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Mörck, Johan. "Regionalt samhällsbyggande i otakt : En studie av den varierande framväxten av samverkansorgan." Doctoral thesis, Örebro University, Department of Social and Political Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2122.
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Regionalisation out of step - the varying growth of regional cooperation councils
Traditionally regionalisation is either seen as a bottom up movement or as state reform politics from above. From that perspective, Sweden contains both parts. The state enables regionalisation through legislation, promote it through policies and encourage it in rhetoric’s. But the formation of new regional institutions can only be done by the municipalities themselves. Without their belief in stronger and more self governed regions or their will to act and together build capacity in their region, the regionalisation is halted.
Sweden is a unitary state and there is no real tradition of strong and self governing regions. In that perspective the regional experiments during the second half of the 1990th can be seen as a rather big step. These experiments inspired other parts of Sweden and in the millennium shift, all counties was interested in forming some kind of selfgoverning regional body. In 2002, when legislation made it possible to build new political regional institutions, these new institutions were formed in seven counties. Since then, yet six counties have formed these new regional bodies. This variation raises several empirical questions. The main purpose of this study is to describe and explain the variation in growth of these new regional institutions.
The analysis follows three different perspectives. The first is a structural one and aims to investigate municipalities need for economic development as a driving force. The second is an institutional perspective where norms are supposed to promote cooperation. The third focus on promoting actors as a force behind the growth of new regional institutions. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods this thesis shows that different kinds of social norms promoting collaboration are the most important factor in explaining the variation in growth of new regional institutions. The analysis also showed that political actors play an important, both in building and maintaining coopera-tive norms, and probably also in bridging the lack of them.
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Vallejo, Flores Mercedes. "Justice municipale et justiciables à Guadalajara (1821-1846) : fonctionnement et portée d'une institution de proximité dans une période de transition." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H104.
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Les procédures orales (juicios verbales) et les conciliations qui firent irruption sur la scène judiciaire, après la promulgation de la Constitution espagnole de 1812, ont constitué, pendant de longues décennies, le dernier échelon du système judiciaire mexicain. Soumises à des adaptations diverses après l'indépendance du pays, leurs caractéristiques essentielles ont toutefois été conservées par la suite : l’ensemble de ces procédures fut fondamentalement attribué à des juges locaux qui n'étaient pas tenus d'avoir une formation juridique et qui ne recevaient aucune rémunération, exerçant un service obligatoire au bénéfice de la collectivité (carga concejil). Cette justice municipale avec ses juges «profanes» représente l'un des nombreux éléments qui autorise à qualifier le XIXe siècle mexicain de période de transition juridique. À Guadalajara, deux types de juges sont intervenus dans l’administration de justice par des procès verbaux au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle : les alcaldes constitucionales et les commissaires de police. Leurs tribunaux étaient les institutions judiciaires ordinaires les plus proches des justiciables où étaient résolus divers conflits du quotidien, principalement de caractère civil, mais aussi criminels. Bien que chacun eût incarné une justice paternelle, peu répressive et caractérisée par sa simplicité procédurale, les tribunaux des commissaires de police étaient des espaces moins coercitifs encore, plus souples et ouverts à la négociation. S’il est vrai que ces derniers avaient certes moins d’attributions en matière de sanctions, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’ils gardaient une plus grande proximité avec les justiciablesThe oral trials (juicios verbales) and conciliation which emerged in the judicial domain following the declaration of the 1812 Spanish Constitution, represented for many decades the lowest level of the Mexican judicial system. Although subjected to a number of modifications after the country’s independence, their essential characteristics were preserved: both processes were primarily attributed to local judges who required no legal training and received no remuneration. These judges performed an obligatory service for the benefit of the community (carga concejil). Such municipal justice, embodying judges from among the laypeople, is one of a number of elements that supports the description of the Mexican nineteenth century as a period of legal transition. In Guadalajara, two types of judge exist in oral trial judicial administration during the first half of the nineteenth century: alcaldes constitucionales and police officers (comisarios de policía). Their courts were the ordinary judicial institutions closest to the litigants in which various everyday conflicts were resolved, chiefly civil ones, but also criminal. While both categories of judge represented a paternal type of justice, minimally repressive and simple in its process, the police officers’ courts were less coercive and more open to negotiation. While these latter courts certainly possessed fewer powers than the alcaldes constitucionales regarding sanctions, in certain respects they nevertheless were more accessible to the litigants
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Михайлова, Т. В., and T. V. Mikhaylova. "Финансовые аспекты управления стратегией развития образовательной организацией : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/94025.
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Актуальность: стратегический аспект развития образовательных учреждений тесно связан с финансовым аспектом обеспечения функционирования сферы образования. Кроме того, важным является и воспитательный аспект образования. Объектом исследования в выпускной квалификационной работе является муниципальное автономное общеобразовательное учреждение. Предмет исследования: экономико-управленческие отношения, которые возникают в процессе управления образовательным учреждением. Цель выпускной квалификационной работы заключается в исследовании теоретических аспектов и разработке практических рекомендаций по совершенствованию управления образовательным учреждением с точки зрения финансового аспекта. Научная новизна исследования заключается в том, что: разработана и предложена система показателей, позволяющих оценить эффективность финансового планирования в бюджетном учреждении; в стратегическом масштабе. Это достигается за счет комплексного исследования показателей закупочной деятельности с учетом крайней важности финансового планирования в условиях дефицита бюджетных средств; представлен метод оценки деятельности муниципального автономного образовательного учреждения, на основе интегрального подхода в условиях дефицита бюджетных средств.Relevance: the strategic aspect of the development of educational institutions is closely related to the financial aspect of ensuring the functioning of the education sector. In addition, the educational aspect of education is also important. The object of research in the final qualifying work is a municipal autonomous educational institution . Subject of research: economic and managerial relations that arise in the process of managing an educational institution . The purpose of the final qualification work is to study the theoretical aspects and develop practical recommendations for improving the management of an educational institution from the point of view of the financial aspect. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that: developed and proposed a system of indicators to assess the effectiveness of financial planning in a budgetary institution on a strategic scale. This is achieved through a comprehensive study of procurement performance indicators, taking into account the extreme importance of financial planning in the context of a budget deficit; presents a method for assessing the activities of a municipal autonomous educational institution, based on an integral approach in the context of a budget deficit.
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Vilela, Cláudia Oliveira Cury. "Escola noturna Machado de Assis : primeira instituição municipal de ensino primário noturno da cidade de Ituiutaba, MG (1941 1960)." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2011. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13839.
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This work seeks to enlarge the academic research in the history of Brazilian education
focused on schools of little visibility in society. For that, we proposed to inquiry the history of
Escola Noturna ―Machado de Assis‖, an elementary public night school in the city of
Ituiutaba between 1941 and 1960. Above all, we aimed to understand the emergence of urban
public education kept by municipal government and the relations between elementary night
schooling and educational, political, and economical context, both locally and nationally.
Methodological procedures included bibliographical research upon public education
especially political efforts and legislation and on aspects of the making of municipality in
Brazil. Besides, we drew from interviews with school s former students, staff assistant, and
teachers, from Brazil former presidents and Minas Gerais former governors messages, from
minutes of town council meetings, and from local newspapers printed during 1941 and
1960. Reading critically these written records and interpreting oral accounts from interviews
has made possible to assert that adult literacy in this school occurred itinerantly and
precariously, for it had no building of its own. Such a lack suggests that, even if this school
met the interests of local government, it deserved no attention from the latter, as it received a
restrained financial support from Ituiutaba s city hall. And yet, even if this school were of no
interest to the local political debate and had no impact on local society, it was relevant to a
share of the population adults and adolescents who lack education and who could not
attend day schools because they worked in the daytime. In meeting their schooling needs, this
school played its role so well that in the course of its history it evolved from a condition of
having no local expressivity to the one where it is seem as a relevant institution in the local
and regional scenario.Este trabalho tenta ampliar a pesquisa acadêmica na área de história da educação brasileira com enfoque em escolas de pouca visibilidade social. Para tanto, propusemos investigar a história da escola municipal de ensino primário Escola Noturna ―Machado de Assis‖ da cidade de Ituiutaba entre 1941 e 1960. Sobretudo, objetivamos entender o surgimento do ensino público municipal na esfera urbana e verificar a escolarização noturna primária no contexto educacional, político e econômico do país e do município. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram pesquisa bibliográfica sobre educação pública primária noturna, em especial esforços políticos e legislação, e sobre aspectos da constituição da municipalidade no país; também recorremos à entrevista com ex-alunos, ex-secretaria e ex-professores da escola e fontes como mensagens de presidentes da República e do estado de Minas Gerais, atas do Poder Legislativo local e jornais publicados no período delimitado. A leitura analítica das fontes e a interpretação de relatos dos entrevistados permitem afirmar que tal escola ofereceu ensino primário, itinerante e precariamente, pois não tinha prédio próprio. Essa falta indica que, mesmo convergindo para os interesses do poder público local, essa escola não merecia a atenção deste, pois recebia recursos municipais restritos. Mas, embora não tivesse projeção na pauta política local nem repercutisse na sociedade, essa escola era relevante para uma população de adultos e menores com necessidades educacionais e que não podiam frequentar escolas diurnas porque trabalhavam de dia. Ao suprir a necessidade de escolarização dessa parcela da população, a escola cumpriu seu papel de tal forma que, no curso de sua história, saiu da condição de inexpressividade social e política para se consolidar como instituição relevante no cenário escolar municipal e regional.
Mestre em Educação
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Hertelová, Viola. "Elementární architektura / Galerie a muzeum architektury při FA VUT v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445382.
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The topic I have chosen for my diploma thesis is the curation of architecture as a possible overlap of teaching architecture towards the general public, but also a tool for connecting academic and municipal institutions. In my work I will examine the possibilities of creating an architecture center within the Faculty of Architecture, BUT. Galleries and museums of architecture, and thus various other associations and groups dealing with architecture, often function as separate institutions. I decided to solve the creation of a similar center, which as such has been missing in the Czech environment for many years, through its placement in academia. In my work I will first focus on the theoretical study of the possibilities of presentation and representation of architecture together with new approaches in the field of exhibition and curation of architecture. Subsequently, I will deal with the possibilities of connecting the activities of the Center of Architecture and the Faculty of Architecture. The aim of the work will be a practical design of the center within the BUT campus, for which I chose a space near Veveří Street in Brno, also known as Academic Square. For me to design the center, it will be important for me to analyze the place and find possibilities for its new concept. Today, the space of the Academic Square is in a state of disrepair and is waiting for an important gesture that can unite the place. Can it be the center of architecture?
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Becerril, Carbajal Sahid, and Carbajal Sahid Becerril. "Creación del Instituto de Evaluación del Desempeño del Servicio Público Municipal en el Municipio de Toluca." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/64153.
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En México el Ayuntamiento está integrado por presidente municipal, sindico(s), los cuales cumplen con las tareas preponderantemente jurídicas como la de representación en los juicios ante los tribunales locales o federales y regidores, a quienes se designan comisiones específicas por ramo según lo dispone el propio Artículo 115 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, electos popularmente.
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Mandret-Degeilh, Antoine. "Gouverner par le rite : socio-histoire des rites d’institution municipaux autour de la parenté en France, au miroir de la situation en Allemagne (1789-1989)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0039/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objet les rites d’institution municipaux autour de la parenté célébrés en France – mariage civil, baptême civil, anniversaires de mariage, Fête des mères ou encore fêtes virginales –, dont elle vise à retracer l’histoire depuis la Révolution française, à partir de matériaux de première main recueillis dans trois communes (Bobigny, Nice et Göttingen), ainsi qu’auprès de l’administration centrale, complétés par des sources de seconde main, en suivant une démarche comparative (au miroir de la situation en Allemagne), ethnographique et socio-historique. Trois temps principaux sont ainsi identifiés : l’invention de ces rites, comme résultat de la laïcisation de rites catholiques, de la Révolution française aux années 1960 avec l’entre-deux-guerres comme date charnière, puis la libéralisation de ces rites dans les décennies 1970 et 1980 et, enfin, leur individualisation dans les décennies suivantes, laquelle constitue le point de départ de nos interrogations. Cette thèse montre aussi la spécificité locale et nationale de certains des rites étudiés, ainsi que la diversité, dans le temps et dans l’espace, des figures d’exemplarité morale sur lesquelles ils reposent, en dépit de traits récurrents (ces figures sont essentiellement féminines et empruntent aux registres de la parenté mais aussi de la citoyenneté). Enfin, elle rappelle la plasticité des rites de parenté municipaux qu’illustre la diversité des usages par le bas (mode d’action collective, action politique individuelle, pratique recentrée sur ses seules fonctions de parenté, etc.) comme par le haut (instrument d’action publique, outil de légitimation, pratique clientélaire, etc.) dont ils font l’objetThis dissertation deals with French municipal rites of institution related to kinhood – civil wedding, civil baptism, marriage anniversaries, Mother’s Day and virginal feasts – and aims to trace back their history since the French revolution. It is based on primary sources collected in three cities (Bobigny, Nice and Göttingen), as well as at the central administration, complemented by secondary sources. Moreover, it follows an ethnographic, socio-historical and comparative approach (referring to the German situation).This research identifies three main steps: first, the invention of these rites as the result of the secularization of catholic rites, from the French revolution to the 1960’s with the interwar-period as a turning point. Second, the liberalization of these rites occurring in the 1970’s and 1980’s, and finally, their individualization in the following decades, which constitutes the starting question of the research. Besides, this dissertation shows the local and national specificities of these rites, as well as the temporal and geographical diversity of the moral figures these rites are founded on, despite their steady features (they are above all feminine and recur to the registers of both kinhood and citizenship). Finally, this dissertation voices the plasticity of municipal rites of kinhood, such as illustrated by the diversity of bottom-up uses (mode of collective action, individual political action, practice focused on the sole question of kinhood, etc.), as well as top-down uses (policy instruments, tools of legitimization, clientelism, etc.) of these rites
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Oliveira, Eduardo Augusto Moscon. "A instituição escolar e a comunicação constituída no sistema educacional: uma mediação dialógica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11110.
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Tem como foco de análise teórica da comunicação entre sistema educacional municipal e a escola, tendo em vista a mediação dialógica que se estabelece entre a escola e o sistema educacional e a descontinuidade de propostas do executivo municipal. Analisa a relação entre o projeto pedagógico, democratização e municipalização da educação e o universo da escola, tendo em vista a reforma educacional e as transformações macro estruturais da sociedade brasileira, vinculada ao sistema capitalista produtor de mercadorias. Analisa a reforma educacional dos anos 90 do século XX e a submissão ao ideário estabelecido por instituições internacionais como o Banco Mundial que destacam a necessidade de descentralização e autonomia da escola que são incorporados e se transformam em elemento chave da política educacional do governo FHC. A democratização da sociedade brasileira e a emergência do município como ente federativo, assim como a municipalização da educação infantil e do ensino fundamental levado a cabo com o FUNDEF, expõem um novo desenho da educação brasileira em que os municípios passam a gerir seu próprio sistema educacional. Em um contexto com a educação sendo gerida pelo município sem a consolidação de um sistema educacional composto por educadores de carreira, mutável a cada gestão, estabelece a contradição com os projetos das escolas por que o prefeito eleito não tem compromissos com a continuidade, ficando a escola vinculada à lógica de um executivo eleito a cada novo pleito. A comunicação é problematizada tendo em vista a polissemia que o termo evoca. As abordagens clássicas da comunicação são destacadas,porém o foco recai sobre o debate Habermas x Luhmann que tratam de formas distintas ao problema da comunicação. Em uma relação democrática entre escola e sistema educacional há possibilidades de que as expectativas construídas possibilitem dar sentido às “provocações” do sistema. Proporcionaria a atualização das estruturas sobre as quais a escola se mantém. Nessas bases é possível uma relação dialógica, considerando a escola não numa perspectiva hierárquica (seu projeto, sua gestão democrática), mas numa relação de horizontalidade tendo como desafio a opacidade dos agentes que compõem a instituição escolar e não tendo como ponto de partida o entendimento, o consenso e a cristalina “comunicação – poder”. Quando se possibilita uma relação dialógica que se estimula a participação da escola na esfera do sistema com a organização de conselhos municipais deliberativos, encontros anuais de conselhos ou encontros de escolas para a troca de experiências de seus projetos, as possibilidades para que exista uma maior democratização no âmbito da escola são maiores.
Salvador
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Kleiss, Torsten. "Institutional arrangements for municipal solid waste combustion projects." Weimar Bauhaus-Univ, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992651913/04.
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Carnwath, John Douglas. "The Institutional Development of Municipal Theatres in Germany, 1815--1933." Thesis, Northwestern University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3563698.
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This dissertation examines the development of Germany's municipal theatres from an institutional perspective, focusing on the ways in which formal and informal agreements such as laws, contracts, and social conventions formed the institutional framework that characterizes this type of theatre. Since local government support is a defining feature of municipal theatres, the question why German cities started subsidizing theatres in the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries receives close attention throughout this study.
The introductory chapter reviews theoretical arguments for and against public arts subsidies and develops a rigorous typology of theatres in nineteenth and early-twentieth century Germany. Chapter 2 traces the development of the theatre industry in Germany between 1875 and 1929 based on the annual publications of the German Stage Workers' Union (Genossenschaft deutscher Bühnen-Angehöriger). Statistical analysis of the relationship between the emergence of publicly subsidized theatres and variables such as population size, employment, religion, and geographic location informs the selection of a diverse set of case studies.
The case studies are presented in paired comparisons in chapters 3, 4, and 5. Chapter 3 examines two major commercial centers, Hamburg and Frankfurt a.M.; chapter 4 focuses on two industrial cities, Krefeld and Chemnitz; and chapter 5 compares two smaller municipalities, Bautzen and Passau. Each chapter begins with an overview of the cities' respective theatre histories, which is followed by detailed analyses of the debates that took place at key turning points in the institutional development of the municipal theatres. To close, each chapter highlights factors that significantly shaped the developments in each case.
The final chapter concludes that subsidized municipal theatres were not introduced as part of a cohesive cultural policy; rather, municipal governments granted support for theatres in response to specific, local predicaments. Funding decisions were often reached as short-term solutions to immediate concerns, with little thought given to theoretical justifications or long-term consequences. Organizational deficiencies in joint-stock theatre companies, the growing influence of labor unions, heightened nationalism and the controlled economy during World War One, and the political rise of the working class all significantly contributed to the institutional development of municipal theatres.
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Salles, Ricardo de Padua. "Participação democrática no Conselho Municipal de Educação de Ribeirão Preto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/107/107131/tde-01092017-094108/.
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Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Ribeirão Preto (CMERP) a partir de três aspectos essenciais - os contornos do seu desenho institucional, os conteúdos dos seus processos deliberativos e os sentidos da participação em seu contexto. Es-peramos que essa análise possa indicar os caminhos que têm sido tomados por conselheiras e conselheiros no espaço participativo do Conselho, bem como compreender suas conquistas e desafios na direção da ampliação democrática. Os objetivos específicos são a investigação sobre o traçado e o funcionamento instituicional, a efetividade dos processos deliberativos e as rela-ções que se estabelecem numa conjuntura de partilha de poder entre o Poder Público e a socie-dade civil. O enfoque metodológico é qualitativo, com a reunião de dados documentais e a coleta de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O fenômeno da participação democrática no Brasil, em especial por meio das mais diversas instituições participativas criadas desde a redemocratização do país, tem gerado um campo vasto de pesquisas empíricas que tomam por base a democracia como processo de deliberação argumentativa e buscam avaliar ganhos e dificuldades desse ca-minho. Os resultados produzidos dentro de algumas décadas de funcionamento das instituições participativas ganham a centralidade da agenda de pesquisa, que busca medir a capacidade de tornar mais democráticas as relações entre Poder Público e sociedade civil. Para a nossa pesquisa, realizamos a análise de dados colhidos sobre o CMERP - a legislação, as atas das reuniões ordinárias e extraordinárias, o Plano Municipal de Educação de Ribeirão Preto, as entrevistas com conselheiras e conselheiros e as notas de campo. O CMERP é um conselho em funcionamento e que cumpre com suas atribuições legais. A instituição conta com uma participação marcadamente fiscalizatória do Poder Público e das políticas educacionais, com uma representação concentrada nos segmentos da educação municipal, em especial do professorado. Dentre os desafios encontrados em termos de ampliação democrática, estão a aproximação da sociedade civil e a diversificação dos setores representados internamente.This research aims to analyze the Municipal Education Council of Ribeirão Preto (CMERP) through three essentials aspects: the outlines of its institutional design, the contentes of its de-liberative processes and the meanings of the participation in its context. We hope this analysis may indicate the paths that have been taken by counselers in the Council\'s participative space, as well as the understanding of its conquers and challenges towards a democratic enlargement. The specific objectives are the investigation on the layout and the institutional operation, the effectivness of deliberative processes and the relations that take place in a conjucture of power sharing between public Power and the civil society. The metodologic approach is qualitative, gathering documental data and collecting semi-structured interviews. The democratic partici-pation phenomenum in Brazil, especially by the means of several participative institutions that were created since the country\'s redemocratization, has generated a wide field of empirical researches that base the democracy as an argumentative deliberation process and aim to evalu-ate gains and difficulties on that path. From this perspective, the results produced whithin a few decades of operations of the participatory institutions gain the centrality of the research agenda in this area, which seeks to measure its ability to turn the relations between public sector and civil society more democratic. For our research, we did the analysis of direct and indirect data gathered on the CMERP - legislation, the minutes of meetings (ordinary and extraordinary), the Ribeirão Preto\'s Educational Municipal Plan, the interviews with advisors and counselors and the field notes. We can say that the Council is in operation and fulfills its legal atributions. The institution has a participation thar markedly fiscalizes do Public Power and educational public policies, with concentrated representation in the fields of municipal education, in special the teachers. Among the challenges in terms of democratic expansion, are the approaching of civil society and the diversification of sectors represented internally.
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Khaile, Samuel Thabo. "Legal and institutional measures: key requirements for effective municipal budget oversight." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4719_1337952238.
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In South Africa, municipal councils are accorded a legal status and authority of a deliberative legislative body. This is considered critical for the municipal council to establish appropriate structures, processes and systems for effective oversight, particularly, oversight of budget execution. However, indications are that, the current legal and institutional measures need to be strengthened to enable municipal council to exercise oversight of the budget execution. Literature review conducted in this study highlighted executive dominance, lack of technical capacity, lack of access to relevant information and partisan attitude as key factors constraining elected representatives in general from exercising oversight of budget execution. In addition, the review identified institutional and behavioural criteria as the normative framework within which to evaluate the effectiveness of the current legal and institutional measures for oversight of budget execution in South African municipalities.
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Kugonza, Sylvester. "Influence of formal and informal institutions on outsourcing of public construction projects in Uganda." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1045/.
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This thesis examines how the process of outsourcing of public construction (OPC) projects is influenced by institutions and why. Extant literature focuses on explaining how outsourcing through competition improves efficiency with limited treatment of how institutions actually influence the OPC projects. The thesis develops an analytical framework for process-tracing that integrates institutional and social capital (SC) theories to examine what have hitherto been disparately employed to study their influence in policy reform implementation. By deploying this integrated framework, actors’ decision making in outsourcing process is analysed based on plural rationality at central (CG) and local government (LG) contexts. The thesis argues that actors in OPC simultaneously pursue material gains and SC investments while trying to minimise their transaction costs, in the process engaging in ‘forum shopping’ between formal and informal institutions. Depending on degree of social embeddedness, the process of outsourcing will incline to formality or informality. In the case of Uganda, findings indicate that the informal institutional regime dominates and no major difference in informal practices for both CG and LG levels exist although at CG level it may appear like formal institutions dominate in decision making. The thesis proposes that public policies should take cognisance of informal institutions as well as social structure in their design.
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Munro, Hugh Alasdair David. "When do community leaders make a difference? : exploring the interaction of actors and institutions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/184/.
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There are an increasing number of opportunities for community leaders to be involved in governing processes. However, the community leader literature fails sufficiently to distinguish the interaction of structure and agency. The thesis establishes a theoretical approach which places community leaders as ‘situated agents’. The thesis establishes a ‘reading-acting-effect’ model to examine how the readings of actors are translated into action and how they interpret the difference this makes. Case studies of two neighbourhoods in Sheffield reveal the changing influence of the community and of the state upon community leaders’ behaviour. In the early stages of development community leaders concentrate on the substantive difference their actions have in their community. The state plays a more significant role as community leaders begin to operate in governance arenas, making compromises to access state resources. State actors play important roles as rule makers and interpreters that affect how community leaders behave. Community leaders face a central dilemma between: modifying their behaviour to work with the state thereby increasing their opportunities to receive funding; and the freedom of working at a distance from the state without such support. Conflict can arise between community leaders as they adopt different positions in relation to the state based on their distinct interpretations of this dilemma.
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Banerji, Bidisha. "Institutional Analysis of Municipal Water Reforms| Framework And Application To Jakarta, Indonesia." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3557389.
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This dissertation presents a comprehensive framework to analyze municipal water supply reforms in developing countries by adapting the institutional analysis and development framework (IAD) to this sector. It does so by providing a detailed description of all the meaningful components of the IAD framework that apply to municipal water reforms and also provides a structure to evaluate these reforms. It then applies the adapted framework to the municipal water reforms in Jakarta, Indonesia to get a fresh perspective on the situation there.
The application of the framework to Jakarta yields a number of findings, not widely discussed in the literature. For instance it becomes clear that the success of a system involving a diverse set of institutions requires a thorough understanding of the interactions between the different actors, not just a study of the actors themselves. Also, a variety of factors exogenous to the players—like biophysical factors, or the characteristics of the community or rules on the ground—often play crucial roles. These need to be considered while shaping policy. A number of such lessons have been presented in this dissertation.
Finally, this dissertation draws insights from this adaptation to Jakarta which can provide lessons to similar cases in the developing world.
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Mischi, Dominique. "Institutions et magistrats municipaux à Baume-les-Dames (1576-1793)." Besançon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BESA1021.
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En 1576 les lettres patentes de Philippe II concèdent à la ville de Baume une justice de mairie et accordent aux bourgeois le droit d'élire un maire. Les règlements du parlement de Dole (1647,1657 et 1665) instaurent une plus grande rigueur pour l'organisation municipale et une méthode d'élection favorisant un système oligarchique. L'annexion de la Franche-Comté à la France en 1674 n'a pas bouleversé radicalement le système mais plutôt amenée la ville et ses institutions vers une évolution, en effet à chaque nouveau règlement les bases institutionnelles espagnoles sont modulées selon les besoins. Cependant l'intendant s'efforce de maintenir sa tutelle sur l'ensemble du magistrat, il porte un regard permanent sur chaque élection et contrôle la gestion des affaires municipales. De plus la vénalité des offices introduite des 1692 a largement terni l'institution municipale et aboutit à des incohérences. En effet les créanciers de la ville se maintiennent au magistrat à leur guise jusqu'en 1765 date à laquelle les offices ont été remboursés. Dans ce contexte le rétablissement de la vénalité des offices provoque un véritable imbroglio. Seule la reforme Laverdy en 1765 sort du carcan institutionnel de l'ancien régime, elle limite l'action de l'intendant et impose un contrôle plus important de l'assemblée des notables. Cependant cette réforme fut éphémère, en 1771 Terray impose un nouveau système vénal qui s'inscrit à contre-courant. Finalement la révolution achève ce lent travail d'érosion et apporte de profonds changements institutionnels avec notamment un suffrage censitaire. Globalement l'analyse de la composition du magistrat a permis de déceler une large tendance oligarchique, le gouvernement urbain est bien loin de représenter l'ensemble des habitants. En définitive le jeu complexe des institutions fonctionne pour écarter la masse du commun des décisions, la majorité des personnes représentées au magistrat sont issues du monde judiciaireIn 1576, Philippe II's letters of patent concede to the city of Baume-les-Dames a justice of town condl and grant the middle class to elect a mayor. The rules of Dole parliament institute a stricter rigour for the local organisation and a way of election which favours an oligarchic system. The annexion of Franch'Country to France in 1674 hasn't drastically changed this system because each time there are new rules, the spanish institutional basis are modulated according to the needs. Yet, the intendant tries hard to maintain his supervision on the whole council, he keeps an eye on every election and controls the administration of municiplal affairs. In addition to that, the venality of the offices instituted in 1692 has tarnished the local institution and ended in incoherences. Indeed, the town creditors remain in the concil as they please up to 1765. At that time, the office have been paind back. In the context, the restoring of the venality of the offices produce a real imbroglio. Only Laverdy's reform in 1765 comes out the institutional yoke of the + ancien regime ; ; it limits the intendant's action and imposes a more important control of the notables assembly. However, that reform was short-lived and, in 1771, Terray imposes a new venal system which goes against the current. Finally the revolution completes this slow work of erosion and brings deep institutional change with in particular, a suffrage bases on property qualification. Globally the analysis of the formation of the concil has permitted to reveal broad oligarchic leanings, the city governement is far from representing the whole inhabitants. Eventually, the complicated interplay of institutions works so that it excludes the masses from the decisions, the majority of people who belong to the council come from the judicial power
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García, Figueroa Jerónimo Eduardo. "Instituto Municipal de la juventud de Teotihuacan (IMJUTE), administración local 2013-2015." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/99932.
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A partir de las reformas estructurales implementadas en el contexto latinoamericano en los ochentas y noventas se han producido transformaciones significativas en el modo de diseño, gestión, implementación y financiamiento de las políticas públicas. Por consiguiente, la descentralización y transferencias de funciones de los niveles de gobierno central a los niveles locales, como son las funciones de implementación y gestión de programas y planes sociales diseñados en la escala central nacional, son determinantes claves del desempeño y funcionamiento de las políticas sociales.
Este trabajo cuenta de los problemas que se producen cuando las políticas públicas diseñadas en los niveles nacionales son gestionadas e implementadas en los niveles locales. De esta forma, como caso particular a investigar se ha elegido durante los años 2013-2015 la política social municipal; Instituto Municipal de la Juventud de Teotihuacán IMJUTE, dicha institución surge en el año 2013 a partir de las necesidades sociales juveniles desembocando en dicho municipio una mutua colaboración entre el Estado y la comunidad joven.
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Jones, Benjamin. "Local-level politics in Uganda : institutional landscapes at the margins of the state." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/662/.
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Uganda has been considered one of Africa's few "success stories" over the past decade, an example of how a country can be transformed through a committed state bureaucracy. The thesis questions this view by looking at the experiences of development and change in a subparish in eastern Uganda. From this more local-level perspective, the thesis discusses the weakness of the state in the countryside, and incorporates the importance of religious and customary institutions. In place of a narrow view of politics, focused on reforms and policies coming from above, which rarely reach rural areas in a consistent or predictable way, the thesis describes political developments within a rural community. The thesis rests on two premises. First, that the state in rural Uganda has been too weak to support an effective bureaucratic presence in the countryside. Second, that politics at the local-level is an "open-ended" business, better understood through investigating a range of institutional spaces and activities, rather than a particular set of actions, or a single bureaucracy. Oledai sub-parish, which provides the empirical material for the thesis, was far removed from the idea of state-sponsored success described in the literature. Villagers had to contend with a history of violence, with recent impoverishment, and with the reality that the rural economy was unimportant in maintaining the structures of the government system. The thesis shows that the marginalisation of the countryside came at a time when central and local government structures had become increasingly reliant on funding from abroad. Aside from the analysing the weakness of the state bureaucracy, the thesis goes on to discuss broader changes in the life of the sub-parish, including the impact of a violent insurgency in the late 1980s. The thesis also looks at the role of churches and burial societies, institutions which have been largely ignored by the literature on political developments in Uganda. Religious and customary institutions, as well as the village court, provided spaces where political goals, such as settling disputes, building a career, or acquiring wealth, could be pursued.
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Onn, Beatrice. "Disposing the future : An institutional analysis of municipal food waste prevention in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445127.
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Food waste is a complex issue with environmental, social, and economic consequences. Approximately one third of the food produced for human consumption is annually wasted and the need to prevent food waste is discussed in the public debate, policy outcomes, and sustainable development goals. Food waste prevention is complex and need to be practiced all along the food supply chain. In Sweden, municipalities are self-governing entities that have been assigned the formal responsibility to prevent food waste among households and municipal functions. However, the distributed responsibility and complexity around food waste prevention entail various barriers to successfully implement food waste prevention strategies. The purpose of this study is thus to investigate how institutions influence municipal food waste prevention. The study is inspired by an ethnographic approach and is founded on an empirical material consisting of 137 waste plans and 10 interviews with municipal and public authority representatives. An institutional perspective is applied to understand how institutions influence municipal food waste prevention. The results from the analysis conclude that a) food waste prevention strategies in Sweden construct the consumer as the main cause of food waste generation; b) the institutionalized freedom of choice is perceived as a barrier to implement stronger food waste prevention strategies such as regulation or legislation; and c) institutions offer an important component to understand the construction of the problem around food waste prevention.Matsvinn är ett komplext problem som påverkar miljö, samhälle och ekonomi. Av den mat som årligen produceras för mänsklig konsumtion slängs ungefär en tredjedel, och behovet av förebyggande åtgärder mot matsvinn blir alltmer uppmärksammat genom samhällsdebatten, policy, och hållbarhetsmål. Förebyggande av matsvinn är komplext och åtgärder för att minska matsvinn är nödvändiga längs hela livsmedelkedjan. Sveriges kommuner är självstyrande och har blivit delegerade det formella ansvaret att förhindra matsvinn i hushåll och kommunala funktioner. Att implementera strategier för att förebygga matsvinn är dock ett komplext arbete med delat ansvar som möter många barriärer. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka hur institutioner påverkar kommunalt matsvinnsförebyggande. Studien är inspirerad av en etnografisk ansats och baseras på ett empiriskt material bestående av 137 avfallsplaner och 10 intervjuer med kommunala och statliga representanter. Ett institutionellt perspektiv är anammat för att förstå hur institutioner influerar kommunalt avfallsförebyggande. De tre viktigaste slutsatserna från resultatet visar att a) strategier för att förebyggande matsvinn konstruerar konsumenten som den främsta orsaken till att matsvinn uppstår; b) en institutionaliserad valfrihet uppfattas som en barriär för att implementera hårda åtgärder så som lagstiftning och reglering; och c) institutioner utgör en viktig förklarande komponent för att förstå hur problemet kring matsvinn konstrueras.
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Nilsson, Erika, and Frida Peterson. "The HomeCom Project : an Analysis of Collective Action between Competitors and Educational and Municipal Institutions." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1224.
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The object of this thesis is to analyse how a co-operational network can come about, operate and progress to contribute to industrial dynamics within the locality. The thesis is a case-study of the HomeCom Project, to learn whether this project has the required features to contribute to the clustering process and thus higher levels of industrial dynamics and competitive advantage of the home communications industry in Linköping. The theoretical platform is based on Porter’s Diamond-model, which explains the occurrence of clusters. Theories of external economies complement Porter’s theories, while oligopoly theory will be introduced to offer a different perspective. The empirical findings show that the HomeCom Project may be considered to contribute to the clustering and in consequence promote industrial dynamics and competitive advantage. But there are also difficulties and attitudes that may impede the reaching of the project’s goals.
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Souza, Glaucia Cunha de, and 92-99132-9502. "A qualidade do atendimento ao público: um estudo de caso no Instituto Municipal de Planejamento Urbano – IMPLURB/Prefeitura Municipal de Manaus." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2017. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5906.
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The quality of service in public services is vital for society, especially services for urban mobility. This work aims to analyze the quality of the service provided to the user of the Municipal Urban Planning Institute (IMPLURB), an organ belonging to the Municipality of Manaus (PMM), aiming to propose improvements aimed at citizens. The specific objectives are: to identify the profile of users of the services; Evaluate the perception of service providers regarding the quality practiced, seeking to qualify the service according to their need; And propose improvements based on Total Quality Management (TQM). Regarding the methodology, the research is of the descriptive type, of quantitative nature; As well as the means, bibliographical, documentary, case study and field research, using 139 (one hundred and thirty-nine) questionnaires with structured questions for data collection. The questionnaire was divided into five dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, security and empathy, with a weighting in the SERVPERF (Service Performance) scale method. As for the statistical data, the free statistical software R 3.0.3 was used. The results show a positive general perception of 64.8% of service takers, regarding the quality practiced. It is recorded that of the 22 assertions studied, only four presented indices below the average (physical space unsuitable for people with special needs, requested services delivered outside the promised time, body does not open exceptions to attend at different times if users have an extra need , And the use of the Internet or the telephone for information and scheduling were not channels of service of the service that sought. On the other hand, five assertions achieved an approval rate equal to or greater than 80%, namely: 80% believe that they receive the guidelines correctly in the first contact; 86.4% feel that servers transmit responsibility in the performance of their tasks; 85% believe that servers are capable of serving users; 82% believe that servers treat users with attention and cordiality; And 84.1% say that the servers show respect and respect to users. Thus, above-average rates revealed by this research may provide reflections on the quality of the service provided to the Autarchy user, thus collaborating with proposals for improvements aimed at assisting the citizens of Manaus.
A qualidade do atendimento em serviços públicos é vital para a sociedade, especialmente os serviços voltados à mobilidade urbana. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a qualidade do atendimento prestado ao usuário do Instituto Municipal de Planejamento Urbano (IMPLURB), órgão pertencente à Prefeitura Municipal de Manaus (PMM), visando propor melhorias voltadas aos cidadãos. Têm-se como objetivos específicos: identificar o perfil dos usuários dos serviços; avaliar a percepção dos tomadores de serviços quanto à qualidade praticada, buscando qualificar o atendimento conforme a necessidade dos mesmos; e propor melhorias com base na Gestão da Qualidade Total (GQT). Com relação à metodologia, a pesquisa é do tipo descritiva, de natureza quantitativa; quanto aos meios, bibliográfica, documental, estudo de caso e pesquisa de campo, utilizando-se 139 (cento e trinta e nove) questionários com perguntas estruturadas para a coleta de dados. O questionário foi dividido em cinco dimensões: tangibilidade, confiabilidade, responsividade, segurança e empatia, com lastro no método de escala SERVPERF (Service Performance). Quanto aos dados estatísticos foi empregado o software estatístico livre R 3.0.3. Os resultados revelam percepção geral positiva de 64,8% tomadores de serviço, quanto à qualidade praticada. Registra-se que das 22 assertivas estudadas, apenas quatro apresentaram índices abaixo da média (espaço físico inadequado para portadores de necessidades especiais; serviços solicitados entregues fora do tempo prometido; órgão não abre exceções para atender em horários diferenciados caso os usuários tenha uma necessidade extra; e a utilização da internet ou do telefone para informações e agendamentos não foram canais de atendimento do serviço que buscava). Por outro lado, cinco assertivas lograram índice de aprovação igual ou superior a 80%, a saber: 80% acreditam que recebem as orientações corretamente no primeiro contato; 86,4% sentem que os servidores transmitem responsabilidade no cumprimento das suas tarefas; 85% considera que os servidores são capacitados para atender os usuários; 82% julga que os servidores tratam os usuários com atenção e cordialidade; e 84,1% reputa que os servidores demonstram consideração e respeito aos usuários. Sendo assim, os índices acima da média revelados com esta pesquisa, podem proporcionar reflexões a respeito da qualidade do atendimento prestado ao usuário da Autarquia, colaborando assim, com proposições de melhorias voltadas ao atendimento dos cidadãos de Manaus.
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Grigoriadou, Despoina. "Explaining institutional dynamics within local partnerships : the case of 'EQUAL II' and 'LEADER+' in Crete." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13055/.
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This neo institutional study analyses the dynamic interaction between formal/informal rules and agents’ behaviour inside a political institution, examining these relationships through primary research on local partnerships in Greece. The theoretical assumptions of this analysis derive mainly from normative neo institutionalism but also include insights from rational choice and the historical institutionalism. Consideration is also given to the way in which theories of the structure/agent duality are related to neo institutional propositions on the relationship between rules and agents’ strategic behaviour. The neo institutional approach to local partnerships is also situated in relation to concepts and empirical observations from the literature on urban governance, urban regimes and Europeanisation. This research adopts the critical realism stance which acknowledges a reflexive approach to reality and it applies an embedded case study strategy. The case study consists of two local partnerships in the region of Crete, which were established under the EU Community Initiatives Programmes EQUAL II and LEADER+ and coordinated by the Local Development Agency of Heraklion. A triangulation method is selected, making use of interviews, storytelling, a short questionnaire, direct observation and secondary analysis of documentation. The research data reveal that the formal rules of the partnerships are not indicative of what actually happens. It is the configuration of formal and informal rules that offers a deep understanding of partnership. It is concluded that some formal rules are realised (albeit with deviations along the way), like partnership and programming, while others are remained mostly on paper, like community participation, decentralisation and innovation. In these cases, the informal rules appear to be conflicting with the formal rules, leading to different results than those expected. The research also shows the importance of agents' intentionality in the process of institutional change. Specific actors within the partnership, such as established local leaders and institutional entrepreneurs, select and reinforce particular features of formal rules that restrict partners’ freedom and promote values of efficiency within the partners. Moreover, the findings confirm a gradual changing of local policy making and an increase of local social capital. EQUAL II and LEADER+ partnerships create new possibilities for the empowerment and participation of new actors such as NGOs and vulnerable groups in the local policy-making process. They also promote the establishment of policy networks and enhance the development of collaborative learning processes (trust building and sharing understanding). Finally, they lead to the re-articulation of mayors-chief executives’ relationship inside local authorities and of central state’s position by creating new possibilities for broadening local authorities’ autonomy.
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Decker, H. M. "How institutional frameworks impact on political representation : the case of sub-local government in Munich." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38756/.
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This thesis examines how institutional frameworks impact on political repre-sentation. It looks at the links and relationships that exist between political institutions and political representation, and explores how institutions shape the role and behaviour of elected representatives. Institutional frameworks are comprised of institutions which include a great variety of rules. Some rules were intentionally designed and formally described in laws and policies. Others developed informally over time as practices and conventions. The thesis argues that formal and informal rules, individually and in combination, impact on political action. Political representation is about action. It is about how elected representatives act for the represented, and about whether the ‘acting’ is in the interest of the represented. The thesis argues that formal and informal rules influence the actions of representatives and thereby shape political representation. This thesis is a qualitative case study of sub-local government in the city of Munich in Bavaria, Germany. It builds upon ‘new institutionalism’ and inves-tigates what the institutions of sub-local government in Munich are, and what their role is with respect to the actions of elected representatives. The thesis looks at both how institutions shape the actions of representatives and at how representatives create and shape these institutions. Based on its empirical findings, the thesis generates theories and hypotheses as to how political institutions and political behaviour influence each other. The thesis reflects on the significance of the findings for representative government in Munich and, more broadly, for democratic outcomes at the local and sub-local level.
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Kleiss, Torsten [Verfasser], and Hans Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Alfen. "Institutional Arrangements for Municipal Solid Waste Combustion Projects / Torsten Kleiss ; Betreuer: Hans Wilhelm Alfen." Weimar : Professur Betriebswirtschaftslehre im Bauwesen, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1116609460/34.
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Unsoeld, Krag. "Institutional constraints to innovative technology for municipal wastewater treatment : a Greater Boston case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78093.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1989.Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List, June 1989: Institutional constraints to innovative municipal wastewater treatment and management; a Boston case study.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-119).
by Krag Unsoeld.
M.C.P.
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Etriki, Jalal Ibrahim. "Municipal solid waste management and institutions in Tripoli, Libya : applying the environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) concept." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8239.
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Solid waste management systems in developed countries are undergoing a transformation to a resource recovery-based model. Conversely, in many developing countries waste management is still inadequate in terms of environmental and public health. The environmentally sound technology (EST) concept, which emerged from the United Nations in the 1990s, has been suggested as a useful means to identify sustainable solid waste management systems for developing countries. The international community has promoted ESTs in an attempt to clarify the concept and facilitate their selection and use. However, in developing countries, understanding of the EST concept and technology transfer mechanisms remains elusive. The aim of this research is to investigate context-appropriate technologies for solid waste management in Libya. The research investigates the usefulness of the concept of Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Libyan context using the capital, Tripoli, as a case study. Institutional capacity theories and basic principles of ESTs transfer and adoption were employed to investigate the factors that hinder use of ESTs in the study area. A mixed methodology combining semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire survey, field observation and document analysis was used to analyse the current practices, the institutional framework, and interaction between the service users and providers. The finding indicate that the national and local institutions in the city are failing to carry out sound practices. Deficiencies were recorded in the organisational and legal framework, as well as in the financial system. Moreover the assessment of city residents towards most of the current practices was negative, and their role and contribution towards current practices were very limited. The deficiencies identified that related how the MSWM institutions interact with each other and with the service users would require substantial review in order to carry out system reform. Certain of changes are identified to influence the institutions' capacity to accommodate ESTs at the municipality level.
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Oliveira, Janaina de [UNESP]. "Uma análise da presença sindical nos Institutos de Previdência Municipal na região do ABC." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123201.
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Esse trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as transformações das ações sindicais a partir do processo de reestruturação produtiva dos anos 1990, as quais levam às mudanças no interior das empresas, o que dificulta a ação sindical, ocasionando um declínio nas taxas de sindicalização, processo entendido por alguns autores como crise das ações sindicais tradicionais. As dificuldades apresentadas por este cenário aproximaram sindicalistas e o mercado financeiro. Assim, os sindicatos reinventam seu lugar social e estratégias de luta, como a criação de previdência privada para seus associados e participação ativa nos conselhos dos fundos de pensão, demonstrando a ressignificação do binômio capital/trabalho. Em paralelo a esse estudo buscamos realizar uma homologia entre o funcionamento da Previdência Complementar com os RPPS bem como sua legislação vigente e a ação dos sindicatos inseridos nos conselhos destes regimes previdenciários. O objeto de análise são os RPPS (considerado nessa pesquisa como um tipo de fundos de pensão no mercado financeiro) e seu funcionamento dentro do mercado financeiro, os Institutos de Previdência da região do ABC, sindicatos municipais envolvidos na gestão desses fundos e as consultorias financeiras que colaboram com a gestão dos fundos municipais do Estado de São Paulo
This project has as objective to study the Trade Unions actions changes in Brazil, since the productive restructuring process of the 1990’s, which lead to changes in the enterprises, making the trade union activity difficult , causing a decline in unionization rates, process understood as crisis of traditional trade union activities. The difficulties presented by this scenario made unionists and the financial market get closer. Thus, the trade unions reinvent their social place and control strategies, such as the creation of private pension plans for their membership and active participation on the boards of pension funds, showing the reinterpretation of the binomial capital / labor. In parallel to this study, the objective is to understand the functioning of RPPS well as its legislation and the action of the union inserted of these pension schemes. In this context, the object of analysis are RPPS and its operation within the financial market, the social security Institutes in ABC region, unions involved in the management of these funds and financial consultants who collaborates with the management of municipal funds of the State of São Paulo
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Oliveira, Janaina de. "Uma análise da presença sindical nos Institutos de Previdência Municipal na região do ABC /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123201.
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Orientador: Maria Aparecida Chaves JardimBanca: Milton Lahuerta
Banca: Roberto Grün
Resumo: Esse trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as transformações das ações sindicais a partir do processo de reestruturação produtiva dos anos 1990, as quais levam às mudanças no interior das empresas, o que dificulta a ação sindical, ocasionando um declínio nas taxas de sindicalização, processo entendido por alguns autores como crise das ações sindicais tradicionais. As dificuldades apresentadas por este cenário aproximaram sindicalistas e o mercado financeiro. Assim, os sindicatos reinventam seu lugar social e estratégias de luta, como a criação de previdência privada para seus associados e participação ativa nos conselhos dos fundos de pensão, demonstrando a ressignificação do binômio capital/trabalho. Em paralelo a esse estudo buscamos realizar uma homologia entre o funcionamento da Previdência Complementar com os RPPS bem como sua legislação vigente e a ação dos sindicatos inseridos nos conselhos destes regimes previdenciários. O objeto de análise são os RPPS (considerado nessa pesquisa como um tipo de fundos de pensão no mercado financeiro) e seu funcionamento dentro do mercado financeiro, os Institutos de Previdência da região do ABC, sindicatos municipais envolvidos na gestão desses fundos e as consultorias financeiras que colaboram com a gestão dos fundos municipais do Estado de São Paulo
Abstract: This project has as objective to study the Trade Unions actions changes in Brazil, since the productive restructuring process of the 1990's, which lead to changes in the enterprises, making the trade union activity difficult , causing a decline in unionization rates, process understood as crisis of traditional trade union activities. The difficulties presented by this scenario made unionists and the financial market get closer. Thus, the trade unions reinvent their social place and control strategies, such as the creation of private pension plans for their membership and active participation on the boards of pension funds, showing the reinterpretation of the binomial capital / labor. In parallel to this study, the objective is to understand the functioning of RPPS well as its legislation and the action of the union inserted of these pension schemes. In this context, the object of analysis are RPPS and its operation within the financial market, the social security Institutes in ABC region, unions involved in the management of these funds and financial consultants who collaborates with the management of municipal funds of the State of São Paulo
Mestre
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Ruest, Alain. "Le développement des institutions municipales à Grand-Mère de 1898 à 1925." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1993. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5299/1/000603738.pdf.
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Winter, William E. "Development decision-making in St. Louis, MO institutions, incentives, and urban development /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2006. http://etd.umsl.edu/r1221.
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Roudo, Mohammad. "The influence of minimum service standards (MSS) to performance of local government to deliver services in Indonesia decentralised system." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8276/.
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How performance management influences the motivation of public-sector institutions in a decentralised system has received little attention by scholars. This study helps fill this gap by investigating how Minimum Service Standards (MSS) in Indonesia influences the motivation of local government in a decentralised country like Indonesia. This study considers the nature of MSS, how it works, what effect it has on the performance of local governments and why. The evidence is collected from extensive interviews with eighty-three respondents from central government, local governments (eight districts and cities) and non-governmental sector. The findings show the varying effects on the motivation of local government to improve service delivery. MSS does not motivate local governments that are already performing well, but more importantly, it also does not motivate those that are performing badly. However, a small positive effect is found on the motivation of those whose performance lies just below the minimum standard. As it has limited influence, the MSS system does not achieve its formal objectives. However, it survives because it brings central government other benefits. MSS provides a framework for central-local dialogue about public services and strengthens the role central government plays in delivering services at the local level.
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Akca, Saban. "The complex role of district governors in Turkey : a sui generis case of public leadership." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8319/.
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This thesis focuses on the challenge within public leadership of reconciling the sometimes conflicting interests of the national and local state. District Governors in Turkey are the agents of the central state within their districts but they also exercise an important role as local civic leaders for the communities over which they have jurisdiction. This thesis examines the ways in which those competing governance and leadership responsibilities are balanced out between one another. Additionally, the thesis explores the impacts upon the leadership practices of district governors of, on the one hand, personal qualities and behavioural traits, and contextual factors specific to particular places on the other, recognising that Turkey is a particularly diverse country in terms of social development, ethnicity, economic prosperity, and religion among other aspects. The underpinning research has been based on a case study design and has involved in-depth and semi-structured interviews with a sample of 30 District Governors, selected from across Turkey. A key finding is that, while being appointees of the central state and accountable to their superiors in Ankara, district governors soon develop for themselves strong roles and profiles as local public leaders, though somewhat constrained in this respect both by the centre's control over resource availability, and by the growing challenge created by the ascendancy of locally elected politicians under more recent policies favouring devolution and decentralisation. The research also highlights the significance of governors' personal endeavours to resolve particularly challenging local issues to their reputations and respect within their local communities; such acts of leadership being undertaken over and above, the plethora of administrative duties and responsibilities that the state expects of its governor appointees. However, having been conducted at a time of increasing political tension and hiatus across Turkey, the research also identified a mood of considerable uncertainty and pessimism among interviewees about the future for district governorships at the interface between centre and locality within the country. Recent public administration reforms in Turkey, and specifically, moves to devolve more powers to municipalities, imply changes in the role and influence of District Governors. Accordingly the research sought to understand how interviewees were viewing these changes and their implications for their role into the future. In this respect, almost all the governors expressed apprehension and much uncertainty about future prospects.
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Wilson, Birdella. "Examining Alignment Between Canadian Municipal Police Performance Evaluation Policies and Officer Perceptions." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2913.
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A lack of alignment between police performance evaluation policy purposes and officer performance evaluation perceptions has implications for the organizations' resource management, officer morale, and public safety. A literature review points towards a gap existing between policy purpose statements and employee perceptions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the policy purposes of police performance evaluations and the officers' perceptions of those evaluation experiences in 4 Ontario municipal police services. DiMaggio and Powell's (1983) Institutional theory was the foundation for this study. Data for this study were collected from 4 police services in Ontario, Canada. The data consisted of police performance evaluation policies and in-person interviews with 12 officers. Data were inductively coded, and then the coded data were subjected to content analysis. Three policy purpose themes and 13 officer perception themes emerged that indicate that: 1) there seems to be a lack of alignment between the policy purpose theme of assessing work performance and eight of the perception themes; 2) officers perceived performance evaluations as negatively impacting their morale: and, 3) healthy relationships with supervisors were more useful to officers than performance evaluations in terms of performance and career outcomes and progression. Consistent with Institutional theory, officers perceived performance evaluations to be necessary even with limited utility. The positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations to police executives to consider alternative processes in tandem with performance evaluations to improve morale, in turn creating better opportunities for improved public and officer safety.
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Baroni, Anne-Florence. "Les élites de la confédération cirtéenne (Constantine, Algérie) d'Auguste à Dioclétien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010572.
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Durant le Haut-Empire romain, la région de Cirta (aujourd’hui Constantine, Algérie) pose essentiellement deux problèmes historiographiques. D’une part, la « confédération cirtéenne », une respublica de quatre colonies dont Cirta est la capitale, représente dans l’Empire un « extraordinaire hapax administratif » (J. Heurgon). D’autre part, la présence de nombreux Cirtéens dans l’entourage des empereurs antonins (comme Fronton et Antistius Burrus, respectivement professeur et gendre de Marc Aurèle) a souvent été interprété comme les signes de l’existence d’un « lobby » africain à la cour impériale. Le présent travail a pour but de revenir sur ces deux questions. Il s’agit d’abord de faire le point sur le fonctionnement et l’évolution des institutions cirtéennes, en s’interrogeant sur leur caractère exceptionnel et en comparant les résultats avec les recherches récentes concernant l’histoire municipale des cités, notamment en Afrique. La question de l’originalité cirtéenne permet également d’aborder la question des rapports entre élites locales et pouvoir romain. On tentera alors d’expliquer les ressorts de la réussite des Cirtéens dans l’aristocratie romaine, par l’analyse de leur fortune, des réseaux sociaux et politiques dont ils disposent, et de leur éventuelle implication dans l’approvisionnement de RomeThe present study aims to investigate two problems raised by Cirta (Constantine, Algeria) and its territory during the High Empire. The first problem to question is the existence of a Cirtean Confederation, a res publica IIII coloniarum, ruled by magistrates from Cirta, which represents a unique organization in the Roman Empire. On the over hand, a large number of men born in Cirta entered the Roman Senate in the second century – among them Fronto, the famous rhetorician, tutor and friend of Marcus Aurelius, and Antistius Burrus, son‐in law of the emperor. According to many scholars, this concentration resulted from the development of an African lobby in Antonine Rome. This work proposes to examine the functioning and evolution of Cirtean institutions and to question their peculiarity in the light of recent research on the municipal history in Africa. It also attempts to explain the success of Cirtean senators in the Roman aristocracy, by analyzing their wealth, their social and political networks, and their possible involvement in the supply of Rome
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Penedo, Fabricio Ramos. "Análise de modelos e práticas de governança pública: o caso do instituto de previdência municipal." Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/2799.
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Os Regimes Próprios de Previdência Social – RPPS da baixada fluminense são de grande importância para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro e para o Brasil, tanto pelo ponto de vista econômico por sua contribuição ao PIB e por suas aplicações em investimentos, como pela importância social-securitária para os trabalhadores aderidos a este regime. Apesar do momento atual de desaceleração econômica do país, esses sistemas de previdência têm buscado métodos para aperfeiçoar sua gestão, o que inclui adoção de gerenciamento mais moderno, redução de despesas para enfrentar desafios como o aumento do déficit previdenciário, e reformas para adequar sua viabilidade econômica a longo prazo em decorrência do aumento de longevidade de seus segurados. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor diretrizes para a promoção dessa boa governança pública nos institutos de previdência municipais, diretrizes essas que possam ser adotadas pelas autarquias previdenciárias da Baixada Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo fez uso de pesquisa com uma fase de abordagem qualitativa seguida de uma fase de abordagem quantitativa. Na fase qualitativa, utilizou-se artigos, dissertações, legislações e manuais para subsidiar a análise dos conteúdos nas bases Scopus e SciELO de 2013 a março de 2016. Identificaram-se 70 documentos, incluídos na revisão da literatura, que formaram a base da construção do instrumento de coleta de dados para a fase quantitativa. Na fase quantitativa, a amostra não probabilística foi obtida de 10 profissionais envolvidos com os RPPS fluminenses, entrevistados entre março e abril de 2016, obtendo-se em torno de 100 respostas. Os dados da fase quantitativa foram analisados utilizando-se o Diagrama de Pareto, o qual possibilita a priorização dos problemas apresentados. Os resultados desta dissertação mostraram que ‘Controle’, ‘Conhecimento’ e ‘Transparência’ foram os termos mais utilizados pelos respondentes para apresentar soluções às questões propostas. Apesar das contribuições trazidas por este trabalho, existem limitações na pesquisa, basicamente relacionadas às palavras-chave utilizadas nas frases de pesquisa, à escolha das bases científicas pesquisadas e ao perfil dos respondentes da pesquisa. As implicações práticas deste trabalho residem na sua importância estratégica, a qual contribui para que regimes próprios de previdência possam adotar uma boa governança pública como forma de aumentar a sua eficiência no setor público municipal, e por extensão também nas esferas estadual e federal. Este trabalho é de utilidade para pesquisadores, que podem explorar diversas linhas de pesquisa a partir dos resultados encontrados e desenvolver novos trabalhos científicos. A originalidade deste estudo está na sua visão setorial e prospectiva, com a proposta de um modelo para a adoção e implementação de boas práticas de governança pública amparadas em ferramentas e técnicas que contribuam para a viabilidade e perenidade dos RPPS.
Brazilian Independent Programs of Social Security are of great importance to the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, both from the economic point of view of its contribution to GDP due to its investments and also for its social role performed on the life of every State of Rio de Janeiro’s employee. Due to current times of present Brazil's economic slowdown, these programs have sought methods to improve their management reducing expenses to overcome challenges such as reforms to adapt its long-term economic viability to face the increased longevity of its policyholders. The objective of this essay is to promote good public governance in municipal social security programs of the densely populated lowlands surrounding the City of Rio de Janeiro, and for that it presents state-of-art managerial skills to their local administrators and controllers. This study’a research was both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative phase studied articles, dissertations, regulations and manuals to support the analysis of Scopus and SciELO database contents from 2013 to 2016. 70 documents were identified to compose the core of data collection for the qualitative phase. At the quantitative phase, a non-probabilistic sample was obtained from 10 professionals involved within municipal social security entities. They were interviewed between March and April, 2016, and it resulted in about 100 significant responses. Data from the quantitative phase were analyzed using Pareto’s diagram, which enables the prioritization of the presented problems. Results of this diagram showed that 'Control', 'Knowledge' and 'Transparency' were the terms most used by respondents as solutions to the posed questions. There are limitations in this work as those related to the keywords used in search phrases, to surveyed scientific basis and finally to profile of survey respondents. Practical repercussions of this work will lie on its strategic importance enduring municipal social security systems to adopt good public governance as a way to increase their efficiency at Municipal public sphere, and extensively, up to State and Federal levels. This work is also useful for researchers who can explore several lines of research from the results found and develop new scientific papers. The originality of this study lies on its sectoral and forward-looking vision supported by a proposed model for the adoption and implementation of tools and techniques for good public governance practices that may contribute to the viability and sustainability of independent social security entities.
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GOMEZ, ZARZA NAYELI 514282, and ZARZA NAYELI GOMEZ. "Instancias para la renovación de la gestión urbana en México. Caso de estudio Instituciones Municipales de Planeación." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/58907.
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Esta investigación se orienta a profundizar sobre la estructura, organización y funcionamiento de los Institutos Municipales de Planeación (IMPLANES) como instituciones emergente desde la perspectiva de la gestión urbana, organismos descentralizados de la administración pública municipal, que pretenden trascender el corto periodo trianual, ampliar la inserción de la participación ciudadana e incentivar la colaboración intersectorial, con una visión integral desde una perspectiva estratégica. La presente tesis se compone de cuatro capítulos. En el capítulo I se presentan los elementos teóricos útiles para tratar el tema de la gestión urbana, que sienta las bases para el desarrollo de la investigación. En el capítulo II se analiza un conjunto de instituciones internacionales dedicadas a la gestión urbana, clasificadas como instituciones técnicas cuasi-públicas e instituciones técnico-académicas, como marco de referencia de la investigación.La crisis que presenta la administración pública local en México demanda una urgente transición institucional que se ajuste a la dinámica de las ciudades en la actualidad, mediante procesos de ajuste y cambios orientados a su fortalecimiento para la renovación en los modelos de gestión urbana local, en donde se inserten nuevas alternativas para la revitalización del sistema administrativo que proporcionen de manera paulatina la transformación de los espacios urbanos para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la población. Producto de esta situación, surgen instituciones adyacentes a la administración pública local cuyo propósito es incrementar la eficiencia y eficacia en los procesos de gestión urbana local, bajo la lógica de transformación del modelo administrativo para el mejoramiento de las condiciones de desarrollo de las ciudades. La creación de estos organismos e instituciones que buscan dar respuesta a los retos en materia urbana, como instancias alternativas que tienen el objetivo fundamental de renovación del sistema urbano.
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Elfgren, Oscar, and Magdalena Persson. "Institutional or not? : Municipally-Owned Enterprises’ Quest forLegitimacy among Stakeholders andConflicting Goals." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71113.
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Purpose: While research on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) have been lagging, even less can be found on municipally-owned enterprises (MOEs). The authors intend to use literature covering SOEs and apply them on MOEs in an analogue fashion. This study aims to uncover similarities and differences between the two aforementioned types of public ownership and contribute to the field of MOEs. This would allow for future researchers of MOEs to know in what way previous findings on SOEs is accurate and where extra caution must be placed. The authors will also consider the implications of institutional theory and how this can be used to understand the reality MOEs find themselves in. Design/methodology/approach: The authors has employed a qualitative approach where eleven MOEs have been interviewed. All of the eleven enterprises were located in the Swedish province of Värmland. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured fashion and the analysis was achieved through a mix of selective and open coding. Findings: Enterprises matched expectations from stakeholders, where higher demands were met with greater social care and lower expectations facilitated a business approach. Furthermore, enterprises viewed their owners as the most important stakeholders and were willing to make decisions that favored them, even if other stakeholder groups disbenefit from this. Furthermore, a combination of actively searching for legitimacy and relying on institutional theory was employed by the MOEs, which could possibly contribute to institutional theory. Research limitations/implications for future research: Further research into these matters are of interest to build on the understanding of SOEs and apply them to MOEs. It is suggested to conduct a study including MOEs of greater size, as most organizations included in this study were too small to ‘successfully’ implement non-acquiescence matters such as decoupling and mission drift. Furthermore, a case-study of a single organization would perhaps shed some light on this matter, as this study’s focus on eleven enterprises has a bit of a tendency to only scratch the surface.
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Huaxing, Liu. "Why is local government less trusted than central government in China?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6162/.
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The public's trust in government is a subject that arouses interest and debate among researchers and politicians alike. This thesis is concerned with public trust in government in China and particularly in local government. It provides insights both on the patterns of public trust in different levels of government and explores the key factors that account for variance in this respect. In light of the findings in this respect, the thesis also makes suggestions about measures that might be taken to improve public trust in local government particularly in the China context. A mixed methods research design has been employed that has included analysis of responses to a major trans-China quantitative survey of public opinions and the conduct of a series of semi-structured interviews with local government officials operating at different governmental levels within one municipal city. The research examines the commonalities and differences between the perspectives of citizens and of officials with regard to the scale, nature and causes of public distrust in local government. The thesis considers the implications of the findings and makes suggestions as to the kinds of policy and practice responses that would seem necessary to improve Chinese's citizens' trust levels in their local government.
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Clarke, Jennifer Ianthe. "Bureaucratic autonomy in practice : a comparative case study of revenue administrations in Jamaica and the Dominican Republic." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5061/.
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In recent years, ‘agencification’ and ‘autonomisation’ seem to have emerged as the new orthodoxy in the reform of public administration, fuelling a lively academic debate on bureaucratic autonomy and political control - on whether these two phenomena are diametrically opposed or can co-exist alongside each other. Using as its empirical basis two case studies of revenue administrations in Jamaica and the Dominican Republic, this cross-jurisdictional, interdisciplinary piece of research seeks to advance current understanding of bureaucratic autonomy on two fronts. First, it explores the under-researched issue of factors which may condition the exercise of bureaucratic discretion. Second, it is distinct from current works because of its comparative analysis of bureaucratic manoeuvrability within differing legal traditions and systems of government. Notwithstanding the cases’ historical and cultural differences, findings revealed a number of common functional realities. The more influential macro-institutional constraints fed through to impact on internal operational functioning in areas such as the establishment of tax priorities and revenue targets. No support was found for the hypothesis that different legal traditions have a differential impact on bureaucratic functioning. In both jurisdictions, a detailed ‘fussy’ style of drafting revenue laws aims towards certainty and predictability, with no particular stakeholder biases. Legal drafting style may be a function of the specific policy area.
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Fatah, S. "A study of the implementation of the constitution and the quality of governance in Kurdistan." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4820/.
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As the first study focusing on the implementation of the constitutions and quality of government (QoG) in Kurdistan from a practical point of view, this thesis examines the question why the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) fails to deliver the constitutions in a way that strengthens its democracy and produces a good QoG. From analyses of the data gleaned from 41 semi-structured interviews the thesis identifies the main factors that affect the implementation of the constitutions and QoG with particular reference to the 2005 Iraqi constitution and the Kurdistan draft constitution of 2009. The study also outlines the reform process in the Kurdistan Region and explains how a system of political checks and balances in a democratic society can improve QoG and democracy. This research considers the main obstacle to the establishment of a good and democratic government in the region to be political influence on all state institutions, including the executive, parliament, the judiciary, military forces, police and security services, and use of these institutions for political and personal benefits. Other obstacles identified are a reliance on oil products, a culture of corruption, poor administration, a low-quality legal system, Kurdish disputes with the central Iraqi government, the absence of a clear, enforceable regional constitution, the lack of experience with democracy and, more importantly, the absence of political will for reform by the ruling parties. In this light, the study recommends strengthening the state institutions, reducing political influence over them and establishing a process of political checks and balances – as exists in democratic states – as extremely important to improving QoG. However, it also argues that these aims will not be achieved without a genuine political will for reform. Thus, this thesis stands as the first detailed research in this field that qualitatively investigates the effect of the implementation of democratic constitutions in a region that has gone through conflict and violence; attempts to set out the factors that form obstacles to such implementation; and puts forward recommendations for the improvement of QoG in the light of the constitutions. This study therefore, can help the government and politicians to take action in terms of reforms to improve QoG in the region and develop the democratic process. This research will also contribute to future study on a similar theme.
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Wang, Hua. "Origin and network : examining the influence of non-local Chambers of Commerce in the Chinese local policy process." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8249/.
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China’s transition from planned economy to market economy (economic liberalization) has catalyzed the private sector’s emergence and growth, as well as given birth to new forms of business associations within the private sector, such as Non-local Chambers of Commerce (NCCs, hereafter). NCCs emerged from mid-1990s, and have proliferated rapidly across China’s localities and industries. Unlike traditional official business associations, NCCs have significantly participated in local governance and demonstrated new types of state-society relations. However, they have not yet reached the attention of scholarly researchers, and have been understudied within and outside of China. At the same time, political scientists working on policy processes have begun to include China as a case to enrich their theory, but find it hard to adapt established models to China’s policymaking system. Research on the Chinese policy process have gone from elite politics in the 1950-1960s, to “fragmented authoritarianism” in the 1970-1980s, then to “fragmented authoritarianism 2.0” after 2000. During the evolution of these theories, it has been noticed that more and more non-bureaucratic actors have been involved into the policymaking process if not being the prominent actors. There have been studies on “policy entrepreneur”, environmental NGOs, international NGOs, Chinese think-tanks and different forms of business lobbying. However, within the spectrum of business lobbying, there is a gap in understanding business associations’ influence in policy processes, especially the new type of so claimed “grass-roots” business associations. This thesis sheds lights on this new type of private sector business association - NCCs and their influence in the local urban policy process. NCCs have been widely involved in local governance and political engagement. However, their political participation shows great variation due to differences in regions, organizational forms, industries and policy spheres. So the question of what lead to the variation of NCCs’ policy influence has become the highlights of this research project. By using the empirical materials from participant observation and interviews, this thesis aims to answer two main questions: How did NCCs influence the local policy process and what explains the difference in their policy influence? In this thesis, I develop a typology for NCCs by using the dimensions of “origins” and “networks”. Thus all the NCCs have been categorized into four types: “Dependent NCCs”, “Independent NCCs”, “Coupling NCCs” and “Decoupling NCCs”. Through in-depth case analysis, I argue that NCCs’ networks and their ability to mobilize resources within their networks determine their policy impact. In terms of NCCs’ network orientation, the state networks of NCCs directly affect their access to policy lobbying, while the business networks directly affect the resources for their lobbying, thus determine NCCs’ lobbying capacity in the local policy process. In terms of NCCs’ network strategy, network span influences policy making while network intensity influences policy implementations. To be specific, NCCs with network span strategy could influence more general policy agendas and policy spheres, while NCCs with network intensity strategy could exert more influence in specific policies especially in the policy implementation stage.
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Baumier-Legrand, Béatrice. "Tours dans la moitié du XVIIIe siècle : institutions municipales et gestion urbaine (1764-1792)." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR2026.
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Les institutions municipales du XVIIIe siècle sont souvent présentées comme des corps entièrement soumis à l'autorité du roi et à ses répresentants locaux, intendants et gouverneurs. Par ailleurs, la ville de Tours passe, à la fin du siècle des Lumières, pour une cité léthargique, repliée sur ses souvenirs de capitale royale et de grand centre manufacturier de la soie, ce qu'elle fut aux XVI et XVIIe siècles. Dans cette étude, les municipalités successives de Tours sont présentées de façon inhabituelle, de 1764 à1792, dates qui permettent de considérer les deux grandes réformes de ces institutions par l'Averdy et la Constituante, dont on faire ressortir les analogies. Cette étude montre que les officiers municipaux conservèrent une relative autonomie vis-à-vis du pouvoir central, même si elle fut restreinte par un manque de moyens financiers. La thèse fait également la démonstration d'une certaine évolution dans la gestion de la ville par les édiles. Ceux-ci traditionnellement répliés sur la défense des privilèges acquis dans le passé, ont fait preuve, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, d'une énergie nouvelle qu'ils ont manifestée, notamment grâce à une remarquable pratique de lobbying dans les domaines de la voirie, du développement économique, à l'heure du réveil de la façade atlantique ou du soutien à certains établissements d'enseignement. En définitive, à l'époque considérée, Tours était à l'aube d'une ère nouvelle que les années difficiles de la Révolution vinrent remettre en cause18th century municipal institutions are often considered as under the utter authority of the King and his representatives, the "intendants" and governors. Besides, at the end of the Age of Enlightenment, the city of Tours is deemed sleepy, lost in the remembrance of its past of royal capital and major silk manufacturing town, which is was indeed in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this work, Tours' successive municipalities are described from 1764 to 1792. These unusual dates have the advantage to cover the two main reforms of these institutions, those of L'Averdy and the Constituent Assembly ; we highlight the similarities between the reforms. From this study, it is clear that municipal officials retained some autonomy, though limited for want of money, towards the central government. This thesis also shows that the way the town was managed by its officials evolved. While they traditionally clung to their privileges, they displayed at the end of the 18th century a new energy that they revealed, in particular through a noticeable lobbying, in the matters of road system, economic development -at the time of the awakening of the Atlantic coast-, and through their support to some educational establishments. Eventually, at the time, Tours was about to enter a new era, but this perspective was upset by the hard revolutionary years
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Isander, Françoise. "L'enseignement artistique en France dans les écoles d'art, nationales et municipales de provinces : évolution d'une institution." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081009.
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"l'enseignement artistique en france dans les ecoles d'art, nationales et municipales de province. Evolution d'une institution". La these aborde les differents aspects de l'evolution institutionnelle et pedagogique qui ont fait passer l'ancienne "formation artistique" du 18eme siecle au niveau d'un "enseignement superieur des arts plastiques", dans les ecoles d'art de province. Le rappel du contexte historique de la creation en province des ecoles d'art fait apparaitre d'abord leur double filiati on : academique et ecoles d'arts appliques a l'industrie, et d'autre part, montre le role ideologique puis financier de l'etat dans la definition de la place de la production artistique et de l'enseignement artistique au sein de la societe francaise. L'analyse minutieuse de tous les documents officiels concernant l'enseignement artistique entre 1968 et 1992 permet de constater que les reformes qu'il a connues ne se sont jamais appuyees sur un projet de societe. Cet enseignement resulte de la volonte de l'adapter aux nouveaux metiers artistiques et aussi de le faire correspondre aux exigences requises par l'enseignement superieur. Depuis leur mission originelle d'acces a l'art pour tous, les ecoles d'art sont devenues un lieu important de legitimation sociale des artistes, et elles sont le lieu de passage oblige pour acceder au x "mondes de l'art".
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Soares, Luana Bergmann. "A ação do Instituto Ayrton Senna na rede municipal de educação de Joinville/SC (2001-2008)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/93438.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2010Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T22:22:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 287232.pdf: 1787175 bytes, checksum: 3239bf6951a4d5839ad76f9e7906db3c (MD5)
O Instituto Ayrton Senna (IAS) tem se destacado no cenário nacional pela disseminação de programas voltados à Educação Básica, especialmente na gestão das Redes públicas municipais de Educação. Durante o período de 2001-2008, atuou fortemente na Rede Municipal de Educação de Joinville (RME), Santa Catarina, com a implantação dos Programas Escola Campeã e Gestão Nota 10. Neste estudo, procuramos compreender as determinações e consequências desta "parceria", averiguando as mudanças que ocorreram nesse período, tomando como principal referência os sujeitos que participaram desse processo. Para realizar esta tarefa, desenvolvemos nossa pesquisa em três etapas: a) estudo de fontes bibliográficas e documentais produzidas por pesquisadores da área educacional e pelo Ministério da Administração e Reforma do Estado; b) coleta e análise de documentos normativos e de orientação produzidos pelo IAS, pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação, pelo Poder Executivo e Conselho Municipal de Educação; c) informações e opiniões de profissionais da RME de Joinville atuantes no período, por meio de questionário. Adotamos como referencial teórico-analítico categorias do materialismo histórico-dialético, com destaque para as categorias do pensamento gramsciano. Tomamos como pressuposto que a ação do IAS é um caso exemplar das novas relações entre Estado e setor privado, expressando uma nova forma de atuação de organismos privados, cujos marcos legais e operacionais foram delimitados pela Reforma do Estado brasileiro, implementada na década de 1990. Adotando preceitos vinculados ao ideário neoliberal e da Terceira Via, a referida Reforma operou a publicização das políticas sociais, criando a chamada esfera "pública não-estatal", e regulamentou as ações das organizações da sociedade civil para que estas pudessem executar políticas sociais em "parceria' com o Estado. No campo educacional, difundiu-se no imaginário social a idéia da ineficácia do "público", contrapondo-se a este a eficácia da gestão privada. O IAS, organização da sociedade civil de natureza privada fundacional, inseriu-se nesse processo e estabeleceu "parcerias" com diversas Redes públicas de Educação para execução de políticas educacionais. Os resultados de nossa pesquisa apontam que as "promessas" de uma gestão eficiente na RME de Joinville não foram cumpridas: os indicadores não evidenciaram melhoria na qualidade, a metodologia de planejamento e controle adotados reafirmou a antiga divisão técnica do trabalho na escola, agregando novas tarefas aos professores, resultando também na intensificação de seu trabalho. No que se refere à gestão da RME e das escolas constatamos que a gestão democrática anunciada nos documentos oficiais foi democrática apenas no "papel". A inserção do IAS na RME de Joinville implicou também a aprovação de um conjunto de leis e normativas que constituíram o lastro legal, necessário para que pudessem operar em todas as instâncias da RME. Destacamos aqui a exigência constante no Termo de Parceria de que seus programas fossem sancionados como políticas públicas. A análise destes documentos mostra-nos que a "parceria" constituiu-se de fato, como subordinação da RME de Joinville não apenas à lógica privada de gestão adotada, mas, efetivamente, ao próprio IAS.
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Goya, Neusa. "Diversity of Looks: Revealing the institutive senses of SUS in the Municipal Health Care System os Fortaleza." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4486.
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A presente dissertaÃÃo analisa as percepÃÃes dos profissionais de SaÃde sobre o que consideram processos instituintes do SUS, no Sistema Municipal de SaÃde de Fortaleza, CearÃ, no perÃodo de 2005 a 2007. Identifica e analisa, ainda, as percepÃÃes dos profissionais de SaÃde sobre a sua atuaÃÃo nos processos considerados instituintes do SUS, como tambÃm, apresenta as aÃÃes propostas pelos profissionais para fortalecer o SUS em Fortaleza. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa que tem como base teÃrica: as concepÃÃes do Movimento Institucionalista sobre sociedade, com centralidade nas categorias do instituinte e do instituÃdo, a luz de GregÃrio Baremblitt; os pensamentos de autores sanitaristas, destacando GastÃo Wagner de Sousa Campos e Emerson Elias Merhy e a legislaÃÃo do SUS. As informaÃÃes para anÃlise foram construÃdas por meio da revisÃo documental do Programa de Governo âPor uma Fortaleza Belaâ â referente à gestÃo governamental 2005/2008 e dos RelatÃrios de GestÃo da Secretaria Municipal de SaÃde dos anos de 2005, 2006 e 2007. Utilizou-se, tambÃm, da tÃcnica de grupo focal, tendo sido realizados dois grupos focais com profissionais de SaÃde do Sistema Municipal de SaÃde, sendo um com participantes graduados, realizado em outubro de 2008, com oito participantes e, outro, com dez profissionais de nÃvel mÃdio, em novembro de 2008. Como mÃtodo de anÃlise fez-se o uso da AnÃlise de ConteÃdo com a tÃcnica da AnÃlise TemÃtica. As categorias temÃticas trabalhadas foram: processo de trabalho em saÃde; gestÃo do trabalho; acolhimento; gestÃo participativa e controle social. Os principais achados do estudo foram: convivÃncia dialÃtica das forÃas instituintes com o instituÃdo no espaÃo da gestÃo do cotidiano em saÃde; identificaÃÃo do potencial instituinte do SUS nos processos de trabalho pertinentes a EstratÃgia SaÃde da FamÃlia e a rede assistencial de SaÃde Mental; reconhecimento do acolhimento como dispositivo instituinte transversal Ãs diversas redes assistenciais do Sistema; desenvolvimento da Roda de GestÃo com limitaÃÃes em seu potencial instituinte para a co-gestÃo de coletivos.
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Kulshrestha, Geeta Mohan. "Municipal solid waste management in Delhi and London : a comparison of institutional capacity for environmental policy reform." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2144/.
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This thesis investigates the explanatory value of Martin Janicke's model of capacity for environmental policy reform by empirically applying it to the context of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in the cities of Delhi and London, mainly during the period 1990 and 2003. The research included a critical review of the existing literature, extensive interviews and secondary sources. The analysis also draws on policy networks theory to analyse interactions between the range of state and non-state actors influencing the environmental policy process. The investigation suggests that, while it is a powerful explanatory tool when applied to MSW policy reform in Delhi and London, Janicke's model underestimates the predominant role played by institutional factors in determining capacity for environmental policy reform. This predominance is established by an examination of how institutional conditions, characterised by particular types of policy networks, mediate the relationship between pressure for environmental protection and effective policy reform. Interactions reflecting the entrenched interests of dominant actors in the policy network influence the alternatives considered for MSW policy reform in both cases in ways that constrains the drive for more environmental sustainability. The thesis concludes that effective policy reform is unlikely to be achieved without institutional change aimed at increasing institutional capacity. The thesis, in its comparative institutional analysis of MSW management in Delhi and London, contributes to the scholarship in the field of capacity building as well as wider international efforts towards sustainable development. It is of immediate relevance to both academic and policy debates.
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Miléo, Irlanda do Socorro de Oliveira. "Sistemas municipais de ensino e o instituto Ayrton Senna na Amazônia paraense." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9730.
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Previous issue date: 2013-09-04Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This investigation aimed in discuss the Third Sector role and its partnerships established in public Brazilian education by introducing it as a study object with Instituto Ayrton Senna and Prefeituras Municipais de Altamira and Santarém, cities located in the west side of Amazônia Paraense, at Programa Rede Vencer and its subprograms. The research had the objective of revealing whether the Programa Rede Vencer proposed by IAS has really contributed in what it is proposed to: evolve quality at education in these provinces. In order to reply to such issue we have elected as a general objective to analyze the unfolding effects of Programa Rede Vencer develops in the provinces of Altamira and Santarém as well as its possible implications in the improvement of municipal education quality and the basis date is from 2007 up to 2011. Research took place from specialized literature contributions about outsourcing, curriculum polices and quality at education. Educational context has been verified from statistic dimensions regarding flow indicators data and its performance, as well as financial data regarding federal resources transferences and qualitative dimensions through management team participation, teachers and parents or those responsible for municipal education. The study has clarified that even though performance in fee improvements were shown and also the performance indicators observed in two researched education institutes also improved, education standardizing remain still having issues about disapproval and distortion regarding age versus year in school, mainly in schools located in the countryside. Nevertheless, improvements verified in such index cannot be accredited only to management actions developed by SEMED Institute in follow up and monitoring education instruments but they should be accredited in regard to public resource investments and the federal government actions through financial assistance politics were responsible for enabling and maintaining strategic actions that promotes quality at education. Investigations pointed out that quality concept presented by IAS through educational programs is based upon two pillars: learning and performance results by clarifying broad perspective regarding quantity matters as it is supported the idea of performance indicators as well as competence matrix and abilities as excellence instruments to improve teaching. It has been concluded that even though there is the introduction of management administration and the curriculum restructuring conducted by IAS in Altamira and Santarém regions, they demonstrate to be not efficient in two issues: the non-accomplishment of all goals about Partnership Instrument agreed in the past as its efficiency happens way more in the operational matter (follow up and education monitoring) rather than turning the management team into an instrument to diagnose issues and also rather than really solving these issues the main objective. The implementation of management techniques conduct to the expected results which are contrary to democratic values and principles. A new aspect to be considered is the conquering of an active consent by teachers and the management teams which highlights politics strength and discourse technique of the Institute. In such sense, the greatest efficiency consists of promoting instrument quality in education through management language and also in performance matters wich induces a dependency of educational management on "manufactured quality" matters through success indicator
Esta investigação procurou discutir o papel do Terceiro Setor e as parcerias que se estabelecem no campo da educação pública brasileira, apresentando como objeto de estudo a parceria entre Instituto Ayrton Senna e as Prefeituras Municipais de Altamira e Santarém, cidades situadas no oeste da Amazônia Paraense, na oferta do Programa Rede Vencer e seus subprogramas. A pesquisa buscou desvelar se o Programa Rede Vencer proposto pelo IAS tem contribuído de fato ao que se propõe: melhorar a qualidade da educação nesses Municípios. Para responder a essa questão elegemos como objetivo geral analisar os efeitos dos desdobramentos do Programa Rede Vencer desenvolvido nos municípios de Altamira e Santarém e suas possíveis implicações na melhoria da qualidade da educação municipal, tendo como base o período de 2007 a 2011. As investigações se deram a partir das contribuições da literatura especializada sobre o tema do terceiro setor, politicas curriculares e da qualidade da educação. O contexto educacional foi analisado a partir das dimensões estatísticas, referentes aos dados dos indicadores de fluxo e desempenho, bem como dos dados financeiros referentes às transferências de recursos federais, e das dimensões consideradas qualitativas, por meio da participação da equipe gestora, professores e pais e/ou responsáveis de escolas das redes de ensino municipais. O estudo evidenciou que a despeito da melhoria das taxas de rendimento e dos indicadores de desempenho observada nas duas redes de ensino investigadas, que embora tenham alcançado quase que a universalização do ensino, porém ainda permanecem os problemas referentes a reprovação e a distorção idadesérie, principalmente nas escolas do campo. Entretanto, as melhorias observadas nesses índices não que podem ser creditadas somente às ações gerenciais desenvolvidas pelo Instituto via SEMEDs por meio de seus instrumentos de acompanhamento e monitoramento do ensino, mas de investimentos de recurso públicos e da ação do governo federal pela via de suas políticas de assistência financeira, que foram responsáveis em grande parte, pela materialização e manutenção das ações estratégicas que promovessem a qualidade da educação. As investigações apontaram ainda que, a noção de qualidade apresentada pelo IAS por meio de seus programas educacionais, se assenta em dois pilares: na aprendizagem e nos resultados de desempenho, evidenciando assim, uma perspectiva exacerbada ao aspecto quantitativo, uma vez que defende os indicadores de desempenho e matrizes de competências e habilidades como instrumentos de excelência para a melhoria do ensino. Conclui-se assim, que mesmo com a introdução de uma gestão gerencial e a reestruturação curricular introduzidas pelo IAS nas redes de ensino de Altamira e Santarém, estas se mostram ineficiente em dois fatores: pelo não cumprimento integral das metas a que se comprometeu cumprir no Instrumento de Parcerias, quanto no alcance da melhoria de uma qualidade social, pois sua eficiência se dá mais no incremento operacional de acompanhamento e monitoramento do ensino que instrumentalizam a equipe gestora a identificar e diagnosticar os problemas, do que necessariamente resolvê-los como se propõe, pois tem como foco principal, a implementação de técnicas gerenciais que conduzem a resultados esperados, que são contrários a valores e princípios democráticos. Outro aspecto que pode ser considerado é a conquista de um consentimento ativo por parte dos docentes e das equipes gestoras, o que evidencia a força política e técnica do discurso do Instituto, e nesse sentido, sua maior eficiência consiste em promover uma qualidade instrumental da educação por meio de uma linguagem gerencial e performática persuasiva e sedutora, que induz a uma dependência da gestão educacional aos princípios de uma qualidade fabricada por indicadores de sucesso
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Rodrigues, Fernando Peres. "A efetividade dos conselhos municipais de habitação: mecanismos entre decisão e implementação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-08022017-134021/.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo identificar de que modo e sob que circunstâncias os conselhos municipais de habitação afetam a política pública setorial. Essa questão se insere dentro de uma agenda de pesquisa sobre a efetividade das Instituições Participativas no Brasil (IP). A literatura que tratou sobre os efeitos das IPs foi dividida em três momentos, sendo que no terceiro se apresenta o problema de identificar os efeitos que as IPs causam na política pública. Para encontrar respostas sem incorrer em causalidades remotas foi delimitado a investigação entre o output dos conselhos as decisões e o outcome efeitos na política pública. Também se optou por analisar um único tipo de IP, a mais presente no país, conselhos gestores de políticas públicas. Uma vez que a literatura informa haver tipos de conselhos, o recorte empírico ainda delimitou a pesquisa ao tipo de conselho de média presença territorial e indução federal recente. Mais especificamente, optou-se por analisar conselhos municipais de um único setor de política pública: habitação. Os conselhos municipais de habitação surgiram na década de 1990, mas se difundiram a partir de 2005 com a criação do Sistema Nacional de Habitação de Interesse Social (SNHIS). Entretanto, a partir de literatura específica, identificou-se possíveis interferências à efetividade desses conselhos. Interferências de instituições políticas, como o programa federal Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV); de outras IPs municipais, como o Orçamento Participativo; do sistema político-partidário e; das burocracias, tornaram-se hipóteses para testar a produção de outputs e o alcance de outcomes pelos conselhos. Os dados das decisões dos conselhos, publicados em diários oficiais dos municípios, mostraram baixa produção decisória. Contudo, o número de decisões aumentou ao longo dos sete anos da série analisada e se verifica que o principal tipo de decisão desses conselhos incide sobre a política pública. Por conseguinte, foi possível selecionar algumas dessas decisões e analisar os processos que levariam à sua implementação. Com isso, identificou-se os mecanismos que ligam as decisões dos conselhos municipais de habitação a seus efeitos na política pública. Foram encontrados três mecanismos que operam para uma decisão afetar a política pública, são eles: a concordância jurídico-orçamentária em decisões que envolvem recursos; a discricionariedade local atribuída pelo governo central e; a gestão de problemas por parte da burocracia. Assim, a composição harmônica desses mecanismos possibilita compreender de que modo e sob que circunstâncias os conselhos municipais de habitação afetam a política pública.This dissertation aims to identify how and when the municipal housing councils affect public policy. This matter fits in a research agenda on the effectiveness of Participatory Institutions in Brazil (PI). The literature that dealt with effects of PIs was divided into three different moments. The third one presents the problem of identifying the effects that PIs cause in public policy. In order to find answers to this problem without incurring hysteresis, this dissertation delimited study the process between the outputs of councils the decisions and its outcomes effects on public policy. In addition, it was decided to analyze a single type of PI: councils of public policies the most widespread in Brazil. Furthermore, the literature reports different kinds of councils. Then, it was necessary to delimit the kind of councils with average territorial presence and recent federal induction. More specifically, it was chosen to analyze municipal councils of a single public policy sector: housing. Municipal housing councils emerged in the 1990s. But they have spread since 2005 because of creation of National System of Social Interest Housing (SNHIS). However, the literature has identified potential interference in the effectiveness of councils. Such as, interference of political institutions (as federal program Minha Casa, Minha Vida), other local PIs (as Participatory Budgeting), the political party system and the bureaucracy. Those interferences have become hypotheses to test the production of outputs by councils and the achievement of outcomes. Data set of councils decisions made of decisions published in the official gazettes of the municipalities has showed low number of decisions. Nevertheless, the number of decisions has increased over the seven years of the time series. Moreover, it revealed that the main type of decision produced by councils aims to affect the public policy. Consequently, it was possible to select some of these decisions and analyze the processes that would lead to implementation. Thus, it enabled the identification of mechanisms linking decisions of municipal housing councils to its effects on the public policy. Three mechanisms were found, they are: the legal and budgetary agreement on decisions involving resources, local discretionary power granted by the central government and management skills of the bureaucracy. Therefore, the harmonic composition of these mechanisms allow understand how and under what circumstances the municipal housing councils affect public policy.
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Faguet, Jean-Paul. "Decentralizing the provision of public services in Bolivia : institutions, political competition and the effectiveness of local government." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/67/.
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This dissertation comprises a close analysis of decentralization in Bolivia, employing a methodology that marries qualitative and quantitative techniques. It first examines the effects of decentralization on public-sector investment and the provision of public services in Bolivia using a unique database that includes measures of municipalities' social and institutional characteristics and information on its policy-making processes. I find that decentralization changed both the sectoral uses of public resources and their geographic distribution significantly by increasing government sensitivity to local needs in human capital investment and the provision of basic services. I then investigate the determinants of central and local government investment respectively in order to investigate why the shift in regime produced such large changes in investment patterns. I then turn to a much deeper examination of local government via nine case studies, selected to broadly represent Bolivia's national diversity. I begin with an account of the workings of local government in the best and worst of these, analyzing the character and interactions of the major societal actors. I locate fundamental causes of good and bad government in the economic structure of a district as it relates to the political party system, and the cohesiveness and organizational capacity of its civil society. These ideas are used to build a conceptual model of the local government process in which the interactions of political, economic and civic actors reveal information and enforce accountability. I show how imbalances between them can cripple accountability and distort the policy-making process. Lastly, the dissertation tests the model by examining government performance in seven additional municipalities. I show that the framework can explain the emergence of good or bad government institutions, and thus the quality of government a district ultimately receives, through the interactions of key players —notably civic organizations — deep in the local political economy.
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Medina, Enver Vladimir Chahuayo. "Estudo comparativo municipal no Brasil e no Peru." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16163.
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O presente estudo tem como objeto, a instituição municipal, brasileira e peruana, nos seus perfis fundamentais: fatores históricos, culturais, atuais, de compreensão jurídica da instituição municipal, a relação entre município e Estado e a organização dos mesmos. Analisar, de forma comparativa, a normatividade constitucional municipal dos dois países, procurando esboçar a perspectiva da doutrina atual do Brasil e do Peru, a respeito dos Municípios, assim como as causas que desenvolveram os sentidos das mesmas. É distinguida, também, a estruturação orgânica de governo do Município, isto é, o órgão executivo e legislativo, assim como a estrutura administrativa municipal adotada no ordenamento jurídico peruano, e no brasileiro. As relações, de poder entre Município e Estado, são de crucial importância para a organização e funcionamento da instituição municipal, encontrando-se plenamente justificadas nos ordenamentos sob comparação. Essas relações, guardam referência com o marco normativo desenvolvido a partir de uma delicada concordância de competências e funções que, numa última análise, depende da forma de estado adotada por ambos os países, assim como do grau de concretização do nomeado princípio da subsidiariedade. A importância e compreensão do princípio de subsidiariedade, em ambos os ordenamentos, se mostra com a materialização, ou não, de municípios destacados pela sua adequação ao tipo de localidade, assim como às necessidades da mesma. Finalmente, esta pesquisa busca outorgar os elementos necessários para uma adequada abordagem e estudo da instituição municipal nas duas formas de Estado adotadas pelo Brasil e o Peru, analisando os possíveis elementos jurídicos determinantes da posição e normatividade destes países; permitindo uma compreensão introdutória básica do Município nos ordenamentos jurídicos sob análise.The present study has as objective the Brazilian and Peruvian Municipality institution in its fundamental aspects: The present historic-cultural factores of legal understanding of the municipality institution, the connection between city council and state, and its organization. It is a comparative analysis of the constitutional regulations of the Brazilian and Peruvian city council making an effort to outline the main scope of its present doctrine as well as the causes which could have favored the sense of both. Consequently, it is distinguished the organic structure of the municipality government, that is to say the executive and legislative branches as well as the administrative municipality structure taken in the legal sistems under comparison. It is emphasized the relation in power between town council and state as well, both fundamental for the organization and operation of the municipality institution being even entirely justified in the Peruvian and Brazilian legal system. Such relations are being given by regulatory frameworks which develop a delicate assignement of competencies and functions, which depend on the state form adopted by both countries as well as the degree in which the so-called principle of subsidiary materializes. The importance and understanding of this principle in the regulations under comparison are reflected in their becoming reality or not, of city councils prominent for its adjustement to the type of locality as well as its necessities. Finally, the purpose of this invetigation is to give the necessary elements for an adequate approach and study of the municipality institution in a federal way of the Brazilian state and in the united Peruvian, analyzing the possible legal elements desicive in the legal regulations of the municipality, which allows a basic introductory undertanding of the municipality and the legal regulations comparatively.
El presente estudio tiene por objeto la institución municipal brasilera y peruana en sus aspectos fundamentales: factores histórico - culturales actuales de comprensión jurídica de la institución municipal, la relación entre municipio y Estado, y la organización de aquella. Es un análisis comparativo de la normativa constitucional del municipio brasilero y peruano procurando esbozar los principales alcances de su doctrina actual así como de las causas que pudieron propiciar el sentido de ambas. Por ende se distingue la estructuración orgánica del gobierno municipal, es decir, los órganos ejecutivo y legislativo así como la estructura administrativa municipal adoptada en los sistemas jurídicos bajo comparación. Se destaca también las relaciones de poder entre Municipio y Estado, fundamentales para la organización y funcionamiento de la institución municipal, encontrándose, incluso, plenamente justificadas en los ordenamientos jurídicos peruano y brasilero. Esas relaciones vienen dadas por marcos normativos que desarrollan una delicada asignación de competencias y funciones, que dependen de la forma estadual adoptada por ambos países así como del grado de concretización del denominado principio de subsidiariedad. La importancia y comprensión del principio de subsidiariedad en los ordenamientos bajo comparación se reflejan en la materialización, o no, de municipios destacados por su adecuación al tipo de localidad así como a las necesidades de la misma. Finalmente, esta investigación busca otorgar los elementos necesarios para un adecuado abordaje y estudio de la institución municipal en la forma federal de estado brasilera y en la unitaria peruana, analizando los posibles elementos jurídicos determinantes de la normatividad jurídica del municipio, que permitan una comprensión introductoria básica del Municipio en los ordenamientos jurídicos comparados.