioMed Central, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610018.
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BACKGROUND:Seminal fluid plays an important role in successful fertilization, but knowledge of the full suite of proteins transferred from males to females during copulation is incomplete. The list of ejaculated proteins remains particularly scant in one of the best-studied mammalian systems, the house mouse (Mus domesticus), where artificial ejaculation techniques have proven inadequate. Here we investigate an alternative method for identifying ejaculated proteins, by isotopically labeling females with 15N and then mating them to unlabeled, vasectomized males. Proteins were then isolated from mated females and identified using mass spectrometry. In addition to gaining insights into possible functions and fates of ejaculated proteins, our study serves as proof of concept that isotopic labeling is a powerful means to study reproductive proteins.RESULTS:We identified 69 male-derived proteins from the female reproductive tract following copulation. More than a third of all spectra detected mapped to just seven genes known to be structurally important in the formation of the copulatory plug, a hard coagulum that forms shortly after mating. Seminal fluid is significantly enriched for proteins that function in protection from oxidative stress and endopeptidase inhibition. Females, on the other hand, produce endopeptidases in response to mating. The 69 ejaculated proteins evolve significantly more rapidly than other proteins that we previously identified directly from dissection of the male reproductive tract.CONCLUSION:Our study attempts to comprehensively identify the proteins transferred from males to females during mating, expanding the application of isotopic labeling to mammalian reproductive genomics. This technique opens the way to the targeted monitoring of the fate of ejaculated proteins as they incubate in the female reproductive tract.
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Jacquot, Catherine. "Compétition et approvisionnement alimentaire chez 2 souches de souris domestique, Mus m. Domesticus (DDO) et Mus m. Musculus (MDH) : inteactions entre mâles et effet des odeurs sociales." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132016.
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Les 2 sous-espèces de souris, Mus musculus domesticus et Mus m. Musculus, sont entrées secondairement en contact et partagent les mêmes types d'habitat. Il n'y a pourtant pas eu d'exclusion de l'une d'entre elles. Les facteurs comportementaux ayant probablement joué un rôle important dans ce phénomène, nous avons étudié en laboratoire, chez 2 souches (DDO et MDH) représentant ces souris, les mécanismes de la compétition intersousspécifique. L'accés à des sites d'alimentation est un facteur important de la compétition et les odeurs signalent ces sites. Nous avons donc choisi ce paradigme pour conduire cette étude. Afin de voir quand se déroulerait le partage des ressources, nous avons comparé la distribution journalière de la consommation de nourriture. Les mâles DDO ont ainsi une phase d'alimentation essentiellement en période nocturne tandis que l'apport alimentaire des mâles MDH est plus étalé sur le nycthémère. La rencontre avec un individu de même souche ou d'une autre souche durant cette période pourrait être plus coûteuse pour les mâles DDO que pour les mâles MDH en conséquence d'un manque énergétique possible. Des rencontres dyatiques ont mis en évidence des différences dans la nature des relations entre mâles des 2 souches et que les mâles DDO dominent, même après familiarisation, les mâles MDH. Un individu en présence de l'odeur d'un compétiteur potentiel sur un site d'alimentation se comportera différemment selon sa souche et la familiarité avec l'odeur. Les mâles des 2 souches sont d'autant plus vigilants avec une odeur non familière que la rencontre potentielle est agonistique et que l'odeur est éloignée de la sienne. L'odeur d'un mâle familier est traitée de la même manière quelle que soit son origine ou son statut social. Une généralisation de nos résultats est discutée. Le décalage d'activité des mâles MDH pourrait être caractéristique de tous les mâles M. M. Musculus et aurait permis de limiter les interactions avec les mâles de la sous-espèce dominante.
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Derothe, Jean-Marc. "Parasitisme et évolution hôte : approche expérimentale de la susceptibilité des hybrides entre les souris "Mus musculus musculus" et "Mus musculus domesticus"." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20120.
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Les deux sous-especes de souris mus musculus musculus et mus musculus domesticus se rencontrent le long d'une zone d'hybridation qui s'etend du danemark a la bulgarie. L'introgression limitee entre les deux genomes a conduit a considerer cette zone comme une zone de tension, c'est a dire que les hybrides seraient contre selectionnes par rapport aux individus parentaux. Le seul indicateur d'une telle contre-selection est une charge parasitaire en helminthes intestinaux superieure chez les individus hybrides. L'hypothese proposee pour expliquer ce phenomene est compatible avec la theorie des zones de tension, c'est a dire que cette susceptibilite hybride serait le resultat d'une rupture de coadaptation genomique au niveau du systeme immunitaire. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes donc attaches a caracteriser l'origine et l'etendue de la susceptibilite hybride. D'une part, nous avons infeste, de maniere controlee, des hybrides experimentaux avec l'oxyure aspiculuris tetraptera afin de determiner si la recombinaison etait a l'origine de la susceptibilite hybride. D'autre part, nous avons infeste des souris parentales et introgressees avec deux autres parasites : le trypanosome trypanosoma musculi et la coccidie sarcocystis muris. Il ressort de ce travail que la susceptibilite hybride, bien qu'elle ne puisse etre generalisee a tous les parasites, ne concerne pas uniquement les helminthes intestinaux. De plus, ce phenomene ne semble pas etre la consequence directe d'une rupture de coadaptation, mais semble du a un effet de pleiotropie antagoniste particulier a la zone hybride. Ces resultats affinent notre perception de la zone d'hybridation entre les deux sous-especes de souris et du role que jouent les parasites dans son evolution.
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Palmer, Christianne Louise. "A chromosomal hybrid zone of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) in northern Scotland." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245903.
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Humphries, Richard Edward. "Investigations into possible behavioural resistance in inner-city house mice (Mus domesticus Rutty) in the U.K." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283631.
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Tattersall, Francoise. "The ecology of the housemouse, Mus domesticus, with particular reference to interaction with the woodmouse, Apodemus sylvaticus." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317696.
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Gündüz, Islam. "Evolutionary genetics of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) with particular emphasis on chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variation." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369328.
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Pocock, Michael James Orlando. "The spatial population dynamics of house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) with reference to the potential transmission of zoonoses." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369343.
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Christophe-Ligonnière, Nathalie. "Echanges possibles entre les deux sous-especes de souris, mus musculus musculus et mus musculus domesticus et leurs hybrides : etude du role des comportements sociaux et des preferences sexuelles." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132023.
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Les deux sous-especes de souris, mus musculus musculus et mus musculus domesticus, presentent une zone d'hybridation naturelle qui s'etend du danemark a la mer noire. Une introgression differentielle des alleles est observee, qui s'etend davantage dans les populations de m. M. Musculus. Cette etude se propose d'analyser, chez des souches du danemark, les relations entre partenaires au sein de chacune de ces sous-especes puis, entre elles deux et enfin, leurs interactions avec leurs hybrides. Des experiences de choix d'odeurs montrent qu'il existe une preference pour un partenaire du sexe oppose homosous-specifique chez m. M. Musculus, et non chez m. M. Domesticus. Ces derniers montrent meme un certain interet pour les odeurs heterosous-specifiques. La majorite des hybrides preferent egalement l'odeur musculus, a l'exception d'une categorie de males. Des adoptions semblent montrer le role de l'experience precoce dans le developpement de ces preferences. Les rencontres entre individus domesticus de meme sexe sont plus tolerantes que chez musculus. De plus, en rencontres intersous-specifiques, les individus domesticus, males et femelles, sont dominants par rapport aux musculus. Les rencontres male-femelle chez chaque sous-espece sont plutot tolerantes. Mais les males changent de comportement face a une femelle de l'autre sous-espece, en particulier les males musculus semblent eviter les femelles domesticus. La reproduction chez les couples intrasous-specifiques, intersous-specifiques et back-cross montrent des variations en terme de nombre de jeunes par portee, latence de premiere portee ou encore proportion de couples avec et sans descendance. Cette approche experimentale, du role de quelques mecanismes comportementaux dans les processus evolutifs, montre que ces caracteristiques comportementales, couplees aux performances reproductrices des couples, pourraient contribuer a expliquer, en partie, les differences d'introgression observees entre les deux sous-especes.
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Krebs-Wheaton, Rebecca [Verfasser]. "The influence of personality on territory use and fitness in western house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) / Rebecca Krebs-Wheaton." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150704365/34.
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Muñoz, Muñoz Francesc. "Estudio de la variación morfológica en una zona de polimorfismo Robertsoniano de ratón doméstico, Mus musculus domesticus (Schwarz y Schwarz, 1943)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32177.
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Valente, Ana Sofia Bonito de Figueiredo. "Helmintofauna gastrointestinal e hepática do ratinho-caseiro (Mus musculus domesticus) do Arquipélago da Madeira : potencial zoonótico e importância em sanidade animal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11093.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs roedores são reservatórios de diversas espécies parasitas com um importante impacto em saúde humana e animal. O ratinho-caseiro (Mus musculus domesticus), devido aos seus hábitos comensais e proximidade a populações humanas, é uma das espécies mais problemáticas no que respeita a disseminação de parasitas zoonóticos. Nas ilhas da Madeira e de Porto Santo, este risco é amplificado pelas elevadas densidades populacionais e pela estreita relação de proximidade com os humanos e produtos agrícolas. Neste estudo, foi analisada pela primeira vez a parasitofauna destas populações insulares de roedores. Os sistemas digestivos e fígados de 200 ratinhos, 161 da Madeira e 39 de Porto Santo, foram processados para pesquisa de lesões e parasitas, sendo que 182 (91,0%) foram positivos. Na Madeira, 89,4% dos animais foram positivos e em Porto Santo 97,4%. O tremátode Brachylaima sp. foi identificado no intestino delgado de 2,0% da amostra (4/200). O metacéstode Cysticercus fasciolaris foi identificado nos fígados de 24,0% dos ratinhos (48/200) e Cysticercus sp. em 12,5% (25/200), de ambas as ilhas. O céstode Hymenolepis diminuta foi identificado em 0,5% dos indivíduos (1/200) e Rodentolepis nana em 2,5% (5/200), ambos apenas identificados no intestino delgado de ratinhos da Madeira. Os nemátodes Calodium hepaticum, 23,5% (47/200), espécie zoonótica, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, 6,5% (13/200), Heterakis spumosa, 5,0% (10/200) e Trichuris muris, 39,0% (78/200), foram apenas identificados na ilha da Madeira; Gongylonema neoplasticum, 2,0% (4/200) foi apenas identificado na ilha de Porto Santo e Mastophorus muris, 11,5% (23/200) e Syphacia obvelata, 73,5% (147/200), foram identificados em ambas as ilhas. Esta variação observada entre ilhas pode ser devida às diferentes densidades populacionais dos ratinhos, pool genético, origem dos indivíduos fundadores e/ou diferentes níveis de interação com os hospedeiros definitivos. C. fasciolaris, H. diminuta, R. nana e C. hepaticum são agentes zoonóticos cujos ciclos biológicos, de alguns destes, podem envolver carnívoros domésticos com proximidade ao Homem, amplificando o risco de transmissão. Brachylaima sp. e S. obvelata possuem um potencial zoonótico devido aos seus ciclos biológicos pelo que não devem ser descurados. As infeções humanas por estes parasitas são frequentemente subestimadas, possivelmente devido à falta de conhecimento da importância dos parasitas de roedores como importantes ameaças em termos de saúde pública e animal, sendo um problema digno de estudo no âmbito de One Health.
ABSTRACT - Gastrointestinal and liver helminthic fauna in house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) from the Madeira Archipelago: its zoonotic potential and importance in animal health - Rodents are major reservoirs for parasites with important implications for human and animal health. The western house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), due to its commensal habits and proximity with human dwellings, is one of the most problematic species concerning the spread of zoonotic parasites. In the Portuguese islands of Madeira and Porto Santo, this risk is potentiated by high population densities and a close relationship with humans and agricultural products. In this study, we assessed for the first time the parasitofauna of these rodent insular populations. The digestive systems and livers of 200 mice, 161 mice from Madeira and 39 from Porto Santo, were screened for lesions and parasites, being 182 (91%) positive. In Madeira island, mice were positive for 89.4% of the samples and in Porto Santo for 97.4%. The trematode Brachylaima sp. was found on both islands in the small intestines of 2.0% of the sample (4/200). The metacestodes Cysticercus fasciolaris was found in the livers of 24% mice (48/200) and Cysticercus sp. in 12.5% (25/200) on both islands. The adult cestodes Hymenolepis diminuta was found in 0.5% of samples (1/200) and Rodentolepis nana in 2.5% (5/200), both only found in the small intestines of mice from Madeira. The nematodes Calodium hepaticum, 23.5% (47/200), a zoonotic species, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, 6.5% (13/200), Heterakis spumosa, 5.0% (10/200) and Trichuris muris, 39.0% (78/200), were only detected in Madeira; Gongylonema neoplasticum, 2.0% (4/200) was only detected in Porto Santo and Mastophorus muris, 11.5% (23/200) and Syphacia obvelata, 73.5% (147/200), were detected on both islands. This variation across islands may be due to differences in mouse population densities, genetic pool, colonization origin and/or different levels of interaction with definitive hosts. C. fasciolaris, H. diminuta, R. nana and C. hepaticum are zoonotic agents whose life cycles, for some of them, may involve domestic carnivores in the proximity with humans, amplifying their chance of transmission. Brachylaima sp. and S. obvelata have also a zoonotic potential due to their life cycles and human proximity, and therefore should not be overlooked. The human infections by these parasites are usually underestimated, possibly due to the lack of knowledge on the importance of rodent parasites as major threats and reason for concern in terms of animal and public health, a problem that should be further studied under the scope of One Health.
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Navajas, y. Navarro Maria José. "Facteurs sélectifs et stochastiques de la différenciation de populations insulaires de Mus musculus domesticus analyse à divers niveaux d'intégration, génome, individu, population." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599976z.
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Vanlerberghe, Flavie. "Histoire évolutive de la zone d'hybridation naturelle entre les deux sous-espèces de souris européennes Mus musculus domesticus et Mus musculus musculus dynamique de l'introgression de gènes autosomaux, de l'ADN mitochondrial et du chromosome Y /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618998j.
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Vanlerberghe, Flavie. "Histoire évolutive de la zone d'hybridation naturelle entre les deux sous-espèces de souris européennes Mus musculus domesticus et Mus musculus musculus : dynamique de l'introgression de gènes autosomaux, de l'ADN mitochondrial et du chromosome Y." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20001.
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Discrimination des genomes des sous especes m. M. Domesticus et m. M. Musculus etudie a l'aide de differents marqueurs genetiques, locus autosomaux, chromosome y et adn mitochondiral; mise en evidence d'une zone d'hybridations entre ces especes
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Diagne, Christophe. "Communautés de parasites, immunité et succès d'invasion des rongeurs commensaux : le cas de la souris domestique du rat noir au Sénégal." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS057/document.
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Les invasions biologiques sont de plus en plus fréquentes, avec des conséquences importantes sur la biodiversité et la santé humaine. Étudier les mécanismes qui les expliquent permet simultanément (i) d’envisager des stratégies efficaces de contrôle et de prévention et (ii) d’étudier divers processus écologiques et évolutifs sur des échelles de temps contemporaines. Plusieurs hypothèses basées sur le parasitisme et l’immunité des hôtes sont proposées pour expliquer le succès des espèces envahissantes. Ainsi, au cours de l’invasion, les hôtes exotiques (1) perdraient leurs parasites naturels (Enemy Release, ER), (2) transfèreraient leurs parasites exotiques aux hôtes natifs (Spill-Over, SO) et/ou (3) amplifieraient les cycles des parasites natifs au sein des hôtes locaux (Spill-Back, SB). En relation avec ces changements dans les interactions hôtes-parasites, l’hypothèse EICA (Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability) prédit une modulation des ressources de l’hôte envahissant via un investissement moins important dans les réponses immunitaires coûteuses (inflammation) au profit de réponses immunitaires beaucoup moins coûteuses (réponses médiées par les anticorps) et de capacités de reproduction et de dispersion des populations sur le front d’invasion. Le but de ma thèse est de tester ces prédictions dans le cadre de deux invasions actuellement en cours au Sénégal : celles du rat noir Rattus rattus et de la souris domestique Mus musculus domesticus, deux espèces envahissantes majeures tant par leurs impacts (économique, sanitaire, écologique) que par leur distribution quasiment mondiale. Mes travaux se basent sur un dispositif d’échantillonnage en populations naturelles et sur le développement d’approches comparatives le long d’un gradient d’invasion pour chacune des deux espèces exotiques. Les patrons de structure (prévalence, abondance, richesse) de deux communautés de parasites (helminthes gastro-intestinaux, bactéries pathogènes) et les profils immunitaires (réponses médiées par les anticorps naturels, inflammation) des rongeurs commensaux exotiques (M. m. domesticus, R. rattus) et/ou natifs (Mastomys spp.) ont été comparés pour des localités situées dans des régions anciennement envahies (depuis plus de 100 ans), récemment envahies (depuis moins de 30 an : front d’invasion), et non envahies. Mes résultats montrent des variations dans la structure des communautés de parasites et les réponses immunitaires des hôtes natifs et exotiques. Les tendances observées, aussi bien pour les communautés de parasites que pour les composantes immunitaires étudiées le long des deux routes d’invasion, attestent de patrons globalement plus complexes qu’attendu sous les hypothèses de départ, suggérant l’existence de relations complexes entre caractéristiques des communautés d’hôtes et de parasites, investissement immunitaire, conditions environnementales et invasions biologiques. Des approches expérimentales doivent être envisagées afin de déterminer les conséquences et les mécanismes sous-jacents aux différents phénomènes observésBiological invasions are increasingly phenomenon worldwide having deleterious impacts on biodiversity and human health. Studying the mechanisms explaining them allows both (i) to define efficient strategies for controlling and preventing invaders and (ii) to study ecological and evolutionary processes at contemporary scales. Some major hypotheses rely on parasitism and host immunity to explain invasion success. Thus, exotic host populations (1) may benefit of an " Enemy Release " (ER) through impoverishment of their original parasite communities, and may affect native hosts by (2) transferring exotic parasites (Spill-Over, SO) and/or (3) by increasing transmission risk of native parasites (Spill-Back, SB). In turn, according to the refined “Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability” (EICA) theory, invasive populations should experience immune trade-offs by favouring less expensive antibody-mediated responses over costly inflammation, to increase their competitive ability (dispersion, reproduction). The aim of my thesis is to test these predictions along the invasion routes of two commensal exotic species in Senegal, the domestic mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus). These rodent species are considered to be major invasive species worldwide inducing high economic, sanitary and ecological damages. My research is based on comparative analyses along one invasion route for each invasive species. We focused on gastrointestinal helminths and pathogenic bacteria as parasite communities, and inflammation and natural antibody-mediated responses as immune estimates. Comparisons were performed for invasive and/or native (Mastomys spp.) rodents between localities of long-established invasion (100-200 years ago), recent invasion (10-30 years ago; invasion front), and non-invaded localities. My findings showed variations along both invasion routes in parasite community structure and immune patterns, but in a more complex way than expected under the initial predictions. The heterogeneity of changes observed highlights the existence of particular relations between host and parasite traits, host immune investment, environmental conditions and biological invasions. Further experimental works are needed to assess the consequences and mechanisms underlying the changes observed along both invasion routes
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Pouliquen, Odile. "Variabilité comportementale dans diverses populations naturelles de Mus musculus domesticus rôle de la structure sociale dans le fonctionnement et l'évolution du système individu-population /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376176854.
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Pouliquen, Odile. "Variabilité comportementale dans diverses populations naturelles de Mus musculus domesticus : rôle de la structure sociale dans le fonctionnement et l'évolution du système individu-population." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20028.
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L'analyse comportementale des populations naturelles de la souris domestique (mus musculus domesticus) montre une importante variabilite inter-individuelle. Les modalites d'interaction presentees par les males issus de differentes populations indiquent que les comportements agonistiques et investigateurs, montres lors de confrontations dyadiques avec un opposant standard, permettent de caracteriser les populations en fonction de l'habitat d'origine et de la structure spatiale. Au niveau du comportement de nidification a basse temperature, cette variabilite ne permet pas de mettre en evidence une differenciation entre populations sauvages et commensales, et divers indices amenent a penser que ce comportement ne serait pas un element determinant dans l'adaptation et l'adaptabilite au froid des populations etudiees. L'interet d'une approche a un niveau intermediaire entre l'individu et la population est discute a la lumiere de ces resultats. Le groupe social parait etre l'element determinant, faisant le lien entre l'individu et l'environnement
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Lippens, Cédric. "Coûts et bénéfices de l'inflammation dans les relations hôte-parasite." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS035/document.
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Les relations hôte-parasite sont complexes et soumettent les deux protagonistes à un ensemble de compromis aussi bien plastiques qu’évolutifs. D'un côté, bien que l’immunité soit indispensable pour la lutte contre les parasites, elle peut aussi causer de nombreux dégâts à l’hôte lors de la réponse et mener à des maladies inflammatoires. De l’autre côté, les parasites, bien que dotés de mécanismes d'évasion, vont être affectés par l'environnement inflammatoire de l'hôte. Cela pose la question des coûts et bénéfices que l'interaction entre ces deux protagonistes va avoir sur chacun d'eux lors de l'apparition de troubles inflammatoires chez l'hôte. Grâce à différentes approches expérimentales et bibliographiques nous avons pu montrer que l’immunopathologie est un trait qui perdure vraisemblablement grâce aux bénéfices de la réponse immunitaire dans la lutte contre les parasites. Par ailleurs, j’ai pu mettre en évidence qu’une inflammation altérait positivement les traits d’histoire de vie du parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus aussi bien de façon plastique que lors de processus de sélection. Cependant, le parasite investit davantage dans l’immunomodulation et le camouflage lorsqu'il est confronté à cet environnement, laissant planer la question du coût de cette inflammation à long terme et sur plusieurs générationsHost-parasite interactions are characterized by trade-offs that involve both plastic and microevolutionary responses. On one hand, while immunity is essential to fight parasites, it can also cause damage to the host, leading to autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, parasites have to cope with the immune environnement provided by the host. This raises the question of the costs and benefits of the inflammatory response for the two partners of the interaction. With different experimental and literature-based approaches, I showed that immunopathology is a trait that likely persists because of the immediate benefits of the immune response in terms of protection against parasites. Furthermore, I was able to show that inflammation positively altered the life history traits of the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus both plastically or after experimental evolution. However, the parasite invested more in immunomodulation and camouflage when facing an inflammatory environment, leaving open the question of the costs associated with an inflammatory environment over the entire lifespan of the parasite and/or across generations
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Medarde, González Núria Estel. "La zona de polimorfismo cromosómico ‘Barcelona’ de Mus musculus domesticus Schwarz y Schwarz, 1943: dinámica espaciotemporal de su estructura y efecto de las fusiones robertsonianas sobre la espermatogénesis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116318.
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En las inmediaciones de la ciudad de Barcelona existe una zona de polimorfismo robertsoniano (Rb) de ratón doméstico de Europa Occidental (Mus musculus domesticus) que abarca unos 5.000 km2 y se halla rodeada por poblaciones cuyos individuos presentan un cariotipo estándar (St) de 40 cromosomas telocéntricos. En dicha zona se han detectado siete metacéntricos diferentes y animales Rb con números diploides comprendidos entre 27 y 40 cromosomas. El sistema robertsoniano ‘Barcelona’ (SRbB) representa un modelo único dentro del conjunto de las zonas Rb de M. musculus domesticus descritas hasta el momento puesto que carece de una raza cromosómica propia y el conjunto de cromosomas metacéntricos presenta una distribución geográfica clinal escalonada. Si bien al inicio de la presente investigación se disponía de información sobre la estructura de este sistema Rb, la dinámica de dispersión de los metacéntricos era totalmente desconocida. Con el objeto de evaluar posibles cambios en el proceso de fijación de las fusiones Rb y en el grado de aislamiento genético entre poblaciones de individuos con distintas características cariotípicas, se ha efectuado un estudio de la variación espacio-temporal de la estructura del SRbB entre los periodos 1996-2000 y 2008-2010. Asimismo, conociendo previamente la existencia de diferencias en el epitelio seminífero entre individuos St y Rb, se ha estudiado el posible efecto de las translocaciones Rb sobre el grado de muerte celular programada (apoptosis) durante los distintos estadios de la espermatogénesis. Finalmente, se ha investigado la relación entre las fusiones Rb y el tamaño y forma de la cabeza del espermatozoide, aplicando análisis de morfometría geométrica a imágenes obtenidas mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido, así como la existencia de modularidad variacional en dicha estructura.
Si bien se detectaron fluctuaciones locales en el grado de fijación de los metacéntricos, la estructura clinal de la zona permaneció relativamente estable a lo largo del periodo considerado. Este resultado indica la presencia de cierto grado de aislamiento genético entre poblaciones diferenciadas cariotípicamente y, por tanto, corrobora la existencia de barreras reproductivas entre ellas.
Los animales con números diploides reducidos mostraron un elevado grado de muerte en células germinales, irregularidades en los procesos de recombinación genética y alteraciones morfológicas en espermátidas redondas y en espermatozoides maduros. No obstante, la gran variabilidad detectada entre individuos sugiere que la magnitud de los efectos ocasionados por las fusiones puede variar en función de las características estructurales de los cromosomas implicados en las fusiones y el grado de heterocigosis génica.
El análisis morfométrico de la cabeza del espermatozoide reveló diferencias substanciales entre grupos cromosómicos. Concretamente, se apreciaron divergencias en la morfología de las crestas ventrales entre espermatozoides de ejemplares St y Rb, y en la amplitud de la región post-acrosómica entre gametos de animales Rb. Dichas modificaciones podrían estar relacionadas con alteraciones en el proceso de citodiferenciación gamética debidas a las fusiones Rb.
Los análisis de modularidad indican que la cabeza del espermatozoide está dividida en tres módulos variacionales que coinciden con la compartimentación citoesquelética de la teca perinuclear. Si bien no se han detectado diferencias en el patrón de modularidad entre grupos cromosómicos, la disminución en los porcentajes de covariación entre pares de módulos en ejemplares Rb indica que las reordenaciones cromosómicas pueden inducir cambios en el mapa fenotípico-genotípico.A Robertsonian (Rb) polymorphism zone of the western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) is found in the vicinity of the city of Barcelona. This Rb system covers about 5.000 km2 and is surrounded by populations whose individuals show a standard (St) karyotype of 40 telocentric chromosomes. In that area, up to seven different metacentrics and Rb specimens with diploid numbers ranging from 27 to 40 chromosomes have been detected. The ‘Barcelona’ Robertsonian system (BRbS) constitutes a unique model among the whole Rb systems described to date, since it lacks an exclusive chromosomal race and the set of metacentrics are geographically distributed following a staggered clinal pattern. Although information on the structure of the system was available at the beginning of the present research, little was known about the dispersal dynamics of the fusions throughout time. Thus, in order to evaluate possible changes in the fixation rates of the Rb fusions and in the degree of genetic isolation among populations differing in some karyotypic characteristics, a study on the spatio-temporal variation of the structure of the BRbS during the periods 1996-2000 and 2008-2010 has been carried out. Likewise, taking into account the finding of differences in the seminiferous epithelium between St and Rb specimens, the possible effect of Rb fusions on the rate of apoptotic germ cell death has been analyzed in all stages of the spermatogenesis in M. musculus domesticus. Finally, the relationship between the Rb fusions and the shape and size of the sperm head has been tested by applying geometric morphometrics to images obtained through a scanning electron microscope, a technique also applied to evaluate the existence of variational modularity in such sperm structure. Although local fluctuations in the fixation rate of metacentrics were detected, the clinal structure of the zone remained relatively stable over the period considered. This result indicates the existence of certain degree of genetic isolation between populations karyotypically differenciated, which corroborates the existence of reproductive barriers among them. Specimens with low diploid numbers showed a relevant signal of germ cell death, abnormalities in the genetic recombination and morphological alterations both in round spermatids and in mature spermatozoids. However, the great variability detected among individuals suggests that the magnitude of the effects caused by Rb fusions on the seminiferous epithelium may vary depending on the structural characteristics of the chromosomes involved in the fusions and on the degree of genic heterozygosity. Morphometric analysis on the sperm head revealed substantial differences among chromosomal groups. Divergences in the shape of the ventral spurs were detected between sperms from St and Rb specimens, while variation in the post-acrosomal width was also noticed among Rb gametes. These changes might be related to alterations in the gamete morphogenesis promoted by Rb fusions. Modularity analyses indicated that the sperm head is divided into three variational modules that fit with the cytoskeleton compartmentalization of the perinuclear theca. Although no differences in the modularity pattern were found among chromosomal groups, the decrease in the covariation rates between pairs of modules in Rb specimens suggests that Rb fusions might induce changes in the phenotype-genotype map of individuals.
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Collares, Favorino José de Freitas. "Expressão gênica e taxas de desenvolvimento de embriões Mus musculus domesticus expostos à pressão gasosa no estágio de 8-células e submetidos à crioconservação no estágio de blastocisto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108173.
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Os objetivos dos experimentos foram primeiro determinar as taxas de desenvolvimento in vitro de embriões murinos no estágio de 8-células expostos a 15.7 MPa de N2 durante 2 ou 4 horas. Segundo, determinar as taxas de sobrevivência embrionária à crioconservação dos blastocistos originados a partir do cultivo dos embriões de 8-células após a indução do estresse subletal celular com o auxílio da pressão gasosa. Terceiro, determinar a expressão dos genes BAX, Bcl2, GLUT1, GLUT3, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1-R, IGF2-R, SOD2, HSP70.1, AQP3 e PPIA nas seguintes etapas experimentais: no estágio de 8-células imediatamente após a coleta dos embriões; no estágio de blastocisto antes e após o congelamento. Nas seis replicações realizadas foram utilizados 14 machos e 60 fêmeas Mus musculus domesticus. Na primeira etapa dos experimentos, das fêmeas superovuladas, 38 produziram 1092 embriões viáveis no estágio de 8-células que foram, de forma aleatória, divididos em quatro grupos experimentais: Grupo P1 – os embriões foram expostos a 15.7 MPa de N2 gasoso durante 2 horas e após cultivados in vitro até alcançar o estádio de blastocisto; Grupo P2 – os embriões foram tratados de maneira idêntica aos do Grupo P1, sendo expostos aos 15.7 MPa de N2 gasoso durante 4 horas; Grupo controle CE - os embriões foram submetidos ao cultivo in vitro imediatamente após a coleta; Grupo controle CB: os embriões foram mantidos em temperatura ambiente (22 ºC) durante 4 horas e após colocados na estufa para o cultivo in vitro. Na segunda etapa, amostras dos embriões dos quatro grupos experimentais tiveram a expressão gênica determinada com auxílio da amplificação e determinação quantitativa do mRNA (“Real Time PCR”). Os resultados do desenvolvimento embrionário ao estágio de blastocisto na primeira etapa foram os seguintes: Grupo P1 – 96,4% (245/253); Grupo P2 – 94,0% (253/269); Grupo CE – 95,0% (249/262) e Grupo CB – 95,4 (249/261). Na segunda etapa dos experimentos os resultados de reexpansão dos blastocistos após a criopreservação foram: Grupo P1 – 86,3% (63/73); Grupo P2 – 80,0 (76/95); Grupo CE – 72,8 (67/92); Grupo CB – 83,6 (92/110). A análise da expressão da maioria dos genes não revelou diferenças entre os grupos experimentais, provavelmente devido à variação biológica dos embriões entre os grupos e dentro de um mesmo grupo. A exposição dos embriões no estágio de 8-células a 15.7 MPa de N2 gasoso não comprometeu a viabilidade in vitro para desenvolverem-se ao estágio de blastocisto. As taxas de sobrevivência dos blastocistos à criopreservação diferiram somente entre os grupos de embriões expostos à HGP durante 2 horas (P1) no estágio de 8-células (86,3%) e o grupo de embriões submetidos ao cultivo in vitro (CE) (72,8%). Os resultados dos experimentos revelaram que a HGP pode ser empregada na indução de estresse celular subletal em embriões murinos.The first objective of the experiments was to determine the development rates of mouse embryos exposed to high gaseous pressure (HGP – 15.7 MPa gaseous N2) at 8-cell stage for 2 or 4 hours. Second, determine the blastocyst re-expansion rates after cryopreservation. Third, determine the relative expression of BAX, Bcl2, GLUT1, GLUT3, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1-R, IGF2-R, SOD2, HSP70.1, AQP3 and PPIA in the following experimental steps: immediately after collection of 8-cell stage embryos, at the blastocyst stage before and after freezing. Fourteen males and 60 females Mus musculus domesticus were used in six experiment replications. Thirty-eight (63%) from the 60 superovulated, females produced 1092 viable embryos. These 8-cell stage embryos were then randomly divided into four experimental groups: P1 group – embryos were first exposed to 15.7 MPa of gaseous N2 for 2 hours and after cultured in vitro until the blastocyst stage; P2 group - embryos were treated identically to the P1 group, but were exposed to 15.7 MPa of gaseous N2 for 4 hours; CE control group - embryos were submitted to in vitro culture immediately after collection; CB control group - embryos were maintained at room temperature (22ºC) for 4 hours and after cultured in vitro. The results of embryo in vitro development to the blastocyst stage were: P1 Group- 96.4% (245/253); P2 group- 94.0% (253/269); CE group- 95.0% (249/262) and CB- 95.4 (249/261). After cryopreservation the blastocyst re-expansion rates were: P1 group- 86.3 % (63/73); P2 group- 80.0 (76/95); CE group – 72.8 (67/92), CB group- 83.6 (92/110). No major differences in gene expression were observed among treatment groups for most genes analyzed in this study, likely due to the biological variability in groups of embryos within each group. Exposure of embryos at 8-cells stage to 15.7 MPa of gaseous N2 did not compromise in vitro embryo viability to reach the blastocyst stage. The survival rates of blastocysts to cryopreservation differ only among the embryos that were exposed to the HGP during 2 hours at 8-cell stage (86,3 %) and the 8-cell stage embryos that were submitted to the in vitro culture immediately after collection (72,8 %). The experimental results showed that HGP can be used to induce sublethal cell stress in murine embryos.
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Wesche, Kai-Oliver. "Analyse dysregulierter Moleküle des Nervensystems der Tenascin-R-defizienten Maus (Mus musculus domesticus, Linneaus, 1758; m. musculus TN-R-/-, Weber et al. 1999) Analysis of dysregulated molecules in the nervous system of tenascin-R deficient mice /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969120346.
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Stewart, Annabelle Greer. "Dibblers on the Jurien islands : the influence of burrowing seabirds and the potential for competition from other species." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0066.
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[Truncated abstract] The dibbler, Parantechinus apicalis, is an endangered marsupial that exists on Boullanger, Whitlock and Escape islands off Jurien Bay in Western Australia. The introduced house mouse, Mus domesticus, exists on Boullanger and Whitlock islands, and the King’s skink, Egernia kingii, inhabits Boullanger and Escape islands. The grey-bellied dunnart, Sminthopsis griseoventer, exists on Boullanger Island. Over the last 150 years, the wedge-tailed shearwater, Puffinus pacificus, has colonised the islands to varying degrees. The interaction between dibblers and other island species is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the main factors regulating the dynamics of mammals, and in particular dibblers, on the Jurien islands. This was achieved by examining the effect of seabirds, the competitive interactions between species living on the islands, and seasonal changes in the environment. Animals were trapped for a period of 30 months, and their population structure, body condition, longevity, habitat preferences, diet and ecophysiology were examined. The results presented support the theory that by increasing soil nutrient concentrations, burrowing seabirds increase the primary productivity of islands, which has flow on effects to other trophic levels. Densities of seabirds and soil nutrient concentrations were highest on Whitlock Island, intermediate on Escape Island, and lowest on Boullanger Island . . .Thirty-five percent of dibblers on Escape Island were missing their tail or a limb, probably as a result of aggression from King’s skinks. Competition from high numbers of house mice on Boullanger Island, and from high numbers of King’s skinks on Escape Island, may increase the occurrence of male die-off on these islands. The better body condition and greater longevity of dibblers on Whitlock Island, despite high numbers of house mice, suggests that abundant resources are available to sustain both species. This study demonstrates that high densities of seabirds positively affect the population dynamics of mammals on the Jurien islands. Burrowing seabirds appear to influence the dynamics of dibblers more so than competition from house mice or King’s skinks. The findings from this study will assist the Dibbler Recovery Team with future management decisions regarding the viability of dibblers on the Jurien islands, and with decisions regarding the necessity to control house mouse numbers in the presence of native species.
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Le, Pape Gilles. "Etude expérimentale des facteurs génétiques et épigénétiques de la variabilité interindividuelle du comportement chez la souris domestique mus musculus." Tours, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOUR4001.
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Rajabi, Maham Hassan. "Phylogéographie des souris du complexe Mus musculus en Iran : coalescence mitochondriale et diversité du chromosome Y." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20077.
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Pettersson, Maria. "Whose Islam is the right Islam? :." Lund, Sweden : Department of Economic History at Lund University, 2002. http://www.ekh.lu.se/publ/mfs/6.pdf.
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Parker, Kristy. "Women MPs, feminism and domestic policy in the Second World War." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241334.
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Noguchi, Milica Satake. "O dito, o não dito e o mal-dito: o fonoaudiólogo diante da violência familiar contra crianças e adolescentes." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2005. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/12836.
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Previous issue date: 2005Esta tese apresentada no formato de três artigos científicos procurou compreender como os fonoaudiólogos vêm enfrentando o problema da violência familiar contra crianças e adolescentes e como este tema vem sendo abordado na produção científica da área.O pressuposto central deste trabalho é de que existem especificidades da atuação e da formação fonoaudiológica que propiciam a experiência com os maus-tratos no cotidiano profissional, mas ao mesmo tempo, dificultam o enfrentamento destes casos.O primeiro artigo teve o objetivo de chamar a atenção do fonoaudiólogo para esse grave problema, discutindo seu papel enquanto profissional integrante da rede de proteção à infância e sua importância na identificação, condução e prevenção dos maus tratos.Por se tratar de um assunto ainda pouco tematizado na área, este trabalho procurou ser didático nos seus propósitos de orientar os profissionais brasileiros sobre a importância de se capacitarem para um melhor atendimento.O segundo e o terceiro artigo foram baseados em dados originais de um inquérito realizado com fonoaudiólogos do município do Rio de Janeiro no ano de 2003. Estes trabalhos procuraram compreender as dificuldades enfrentadas por este profissional diante dos casos de maus-tratos buscando outras vias explicativas, além da falta de informação e qualificação. Além disso, os resultados deste inquérito possibilitaram conhecer a ocorrência da violência familiar na população que recebe atendimento fonoaudiológico.Além do caráter descritivo e exploratório deste estudo inédito no país e na literatura de língua inglesa, a tese como um todo, teve também um caráter bibliográfico já que analisou todos os estudos encontrados sobre Fonoaudiologia, distúrbios da comunicação e violência familiar revelando uma escassez de publicações internacionais e nacionais acerca deste problema.
O isolamento que caracteriza a atuação do fonoaudiólogo, a tradição de uma prática corretivo-normatizadora, uma prática clínica pouco embasada teórica e metodologicamente e ainda, o distanciamento das instituições públicas fizeram com que o problema dos maus-tratos permanecesse à margem da pauta de debates da Fonoaudiologia no Brasil. A compreensão destes fatores é fundamental para que o processo de capacitação e disseminação de informação para esta categoria profissional seja efetivo.
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Morales, Rivera Alvaro Enrique. "La dinámica social e institucional del abuso sexual intrafamiliar, bajo la óptica de la atención, en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses en Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2003. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4553.
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Previous issue date: 2003Visa analisar o abuso sexual intrafamiliar em crianças e adolescentes, em Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colômbia. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, exploratória, com abordagem no campo da investigação social. Os dados quantitativos foram obtidos das publicações do Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses (INMLCF), que apresentam e analisam as informações dos laudos médico-legais no país inteiro. Os dados da análise qualitativa foram obtidos: a partir da leitura do laudo médico-legal do INMLCF, relatórios de gestão de instituições envolvidas no problema do abuso sexual em menores; entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais com os profissionais destas instituições e com familiares e/ou acompanhantes que compareceram duas ou mais vezes ao INMLCF para a realização do exame médico-legal. Constatou-se que 86 por cento das denúncias de delitos sexuais na Colômbia são de menores de idade, nos quais em 78 por cento os agressores eram pessoas conhecidas e, desses, 76 por cento eram familiares. Ao analisar o grupo etário encontramos, tanto no país quanto em Santa Fé de Bogotá, um predomínio do grupo etário de 5 a 14 anos com 68 por cento de casos recebidos, seguido pelo grupo etáreo de 15 a 17 anos com 17 por cento Realizou-se uma discussão sobre a dinâmica das famílias que apresentam o abuso sexual(...) O trabalho confirma que, enquanto o processo de investigação do abuso sexual intrafamiliar não unir o esforço das equipes multidisciplinares e interinstitucionais, trabalhando na atenção e na prevenção, será muito difícil avançar na solução.
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Bandeira, Noemi [UNESP]. "Violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes: da denúncia ao atendimento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97537.
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bandeira_n_me_assis.pdf: 489483 bytes, checksum: 625dad5b2f1a7beaeda6bf3e46f6c9f1 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A violência doméstica é um flagelo domiciliar que se impõe a crianças e adolescentes de maneira a prejudicar seu desenvolvimento físico, psíquico e social, negando seus direitos de cidadania. Embora hoje já se perceba uma preocupação crescente de toda a sociedade e do Estado brasileiro com relação à questão da violência em suas diversas faces, o suplício doméstico de inúmeras crianças e adolescentes ainda se mantém em situação de invisibilidade e negligência pelos órgãos públicos de saúde, educação e assistência social. Apesar de a legislação brasileira ser uma das mais avançadas em prever a garantia dos direitos humanos, com prioridade absoluta para a criança e o adolescente, as práticas cotidianas em torno da questão estão ainda longe de atingirem a um patamar desejável. Esta pesquisa buscou entender como se dá o atendimento à violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes na cidade de Assis, interior paulista. O objetivo era compreender se há uma rede organizada de atendimento, se há um acompanhamento às vítimas, ao agressor e à família e como este é realizado. A pesquisa intencionava ainda discutir quais as maiores dificuldades para a detecção, o encaminhamento e seguimento dos casos pelos profissionais. A metodologia desenvolvida é a qualitativa, com os pressupostos teóricos do Materialismo Histórico Dialético. Primeiramente foi realizada uma análise documental a 458 prontuários do Conselho Tutelar, referentes ao período de 03 de junho de 2005 a 31 de maio de 2006, totalizando 556 casos de crianças e adolescentes...
The domestic violence is an indoor scourge that is inflicted against children and adolescents in a way that harms their physical, social and psychic development, denying them their citizenship rights. Although today it has already been noticed a growing concern in all Brazilian State’s society regarding the violence issue in it’s varied faces, the domestic torment of countless children and adolescents is yet kept in a neglected and invisible condition by the public health, social care and education organs. Although the Brazilian legislation is one of the most advanced in anticipating the human rights enforcement, with absolute priority to the child and adolescent, the everyday practices around the issue are far yet from attaining a suitable level. This research pursued to understand how the assistance to domestic abuse against children and adolescents in the city of Assis, São Paulo’s countryside, is carried out. The aim was to comprehend if there is an assistance organized web, if there is escort to the victims, the attacker and his family and how this is accomplished. The research had yet aimed at discussing what are the major impairments to the detection, conducting and guidance of the cases by professionals. The methodology developed is the qualitative with the Historical-Dialect Materialism theoretical orientation. Firstly a documental analysis was performed in 458 Guardianship Council´s forms, concerning to the period from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)