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Kanjilal, Mahananda. "Municipal Finance of West Bengal." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3569–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43062.
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Abstract: Urban local bodies ( ULBs) are statutorily responsible to deal with urban problems. The primary rationale of ULBs is provisioning of civic amenities to residents in the area under their jurisdiction. Increased urbanization creates demand for more and more civic services which are provided by the ULBs under fiscal stress. The objective of the proposed work is to undertake a study of the financial structure of ULBs of West Bengal and understand its implications for provisioning of municipal facilities for the period 2001-02, 2007-08 and 2013-14. This will include the analysis of the pattern of disbursements and receipts of ULBs at the state and district levels. This is followed by analysis of the components of receipts and disbursements. It has been found from the analysis of municipal finance that ULBs of West Bengal are not being able to generate sufficient revenue. The dependence on grants reflects the inability of ULBs to generate sufficient own source income. The provisioning of municipal services are also not at a desired level. The burden of unproductive expenditure and poor quality of municipal services are also found. West Bengal has implemented more or less all the provisions of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act But effective functioning and efficient administration are needed for overall improvement in the governance of ULBs. Keywords: Municipality, Finance, Urban local bodies, Revenue, Expenditure JEL codes: H2, H7, H71,H72,H75, H76
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Romero-Subia, José Fernando, Juan Antonio Jimber-del Rio, María Salomé Ochoa-Rico, and Arnaldo Vergara-Romero. "Analysis of Citizen Satisfaction in Municipal Services." Economies 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10090225.
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Citizen demand for quality public services is increasing, and improvements in the provision of public services affect citizen satisfaction and loyalty. This research is to evaluate citizens’ loyalty to municipal officials on the quality of public services provided by the municipality. The measurement is made through a household-level survey, with a sample of 428 valid questionnaires, in a rural parish of Tengel in Guayaquil, following the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI). This study used the Warp-PLS 7.0 software with a structural equation model to evaluate the seven hypotheses raised. A new component is included in this research: the effect of perceived quality in the provision of municipal services in rural areas on the value ratio perceived by the citizen and overall satisfaction. The results obtained allowed us to observe that the loyalty of the citizen to the elected municipal officials depends on citizen satisfaction with the public services provided by the municipal administration in rural areas. In addition, the quality perceived by the citizen modulates at different levels the relationships between the perceived value and the citizen satisfaction. Areas of improvement in the provision of public services such as municipal police, firefighters, veterinary services, parking services and address information were identified. The findings would allow local public administrators to take action to improve the services provided in rural areas in order to maintain the loyalty of citizens.
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Cestau, Dario, Burton Hollifield, Dan Li, and Norman Schürhoff. "Municipal Bond Markets." Annual Review of Financial Economics 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110118-123034.
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The effective functioning of the municipal bond market is crucial for the provision of public services, as it is the largest capital market for state and municipal issuers. Prior research has documented tax, credit, liquidity, and segmentation effects in municipal bonds. Recent regulatory initiatives to improve transparency have made granular trade data available to researchers, rendering the municipal bond market a natural laboratory for the study of financial intermediation, asset pricing in decentralized markets, and local public finance. Trade-by-trade studies have found large trading costs, contemporaneous price dispersion, and other deviations from the law of one price. More research is required to understand optimal market design and the impact of post-crisis regulation, sustainability, and financial technology.
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Kulisek, Larry, and Trevor Price. "Ontario Municipal Policy Affecting Local Autonomy: A Case Study Involving Windsor and Toronto." Articles 16, no. 3 (August 7, 2013): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017734ar.
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During the first great burst of urban growth in Canada from the beginning of the 20th century and on into the 1920s it was generally the municipalities, either singly or collectively, which fostered policy innovation and new services. Provinces generally did little at that time, either to foster new policies or rein in local autonomy. It was only after the economic setbacks of the depression and a renewed spirit of urban development after 1945 that provincial direction over municipalities became much more significant. This paper is a case study of two major policy crises which threatened the viability of the whole municipal system in Ontario. In the 1930s the Border Cities (Metropolitan Windsor) faced bankruptcy and economic collapse and placed in jeopardy the credit of the province. In the early 1950s the inability of Metropolitan Toronto to create area-wide solutions to severe servicing problems threatened to stall the main engine of provincial growth. The case study demonstrates how a reluctant provincial government intervened to create new metropolitan arrangements for the two areas and accompanied this with a greatly expanded structure of provincial oversight including a strengthened Ontario Municipal Board and a specific department to handle municipal affairs. The objective of the policy was to bolster local government rather than to narrow municipal autonomy.
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Bakker, Karen, and David Cameron. "Governance, business models and restructuring water supply utilities: recent developments in Ontario, Canada." Water Policy 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0029.
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Many municipal governments are currently confronted with the need to restructure water supply systems. This paper examines how municipalities are restructuring water supply utility management in the province of Ontario (Canada), which has recently experienced significant and rapid legislative and regulatory reform in the water sector. The paper analyses restructuring in six different municipalities (Hamilton, Kingston, Peel, Peterborough, Toronto and York). It identifies six distinct business models adopted as an outcome of the restructuring process (delegated management to a private operator, corporatization of services provision, delegated management to a public operator, a municipal commission, a municipal ‘business unit’ and a municipal department) and examines the different approaches to governance adopted during the restructuring process. The case study is conceptualized through a discussion of the governance and restructuring challenges faced by municipalities. As municipalities are often confronted with a bewildering array of business models, governance frameworks and contract types when engaging in a review of restructuring options, the paper situates the analysis of the Ontario case within a general survey of business models for networked water supply. The paper concludes with a discussion of “lessons learnt” relevant to municipalities and higher orders of government when engaging in restructuring of networked water supply provision.
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HOLTZ-EAKIN, DOUGLAS. "UNOBSERVED TASTES AND THE DETERMINATION OF MUNICIPAL SERVICES." National Tax Journal 39, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ntj41788631.
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Durbin, Janet, Elizabeth Lin, and Natalia Zaslavska. "Police-Citizen Encounters That Involve Mental Health Concerns: Results of an Ontario Police Services Survey." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 29, S5 (January 1, 2010): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2010-0034.
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The present study surveyed police services in Ontario to learn about changes in volume of contacts with persons with mental illness and use of pre-arrest diversion practices between 2003 and 2007, when significant new funding was provided to community mental health services. Participants included 37 municipal services (54% of services serving 92% of provincial population) and the Ontario Provincial Police. Findings indicated a trend of increasing police encounters with persons with mental illness. Police services had a range of diversion practices in place although actual implementation was lower. Some of these practices were implemented after 2005, coinciding with the entry of the new resources, although other system activities during that period also promoted police-mental health system collaboration and pre-arrest diversion. Police service ability to report data improved over the study period, but common reporting practices are lacking. Continuing work to create a provincial standardized database of police-citizen encounter data would facilitate efforts to better understand when and how diversion practices are implemented and with what results.
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Dvojmoč, Miha, and Bojan Tičar. "Analysis of Legal Powers of Municipal Wardens they Possess to Ensure Safety At the Local Level." DANUBE 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2022-0002.
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Abstract In Slovenia, the Municipal Warden Services Act (ZORed, 2006, and ZORed-A, 2017) represents the framework organisational legal act regulating the field of work of municipal wardens. In addition to the above act, the field of work and tasks performed by municipal wardens are also regulated by other laws and by-laws. Legal regulations enable and allow authorised persons of municipal warden services to use repressive powers in ensuring security. The article thus presents the security powers of municipal wardens from the point of view of the applicable Slovenian legal order. The article is a scientific review based on grammatical and dogmatic interpretation of applicable legal regulations and selected decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, and on an analytical method of the review of the Slovenian legislation in the field in question. The legal methods used by the author also include a synthetic method of comparing the legislation from the underlying Municipal Warden Services Act (ZORed, 2006) and its main amendments set out in the ZORed-A (2017). The paper is a comprehensive review of measures that municipal wardens may use to ensure safety at the local level. The author lists the relevant scientific and professional literature and argues about polemic issues with other prominent Slovenian authors. In Slovenia, laws are being amended, giving more and more powers to municipal wardens. The conceptual changes introduced by the ZORed-A (2017) have resolved some ambiguities, such as the addition/amendment of articles relating to the conditions for performing municipal warden tasks and supervision over their use, but a comprehensive and systematic amendment of municipal warden services legislation would nevertheless be useful.
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BRAZER, HARVEY E., and THERESE A. McCARTY. "INTERACTION BETWEEN DEMAND FOR EDUCATION AND FOR MUNICIPAL SERVICES." National Tax Journal 40, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ntj41788695.
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Lyons, Joseph. "Local Government Structure and the Co-ordination of Economic Development Policy." Canadian Journal of Political Science 48, no. 1 (March 2015): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423915000220.
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AbstractThis paper explores how local government structure affects policy co-ordination. It compares the delivery of economic development services in two Ontario cities. In London, a specialized agency is the lead, but lacks full functional control, while in Hamilton policy control is consolidated in a single municipal department. The findings support the hypothesis of those who argue in favour of general-purpose governments, as the municipal hierarchy in Hamilton was instrumental in achieving policy co-ordination. Proponents of specialization argue that it limits the need for co-ordination between governments but, as the London case demonstrates, this logic breaks down when there are too many players with too few responsibilities.
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BANDYOPADHYAY, SATI P., and JENNIFER L. KAO. "Competition and Big 6 Brand Name Reputation: Evidence from the Ontario Municipal Audit Market*." Contemporary Accounting Research 18, no. 1 (March 2001): 27–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1506/jwfm-24f5-2kqg-av37.
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Zerihun, Mulatu F., and Mariann P. Mashigo. "Municipal Services and Financial Performance of Three Metropolitan Municipalities in South Africa." Indian Journal of Finance 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2022/v16i12/172570.
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Schiele, Joseph J. "Meaningful involvement of municipal purchasing departments in the procurement of consulting services: Case studies from Ontario, Canada." Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management 11, no. 1 (January 2005): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2005.04.001.
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Sedmihradská, Lucie. "Inter-Municipal Cooperation in the Czech Republic: A Public Finance Perspective." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0017.
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Abstract Inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) in the Czech Republic is common and flexible and is generally viewed as a means to reduce problems related to the highly fragmented local government structure. The paper utilizes financial and accounting data of public entities to evaluate the character and magnitude of inter-municipal cooperation in the Czech Republic. It concludes that the extent of public services provided based on the service contracts or through institutionalized forms of IMC is quite limited and that the majority of the IMC is somewhat informal and soft , e.g. exchange of experience and ad-hoc projects.
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THORNTON, DANIEL B. "Discussion of "Competition and Big 6 Brand Name Reputation: Evidence from the Ontario Municipal Audit Market"." Contemporary Accounting Research 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1506/ktqy-pweu-1d98-7dkv.
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Ready, Robert. "Commentary: A Canadian Perspective on Services Negotiations." Global Economy Journal 5, no. 4 (December 7, 2005): 1850060. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1147.
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A commentary on J. Robert Vastine's article "Services Negotiations in the Doha Round: Promise and Reality." Robert Ready is Director, Services Trade Policy Division in the Department of International Trade Canada. He manages the team responsible for the conduct of Canada’s international trade policy in the area of services (multilateral, regional and bilateral), including the coordination of consultations, analysis, and negotiations. Prior to his assignment with International Trade Canada, Ready held a number of other positions in the public sector, including with Industry Canada, Investment Canada, the Department of Western Economic Diversification Canada, the Government of Saskatchewan and the Canadian House of Commons. He received a B.A. (Hons) in History and a Masters in Public Administration (MPA) from Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario.
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Ofiarska, Małgorzata. "The Scope of Public Services Performed by Municipal Local Governments in the Republic of Poland Through Budgetary Establishments." Public Governance, Administration and Finances Law Review 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53116/pgaflr.2018.2.4.
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The Act of 27 August 2009 on public finance – which entered into force on 1 January 2010 – and its later amendments have brought about significant changes in the scope of public services performed by the commune’s self-governments through budgetary establishments. The key change has been the limitation of these services, which triggered the necessity to implement new organizational methods and new financing solutions for public services hitherto carried out by budgetary establishments. Local government authorities were forced to choose between three organizational forms and three different ways of financing of the said services. At present, public services in a commune can be carried out through: a budgetary unit (a form most closely linked to the commune’s budget), a budgetary establishment (a form indirectly linked to the commune’s budget) and a municipal corporation (a form that in fact assumes full commercialization of public services).The aim of the paper is to analyse and evaluate relevant legislation, judicial practice of courts and regional accounting chambers, as well as the doctrine of local government law and public finance law regarding the scope of public services that can be financed through budgetary establishments. The hypothesis that the legislator’s implementation of new legal regulations since 2010 has led to implementation of more effective management methods with regard to public services and management of public finance allocated to these services was proven to be right. The legislator’s act of giving local government authorities relative freedom as to the choice of organizational and legal forms through which public services will be performed is tantamount to expecting that the authorities shall perform their tasks rationally. The leading method applied in the paper was the dogmatic and legal method, supported by the empirical and analytical method (in particular with regard to the judicial practice of courts and regional accounting chambers).
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Worku, Zeleke. "The impact of poor quality municipal services on small enterprises." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 3 (September 23, 2016): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(3-1).2016.14.
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A survey was conducted (2012 to 2014) in the City of Tshwane in order to assess and evaluate determinants of adequate municipal services that are routinely provided to operators of start-up business enterprises. Data used in the report come from 1.058 small businesses. The aim of research is to assess and evaluate the relationship between the quality of services and sustained viability in small business enterprises. The study was conducted against the background of a high failure rate among newly established small businesses in the City of Tshwane. The study showed that there was a significant association between positive perception of business operators on the quality of municipal services provided to them and viability of businesses. The percentage of viable business enterprises that were satisfied with the quality of services provided to them was 87%. The percentage of non-viable business enterprises that were satisfied with the quality of services provided to them was only 13%. Profitability in business enterprises was significantly affected by lack of capacity for fulfilling the business and entrepreneurial needs of newly established businesses [hazard ratio = 3.58; P = 0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.45, 5.46)], inappropriate policy [hazard ratio = 3.19; P = 0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.39, 5.28)], and lack of tailor made training programs directed at newly established small businesses [hazard ratio = 2.89; P = 0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.24, 4.77)]. In-depth interviews conducted with business operators led to similar findings. Keywords: city of Tshwane, small businesses, municipal services, perception, hazard ratio. JEL Classification: L26, H7, L8
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Lategan, Louis, Juaneé Cilliers, Zinea Huston, Nadia Blaauw, and Sarel Cilliers. "Economic Assessment of South African Urban Green Spaces Using the Proximity Principle: Municipal Valuation vs. Market Value." Urban Planning 6, no. 4 (October 14, 2021): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i4.4407.
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<p>Urban green spaces (UGSs) deliver ecosystem services and potential economic benefits like increases in proximate residential property prices. The proximity principle (PP) premises that property prices increase as distance to UGS decreases. The PP has generally been confirmed by studies using municipal valuations and market values internationally. Conversely, South African studies have mostly employed municipal valuations and results have rejected the PP. There is an accepted interrelationship, but also often discrepancies, between municipal valuations and market values, presenting scope for this article to explore whether negative results are confirmed when market values replace municipal valuations in PP studies in the South African context. Accordingly, a statistical analysis of market values is completed in the Potchefstroom case study, where five test sites are replicated from studies that employed municipal valuations for longitudinal comparison. Results verify generally higher market values than municipal valuations and confirm the PP in two, but reject the PP in three, of five test sites. Previous studies employing municipal valuations in the case study confirmed the PP in one instance, thus presenting certain, but limited, inconsistencies between findings based on municipal valuation vs. market value. Results suggest that the market’s willingness to pay for UGS proximity is sensitive to the ecosystem services and disservices rendered by specific UGS, but not significantly more than reflected in municipal valuations. Overall, findings underscore the need to protect and curate features that encourage willingness to pay for UGS proximity to increase municipal valuations and property taxes to help finance urban greening.</p>
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Chowdhury, Priya, and Gopa Samanta. "Municipal Financing and Infrastructure: A Critical Analysis of the Cities in West Bengal." Space and Culture, India 9, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v9i3.1225.
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Cities, acting as engines of economic growth and generators of public finance for development, will usher in an urban revolution in the developing world. Such an urban revolution is sure to bring in opportunities to millions through the increasing level of urbanisation. This rising trend of urbanisation coupled with the increasing functional responsibilities of the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) has been creating serious problems for the provision and financing of urban infrastructure. The resource crunch at each level of government in general, and the local level in particular, has instigated the need for analysing the causes behind such adverse state of municipal finance. Against this background, this paper attempts to evaluate the state of municipal finance in West Bengal by performing a comparative analysis of relevant indices. Acknowledging the potential of municipal finances in improving the delivery of basic services, the present study uses secondary data to demonstrate that the higher availability of essential urban services is associated with higher levels of revenue generation. This study presents a spatial and town class-based pattern analysis of the finances of ULBs of West Bengal in terms of their financial base, its adequacy, and their revenue and expenditure performance. The main thrust of this study is to examine the patterns of finances in ULBs in West Bengal and to present a comparative picture thereof along with per capita analysis of revenue and expenditure components based on size categories of the ULBs.
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Noble, E. J. "Entrepreneurship and Nineteenth Century Urban Growth: A Case Study of Orillia, Ontario, 1867-1898." Urban History Review 9, no. 1 (November 8, 2013): 64–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019350ar.
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This article examines the role local decision-makers played in the development of Orillia. This small Ontario community exhibited as high a degree of boosterism as that found in much larger centres, and the economic growth of the town was primarily the result of growth strategies pursued by Orillia's entrepreneurial decision-makers. Although this group implemented a variety of successful growth strategies, this study concentrates on two of the most important. First, the businessmen supported a progressive railway policy which brought two competing lines to the community. This action enlarged the town's hinterland and enabled local businessmen to utilize a diverse pattern of buying and selling. Second, the entrepreneurs used the municipal corporation to finance the construction of North America's first municipally owned hydro-electric power system. This development enabled the town to successfully make the transition from a declining commercial centre to a small manufacturing town.
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АНДРЕЯНОВА, Надежда Николаевна, and Лариса Владимировна НАУМОВА. "TO THE ISSUE OF THE CONCEPT OF THE STATE TASK AS A FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT IN THE SPHERE OF EDUCATION AND ITS LEGAL REGULATION." Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 17, no. 1(63) (March 31, 2021): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2021.1.16.
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The financial provision of state and municipal services is being actively improved at the legislative level, and therefore is the subject of interest of jurisprudence and economics, which determines the relevance of the chosen topic. Purpose: to study scientific literature on the theoretical foundations of the concept of «finance», and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation related to the concepts of «financing» and «state task» for disclosing the concepts of financial provision of state and municipal services in the sphere of education. Methods: the authors use the empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation, legal-dogmatic and as well as the method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: the authors’ interpretation of the concept of «state task» is given, it is concluded that the state task is a financial instrument in the budgetary sphere.
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Thavam, Thaksha, Rose Anne Devlin, Amardeep Thind, Gregory S. Zaric, and Sisira Sarma. "The impact of the diabetes management incentive on diabetes-related services: evidence from Ontario, Canada." European Journal of Health Economics 21, no. 9 (July 16, 2020): 1279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-020-01216-6.
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Soukopová, Jana, and Daniel Klimovský. "Local Governments and Local Waste Management in the Czech Republic: Producers or Providers?" NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nispa-2016-0021.
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AbstractLocal governments are responsible for the delivery of a large variety of very different public services. The article is focused on two issues: 1) we try to discover whether the local governments in the Czech Republic prefer to be “producers” or “providers” of the waste-collection services; 2) we test and compare the efficiency of “production” and the efficiency of “provision”, and for this purpose we take into account various factors, inter alia inter-municipal cooperation, the existence of hybrid organizations, economies of scale etc. A main goal is to find out what the local governments in the Czech Republic prefer if they decide on the delivery of local services linked to waste management and what factors are the most important ones from the perspective of their potential influence on efficiency. Concerning the data, we analyse linked open data on municipal solid waste expenditure collected by the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic and data relating to features of waste collection obtained via a questionnaire-based survey which was carried out at the turn of 2015 – 2016. The results of the presented analysis show a clear relationship of dependence between the inter-municipal cooperation and the relevant costs, and it confirms the assumption that the Czech local governments undoubtedly prefer the position of “providers” in the field of the local waste management. Paradoxically, the results show that neither internal nor external provision of waste-collection services is a key factor of cost-efficiency.
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Shai, Taola Simon, Zeleke Worku, and Mammo Muchie. "Fiscal Discipline and the Successful Completion of Municipal Projects: The Case of City of Tshwane." Enterprise Risk Management 5, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/erm.v5i1.15214.
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Kaiser, Crother, Kelly, Luiselli, O’Shea, Ota, Passos, Schleip and Wuster (2013) have shown the relationship between fiscal discipline and the successful completion of municipal projects in Sub-Saharan African countries. The study aims to assess and evaluate the degree of fiscal discipline exercised by employees of the City of Tshwane on municipal finance. Financial practitioners working in the City of Tshwane are required to comply with regulations and guidelines stipulated in the South African Municipal Finance Management Act (Act number 56 of 2003). Data was collected from a stratified random sample of 146 employees of the City of Tshwane who were responsible for providing financial services to customers. Data was collected by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study. Statistical methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses and ordered probit regression were used for performing data analyses. Efficiency in financial management was assessed by assessing the degree of adherence of employees to the Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) based on a composite index defined by Kaiser, Crother, Kelly, Luiselli, O’Shea, Ota, Passos, Schleip & Wuster (2013). The study showed that 89% of the 146 employees who were selected for the study demonstrated adequate adherence to the Act, whereas 11% of employees failed to do so by the same standards. The study found that the degree of adherence of employees to the MFMA was significantly influenced by 3 factors. These 3 factors were degree of skills in financial accounting and auditing, duration of service, and degree of job satisfaction, in a decreasing order of strength. The results indicated a robust association between fiscal discipline and the successful completion of municipal projects.
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Pattinasarany, Yohanes. "Responsibilities of Regency/Municipal Governments in Managing Basic Education Affairs." SASI 28, no. 1 (April 14, 2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v28i1.751.
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Introduction: The handover of basic education affairs by the central government to regencies/municipalities, raises the responsibility of district/city local governments to manage basic education affairs in order to provide quality basic education to local community members.Purposes of the Research: Analyze the form of responsibility for the district/city government in managing basic education affairs.Methods of the Research: The writing method used is normative law, by reviewing positive legal provisions, legal principles, legal principles and legal doctrines in order to build legal arguments related to the substance under study.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that the form of responsibility of the district/city government in managing government affairs in the field of basic education involves administration, institutions, finance, and facilities and infrastructure, and so on through government policies and legal actions as well as government services in the field of basic education to fulfill the rights of every citizen. citizens to obtain quality basic education services as a basis for continuing to secondary education and higher education. Neglect of the implementation of the said responsibility can be held legally responsible through accountability.
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Ndlovu, Lamlile, and Maxwell Agabu Phiri. "Governance of the municipal services to the population: The case of an emerging economy." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i4art11.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate farming community perceptions and expectations of quality of extension services rendered by the Department of Agriculture and Environmental Affairs (DAEA) within the uMngungundlovu District Municipality. In order to achieve the article’s objective, the researcher used a SERVQUAL questionnaire and collected and analyzed the data using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results have shown that the customers perceive that they receive superior service from the extension staff. However the negative differences need to be eliminated to exceed the expectations of customers
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Hendriks, CJ. "Municipal financing for sustainable development: A case of South Africa." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 33, no. 7 (November 2018): 757–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094218811799.
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This article explores the financing of the sustainable development goals through the budget process with the aim of achieving sustainable development. Existing theory points out that local government budgets play an important role in pro-poor service delivery. However, underfunding can be seen across all areas in South Africa, resulting in municipalities that cannot function properly and look after the needs of their inhabitants. Based on a study of selected municipalities in South Africa, this paper tries to answer the question of whether municipalities allocate and spend their financial resources to pursue the 17 sustainable development goals. The findings indicate that as the medium for achieving the sustainable development goals, the focus of local government budgets has to shift from merely providing basic services to creating and facilitating an environment suitable for achieving sustainable development. If the emphasis of municipal spending does not change, governments will find it difficult to achieve the sustainable development goals.
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Marques, Ana, and Ana Pinto. "Procurement Practices and the Municipality Auditing Market." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 34, no. 4 (March 13, 2018): 524–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x18761294.
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In this study, we perform a comprehensive analysis of municipal auditing, exploring its several steps: procurement, decision on selection criteria, selection, render and payment of services, and opinion provided. Our setting is Portugal, where external auditing of municipalities’ accounts has recently been introduced. Our dataset is unique, resulting from merging new survey data with data that are not publicly available. We find that the majority of municipalities acquire auditing services through direct selection and choose their auditors based upon the lowest price selection criterion. However, municipalities which employ a more sophisticated procurement process, where political competition is lower and where citizens’ interest is higher, employ the lowest price selection criterion less frequently. The auditor selected is usually a firm (instead of an individual Certified Public Accounting [CPA]) but never one of the Big 4 companies. The audit fee paid for the auditing services is higher when the level of citizens’ interest increases, and lower when the municipality has an internal auditing office. Finally, when the auditor issues a qualified opinion, the auditor fee is also higher.
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Pooe, Solly, Zeleke Worku, and Enslin Van Rooyen. "The impact of Tailor-Made skills based training programmes on the performance of municipalities: The case of the city of Tshwane." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i4art4.
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Various South African municipalities are under close scrutiny due to widespread protests over poor quality of municipal services. Prior studies that examined situations in municipalities recommend training and development as the most apposite strategic tool for raising municipal performance. This study aimed to determine whether there is a statistically significant association between the provision of adequate training and development programmes and satisfactory performance at municipal level. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses were used in the study in which data was collected from n=131 respondents (119 questionnaires + 12 in-depth interviews). Purposive sampling was used for selecting eligible respondents. The results showed that 49% of respondents have had past training opportunities. The percentage of employees with satisfactory performance was equal to 52%. The study found a significant association between the provision of training and development programmes and satisfactory performance among municipal employees. At the 5% level of significance, the results show that inadequate performance was significantly associated with lack of training opportunities, low level of formal education, and lack of job satisfaction, in a decreasing order of strength. A model has been proposed for ensuring adequate performance by municipal employees, and for monitoring and evaluating progress on a quarterly basis.
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Zimmerman, Kari. "The Public Good and the Brazilian State: Municipal Finance and Public Services in São Paulo, 1822–1930." Hispanic American Historical Review 101, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 717–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-9366831.
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Erzhenin, R. V. "Classification of Professional Software for the Public Finance Management." Vestnik NSU. Series: Information Technologies 17, no. 4 (2019): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7900-2019-17-4-5-57-65.
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In the context of the development of new digital public administration and the transition from workstations to digital platforms, the task of systematizing knowledge about professional software (ProSW) used in state and municipal institutions is becoming urgent. One of the approaches to the systematization of information about software is its typification and classification. To solve this problem, the author chose from open Internet sources and analyzed the main characteristics of leading Russian vendors that supply their software products for public finance management, including such well-known brands as Firma 1C, Parus Corporation, NPO Krista and a number of others. Based on the analysis of the data submitted by the vendors of the descriptions of their ProSW, the article first proposed its typification and various classification, including with respect to the ownership of ProSW. The proposed structuring of information on the software for financial management can be used for registering software in the Unified Register of Russian Programs and in standardized lists of goods, works and services that are purchased by customers in order to meet state and municipal needs, including the comparative assessment of the cost of the same type of software. The author concludes that the architecture of the universally used ProSW is not sufficiently effective due to the use of outdated approaches to system design. The results of the study can be used to expand the knowledge of students in higher educational institutions in areas related to public administration, IT management and software development.
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Rode, Sanjay. "Financial Autonomy for Financing Capital Expenditure of Local Body: A Case Study of Ulhasnagar Municipal Corporation, India." Sumerianz Journal of Economics and Finance, no. 51 (January 20, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjef.51.1.19.
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Every municipal corporation must increase revenue and capital receipts.The surplus in budgets are important to finance capital expenditure. But the revenue receipts of Ulhasnagar Municipal Corporation have declined over the period of time. An interest receipts on taxes have declined sharply. The corporation is not able to spend more on various infrastructural facilities.Various expenditure such as expenditure on postage, street light, payment of staff has been reduced by corporation. The road maintenance, public notices, drainage repairing related expenditure also reduced by corporation over the period of time. The capital receipts have also declined of corporation. The development projects under JNNURM , MP funds various grants have declined very fast. Capital expenditure on slums, housing infrastructure, water supply has declined in corporation in current period. The municipal corporation must raise capital through issuing municipal bonds. It will help to raise capital for civic services investment in corporation. Such efforts can be very helpful to provide quality infrastructure facilities to people. People will able to increase standard of living and quality of life in corporation.
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Zweni, A., B. Yan, and LB Juta. "The Malady of Perpetual Municipal-finance Mismanagement: Designing a Leadership Framework as a Panacea." African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2022/v12n1a9.
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The post-1994 new democratic government had an obligation to address the social injustices that the apartheid government enacted. These injustices were to be addressed by municipalities in combination with the national and provincial government. Municipalities in South Africa are to provide critical services to the citizens. Apart from political turmoil and instability in South African municipalities, research suggests that administrators lack knowledge of financial management. This has negatively affected how financial resources are managed, thus affecting service delivery. It has resulted in some municipalities being placed under administration by the provincial governments. Thus, this study aimed to develop a conceptual framework for effectively managing ever-eroding municipal finances in South Africa. This study adopted a qualitative research approach by looking into the key factors affecting leadership and financial management in municipalities to develop a leadership framework. This study contributed to a solid understanding of the need for change in the municipality's existing financial management activities and long-term viability. Furthermore, once the conceptual structure is implemented appropriately, it can assist South African municipalities and African countries in managing their finances effectively and ultimately improve their service delivery.
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Camparano, Alessandra, and Joanna Masic. "Municipal asset management in China’s small cities and towns: Findings and strategies ahead." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v2i1.161.
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Chinese municipalities have developed a large stock of capital assets during a period of rapid growth and urbanization, but have yet to modernize asset management practices. Cities face challenges such as premature decline of fixed assets and spiking liabilities related to operating and maintaining assets. This paper evaluates the asset management practices in three selected small cities and towns in China, using a benchmarking assessment tool followed by an in-depth field assessment. The paper finds that overall performance is below half the international benchmark for good practice in all three cities. Management practices are considerably more advanced for land than for buildings and infrastructure. Key deficiencies in data availability and reporting, governance, capacity, and financial management indicate increased risks for local government finance and the delivery of public services. For small cities and towns where public revenues are often uncertain and limited, urban public services will be at risk of deterioration unless good asset management practices are put in place. The paper recommends strategic actions for upper and lower levels of government, to advance local asset management practices and facilitate the reform agenda.
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Gadenne, Lucie. "Tax Me, but Spend Wisely? Sources of Public Finance and Government Accountability." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 274–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20150509.
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Existing evidence suggests that extra grant revenues lead to little improvements in public services in developing countries—but would governments spend tax revenues differently? This paper considers a program that invests in the tax capacity of Brazilian municipalities. Using variations in the timing of program uptake, I find that it raises local tax revenues and that the increase in taxes is used to improve both the quantity and quality of municipal education infrastructure. In contrast, increases in grants over which municipalities have the same discretion as taxes have no impact on any measure of local public infrastructure. These results suggest that the way governments are financed matters: governments spend increases in tax revenues more toward expenditures that benefit citizens than increases in grant revenues. (JEL H71, H75, H76, I21, I22, O15, R51)
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Wolniak, Radosław, and Izabela Jonek-Kowalska. "The Creative Services Sector in Polish Cities." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010017.
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The creative services sector plays an important and constantly growing role in the modern economy. This publication presents the results of extensive research on the functioning of the creative sector in Polish cities, conducted on a representative sample of 287 cities located throughout Poland. The sample was good in such a way as to maintain the structure by province. The survey included questions rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The aim of the research was to study the functioning of the creative sector in Polish cities and to determine whether the active involvement of public administration in its development has a positive impact on this sector. The research was carried out on the example of a medium-sized European country, which is Poland. The original contribution of the authors of the publication is to demonstrate, on a large research sample, the existence of a positive impact of the municipal office’s activities on the creative sector for example using special funds to boost creativity sector in the city, and to ascertain the existence of a linear relationship between the city size and the level of the creative sector functioning in it.
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Naraidoo, Sanju, and Sanjeev K. Sobhee. "Citizens’ Perceptions of Local Government Services and Their Trust in Local Authorities: Implications for Local Government in Mauritius." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 15, no. 3 (July 28, 2021): 353–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09738010211010515.
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The linkage between local perceptions of municipal services and the level of trust in the local government is an under-researched and yet relevant aspect for a small multi-ethnic island like Mauritius. This research draws from the opinions of some 400 Mauritian inhabitants gathered through a Citizens’ Satisfaction Survey carried out in 2018 to evaluate the attitudes of citizens towards local government services and trigger further research on future options for improving the local government sector. The results from a structural equation modelling (SEM) indicate that satisfaction with local outputs is a significant predictor of trust in local authorities. Trust in public institutions is also found to be a possible mediator in this nexus. Further probing into citizens’ responses reveals that their preferences for local public goods differ across jurisdictions and vary with level of education. Findings also point to a tendency for citizen mobility which can have important implications for improving local services through fiscal decentralisation. JEL Classification: H1, H3, H4
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Winter, Michael, and Fanan Ujoh. "A Review of Institutional Frameworks & Financing Arrangements for Waste Management in Nigerian Cities." Urban Studies and Public Administration 3, no. 2 (May 18, 2020): p21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v3n2p21.
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Nigeria is rapidly urbanizing and is forecasted to become the 3rd most urbanized nation by 2100. Expectedly, the rapid urbanization presents challenges in many areas including the management of municipal services such as solid waste. This yawning failure is reflected in the poor quality of waste services across Nigerian cities. The study reviewed municipal waste management governance and institutional frameworks, and financing arrangements in two major cities in the North-western and south-eastern parts of Nigeria—Kano and Enugu cities. Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) using a number of structured questions checklist were conducted for the Heads of Government institutions responsible for waste management, Public Appropriation/Budget and Finance Units, as well as other key stakeholders including waste generators (residents and business owners), waste pickers and informal waste recyclers, and waste service providers. Additional, existing policy frameworks and infrastructure financing were reviewed. The findings reveal institutional and policy inadequacies, financing limitations, technical incapacity, infrastructural inadequacies, and socio-economic and attitudinal barriers, that collectively impede effective and efficient waste management service delivery in both cities. The assumption is that the findings of this study reflects the status in many Nigerian cities.
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Zhao, Biao, and Kaiyong Wang. "The Differences between County, County-level City and Municipal District in the System of Administrative Divisions in China." Journal of Geographical Research 5, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v5i1.3739.
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Administrative division is an important means of political power reorganization and management, resource integration and optimal allocation, which profoundly shapes the spatial layout of urban development in China. To clarify and compare differences between counties, county-level cities and municipal districts is the primary premise for the study of administrative division and urban development. This paper analyzes the institutional differences between counties and county-level cities, as well as counties, county-level cities and municipal districts, from the aspects of organizational structure, urban construction planning, land management, finance, taxation and public services. The research shows that the establishment of counties, county-level cities and municipal districts adapt to different levels and stages of economic and social development,and the conversion from county to county-level city and the conversion from county (or county-level city) to municipal district are both important transformation ways to change their administrative systems, which has different management system and operation pattern. At the same time, the transformation of county-level administrative region is also a “double-edged sword”, we should think about the administrative system as a whole to decide whether it should be adjusted, and effectively respond to the actual needs of local economic and social development.
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Anjum, Zulqarnain Hussain. "New Local Government System: A Step Towards Community Empowerment?" Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 4II (December 1, 2001): 845–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i4iipp.845-867.
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Failure of the central/provincial governments to adequately capture local preferences and provide basic services strengthened the case for a new local government system for delivery of public services along with the authority to impose fees, taxes, user charges, etc. to finance these services. The new System aims at transferring political, administrative and fiscal powers1 from higher tiers of the government to lower tiers (Figure 1) in order to bring governments closer to common citizens for greater accountability and better understanding of the needs and preferences of people. National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB) was entrusted the task of designing a local government system which presented its first blue print in the form of “Devolution Plan 2000”. As a result of this exercise a new Local Government System has been installed in Pakistan on 14th August 2001 after the promulgation of Local Government Ordinance 2001 by all the four Provinces. The new System comprises a District Government or a City District Government and Zila Council in a district, Tehsil Municipal Administration and Tehsil Council in a tehsil (a Town Municipal Administration and Town Council in a town in a city district) and Union Administration and Union Council in a union. Village/Neighbourhood councils provide an interface with the lowest tier of the Local Government (Union Administration) with the community.
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Berger, Silvi K., Franco Mariuzzo, and Peter L. Ormosi. "Residential Exodus from Dublin Circa 1900: Municipal Annexation and Preferences for Local Government." Journal of Economic History 82, no. 4 (December 2022): 1109–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050722000390.
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Dublin experienced a marked stagnation in population growth in the second half of the nineteenth century, accompanied by decaying infrastructure and poor public health. Historians have emphasized that this crisis was coupled with poor governance of the city of Dublin—manifested by eroding public services together with increasing tax burdens to counteract growing debt. This paper studies the municipal boundary expansion of Dublin in 1901, which occurred as a way to alleviate the city’s financial distress. It saw multiple relatively wealthy townships annexed by the city via royal order to increase Dublin’s tax base. Using a sample of census records matched to city streets, we show that wealthy residents and Protestant residents were more likely to leave annexed areas compared to areas that remained independent. Moreover, we offer anecdotal evidence that at least some of the wealthy Protestant households departing annexed townships sorted into jurisdictions that remained independent. Our findings offer support to arguments that the municipal annexation by the city of Dublin may have accelerated the decline of annexed areas in the early twentieth century and contributed to municipal fragmentation in metropolitan Dublin.
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Smirnov, Oleg O. "DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS IN SAINT PETERSBURG OVER THE LAST DECADE: AN ECONOMIC AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS." Baltic Region 14, no. 2 (2022): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-4.
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The article analyses economic and spatial indicators to produce a typology of the economic development levels of St Petersburg municipal districts. To normalise the city’s development, it is vital to understand which territories have contributed more to the process and which have inhibited it. It is also essential to analyse the principal economic indicators of each municipal district and assess transport accessibility, street activity and transit. The study demonstrates the connection between the economy and space, which gives the answer to the question about the causes of economic growth. An economic analysis of the districts is carried out by ranking ten leading indicators obtained from the municipal databases and geoinformation services, whilst a spatial analysis is performed based on testing the Space Syntax methodology. The study made it possible to describe the city’s spatial development, improve the methodology and provide recommendations for municipal administrators. The findings will enhance strategic urban planning in St Petersburg.
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Jack, Kelsey, and Grant Smith. "Charging Ahead: Prepaid Metering, Electricity Use, and Utility Revenue." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 134–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20180155.
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Monthly bills for services such as electricity often go unpaid in developing countries. Prepaid meters offer a potential technological solution. In Cape Town, South Africa, over 4,000 residential customers on monthly billing were switched to prepaid metering, with random variation in the timing of the switch. In response, electricity use falls by 14 percent, driven at least in part by an increase in marginal price sensitivity. The decrease in revenue to the municipal electric utility is more than offset by lower revenue recovery costs. Switching poorer and more in-debt customers generates the greatest net revenue gains to the utility. (JEL L94, L98, O13, Q41, Q48)
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Summerhill, William R. "Anne G. Hanley. The Public Good and the Brazilian State: Municipal Finance and Public Services in São Paulo, 1822–1930." American Historical Review 125, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhz596.
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Swai, Tobias Aloisi. "Municipal-owned community bank: capital raising dilemma." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 9, no. 2 (October 5, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2018-0027.
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Learning outcomes The case introduces student to basic understanding of banking sector in Tanzania as well as the strategies and struggle to raise capital through shareholders’ funds. Application of Banking theory and Pecking order theory is evidenced from the case. The case outlines why the bank struggled to raise capital and what triggers the capital raising strategies. It also give students an opportunity to think about applicable theories of capital structure and bank capital, and strategies the bank could use to rescue its capital crunch in the future. Case overview/synopsis The case provides details of how the Capital Community Bank (CCB) raised its capital through strategic financial engineering which enabled it to raise the minimum regulatory capital required to be licensed as a financial institution unit, to a regional financial institution, to a fully fledged commercial bank. The bank started with a paid up capital of TZS 472.3m in 2002, involving four Local Government Authorities and individual investors. Capital raised to TZS 31.3bn in 2014 and down to TZS 20.6bn at the end of 2016. The minimum regulatory capital required is TZS 15bn, while paid up capital was 16.9bn. With the change of the management team in 2017, the bank is looking for avenues to raise further capital to meet the regulatory limits and continue to survive as a commercial bank, given dramatic changes in the banking sector in Tanzania. Complexity academic level The case is suitable for third year students in Bachelor of Commerce/Economics specializing in banking/financial services. It also suits postgraduate/master's students seeking a Postgraduate Diploma or Master of Business Administration in financial institutions/banking course. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
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Nistor, Adela, and Diana Reianu. "Determinants of housing prices: evidence from Ontario cities, 2001-2011." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, no. 3 (June 4, 2018): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-08-2017-0078.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a panel data econometric model of the main determinants of house prices in the ten largest census metropolitan areas (CMA) in Ontario, Canada, for the years 2001, 2006 and 2011. The impact of immigration on the housing market in Canada is little researched; however, immigration plays an important role into the economy of Canada. According to Statistics Canada, not only is immigration key to Canada’s population growth but also without immigration, in the next 20 years, Canada’s population growth will be zero. The motivation for this study is the bursting of housing bubbles in some developed countries (e.g. USA). The authors analyze variables that are related to the immigration policy in Canada, accounting also for the impact of the interest rate, income, unemployment, household size and housing supply to analyze housing price determinants. The study investigates the magnitude of the impact of the top three leading categories of immigrants to Canada, namely, Chinese, Indian and Filipino, on the housing prices in Ontario’s largest cities. The results show the main factors that explain home prices over time that are interest rate, immigration, unemployment rate, household size and income. Over the 10-year period from 2001 to 2011, immigration grew by 400 per cent in Toronto CMA, the largest receiving area in Ontario, while the nonimmigrant population grew by 14 per cent. For Toronto CMA, immigrants, income, unemployment rate and interest rate explain the CA$158,875 average home price increase over the 2001-2011 time period. Out of this, the three categories of immigrants’ share of total home price increase is 54.57 per cent, with the corresponding interest rate share 58.60 per cent and income share 11.32 per cent of the total price growth. Unemployment rate contributes negatively to the housing price and its share of the total price increase is 24.49 per cent. Design/methodology/approach The framework for the empirical analysis applies the hedonic pricing model theory to housing sales prices for the ten largest CMAs in Ontario over the years 2001-2011. Following Akbari and Aydede (2012) and O’Meara (2015), market clearing in the housing market results in the housing price as a function of several housing attributes. The authors selected the housing attributes based on data availability for the Canadian Census years of 2001, 2006 and 2011 and the variables that have been most used in the literature. The model has the average housing prices as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are: immigrants per dwelling (Chinese, Indian, and Filipino), unemployment rate, average employment income, household size, housing supply and the interest rate. To capture the relative scarcity of dwellings, the independent variable immigrants per dwelling was used. Findings This study seems to suggest that one cause of high prices in Ontario is large inflows of immigrants together with low mortgage interest rate. The authors focused their attention on Toronto CMA, as it is the main destination of immigrants and comprises the largest cities, including Toronto, Mississauga, Brampton and Oakville. Looking over the 10-year period from 2001 to 2011, the authors can see the factors that impact the home prices in Toronto CMA: immigration, unemployment rate, household size, interest rate and income. Over the period of 10 years from 2001 to 2011, immigrants’ group from China, India and the Philippines account for CA$86,701 increase in the home price (54.57 per cent share of the total increase). Income accounts for CA$17,986 increase in the home price (11.32 per cent share); interest rate accounts for CA$93,103 of the average home price increase in Toronto CMA (58.60 per cent share); and unemployment rate accounts for CA$38,916 decrease in the Toronto average home prices (24.49 per cent share). Household size remain stable over time in Toronto (2.8 average household size) and does not have a contribution to home price change. All these four factors, interest rate, immigrants, unemployment rate and income, together explain CA$158,875 increase in home prices in Toronto CMA between 2001 and 2011. Practical implications The housing market price analysis may be more complex, and there may be factors impacting the housing prices extending beyond immigration, interest rate, income and household size. Finally, the results of this paper can be extended to include the most recent census data for the year 2016 to reflect more accurately the price situation in the housing market for Ontario cities. Social implications The fact that currently, in 2017, the young working population cannot afford buying a property in the Toronto CMA area means there is a problem with this market and a corresponding decrease in the quality of life. According to The Globe and Mail (July 2017), a new pool in 2017 suggested that two in five Canadians believe housing in this country is not affordable for them. Further, 38 per cent of respondents who consider themselves middle or upper class believe in no affordability of housing. The Trudeau Government promised Canadians a national housing strategy for affordable housing. Designing a national housing strategy may be challenging because it has to account for the differential income ranges across regions. Municipal leaders are asking the government to prioritize repair and construct new affordable housing. Another reason discussed in the media of the unaffordability of housing in Toronto and Vancouver is foreign buyers. The Canadian Government recently implemented a tax measure on what it may seem the housing bubble problem: foreign buyers. Following Vancouver, in April 2017, Ontario Government imposed a 15 per cent tax on foreign buyers who are not Canadian citizens or permanent residents. This tax is levied on houses purchased in the area stretching from Niagara Region and Greater Toronto to Peterborough. Originality/value Few studies use Canadian data to explain house prices and analyze the effect of immigration on housing prices. There is not much research on the effect of the immigrants and immigrants’ ethnicity (e.g., Chinese, Indian and Filipino immigrants), on the housing prices in Canada cities. This study investigates the impact of the most prevalent immigrant races (e.g., from China, India and the Philippines) on housing prices, using data for Canadian major cities in Ontario within a panel data econometric framework. This paper fills this gap and contributes to the literature, which analyzes the determinants of housing prices based on a panel of cities in the Canadian province of Ontario.
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Fourie, D. "Assessment of the financial resources of municipalities." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 1, no. 2 (June 30, 1998): 268–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v1i2.1880.
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The challenges with which municipalities are currently faced, include the fulfilment of the expectations of many new communities to whom they must render services, while they must simultaneously improve the quality of existing services and eliminate backlogs. The sources from which local authorities generate their revenue at present do not appear to be adequate for the increased need for funds. This paper provides an overview of the issues that have led to the current state of municipal finances and the factors that influence the revenue and expenditure of municipalities. In the light of the lack of sources of income for municipalities, particular attention is given to issues which could have an effect on the improvement of administration in municipalities.
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Olojede, Olorunfemi A., Samuel B. Agbola, and Kayode J. Samuel. "Residents’ assessment of local government road infrastructure delivery in Ile-Ife, Nigeria." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 34, no. 4 (June 2019): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094219857044.
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Ensuring adequate provision of municipal infrastructure, utilities and services constitutes a major rationale for the local government administration in Nigeria. This paper examined the road infrastructure delivery performance (provision, maintenance and rehabilitation) of the local administration in the two local government areas of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Data were obtained with the aid of questionnaire and key-informant interview. Using multistage sampling, 600 residents were surveyed. The key-informant interviews were conducted on three local government senior administrative officers. Descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis were employed in the analysis. The study found that the local administrations in the city lacked autonomy, as they practically advance the cause of the state government. Thus, they could neither initiate nor execute any infrastructure project independently. It was also found that residents in the city were often required to contribute financially towards the construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure in their neighbourhoods. The study concluded that the performance of the local administration in the city was poor in terms of its statutory duty of municipal road infrastructure delivery. Consequently, the paper recommends the enhancement of the overall performance of local administration in Osun State through the granting of full political and financial autonomy to the local government.
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Scutariu, Petronela, and Cristiana Pascari. "Basic Elements regarding the Structure of the Local Public Administration. Comparative Study between the Suceava County Council in Romania and the Briceni Rayon Council in the Republic of Moldova." European Journal of Law and Public Administration 9, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/eljpa/9.2/182.
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This micro-research allowed the highlighting of the organizational particularities, from a territorial and functional point of view, of the deliberative bodies of the public administration at the level of Suceava County in Romania and Briceni District in the Republic of Moldova. Suceava County Council is a public authority that operates at the county level with the aim of managing the activity of communal, municipal and city councils for the provision of county public services. The Briceni Rayon Council is the representative and deliberative authority of the rayon population, its subdivisions implementing public policies in the fields of education, social assistance, finance, culture, tourism, agriculture, economy, construction and management.