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Journal articles on the topic 'Murray cod'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Douglas, JW, GJ Gooley, BA Ingram, ND Murray, and LD Brown. "Natural hybridization between Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) and trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier) (Percichthyidae) in the Murray River, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 4 (1995): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950729.

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Hybridization is confirmed between two wild, naturally sympatric populations of Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii, and trout cod, M. macquariensis, from the Murray River, Australia. Electrophoretic comparisons of proteins in muscle and liver tissues from trout cod, Murray cod, an artificially produced hybrid of Murray cod and trout cod, and putative wild hybrids from the Murray River indicated that the last group were first-generation interspecific hybrids. This is the first record of hybridization between naturally occumng populations of these two species. Naturally occurring wild populations of both trout cod and Murray cod are nonetheless genetically distinct and there is no evidence of introgression between the species. These findings have some implications for management policies and practices in relation to both species, and these are discussed.

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2

Koehn, John D., and D. J. Harrington. "Collection and distribution of the early life stages of the Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) in a regulated river." Australian Journal of Zoology 53, no. 3 (2005): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo04086.

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The Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) is a large fish species keenly sought by anglers. However, this species has declined in distribution and abundance and is now listed nationally as vulnerable. This study was undertaken in the Ovens and Murray rivers, to collect larvae and age-0 Murray cod and determine the distribution of larval Murray cod around the mid-Murray River irrigation storage of Lake Mulwala. Murray cod larvae were collected from 17 of 18 sites: main channels and flowing anabranch channels of regulated and unregulated rivers, sites upstream and downstream of the lake, in the upper and lower reaches of the lake, and in the outflowing Yarrawonga irrigation channel. Larval Murray cod were collected only by methods that sampled drift in flowing waters. Age-0 Murray cod were collected by electrofishing in the main river, but not in off-channel waters, suggesting that cod are likely to settle into habitats in the main channel at a post-larval stage. The widespread occurrence of drifting larvae suggests that this species may be subject to previously unrecognised threats as they pass through hydro-electric power stations or become stranded in anabranch and irrigation channels. Results of this study are likely to be applicable to other species with drifting larval stages, and are relevant to other locations in the Murray–Darling Basin.

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3

Couch, Alan J., Peter J. Unmack, Fiona J. Dyer, and Mark Lintermans. "Who’s your mama? Riverine hybridisation of threatened freshwater Trout Cod and Murray Cod." PeerJ 4 (October 27, 2016): e2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2593.

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Rates of hybridization and introgression are increasing dramatically worldwide because of translocations, restocking of organisms and habitat modifications; thus, determining whether hybridization is occuring after reintroducing extirpated congeneric species is commensurately important for conservation. Restocking programs are sometimes criticized because of the genetic consequences of hatchery-bred fish breeding with wild populations. These concerns are important to conservation restocking programs, including those from the Australian freshwater fish family, Percichthyidae. Two of the better known Australian Percichthyidae are the Murray Cod,Maccullochella peeliiand Trout Cod,Maccullochella macquariensiswhich were formerly widespread over the Murray Darling Basin. In much of the Murrumbidgee River, Trout Cod and Murray Cod were sympatric until the late 1970s when Trout Cod were extirpated. Here we use genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data together with mitochondrial sequences to examine hybridization and introgression between Murray Cod and Trout Cod in the upper Murrumbidgee River and consider implications for restocking programs. We have confirmed restocked riverine Trout Cod reproducing, but only as inter-specific matings, in the wild. We detected hybrid Trout Cod–Murray Cod in the Upper Murrumbidgee, recording the first hybrid larvae in the wild. Although hybrid larvae, juveniles and adults have been recorded in hatcheries and impoundments, and hybrid adults have been recorded in rivers previously, this is the first time fertile F1 have been recorded in a wild riverine population. The F1 backcrosses with Murray cod have also been found to be fertile. All backcrosses noted were with pure Murray Cod. Such introgression has not been recorded previously in these two species, and the imbalance in hybridization direction may have important implications for restocking programs.

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4

Leigh, Sandra J., and Brenton P. Zampatti. "Movement and mortality of Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii, during overbank flows in the lower River Murray, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 2 (2013): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12124.

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Conservation of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a large endangered fish species of Australia’s Murray–Darling Basin, relies on a detailed understanding of life history, including movement patterns and habitat use. We used radio-tracking to investigate the movement of 36 Murray cod in main channel and anabranch habitats of the lower River Murray during a flood and associated hypoxic blackwater event. During a flood peak of ~93 000 ML day–1, dissolved oxygen decreased to 1.2 mg L–1. Four movement types were observed: (1) localised small-scale movement, (2) broad-scale movement within anabranch habitats, (3) movement between anabranch and main channel habitats, and (4) large-scale riverine movement. Murray cod exhibited high fidelity to anabranch habitats but also moved extensively between anabranches and the main channel. Fish were consistently located in the main channel or permanent anabranches, suggesting that use of ephemeral floodplain habitats is limited, and highlighting the importance of connectivity between off-channel and main channel habitats. Mortality of radio-tagged fish was considerable (25%) in association with low dissolved oxygen concentrations, indicating that hypoxic blackwater may have had a substantial impact on Murray cod populations in the lower River Murray.

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5

Kearney, Robert E., and Melissa A. Kildea. "The Management of Murray Cod in the Murray-Darling Basin." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2004.10648597.

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6

Ebner, B. "Murray cod an apex predator in the Murray River, Australia." Ecology of Freshwater Fish 15, no. 4 (December 2006): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00191.x.

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7

Forbes, Jamin, Robyn J. Watts, Wayne A. Robinson, Lee J. Baumgartner, Prue McGuffie, Leo M. Cameron, and David A. Crook. "Assessment of stocking effectiveness for Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) and golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in rivers and impoundments of south-eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 10 (2016): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15230.

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Stock enhancement is a management tool used for fishery recovery worldwide, yet the success of many stocking programs remains unquantified. Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) and golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) are important Australian recreational target species that have experienced widespread decline. Stocking of these species has been undertaken for decades, with limited assessment of effectiveness. A batch marking and recapture approach was applied to assess stocked Murray cod and golden perch survival, contributions to wild fisheries, and condition in rivers and impoundments. Stocked fish were marked with calcein. Marked fish were detected during surveys undertaken 3 years and 10 months from initial marking, and it is probable that marks will persist beyond this time. The proportion of calcein marked fish in the population sub-sample whose age was equal to, or less than, the number of years since release, varied by 7–94% for Murray cod, and 9–98% for golden perch. Higher proportions of marked fish were found in impoundments than rivers. Marked Murray cod had significantly steeper length–weight relationships (i.e. higher weight at a given length) to unmarked fish. Our results show that application of methods for discriminating stocked and wild fish provides critical information for the development of adaptive, location-specific stocking strategies.

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8

Stuart, Ivor, Clayton Sharpe, Kathryn Stanislawski, Anna Parker, and Martin Mallen-Cooper. "From an irrigation system to an ecological asset: adding environmental flows establishes recovery of a threatened fish species." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 9 (2019): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19197.

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Worldwide, riverine fish are the target of environmental water because populations have declined in lotic river habitats following river regulation. Murray cod is an endangered Australian riverine fish with remaining populations associated with lotic river reaches with instream habitat, including some creeks operated as part of irrigation systems. Our objectives were to develop a life history model, apply the building block method of environmental flows to enhance the abundance of juvenile Murray cod and promote population recovery. From 2008 to 2018 we evaluated changes to Murray cod juvenile abundance before and after implementation of a perennial environmental flow regime that began in 2013. During the first year of the environmental flow, larvae were collected as evidence of spawning. Murray cod abundance can be enhanced with environmental flows that target: (1) an annual spring spawning or recruitment flow with no rapid water level drops; (2) maximising hydrodynamic complexity (i.e. flowing habitats that are longitudinally continuous and hydrodynamically complex); and (3) an annual base winter connection flow. Recognition that incorporating hydraulics (water level and velocity) at fine and coarse time scales, over spatial scales that reflect life histories, provides broader opportunities to expand the scope of environmental flows to help restore imperilled fish species in regulated ecosystems.

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9

Nock, Catherine J., Martin S. Elphinstone, Stuart J. Rowland, and Peter R. Baverstock. "Phylogenetics and revised taxonomy of the Australian freshwater cod genus, Maccullochella (Percichthyidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 9 (2010): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09145.

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Determining the phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships among allopatric populations can be difficult, especially when divergence is recent and morphology is conserved. We used mitochondrial sequence data from the control region and three protein-coding genes (1253 bp in total) and genotypes determined at 13 microsatellite loci to examine the evolutionary relationships among Australia’s largest freshwater fish, the Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii, from the inland Murray–Darling Basin, and its allopatric sister taxa from coastal drainages, the eastern freshwater cod, M. ikei, and Mary River cod, M. peelii mariensis. Phylogenetic analyses provided strong support for taxon-specific clades, with a clade containing both of the eastern taxa reciprocally monophyletic to M. peelii peelii, suggesting a more recent common ancestry between M. ikei and M. peelii mariensis than between the M. peelii subspecies. This finding conflicts with the existing taxonomy and suggests that ancestral Maccullochella crossed the Great Dividing Range in the Pleistocene and subsequently diverged in eastern coastal drainages. Evidence from the present study, in combination with previous morphological and allozymatic data, demonstrates that all extant taxa are genetically and morphologically distinct. The taxonomy of Maccullochella is revised, with Mary River cod now recognised as a species, Maccullochella mariensis, a sister species to eastern freshwater cod, M. ikei. As a result of the taxonomic revision, Murray cod is M. peelii.

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10

Koehn, John D., and Simon J. Nicol. "Comparative habitat use by large riverine fishes." Marine and Freshwater Research 65, no. 2 (2014): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13011.

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The present radio-tracking study compared adult daytime microhabitat use by three large Australian native freshwater fishes (Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii, trout cod, M. macquariensis, golden perch, Maquaria ambigua) and introduced carp, Cyprinus carpio, in the Murray River, south-eastern Australia. The paper describes habitat patches used by all species and quantifies differences among species. All species were strongly associated with structural woody habitat (>68% cover), deeper (>2.4 m), slower water (<0.2 m s–1) closer to the river bank, with variations in substrate. Murray cod and trout cod used deeper habitats (2.8 m and 2.9 m, respectively), with higher surface water velocities (0.37 m s–1 and 0.49 m s–1, respectively) and further from the bank than the habitats of golden perch (2.6 m; 0.31 m s–1) or carp (2.4 m; 0.20 m s–1), the latter species using wood higher in the water column than did cod species. Trout cod used habitats furthest from the bank and carp those closest. These data provide support and direction for reintroduction of structural woody habitat patches for rehabilitation which, in general, should have >70% cover, be >1.5 m high, located <15% of the river channel (width) closest to the bank, with surface water velocities of 0.3–0.6 m s–1.

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11

Lieschke, J. A., J. P. Lyon, P. D. Moloney, and S. J. Nicol. "Spatial partitioning in the use of structural woody habitat supports the cohabitation of two cod species in a large lowland river." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 12 (2016): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15067.

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Many freshwater fish worldwide have been shown to use Structural Woody Habitat (SWH) for a variety of reasons. The mid reaches of the Murray River, a large lowland river in south-eastern Australia, was surveyed by boat electrofishing, to investigate the use of SWH type (hollows, rootmass and solids), SWH distance to bank (near bank, intermediate to bank and mid-channel) and the interaction between SWH type and distance to bank. The study found that Murray cod catch per unit effort (CPUE) increased in near-bank areas when hollows were a component of the SWH. The CPUE of trout cod was higher when hollows were present. However, the interactions between distance to bank and hollow SWH were complex and dependent on presence or absence of rootmass. The species-specific interactions between SWH microhabitat and distance to bank found within this study has important relevance for stream managers. The common practice of realigning SWH favours Murray cod over trout cod, which could have negative consequences for the endangered trout cod. More broadly, managers may need to consider a balance of SWH type and where it is placed in the river for the species they are targeting when rehabilitating rivers via the introduction of SWH.

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12

Stewart, Alistair James. "A Murray Cod assemblage: Re/considering riverScape pedagogy." Journal of Environmental Education 49, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2017.1417224.

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13

Koehn, John D. "Using radio telemetry to evaluate the depths inhabited by Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii)." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 4 (2009): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08163.

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Radio telemetry is widely used in studies of freshwater fishes, but the vertical position of fish in riverine environments is rarely reported. The present study tested the application of radio transmitters fitted with depth sensors to determine the vertical position of Murray cod in the lower Ovens River in south-eastern Australia. As the scale of depths in rivers is usually limited (<10 m in the present study), there is a greater need to assess measurement error. The study first involved trials to define depth measurement errors, and a mean relative bias of 9% (range 1.5–14.8%) towards greater depth was recorded. These data were then used to correct the depths recorded from tagged fish. Although data from this preliminary study are somewhat limited, results from the tagged fish showed that by day they all occupied the lower 15% of the water column, indicating that Murray cod exhibit demersal behaviour, using bottom rather than mid-water habitats. Although the present study highlights the importance of tag trials in determining errors, it also indicates the potential application of this technique to understanding the depth-integrated habitat preferences of Murray cod and other species.

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14

Whiterod, Nick S. "Calibration of a rapid non-lethal method to measure energetic status of a freshwater fish (Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii)." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 5 (2010): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09105.

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The energetic status of freshwater fish provides a dynamic measure of their energy balance in response to the environment they occupy. Commercially available microwave technology (the ‘energy meter’) provides a rapid, non-lethal and inexpensive alternative to traditional laboratory methods for the determination of energy density. The energy meter requires species-specific confirmation of the water–lipid relationship, and comparison of energy meter readings with laboratory-determined estimates of the whole-body energy density. I explored the applicability of the energy meter to the threatened Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii), using both hatchery and wild individuals. Although hatchery and wild fish varied in lipid content, water content and energy density, the parameter comparisons necessary to calibrate the energy meter were statistically consistent between both groups. Subsequently, a robust combined water–lipid relationship was identified for Murray cod, where energy density was strongly related to both water content and lipid content. Average energy meter readings were capable of providing a rapid, non-lethal and accurate assessment of Murray cod energy density. The successful calibration highlights the applicability of the energy meter to provide a dynamic measure of the energetic status of threatened freshwater fish throughout the world.

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15

Shams, Foyez, Fiona Dyer, Ross Thompson, Richard P. Duncan, Jason D. Thiem, Zuzana Majtánová, and Tariq Ezaz. "Karyotypes and Sex Chromosomes in Two Australian Native Freshwater Fishes, Golden Perch (Macquaria ambigua) and Murray Cod (Maccullochella peelii) (Percichthyidae)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174244.

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Karyotypic data from Australian native freshwater fishes are scarce, having been described from relatively few species. Golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) and Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) are two large-bodied freshwater fish species native to Australia with significant indigenous, cultural, recreational and commercial value. The arid landscape over much of these fishes’ range, coupled with the boom and bust hydrology of their habitat, means that these species have potential to provide useful evolutionary insights, such as karyotypes and sex chromosome evolution in vertebrates. Here we applied standard and molecular cytogenetic techniques to characterise karyotypes for golden perch and Murray cod. Both species have a diploid chromosome number 2n = 48 and a male heterogametic sex chromosome system (XX/XY). While the karyotype of golden perch is composed exclusively of acrocentric chromosomes, the karyotype of Murray cod consists of two submetacentric and 46 subtelocentric/acrocentric chromosomes. We have identified variable accumulation of repetitive sequences (AAT)10 and (CGG)10 along with diverse methylation patterns, especially on the sex chromosomes in both species. Our study provides a baseline for future cytogenetic analyses of other Australian freshwater fishes, especially species from the family Percichthyidae, to better understand their genome and sex chromosome evolution.

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16

Anderson, JR, AK Morison, and DJ Ray. "Age and growth of Murray Cod, Maccullochella peelii (Perciformes: Percichthyidae), in the Lower Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, from thin-sectioned Otoliths." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 5 (1992): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920983.

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Transverse thin sections (0.5 mm thick) of sagittal otoliths from 290 Murray cod up to 1400 mm in total length and 47.3 kg in weight were used to establish the age and growth of cod in the lower Murray-Darling Basin, including comparisons of recent (1986-91) and past (1949-51) growth rates and growth in different waters. The maximum estimated age was 48 years. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the seasonal changes in otolith marginal increments showed that annuli in fish of all ages were laid down each spring, and 1 October was assigned as the birthday. The thin-sectioning method was validated by comparing age estimates for 55 Murray cod from Lake Charlegrark (age 0-21 years), which had been validated by using burnt and polished half-otoliths. The new method had an accuracy of 96.4% and it offers major advantages in ease of preparation, reading, and batch-handling of large numbers of otoliths. The precision of the method, estimated as an average error for four readers, was 5.4% (3.0% after ignoring discrepancies in relation to annuli on otolith edges). There was a linear relationship between otolith weight and fish age and an exponential relationship between otolith weight and fish length. Both otolith length and otolith width reached an asymptote at about 15 years, when fish length also approached its maximum. However, otolith thickness continued to increase throughout the life of the fish and, after about 15 years, contributed most to the increase in otolith weight. This confirmed that otoliths continued to grow in thickness and that annuli were laid down throughout life, and that cod could be aged reliably to the maximum age. The annulus pattern is very clear and distinct, and the reading techniques are fully described, including recognition of 'larval' and 'false' rings. Various differences were found in the growth rates, and the length-weight relationships for males and females, for cod caught in 1986-91 and those caught in 1949-51, and various subpopulations are discussed. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters (all individuals combined) were estimated at L∞ = 1202 mm, k=0.108 and t0= -0.832. The availability of a reliable ageing method provides the first opportunity to determine year of birth and thus to examine the age structure of populations and to effectively manage cod populations that have declined in abundance.

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17

Couch, Alan J., Fiona Dyer, and Mark Lintermans. "Multi-year pair-bonding in Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii)." PeerJ 8 (December 10, 2020): e10460. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10460.

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Mating strategies in fishes are known to include polygyny, polyandry and monogamy and provide valuable insights regarding powerful evolutionary forces such as sexual selection. Monogamy is a complex of mating systems that has been relatively neglected. Previous work on mating strategies in fishes has often been based on observation and focused on marine species rather than freshwater fishes. SNPs are increasingly being used as a molecular ecology tool in non-model organisms, and methods of probabilistic genetic analysis of such datasets are becoming available for use in the absence of parental genotypes. This approach can be used to infer mating strategies. The long-term pair bonding seen in mammals, reptiles and birds has not been recorded in freshwater fishes—in every other respect an extremely diverse group. This study shows that multi-year pair bonding occurs in an Australian Percichthyid fish that exhibits paternal care of eggs and larvae. Using SNPs, full sibling pairs of larvae were found over multiple years in a three-year study. Stable isotope signatures of the larvae support the genetic inference that full sibling pairs shared a common mother, the ultimate source of that isotopic signature during oogenesis. Spatial and temporal clustering also suggests that the full sibling larvae are unlikely to be false positive identifications of the probabilistic identification of siblings. For the first time, we show multi-year pair bonding in a wild freshwater fish. This will have important conservation and management implications for the species. This approach could provide insights into many behavioural, ecological and evolutionary questions, particularly if this is not a unique case. Our findings are likely to initiate interest in seeking more examples of monogamy and alternative mating strategies in freshwater fishes, particularly if others improve methods of analysis of SNP data for identification of siblings in the absence of parental genotypes.

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18

Shigdar, S., D. Cook, P. Jones, A. Harford, and A. C. Ward. "Blood cells of Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell)." Journal of Fish Biology 70, no. 3 (March 2007): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01351.x.

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19

Ingram, B. A., H. McPartlan, M. Rourke, W. Bravington, N. Robinson, and B. Hayes. "Genetic enhancement of Murray cod for aquaculture and conservation." Aquaculture 272 (2007): S271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.07.094.

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20

Daly, Jonathan, David Galloway, William Bravington, Michael Holland, and Brett Ingram. "Cryopreservation of sperm from Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii." Aquaculture 285, no. 1-4 (December 2008): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.08.023.

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21

Shamsi, Shokoofeh, Xiaocheng Zhu, Diane P. Barton, Mai Dang, Rafael Freire, and Barbara F. Nowak. "Dermocystidium sp. infection in farmed Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii." Aquaculture 528 (November 2020): 735596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735596.

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22

Ingram, Brett A. "Culture of juvenile Murray cod, trout cod and Macquarie perch (Percichthyidae) in fertilised earthen ponds." Aquaculture 287, no. 1-2 (February 2009): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.016.

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23

LANCASTER, MJ, MM WILLIAMSON, and CJ SCHROEN. "Iridovirus-associated mortality in farmed Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii)." Australian Veterinary Journal 81, no. 10 (October 2003): 633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb12512.x.

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24

Baragahare, Rona, Joy A. Becker, Matt Landos, Jan Šlapeta, and Michelle M. Dennis. "Gastric cryptosporidiosis in farmed Australian Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii." Aquaculture 314, no. 1-4 (April 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.01.021.

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25

Baumgartner, Lee J., Nathan Reynoldson, and Dean M. Gilligan. "Mortality of larval Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) and golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) associated with passage through two types of low-head weirs." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 2 (2006): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05098.

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Determining factors responsible for increases in the mortality of freshwater fish larvae are important for the conservation of recruitment processes and for the long-term sustainability of freshwater fish populations. To assess the impact of one such process, Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii Mitchell) and golden perch (Macquaria ambigua Richardson) larvae were arranged into treatment and control groups and passed through different configurations (overshot and undershot) of a low-level weir. Passage through an undershot weir resulted in the death of 95 ± 1% golden perch and 52 ± 13% Murray cod. By comparison, mortality was significantly lower in the overshot treatment and both controls. The relatively large number of undershot weirs within the known distribution of these species could impact upon recruitment over a large scale. It is therefore recommended that water management authorities consider the potential threats of operating undershot gated weirs on the survival of larval fish until further research determines appropriate mitigatory measures for these and other species.

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Shamsi, Shokoofeh, Scott Day, Xiaocheng Zhu, Matthew McLellan, Diane P. Barton, Mai Dang, and Barbara F. Nowak. "Wild fish as reservoirs of parasites on Australian Murray cod farms." Aquaculture 539 (June 2021): 736584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736584.

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27

Gwinn, Daniel C., Gavin Butler, Brett Ingram, Scott Raymond, Mark Lintermans, and Qifeng Ye. "Borrowing external information to estimate angler size selectivity: model development and application to Murray cod." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 2 (February 2020): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0045.

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Estimating the size selectivity of fishery users and sampling methods can be difficult to achieve due to data limitations. However, these limitations can be moderated by borrowed information from other sources such as other systems, times, and species. Here we develop a model that integrates an externally sourced boat electrofishing length–vulnerability model with internally sourced boat electrofishing and angling catch data to estimate length-dependent vulnerability of fish to angling in a data-limited situation. We apply the model to Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) as an example and show that angling for Murray cod selectively captures a narrow range of sizes that includes medium to large size fish. Although boat electrofishing also followed a similar pattern, the range of fish sizes vulnerable to capture was much broader, including a more uniform vulnerability of all size classes evaluated. Understanding the length selectivity to capture has key implications for effective determination of fisheries regulations, as well as interpreting monitoring data. Thus, we see this modelling approach as a good option when more informative data are not available to support the estimation process.

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Barugahare, Rona, Michelle M. Dennis, Joy A. Becker, and Jan Šlapeta. "Detection ofCryptosporidium molnariOocysts from Fish by Fluorescent-Antibody Staining Assays forCryptosporidiumspp. Affecting Humans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 5 (January 14, 2011): 1878–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02691-10.

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ABSTRACTThree direct fluorescent-antibody staining assay kits for the detection of zoonoticCryptosporidiumspecies were used to detectCryptosporidium molnarifrom Murray cod, and the cryptosporidia were characterized by using small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA). To facilitate rapid diagnosis of infection, this study demonstrated that all three kits detected freshC. molnariand two kits detected formalin-fixed oocysts.

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Lyon, Jarod P., Tomas Bird, Simon Nicol, Joanne Kearns, Justin O’Mahony, Charles R. Todd, Ian G. Cowx, and Corey J. A. Bradshaw. "Efficiency of electrofishing in turbid lowland rivers: implications for measuring temporal change in fish populations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 6 (June 2014): 878–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0287.

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To quantify how electrofishing capture probability varies over time and across physiochemical and disturbance gradients in a turbid lowland river, we tagged between 68 and 95 fish·year−1 with radio transmitters and up to 424 fish·year−1 with external and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. We surveyed the site noninvasively using radiotelemetry to determine which of the radio-tagged fish were present (effectively closing the radio-tagged population to emigration) and then electrofished to estimate the proportion of available fish that were captured based on both this and standard mark–recapture methods. We replicated the electrofishing surveys three times over a minimum of 12 days each year, for 7 years. Electrofishing capture probability varied between 0.020 and 0.310 over the 7 years and between four different large-bodied species (Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), trout cod (Maccullochella macquariensis), golden perch (Macquaria ambigua ambigua), and silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)). River turbidity associated with increased river discharge negatively influenced capture probability. Increasing fish length increased detection of fish up to 500 mm for Murray cod, after which capture probability decreased. Variation in capture probability in large lowland rivers results in additional uncertainty when estimating population size or relative abundance. Research and monitoring programs using fish as an indicator should incorporate strategies to lessen potential error that might result from changes in capture probabilities.

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Whiterod, Nick S. "The swimming capacity of juvenile Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii): an ambush predator endemic to the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia." Ecology of Freshwater Fish 22, no. 1 (September 25, 2012): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eff.12009.

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31

Growns, Ivor, Darren Ryder, and Lindsey Frost. "The basal food sources for Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) in wetland mesocosms." Journal of Freshwater Ecology 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2020.1779140.

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32

Svozil, D. P., R. K. Kopf, R. J. Watts, and A. O. Nicholls. "Temperature-dependent larval survival and growth differences among populations of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii)." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 4 (2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18178.

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Different populations of organisms can vary widely in their responses to environmental conditions and this variation is fundamental to the persistence of species. Using a common garden experiment, we examined temperature-specific growth and survival responses of larvae among populations of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) from four regions of the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), Australia. Fish larvae from the four regions differed significantly in their growth and survival responses at high water temperatures ≥26°C. At 30°C, survival rates of larvae by Day 20 ranged from 0% in the Lachlan region to 82% in the southern region. Opposite to the geographical differences in survival, growth of larvae was highest in the Lachlan (14.8–15.4-mm standard length 95% CI) and lowest in the southern region (13.4–13.9-mm standard length 95% CI) at 26°C where sufficient numbers survived for comparison. Geographical differences in growth and survival responses did not follow a consistent latitudinal gradient as observed for other species, but were closely linked with previously described genetic structure. Our results suggest that the upper thermal limit of M. peelii larvae is near common river temperatures in the MDB and that maintaining functional response diversity and underlying genetic diversity will be important for ensuring the resilience of this apex predator under future climate change.

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Ingram, Brett A., and Sena S. De Silva. "Diet composition and preference of juvenile Murray cod, trout cod and Macquarie perch (Percichthyidae) reared in fertilised earthen ponds." Aquaculture 271, no. 1-4 (October 2007): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.06.012.

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34

Mayne, Benjamin, Thomas Espinoza, David Roberts, Gavin L. Butler, Steven Brooks, Darren Korbie, and Simon Jarman. "Nonlethal age estimation of three threatened fish species using DNA methylation: Australian lungfish, Murray cod and Mary River cod." Molecular Ecology Resources 21, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 2324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13440.

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35

Liu, Yang, Qiuhua Rao, Jiefeng Tu, Jiaonan Zhang, Minmin Huang, Bing Hu, Qiu Lin, and Tuyan Luo. "Acinetobacter piscicola sp. nov., isolated from diseased farmed Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 68, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.002608.

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36

Rourke, M. L., H. C. McPartlan, B. A. Ingram, and A. C. Taylor. "Variable stocking effect and endemic population genetic structure in Murray cod Maccullochella peelii." Journal of Fish Biology 79, no. 1 (June 16, 2011): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03006.x.

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37

Austin, Christopher M., Mun Hua Tan, Yin Peng Lee, Laurence J. Croft, and Han Ming Gan. "The complete mitogenome of the Murray Cod,Maccullochella peelii(Mitchell, 1838) (Teleostei: Percichthyidae)." Mitochondrial DNA 27, no. 1 (April 29, 2014): 729–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.913162.

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38

Koehn, J. D., J. A. McKenzie, D. J. O’Mahony, S. J. Nicol, J. P. O’Connor, and W. G. O’Connor. "Movements of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) in a large Australian lowland river." Ecology of Freshwater Fish 18, no. 4 (September 17, 2009): 594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2009.00375.x.

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39

Baily, J. E., M. J. Bretherton, F. M. Gavine, H. W. Ferguson, and J. F. Turnbull. "The pathology of chronic erosive dermatopathy in Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell)." Journal of Fish Diseases 28, no. 1 (January 2005): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00586.x.

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40

Allen, M. S., P. Brown, J. Douglas, W. Fulton, and M. Catalano. "An assessment of recreational fishery harvest policies for Murray cod in southeast Australia." Fisheries Research 95, no. 2-3 (January 2009): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.09.028.

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41

Liu, Meijian, Sheng Yuan, Ziming Zhao, Ming Liu, Apeng Lin, and Qingli Gong. "Non-programmable cryopreservation of sperm from industrial-farmed Murray cod (Maccullochella p peelii)." Aquaculture 541 (August 2021): 736811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736811.

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42

Rourke, Meaghan L., Helen C. McPartlan, Brett A. Ingram, and Andrea C. Taylor. "Biogeography and life history ameliorate the potentially negative genetic effects of stocking on Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii)." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 8 (2010): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10037.

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Stocking wild fish populations with hatchery-bred fish has numerous genetic implications for fish species worldwide. In the present study, 16 microsatellite loci were used to determine the genetic effects of nearly three decades of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) stocking in five river catchments in southern Australia. Genetic parameters taken from scale samples collected from 1949 to 1954 before the commencement of stocking were compared with samples collected 16 to 28 years after stocking commenced, and with samples from a local hatchery that supplements these catchments. Given that the five catchments are highly connected and adult Murray cod undertake moderate migrations, we predicted that there would be minimal population structuring of historical samples, whereas contemporary samples may have diverged slightly and lost genetic diversity as a result of stocking. A Bayesian Structure analysis indicated genetic homogeneity among the catchments both pre- and post-stocking, indicating that stocking has not measurably impacted genetic structure, although allele frequencies in one catchment changed slightly over this period. Current genetic diversity was moderately high (HE = 0.693) and had not changed over the period of stocking. Broodfish had a similar level of genetic diversity to the wild populations, and effective population size had not changed substantially between the two time periods. Our results may bode well for stocking programs of species that are undertaken without knowledge of natural genetic structure, when river connectivity is high, fish are moderately migratory and broodfish are sourced locally.

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Turchini, Giovanni M., Gerry P. Quinn, Paul L. Jones, Giorgio Palmeri, and Geoff Gooley. "Traceability and Discrimination among Differently Farmed Fish: A Case Study on Australian Murray Cod." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57, no. 1 (January 14, 2009): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf801962h.

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Abery, Nigel W., and Sena S. De Silva. "Performance of murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell) in response to different feeding schedules." Aquaculture Research 36, no. 5 (March 2005): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01230.x.

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Schultz, A. G., P. L. Jones, and T. Toop. "Rodlet cells in Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell), affected with chronic ulcerative dermatopathy." Journal of Fish Diseases 37, no. 3 (March 18, 2013): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12099.

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HALL, K. C., M. K. BROADHURST, and P. A. BUTCHER. "Post-release mortality of angled golden perch Macquaria ambigua and Murray cod Maccullochella peelii." Fisheries Management and Ecology 19, no. 1 (October 20, 2011): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.2011.00809.x.

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47

Rowland, Stuart J. "Hormone-induced spawning of the Australian freshwater fish Murray cod, Maccullochella peeli (Mitchell) (Percichthyidae)." Aquaculture 70, no. 4 (June 1988): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(88)90121-4.

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Schultz, Aaron G., Jillian M. Healy, Paul L. Jones, and Tes Toop. "Osmoregulatory balance in Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii peelii (Mitchell), affected with chronic ulcerative dermatopathy." Aquaculture 280, no. 1-4 (August 2008): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.011.

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Shigdar, Sarah, Andrew Harford, and Alister C. Ward. "Cytochemical characterisation of the leucocytes and thrombocytes from Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii, Mitchell)." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 26, no. 5 (May 2009): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.010.

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Thiem, Jason D., Ian J. Wooden, Lee J. Baumgartner, Gavin L. Butler, Jamin Forbes, Matthew D. Taylor, and Robyn J. Watts. "Abiotic drivers of activity in a large, free-ranging, freshwater teleost, Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii)." PLOS ONE 13, no. 6 (June 8, 2018): e0198972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198972.

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