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Journal articles on the topic 'MUONIUM'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Stadlbauer, John M., Krishnan Venkateswaran, Hugh A. Gillis, Gerald B. Porter, and David C. Walker. "Micelle-induced change of mechanism in the reaction of muonium with acetone." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 1945–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-221.

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Muonium atoms add to the O atom of the carbonyl group of acetone to give the muonated free radical (CH3)2Ċ-O-Mu when the reaction takes place in water or hydrocarbons, but not when the acetone is localized in micelles. Micelles have no effect on the formation of muonated cyclohexadienyl radicals when muonium reacts with benzene under similar conditions. The addition reaction with acetone appears to have been subsumed by a faster alternative reaction in the micellar environment. Evidence is presented for this interpretation rather than for an inhibition of the radical or for a shift in the muon level-crossing resonance spectrum with hydrogen (muonium) bonding, though major shifts are seen for the spectrum of this radical in pure solvents of widely different dielectric constant. It is suggested that muonium's "abstraction" reaction takes over in micelles because significant micelle-induced enhancement effects were previously observed in that type of reaction. The data are consistent with a rate constant for the abstraction reaction of muonium with acetone in micelles of >6 × 108 M−1 s−1. Key words: muonium, kinetic isotope effects, micelle enhancement, H/Mu-addition, H/Mu abstraction.

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2

Lamm, Henry, and Yao Ji. "Predicting and Discovering True Muonium (μ+μ−)." EPJ Web of Conferences 181 (2018): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818101016.

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The recent observation of discrepancies in the muonic sector motivates searches for the yet undiscovered atom true muonium (μ+μ−). To leverage potential experimental signals, precise theoretical calculations are required. I will present the on-going work to compute higher-order corrections to the hyperfine splitting and the Lamb shift. Further, possible detection in rare meson decay experiments like REDTOP and using true muonium production to constrain mesonic form factors will be discussed.

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3

Koppenol, W. H. "Names for muonium and hydrogen atoms and their ions(IUPAC Recommendations 2001)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173020377.

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Muons are short-lived species with an elementary positive or negative charge and a mass 207 times that of the electron. These recommendations concern positive muons, given the short lifetime of negative muons. A positive muon mimics a light hydrogen nucleus, and names are given in analogy to existing names for hydrogen-containing compounds. A particle consisting of a positive muon and an electron (µ+ e -) is named "muonium" and has the symbol Mu. Examples: "muonium chloride," MuCl, is the equivalent of deuterium chloride, 2 HCl or DCl; "muoniomethane", CH 3 Mu, is the product of the muoniation of methane;and NaMu is "sodium muonide."

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4

Putlitz, G. zu. "Muonium." Hyperfine Interactions 103, no. 1 (December 1996): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02317351.

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5

Hughes, Vernon W. "Muonium." Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 56, S1 (March 1992): S35—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02426773.

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6

Boikova, Natalya Adamovna, Olga Alexeevna Boikova, and Yuri’ Nikolatvitch Tyuhtyaev. "Electromagnetic Interaction for Muonium and Muonic Hydrogen." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Physics 11, no. 1 (2011): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-3020-2011-11-1-52-58.

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7

Kulhar, V. S. "Muonium/muonic hydrogen formation in atomic hydrogen." Pramana 63, no. 3 (September 2004): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02704482.

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8

Walker, David C. "Isotope effects in solution: contrasts between muonium and hydrogen in reactions with acetone." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 1719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-267.

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Munonium atoms are hydrogen isotopes with positive muons rather than protons, deuterons, or tritons as nuclei. Thus, they have one ninth the mass of 1H, and microsecond lifetimes. By using nuclear physics counting techniques, muonium can be studied in a wide variety of media and its chemical and physical properties used to appraise hydrogen. Results are described for the interaction of muonium with acetone, showing two types of kinetic isotope effects, formation of free radicals, evidence for intermolecular "muonium bonding", and micelle-induced enhancements of reaction rate constants. Keywords: isotope effects, muonium atoms, muonium bonding, thiyl radicals, micelles.

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9

Walker, David C., Stefan Karolczak, Hugh A. Gillis, and Gerald B. Porter. "Hot model of muonium formation in liquids." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-011.

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The mechanism of formation of muonium atoms from positive muons was studied here through measurements of the yield of diamagnetic muon states in dipolar aprotic solvents and for scavenger solutions in hexane and methanol. The results are compared with published data on common solvents covering a full range of the physicochemical properties of liquids that affect an ionic formation mechanism, namely their static dielectric constants, electron mobilities, and radiolysis yields of electrons. It is concluded that muonium is not formed by a thermal charge-neutralization reaction in these chemically-active media, though that mechanism does contribute to muonium formation in inert media like liquefied noble gases. It is clear that muonium materializes on a much shorter timescale than the recently proposed "delayed" mechanism (microseconds) and the earlier "spur" model (nanoseconds). In contrast, the data referring to all these liquids are consistent with the intra-track "hot" model. This is the only Mu-formation model proposed so far in which the immediate precursors of Mu (Mu(hot)) are neither scavengable nor ionic.Key words: muonium atoms, formation mechanism, hot model, spur model, delayed-muonium-formation model, diamagnetic yields.

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10

Karolczak, Stefan, Hugh A. Gillis, Gerald B. Porter, and David C. Walker. "Solvent-dependent rate constants of muonium atom reactions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-009.

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The rates of reaction of muonium atoms with solutes, ionic and organic, were studied in solvents of wildly differing polarities (water, methanol, and hexane) and their rate constants were compared, where possible. In these reactions which are those of a highly reactive atom, an isotope of hydrogen it transpires that the reaction rates are higher in solvents in which the solute is more soluble and muonium diffuses faster. This study leads to various kinetic-solvent-effect ratios and to the observation of the reaction of muonium with free radicals being among the fastest reactions recorded so far between two neutral species in solution.Key words: muonium atoms, kinetic isotope effects, solvent-dependent rates, non-aqueous solvents, muon spin rotation technique.

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11

Gorelkin, V. N., V. R. Soloviev, A. M. Konchakov, and A. S. Baturin. "Muonium and muonium-like systems formation in spur model." Physica B: Condensed Matter 289-290 (August 2000): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(00)00423-3.

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12

Ansaldo, E. J., J. Boyle, Ch Niedermayer, G. D. Morris, J. H. Brewer, C. E. Stronach, and R. S. Cary. "Formation of muonium and a muonic radical in fullerene." Zeitschrift f�r Physik B Condensed Matter 86, no. 3 (October 1992): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01323722.

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13

Baryshevskii, V. G., S. A. Kuten, and V. I. Rapoport. "Quadrupole Interactions of Muonium in Crystals." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1986): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-1-206.

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The properties of muonium having an electric quadrupole moment in crystals are briefly reviewed. A detailed analysis of the experimental situation in α-quartz is given, since the α-SiO2 lattice is a place of localization of not only muonium, but also of hydrogen and deuterium atoms. The temperature and isotopic dependences of the experimentally determined parameters of the quadrupole interaction of hydrogen, deuterium and muonium, as well as the nature of their trapping sites in the α-quartz lattice are discussed. It is shown that the change of the quadrupole interaction strength and symmetry with temperature is caused by the diffusion of muonium. It is mentioned that a significant role in explaining the isotopic dependence is played by the zeropoint vibrations of the hydrogen-like atom localized in the lattice.

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14

Zaharim, Wan Nurfadhilah, Shukri Sulaiman, Saidah Sakinah Mohd Tajudin, Siti Nuramira Abu Bakar, Nur Eliana Ismail, Harison Rozak, and Isao Watanabe. "Basis Set Effects in Density Functional Theory Calculation of Muoniated Cytosine Nucleobase." Key Engineering Materials 860 (August 2020): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.860.282.

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The Density Functional Theory method was employed to investigate the electronic structure and muonium hyperfine interaction of muonium trapped near carbon atom labelled as '5' in cytosine nucleobase. Eighteen different basis sets in combination with B3LYP functional were examined in geometry optimization calculations on the muoniated radical. There are significant quantitative differences in the calculated total energy. The employment of basis set that does not include polarization function produces an optimized structure with high total energy. The 6-311++G(d,p) basis set yielded the lowest total energy as compared to other basis sets. The bond order of muonium trapped at C5 atom is in the range of 0.841 to 0.862. The 6-31G basis set produced the muonium Fermi contact coupling constant that is the closest to the experimental value.

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15

Jungmann, Klaus P. "Precision Muonium Spectroscopy." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 85, no. 9 (September 15, 2016): 091004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpsj.85.091004.

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16

Venkateswaran, Krishnan, Mary V. Barnabas, John M. Stadlbauer, and David C. Walker. "Muonium and micelles." Hyperfine Interactions 65, no. 1-4 (February 1991): 959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02397749.

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17

Baryshevsky, V. G., S. A. Kuten, and V. I. Rapoport. "Muonium acoustic resonance." Hyperfine Interactions 65, no. 1-4 (February 1991): 1101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02397767.

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18

Cox, S. F. J., J. S. Lord, A. D. Hillier, S. P. Cottrell, Ph Wagner, and C. P. Ewels. "Muonium in boron." Physica B: Condensed Matter 404, no. 5-7 (April 2009): 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2008.11.156.

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19

ANSALDO, E. J., C. NIEDERMAYER, and C. E. STRONACH. "Muonium in fullerite." Nature 353, no. 6340 (September 1991): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353121a0.

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20

Brocklehurst, Brian, and David B. Cook. "The muonium bond." Chemical Physics Letters 142, no. 5 (December 1987): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(87)85116-3.

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21

TORII, H. A., K. S. TANAKA, M. TAJIMA, T. MIZUTANI, Y. MATSUDA, Y. FUKAO, H. IINUMA, et al. "STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF THE MUONIUM EXPERIMENT AT J-PARC." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 35 (January 2014): 1460435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514604359.

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A microwave spectroscopy experiment of muonium atoms are being prepared at J-PARC in Japan, aiming at an improved relative precision at a level of 10-8 in determination of the muonic magnetic moment. A major improvement of statistical uncertainty is due to higher muon intensity of the pulsed beam at J-PARC, while further improvements are expected for systematic uncertainties. Reduction of sources of systematic uncertainties are being studied: those arising from microwave power fluctuations, magnetic field inhomogeneity, muon stopping distribution and gas-density shift of resonance frequencies. Status and prospects of studies and developments of the experiment is presented in this paper.

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22

Phillips, Thomas J. "The Muonium Antimatter Gravity Experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 181 (2018): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818101017.

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A direct measurement of the gravitational acceleration of antimatter has the potential to show that we live in a “Dirac-Milne” Universe, which could explain cosmological observations without the need for dark matter, dark energy, inflation, or missing antimatter. Such a measurement would also be sensitive to the possible existence of a fifth force. Cooling antimatter to temperatures where gravitational energies are comparable to thermal energies is challenging for most forms of antimatter, which annihilate upon contact with matter. The exception is the antimuon (μ+), which is easily cooled by stopping in cold matter, but the short muon lifetime poses challenges. Positive muons that stop in material will combine with free electrons to form muonium, a neutral leptonic atom with most of its mass derived from the 2nd-generation antimuon. We are developing the Muonium Antimatter Gravity Experiment (MAGE) to measure the gravitational force on muonium using a novel, monoenergetic, low-velocity, horizontal muonium beam directed at an ultra-precise atom interferometer. If successful, MAGE will measure for the first time the gravitational coupling to a 2nd-generation particle in a system whose antimatter-dominated mass is not predominantly strong-interaction binding energy. The novel MAGE beam production approach could also have important applications to other muonium experiments as well as to the measurement ofg– 2.

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23

Strasser, P., M. Abe, M. Aoki, S. Choi, Y. Fukao, Y. Higashi, T. Higuchi, et al. "New precise measurements of muonium hyperfine structure at J-PARC MUSE." EPJ Web of Conferences 198 (2019): 00003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201919800003.

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High precision measurements of the ground state hyperfine structure (HFS) of muonium is a stringent tool for testing bound-state quantum electrodynamics (QED) theory, determining fundamental constants of the muon magnetic moment and mass, and searches for new physics. Muonium is the most suitable system to test QED because both theoretical and experimental values can be precisely determined. Previous measurements were performed decades ago at LAMPF with uncertainties mostly dominated by statistical errors. At the J-PARC Muon Science Facility (MUSE), the MuSEUM collaboration is planning complementary measurements of muonium HFS both at zero and high magnetic field. The new high-intensity muon beam that will soon be available at H-Line will provide an opportunity to improve the precision of these measurements by one order of magnitude. An overview of the different aspects of these new muonium HFS measurements, the current status of the preparation for high-field measurements, and the latest results at zero field are presented.

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24

Pant, A. D. "Muonium and Water in Histidine Amino Acid." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 7, no. 2 (August 6, 2021): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v7i2.38624.

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In order to apply muon spin rotation and relaxation method for study of life sciences like electron transfer process, detection of molecular concentration, photosynthesis process, etc., theoretical study to understand the stopping sites of muon and its charge species in the macromolecules is necessary. In the systematic theoretical study to know the behaviour of muon and muonium in water hydrated biological macromolecules like protein and DNA through the first-principles approach, the behaviour of a water molecule in the presence of muonium in histidine amino acid with extended main chain is presented here. The sites of a water molecule and a muonium in histidine amino acid are estimated. Two possible sites with potential energy 0.3 eV (approximately) for water molecule in the optimized structure of muonium in extended main chain histidine were estimated. Water in the sites is expected to contribute to enhance the intra- and inter-chain electron transfer in the system as reported experimentally.

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25

Eidelman, S. I., S. G. Karshenboim, and V. A. Shelyuto. "Hadronic effects in leptonic systems: muonium hyperfine structure and anomalous magnetic moment of muon." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 1297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p02-103.

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The contributions of hadronic effects to muonium physics and the anomalous magnetic moment of muon are considered. Special attention is paid to higher order effects and the uncertainty related to the hadronic contribution to the hyperfine-structure interval in the ground state of muonium. PACS Nos.: 12.20-m, 36.10Dr, 31.30Jv, 13.65+i

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26

Jeong, Junho, Tina M. Briere, N. Sahoo, T. P. Das, S. Ohira, K. Nishiyama, and K. Nagamine. "Theory of Nuclear Quadrupole Interactions of 14N, 17O, and 35Cl Nuclei in p-Cl-Ph-CH-N=TEMPO." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 57, no. 6-7 (July 1, 2002): 527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2002-6-744.

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The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters have been studied for the 35Cl, 17O, and 14N nuclei in the molecular ferromagnet 4-(p-chlorobenzylideneamino)-TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl- piperidin-1-yloxyl) using elctronic stuctures obtained by the Hartree-Fock procedure for the bare system and systems with trapped muon and muonium. Trends in the sizes of the coupling constants and asymmetry parameters for the various nuclei have been studied, and possible physical explanations have been proposed. For the systems with trapped muon or muonium, very substantial influences of the muon and muonium on the coupling constants and asymmetry parameters for the nuclei close to the trapping sites have been observed. The coupling constants and asymmetry parameters are found to be very different for the various nuclei, for the two cases where muon is trapped near chlorine and muonium near oxygen, indicating that, if experimental data were available to compare with theory, one could make conclusions about which of these two centers is responsible for the observed muon spin rotation frequency associated with the muon magnetic hyperfine interactions in these two trapped systems

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27

Kadono, R., A. Matsushita, and K. Nagamine. "Muonium fluorescence: Anomalous muonium center and relaxed excited state in KBr." Physical Review Letters 67, no. 26 (December 23, 1991): 3689–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.67.3689.

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28

Venkateswaran, Krishnan, Mary V. Barnabas, John M. Stadlbauer, and David C. Walker. "Nonhomogeneous processes as seen by muonium reactions in micelles." Canadian Journal of Physics 68, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 952–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-135.

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The addition of micelles to solutions of solutes in water with which muonium reacts cause a wide variety of effects. Micelle-induced enhancement ratios have been found to vary from less than 1 to greater than 104, depending on the properties of the solute and the type of chemical reaction involved. A kinetic analysis is presented here that seems appropriate for most of the mixtures studied so far. These are nonhomogeneous systems, with separate phases involved, but the effects do not arise simply from confined diffusion because the mean residence time of muonium is only 2 ns. The possibility that the largest enhancements arise from quantum mechanical tunneling, and therefore peculiar to muonium, cannot be ruled out.

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29

Kirch, Klaus, and Kim Siang Khaw. "Testing antimatter gravity with muonium." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 30 (January 2014): 1460258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514602580.

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The debate about how antimatter or different antimatter systems behave gravitationally will be ultimately decided by experiments measuring directly the acceleration of various antimatter probes in the gravitational field of the Earth or perhaps redshift effects in antimatter atoms caused by the annual variation of the Sun's gravitational potential at the location of the Earth. Muonium atoms may be used to probe the gravitational interaction of leptonic, second generation antimatter. We discuss the progress of our work towards enabling such experiments with muonium.

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30

Zhang, Tao, and Roman Koniuk. "Muonium hyperfine and fine splittings in a new bound-state formalism." Canadian Journal of Physics 70, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p92-109.

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We apply our new formalism to the hyperfine and fine splittings in muonium (μ+, e−) and present our calculations to order α5, which include new results for both hyperfine and fine splittings in muonium for arbitrary principal quantum number n. We show that it is quite simple and straight forward to obtain these results in our formalism. Our calculations are carried out in an explicitly covariant gauge.

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31

Azuma, T., I. D. Reid, and E. Roduner. "Muonium in silicon tetrachloride." Hyperfine Interactions 65, no. 1-4 (February 1991): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02397750.

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32

Patterson, Bruce D. "Muonium states in semiconductors." Reviews of Modern Physics 60, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 69–159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.60.69.

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33

Suffczyński, M., T. Kotowski, and L. Wolniewicz. "Size of Muonium Hydride." Acta Physica Polonica A 102, no. 3 (September 2002): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.102.351.

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34

Claxton, Tom A. "Aspects of muonium chemistry." Chemical Society Reviews 24, no. 6 (1995): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/cs9952400437.

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35

Chatterjee, L., A. Chakrabarty, G. Das, and S. Mondal. "Weak characteristics of muonium." Physical Review D 46, no. 11 (December 1, 1992): 5200–5203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.46.5200.

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36

Rhodes, Christopher J., Ivan D. Reid, and Emil Roduner. "Muonium adducts of diacetylenes." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 17 (1992): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39920001210.

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37

Rhodes, Christopher J., Emil Roduner, Ivan Reid, and Toshiyuki Azuma. "Muonium adducts of fulvenes." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 4 (1991): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39910000208.

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38

Rhodes, Christopher J., Martyn C. R. Symons, Christopher A. Scott, Emil Roduner, and Martin Heming. "Muonium-containing vinyl radicals." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 6 (1987): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39870000447.

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39

Krasnoperov, E., E. Meilikhov, R. Abela, D. Herlach, E. Morenzoni, F. N. Gygax, A. Schenck, and D. Eschenko. "Muonium in superfluid helium." Physical Review Letters 69, no. 10 (September 7, 1992): 1560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.69.1560.

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40

Gupta, Suraj N., Wayne W. Repko, and Casimir J. Suchyta. "Muonium and positronium potentials." Physical Review D 40, no. 12 (December 15, 1989): 4100–4104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.40.4100.

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41

Gil, J. M., H. V. Alberto, R. C. Vilão, J. Piroto Duarte, N. Ayres de Campos, A. Weidinger, E. A. Davis, and S. F. J. Cox. "Muonium states in HgO." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 13, no. 27 (June 25, 2001): L613—L618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/13/27/101.

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42

Leung, Siu-Leung, Jean-Claude Brodovitch, Kenneth E. Newman, and Paul W. Percival. "Muonium diffusion in ice." Chemical Physics 114, no. 3 (June 1987): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(87)85053-x.

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43

Louwrier, P. W. F., G. A. Brinkman, C. N. M. Bakker, and E. Roduner. "Muonium substituted hydrazyl radicals." Hyperfine Interactions 32, no. 1-4 (December 1986): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02394981.

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44

Harshman, Dale R. "Muon/muonium surface interactions." Hyperfine Interactions 32, no. 1-4 (December 1986): 847–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02394994.

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45

Mamedov, T. N., A. S. Baturin, V. D. Blank, K. I. Gritsaj, M. S. Kuznetsov, S. A. Nosukhin, V. G. Ralchenko, R. Scheuermann, A. V. Stoykov, and S. A. Terentiev. "Muonium in synthetic diamond." Diamond and Related Materials 31 (January 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2012.11.004.

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46

Stadlbauer, John M., Krishnan Venkateswaran, and David C. Walker. "Kinetic isotope effects from reactions of muonium atoms in water with various ketones, and acetaldehyde: contrasts with hydrogen atoms." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-011.

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This paper presents data showing that in dilute aqueous solutions of butanone, 3-pentanone, cyclohexanone, di-tert-butyl ketone, and acetaldehyde the addition reaction of muonium atoms occurs with a rate constant close to 1 × 108 M−1 s−1. The same value was obtained previously for acetone. Thus the reaction rate is virtually independent of the group attached to the C=O, be it a methyl, methylene, tert-butyl, or even a hydrogen atom. This is in sharp contrast to the reactivity of ordinary 1H atoms, whose rate constants are much slower and dependent on adjacent groups. In fact muonium and 1H react by different mechanisms, to form different products, so their rate ratio represents a complex kinetic isotope effect. Keywords: kinetic isotope effects, muonium atoms, muon spin rotation, ketones, hydrogen atom reactions.

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47

Venkateswaran, Krishnan, Mary V. Barnabas, Bill W. Ng, and David C. Walker. "Residence-time of muonium at micelles: Effect of added micelles on the reactivity of muonium towards ionic solutes in water." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-319.

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The effective rate constant for the reaction of muonium with NO3−, S2O32−, and Tl+ ions in water is altered by the addition of micelles. There is a decrease when the charge on the micelle is the same as that of the solute and an increase when their charges are opposite. From the magnitude of the effect a mean residence-time for muonium of 2 ns has been deduced for dodecyl sulphate micelles. This suggests there is barely any preferred localization, because 2 ns is smaller, even, than the expected diffusion time if the micelle core is as viscous as reported. This use of muonium atoms to probe the dynamics of micelles seems to support the view that there are regions of low microviscosity and considerable water penetration within the micellar structure.

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48

Torii, H. A., Y. Higashi, T. Higuchi, Y. Matsuda, T. Mizutani, M. Tajima, K. S. Tanaka, et al. "High-Precision Microwave Spectroscopy of Muonium for Determination of Muonic Magnetic Moment." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (January 2016): 1660076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516600764.

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The muonium atom is a system suitable for precision measurements for determination of muon’s fundamental properties as well as for the test of quantum electrodynamics (QED). A microwave spectroscopy experiment of this exotic atom is being prepared at J-PARC, jointly operated by KEK and JAEA in Japan, aiming at an improved relative precision at a level of [Formula: see text] in determination of the muonic magnetic moment. A major improvement of statistical uncertainty is expected with the higher muon intensity of the pulsed beam at J-PARC, while reduction of various sources of systematic uncertainties are being studied: those arising from microwave power fluctuations, magnetic field inhomogeneity, muon stopping distribution and atomic collisional shift of resonance frequencies. Experimental strategy and methods are presented in this paper, with an emphasis on our recent development of apparatuses and evaluation of systematic uncertainties.

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49

Brodovitch, Jean-Claude, Brenda Addison-Jones, Khashayar Ghandi, Iain McKenzie, Paul W. Percival, and Joachim Schüth. "Free radicals formed by H(Mu) addition to fluoranthene." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-191.

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Muonium has been used as an H atom analogue to investigate the free radicals formed by H addition to the polyaromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene. There are nine unique carbons in the molecule, but only five radicals were detected. Muon and proton hyperfine constants were determined by transverse field µSR and µLCR, respectively, and compared with calculated values. All signals were assigned to radicals formed by Mu addition to C-H sites. There is no evidence for addition to the tertiary carbons at ring junctions.Key words: muonium, fluoranthene, free radical, hyperfine constants.

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50

Percival, Paul W., Brenda Addison-Jones, Jean-Claude Brodovitch, Khashayar Ghandi, and Joachim Schüth. "Article." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-031.

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Muonium addition to pyrene has been investigated by means of transverse field muon spin rotation and muon level-crossing spectroscopy. Two hydropyrenyl radicals are produced and easily detected while a third is formed in low abundance. Muon and proton hyperfine constants were experimentally determined and compared with semiempirical and ab initio calculations. It is concluded that the radicals are of cyclohexadienyl type, i.e., the Mu adds only to carbon atoms that can assume a tetrahedral -CHMu- configuration without distorting the planar carbon skeleton of pyrene.Key words: muonium, pyrene, radical, hyperfine.

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