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Journal articles on the topic 'Murray-Darling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Faulks, Leanne K., Dean M. Gilligan, and Luciano B. Beheregaray. "Phylogeography of a threatened freshwater fish (Mogurnda adspersa) in eastern Australia: conservation implications." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 1 (2008): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07167.

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Phylogeography is a field that has the potential to provide an integrative approach to the conservation of threatened species. The southern purple spotted gudgeon, Mogurnda adspersa, is a small freshwater fish that was once common and widely distributed throughout south-eastern Australia. However, habitat alteration has dramatically reduced the size and the range of Murray–Darling Basin populations, which are now classified as endangered. Here patterns of genetic structure and evolutionary history of M. adspersa in southern Queensland and the Murray–Darling Basin are elucidated using three regions of the mitochondrial DNA, the ATPase 6 and 8 and the control region. Murray–Darling Basin populations are characterised by lineages with highly localised endemism, very low genetic diversity and restricted gene flow. Phylogenetic reconstructions show that Murray–Darling Basin populations comprise a monophyletic clade that possibly originated by range expansion from the coast around 1.6 million years ago. It is proposed that the divergent Murray–Darling Basin clade is of high conservation priority and requires separate management. The present study further exemplifies the role of drainage rearrangement in driving evolutionary diversification in Australian freshwater fishes, an historical process with profound implications for conservation management.

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2

Crabb, Peter. "Managing the Murray‐Darling Basin." Australian Geographer 19, no. 1 (May 1988): 64–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049188808702951.

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3

Musyl, MK, and CP Keenan. "Population genetics and zoogeography of Australian freshwater golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Richardson 1845) (Teleostei: Percichthyidae), and electrophoretic identification of a new species from the Lake Eyre basin." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 6 (1992): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9921585.

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Populations of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) were sampled from both sides of the Great Dividing Range (GDR): from the Murray-Darling drainage basin (Murray R., L. Keepit and Condamine R.), the L. Eyre internal drainage basin (Barcoo R. and Diamantina R.), and the internal drainage basin of the Bulloo R.-all to the west of the GDR-and from the Fitzroy drainage basin (Dawson R. and Nogoa R.) east of the GDR. Starch-gel and polyacrylamide electrophoresis of 12 enzyme systems plus two general muscle proteins was used to estimate the genetic variation within and between populations. Of the 18 presumed genetic loci examined, nine were either polymorphic at the P0.99 criterion level or exhibited fixed allelic differences between some of the populations. Within the Murray-Darling drainage basin, there was little indication of heterogeneity. Contingency Χ2 analyses of allelic distributions among drainage basins indicated significant levels of heterogeneity at six variable loci. The isolated L. Eyre population exhibited diagnostic alleles at four loci when compared with the Murray- Darling and Fitzroy populations. The genetic distance of the L. Eyre population (Nei's D=0.23) from these two populations indicates that the L. Eyre golden perch is most probably a previously unrecognized allopatric species. The level of divergence (0 = 0.06) between Fitzroy and Murray-Darling golden perch indicates differentiation at the subspecies level, with no fixed differences observed between these two populations. Finally, golden perch from the Bulloo R. represent either (i) an intermediate evolutionary unit between the presumed ancestral L. Eyre population and the derived Murray-Darling and Fitzroy populations or (ii) a complex hybrid between these populations. Average gene-flow statistics, FST = 0.760 and Nem=0.08, suggest that the populations in each of the four basins can be regarded as separate gene pools that have been isolated for different, and considerable, periods of time.

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4

Fülöp, R. H., A. T. Codilean, K. M. Wilcken, T. J. Cohen, D. Fink, A. M. Smith, B. Yang, et al. "Million-year lag times in a post-orogenic sediment conveyor." Science Advances 6, no. 25 (June 2020): eaaz8845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz8845.

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Understanding how sediment transport and storage will delay, attenuate, and even erase the erosional signal of tectonic and climatic forcings has bearing on our ability to read and interpret the geologic record effectively. Here, we estimate sediment transit times in Australia’s largest river system, the Murray-Darling basin, by measuring downstream changes in cosmogenic 26Al/10Be/14C ratios in modern river sediment. Results show that the sediments have experienced multiple episodes of burial and reexposure, with cumulative lag times exceeding 1 Ma in the downstream reaches of the Murray and Darling rivers. Combined with low sediment supply rates and old sediment blanketing the landscape, we posit that sediment recycling in the Murray-Darling is an important and ongoing process that will substantially delay and alter signals of external environmental forcing transmitted from the sediment’s hinterland.

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5

Hope, Jeannette, and Luise Hercus. "The surveys of F.P. MacCabe and his records of Aboriginal placenames at the Junction of the Murray and Darling Rivers." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 121, no. 1 (2009): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs09193.

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Surveyor Francis Peter MacCabe mapped sections of the Murrumbidgee, Murray and Darling Rivers between 1848 and 1850. In the process he recorded and mapped hundreds of Aboriginal placenames. His surveys traversed the country of three distinct language families, making his careful recordings of particular linguistic value. This paper provides an overview of his life and work and provides an analysis of some of his records from the Murray-Darling Junction area.

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6

Sheldon, Fran, and Keith F. Walker. "Spatial distribution of littoral invertebrates in the lower Murray - Darling River system, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 2 (1998): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf96062.

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The abundance and richness of macroinvertebrates in the lower Murray and Darling rivers were examined at a macroscale (rivers), mesoscale (billabongs, backwaters, channel) and microscale (vegetation, snags, substrata). In the Darling, insects dominated (85% of taxa, 81% of individuals); the richest taxa were Diptera (26 taxa) and Coleoptera (15 taxa) and the most abundant were Hemiptera (47%) and Diptera (35%). In the Murray, insects again dominated (84% of taxa, 52% of individuals), particularly Diptera (22 taxa), Coleoptera (12 taxa) and Hemiptera (9 taxa), but there were more crustaceans (9% of taxa, 47% of individuals, particularly the atyid shrimp Paratya australiensis). Both assemblages were uneven: in the Darling, >50% of biomass was Micronecta spp. (Corixidae), Dicrotendipes sp. (Chironomidae) and Macrobrachium australiense (Palaemonidae); in the Murray, 70% of biomass was P. australiensis and Caridina mccullochi (Atyidae) and the insects Micronecta spp. (Corixidae) and Chironomus sp. (Chironomidae). Abundances generally were greatest in the Murray. Hydrologic and geomorphic factors influenced assemblages at the macroscale, whereas microhabitat diversity dominated at the mesoscale.

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7

Goss, K. "Report Card - Murray-Darling Basin - 2001." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0388.

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Ongoing deterioration of the riverine environments of the Murray-Darling Basin led the Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council to introduce a Cap in 1995 to halt the growth in diversions of water for consumptive use. This initiative recognised the finite nature of water resources in the Basin and sought to introduce a balance between off-stream use of water and protection of the riverine environment. But the cap is only one step, albeit a fundamental one, in restoring the Basin's rivers - it is a “stake in the ground”. Parties to the Murray-Darling Basin Initiative recognise the need to reverse decades of creeping decline if the Basin's rivers and riverine environments are to return to a more ecologically sustainable condition. In the last 12 months, Council and Commission have taken far-reaching decisions designed to restore the Basin's Rivers. Many of these decisions, even 10 years ago, would have been unimaginable. The Report Card will explain the need for a number of recent decisions that will impact on the future of the Basin's rivers. For example, Council's decision to establish an Environmental Manager function in the Office of the Commission was made in the context of the recently agreed Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) Policy, and supporting Sustainable Rivers Audit. The role of targets and accountabilities under the ICM Policy will also be discussed. The Report Card will also present a snapshot of the state of the Basin's rivers and the actions being taken at a range of scales and locations in response to identified problems. Because some of the key initiatives are still in development, this Report Card will set the scene by describing where our attention is being focused and why.

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8

Burdon, Peter. "Earth Jurisprudence and the Murray-Darling." Alternative Law Journal 37, no. 2 (June 2012): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x1203700203.

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9

Ballard, Clarke. "Management of Murray–Darling Basin, Australia." Irrigation and Drainage 69, no. 4 (July 28, 2020): 504–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.2510.

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10

Kearney, Robert E., and Melissa A. Kildea. "The Management of Murray Cod in the Murray-Darling Basin." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2004.10648597.

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11

Fusco, Diana A., Matthew C. McDowell, Graham Medlin, and Gavin J. Prideaux. "Fossils reveal late Holocene diversity and post-European decline of the terrestrial mammals of the Murray–Darling Depression." Wildlife Research 44, no. 1 (2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16134.

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Context Establishing appropriate faunal baselines is critical for understanding and abating biodiversity declines. However, baselines can be highly reliant on historical records that come from already disturbed ecosystems. This is exemplified in the Murray–Darling Depression bioregion of Australia, where European settlement (and accompanying marked land-management changes and the introduction of many species) triggered rapid declines and losses of native species, often before their documentation. Aims We aim to establish the mammal fauna present when Europeans settled the Murray Mallee and Murray–Darling Depression bioregion and determine the extent of mammal loss since European settlement. Methods We describe a dated vertebrate assemblage from Light’s Roost in the lower Murray Mallee region of South Australia. We compare our data with those of modern fauna surveys and historical records to document the extent of change in the mammal fauna since European settlement. Key results Radiocarbon ages showed that the assemblage was accumulating, at a minimum, within an interval from 1900 to 1300 years ago. Since this time, the Murray–Darling Depression has lost half of its flightless terrestrial mammals. Species lost include the mulgara (Dasycercus blythi/cristicauda), which places this taxon within only 40km of Lake Alexandrina, the hitherto-disputed type locality for D. cristicauda. Fossils provided the principal evidence for nearly half of the Murray Mallee fauna and over three-quarters of the fauna are represented in the fossil record. Conclusions Late Holocene assemblages provide important archives of species biogeography and diversity. Our revised faunal baseline indicated that the pre-European fauna of the Murray–Darling Depression was more diverse than hitherto understood and its reduction appears largely caused by the impacts of European settlement. Implications Baselines for species distributions derived from historical records and modern faunal surveys are likely to be incomplete and warrant revision, particularly for smaller and more cryptic species. Deficiencies in regional records mask the extent of mammal declines caused by European colonisation and associated agricultural practices, and thus vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance.

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12

Maini, N., A. Buchan, and S. Joseph. "Derivation of a salinity target for the Lower Murray Darling Valley." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 7 (October 1, 2003): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0430.

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The NSW Government commissioned catchment management boards (CMBs) to set the direction and process for catchment scale natural resource management. In the Lower Murray Darling, Rivers are highly regulated and water resources shared between three states. The Catchment Board only has jurisdiction over the northern bank of the Murray but salt and water enter the river from many locations upstream and along the area boundary. River salt and flow modelling has continually been improved to reflect and contribute to an increased understanding of salinity processes. The MDBC Salt Load study correlates 10 years of actual measured data with its modelled outputs, and estimates river salinities for 2020, 2050 and 2100. Routing models such as SALTFLO and MURKEY generate percentile salinity levels at different nodes in the River Murray downstream of the Lower Darling confluence. National, Murray-Darling Basin and NSW salinity management policy and legislative requirements were considered, MDBC model output was used to ensure the interim targets are achievable, auditable, and appropriate to the catchment. The method for an end-of-valley river based target for salinity is described. A target of less than 463 μS/cm for Lock 6, a point in the lower reaches of the Murray River is recommended for year 2010. Catchment management targets that express the main river salinity risk in five hydrologically distinct management zones are also recommended. Salinity management changes are needed in each zone to meet the end-of-valley target.

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13

Unmack, P. J., M. J. Young, B. Gruber, D. White, A. Kilian, X. Zhang, and A. Georges. "Phylogeography and species delimitation of Cherax destructor (Decapoda: Parastacidae) using genome-wide SNPs." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 6 (2019): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18347.

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Cherax is a genus of 58 species of decapod crustaceans that are widespread across Australia and New Guinea. We use single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine phylogeographic patterns in the most widespread species of Cherax, namely, C. destructor, and test the distinctiveness of one undescribed species, two C. destructor subspecies, previously proposed evolutionarily significant units, and management units. Both the phylogenetic analyses and the analysis of fixed allelic differences between populations support the current species-level taxonomy of C. setosus, C. depressus, C. dispar and C. destructor, the distinctiveness of C. destructor albidus and C. d. destructor and the existence of one undescribed species. The two populations of C. d. albidus from the Glenelg and Wimmera rivers were significantly distinct, with eight diagnostic differences (<1% fixed differences, null expectation is four fixed differences), but this low level of divergence is interpreted as within the range that might be expected of management units, that is, among allopatric populations of a single species or subspecies. A southern clade of C. d. destructor comprising the Murray River and its tributaries upstream from its confluence with the Darling River is genetically distinct from a northern clade comprising populations from the Lake Eyre Basin, the northern half of the Murray–Darling Basin (Darling River catchment) and the Lower Murray River below the Darling confluence.

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14

Pincus, Jonathan J. "Environmental economics and the Murray-Darling: comment." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 46, no. 4 (December 2002): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.t01-1-00049.

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15

Grafton, R. Quentin, and James Horne. "Water markets in the Murray-Darling Basin." Agricultural Water Management 145 (November 2014): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.12.001.

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16

Draper, Clara, and Graham Mills. "The Atmospheric Water Balance over the Semiarid Murray–Darling River Basin." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2008): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jhm889.1.

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Abstract The atmospheric water balance over the semiarid Murray–Darling River basin in southeast Australia is analyzed based on a consecutive series of 3- to 24-h NWP forecasts from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology’s Limited Area Prediction System (LAPS). Investigation of the LAPS atmospheric water balance, including comparison of the forecast precipitation to analyzed rain gauge observations, indicates that the LAPS forecasts capture the general qualitative features of the water balance. The key features of the atmospheric water balance over the Murray–Darling Basin are small atmospheric moisture flux divergence (at daily to annual time scales) and extended periods during which the atmospheric water balance terms are largely inactive, with the exception of evaporation, which is consistent and very large in summer. These features present unique challenges for NWP modeling. For example, the small moisture fluxes in the basin can easily be obscured by the systematic errors inherent in all NWP models. For the LAPS model forecasts, there is an unrealistically large evaporation excess over precipitation (associated with a positive bias in evaporation) and unexpected behavior in the moisture flux divergence. Two global reanalysis products (the NCEP Reanalysis I and the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis) also both describe (physically unrealistic) long-term negative surface water budgets over the Murray–Darling Basin, suggesting that the surface water budget cannot be sensibly diagnosed based on output from current NWP models. Despite this shortcoming, numerical models are in general the most appropriate tool for examining the atmospheric water balance over the Murray–Darling Basin, as the atmospheric sounding network in Australia has extremely low coverage.

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17

Whiterod, Nick R., and Keith F. Walker. "Will rising salinity in the Murray - Darling Basin affect common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)?" Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 8 (2006): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06021.

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Salinisation in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia, may affect aquatic flora and fauna, including the common carp, an alien species that has become the most common fish in the river system. This study describes the responses of juvenile carp (31–108 mm total length) to salinity levels that prevail in some wetlands of the lower reaches of the River Murray. Carp are moderately tolerant of salinity (direct transfer LC50: 11 715 mg L–1), particularly after slow acclimation (LC50: 13 070 mg L–1), but sub-lethal effects are evident at lower salinities. These include effects on osmoregulation (>7500 mg L–1), behaviour (7500–12 500 mg L–1) and sperm motility in mature fish (150–300 mm) (8330 mg L–1). Salinities in some Murray–Darling Basin wetlands already approach half seawater (17 500 mg L–1) and carp populations in these important nursery areas could be impacted through sub-lethal effects on adults and lethal effects on juveniles, eggs and sperm.

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18

Reid, Michael, and Peter Gell. "Regional wetland response typology: Murray-Darling Basin, Australia." PAGES news 19, no. 2 (July 2011): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.19.2.62.

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19

Sennett, Amy, Emma Chastain, Sarah Farrell, Tom Gole, Jasdeep Randhawa, and Chengyan Zhang. "Challenges and responses in the Murray–Darling Basin." Water Policy 16, S1 (March 1, 2014): 117–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.006.

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This paper traces the evolving institutional and policy responses to the social, environmental and economic needs of stakeholders in the Murray–Darling Basin. The paper begins by describing four cycles of challenge and response in the basin: the first period (1830–1900) witnessed the state-level development of irrigation and navigation in the basin; the second period (1900–1982) encompassed the construction of the basin's major engineering projects and irrigation infrastructure; the third period (1982–2007) covered the institution of market reforms under a ‘whole Basin’ management approach, in particular, the development of inter-state water trading and the National Water Initiative; and the fourth phase (2007–present), marks the assertion of federal authority over water management with the passing of the Water Act in 2007. The second section of the paper provides background on the basin's natural environment and its infrastructure. This section also describes the increasing centralization of basin management authority by the federal government. The paper's final section presents three key questions for the basin's future: (1) the politically acceptable balance between environmental and economic uses for water in the basin; (2) the appropriate allocation of responsibility between federal and state basin management authorities; and (3) the best way to deliver the desired environmental outcomes.

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20

Hart, Barry, Glen Walker, Asitha Katupitiya, and Jane Doolan. "Salinity Management in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia." Water 12, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 1829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061829.

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The southern Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) is particularly vulnerable to salinity problems. Much of the Basin’s landscape and underlying groundwater is naturally saline with groundwater not being suitable for human or irrigation use. Since European settlement in the early 1800s, two actions—the clearance of deep-rooted native vegetation for dryland agriculture and the development of irrigation systems on the Riverine Plains and Mallee region—have resulted in more water now entering the groundwater systems, resulting in mobilization of the salt to the land surface and to rivers. While salinity has been a known issue since the 1960s, it was only in the mid-1980s that was recognized as one of the most significant environmental and economic challenges facing the MDB. Concerted and cooperative action since 1988 by the Commonwealth and Basin state governments under a salinity management approach implemented over the past 30 years has resulted in salinity now being largely under control, but still requiring on-going active management into the future. The approach has involved the development of three consecutive salinity strategies governing actions from 1988 to 2000, from 2001 to 2015, and the most recent from 2016 to 2030. The basis of the approach and all three strategies is an innovative, world-leading salinity management framework consisting of: An agreed salinity target; joint works and measures to reduce salt entering the rivers; and an agreed accountability and governance system consisting of a system of salinity credits to offset debits, a robust and agreed method to quantify the credits and debits, and a salinity register to keep track of credits and debits. This paper first provides background to the salinity issue in the MDB, then reviews the three salinity management strategies, the various actions that have been implemented through these strategies to control salinity, and the role of the recent Basin Plan in salinity management. We then discuss the future of salinity in the MDB given that climate change is forecast to lead to a hotter, drier and more variable climate (particularly more frequent droughts), and that increased salt loads to the River Murray are predicted to come from the lower reaches of the Mallee region. Finally, we identify the key success factors of the program.

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21

PETERSON, DEBORAH, GAVAN DWYER, DAVID APPELS, and JANE FRY. "Water Trade in the Southern Murray-Darling Basin." Economic Record 81, s1 (August 2005): S115—S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2005.00248.x.

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22

Pigram, John J. "Towards Upstream-Downstream HydrosolidarityAustralia's Murray-Darling River Basin." Water International 25, no. 2 (June 2000): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060008686822.

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23

Crabb, Peter. "Australia's Murray-Darling Basin Initiative—Correcting the Record." Water International 26, no. 3 (September 2001): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060108686936.

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24

Quiggin, John. "Environmental economics and the Murray–Darling river system." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 45, no. 1 (March 2001): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.00134.

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25

Souter, Nicholas J., Craig R. Williams, John T. Jennings, and Robert W. Fitzpatrick. "Submission on the Draft Murray-Darling Basin Plan." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 137, no. 1 (January 2013): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/3721426.2013.10887177.

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26

Larkin, Paul. "Ecosystem response modelling in the Murray–Darling Basin." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 19, no. 4 (December 2012): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2012.705583.

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27

ROGERS, DANIEL J. "Ecosystem Response Modelling in the Murray-Darling Basin." Austral Ecology 36, no. 8 (November 28, 2011): e44-e44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2011.02285.x.

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28

GILLESPIE, RICHARD, DAVID FINK, FIONA PETCHEY, and GERALDINE JACOBSEN. "Murray-Darling basin freshwater shells: riverine reservoir effect." Archaeology in Oceania 44, no. 2 (July 2009): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2009.tb00053.x.

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29

Gehrke, Peter C., and John H. Harris. "Large-scale patterns in species richness and composition of temperate riverine fish communities, south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 2 (2000): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99061.

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Riverine fish in New South Wales were studied to examine longitudinal trends in species richness and to identify fish communities on a large spatial scale. Five replicate rivers of four types (montane, slopes, regulated lowland and unregulated lowland) were selected from North Coast, South Coast, Murray and Darling regions. Fishwere sampled during summer and winter in two consecutive years with standardized gear that maximized the range of species caught. The composition of fish communities varied among regions and river types, with little temporal variation. Distinct regional communities converged in montane reaches and diverged downstream. The fish fauna can be classified into North Coast, South Coast, Murray and Darling communities, with a distinct montane community at high elevations irrespective of the drainage division. Species richness increased downstream in both North Coast and South Coast regions by both replacement and the addition of new species. In contrast, species richness in the Darling and Murray regions reached a maximum in the slopes reaches and then declined, reflecting a loss of species in lowland reaches. The small number of species is typical of the freshwater fish faunas of similar climatic regions world-wide. Fish communities identified in this study form logical entities for fisheries management consistent with the ecosystem-focused, catchment-based approach to river management and water reform being adopted in Australia.

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30

Davie, Alec W., and Joe B. Pera. "The Fish Health Risk Indicator: linking water quality and river flow data with fish health to improve our predictive capacity around fish death events." Marine and Freshwater Research 73, no. 2 (2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf20360.

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Severe drought conditions contributed to three mass fish mortality events in the Darling River near Menindee, part of the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia, during the summer of 2018–19. An independent assessment recommended the need for improved modelling approaches to identify when sections of rivers may be more susceptible to fish kill events. We present a geographic information system (GIS)-based tool that combines meteorological forecasts with river flow and algal biomass datasets to identify river reaches where additional stresses on fish health may produce an increased risk of mass fish deaths. At present the tool is still in development and will require the addition of extra datasets and testing using historical datasets to further validate its accuracy. Despite the tool being in its development stage, the decision support tool has been widely accepted and provides natural resource managers with a rapid way to understand and communicate risks to fish health, supporting improved water management options across the Murray–Darling Basin that may ultimately help reduce the frequency and severity of large-scale fish mortality events.

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31

Fettling, Neil. "Water+shed: A 20-year survey of artwork on the Murray Darling Basin, Australia." Thesis Eleven 150, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 131–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618823778.

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The Murray Darling Basin is the primary watershed of the Australian continent. It is central to the national imaginary as both major food bowl and natural resource. Two hundred years of unsustainable pastoral and farming practices are threatening its ecological future and with it the nation-state’s industrial agricultural economic base. I am a visual artist who works in multiple media. For most of my career I have been living and working in this region. A major component of my intellectual and artistic expression has been expended in a critical and aesthetic response to this watershed. The artworks documented in this essay were part of a 20-year (1989–2009) survey exhibition of my mediations and responses to the crisis of water allocation in the Murray Darling Basin.

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32

Hamilton, Serena H., Carmel A. Pollino, and Keith F. Walker. "Regionalisation of freshwater fish assemblages in the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 4 (2017): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15359.

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Regionalisations based on species assemblages are a useful framework for characterising ecological communities and revealing patterns in the environment. In the present study, multivariate analyses are used to discern large-scale patterns in fish assemblages in the Murray–Darling Basin, based on information from the Murray–Darling Basin Authority’s first Sustainable Rivers Audit (SRA), conducted in 2004–2007. The Basin is classified into nine regions with similar historical fish assemblages (i.e. without major human intervention), using data that combine expert opinion, museum collections and historical records. These regions are (1) Darling Basin Plains, (2) Northern Uplands, (3) Murray Basin Plains, (4) Northern Alps, (5) Central East, (6) Avoca Lowland, (7) Southern Slopes, (8) Southern Alps and (9) South-Western Slopes. Associations between assemblages and physical variables (catchment area, elevation, hydrology, precipitation, temperature) are identified and used to reinforce the definitions of regions. Sustainable Rivers Audit data are compared with the historical assemblages, highlighting species whose range and abundance have changed since the early 19th century. Notable changes include declines in native species such as silver perch, river blackfish, mountain galaxias, Macquarie perch, trout cod and freshwater catfish, and the advent of alien species including common carp, eastern gambusia, goldfish, redfin perch, brown trout and rainbow trout. Less significant declines are evident for native carp gudgeons, golden perch, two-spined blackfish, bony herring and flathead gudgeon. Changes are evident even in regions where habitats have been little disturbed in the past 200 years.

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Frost, Warwick. "J. M.Powell, ‘MDB’: the Emergence of Bioregionalism in the Murray-Darling Basin (Canberra: Murray-Darling Basin Commission, 1993. Pp. 104. $20.00)." Australian Economic History Review 36, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aehr.361br8.

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34

T. Kingsford, Richard. "Managing Australia's Scarce Water Resources for the Environment." Pacific Conservation Biology 15, no. 1 (2009): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc090004.

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Australia has 12 major drainage basins, but most water use and extraction comes from the Murray- Darling Basin, despite not having Australia?s more populous cities. About 66% of surface water use in Australia is extracted from the rivers of the Murray-Darling Basin (NLWRA 2001). The ecological impacts are widespread and insurmountable: key ecosystems are in various stages of collapse. Many of these are conservation reserves and wetlands recognized for their international importance under the Ramsar Convention. Populations of native fish species are considered to be only at 10% of pre European levels with 46% of the 35 fish species now listed as threatened at state level (MDBC 2004). Waterbird populations are also declining significantly, sometimes up to 80% over a period of about 25 years (Kingsford and Thomas 2004; Nebel et al. 2008). Many communities of floodplain vegetation are also in decline. The River Murray no longer breaks through the sand barriers to naturally flow out to sea, with flow now only maintained by a dredge (costing ~$100,000 per week) to ensure that sand does not completely block the Murray mouth. The lower lakes are below sea level for the first time in more than 7,000 years and marine incursions into this freshwater ecosystem have allowed colonies of marine worms Ficopomatus enigmaticus to build their calcareous colonies on the backs of freshwater turtles and crabs weighing them down.

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Gell, Peter A. "Watching the tide roll away – contested interpretations of the nature of the Lower Lakes of the Murray Darling Basin." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 2 (2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18085.

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The Murray Darling Basin Plan (Murray Darling Basin Authority 2012) represents the largest investment by government in an Australian environmental management challenge and remains highly conflicted owing to the contested allocation of diminishing water resources. Central to the decision to reallocate consumptive water to environmental purposes in this Plan was the case made to maintain the freshwater character of two lakes at the terminus of the Murray Darling Basin, in South Australia. This freshwater state was identified as the natural condition on the basis of selected anecdotal evidence and was enshrined in the site’s listing under the Ramsar Convention. The commitment to the freshwater state was challenged under drought when sea water was seen as a means of averting acidification when low river flows risked the exposure of sulfidic sediments. Independent evidence from water quality indicators (diatoms) preserved in lake sediment records, however, attested to an estuarine, albeit variable, condition before the commissioning of near-mouth barrages in 1940. This interpretation for a naturally estuarine history, published after peer review, was overlooked in a report to the South Australian government, which argued, without the provision of new evidence from the lakes, that they were fresh for their entire history. This revised interpretation is widely cited in the scientific literature, government reports and online discussion and underpins a watering strategy aimed at a freshwater future for the Lower Lakes. The allocation of large volumes of fresh water to achieve this condition presents significant difficulties owing to the highly contested nature of water use across the Basin.

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Gell, Peter A. "Corrigendum to: Watching the tide roll away – contested interpretations of the nature of the Lower Lakes of the Murray Darling Basin." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 2 (2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18085_co.

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The Murray Darling Basin Plan (Murray Darling Basin Authority 2012) represents the largest investment by government in an Australian environmental management challenge and remains highly conflicted owing to the contested allocation of diminishing water resources. Central to the decision to reallocate consumptive water to environmental purposes in this Plan was the case made to maintain the freshwater character of two lakes at the terminus of the Murray Darling Basin, in South Australia. This freshwater state was identified as the natural condition on the basis of selected anecdotal evidence and was enshrined in the site's listing under the Ramsar Convention. The commitment to the freshwater state was challenged under drought when sea water was seen as a means of averting acidification when low river flows risked the exposure of sulfidic sediments. Independent evidence from water quality indicators (diatoms) preserved in lake sediment records, however, attested to an estuarine, albeit variable, condition before the commissioning of near-mouth barrages in 1940. This interpretation for a naturally estuarine history, published after peer review, was overlooked in a report to the South Australian government, which argued, without the provision of new evidence from the lakes, that they were fresh for their entire history. This revised interpretation is widely cited in the scientific literature, government reports and online discussion and underpins a watering strategy aimed at a freshwater future for the Lower Lakes. The allocation of large volumes of fresh water to achieve this condition presents significant difficulties owing to the highly contested nature of water use across the Basin.

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37

Crabb, Peter. "MANAGING AUSTRALIA’S MAJOR NATURAL RESOURCE: THE MURRAY-DARLING BASIN." Canadian Water Resources Journal 18, no. 1 (January 1993): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4296/cwrj1801067.

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Marohasy, J., and J. Abbot. "Restoring native fish populations in Australia’s murray darling basin." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 10, no. 4 (August 31, 2015): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp-v10-n4-487-498.

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39

Barrett, Jim, Heleena Bamford, and Peter Jackson. "Management of alien fishes in the Murray-Darling Basin." Ecological Management & Restoration 15 (March 2014): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12095.

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40

Biggs, A. J. W. "Rainfall salt accessions in the Queensland Murray - Darling Basin." Soil Research 44, no. 6 (2006): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06006.

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Two east–west transects were established in southern Queensland to quantify rainfall inputs of chloride and associated ions. Electrical conductivity, pH, and major and minor ions were measured at 9 sites within the Queensland Murray–Darling Basin and 1 site to the east. Variability at some sites was high, possibly a function of the sample collection method. Ionic concentrations decreased with distance inland, a trend similar to that observed elsewhere in Australia, although values closer to the coast were higher than observed in southern and western Australia. Equations to predict both annual average rainfall chloride mass deposition and total salt deposition were derived.

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41

Connell, Daniel. "Catchment management across borders in the Murray–Darling Basin." International Journal of River Basin Management 11, no. 2 (June 2013): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2012.727827.

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42

McCaskill, Murray. "The Emergence of Bioregionalism in the Murray-Darling Basin." New Zealand Geographer 51, no. 1 (April 1995): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1995.tb00456.x.

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43

Cresswell, R. G., M. Silburn, A. Biggs, D. Rassam, and V. McNeil. "Hydrogeochemistry of Hodgson Creek catchment, Queensland Murray-Darling Basin." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 18 (August 2006): A117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.148.

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Lu, Hua, C. J. Moran, and Ian P. Prosser. "Modelling sediment delivery ratio over the Murray Darling Basin." Environmental Modelling & Software 21, no. 9 (September 2006): 1297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2005.04.021.

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45

Horne, James. "The 2012 Murray-Darling Basin Plan – issues to watch." International Journal of Water Resources Development 30, no. 1 (May 17, 2013): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2013.787833.

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46

Vervoort, R. W., M. Silburn, and M. Kirby. "Near surface water balance in the Northern Murray-Darling Basin." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 7 (October 1, 2003): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0442.

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The water balance allows the calculation of deep drainage from other components of the hydrological cycle. Deep drainage has been linked to outbreaks of dryland and irrigated salinity. Until recently, deep drainage was not considered to be an issue on the alluvial plains of the Northern Murray-Darling Basin. Recent simulation studies and calculations using the water balance suggest that substantial deep drainage occurs under irrigated agriculture. However, these estimates have large uncertainties due to possible errors in measurement, calculation and due to spatial variability. On a catchment scale the relative area under a certain land use as well as the connection to local groundwater and the influence of anomalies such as prior streams needs to be considered. This paper discusses the current state of knowledge on the water balance in the Northern Murray-Darling Basin and highlights the need for a concentrated effort to measure all the components of the water balance in this area, as well as the effect on shallow groundwater quality and levels.

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Davies, Peter, and Susan Lawrence. "Engineered landscapes of the southern Murray–Darling Basin: Anthropocene archaeology in Australia." Anthropocene Review 6, no. 3 (September 8, 2019): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019619872826.

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Human activities over the past 200 years have fundamentally transformed the shape of Australia’s southern Murray–Darling Basin. The arrival of British colonists in the 19th century disrupted millennia of human management of the region and brought widespread changes to biota and soils. The subsequent development of mining, transport and irrigation infrastructure re-engineered the region’s landscapes to meet human objectives and ambitions. This article offers an integrated regional history of anthropogenic change across the southern Murray–Darling Basin, identifying historical processes driving complex ongoing interactions between human activities and the natural environment. We examine three broad domains of engineering and geo-disturbance in the region, including the development of transport corridors, micro- and macro-scale water management and landforms remade by erosion and sedimentation. We use the archaeology of the recent past to integrate insights drawn from physical geography, fluvial geomorphology and related research into the enduring landscape changes of modern Australia’s food bowl.

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McPherson, Amy, Philip Roberts, and Natalie Downes. "Community perspectives and the politics of water in rural Australia: Rural-regional sustainability education in the Murray Darling Basin." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 27, no. 2 (August 18, 2017): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v27i2.121.

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Sustainability is a central challenge facing the future viability of Murray-Darling Basin (MDB) communities in rural Australia.Â Faced with environmental uncertainty and its associated community impacts, sustainability has at once been positioned as the path to a prosperous future and a flash point of community conflict. Key to these tensions has been different perspectives on sustainability adopted by various community members and the difficulty of working towards a shared understanding of the term. Drawing upon the first phase of a two-year project exploring education and sustainability in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, the paper examines different community understandings of sustainability. The differences observed reflect debates about community in rural areas, as well as sustainability in the research literature. We then consider the role of education in collaborative community dialogue about rural-regional sustainability in contexts where sustainability education plays out against broader conflicts over the natural resource of water and its pivotal role in Australiaâ€™s economic wealth and social wellbeing.

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Stewart, G., and B. Harper. "Barmah-Millewa forest environmental water allocation." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0398.

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The formal allocation of water for the environment is a developing area of river management both scientifically and in terms of community participation. This case study, illustrating the recent use of the Barmah-Millewa Forest Environmental Water Allocation (EWA), provides a practical demonstration of community participation in environmental water management, the application of hydrological and biological “triggers” and a positive, demonstrable biological outcome from an environmental water allocation. The Barmah-Millewa Forest covers an area of 70,000 ha across the floodplain of the Murray River, upstream of the town of Echuca. About half the forest is in NSW (Millewa) and half is in Victoria (Barmah). The Barmah Forest is a Wetland of International Importance listed under the Convention on Wetlands - Ramsar Convention. The forest is the largest river redgum forest in the world. The natural flooding cycle associated with the forest has been significantly altered by regulation of the Murray River - impacting upon the overall health of the forest ecosystem. Recognising this, the Murray Darling Basin Commission developed a water management strategy for the forest to enhance forest, fish and wildlife values. To implement this strategy, between 1990 and 1993 reports were completed and community consultation took place. In 1993 the Murray Darling Basin Ministerial Council approved allocation of 100 Gigalitres of water per year, provided in equal shares by NSW and Victoria, to meet the needs of the forest ecosystem and in 1994 the Barmah-Millewa Forum was established under the Murray-Darling Basin Agreement. The vision for the Forum is to maintain and, where possible, improve the ecological and productive sustainability of the Barmah-Millewa Forest and to establish a planning and operational framework to better meet the flooding and drying requirements of the riparian forests and wetlands. Between October 2000 and January 2001 the Barmah-Millewa Forest Environmental Water Allocation was used for the second time. A total of 341 GL was released as an EWA. This amount represented only 8% of the total flows downstream of Yarrawonga Weir from September 2000 and January 2001. The strategic use of the relatively small amount of water enabled flooding to be maintained and ensured significant breeding success for water birds and other biota in the Forest.

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Tibby, John, Deborah Haynes, and Kerri Muller. "The predominantly fresh history of Lake Alexandrina, South Australia, and its implications for the Murray–Darling Basin Plan: a comment on Gell (2020)." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 2 (2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc19039.

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The pre-European settlement state of Lake Alexandrina, a lake system at the mouth of the River Murray has been the subject of some debate. Fluin et al. (2007) concluded on the basis of diatom evidence from sediment cores that ‘Marine water indicators were never dominant in Lake Alexandrina’. In a report to the South Australian Government, Fluin et al. (2009) stated, consistent with the earlier research, that ‘There is no evidence in the 7000 year record of substantial marine incursions into Lake Alexandrina’. Gell (2020) has argued both that Fluin et al. (2009) is in error and claims that it, and Sim and Muller’s (2004) book that describes early European settler accounts of the lake being fresh, underpin water provisions for Lake Alexandrina under the Murray–Darling Basin Plan. This response demonstrates that all these claims are untrue. Of the three diatom species suggested by Gell (2020) to be indicators of marine waters, Thalassiosira lacustris grows in the freshwater River Murray today, Cyclotella striata was never more than a minor component of the diatom flora and Paralia sulcata has not been detected in the lake in over 3000 years. Water provisions for Lake Alexandrina under The Basin Plan are founded on contemporary environmental water requirements and achievement of agreed socio-ecological-economic objectives, rather than the history of the lake. Nevertheless, the aim to maintain the lake as a freshwater ecosystem under The Murray–Darling Basin Plan is consistent with its history.

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