Relevant bibliographies by topics / Municipal institution

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Municipal institution'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Municipal institution"

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Kravets, Anna. "Public law and municipal leadership and territorial public self-government: legal, institutional and communicative aspects." Право и политика, no. 3 (March 2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2021.3.35377.

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This article reveals the public law concept of “leadership”, theoretical grounds of municipal leadership, its role within the system of municipal democracy and territorial public self-government from the perspective of integral legal understanding and a communicative approach towards law. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of conceptual and normative legal framework of the institutions of public law and municipal leadership, impact of the institution of leadership upon development of the forms of municipal democracy in the context of Russian and foreign experience, as well as peculiarities of the influence of the institution of public law leadership upon the forms of governance in territorial public self-government The subject of this research is the scientific views, normative legal framework of regulation, organizational practice of the institution of public law and municipal leadership in territorial public self-government in the context of functionality of the forms of municipal democracy. The article employs the formal legal and comparative analysis, methods of dialectics, municipal legal hermeneutics, communicative approach, and critical rationalism in legal studies, which allows viewing the municipal leadership as a complex interdisciplinary legal and administrative institution that assists the implementation of the forms of municipal democracy, and improves the effectiveness of the territorial self-government in cooperation with branches and officials of the local self-government. The following conclusions are made: the institution of public law leadership should be viewed as interdisciplinary, which incorporates the sphere of public law on the one hand, and the sphere of state and municipal administration on the other hand; the works of the Russian and foreign researchers indicate that the  concepts of transformational leadership, leadership-service and adaptive leadership can be analytically applied to the institution of municipal leadership; it is necessary to improve the institution of public law and municipal leadership, and ensure new spheres of juridification of the requirements for the heads of territorial self-government on the federal and municipal levels.
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Isaeva, Kristina Vadimovna, Yatsek Zalesny, and Vitalii Viktorovich Goncharov. "Establishment and development of the institution of municipal land ownership." NB: Административное право и практика администрирования, no. 4 (April 2020): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2306-9945.2020.4.33823.

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This article is dedicated to analysis of the processes of establishment and development of the institution of municipal land ownership. Analysis is conducted on the mechanisms of mediation of municipal land ownership as the legal institution of the unified system of distributed over time historical-legal, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical factors of its emergence and evolution, which being interrelated and interdependent formed the fundamental requirements to legal regulation of this legal institutions, as well as determines the vector of its development. The authors believe that establishment and development of the institution of municipal land ownership in the Russian Federation has passed several historic stages, mediated by the unified system of distributed over time historical-legal, socioeconomic and sociopolitical conditions of the emergence and development of the institution of municipal land ownership in Russia. In the authors’ opinion, further development of municipal ownership law in the Russian Federation requires comprehensive modernization and improvements of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, current legislation, including numerous decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, Government of the Russian Federation, as well as other federal and regional government branches, local self-governance, case law of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation.
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Tikhaleva, Elena Yu. "THE MUNICIPAL POLICE INSTITUTION ABROAD: DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES." State power and local self-government 11 (November 27, 2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2019-11-45-49.

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Yong, Sun, Tian Haichuan, Xu Feng, and Zhou Huixia. "Analysis of Municipal Pipe Network Franchise Institution." Physics Procedia 25 (2012): 1726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.302.

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Wasilewski, Wiesław. "RISK IDENTIFICATION IN THE MUNICIPAL CULTURAL INSTITUTION." PRACE NAUKOWE UNIWERSYTETU EKONOMICZNEGO WE WROCŁAWIU, no. 513 (2018): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2018.513.40.

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Lupenko, Igor Yu, and Tsyren S. Dondokov. "The Economic Basis of Local Self-Government as a Municipal Law Institution." State power and local self-government 1 (January 21, 2021): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2021-1-49-52.

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The article analyzes the concept and elements of the economic basis of local self-government as a municipal law institution including provisions of laws and bylaws inter alia municipal ones regulating public relationships concerning exercising of owner’s authorities by a municipal institution in respect of the property in municipal ownership, local budget funds and property rights.
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Solodova, Svetlana, and Yaroslava Yazynina. "Recognition Specifics of Public Sector Organizations’ Financial Insolvency." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 2 (August 2021): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2021.2.12.

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The current state of the Russian economy is characterized by the economic entities’ unstable financial position. Under the influence of various internal and external factors, an entity may not have the opportunities to repay its current payables, i.e. to be financially insolvent. In recent years, it has become increasingly obvious that insolvency can be found not only in commercial organizations, but also institutions operating in the public sector of the economy, and seemingly protected by fairly stable sources of financing. The purpose of the work is to study the manifestation specifics of the public sector organizations’ financial insolvency. The paper uses the methods of theoretical research (abstraction, analysis and synthesis, mental modeling), as well as the methods of empirical research (observation, comparison, measurement). Based on the study of scientific papers published by Russian economists, alternative approaches to the concept of “bankruptcy” that take place in Russian science are analyzed; the nature of this phenomenon is studied. The article describes the types of bankruptcy of the organization, as provided by the system of normative regulation of the state, and defined by the researchers of bankruptcy as an economic phenomenon. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the economic conditions of bankruptcy procedures of financial insolvency recognition for commercial organizations and public sector organizations. The relationship between the concepts of “financial insolvency” and “inefficiency” of a public (municipal) institution is revealed. The influence of the legal status of the institution (state, budget, autonomous) on the decision-making procedure for its liquidation is revealed. Possible reasons for initiation of a public (municipal) institution liquidation by state bodies are indicated. The main (key) stages of the public (municipal) institution liquidation procedure are determined. The current problems of legislation application on insolvency (bankruptcy) in relation to public (municipal) institutions are revealed. The measures for their elimination are suggested.
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Сычева and E. Sycheva. "Analysis of Organizational Culture of Orenburg Municipal Institution of Supplementary Education “Children and Youth Art Center”." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 3, no. 5 (October 10, 2014): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5797.

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This article examines the impact of organizational culture on the internal life of the organization and the success of the organization in the outer sphere. An analysis of key aspects of the organizational culture of municipal institution of further education “Children And Youth Art Center”, Orenburg. The object of the study consists of the following questions of internal organizational culture: analysis of informational and business exchanges among employees; organization of motivational behavior; forms of control, the ratio of regulatory and creative trends in the institution; diagnosis of the social-psychological organizational environment. General analysis of organizational culture showed that in this institution itdoes fruitfully aff ect the institution. Undoubtedly, the experience of managing the institution must be adopted by other institutions in this fi eld.
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BOURGAT, R. "PERPIGNAN MUSEUM: From natural history cabinet to municipal institution." Journal of the History of Collections 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/7.1.73.

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Shulzhenko, S. I. "Public Property Management in Russian Federation: Basic Principles (Part 1)." Administrative Consulting, no. 6 (August 24, 2021): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2021-6-128-147.

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The paper deals with problems of legal status of state (municipal) bodies and government (municipal) agencies as legal entities in the context of modern Russian treasury budget execution system and underlines the absence of the necessity for their legal entity. Within the framework of budget system reform, the paper regards the right of operational management and the right of permanent perpetual use for the state (municipal) bodies and government (municipal) agencies as anachronism, inherited from the Soviet law, and unnecessary. At the same time the author insists on merging into one institution the right of operational management and the right of permanent perpetual use for budget organizations and autonomous institutions as legal entities and proposes changes to the current legislation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Municipal institution"

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Mörck, Johan. "Regionalt samhällsbyggande i otakt : En studie av den varierande framväxten av samverkansorgan." Doctoral thesis, Örebro University, Department of Social and Political Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2122.

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Regionalisation out of step - the varying growth of regional cooperation councils

Traditionally regionalisation is either seen as a bottom up movement or as state reform politics from above. From that perspective, Sweden contains both parts. The state enables regionalisation through legislation, promote it through policies and encourage it in rhetoric’s. But the formation of new regional institutions can only be done by the municipalities themselves. Without their belief in stronger and more self governed regions or their will to act and together build capacity in their region, the regionalisation is halted.

Sweden is a unitary state and there is no real tradition of strong and self governing regions. In that perspective the regional experiments during the second half of the 1990th can be seen as a rather big step. These experiments inspired other parts of Sweden and in the millennium shift, all counties was interested in forming some kind of selfgoverning regional body. In 2002, when legislation made it possible to build new political regional institutions, these new institutions were formed in seven counties. Since then, yet six counties have formed these new regional bodies. This variation raises several empirical questions. The main purpose of this study is to describe and explain the variation in growth of these new regional institutions.

The analysis follows three different perspectives. The first is a structural one and aims to investigate municipalities need for economic development as a driving force. The second is an institutional perspective where norms are supposed to promote cooperation. The third focus on promoting actors as a force behind the growth of new regional institutions. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods this thesis shows that different kinds of social norms promoting collaboration are the most important factor in explaining the variation in growth of new regional institutions. The analysis also showed that political actors play an important, both in building and maintaining coopera-tive norms, and probably also in bridging the lack of them.

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Vallejo, Flores Mercedes. "Justice municipale et justiciables à Guadalajara (1821-1846) : fonctionnement et portée d'une institution de proximité dans une période de transition." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H104.

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Les procédures orales (juicios verbales) et les conciliations qui firent irruption sur la scène judiciaire, après la promulgation de la Constitution espagnole de 1812, ont constitué, pendant de longues décennies, le dernier échelon du système judiciaire mexicain. Soumises à des adaptations diverses après l'indépendance du pays, leurs caractéristiques essentielles ont toutefois été conservées par la suite : l’ensemble de ces procédures fut fondamentalement attribué à des juges locaux qui n'étaient pas tenus d'avoir une formation juridique et qui ne recevaient aucune rémunération, exerçant un service obligatoire au bénéfice de la collectivité (carga concejil). Cette justice municipale avec ses juges «profanes» représente l'un des nombreux éléments qui autorise à qualifier le XIXe siècle mexicain de période de transition juridique. À Guadalajara, deux types de juges sont intervenus dans l’administration de justice par des procès verbaux au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle : les alcaldes constitucionales et les commissaires de police. Leurs tribunaux étaient les institutions judiciaires ordinaires les plus proches des justiciables où étaient résolus divers conflits du quotidien, principalement de caractère civil, mais aussi criminels. Bien que chacun eût incarné une justice paternelle, peu répressive et caractérisée par sa simplicité procédurale, les tribunaux des commissaires de police étaient des espaces moins coercitifs encore, plus souples et ouverts à la négociation. S’il est vrai que ces derniers avaient certes moins d’attributions en matière de sanctions, il n’en demeure pas moins qu’ils gardaient une plus grande proximité avec les justiciables
The oral trials (juicios verbales) and conciliation which emerged in the judicial domain following the declaration of the 1812 Spanish Constitution, represented for many decades the lowest level of the Mexican judicial system. Although subjected to a number of modifications after the country’s independence, their essential characteristics were preserved: both processes were primarily attributed to local judges who required no legal training and received no remuneration. These judges performed an obligatory service for the benefit of the community (carga concejil). Such municipal justice, embodying judges from among the laypeople, is one of a number of elements that supports the description of the Mexican nineteenth century as a period of legal transition. In Guadalajara, two types of judge exist in oral trial judicial administration during the first half of the nineteenth century: alcaldes constitucionales and police officers (comisarios de policía). Their courts were the ordinary judicial institutions closest to the litigants in which various everyday conflicts were resolved, chiefly civil ones, but also criminal. While both categories of judge represented a paternal type of justice, minimally repressive and simple in its process, the police officers’ courts were less coercive and more open to negotiation. While these latter courts certainly possessed fewer powers than the alcaldes constitucionales regarding sanctions, in certain respects they nevertheless were more accessible to the litigants
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Михайлова, Т. В., and T. V. Mikhaylova. "Финансовые аспекты управления стратегией развития образовательной организацией : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/94025.

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Актуальность: стратегический аспект развития образовательных учреждений тесно связан с финансовым аспектом обеспечения функционирования сферы образования. Кроме того, важным является и воспитательный аспект образования. Объектом исследования в выпускной квалификационной работе является муниципальное автономное общеобразовательное учреждение. Предмет исследования: экономико-управленческие отношения, которые возникают в процессе управления образовательным учреждением. Цель выпускной квалификационной работы заключается в исследовании теоретических аспектов и разработке практических рекомендаций по совершенствованию управления образовательным учреждением с точки зрения финансового аспекта. Научная новизна исследования заключается в том, что: разработана и предложена система показателей, позволяющих оценить эффективность финансового планирования в бюджетном учреждении; в стратегическом масштабе. Это достигается за счет комплексного исследования показателей закупочной деятельности с учетом крайней важности финансового планирования в условиях дефицита бюджетных средств; представлен метод оценки деятельности муниципального автономного образовательного учреждения, на основе интегрального подхода в условиях дефицита бюджетных средств.
Relevance: the strategic aspect of the development of educational institutions is closely related to the financial aspect of ensuring the functioning of the education sector. In addition, the educational aspect of education is also important. The object of research in the final qualifying work is a municipal autonomous educational institution . Subject of research: economic and managerial relations that arise in the process of managing an educational institution . The purpose of the final qualification work is to study the theoretical aspects and develop practical recommendations for improving the management of an educational institution from the point of view of the financial aspect. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that: developed and proposed a system of indicators to assess the effectiveness of financial planning in a budgetary institution on a strategic scale. This is achieved through a comprehensive study of procurement performance indicators, taking into account the extreme importance of financial planning in the context of a budget deficit; presents a method for assessing the activities of a municipal autonomous educational institution, based on an integral approach in the context of a budget deficit.
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Vilela, Cláudia Oliveira Cury. "Escola noturna Machado de Assis : primeira instituição municipal de ensino primário noturno da cidade de Ituiutaba, MG (1941 1960)." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2011. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13839.

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This work seeks to enlarge the academic research in the history of Brazilian education focused on schools of little visibility in society. For that, we proposed to inquiry the history of Escola Noturna ―Machado de Assis‖, an elementary public night school in the city of Ituiutaba between 1941 and 1960. Above all, we aimed to understand the emergence of urban public education kept by municipal government and the relations between elementary night schooling and educational, political, and economical context, both locally and nationally. Methodological procedures included bibliographical research upon public education especially political efforts and legislation and on aspects of the making of municipality in Brazil. Besides, we drew from interviews with school s former students, staff assistant, and teachers, from Brazil former presidents and Minas Gerais former governors messages, from minutes of town council meetings, and from local newspapers printed during 1941 and 1960. Reading critically these written records and interpreting oral accounts from interviews has made possible to assert that adult literacy in this school occurred itinerantly and precariously, for it had no building of its own. Such a lack suggests that, even if this school met the interests of local government, it deserved no attention from the latter, as it received a restrained financial support from Ituiutaba s city hall. And yet, even if this school were of no interest to the local political debate and had no impact on local society, it was relevant to a share of the population adults and adolescents who lack education and who could not attend day schools because they worked in the daytime. In meeting their schooling needs, this school played its role so well that in the course of its history it evolved from a condition of having no local expressivity to the one where it is seem as a relevant institution in the local and regional scenario.
Este trabalho tenta ampliar a pesquisa acadêmica na área de história da educação brasileira com enfoque em escolas de pouca visibilidade social. Para tanto, propusemos investigar a história da escola municipal de ensino primário Escola Noturna ―Machado de Assis‖ da cidade de Ituiutaba entre 1941 e 1960. Sobretudo, objetivamos entender o surgimento do ensino público municipal na esfera urbana e verificar a escolarização noturna primária no contexto educacional, político e econômico do país e do município. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram pesquisa bibliográfica sobre educação pública primária noturna, em especial esforços políticos e legislação, e sobre aspectos da constituição da municipalidade no país; também recorremos à entrevista com ex-alunos, ex-secretaria e ex-professores da escola e fontes como mensagens de presidentes da República e do estado de Minas Gerais, atas do Poder Legislativo local e jornais publicados no período delimitado. A leitura analítica das fontes e a interpretação de relatos dos entrevistados permitem afirmar que tal escola ofereceu ensino primário, itinerante e precariamente, pois não tinha prédio próprio. Essa falta indica que, mesmo convergindo para os interesses do poder público local, essa escola não merecia a atenção deste, pois recebia recursos municipais restritos. Mas, embora não tivesse projeção na pauta política local nem repercutisse na sociedade, essa escola era relevante para uma população de adultos e menores com necessidades educacionais e que não podiam frequentar escolas diurnas porque trabalhavam de dia. Ao suprir a necessidade de escolarização dessa parcela da população, a escola cumpriu seu papel de tal forma que, no curso de sua história, saiu da condição de inexpressividade social e política para se consolidar como instituição relevante no cenário escolar municipal e regional.
Mestre em Educação
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Hertelová, Viola. "Elementární architektura / Galerie a muzeum architektury při FA VUT v Brně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445382.

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The topic I have chosen for my diploma thesis is the curation of architecture as a possible overlap of teaching architecture towards the general public, but also a tool for connecting academic and municipal institutions. In my work I will examine the possibilities of creating an architecture center within the Faculty of Architecture, BUT. Galleries and museums of architecture, and thus various other associations and groups dealing with architecture, often function as separate institutions. I decided to solve the creation of a similar center, which as such has been missing in the Czech environment for many years, through its placement in academia. In my work I will first focus on the theoretical study of the possibilities of presentation and representation of architecture together with new approaches in the field of exhibition and curation of architecture. Subsequently, I will deal with the possibilities of connecting the activities of the Center of Architecture and the Faculty of Architecture. The aim of the work will be a practical design of the center within the BUT campus, for which I chose a space near Veveří Street in Brno, also known as Academic Square. For me to design the center, it will be important for me to analyze the place and find possibilities for its new concept. Today, the space of the Academic Square is in a state of disrepair and is waiting for an important gesture that can unite the place. Can it be the center of architecture?
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Becerril, Carbajal Sahid, and Carbajal Sahid Becerril. "Creación del Instituto de Evaluación del Desempeño del Servicio Público Municipal en el Municipio de Toluca." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/64153.

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En México el Ayuntamiento está integrado por presidente municipal, sindico(s), los cuales cumplen con las tareas preponderantemente jurídicas como la de representación en los juicios ante los tribunales locales o federales y regidores, a quienes se designan comisiones específicas por ramo según lo dispone el propio Artículo 115 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, electos popularmente.
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Mandret-Degeilh, Antoine. "Gouverner par le rite : socio-histoire des rites d’institution municipaux autour de la parenté en France, au miroir de la situation en Allemagne (1789-1989)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0039/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objet les rites d’institution municipaux autour de la parenté célébrés en France – mariage civil, baptême civil, anniversaires de mariage, Fête des mères ou encore fêtes virginales –, dont elle vise à retracer l’histoire depuis la Révolution française, à partir de matériaux de première main recueillis dans trois communes (Bobigny, Nice et Göttingen), ainsi qu’auprès de l’administration centrale, complétés par des sources de seconde main, en suivant une démarche comparative (au miroir de la situation en Allemagne), ethnographique et socio-historique. Trois temps principaux sont ainsi identifiés : l’invention de ces rites, comme résultat de la laïcisation de rites catholiques, de la Révolution française aux années 1960 avec l’entre-deux-guerres comme date charnière, puis la libéralisation de ces rites dans les décennies 1970 et 1980 et, enfin, leur individualisation dans les décennies suivantes, laquelle constitue le point de départ de nos interrogations. Cette thèse montre aussi la spécificité locale et nationale de certains des rites étudiés, ainsi que la diversité, dans le temps et dans l’espace, des figures d’exemplarité morale sur lesquelles ils reposent, en dépit de traits récurrents (ces figures sont essentiellement féminines et empruntent aux registres de la parenté mais aussi de la citoyenneté). Enfin, elle rappelle la plasticité des rites de parenté municipaux qu’illustre la diversité des usages par le bas (mode d’action collective, action politique individuelle, pratique recentrée sur ses seules fonctions de parenté, etc.) comme par le haut (instrument d’action publique, outil de légitimation, pratique clientélaire, etc.) dont ils font l’objet
This dissertation deals with French municipal rites of institution related to kinhood – civil wedding, civil baptism, marriage anniversaries, Mother’s Day and virginal feasts – and aims to trace back their history since the French revolution. It is based on primary sources collected in three cities (Bobigny, Nice and Göttingen), as well as at the central administration, complemented by secondary sources. Moreover, it follows an ethnographic, socio-historical and comparative approach (referring to the German situation).This research identifies three main steps: first, the invention of these rites as the result of the secularization of catholic rites, from the French revolution to the 1960’s with the interwar-period as a turning point. Second, the liberalization of these rites occurring in the 1970’s and 1980’s, and finally, their individualization in the following decades, which constitutes the starting question of the research. Besides, this dissertation shows the local and national specificities of these rites, as well as the temporal and geographical diversity of the moral figures these rites are founded on, despite their steady features (they are above all feminine and recur to the registers of both kinhood and citizenship). Finally, this dissertation voices the plasticity of municipal rites of kinhood, such as illustrated by the diversity of bottom-up uses (mode of collective action, individual political action, practice focused on the sole question of kinhood, etc.), as well as top-down uses (policy instruments, tools of legitimization, clientelism, etc.) of these rites
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Oliveira, Eduardo Augusto Moscon. "A instituição escolar e a comunicação constituída no sistema educacional: uma mediação dialógica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11110.

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Tem como foco de análise teórica da comunicação entre sistema educacional municipal e a escola, tendo em vista a mediação dialógica que se estabelece entre a escola e o sistema educacional e a descontinuidade de propostas do executivo municipal. Analisa a relação entre o projeto pedagógico, democratização e municipalização da educação e o universo da escola, tendo em vista a reforma educacional e as transformações macro estruturais da sociedade brasileira, vinculada ao sistema capitalista produtor de mercadorias. Analisa a reforma educacional dos anos 90 do século XX e a submissão ao ideário estabelecido por instituições internacionais como o Banco Mundial que destacam a necessidade de descentralização e autonomia da escola que são incorporados e se transformam em elemento chave da política educacional do governo FHC. A democratização da sociedade brasileira e a emergência do município como ente federativo, assim como a municipalização da educação infantil e do ensino fundamental levado a cabo com o FUNDEF, expõem um novo desenho da educação brasileira em que os municípios passam a gerir seu próprio sistema educacional. Em um contexto com a educação sendo gerida pelo município sem a consolidação de um sistema educacional composto por educadores de carreira, mutável a cada gestão, estabelece a contradição com os projetos das escolas por que o prefeito eleito não tem compromissos com a continuidade, ficando a escola vinculada à lógica de um executivo eleito a cada novo pleito. A comunicação é problematizada tendo em vista a polissemia que o termo evoca. As abordagens clássicas da comunicação são destacadas,porém o foco recai sobre o debate Habermas x Luhmann que tratam de formas distintas ao problema da comunicação. Em uma relação democrática entre escola e sistema educacional há possibilidades de que as expectativas construídas possibilitem dar sentido às “provocações” do sistema. Proporcionaria a atualização das estruturas sobre as quais a escola se mantém. Nessas bases é possível uma relação dialógica, considerando a escola não numa perspectiva hierárquica (seu projeto, sua gestão democrática), mas numa relação de horizontalidade tendo como desafio a opacidade dos agentes que compõem a instituição escolar e não tendo como ponto de partida o entendimento, o consenso e a cristalina “comunicação – poder”. Quando se possibilita uma relação dialógica que se estimula a participação da escola na esfera do sistema com a organização de conselhos municipais deliberativos, encontros anuais de conselhos ou encontros de escolas para a troca de experiências de seus projetos, as possibilidades para que exista uma maior democratização no âmbito da escola são maiores.
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Kleiss, Torsten. "Institutional arrangements for municipal solid waste combustion projects." Weimar Bauhaus-Univ, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992651913/04.

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Carnwath, John Douglas. "The Institutional Development of Municipal Theatres in Germany, 1815--1933." Thesis, Northwestern University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3563698.

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This dissertation examines the development of Germany's municipal theatres from an institutional perspective, focusing on the ways in which formal and informal agreements such as laws, contracts, and social conventions formed the institutional framework that characterizes this type of theatre. Since local government support is a defining feature of municipal theatres, the question why German cities started subsidizing theatres in the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries receives close attention throughout this study.

The introductory chapter reviews theoretical arguments for and against public arts subsidies and develops a rigorous typology of theatres in nineteenth and early-twentieth century Germany. Chapter 2 traces the development of the theatre industry in Germany between 1875 and 1929 based on the annual publications of the German Stage Workers' Union (Genossenschaft deutscher Bühnen-Angehöriger). Statistical analysis of the relationship between the emergence of publicly subsidized theatres and variables such as population size, employment, religion, and geographic location informs the selection of a diverse set of case studies.

The case studies are presented in paired comparisons in chapters 3, 4, and 5. Chapter 3 examines two major commercial centers, Hamburg and Frankfurt a.M.; chapter 4 focuses on two industrial cities, Krefeld and Chemnitz; and chapter 5 compares two smaller municipalities, Bautzen and Passau. Each chapter begins with an overview of the cities' respective theatre histories, which is followed by detailed analyses of the debates that took place at key turning points in the institutional development of the municipal theatres. To close, each chapter highlights factors that significantly shaped the developments in each case.

The final chapter concludes that subsidized municipal theatres were not introduced as part of a cohesive cultural policy; rather, municipal governments granted support for theatres in response to specific, local predicaments. Funding decisions were often reached as short-term solutions to immediate concerns, with little thought given to theoretical justifications or long-term consequences. Organizational deficiencies in joint-stock theatre companies, the growing influence of labor unions, heightened nationalism and the controlled economy during World War One, and the political rise of the working class all significantly contributed to the institutional development of municipal theatres.

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Books on the topic "Municipal institution"

1

Finken, Martin. Communes et gestion municipale au Cameroun: Institution municipale, finances et budget, gestion locale, interventions municipales. [Cameroon?]: M. Finken, 1996.

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Semenova, Nadezhda, Svetlana Artemyeva, Svetlana Busalova, Ol'ga Eremina, and Svetlana Makeikina. State and municipal finance. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/01853-8.

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The textbook reveals the theoretical and practical foundations of the organization of state and municipal finance. It examines the economic role and functions of the state, the current state of the state and municipal sectors of the economy, public finance management, the essence of the budget and state extra-budgetary funds, the organization of the budget process. Priorities and main directions of development of the budget structure and budget system of the Russian Federation, tendencies of development of sovereign funds of the state as a monetary resource are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the formation and implementation of the budget policy of the Russian Federation, the formation of inter-budgetary relations, trends in the development of public credit and public debt, the peculiarities of the provision of state (municipal) services and procurement. The content of the textbook meets the requirements of the Federal state educational institution IN the areas of bachelor's and master's degrees of the enlarged group of specialties 380000 "Economics and management". The textbook is intended for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic and managerial areas of training, students of courses and faculties of qualification improvement, employees of financial authorities and persons independently studying state and municipal Finance.
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Roth, Günter. Die Institution der kommunalen Sozialverwaltung: Die Entwicklung von Aufgaben, Organisation, Leitgedanken und Mythen von der Weimarer Republik bis Mitte der neunziger Jahre. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1999.

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Rica, Costa. Código municipal. San José, Costa Rica: Investigaciones Jurídicas, 1990.

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Les institutions administratives locales au Québec: Structures et fonctions. Sillery, Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 1987.

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Canada. Bill: An act to amend sections seventy-five and ninety-seven of the Municipal Institutions Act of Upper Canada. Ottawa: Hunter, Rose, 2001.

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Canada. Bill: An act to amend the municipal act of Upper Canada. Ottawa: Hunter, Rose, 2001.

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1966-, Naranjo Aldo Daniel, ed. Síntesis histórica municipal: Bayamo. La Habana: Editora Historia, 2011.

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Canada. Bill: An act to incorporate the Loyal Orange Institution of British America. [Toronto: J. Lovell, 2001.

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Robert, Gravel. Les institutions administratives locales et régionales au Québec: Structures et fonctions. 2nd ed. Sainte-Foy: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Municipal institution"

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Sotskova, S. I., and V. P. Fomin. "The Specifics of the Management System of a Municipal Institution." In Digital Economy and the New Labor Market: Jobs, Competences and Innovative HR Technologies, 644–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60926-9_81.

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Wąsowski, Krzysztof. "The Obligations of Public Entities." In Cybersecurity in Poland, 331–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_20.

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AbstractThe author presents the structure and principles which the Polish legislature imposes on public entities in the field of cybersecurity. The analysed regulations cover government authorities, state control authorities, law enforcement authorities, courts (both common and special), local government units and their associations (including metropolitan unions), budgetary units and Budget establishments, executive agencies, budgetary institutions, the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and managed funds, the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS) and the funds managed by its President, the National Health Found, public universities, and the Polish Academy of Sciences. In addition to these public finance entities, special cybersecurity obligations have been imposed on research institutes, the National Bank of Poland, Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (BGK), Office of Technical Inspection (UDT), the Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (PENSA), Polish Centre for Accreditation (PCA), the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFEP&WM) and the provincial funds, as well as municipal companies. Despite differences in the form of activity (including possession or absence of legal personality), it is commonly agreed that the analysed regulations treat public entities as public administration authorities, at least in the functional sense, as evidenced by the indication that the obligations of public entities should be carried out within the framework of public tasks.
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Mustonen, Maili. "Private and Municipal Care Institutions." In Inter and Intra Government Arrangements for Productivity, 69–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2864-4_6.

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Lindvall, Mychele. "The Regional Firm: Its Customers, Traders, and Institutional Salespeople." In The Handbook of Municipal Bonds, 345–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119198093.ch18.

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Ziegler, Tiffany A. "The Rise of Brussels’ Municipal Hospital." In Medieval Healthcare and the Rise of Charitable Institutions, 121–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02056-9_7.

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Swianiewicz, Paweł, Adam Gendźwiłł, Kurt Houlberg, and Jan Erling Klausen. "Institutional rules for territorial change." In Municipal Territorial Reforms of the 21st Century in Europe, 36–60. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003022589-3.

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Sergey, Kosaretsky, and Likhatskikh Elena. "Supporting Elementary and Secondary Education During the Pandemic: A Case Study from the National Research University Higher School of Economics." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 243–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_16.

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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented a formidable challenge to the Russian school system. Such global challenges and crises highlight the significance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE)’s third mission: responsibility for the well-being of the community.As one of the first universities to offer support to elementary and secondary education systems in Russia during the pandemic, the HSE relied on its ability to create new scientific knowledge and make it useful in practice to provide versatile and targeted aid for students, teachers, regional administrators, and parents across the country. There were two main vectors of HSE activity at the time of the pandemic: (1) promoting the development of the Russian education system through research, monitoring, and coordination of scholars and analysts and (2) direct work with secondary and high school stakeholders using contemporary approaches for talent development and digital tools.The pandemic revealed the importance of developing new areas of research and analysis. In line with the first vector, the HSE focused on: Monitoring and studying the situation and collecting and promoting university and school case studies on organizing work during a pandemic Leading and participating in professional reflections and discussions regarding experiences and training practices in the context of a lockdown The institution organized an array of surveys with students, teachers, parents, and representatives from regional and municipal education organizations and analyzed the results as quickly as possible. The main areas of research were problems of educational inequality and digital transformation. Based on the collected data, the Institute of Education managed to publish more than 30 analytical works between April and June of 2020.For the second vector, the HSE developed programs that seek to expand its geographic reach, implement flexible recruitment, and digitize communication with school students. Such programs aimed at: Training personnel while consulting with administrators and educators on the technological and legal aspects of the work of schools. Providing online instruction and assistance for students learning software tools and preparing for exams. Helping parents arrange support for children in the transition to distance learning. For this period, the HSE quickly and effectively expanded cooperation with schools in Moscow and regions around Russia that the institution developed over the last 15 years. Key current projects working in this direction are: The HSE School District The Lyceum Distributed Schools The Higher Students Academy The Higher School for Parents
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Sergey, Kosaretsky, and Likhatskikh Elena. "Supporting Elementary and Secondary Education During the Pandemic: A Case Study from the National Research University Higher School of Economics." In Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 243–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_16.

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AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented a formidable challenge to the Russian school system. Such global challenges and crises highlight the significance of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE)’s third mission: responsibility for the well-being of the community.As one of the first universities to offer support to elementary and secondary education systems in Russia during the pandemic, the HSE relied on its ability to create new scientific knowledge and make it useful in practice to provide versatile and targeted aid for students, teachers, regional administrators, and parents across the country. There were two main vectors of HSE activity at the time of the pandemic: (1) promoting the development of the Russian education system through research, monitoring, and coordination of scholars and analysts and (2) direct work with secondary and high school stakeholders using contemporary approaches for talent development and digital tools.The pandemic revealed the importance of developing new areas of research and analysis. In line with the first vector, the HSE focused on: Monitoring and studying the situation and collecting and promoting university and school case studies on organizing work during a pandemic Leading and participating in professional reflections and discussions regarding experiences and training practices in the context of a lockdown The institution organized an array of surveys with students, teachers, parents, and representatives from regional and municipal education organizations and analyzed the results as quickly as possible. The main areas of research were problems of educational inequality and digital transformation. Based on the collected data, the Institute of Education managed to publish more than 30 analytical works between April and June of 2020.For the second vector, the HSE developed programs that seek to expand its geographic reach, implement flexible recruitment, and digitize communication with school students. Such programs aimed at: Training personnel while consulting with administrators and educators on the technological and legal aspects of the work of schools. Providing online instruction and assistance for students learning software tools and preparing for exams. Helping parents arrange support for children in the transition to distance learning. For this period, the HSE quickly and effectively expanded cooperation with schools in Moscow and regions around Russia that the institution developed over the last 15 years. Key current projects working in this direction are: The HSE School District The Lyceum Distributed Schools The Higher Students Academy The Higher School for Parents
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Zaremberg, Gisela. "“We’re Either Burned or Frozen Out”: Society and Party Systems in Latin American Municipal Development Councils (Nicaragua, Venezuela, Mexico, and Brazil)." In New Institutions for Participatory Democracy in Latin America, 21–51. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137270580_2.

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Navarro, Clemente J., María Jesús Rodríguez-Garcia, Cristina Mateos, and Lucía Muñoz. "Place Equality Regimes and Municipal Choices in Metropolitan Spain: Regional Institutions and Local Political Orientations." In Inequality and Governance in the Metropolis, 125–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57378-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Municipal institution"

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Gimazova, Yulia Askhatovna. "Municipal Cultural Institution director and his intercommunication with other teachers." In 3rd International research and practical conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-114585.

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Полина, Кузнецова, and Суворова Валерия. "THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO ANALYSIS TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNANCE, ECONOMICS. Publishing House of Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2020.11.

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An analysis of the possibilities of applying theoretical approaches to the study of the territorial foundations of local self-government in the RF is presented. On the basis of the institutional approach, the understanding of the municipal formation as a political institution, conditioned by a complex of formal and informal practices, including the organization of municipal power, the political and administrative limits of its implementation, subject-object relations of local governments and the population, is formulated. The use of a community approach to the analysis of the territorial organization of local self-government makes it possible to study the communicative practices of interaction between the population and local self-government bodies, the degree of involvement of the local community in solving local issues. The use of the economic-geographical approach allows us to consider a municipal formation as a complex of resources that determine the level of its socioeconomic development.
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Pakhomova, Elizaveta, Olga Rybkina, and Elman Rzaev. "FROM APPOINTMENT TO A "TWO-HEAD" SYSTEM THROUGH ELECTIONS: EVOLUTION OF THE MAYORAL INSTITUTION IN NIZHNY NOVGOROD IN THE 1990S-2000S." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY. Digital Transformation State and Municipal Administration. Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2021.30.

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The article deals with issues related to the appointment and election of mayors of the city in the first two post-Soviet decades. Conclusions are drawn, according to which the effectiveness of the work of mayors and popularity among the population did not depend on how a citizen became the head of the city. It is determined that there are almost always opportunities for effective work as the head of the municipality, but it is also necessary to have a number of other factors, including, of course, the activity of citizens and the deputy corps, exerting pressure on the head of the city. Any order of election/appointment of the mayor has the right to exist.
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Karyukov, Aleksei. "REPRESENTATIVE BODIES OF MUNICIPALITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: WAYS OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AT THE PRESENT STAGE." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY. Digital Transformation State and Municipal Administration. Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2021.31.

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The article deals with the representative bodies of local self-government operating in various types of municipalities at the present time. To analyze the ways of forming representative bodies, the study used historical, comparative and statistical methods. The publication considers possible options for the formation of representative bodies in urban and municipal districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements. The main negative and positive trends in the functioning of representative bodies in the system of local self-government are revealed. It is concluded that at present, representative bodies retain their important position in the system of local self-government bodies, despite the reduction in their number. At the same time, the priority method of their formation remains municipal elections, which corresponds to the nature of local self-government as an institution of civil society.
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Tolstova, Tatiana Vladimirovna. "The opportunities of tourism and regional studies for teenagers at Municipal Budgetary Institution for Supplementary Education "Centre of Supplementary Education"." In IX International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-116739.

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Kauranena, Sandra, Dina Bite, and Zenija Kruzmetra. "Sustainable project management: case of culture projects in Zemgale planning region." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.54.019.

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Adherence to the principles of sustainability in the acquisition of different funds and financial instruments is one of the basic conditions for obtaining funding. In the field of cultural project management, sustainability is more difficult to assess because the concept of culture is multifaceted and not always quantifiable. Identifying and promoting the sustainability of the results of cultural projects outside large cities and in rural areas is particularly important, as each project implemented should serve the growth and cultural development of the area. Unfortunately, the lack of research on this issue proves the need to invest a great deal in identifying and analysing the situation. There is a lack of studies analysing the contribution of cultural projects to the development of regional territories and their long-term benefits. To do this, the research set a goal: to study the practice of ensuring sustainability of results of cultural projects in Zemgale planning region, Latvia. The research used quantitative and qualitative research methods - content analysis of Zemgale Planning Region municipal websites, document research and analysis of Zemgale Planning Region (state institution), as well as semi-structured interviews. The study reveals certain practices that municipal authorities are pursuing to ensure the sustainability of cultural projects, such as linking different activities, using the 'project basket' principle etc., but overall it has to be concluded that sustainable cultural project management still needs to be expanded and improved. There is often a lack of links and feedback between project applicants and final beneficiaries. There are no clear indicators to measure sustainability. New approaches need to be found not only to learn how to integrate sustainability principles into project management, but also to introduce a set of convenient and practical steps to make the desirable sustainability scenario described in theory a common practice in cultural project management.
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AMRANI, Nouha, Ilona SKAČKAUSKIENĖ, and Mohamed HEMMI. "PERFORMANCE PROCESS AND CONTEMPORARY PRACTICES IN MOROCCAN LOCAL AUTHORITIES: CASE STUDY OF URBAN MUNICIPALITY." In International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.588.

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Purpose – the aim of this paper is to shed light on a contemporary issue related to performance practices and approaches in Local Authotities (LA) while studying the case of an urban municipality. Research methodology – the methodology applied is a documentary analysis of the Municipal Action Plan (MAP) and semi-directive interviews with territorial executives and elected officials who contributed to the MAP’s elaboration. Findings – the results obtained show that the municipality adopts a developed performance approach similar to what has been applied in public institution according to the organic law of Finance (LOLF). Rresearch limitations – the results cannot be generalized because of choosing a single case study. In addition, some questions in the interview contain technical words that the interviewee does not master, which also risks biasing our results. Practical implications – on the theoretical level, these results can be the starting point for future research in such issues. On the practical level, the results obtained sensitize territorial responsible about the importance of performance approach and inspire them to implement it. Originality/Value – this study in among the rarer that attempted to understand the process of performance approach in LA, especially in Moroccan context, where most research tends to deal with problems related to the budget and financial aspect which reflects originality and novelty.
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Евгения, Вшикова. "DIRECTIONS FOR OPTIMIZING BUDGET EXPENDITURES FOR FINANCING MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS OF CULTURE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF PERM)." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNANCE, ECONOMICS. Publishing House of Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2020.16.

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The issues of optimization of budget expenditures for financing municipal cultural institutions are analyzed. The following directions of optimization are considered: unification (optimization) of municipal cultural institutions and the introduction of unified accounting. Based on the traditional analysis of documents, conclusions were drawn about the need to solve key problems of organizing and financing municipal cultural institutions of the city of Perm, and appropriate recommendations were developed.
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Rubinov, Mihail. "THE SOLVING OF URBAN TRAFFIC PROBLEMS: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY. Digital Transformation State and Municipal Administration. Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2021.19.

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The article reviewed theoretical approaches criteria for urban studies. Selected approaches greatly emphasize the information technology failure to entrepreneurial tasks’ solving, specifically, in the field of urban traffic problems. The discussion topic was proponed what institutional factors would be favorable for information technology effectual application in this field.
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Sokolitsyn, Alexandr S., Dmitriy N. Leont'ev, Dmitriy V. Ivanov, and Viktor P. Semenov. "The improvement of municipal budget financing mechanisms by using the property of municipal public institutions." In 2017 IEEE VI Forum on Strategic Partnership of Universities and Enterprises of Hi-Tech Branches - Science, Education, Innovations (SPUE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivforum.2017.8246062.

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Reports on the topic "Municipal institution"

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Zax, Jeffrey. Economic Effects of Municipal Government Institutions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1657.

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Poterba, James, and Kim Rueben. State Fiscal Institutions and the U.S. Municipal Bond Market. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6237.

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Astrakhantseva, A. S., and Zh S. Kulizhskaia. Approaches to managing efficiency gains activities of municipal institutions. «Экономика и предпринимательство», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/a-2018-32.

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Revi, Aromar, Madhumitha Srinivasan, Amir Bazaz, Manish Dubey, and Midhat Fatima Safdar. Indian Municipal Finance 2022. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/imf02.2022.

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The Constitution (Seventy-fourth) Amendment Act 1992 sought to empower urban local bodies as a third-tier of governance. Thirty years hence, the reality of Indian ULBs is far from their initial aspirations. ULBs in most states continue to struggle on almost all dimensions of the funds, functions, and functionaries continuum. Most have limited autonomy of functioning and capacities for planning, budgeting, expenditure management, procurement, implementation, and monitoring. The fiscal space for ULBs has been shrinking in most states, especially with constraints in expansion of the overall tax base, the growing central and state fiscal deficit, and the weakening of the vertical and horizontal institutional mechanisms for resource mobilisation, coordination, and transfer.
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Comunicación de las Ciencias, Centro. Concepto de ciudadanía: una mirada más allá del estado-nación. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/9585202023.

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El investigador Simón Escoffier del Instituto Chileno de Estudios Municipales (ICHEM) de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile recientemente publicó una investigación sobre cómo se construye la ciudadanía desde la movilización social en sectores marginales urbanos, «mobilisational citizenship», concepto que evolucionó desde una perspectiva territorialista hacia otra de pertenencia.
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Metcalfe, Chris, Lisa Guppy, and Manzoor Qadir. Global Barriers To Improving Water Quality: A Critical Review. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/srlt7852.

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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 sets ambitious targets for improving global water quality prior to 2030. However, in low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), there are significant barriers to improving water quality. Progress towards achieving the SGD 6 targets is unlikely unless there are programmes put in place to address these barriers. In this critical review, we document past experiences that show that interventions within LICs and LMICs to reduce sources of water pollution from industries, municipal wastewater and agricultural runoff have been largely ineffective. We review evidence that improvements to water quality are likely to lag behind advances in other SGD targets in countries with developing economies. Finally, water quality monitoring programmes in many nations are unlikely to be effective because of inadequate frequency and density of measurements, as well as unreasonable expectations regarding the scope of the monitoring programmes . We present some potential solutions to these problems, including setting realistic objectives for monitoring programmes, developing appropriate, lowcost solutions for pollution abatement and focusing on strengthening institutional and regulatory capacity.
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Energy management action plan: Developing a strategy for overcoming institutional barriers to municipal energy conservation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10118273.

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