Journal articles: 'Municipal solid dumps'

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Atamanova, Olga V., Elena I. Tikhomirova, Alexey V. Koshelev, Anton V. Aleksashin, and Andrey L. Podolsky. "Method of transforming unauthorized dump into municipal solid waste landfill." E3S Web of Conferences 161 (2020): 01071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016101071.

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We resolved the issue of eliminating unauthorized dumps of municipal solid waste (MSW). The MSW placement problem attracts special attention of the urban residents in the Russian Federation. However, the number of unauthorized MSW dumps in our country continues to increase. The accumulation of municipal waste in certain localities of urbanized centers, as well as in unauthorized dumps near residential areas is a serious problem for the environment and human health. MSW decomposition products lead to chemical, physical, and biological pollution of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. It is difficult to eliminate unauthorized dumps of municipal solid waste, since it is virtually impossible to have advance knowledge about the places of their formation. The objects of our investigation were MSW dumps. We conducted laboratory studies on the composition of wastewaters from the areas of unauthorized dumps within Saratov region, and discovered that precipitation-generated runoff from unauthorized dumps contained manifold excesses of toxic pollutants (heavy metals, organic matter, etc.). We proposed an original method for converting unauthorized dumps of solid household waste into the MSW landfills. The method includes two components: vertical planning of previously formed dump volume and annular surrounding drainage of the open type. The drainage ditch is connected to the water-collecting well, which is linked to the water storage tank joined, in its turn, to the water treatment plant.

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Zelenskii, S. I., Ya N. Scolyarov, and A. I. Dudinskii. "Utilization of municipal solid waste from unauthorised dumps." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 6 (June 22, 2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-6-4-9.

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A modern, mobile energy complex for processing and disposal of solid municipal waste is presented. The analysis of existing similar mobile installations, technological schemes is carried out to determine the most effective scheme. Dismantled and selected the main and auxiliary equipment for the processing of solid municipal waste. The equipment used in the proposed installation will significantly increase the efficiency of collecting useful secondary fractions, and almost completely get rid of tailings sent to landfills for storage.

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Shwetmala, Kashyap, H. N. Chanakya, and T. V. Ramachandra. "Pattern, Characterization and Quantification of Unauthorized Waste Dump Sites: A Case Study of Bangalore." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.362.

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Developing country municipal solid waste management is complex, managed by multiple institutions, prone to socio-political disruptions and often requires frequent and rapid estimates of good functioning. Estimating the quantity, composition and status of municipal solid waste found at unauthorized dump sites helps in diagnosis and in improving solid waste management system. The objective of this study was to find occurrences of unauthorized dump sites and to determine quantity, area, height of dumps, waste density and waste composition at these sites. A total of 452 locations were identified and quantification of solid wastes was carried out at 268 locations by determining waste spread area, measuring dump height and density by multiple techniques. Mixed dumped wastes at site was physically segregated into twelve waste categories (organic fraction, plastic, construction debris, paper, cloth, glass, leather, metal, rubber, biomedical waste, burnt waste and industrial wastes). It was estimated about 213310 Mg of wastes were dumped in 452 unauthorized dump sites. The composition of waste dumped in unauthorized sites have 41.3% of construction debris followed by 28.9% of organic waste and other fractions constituted the remaining. The waste composition at dump site suggests less efficient recycling systems and the possible direction for the system improvements.

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Blight, Geoffrey. "Slope failures in municipal solid waste dumps and landfills: a review." Waste Management & Research 26, no. 5 (October 2008): 448–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x07087975.

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Datta, Manoj, and Amit Kumar. "Assessment of Subsurface Contamination Potential of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Dumps." Indian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 4 (June 20, 2017): 410–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40098-017-0247-5.

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Nnaji, Charles Chidozie. "Status of municipal solid waste generation and disposal in Nigeria." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-08-2013-0092.

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Purpose – This paper examined the current status of municipal solid waste management across Nigeria. The core aspects covered are generation, characterization, collection, scavenging, open dumping, disposal and environmental implications of poor solid waste management. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of the current state of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – This study was executed by a combination of an extensive literature search and field study. Solid waste generation rates for 31 Nigerian cities were obtained from literature. In addition, characteristics of municipal solid waste from 26 Nigerian cities were also obtained from literature. Other aspects such as characterization of solid waste obtained from final dumpsite and heavy metals accumulation in solid waste dumpsites were undertaken first hand. Findings – Solid waste generation rate was found to vary from 0.13 kg/capita/day in Ogbomosho to 0.71 kg/capita/day in Ado-Ekiti. Factors affecting solid waste generation rates were identified. Typically, food waste was found to constitute close to 50 percent of overall municipal solid waste in Nigerian cities. This study shows that the rate of generation of plastics, water proof materials and diapers has assumed an upward trend. Due to the dysfunctional state of many municipal waste management authorities, many cities have been overrun by open dumps. For instance, more than 50 percent of residents of Maiduguri in northern Nigeria and Ughelli in southern Nigeria dispose of their waste in open dumps. Indiscriminate disposal of waste has also resulted in the preponderance of toxic heavy metals in agricultural soils and consequent bioaccumulation in plants as well as groundwater contamination. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this research is municipal waste management authorities do not have relevant data. Hence, there was heavy reliance on published materials. The status of waste management in Nigeria is very deplorable and therefore poses serious threats to public and environmental health. There is urgent need for both government and individuals to adopt holistic and sustainable waste management strategies in order to safeguard public/environmental health. Practical implications – Findings from this paper can form a veritable resource for the formulation and implementation of sustainable municipal solid waste management framework and strategies in Nigeria. Originality/value – While most studies on municipal solid waste management in Nigeria are focussed on selected cities of interest, this particular study cuts across most cities of Nigeria in order to present a broader and holistic view of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria. The paper has also unraveled core municipal solid waste management challenges facing Nigerian cities.

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Neto, Octavio Pimenta Reis. "Economic Viability for a Large-Scale Model of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment in the Most Important Brazilian Economic Region." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 5 (June 10, 2020): 1377–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20may595.

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Despite the National Policy for Solid Waste (PNRS) in 2010, nothing has changed to the waste disposal in Brazil. Planned to reach 100% of all Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collected and treated in landfills by Aug. 2 nd, 2014, until nowadays, 42% of this total remains in dumps. Even the most important national economic region treating its urban waste in landfills, what it has is no more than 4% of recycling and its landfills reaching the exhaustion.

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Faitli, J., S. Nagy, R. Romenda, I. Gombkötő, L. Bokányi, and L. Barna. "Assessment of a residual municipal solid waste landfill for prospective ‘landfill mining’." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 12 (October 29, 2019): 1229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19881197.

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Landfill mining is a prospective tool for the recycling of valuable materials (waste-to-material) and secondary fuel (waste-to-energy) from old, therefore more or less stabilised municipal solid waste landfills. The main target of Horizon 2020 ‘SMARTGROUND’ R&D was improving the availability and accessibility of data and information from both urban landfills and mining dumps through a set of activities to integrate all the data – from existing sources and new information retrieved with time progress – in a single EU database. Concerning urban landfills, a new sampling protocol was designed on the basis of the current Hungarian national municipal solid waste analysis standards, optimised for landfill mining. This protocol was then applied in a sampling campaign on a municipal solid waste landfill in Debrecen, Hungary. The composition and parameters of the landfilled materials were measured as a 12-year timescale. The total wet and dry mass of the valuable components possible for utilisation was estimated.

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PRYKHODKO, Veronika, Tamerlan SAFRANOV, and Tatyana SHANINA. "Issues of Biodegradable Components in Municipal Solid Waste: Short Overview of the Problem and its Possible Solution in Ukraine." Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acee-2022-0023.

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Abstract The paper focuses on the problem of biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste in Ukraine. More then 60% of the total municipal solid waste mass in Ukraine is biodegradable waste. At present, this waste group is almost completely dumped on waste disposal sites and landfills that lead to “resource value” loss and to environmental problems. The work presents a classification of the group of biodegradable waste in municipal solid waste as well as quantitative characteristics of the group and the results of data variability analysis. Methane emission and disruption of the natural cycles of nutrients, in particular carbon, are considered as the environmental problems, related to such waste disposal on the waste dumps. Based on the biodegradable waste classification, the main possible ways of the problem solution that will help to achieve a “zero waste” goal for this group are presented. Efficient use of such waste as recyclable material resources is possible in case of easily-decomposed organic waste separation at the waste generation moment.

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Ramaiah, B. J., G. V. Ramana, and Manoj Datta. "Mechanical characterization of municipal solid waste from two waste dumps at Delhi, India." Waste Management 68 (October 2017): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.055.

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Nwaogu, Chukwudi, Henry D. Ogbuagu, Selegha Abrakasa, Modupeola A. Olawoyin, and Vilém Pavlů. "Assessment of the impacts of municipal solid waste dumps on soils and plants." Chemistry and Ecology 33, no. 7 (June 13, 2017): 589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2017.1337101.

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Prykhodko, V. Yu, T. A. Safranov, and T. P. Shanina. "Comparative assessment of different municipal solid waste treatment methods based on greenhouse gases emission values." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 22 (December 3, 2018): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.22.2018.12.

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The research is aimed at comparing different methods of municipal solid waste treatment (waste burial, composting, complex recycling) depending on the values of generated greenhouse gases. In order to compare waste burial and composting of municipal solid waste based on amount of generated greenhouse gases the calculation methods used for compiling the National Inventory, were taken. The mass balance method was used to estimate the output of a product of complex recycling. The municipal solid waste components differ by amount of degradable organic carbon and decomposition rate but have the largest mass. The municipal solid waste treatment techniques consist in placing such waste at landfills and dumps which are sources of environmental pollution, for example, by greenhouse gases. There are other organic waste treatment methods, such as composting via different technologies, burning, recycling etc. But all of them are also associated with greenhouse gases emission. Easily decomposed organic waste can be used for production of organic fertilizers, but a mandatory requirement, that is separation from the general municipal solid waste stream at the time of waste production, should be complied with. A complex recycling of easily decomposed organic waste, including anaerobic and aerobic composting is offered as an efficient way of waste management. The article presents a comparative analysis of various methods of municipal solid waste treatment based on the amount of greenhouse gases emitted in the Odessa Region. It considers three waste treatment approaches: all waste mass is to be placed at landfills and dumps, composting of some of park and garden waste and burial of other components, complex recycling of food, park and garden waste and some of paper waste according to the developed scheme. Complex recycling offers the least value of total greenhouse gases emission over a five-year period whereas waste disposal is characterized by the highest value thereof. The complex recovery of components containing bioavailable organic carbon through anaerobic fermentation method excludes emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, as the biogas produced can be collected and extracted. However, over a long period, even after two-stage complex recycling, the total emission of greenhouse gases will be lower comparing to other methods of easily decomposed organic waste treatment. Emission of greenhouse gases in case of waste disposal has a prolonged nature whereas emission of greenhouse gases in case of composting occurs within a short period of time which should be taken into account when analyzing the prospects of solving the municipal solid waste problem.

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Somani, Mohit, Manoj Datta, GV Ramana, and TR Sreekrishnan. "Investigations on fine fraction of aged municipal solid waste recovered through landfill mining: Case study of three dumpsites from India." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 8 (June 25, 2018): 744–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18782393.

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Reclamation of the dumps/landfills having huge quantities of decades-old garbage (aged waste or legacy waste) in an environmentally sound manner is one of the major challenges faced by the developing nations in general and in particular by urban local bodies in India. The article presents the feasibility of landfill mining operation specifically to recover soil-like material at old dumpsites of India for re-use in geotechnical applications. Aged municipal solid waste was collected from three dumpsites of India and initial tests were conducted on the soil-like material of the municipal solid waste. Initial tests results of grain size distribution, compositional analysis, organic content, total dissolved solids, elemental analysis, heavy metal analysis and colour of the leached water from finer fraction of aged municipal solid waste are presented. From the preliminary investigation, it was found that organic content in 15–20-year-old dumpsites varies between 5%–12%. The total dissolved solids ranges between 1.2%–1.5%. The dark coloured water leaching out from aged waste, with reference to local soil, is one of the objectionable parameters and depends on the organic content. The concentration of heavy metals of the finer fraction were compared with the standards. It was found that copper, chromium and cadmium are present at elevated levels in all the three dumpsites. The study concluded that the bulk of the soil-like material from aged municipal solid waste landfills can be used as cover material for landfills at the same site. However, some treatment in terms of washing, thermal treatment, blending with local soil, biological treatment, etc., is required before it can be re-used in other geotechnical applications.

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Mian, MM, AK Paul, MD Alam, M. Rasheduzzaman, and ASM Saifullah. "Solid Waste Management Practice in Mymensingh Municipal Area, Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5, no. 2 (April 29, 2013): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14813.

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The study was conducted to investigate the present solid waste management practice in Mymensingh municipal area especially in Ward 04 and 06. Huge solid wastes are generated every day in these wards but the waste management is not properly done because of their irregular waste management activities or unconsciousness. Maximum respondents discharged 1kg solid waste from their households per day and the respondents were 64%. Other 18% household discharged 0.5 kg and another 18% discharged 2 kg solid waste from their house per day. A majority percent of people dumps the produced solid waste in their living surroundings which produce various hazards in human health and environmental problems. This improper waste management can be managed by the regularity of management work, building awareness of the people and improving waste treatment. The municipality and other related NGOs should work together to solve these issues. It was revealed from the study that due to lack of people knowledge about solid waste management, lack of adequate budget for waste management, lack of available transport vehicles for waste management, lack of proper solid waste treatment plant etc. The total solid waste management system required following the recommendation which include proper planning, creating awareness, developing infrastructure, providing logistic support and finally involving NGOs, CBOs, public in this process. A sustainable solid waste management can be established which can lead the studied area to a healthy setting.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14813 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 193-198 2012

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Usikova, O. V., N. V. Petrova, and A. V. Fedorova. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESOURCE APPROACH IN WASTE MANAGEMENT ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Economics Profession Business, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb201991.

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Justification of the rational management of solid municipal waste is an urgent problem for our country. This situation is due to the presence of a large amount of waste generated annually, which, as a rule, is stored uncontrolled in landfills, dumps and is less recyclable. In this regard, the study analyzes the current state of legislation in the field of solid municipal waste management in the Russian Federation, as well as the experience of waste management abroad and highlights its main features. The possibility of using the resource approach is estimated by the example of calculating the cost of waste disposal and recycling, energy utilization technologies. As a result, the propused structure of such on approach which is new and promising for the development of management processes and implementation of recycling need generated by municipal waste. Besides, as a practical management tool, the article offers indicators that should be used as a basis for a methodological approach to calculating the resource potential of solid municipal waste and calculating the tariff for reclamation of disturbed land, which will increase the socio-economic efficiency of waste management.

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Aishwarya, R. "Assessment of Spatial Distribution of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Groundwater around Kodungaiyur Dump yard." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012215.

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Abstract Municipal solid waste management has become an acute problem due to enhanced economic activities and rapid urbanisation. In most cities, solid waste is disposed of in open dumps without proper lining which has tremendous health issues and environmental effects. Kodungaiyur dump yard chosen for this study is the major toxic dump yard in Chennai. In recent years there has been a serious concern about the deteriorating groundwater quality due to leachate contamination. Despite posing strict rules on pollution of water bodies, water continues to be consistently underappreciated and undervalued. So, the present study is emphasized on the ill effects of leachate percolation on groundwater quality and is also represented spatially to understand the impact of the landfill in the selected area. For this study water samples are collected from 12 bore wells in and around Kodungaiyur dumpsite and they are tested for various Physico-chemical parameters like total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, hardness, conductivity, pH, sulphate, chloride, potassium, sodium, Magnesium, and nitrate. The water samples are also analysed for BOD, COD and heavy metals include Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Ni. The test results are compared with Water quality standards. The spatial distribution of the Physico-chemical parameters is represented in maps prepared using Quantum Geographical Information System (QGIS). The result obtained from testing and spatial representation using GIS helps in monitoring and managing water contamination in the study area.

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Huang, Yu, and Chongqiang Zhu. "Simulation of flow slides in municipal solid waste dumps using a modified MPS method." Natural Hazards 74, no. 2 (April 22, 2014): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1194-4.

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Ramaiah, B. J., and G. V. Ramana. "Seismic Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Dumps: Site Specific Case Studies From Delhi, India." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 45, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 20160162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20160162.

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Sharma, Bhupendra K., and Munish K. Chandel. "Life cycle assessment of potential municipal solid waste management strategies for Mumbai, India." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 1 (November 21, 2016): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16675683.

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Dumping of municipal solid waste into uncontrolled dumpsites is the most common method of waste disposal in most cities of India. These dumpsites are posing a serious challenge to environmental quality and sustainable development. Mumbai, which generates over 9000 t of municipal solid waste daily, also disposes of most of its waste in open dumps. It is important to analyse the impact of municipal solid waste disposal today and what would be the impact under integrated waste management schemes. In this study, life cycle assessment methodology was used to determine the impact of municipal solid waste management under different scenarios. Six different scenarios were developed as alternatives to the current practice of open dumping and partially bioreactor landfilling. The scenarios include landfill with biogas collection, incineration and different combinations of recycling, landfill, composting, anaerobic digestion and incineration. Global warming, acidification, eutrophication and human toxicity were assessed as environmental impact categories. The sensitivity analysis shows that if the recycling rate is increased from 10% to 90%, the environmental impacts as compared with present scenario would reduce from 998.43 kg CO2 eq t−1 of municipal solid waste, 0.124 kg SO2 eq t−1, 0.46 kg PO4−3 eq t−1, 0.44 kg 1,4-DB eq t−1 to 892.34 kg CO2 eq t−1, 0.121 kg SO2 eq t−1, 0.36 kg PO4−3 eq t−1, 0.40 kg 1,4-DB eq t−1, respectively. An integrated municipal solid waste management approach with a mix of recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion and landfill had the lowest overall environmental impact. The technologies, such as incineration, would reduce the global warming emission because of the highest avoided emissions, however, human toxicity would increase.

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Kovalenko, V. V., O. O. Radchenko, A. A. Kireikou, V. Yu Stanishevskiy, A. M. Lahoiko, and J. Sinitsky. "Problem of municipal solid waste of Ukraine and ways to solve it." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1049, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1049/1/012019.

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Abstract Currently, Ukraine is among the countries with the largest absolute volume of waste generation and accumulation. Situation with landfills in Ukraine is uncontrolled. This is evidenced by unspecified landfills. The situation is constantly worsening due to harmful chemical emissions of landfills. The paper describes how pollution by landfills affects environmental components. Foreign experience, domestic waste management and methods of waste disposal were analyzed. The publication contains statistical data about dumps, landfills of household waste in Ukraine and describes normative-legal acts regulating issue of waste management. This paper outlines several recommendations for decreasing of environmental pollution from landfills on the territory of Ukraine. Following measures should be taken to solve the problem: sorting municipal solid waste; recycling; control and landfills registration; landfill placement; construction of waste-recycling and waste-burning plants; increasing awareness through environmental education on responsible attitude to waste.

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Mahmood, Khalid, Zia Ul-Haq, Fiza Faizi, and Syeda A. Batol. "A comparison of satellite-based indices for hazard assessment of MSW open dumps using spatial analysis." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 3 (December 11, 2018): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18815963.

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This study compares the suitability of different satellite-based vegetation indices (VIs) for environmental hazard assessment of municipal solid waste (MSW) open dumps. The compared VIs, as bio-indicators of vegetation health, are normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and modified soil adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) that have been subject to spatio-temporal analysis. The comparison has been made based on three criteria: one is the exponential moving average (EMA) bias, second is the ease in visually finding the distance of VI curve flattening, and third is the radius of biohazardous zone in relation to the waste heap dumped at them. NDVI has been found to work well when MSW dumps are surrounded by continuous and dense vegetation, otherwise, MSAVI is a better option due to its ability for adjusting soil signals. The hierarchy of the goodness for least EMA bias is MSAVI> SAVI> NDVI with average bias values of 101 m, 203 m, and 270 m, respectively. Estimations using NDVI have been found unable to satisfy the direct relationship between waste heap and hazardous zone size and have given a false exaggeration of 374 m for relatively smaller dump as compared to the bigger one. The same false exaggeration for SAVI and MSAVI is measured to be 86 m and -14 m, respectively. So MSAVI is the only VI that has shown the true relation of waste heap and hazardous zone size. The best visualization of distance-dependent vegetation health away from the dumps is also provided by MSAVI.

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Polzer, Veronica R., and Kenneth M. Persson. "MSW Management in São Paulo City and the National Policy of Solid Waste." Open Waste Management Journal 9, no. 1 (September 30, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876400201609010001.

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The objective of this paper is to present a brief overview of the current situation of solid waste in Brazil, as well as the importance of the National Policy of Solid Waste as the main regulatory milestone of the country, clarifying the role of society, government and the private sector. Moreover, this law is essential for determining the closing of dumps, encouraging municipal consortia and establishing a hierarchy for solid waste management through waste reduction at source, reuse, recycling, energy recovery and disposal. Also, it aims to understand how São Paulo, the most important city of Brazil, is currently facing the problem and what are the scenarios and proposals indicated in the Integrated Management Solid Waste Plan of the city to get the sustainable solid waste management of São Paulo in operation.

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David, A. O., A. O. David, O. O. Odagbodo, O. T. Opafola, G. M. Amusan, A. A. Badejo, and O. S. Olaniyan. "Assessment of solid waste management in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technology 42, no. 2 (August 11, 2023): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v42i2.18.

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The rapid rate of population growth and urbanization has impacted the management of municipal solid wastes (MSW) and is increasingly becoming a major concern in many cities in developing countries. Insufficient area coverage for wastes collection, processing system, and unsuitable disposal all appear to be the causal factors. This paper discussed the current situation of solid waste management in Ota municipality as well as the challenges and associated problems. Structured questionnaires, interviews and on-site observations were used for data generation, and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results indicated that 28.6% of the respondents incinerate their wastes, while 27.6% of the respondents dispose theirs to public waste bins. About 11.4% deposit their wastes by the road side, while 6.4% dump their wastes in drainages and water bodies. Most respondents incinerate their wastes which would impact negatively on the ozone layer. Results also indicated that 54.3% of the respondents have their wastes disposed regularly, while 66% do not sort their wastes which make them difficult to manage. The city's single dump site was visited in order to have a better understanding of the existing solid waste management measures in place. Other illegal waste dumps in the town were also visited. In order to address the difficulties of solid waste management in the municipality, it is recommended that the state government engage additional Private Service Provider (PSP) operatives to assist with waste collection and transportation, provide suitable facilities, machinery, and equipment, and launch a public awareness campaign

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GUBANOV, L. N., A. Yu ZVEREVA, and V. I. ZVEREVA. "INFLUENCE OF LANDFILL DEPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE ON GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.01.13.

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Most landfills dont meet the requirements for the terms of waste disposal and are just dumps without any engineering infrastructure protecting biosphere objects from polluting. Chemical and microbiological processes occurring in the municipal solidwaste mass lead to the formation of harmful substances polluting water objects. The designs of landfills MSW should have a two-stage scheme of wastewater treatment. The first stage of treatment is done in ponds-regulators of high capacity by homogenisation, dilution and long-lasting settling of wastewater. The second stage of treatment is performed on plants of physical-chemical and biological treatment. Negative influence of the rest harmful substancesdecreases if there is a big enough natural biochemical barrier between the water wall and the nearest water-bearing level, i.e. if the basement of the landfill has rocks that can effectively prevent pollutants taking out to ground water levels.

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Jayaweera, Mahesh, Buddhika Gunawardana, Manju Gunawardana, Asiri Karunawardena, Viraj Dias, Sarath Premasiri, Janith Dissanayake, et al. "Management of municipal solid waste open dumps immediately after the collapse: An integrated approach from Meethotamulla open dump, Sri Lanka." Waste Management 95 (July 2019): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.019.

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Ezhov, V., V. Pakhomov, D. Fedyanin, and I. Saikov. "Technology for utilization and neutralization of municipal waste." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1283, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1283/1/012005.

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Abstract Considered the issues of environmental protection with the simultaneous use for the neutralization and disposal of urban waste containing substances of organic origin, due to solar energy and atmospheric precipitation. At present, in the Russian Federation, waste makes up 90–98% of all extracted natural resources, that is, the industry works mainly for the production of waste. Already 8 billion m3 of industrial and municipal waste has accumulated. Landfills are 50–90% full on average across the country. The volume of waste from livestock enterprises and poultry farms in the form of manure, droppings and sewage is about 700 million m3 per year, and more than 2 million hectares of land are occupied for storing this waste. Therefore, it is planned until 2020–2025 to introduce a complete ban on the storage of municipal solid waste at more than 200 landfills and dumps, where they have accumulated 31 billion tons

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Singh, Raj Kumar, Manoj Datta, and Arvind Kumar Nema. "A Time-Dependent System for Evaluating Groundwater Contamination Hazard Rating of Municipal Solid Waste Dumps." Environmental Modeling & Assessment 15, no. 6 (March 30, 2010): 549–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10666-010-9224-4.

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Beltran-Siñani, Magaly, and Antonio Gil. "Accounting Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Treatment by Composting: A Case of Study Bolivia." Eng 2, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng2030017.

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Waste generation is one of the multiple factors affecting the environment and human health that increases directly with growing population and social and economic development. Nowadays, municipal solid waste disposal sites and their management create climate challenges worldwide, with one of the main problems being high biowaste content that has direct repercussions on greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. In Bolivia, as in the most developing countries, dumps are the main disposal sites for solid waste. These places usually are non-engineered and poorly implemented due to social, technical, institutional and financial limitations. Composting plants for treatment of biowaste appear as an alternative solution to the problem. Some Bolivian municipalities have implemented pilot projects with successful social results; however, access to the economic and financial resources for this alternative are limited. In order to encourage the composting practice in the other Bolivian municipalities it is necessary to account for the GHG emissions. The aim of the present study compiles and summarizes the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines methodology and some experimental procedures for accounting of the greenhouse gases emissions during the biowaste composting process as an alternative to its deposition in a dump or landfill. The GHG emissions estimation results by open windrow composting process determined in the present study show two scenarios: 38% of reduction when 50% of the biowaste collected in 2019 was composted; and 12% of reduction when 20% of the biowaste was composted.

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Colvero, Diogo Appel, Ana Paula Duarte Gomes, Luís António da Cruz Tarelho, Manuel Arlindo Amador de Matos, and José Carlos Martins Ramalho. "Proposal of an Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Facilities for Small Municipalities." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 45, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2019.273.

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Most Brazilian municipalities are small, i.e., with less than 50,000 inhabitants. In the State of Goiás, for example, 91% of the municipalities are small. Of these, only 4% have their municipal solid waste (MSW) disposed in authorized landfills. Thus, the present study aimed to propose a municipal solid waste management facility (MSWMF) shared between two small municipalities of the microregion of Chapada dos Veadeiros, in Northeast Goiás. The reason for selecting this microregion is that it is composed only of small municipalities that use waste dumps for the disposal of their MSW. For this purpose, the areas subject to approval or restricted for the installation of a MSWMF were identified with the aid of a geographic information system (GIS). Also, the host municipality (HM) of the MSWMF proposed for Campos Belos and Monte Alegre de Goiás was defined with the use of mass geometry methodology. According to the results obtained, 59% of the territories of these two municipalities that will integrate the proposed MSWMF are restricted for the installation of landfills, and Monte Alegre de Goiás was selected to host the landfill.

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Chaudhary, Sharad. "Leachate Characterization Generated from Municipal Solid waste at Landfill Site Ghazipur, New Delhi." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47342.

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Abstract: The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the key environmental issues facing Indian cities, mostly as a result of the country's growing industrialisation and urbanisation. According to numerous studies, open dumps and landfills are used to dispose of around 90% of solid waste in an improper manner. Pollutants can escape a poorly constructed landfill in a number of ways. Leachate can escape from a landfill or dumpsite and contaminate groundwater and surface water if the soil above or below it is porous. Therefore, In this paper an attempt is made to characterize the leachate produced by municipal solid waste dumping site of Ghazipur, New Delhi which is located at Latitude: 28° 37' 30.8784". Longitude: 77° 19' 40.764" near the Delhi-UP border. In this investigation, about 12 leachate parameters were identified. Three sample sites at the bottom of the landfill, spaced 7 metres apart, were used to characterise the leachate samples. All of the leachate samples had an acidic pH value ranging from 6.24 to 6.88, it is discovered. All of the sample’s conductivity and total dissolved solids ranged from 567 to 1945 S/cm and 513 to 1289 ppm respectively. Similar dissolved ions such chloride, calcium, sodium, nitrate, and potassium were found in the leachate sample. The majority of the ions were discovered to be above the standards-permitted level. The present study concludes that characterization of landfill leachate is important to identify the most critical pollutants present in the leachate and thereby to introduce suitable and applicable technologies such as in-situ impermeable barriers etc.

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Kiril’chuk, I. O., O. E. Kondrat’yeva, O. A. Laktionov, and V. V. Yushin. "Information Technologies for Assessing the Risk to Public Health from Emissions of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 23, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2019-23-2-186-201.

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Purpose of reseach. One of the most pressing environmental problems is the formation of production and consumption waste; moreover, the bulk of the waste is not involved in the circular economy but is disposed at landfills and waste dumps that pose a serious ecological hazard to the environment and public health. The authors of the article substantiate the need to apply modern information technologies for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of emissions, a comprehensive assessment of the environmental state near sources of pollution, a study of cause-effect relationships in the ‘environment – public health’ system, and health risk assessment for the subsequent justification of the priority management decisions to ensure the environmental health and public safety.Methods. The main method used to assess the negative impact of municipal solid waste landfills on the health of the population living in the areas of their effect is the concept of risk assessment and analysis.Results. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of information technologies used in assessing the risk to public health from emissions of landfills of municipal solid waste; examples of using software products at various stages of assessing the risk to public health from emissions from Kursk landfill were considered. To take into account the specific uncertainties that are due to the peculiarities of the functioning of municipal solid waste landfills as risk sources, the authors developed an electronic database of the municipal solid waste morphological composition and landfill facilities.Conclusion. The developed database will allow us to level the uncertainties that arise in assessing the risk to public health from emissions of municipal solid waste landfills to the extent possible, and, so, increase the objectivity of the obtained risk assessment results.

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Krot, Olga, Varvara Vinnichenko, and . "The Use of Heat From the Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste for Processing of Phosphogypsum." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.3 (September 15, 2018): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.3.19831.

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Municipal landfills and open dumps with industrial waste are global issues which impact on the environment and on the health of populations. The production of phosphoric acid from natural phosphate rock gives rise to an industrial by-product called phosphogypsum, containing mainly dihydrated gypsum. Five tons of phosphogypsum are generated per ton of phosphoric acid production. The technology of roasting of phosphogypsum in a dehydrator, which is a mine, has been described in the article. Such reprocessing of the waste makes it possible to obtain a ready-made high-quality building material. The development of a complex that processes wet and highly adhesive phosphogypsum using the heat of combustion of alternative fuel (municipal waste) is consistent with the synergetic concept of environmentally efficient utilization. Experimental studies identify the most rational parameters of the dehydrator, namely, its operating temperature, have been conducted. The temperature of a heat carrier (air) varied from175 °Cto350 °Cin the experiment.

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Semenov, V. V., V. I. Zhdanov, I. Yu Veretennikov, and A. Yu Hil’. "Method for Disposal of Landfills in Sparsely Populated Areas of Russia." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-3-4-9.

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The development of a mobile waste incineration plant designed for the recovery of garbage dumps located near towns and villages, from where the removal of garbage to the city to the incineration plant is not profitable due to the large remoteness of small settlements from the city. The installation has two combustion zones: in the 1st zone, the combustion process of solid municipal waste (MSW) is achieved at temperatures up to 600 °C, and in the second zone – up to 1200 °C. Afterburning of flue gas to reduce the formation of dioxins, furans and soot is provided.

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Ailton, João Gonçalves Moreira, Cunha Gomes Juliano, de Brito Mendonça Joana, and Borges De Castilhos Junior Armando. "Application of a decision support tool for municipal solid waste open dumps remediation in Cape Verde." African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 14, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajest2019.2800.

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Ma, Jing, Zhanbin Luo, Fu Chen, Qianlin Zhu, Shaoliang Zhang, and Gang-Jun Liu. "A Practical Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Open Dumps through Infrastructure Restructuring: A Case Study in Nanjing City, China." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082804.

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A new environmental ban has forced the restructure of open dumps in China since 1 July 2011. A technical process was established in this study that is feasible for the upgrade of open dumps through restructuring. The feasibility of restructuring and the benefit of greenhouse gas emission reductions were assessed according to field surveys of five landfills and four dumps in Nanjing. The results showed that the daily processing capacities of the existing landfills have been unable to meet the growth of municipal solid waste (MSW), making restructuring of the landfills imperative. According to an assessment of the technical process, only four sites in Nanjing were suitable for upgrading. Restructuring the Jiaozishan landfill effectively reduced the leachate generation rate by 5.84% under its scale when expanded by 60.7% in 2015. CO2 emissions were reduced by approximately 55,000–86,000 tons per year, in which biogas power generation replaced fossil fuels Fossil fuels accounted for the largest proportion, up to 45,000–60,000 tons. Photovoltaic power generation on the overlying land has not only reduced CO2 emissions to 26,000–30,000 tons per year but has also brought in continuing income from the sale of electricity. The funds are essential for developing countries such as China, which lack long-term financial support for landfill management after closure.

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Jucá, J. F. T., K. R. M. Barbosa, and M. C. Sobral. "Sustainability indicators for municipal solid waste management: A case study of the Recife Metropolitan Region, Brazil." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 12 (July 20, 2020): 1450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20941088.

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Brazil faces major challenges in order to meet the requirements proposed by the National Solid Waste Policy, which has been in force since 2010 and complicates decision-making, especially in small municipalities. In this context, sustainability indicators are important support tools that help in setting out performance actions for municipal sustainable development. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the four sustainability dimensions (social, environmental, economic, and legal/institutional) using sustainability indicators for MSW management in the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR) in Northeast Brazil. To do this, the progress of the region was evaluated against the principal goals and guidelines proposed by solid waste plans and by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It was found that some progress has been achieved in recent years, such as the closure of dumps, a reduction of the per capita MSW mass collected, and an increase in the coverage rate for solid household waste collection. However, selective collection and financial autonomy still fall well short of the region’s goals. According to the results of this study, municipalities in the RMR require more environmental education and joint actions involving government, the private sector, and the general population.

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BP, Naveen, Abdollah Tabaroei, and Ankit Garg. "Methane Emission and Carbon Sequestration Potential from Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, India." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (April 24, 2023): 7125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097125.

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Quantities of waste generation are drastically increasing every day, and most of the waste is disposed of through open dumps and landfilling. Methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide are major greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced from landfill sites. However, the global-warming potential of methane is 21 times higher than that of carbon dioxide. Hence, there is immense concern for its utilization from landfill sites. In developing countries, the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) has high amounts of biodegradable waste (50–60%). This leads to higher emissions of GHGs a per ton of MSW compared to the developed world. In this study, the attempt will be made to estimate the amount of carbon stored in MSW burial in landfills. Tests were conducted in two different locations at the Mavallipura landfill. MSW samples were collected for every meter interval (1–2 m, 2–3 m and so on) up to 6 m. The result shows that carbon stored in organic matter increases with depth from approximately 2.2% at 1.0 m depth to 4.8% at 6 m depth. Based on MSW’s carbon storage factor and data on MSW generation, global carbon sequestration from MSW burial in the Mavallipura landfill is estimated to be at least 10 million metric tons per year. In additional, the study aims to quantify methane-gas production from the ward levels and the Mavallipura landfill site in India.

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Verma, Ravindra, and Prakash Singh Bisen. "A Mini Review of Technological Options for Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste in India." Current Environmental Management 7, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666214007999200709124344.

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Background: It has been seen that 90% of municipal solid waste is disposed off in open dumps and landfill sites, causing problems for the environment, and public health in developing countries. Many technological options can convert waste into various forms of energy. Heat and electricity can be generated and utilized for specific thermodynamic conversion processes and different types of biofuel can also be extracted from the organic municipal solid waste. Objective: This study evaluates the different treatment options available to convert waste into energy, and also concludes its environmental aspect with suggestions, which may be beneficial for encouraging the researchers to work for further improvement in this aspect. Methods: For each technological area, results from the literature review and the different expert opinions were considered to provide an analysis of the treatment technology, identify the internal and external environmental threats and important gaps in treatment technologies for MSW in India. Results: It has been observed from various studies that the pyrolysis/gasification is the suitable option for the treatment of different compositions of solid waste with high energy recovery in India, while bio-methanation is suitable for a decentralized system with a high energy value, and a minimum level of pollution & health hazards. Conclusion: The study and observations show that there are multiple technological options for the treatment of municipal solid waste. Research and development in the MSW sector is not a priority in India, therefore, it has been recognized that expert research advice is required while selecting technology as well as for deciding the tools and techniques to handle this issue.

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Swati, M., and Kurian Joseph. "Settlement analysis of fresh and partially stabilised municipal solid waste in simulated controlled dumps and bioreactor landfills." Waste Management 28, no. 8 (January 2008): 1355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.06.011.

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Bello, Imrana, Salisu Adamu Muhammad, Buhari Idris, Yahaya Dan Illela Umar, Umar Garba, and Nura Tasiu Tasi’u. "Evaluation of Pollution and Clean Index of Municipal Solid Waste Compost Used as Organic Fertilizers from Sokoto State Metropolis, Nigeria." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 3 (June 8, 2023): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(3).27.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of compost obtained from ten (10) municipal solid waste dumps in the Sokoto metropolitan area, Nigeria. The Compost was characterized to understand its fertilizing and polluting potential to soil. The fertilization index (FI) was determined empirically from the values of TOC, TN, TP, TK and C:N ratio and the cleaning index (CI) using heavy metal concentrations. The results were compared with quality control metrics. The FI values for the composts ranged from 4.00 to 4.70, while the CI values ranged from 2.60 to 4.00, respectively. Most of the MSW composts analyzed showed good fertilizing potential and were of good quality for use as soil fertilizers.

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Medina Jimenez, Ana Carolina, Reynaldo Palacios Bereche, and Silvia Nebra. "Three municipal solid waste gasification technologies analysis for electrical energy generation in Brazil." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 6 (April 15, 2019): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19841126.

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In Brazil, in 2016, 196,050 tonnes day-1 of municipal solid waste (MSW) were collected, which means a waste generation of 1.035 kg per capita per day. Only 59.1% of the waste has adequate destination in sanitary landfills, whereas the remaining 40.9% has inadequate destination in controlled landfills and open dumps (ABRELPE, 2018). Among all the states in the country, the State of São Paulo has the biggest per capita generation: 2.290 kg. Today, the only waste destination practiced in the country is deposition in landfills, but other possibilities can be considered. Among thermal treatment routes, the gasification of MSW is an interesting alternative to be studied, because of its versatility and relatively low emissions. The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of electricity generation through MSW gasification in Santo André city, Brazil, comparing three waste gasification technologies: TPS Termiska Processer AB, Carbogas and Energos. These alternatives have operated commercially for a few years, and data are available. Specific characteristics of each technology were taken into account, such as the reactor type and fuel properties. For the electricity production scheme, two energy conversion systems were assumed: an internal combustion engine and a steam power cycle. From the process parameters adopted, the results showed that Carbogas technology, coupled to internal combustion engines, presents the highest efficiency of electricity generation (30%) and also the lowest cost of electrical energy produced (US$65.22 MWh-1) when Santo André’s gate fee is applied.

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Sharma, Kapil Dev, and Siddharth Jain. "Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management: the global scenario." Social Responsibility Journal 16, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 917–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-06-2019-0210.

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Purpose Due to the increasing population and prosperity, the generation rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased significantly, resulting in serious problems on public health and the environment. Every single person in the world is affected by the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) issue. MSWM is reaching a critical level in almost all areas of the world and seeking the development of MSW strategies for a sustainable environment. This paper aims to present the existing global status of MSW generation, composition, management and related problems. Design/methodology/approach A total of 59 developed and developing countries have been grouped based on their gross national income to compare the status of various MSWM technologies among them. A total of 19 selection criteria have been discussed to select appropriate MSWM technology(s) for a city/town, which affects their applicability, operational suitability and performance. All risks and challenges arising during the life cycle of the waste to energy (WtE) project have also been discussed. This paper also gives a comparative overview of different globally accepted MSWM technologies and the present market growth of all WtE technologies. Findings It was found that most developed countries have effectively implemented the solid waste management (SWM) hierarchy and are now focusing heavily on reducing, reusing and recycling of MSW. On the other hand, SWM has become very serious in low-income and low-middle-income countries because most of the MSW openly dumps and most countries are dependent on inadequate waste infrastructure and the informal sector. There are also some other major challenges related to effective waste policies, availability of funds, appropriate technology selection and adequacy of trained people. This study clears the picture of MSW generation, composition, management strategies and policies at the worldwide context. This manuscript could be valuable for all nations around the world where effective MSWM has not yet been implemented. Originality/value This study clears the picture of solid waste generation, composition, management strategies and policies at the worldwide context. This manuscript could be valuable for all nations around the world where effective MSWM has not yet been implemented. In this study, no data was generated. All supporting data were obtained from previously published papers in journals, the outcomes of the international conferences and published reports by government organizations.

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Michel Devadoss, Paul Selvam, Agamuthu Pariatamby, Mehran Sanam Bhatti, Santha Chenayah, and Fauziah Shahul Hamid. "Strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste management in Pakistan." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 39, no. 7 (January 28, 2021): 914–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20983927.

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The studies on municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Pakistan and its impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are glaringly missing. Therefore, this study examines the effect of MSW management on GHG emissions in Pakistan and suggests the best suitable strategies for alleviating GHG emissions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 waste model (WM) was used to create inventory of GHG emissions from landfilling. The solid waste management GHG (SWM-GHG) calculator and strengths–weaknesses–opportunities–threat (SWOT) analyses were used as strategic planning tools to reduce GHG emissions by improving MSW management in Pakistan. The IPCC 2006 WM estimated 14,987,113 metric tonnes (Mt) carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq) of GHG emissions in 2016. The SWM-GHG calculator, on the other hand, estimated 23,319,370 Mt CO2-eq of GHG emissions from management of 30,764,000 Mt of MSW in 2016, which included 8% recycling, 2% composting, and 90% disposal in open dumps. To reduce GHG emissions, two strategies including recycling-focused and incineration-focused were analysed. The recycling approach can reduce more GHG emissions than incineration, as it can reduce 36% of GHG emissions (as compared to GHG emission in 2016) by recycling 23% of MSW, anaerobically digesting 10% of MSW, and disposing of 67% of MSW in sanitary landfills (with energy recovery). Moreover, the SWOT analysis suggested integration of the informal sector, adoption of anaerobic digestion and formulation of explicit MSW regulations for improving the current management of MSW which will also result in lower GHG emissions.

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Kumar, Amit, Manoj Datta, Arvind K. Nema, and R. K. Singh. "Suitability of hazard rating systems for air contamination from municipal solid waste dumps and improvements to enhance performance." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, no. 7 (July 2017): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2016-0500.

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Krevitz, Ellyn. "Not in My Landfill: Virginia and the Politics of Waste Importation." Policy Perspectives 7, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v7i2.4215.

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Since the 1970s, federal and state regulations have dramatically changed the management of municipal solid waste in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Regulations required open dumps to be replaced by sanitary landfills with control technology to prevent environmental contamination. In contrast to local governments, private waste management companies had the financial resources to construct landfills with the necessary technology. Recently, companies have found that these expansive landfills could not survive financially on Virginia trash alone and began to import waste from other municipalities on the East Coast. This practice has led Virginia to become the second largest importer of municipal solid waste in the country. Waste importation has developed into a political and legal battle that has pitted the Commonwealth and grassroots organizations against the waste industry and its clients. Each stakeholder group makes a compelling argument as to why their position best protects local economies, Virginia's citizens, and the Commonwealth's natural resources. However, the Commerce Clause prevents states from enacting statutes that would interfere with interstate trade of waste. This article discusses the growth of the waste industry in Virginia and the perspectives of stakeholders involved with the importation debate. Without federal legislative action, the author concludes, there is no straightforward answer to the "problem" of waste importation in Virginia.

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S, Jithendra, Jagdish H. Godihal, and Mahadeva M. "Enhancement of Composting Methods in Solid Waste Management." Journal of Water Resources and Pollution Studies 7, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jowrps.2022.v07i03.003.

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The most pressing problem faced by any city center in India nowadays is Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM). Rapid urbanization and converting life have caused the era of massive amounts of garbage and waste within the city regions, so much so, over the last few years, just the managing this Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has assumed the share of a primary organizational, economic and environmental task. Despite MSWM being a chief task of the local governments, normally accounting for a massive part of the municipal budget - about 20% to 50%, the Urban Local Bodies (ULBS) are not able to offer effective services. Most of the ULBs do now not even have dependable MSW generation estimates. Unfortunate fallout of rapid urbanization without good enough infrastructure backup is that during all Indian cities/cities, disposal of waste is carried out indiscriminately, main to stray animal menace, clogged drains and unfold of diseases. The procedure of collection, transportation, and disposal of MSW is not complete in a maximum of the towns/cities with rubbish thousands final unattended till the severity reaches unmanageable proportions. Also, the high organic content material of Indian MSW, compounded through the recent, and humid tropical weather results in the rapid decomposition of the uncollected waste and is an ever-present health risk. Municipal waste that is improperly disposed of has a severe and dangerous effect on a wide range of areas. Along with waste discarded close to rivers, lakes, and streams, trash dumped in the street or in open areas poses a threat to public health. Delivers contaminated water. When the trash is burned outside instead of being properly disposed of, pollutants are produced and hazardous gases are released into the atmosphere. Throwing no biodegradable items down open drains causes them to enter the sewer system, blocking pipes and harming the infrastructure. The risks associated with the disposal of untreated medical and commercial waste are increased by the release of pathogens and poisonous substances, which represent a serious threat not only to human life but also to that of plants and animals. The effects of trash thrown in the area go beyond just being an eyesore; entire landscapes are destroyed, and certain habitats for flora and fauna are lost. All of these issues are commonplace in India, where tremendous portions of strong waste remain uncollected within the streets, along side primary roads, in empty plots of land, on downhill slopes, and in illegal dumps.

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Paul, Koushik, Amit Dutta, and Akhouri Pramod Krishna. "Using GIS to Locate Waste Bins: a Case Study on Kolkata City, India." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2017_1/10.

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Environmentally acceptable management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a challenge due to limited resources, increasing population and rapid urbanization. Kolkata city, with an area of 187.33 km2 and a population of about 10 million (including a floating population of about 6 million), generates about 3,500 MT of solid waste per day. Daily disposal rate of solid waste at Dhapa exceeds 3,000 MT d-1 while at Garden Reach the disposal is 100-150 MT d-1. Conservancy staff collects waste from households and streets and dumps them at skips/MS containers (55%) or at open vats (45%). Collected waste is transported directly to disposal ground at Dhapa by KMC departmental vehicles and KMC-hired vehicles. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the solid waste management problem. GIS as a tool can recognise, correlate and analyse relationship between spatial and non-spatial data- it can thus be used as a decision support tool for efficient management of the different functional elements solid waste e.g. bin location, number of bins required, waste transportation, generating work schedules for workers and vehicles. This study examines GIS application in assisting locational analysis of waste bins in Kolkata and optimise the overall solid waste collection process.

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Beck, Ceres Grehs, and Josiete Da Silva Mendes. "Desafios das administrações municipais na implementação da Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos: o caso do Curimataú Paraibano." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 37 (December 21, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n37p42-52.

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<p>The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) set out by the 12.305/2010 law defines changes regarding the collection and disposal of solid waste in Brazil, as well as the construction of landfills which should have brought the “public dumps”to an end until 2014. In order to understand the challenges faced by municipal governments in implementing the PNRS, interviews were conducted with eight mayors of the Paraiba Curimataú Region and two technicians from the Brazilian Institute of Environment. After analyzing the speeches, it was found that none of the municipality implemented the required landfill. Despite knowing about the Law 12.305, they pointed out the need to prioritize other claims and argued that the population should also be aware of the problem. Other challenges are related to the lack of their own existing resources and the need to receive financial and technical support from other government levels</p>

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Elamin, Omer Abbass, Abdelelah Mohamed Elhassan, Abdelgadir Elfadil Abdelgadir, and Mariam Hamdan Ahmed. "Assessment of the Physiochemical Characteristics of Water Samples from Vicinity Area of Wadafiae Landfill, Khartoum North, Sudan." Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution 3, no. 1 (February 20, 2023): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/tasp.v3i1.177.

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The rapid increase in population, urbanization, industrialization, and changes in consumption patterns have given rise to many environmental problems, which mainly include air, land, and water pollution. In Khartoum North, Khartoum State, Sudan, there was a lack of a compatible solid waste management system. These resulted in a decline in environmental health, and the majority of the yards were turned into dumps (kusha). The current study focused on the effects of uncontrolled dumping of municipal solid waste on groundwater, as well as assessing the risk of physiochemical concentrations in the water around the dumpsite and comparing the differences between the dry and rainy seasons in water samples at Wadafiea Dumpsite, Khartoum North, Sudan. Water parameters such as TSS, Cl⁻, TDS, Ca, Mg, SAR, and Na exceeded the controlled 1 (1.333) and 2 (1.332) levels of water and were within the Sudanese Maximum Values, the bounds of Canadian Guideline Values, and WHO Values.

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Sohkhlet, Daniella, and Shekhar Nagargoje. "Municipal Solid Waste Management: A comparative study between Sydney (Australia) and Pune (India)." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017004001.

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As rapid urbanization continues to take place, with a projected 68% of the world’s population expected to live in cities by 2050 according to the UN, waste management in proximity to human settlements poses problematic. Although waste generation and failure of its management is seen as a huge problem in developing cities, wealthier cities generate more waste than less affluent cities, and thus waste management is a crucial issue in developed as well as developing cities for obvious ecological reasons and for sustainability. However, while collection of waste by high GDP cities is more frequent than collection in low GDP cities, it does not imply that the issue of waste management has been resolved. A significant portion of the world still dumps its waste in landfills. Furthermore, it is projected that by 2025, lower middle-income groups will produce the most amounts of waste, while high-income groups are expected to generate the second largest amount of waste. Accordingly, it is important to understand methods of collection and disposal of solid waste carried out by cites varying in GDP and HDI to combat the issue of waste management through landfills for the purpose of creating a sustainable future. This paper is a study of existing waste management methods implemented by the governing bodies of selected cities and progress towards future policies that these governing bodies have laid out. Comparisons of existing problems faced by each city, collection methods and coverage, recycle coverage and rates, unique waste management approaches, and plans to tackle waste are carried out. The analysis can thus serve as a reference for emerging cities lacking resources that can adapt strategies described, as well as for established cities that can easily adopt certain measures to safeguard their respective ecologies and take steps towards sustainability.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Municipal solid dumps'

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