Relevant bibliographies by topics / Municipal Surveys

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Municipal Surveys'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Municipal Surveys"

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Bosch, Júlia, Laureà Fanega, Jaume García, Núria Hernández, Xavier Moya, and Carles Murillo. "Surveys assessing sports services and municipal governance." European Journal of Government and Economics 9, no. 2 (July 24, 2020): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2020.9.2.5949.

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This study aims to investigate the social importance of sport in L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. As an instrument for social cohesion and integration, sport has become a very important part of municipal activity. We use two surveys: the Baròmetre, which gathers opinion about municipal services; and satisfaction surveys completed by the users of sports facilities. The sports offer (6.5) receives a better rating than overall municipal management (5.9), and counts for 20.4% of the global assessment of the municipal management. Satisfaction with facilities is 7.3 out of 10, while price receives the lowest mark. Detailed analysis of satisfaction surveys conducted among the population can help the municipal management of sports facilities. Policies that focus only on prices are unlikely to be as effective at improving members’ perception of sports facilities as those that also take other aspects into account.
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Bruvold, W. H. "Public Evaluation of Municipal Water Reuse Alternatives." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 7-8 (October 1, 1992): 1537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0597.

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Models recommended for public involvement in environmental planning call for: 1) early and full involvement with technical planners from the start, 2) involvement at an intermediate phase once technical planners have developed a short list of the most feasible alternatives, and 3) later involvement only by ratification of the one alternative selected and developed by technical planners. The present study reports results assessing public involvement in planning at the intermediate phase using results from three general population surveys of the greater San Diego area done in 1989, 1990, and 1991 which dealt with municipal water reuse alternatives. Feasibility of the intermediate approach was demonstrated by correspondence between survey and technical planning evaluations and by consistency between and within survey findings.
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Wei, Wenchi, J. S. Butler, and Edward T. Jennings. "The Determinants of Municipal Structures on a Political-Administrative Dimension." American Review of Public Administration 49, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074018814876.

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Adjusting municipal structures and cross-adoption of structural characteristics between mayor-council and council-manager municipalities have been common in the United States in recent decades. This research investigates seven essential structural characteristics of U.S. municipalities and constructs a municipal structure political-administrative index. We attempt to examine the determinants of municipal structures on a political-administrative dimension. We incorporate political conflict theory and class cleavage theory into our theoretical model of the cost analysis of citizens to explain municipal structure choices. Data are collected from the Decennial Census, American Community Survey, and three rounds of national surveys of municipal structures by the International City/County Management Association in 2001, 2006, and 2011. The final data set contains 6,777 municipality-year observations, and the empirical results demonstrate that municipal structure choices are statistically significantly associated with citizens’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Citizens’ income levels play a crucial role in determining municipal structure changes during the sample period (2001-2011).
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Beamish, David, and Annina Mattsson. "Time-Lapse Airborne EM Surveys Across a Municipal Landfill." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 8, no. 3 (September 2003): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/jeeg8.3.157.

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Reeder, Eric, and Henry Gerhold. "Municipal Tree Programs in Pennsylvania." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1993.003.

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Municipal tree programs were assessed in Pennsylvania through mail surveys. Pennsylvania has approximately 378 tree programs of which 57% are implemented thrqugh shade tree commissions. Only 28% of Pennsylvania's citiqs and boroughs have tree programs. A high level of tree health exists in only 27% of the cities with programs. Only 28% of the programs have streettree inventories. Numbers of street trees are declining in 40% of the communities with programs.
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M. BANATE, RITCH, JOVEN ERIKA G. CALUBAD, RHONE CHERRIEMAI A. CATANGHAL, CRYSTAL MAE D. DELA CRUZ, JOHN MICHAEL B. DELA CRUZ, and MARIANNE SHIELA MAE R. MOJICA. "EMPLOYEE ACCEPTABILITY ON GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN TANZA MUNICIPAL OFFICE: BASIS FOR AN ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM." International Journal of Research in Education Humanities and Commerce 05, no. 01 (2024): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijrehc.2024.5109.

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The study focused on determining employee acceptability of gender and development practices in the Tanza Municipal Office. This also determined an enhancement program based on the results. It employed a descriptive research design using a survey questionnaire administered printed surveys and conducted face-to-face. For this study, the researcher used the purposive sampling technique to consider 100 permanent employees in the Tanza Municipal Office. Data were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS. Results show that the participants highly accepted the gender and development practices in terms of employee development. In terms of selection and recruitment, work arrangement, work assignment, compensation, employee benefits, and promotions, participants moderately accepted the gender and development practices in the Tanza Municipal office. The participants’ profiles did not significantly alter based on the results when it comes to employee acceptability on gender and development.
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Bačovský, Michal, Jiří Karásek, and Ladislav Kaločai. "Development of Municipal Energy Management as Trigger of Future Energy Savings." Buildings 14, no. 4 (March 26, 2024): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040899.

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Directive 2018/844/EU on energy efficiency claims that almost 80% of the final energy consumption in the EU is used within the buildings. The subsequent Directive (EU) 2023/1791 introduced in 2023 expected 68% of the world population to live in urban areas. Both directives enhanced the role of energy management (EM) applied to the city buildings. This paper introduces the development of energy management in Czech municipalities between the years 2009 and 2023. The main goal of this article is to present selected results of the unique national survey focused on the energy management in Czech municipalities conducted in 2023 and compare it with results of national surveys implemented in 2009 and 2018. The main method is the comparing of two surveys conducted among the municipal representatives or energy managers in the past with the new survey conducted in 2023. The results show that EM became a notably more important issue for most Czech municipalities. The number of cities collecting data on energy consumption grew by 288% and the number of city energy managers increased by 57%. On the other hand, the used potential of energy savings triggered by establishing EM was insufficient and only 4% of the respondents claimed high and exactly measured savings because of EM. This article should be applied to the stress power of municipal EM in performing energy efficiency and RES projects and encouraging the government to support municipal energy managers in their complex role.
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Bartoszczuk, Paweł, and Magdalena Marczyk. "Zagospodarowanie odpadów." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2011, no. 6 (June 28, 2011): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2011.06.4.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze changes in Polish recycling relating to the regional diversification. Analyzed data come from surveys of official statistics, especially from the publication ”Ochrona środowiska” (Environment). In 2009 the total produced waste quantity (excluding municipal waste) was lower than in 2002. Increasing municipal as well as selective collected waste has been observed since 2005. Quantities of the land-filled municipal waste decreased. But this continues to be a dominant way to neutralize waste.
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Waismel-Manor, I., and J. Sarid. "Can Overreporting in Surveys be Reduced? Evidence from Israel's Municipal Elections." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 23, no. 4 (August 10, 2011): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edr021.

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Bartak, Jakub, Dariusz Firszt, Marek Jabłoński, and Łukasz Jabłoński. "The Quality of Selected Municipal Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Opinion of Students of Cracow Universities." Ekonomia i Środowisko - Economics and Environment 78, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34659/2021/3/22.

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The paper aims to present the results of studies of students' opinions on the quality of municipal services available in Krakow and its changes during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis covered most basic municipal services, in particular water, heat, and public transport. Opinions on the public services were collected through surveys, that were carried out twice, in 2019 and 2021, on a representative group of students of several major Cracow universities. The analysis revealed that - despite the challenges associated with the Covid-19 pandemic - the general quality of the municipal services has not deteriorated.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Municipal Surveys"

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Kwok, Ying-pui. "Domestic municipal solid waste source separation in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301724.

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Szeto, Ping-hang. "Measurement in service quality of Hongkong Telecom in municipal halls." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574626.

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Burger, Jeanine. "Vegetation of Richards Bay municipal area, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with specific reference to wetlands." Diss., Pretoria ; [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08052009-163547.

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Szeto, Ping-hang, and 司徒秉衡. "Measurement in service quality of Hongkong Telecom in municipal halls." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574626.

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Billesberger, Valerie May. "Municipal records keeping in British Columbia : an exploratory survey." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28672.

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An exploratory investigation of records keeping practices among villages, towns, districts and cities in British Columbia was conducted to determine how municipalities are currently managing their records. Drawing from literature on records management theory and practice, a model of a records keeping system was developed based on the premise that records pass through a series or continuum of identifiable stages from the moment of their creation to their final disposition. A questionnaire constructed around key elements of the model was distributed by mail to a nonrandom sample of one hundred and forty-four municipalities. Data was acquired on the three general fields of activity considered integral to managing records, namely: records generation and receipt, records classification, and records maintenance. Among the key findings of the survey were a lack of standardized files classification systems, records retention schedules, and records procedures manuals which are identified in records management literature as the core elements of any records keeping system. Based on a response rate of 81% (116/144), it is concluded that among those villages, towns, districts and cities surveyed, most do not have adequate records keeping systems to effectively serve their information needs.
Arts, Faculty of
Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of
Graduate
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Isackson, Andréa, and Matilda Magnusson. "Oral Care Assistance at Private and Municipal Swedish Geriatric homes - A Questionnaire survey." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Tandläkarutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-97857.

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Oral health among elderly people is commonly debated, and correlations between oral and general health are shown. The increase of life expectancy in our population causes changes in the need of oral health care. The requirements of performing the oral hygiene increase and cause higher demands on the staff working at the geriatric homes. Both private and communal geriatric homes were included in this study. Two different questionnaires were distributed, one to nursing staff and one to staff managers. A geographical distribution to four big city’s; Umeå, Stockholm, Göteborg and Malmö were selected. The hypothesis is that the knowledge of the daily needs of oral care for elderly people among geriatric nursing staff and the manager, are insufficient and more education are needed. Results do not differ when comparing private and municipal management. Nursing assistants indicated that their basic education included none or minor theoretical knowledge (61 %) and practical training in oral care (67 %). Part of the staff (30%) felt that they needed more education to help the residents with the daily oral care. Half of the staff members answered that they had not received any in-service education in oral health. The results did not differ comparing private and municipal geriatric homes. Conclusions of this study are that it is common that caretakers in geriatric homes are in need of assistance when performing daily oral care. The staffs appear to be well aware of the fact that maintaining a good oral health is of big importance. More education about oral health are both wanted and needed.
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Jones, Deb. "Municipal government employee survey : preferences for and perceptions of employee health and assistance programs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28737.

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Promoting participation in EHAPs (employee health and assistance programs) by those employees most in need of health improvements is important to increasing the effectiveness of these programs. Programs which are designed to reduce perceived barriers to participation and to meet the specific needs and interests of these employees have resulted in higher participation. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the extent to which demographics and perceived health status were associated with employees preferences and perceptions of EHAPs. This was done through survey analysis of four hundred and one employees of a municipal government. It was found that there were no significant differences in employees' anticipated use of these programs based on any of the demographic or perceived health variables studied with the exception of the variable "current frequency of exercise". However, different interests in program components were apparent among the various sub-groups of employees. There were also reported differences among the sub-groups for preferred program times and facilities. There were significant differences among some of the sub-groups in reported barriers to the use of EAPs and in reported comfort in exercising with fellow workers. It was also found that current frequency of exercise was significantly related to perceived health status. From these observations, recommendations for promoting participation among these sub-groups have been made. This research has added to the understanding of the differences between the various sub-groups of employees in terms of their preferences for EHAP components and the barriers they perceive toward participating in these programs. A better understanding of these factors as they pertain to employees in other workplaces may aid in the development of programs which better meet the needs of these employees, and hence, may increase their participation in EHAPs.
Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Diniz, Lélia Negrini. "Música na educação infantil : um survey com professoras da rede municipal de ensino de Porto Alegre - RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6006.

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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a presença da música nas práticas pedagógicas das professoras de educação infantil. Os objetivos específicos buscaram mapear as atividades musicais desenvolvidas pelas professoras, identificar os recursos disponíveis nas escolas para a realização das atividades musicais e identificar as necessidades das professoras para desenvolver o ensino de música na educação infantil. As perspectivas que nortearam esta investigação foram a legislação brasileira sobre educação infantil, bem como estudos sobre a formação e atuação dos professores unidocentes. O método escolhido foi o survey de desenho interseccional, sendo que os dados foram coletados através de questionário. Participaram desta pesquisa 123 professoras das 33 escolas de educação infantil e 7 jardins de praça da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre - RS. Nos resultados descrevo a formação geral e musical das professoras, suas práticas pedagógico-musicais, as bases para o ensino de música, bem como, as necessidades das professoras para desenvolver o ensino de música na educação infantil. Na conclusão aponto as principais contribuições deste trabalho.
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Maine, Joshua, and Oskar Svensson. "Does an Ambidextrous Use of Sustainability Resources Lead to Sustainability Performance? : a Survey on Swedish Municipal Housing Organisations." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18286.

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An increasing pressure is found on public sector organisations both to be efficient and innovative. Recently ambidexterity has found its ground in the public sector showing significant impact on firm performance. Combined with the increasing pressure from society for conducting sustainable business, we aimed at investigating how structural ambidexterity in regard to sustainability relates to sustainability performance, and how this relationship is moderated by centralisation and connectedness. A quantitative method has been used where the Swedish municipal housing organisations were surveyed. 141 different municipal housing organisations participated in the survey. A content analysis was also done with the help of the TBL to measure the organisations sustainability performance. The results from the dissertation showed that ambidextrous sustainability leads to sustainability performance. No moderating effect from centralisation and connectedness was found on the relationship between ambidextrous sustainability and sustainability performance. This dissertation sets the ground for a new concept of ambidextrous sustainability. Furthermore, contributing to strategic public management as well as further expanding on the stakeholder approach and the moderating effect of stakeholders. The dissertation also contributes methodologically by measuring sustainability performance with the TBL through a content analysis as well as how to measure ambidextrous sustainability.
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Oliveira, Fernanda de Assis. "Materiais didáticos nas aulas de música : um survey com professores da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre - RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6010.

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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as concepções que fundamentam o uso de materiais didáticos pelos professores de música em suas práticas pedagógico-musicais. Mais especificamente buscou identificar o que os professores consideram materiais didáticos, mapear os tipos de materiais didáticos utilizados pelos professores de música, identificar os critérios que fundamentam a seleção dos materiais didáticos, mapear o acesso aos materiais didáticos, analisar a opinião dos professores sobre os materiais didáticos disponíveis e examinar a produção dos materiais didáticos pelos professores de música. Para compreender as concepções dos professores de música sobre os materiais didáticos, me apoiei nos conceitos utilizados pelo campo de pesquisa sobre o pensamento do professor. O método escolhido foi o survey de pequeno porte, com desenho interseccional. Fizeram parte da amostra vinte professores de música atuantes no ensino fundamental da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre-RS. A técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados revelaram as concepções dos professores sobre os materiais didáticos disponíveis, além de sugerirem as características necessárias aos materiais didáticos a serem utilizados na aula de música, no ensino fundamental.
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Books on the topic "Municipal Surveys"

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Brown, Mark Richard. Karachi municipal mapping: Issues, opportunities and constraints. [Karachi?]: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements, 1992.

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Brazil. Secretaria de Ensino Básico., ed. O Professor municipal em dados. Brasília: A Secretaria, 1988.

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Africa, Statistics South. Community survey, 2007: Municipal data on household services. [Pretoria]: Statistics South Africa, 2007.

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National Centre for Human Settlement and Environment (India), ed. Documentation on access to municipal services. New Delhi: National Centre for Human Settlement and Environment, 1987.

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Ontario. Ministry of Tourism and Recreation. Assessing impact: An economic impact model for municipal recreation. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Tourism & Recreation, 1988.

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Lanjouw, Jean Olson. Micro-level estimation of welfare. Washington, D.C: Poverty Team, Development Research Group, World Bank, 2002.

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Hentschel, Jesko. Household welfare measurement and the pricing of basic services. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1998.

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Hentschel, Jesko. Using rapid city surveys to inform municipal social policy: An application in Cali, Colombia. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2004.

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Mexico (Mexico : State). Instituto de Información e Investigación, Geográfica, Estadística y Catastral. Propuesta de organización y definición de funciones para una unidad administrativa del catastro municipal. Toluca, Méx: Gobierno del Estado de México, Secretaría de Finanzas y Planeación, Instituto de Información e Investigación Geográfica, Estadística y Catastral, 1998.

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Marcelina, Castillo Venerio, Universidad Centroamericana (Nicaragua). Centro de Análisis Socio-Cultural, and Fundación Dr. Guillermo Manuel Ungo, eds. La gestión de los gobiernos locales desde la perspectiva de los ciudadanos: Así piensan los residentes de El Rosario. Managua, [Nicaragua]: Centro de Análisis Socio-Cultural, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Municipal Surveys"

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Barau, Aliyu, and Aliyu Sani Wada. "Do-It-Yourself Flood Risk Adaptation Strategies in the Neighborhoods of Kano City, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_190-1.

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AbstractThe urban poor in developing countries is hit hardest by climate-related extreme events such as flooding. Also, informal settlements lacking municipal support and immediate public response to flooding incur losses and thus exacerbate their sufferings. Left out or left alone, the vulnerable people from some parts of the ancient city of Kano develop their own efforts to protect themselves against the recurrent flood events. Hence, this chapter examines the nature of community-driven do-it-yourself (DIY) adaptation The data was collected through field-based surveys, interviews, and questionnaires to enable in-depth analysis of the problem from socioecological point of view. The results identified flood drivers to include the nature of surface topography, torrential rainfalls, lapses, and inadequacies in the availability of drainage infrastructure and human behavioral lapses in drainage management. On the other hand, the DIY adaptation manifests in the use of sandbags, de-siltation of drainage, construction of fences, and drainage diversions. It is important to highlight that DIY adaptation is a good strategy; however, municipal authorities must come to the aid of such communities and revisit the absence of urban planning by supporting them through capacity building to find more effective solutions to the challenges of the changing climate and environment.
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Barau, Aliyu, and Aliyu Sani Wada. "Do-It-Yourself Flood Risk Adaptation Strategies in the Neighborhoods of Kano City, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1353–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_190.

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AbstractThe urban poor in developing countries is hit hardest by climate-related extreme events such as flooding. Also, informal settlements lacking municipal support and immediate public response to flooding incur losses and thus exacerbate their sufferings. Left out or left alone, the vulnerable people from some parts of the ancient city of Kano develop their own efforts to protect themselves against the recurrent flood events. Hence, this chapter examines the nature of community-driven do-it-yourself (DIY) adaptation The data was collected through field-based surveys, interviews, and questionnaires to enable in-depth analysis of the problem from socioecological point of view. The results identified flood drivers to include the nature of surface topography, torrential rainfalls, lapses, and inadequacies in the availability of drainage infrastructure and human behavioral lapses in drainage management. On the other hand, the DIY adaptation manifests in the use of sandbags, de-siltation of drainage, construction of fences, and drainage diversions. It is important to highlight that DIY adaptation is a good strategy; however, municipal authorities must come to the aid of such communities and revisit the absence of urban planning by supporting them through capacity building to find more effective solutions to the challenges of the changing climate and environment.
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Torjesen, Dag Olaf, Harald Torsteinsen, Hans Petter Saxi, Charlotte Kiland, and Tor-Ivar Karlsen. "The Contemporary Norwegian Municipal CEO." In Managing Nordic Local Governments, 161–87. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60069-2_7.

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AbstractThis chapter describes the evolution of the Norwegian municipal chief executive officer (MCEO) from 1980 to 1992 and 2018, when the position was weakened politically but strengthened administratively. Today, the Norwegian MCEO corresponds to Mouritzen and Svara’s council–manager model, making it one of the most powerful in the Nordic region, second only to the Finish MCEO. Despite multiple significant contextual changes in the last two to three decades, the essential role of the Norwegian MCEO has remained remarkably stable, demonstrated in survey data from 1997 to 2017. Nevertheless, the data also show that the biographical characteristics of the MCEO have undergone considerable change during this period, most notably the increase in the proportion of female MCEOs from 7% to 30%. Further, today’s MCEOs are older and more highly educated, especially in disciplines such as economics, administration, and public management, reflecting the strong emphasis on economic management and performance in Norwegian municipalities. Finally, MCEOs are met with increasing expectations to combine innovation and management, cooperate internally and externally, and govern municipal affairs through complex, hybrid networks.
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Liu, Yuhui, Xianzheng Fan, Jingxin Xu, Mingming Shuai, and Yi Qin. "Research on municipal engineering construction based on aerial survey data." In Advances in Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Volume 1, 333–38. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003349563-47.

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Tian, Yunchen. "Will Guestworkers Save Japan? Findings from a Nationwide Municipal Survey." In Sustainability, Diversity, and Equality: Key Challenges for Japan, 109–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36331-3_8.

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Hiremath, B. R., and Sudha Goel. "Survey of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Treatment Methods and Compost Samples." In Advances in Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, 267–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57076-1_13.

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Vestad, Arnstein, and Bian Yang. "Municipal Cybersecurity—A Neglected Research Area? A Survey of Current Research." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybersecurity, Situational Awareness and Social Media, 151–65. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6414-5_9.

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AbstractMunicipalities are tasked with ensuring the cybersecurity of critical public services and functions in diverse areas such as safe water supply, healthcare, child protective services, and education with vastly different security requirements—all usually served from a common infrastructure with limited technical and organizational cybersecurity capabilities. This literature review identifies recent research on municipal and local government cybersecurity to identify current research areas, state of the art, and research methods used in research so far. We found research in the areas of smart cities, elections, human factors, operational technology, and crisis management. We also give suggestions for further research to develop better models for cybersecurity in cross-disciplinary organizations.
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Cregård, Anna. "Twenty-Five Years of the Swedish Municipal CEO." In Managing Nordic Local Governments, 189–212. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60069-2_8.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the Swedish municipal CEO (MCEO). The development of the role over the last 25 years is analysed in terms of stability and change. The chapter discusses the changes that have taken place in terms of the demands and constraints of the role. These changes are further compared with changes in actual performance relating to the priorities of MCEOs. The results show that while contextual factors, background, and reasons for job termination have changed considerably, small or moderate changes can arguably be observed in the MCEOs’ role performance. The role of the MCEO is discussed as a stable and institutionalized role in an otherwise changing world. However, there are some minor long-term indications that the role may become either more of an extended arm of majority politicians or a professional, administrative head—or perhaps both. The findings are based on a large amount of survey data collected every five years for a quarter of a century.
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Sergey, Kosaretsky, and Likhatskikh Elena. "Supporting Elementary and Secondary Education During the Pandemic: A Case Study from the National Research University Higher School of Economics." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 243–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_16.

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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented a formidable challenge to the Russian school system. Such global challenges and crises highlight the significance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE)’s third mission: responsibility for the well-being of the community.As one of the first universities to offer support to elementary and secondary education systems in Russia during the pandemic, the HSE relied on its ability to create new scientific knowledge and make it useful in practice to provide versatile and targeted aid for students, teachers, regional administrators, and parents across the country. There were two main vectors of HSE activity at the time of the pandemic: (1) promoting the development of the Russian education system through research, monitoring, and coordination of scholars and analysts and (2) direct work with secondary and high school stakeholders using contemporary approaches for talent development and digital tools.The pandemic revealed the importance of developing new areas of research and analysis. In line with the first vector, the HSE focused on: Monitoring and studying the situation and collecting and promoting university and school case studies on organizing work during a pandemic Leading and participating in professional reflections and discussions regarding experiences and training practices in the context of a lockdown The institution organized an array of surveys with students, teachers, parents, and representatives from regional and municipal education organizations and analyzed the results as quickly as possible. The main areas of research were problems of educational inequality and digital transformation. Based on the collected data, the Institute of Education managed to publish more than 30 analytical works between April and June of 2020.For the second vector, the HSE developed programs that seek to expand its geographic reach, implement flexible recruitment, and digitize communication with school students. Such programs aimed at: Training personnel while consulting with administrators and educators on the technological and legal aspects of the work of schools. Providing online instruction and assistance for students learning software tools and preparing for exams. Helping parents arrange support for children in the transition to distance learning. For this period, the HSE quickly and effectively expanded cooperation with schools in Moscow and regions around Russia that the institution developed over the last 15 years. Key current projects working in this direction are: The HSE School District The Lyceum Distributed Schools The Higher Students Academy The Higher School for Parents
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Sergey, Kosaretsky, and Likhatskikh Elena. "Supporting Elementary and Secondary Education During the Pandemic: A Case Study from the National Research University Higher School of Economics." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 243–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_16.

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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented a formidable challenge to the Russian school system. Such global challenges and crises highlight the significance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE)’s third mission: responsibility for the well-being of the community.As one of the first universities to offer support to elementary and secondary education systems in Russia during the pandemic, the HSE relied on its ability to create new scientific knowledge and make it useful in practice to provide versatile and targeted aid for students, teachers, regional administrators, and parents across the country. There were two main vectors of HSE activity at the time of the pandemic: (1) promoting the development of the Russian education system through research, monitoring, and coordination of scholars and analysts and (2) direct work with secondary and high school stakeholders using contemporary approaches for talent development and digital tools.The pandemic revealed the importance of developing new areas of research and analysis. In line with the first vector, the HSE focused on: Monitoring and studying the situation and collecting and promoting university and school case studies on organizing work during a pandemic Leading and participating in professional reflections and discussions regarding experiences and training practices in the context of a lockdown The institution organized an array of surveys with students, teachers, parents, and representatives from regional and municipal education organizations and analyzed the results as quickly as possible. The main areas of research were problems of educational inequality and digital transformation. Based on the collected data, the Institute of Education managed to publish more than 30 analytical works between April and June of 2020.For the second vector, the HSE developed programs that seek to expand its geographic reach, implement flexible recruitment, and digitize communication with school students. Such programs aimed at: Training personnel while consulting with administrators and educators on the technological and legal aspects of the work of schools. Providing online instruction and assistance for students learning software tools and preparing for exams. Helping parents arrange support for children in the transition to distance learning. For this period, the HSE quickly and effectively expanded cooperation with schools in Moscow and regions around Russia that the institution developed over the last 15 years. Key current projects working in this direction are: The HSE School District The Lyceum Distributed Schools The Higher Students Academy The Higher School for Parents
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Conference papers on the topic "Municipal Surveys"

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Balia, R., M. Bianco, B. Littarru, and G. Ranieri. "Pre-Reclamation Geophysical Test Surveys on a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill." In Near Surface 2005 - 11th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.13.b045.

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Krogmann, Alfred, Lucia Petrikovičová, and Hilda Kramáreková. "Percepcia podujatí cestovného ruchu v meste Nitra ich návštevníkmi." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-29.

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Systematic analysis of the impact of tourism can help entrepreneurs in tourism and participants in local government. Research on the perception of the effects of tourism on the population is useful in introducing new forms of tourism and the creation of developmental programs. The aim of paper based on the survey questionnaires of the events "Opening of the tourist season in Nitra" in 2014 and "Opening Nitra´s cultural summer" in 2019 is to identify the perception of these very popular events by their visitors. Analysis of the results is a reference basis on which it will be possible to identify specifics and changes in tourism in Nitra in relation to the period marked by the pandemic COVID-19. In both years, information was obtained from 307 of respondents through a questionnaire survey. Subsequently, they were processed and visualized in Microsoft Excel. The results of both surveys pointed to the continuing interest in events in Nitra. In general it can be stated that most of the most attended events (except international theatre festival Divadelná Nitra) is gastro targeting a relatively smaller share of cultural content. The implementation of the questionnaire surveys are perceived as a very important source of feedback from visitors, resp. inhabitants also from the Municipal Office in Nitra point of view.
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Abele, Lilita, Baiba Rivza, Peteris Rivza, and Karlis Markus. "GREEN COMPETITIVENESS AND DIGITIZATION IN LATVIA MUNICIPALITIES." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/5.1/s20.18.

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In 2019, the Green Cities submitted the first proposal for the Green Norm. The Green Norm is a set of practical recommendations mainly for politicians, officials and urban development officials. Green cities introduce this norm as a critical strategy for competitiveness. More and more people are moving to big cities, so we must consider climate-neutral solutions as the municipalities set an example. The number of green and climate-neutral towns in Europe and Latvia has constantly been increasing over the last decade, and their competitiveness is also growing. Liepaja is one of the 112 Pioneer cities in the EU which has joined the challenge of climate-neutral cities. One way to be more climate-neutral is to reduce the consumption of pollution and resources in the municipality. Digitization of internal and external municipal services opens the way in this direction. In this study, the authors focus on digitizing the municipality's internal processes and employees' motivation to change their habits and assessing resourcesaving opportunities. The study aims to assess the readiness of municipal employees and detect weak points for the transition to complete internal process digitization to reduce the environmental impact and resource consumption. The study uses surveys and data statistical processing methods with SPSS. As a result of the study, proposals have been developed to improve employees' digital skills to increase municipal green competitiveness.
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Ernsteins, Raimonds, Ivars Kudrenickis, Janis Kaulins, and Anita Lontone-Ievina. "Pro-Environmental Municipal Governance Developments in Latvia: Sustainability and Integration Principles in the Practice." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.136.

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Studies being presented here have been done as initial part of wider research-and-developemnt (R&D) programme, aiming to investigate preconditions and all instruments set necessary for environmental governance adequate integration into legally required societal (sustainable) development governance/planning framework and municipal governance practice. This have been done studying governance by its triple complementary dimensions of governance content, governance process and governance stakeholders and approaching municipality as a complex and interactive socio-ecological system. Accordingly, pilot investigations have been done as various thematical case studies in preselected model municipalities – six studies/pilot studies, based on the integrated case study research methodology, including and complementary applying document studies, interviews, surveys, observations and focus groups. Existing development planning and other instruments combined with municipal planning capacities are neither sufficient nor effective, and, since step-wise developmental process for sustainability principle integration seems to be not perspective as quite similar also with integration principle as for complex planning process and also as for thematical meaning of integrations of environmental governance into develoment one. Since environmental sector planning documents are not mandatory anymore at local municipalities, environmental sector planning process and content in the development planning practice is often limited, but few ad hoc available and used formal environmental planning instruments are neither sufficient or used just temporaly. There is to be seen necessity to develop innovative methodologies and tools as done during this research-and-development project.
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Eger, Rudolf Wilhelm. "Bicycle parking for office buildings in Frankfurt Main/Germany." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1044.

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Until the end of 20th century new big office buildings in Germany – even in the central business district CBD – didn’t provide any or much too less facilities for bicycle parking. Since then the already existing state and municipal regulations have been enforced and new ones exist which define the mandatory number of bicycle parking lots for new office buildings. But now it can be seen that too many lots are required, the real demand is in many cases – and will be in the foreseeable future – much lower. With data from EU and German sources the situation in the Frankfurt am Main CBD is described: political goals for sustainable traffic by enforcing bicycle usage; municipal regulations for the number of bicycle parking facilities; comparison between (politically defined) requirements and the expected real demand. Today’s and future modal-split data for bike usage at office buildings from empirical traffic surveys and assumptions in Frankfurt are presented. Examples of bicycle parking facilities for already existing and planned office buildings in Frankfurt are provided, showing as result a compromise between city’s regulation and the expected demand for bicycle lots.
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Zhao, Qian. "Self-organization in planned Danwei and Dayuan: A case study of the transitional Houzaimen neighborhood of Nanjing in urban China." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6010.

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In the network of global economy, urban places as the spatial effect of globalization that results from the negotiation between international capitals and local powers play an important role in globalization discourse. The transformation of urban form also responses to the entrepreneurial turn in the municipal governance that affects city planning in particular. The role of municipal governments due to global economic competitions shifts from a passive regulation operator to an active agent to increase attractiveness for local investments and fiscal incomes. Danwei as ‘the space of the socialist work unit’ and its residential compound Dayuan referring ‘a large courtyard’ in Chinese term have shaped the urban landscape and everyday life since Maoist China. The unitary urban space that emerged under a command economy favoring the governmental intervention has varied over time. Many Dayuan neighborhoods have diminished in urban renewal movements. As the study object, Houzaimen neighborhood of Nanjing has the well-reserved Dayuan fabric built before 1990. Most researches emphasize the top-down planning process that results in social and physical space while this article underlines self-organized community. By methods of site surveys and space syntax for site analysis, the identifiable pattern of self-organization including the social buildup and the subculture of residents, residential ownerships and the allocation of commercial activities compared to public institutions and facilities on site reveals the place-shaping mechanism.
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Pelse, Modrite, Liga Svanberga, Arianna Todorova, Sabine Berzina, Beate Jurgensone, and Raivis Stepans. "Population Involvement in Dealing with Local Community Problems in the Rural Areas of Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.060.

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The public prefers to express their opinions on the development of the surrounding area, make assessments and comments, as well as participate in surveys. However, the involvement of the public itself in improving the immediate surroundings and in solving the problems of its fellows is not always sufficient. The research aims to determine whether there are differences in public involvement in addressing municipal problems across various population groups within a municipality. The paper presents the results of an extensive survey. The research considered problems within one municipality in Latvia – Jelgava municipality – and analysed the rural territories located in the immediate vicinity of the centre of the municipality as well as those being the furthest from the centre. The results of the research revealed that young people were most satisfied with their lives in their municipality if their places of residence were closer to the centre of the municipality. The ability to influence the decisions of one’s own local government was highly valued by residents in the age group from 26 to 44 years in the rural territories that were in the immediate vicinity of the centre the municipality, yet this possibility was most often rated as weak among the youth living in the most remote rural territories from the centre of the municipality. Population involvement in solving a problem relevant to the society was the most frequently used way when the population requested a municipal employee to solve this problem. A large segment of the society in rural areas admitted that they did nothing, and this passivity was also evident in the group of young people who lived further away from the centre of the municipality. The involvement of the population in national-level public activities across all age groups and territories was quite equal, as the active population were involved in Saeima elections, campaigns for collecting signatures and donating various thing
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Iborra Bernad, Federico. "El Alcázar musulmán de Valencia: una hipótesis funcional." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11336.

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The Muslim Alcazar of Valencia: a functional hypothesisBetween the 1980s and 1990s, the Almoina site in Valencia was excavated by the SIAM (Municipal Service of Archeological Research) and also, in the following decade, the subsoil of the Almudín and the San Luis Beltrán square. In these surveys, remains of the fortifications of the Alcazar were found, as well the royal cemetery and the palatine dwellings that were presumably inside the enclosure. However, the excavation has been partial and not allowed us to understand the functioning of the complex. The work presented here is our interpretation of the organization and evolution of the Alcazar from the Caliphate period to the Christian conquest. It is the mature fruit of a long personal reflection based on the analysis of the plans of the excavations, the confrontation with the original sources of the eleventh (Cidian chronicles) and thirteenth centuries (Llibre del Repartiment and episcopal acquisitions) and some medieval representations, as well as the comparison with other similar structures. The result must be taken with caution and is subject to all kinds of revisions, but we hope that it will help to understand better this fragment of the history of the city of Valencia.
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Herath, C. D., and R. Noordeen. "An Investigation of effective community driven material recovery facility (MRF) in urban waste management – a case study of MRF in Wattala." In Empower communities. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2023.3.

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Sri Lanka as a developing country, continues to use the take-make-dispose paradigm of the conventional linear economy. Scarcity of resources and municipal solid waste management problem that linear economies may pinpoint as the underlying cause. By using a Community-driven Material Recovery Facility (CdMRF) as a tool, the Sustainable Circular Economy, a novel developing idea pertinent to the Sri Lankan context, can be a better alternative in this research study's effort to address such difficulties. Waste can be converted into a resource should be a significant fact in this study. Wattala CdMRF is the selected case study. The mixed method used for this study and methodology used are onsite observations, 11 Key Informant Interviews (KII), 35 questionnaire surveys were conducted for the households, commercial enterprises and material collectors by using random sampling method. The key findings of this study demonstrate converting informal material collector occupation into a formalized profession, saving mechanism through resource banking establishment, formalized National Waste Management Committee and Journey of Transformation (JoT) through innovations. The sustainability of the CdMRF is largely dependent on social indicators, with community as the core element of running to achieve Sustainable Circular Economy while enhancing environmental positive externalities.
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Goettems, Renata Franceschet, and Ayrton Portilho Bueno. "Qualificação de espaços públicos urbanos em cidades litorâneas: estudo de Caso em Balneário Camboriú / SC." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6009.

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Este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa de tese que está se desenvolvendo no programa de pós-graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo PósARQ UFSC e tem por objetivo identificar os espaços públicos existentes na cidade de Balneário Camboriú, bem como identificar atributos que estes espaços tem ou não que garantam sua apropriação. Para isso, elencou-se a observação dos espaços e a entrevista com os usuários como forma de compreender sua ocupação/apropriação. O levantamento dos espaços de praças e parques foi realizado através de pesquisas junto a órgãos de planejamento municipal. Esse levantamento permitiu perceber que alguns dos espaços elencados como praças pela secretaria são apenas elementos componentes do sistema viário, sendo estes descartados desta pesquisa. Assim, observaram-se duas praças e um parque e percebeu-se que a apropriação destes espaços ficou comprometida em alguns momentos por estes não possuírem mobiliário adequado ou mesmo vegetação adequada ao clima local. This article is part of a research thesis which is being developed in the graduate in Architecture and Urbanism PósARQ UFSC program and aims to identify existing public spaces in the city of BalnearioCamboriu, as well as identify those attributes that have spaces or not guaranteeing their ownership. To do so, has listed the observation and interview spaces with users in order to understand their occupation/ownership. The survey of areas of squares and parks was conducted through surveys of Tourism Department. This survey allowed to realize that some of the squares as listed by the secretariat spaces are component parts of the road system, which are discarded in this study. Thus, there are two squares and a park and it was realized that ownership of these spaces was compromised at times by those not having proper furniture or even appropriate to the local climate vegetation.
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Reports on the topic "Municipal Surveys"

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Sánchez Torres, Fabio, Irina España Eljaiek, and Jannet Zenteno. Sub-national Revenue Mobilization in Latin American and Caribbean Countries: The Case of Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011435.

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This paper surveys the evolution and implications of fiscal decentralization in Colombia in recent decades. After describing the fiscal decentralization process and its impact on sub-national finances, the paper presents the evolution of departmental public finances, departmental vertical imbalances and the proposal to levy a VAT surcharge and a retail sales tax for the departments. The paper subsequently describes the evolution of municipal finances and municipal vertical imbalances, then includes calculations of the effective rates of the property and land tax and the industry and commerce tax, estimating the municipal tax burden, the efficiency rate of tax collection, and the determinants of both. The paper concludes with policy recommendations.
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de Jesus, Ana, Anna Berlina, Karina Berbert Bruno, and Sánchez Gassen Nora. The Nordic View on Sustainability – Learnings from the Local Level. Edited by Åsa Ström Hildestrand. Nordregio, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:16.1403-2503.

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This Nordic Voluntary Subnational Review (VSR) is the first cross-national report of its kind in the world. It has been developed as a joint venture by the Nordic Associations of Local and Regional Governments (LRGAs) and Nordregio. The aim of the report is to highlight how the Nordic municipalities and regional authorities have localised the Sustainable Development Goals – progress made, as well as obstacles they have met in their work. Through the report and a toolbox, we want to share learnings and tested methods with local and regional authorities globally. Development happens locally. At least 105 of the 169 SDGs depend on active engagement from local and regional authorities. The 2030 Agenda can serve as tools to pinpoint sustainability challenges and track progress holistically, fostering collaboration among citizens, businesses, and civil society. Nordic welfare states, known for their autonomy at the municipal and regional level, have long served as a global benchmark for systematically addressing sustainability challenges. This Nordic VSR is based on surveys sent to Nordic municipalities, complemented by interviews with representatives from the LRGAs regarding the strengths and weaknesses of national support to the local level, as well as the role of LRGAs in building competence and promoting municipal cooperation. The report also includes subchapters on methods for meaningful citizen engagement by The Nordic Youth Network for Sustainable Development and the Nordic Civil Society Network.
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Beckman, Kenneth, H. C. Cates, and Keith Schultz. GRl-99-0279 Market Drivers and Probable Trends in the Utilization of Natural Gas Storage - 1999 Update. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011132.

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The study consisted of a survey of natural gas storage users and providers to determine Approach the current needs for various types of storage services and probable trends for the next five years. Approximately 350 representatives from various types of natural gas users and suppliers were contacted, including Local Distribution Companies (LDCs), Electric Generation Companies (Generators), combination utilities (LDC/UEGs), both gas and electric Municipal Utilities (Municipals), and Industrial Gas Users (Industrials). Pipelines, Producers, and Marketers (PPM) were also included, and for purposes of this analysis, have been grouped together.
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Warwick, William, and Amy Solana. Market Survey of Municipal Solid Waste Gasification Technologies and Projects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2332862.

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Aguiar Borges, Luciane, Lisa Rohrer, and Kjell Nilsson. Green and healthy Nordic cities: How to plan, design, and manage health-promoting urban green space. Nordregio, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:11403-2503.

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This handbook is the culmination of the NORDGREEN project, which develops and implements smart planning and management solutions for well-designed, high-quality green spaces that promote health and well-being. Researchers and practitioners worked alongside one another in six Nordic cities: Aarhus (Denmark), Espoo and Ii (Finland), Stavanger (Norway), and Täby and Vilhelmina (Sweden). Together, the researchers and practitioners applied methods including GIS data analysis, statistical analysis, PPGIS surveys and analysis, policy document analysis, interviews, and evidence-based design models. The handbook uses an innovative framework based on the multi-disciplinary approach of the project, using epidemiological studies, environmental psychology, policy and management, and citizen participation. These fields of study and their respective methodologies are divided into the four so-called NORD components—NUMBERING, OBSERVING, REGULATING, and DESIGNING—which, accompanied by a BACKGROUND section reviewing the evidence linking green space and human health, form the bulk of the handbook. Some key take-away messages from these chapters include: There is a fairly broad consensus that access to, and use of, natural and green areas have a positive influence on people’s health and well-being. Both perceived and objective indicators for access to green space and for health are needed for making a more comprehensive evaluation for how people’s health is influenced by green space. Citizens’ experiential, local knowledge is a vital component of urban planning, and PPGIS can offer practitioners the opportunity to gather map-based experiential knowledge to provide insights for planning, designing, and managing green spaces. Alignment, both vertically across the political, tactical, and operational levels, as well as horizontally across departments, is critical for municipal organisations to foster health-promoting green spaces. Evidence-based design models can provide important categories and qualities for diagnosing the gaps in existing green spaces and designing green spaces with different scales and scopes that respond to the various health and well-being needs of different people. Based on the research and lessons learned from the six case study cities, the handbook provides practitioners with a TOOLBOX of adaptable methods, models, and guidelines for delivering health-promoting green spaces to consider in their own contexts. By reading this handbook, planners and policymakers can expect to gain (1) a background on the evidence linking green spaces and health, practical tools for planning, designing, and managing green spaces, (2) tips from researchers regarding the challenges of using various methods, models, and guidelines for delivering health-promoting green space, and (3) inspiration on some success stories emerging from the Nordic Region in this area of study. The handbook covers a wide range of health and urban green space topics. Landscape architects will find evidence-based design models for enhancing existing green space design processes. Planners will find methods and guidelines for identifying, collecting, and analysing both qualitative and quantitative green space and health data from statistical databases, national citizen surveys, and map-based participatory surveys. And all practitioners will find guidelines for achieving programmatic alignment in their work for delivering health-promoting green space.
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Wittberg, Sara. Standardisering för individuell prövning: En kartläggning av kommunala riktlinjer för bistånd till äldreomsorg – funktion och inverkan. Linköping University Electronic Press, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180752886.

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Cutbacks and austerity measures were in 2019 estimated in a quarter of the Swedish municipalities because of financial deficit. Due to the urbanization the conditions of the municipalities vary, creating different challenges and possibilities to provide for the necessary welfare service such as elder care. Despite a growing population of older people, previous research shows a decline in residential homes since 1980 as well as a decrease in caretakers receiving home help services. According to an inspection of the Health and Social Care Inspectorate (Inspektionen för vård och omsorg) local policy guidelines, for elder care assessment, are being used to reduce the dissimilarities in decision-making within the municipalities and to control the financial costs by adapting criteria and care limits for the needs assessment. Criticism has, by the Swedish Ombudsman, been directed towards the use of municipal guidelines for not complying with the law and case-law. Despite previous research indicating the usage of municipal guidelines in the needs assessment and decision-making process, municipal guidelines are still a relatively unexplored field. The aim of this thesis is therefore to understand the role of municipal guidelines, for elder care assessment, with regard to the law and the application of the law as well as the role municipal guidelines play according to politicians. In order to achieve this, the following has been examined: 1) the spread and content of the municipal guidelines, 2) the creation and political motives for establishing the guidelines and 3) how the care managers view their impact on the decision-making process. The methods used are semi-structured interviews, a survey, and a documentation review. The result shows that municipal guidelines are politically established, that they are widely spread and can be found in 274 out of 290 Swedish municipalities. According to the survey the guidelines contain guidance of law, case-law, and the like, as well as criteria and limits for the needs assessment and decision-making of elder care service. The result indicates that the local guidelines compensate for the ambiguity of the Social Services Act (Socialtjänstlagen 2001:453) by reinstating bureaucracy. By limiting the discretion, the guidelines aim to compensate for the lack of competence as well as create certainty and enable political responsibility for the usage of municipal resources as well as accountability between politicians, care managers and citizens. By standardizing, the aim is to achieve equality and legal certainty despite risking the fundamental intentions of the Social Service Act as a framework law designed for individual needs assessment. This study highlights the need to invest necessary resources into creating guidelines in order to make them more accessible, lawful and ensure legal certainty. The conditions, however, vary noteworthy between the municipalities. As a solution, the National Board of Health and Welfare, or some other authority, could be held responsible for developing national guidelines – regularly up to date and based on current law and case-law. In summary, this study shows that municipal guidelines have a widespread impact on the decision-making of care managers. The municipal guidelines thereby have a central role in the application of the law with a noteworthy potential impact on individuals and the help warranted to older people as a consequence.
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Kinzey, Bruce, Edward Smalley, and R. Haefer. The Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium Public Outdoor Lighting Inventory: Phase I: Survey Results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1165330.

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Hrozencik, R. Aaron, Grant Gardner, Nicholas Potter, and Steven Wallander. Irrigation organizations. Washington, D.C.: USDA, Economic Research Service, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.7975545.ers.

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Groundwater resources are vital for U.S. and global irrigated agricultural production. In the United States, groundwater supplies water to approximately 65 percent of all irrigated acreage. The connectivity among irrigators pumping from the same aquifer—paired with growing concerns about groundwater depletion—led to the creation of many of the groundwater organizations currently active in the United States. Groundwater organizations perform a variety of functions to promote groundwater resource stewardship and address groundwater overdraft and quality concerns that impact groundwater irrigators and other nonagricultural users (i.e., residential and municipal groundwater users). The operations of groundwater organizations are shaped by State-level groundwater law, organization governance, and the other irrigation-related activities performed by the organization (such as delivering water directly to farms and ranches). This report leverages data from the USDA’s 2019 Survey of Irrigation Organizations to characterize the unique institutions that steward much of the Nation’s groundwater resources.
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Dong, Hongwei. Smart Transportation in Small- and Medium-sized Cities in Central California. Mineta Transportation Institute, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2221.

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The research on smart transportation in the United States has centered on large metropolitan areas. The adoption of smart transportation technologies in small-and medium-sized cities outside of large metropolitan areas is less studied and understood. This study examined the adoption of smart transportation technologies in small-and medium-sized cities in Central California. The analysis was based on the online survey responses from 29 transportation officials and professionals who worked for 18 municipal government departments and six metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) in Central California as well as in depth semi-structured interviews with seven of them. The study showed that smart transportation in small-and medium-sized cities was mainly car-centric. Slightly more than half of the survey respondents were either unsure or suspicious about the usefulness of smart transportation technologies in addressing local transportation problems. The study revealed several barriers to the adoption of smart transportation technologies in small- and medium-sized cities including insufficient funding, limited staff capacity, a lack of coordination among small cities within a region, small population sizes, and low-density of development. The interviews suggested that some of these barriers, particularly the funding issue, were more complicated than they first appeared. We offer four major policy recommendations based on the findings from this study.
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