Journal articles on the topic 'Municipal government – Environmental aspects – Australia'
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1
Cirillo, Brenda, and Oriana Almeida. "THE LIMITS TO THE OPERATION OF MUNICIPAL PUBLIC POWER IN THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF MARAPANIM AND ITACAIÚNAS RIVER BASIN, STATE OF PARÁ." Revista Geografares 1, no. 31 (December 8, 2020): 268–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.31165.
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River basin management is closely related to land use management planning, confirming the need to adjust municipal land management with water management. In the state of Pará, aspects such as territorial extension, poor intermunicipal organization, and relative qualitative and quantitative abundance of the resource, among others, are particularities that provide greater challenges to the implementation of water resources policies, which demonstrates the importance of acting on a local level. To identify how the municipal government acts in the management of water resources, at local and intercity level, in the state, and what is its relationship with the state management body, interviews were conducted at 19 municipal environmental secretariats located in the territory of two river basins: Marapanim and Itacaiúnas, both entirely located within the state. It was found the existence of both logistical and institutional limitations of the municipal government concerning environmental management, and also concerning the performance of the state government, as a political entity, in promoting the aspects of participation and decentralization of management.
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Jakšić, Pavle, and Ozren Uzelac. "Legal and economic aspects of the use of municipal bonds." Ekonomija: teorija i praksa 15, no. 2 (2022): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/etp2202071j.
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By borrowing on the financial market, local self-government units in the Republic of Serbia can finance their own needs. It is up to the local self-governments to decide whether to opt for financing through credit borrowing or through the issue of municipal bonds. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the conditions and purpose for which cities, municipalities and local governments in Serbia and in the countries of the region issued municipal bonds. In this regard, the basic characteristics of the analyzed emissions are emphasized, relying on the normative framework of each country individually. The paper points out the basic specifics of municipal bonds.. The aim of this paper is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the issue of these bonds in relation to credit borrowing as a possible type of financing.
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Skaburskis, A. "Goals for Restructuring Local Government Boundaries: Canadian Lessons." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 10, no. 2 (June 1992): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c100159.
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In this paper the goals that can be pursued by a senior government that is considering proposals for changing the size of local jurisdictions are examined. The process of change and the options the senior government may consider when facing conflicts raised by municipal incorporation, annexation, or amalgamation proposals are considered. This paper is about Canadian cities, but the discussion is based on literature drawing on insights and experience gained in Europe, the United States, and Australia as well as in Canada.
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Wijaya, I. N. S., and E. E. Nurlaelih. "DEMATEL operation as supporting tool in defining Strategic issue of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA): A case study of SEA for development plan of Jombang Municipality." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 916, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/916/1/012031.
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Abstract The difficulty in performing Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the municipal development planning process has not merely concerned with aspects such as time, data, and budget for the project. One crucial problem involves the limitation of knowledge and practical capability of the local government to conduct the analysis. At the municipal level, defining the environmental issue has become a catastrophe in the decision-making process. Most Indonesian municipal governments have difficulties in drafting the most strategic environmental issue regarding mess ecological phenomena. Meanwhile, the most strategic issue plays vital roles for developing the scenario of the development plan. This paper aims to demonstrate the application of the DEMATEL Technique in defining the strategic environmental issue at a municipal level. In addition, this paper examines the SEA process of Jombang Municipality, especially the conducted analysis in assisting the municipal government decision-making towards Jombang’s most strategic environmental issue. As a result, the DEMATEL has proved to be the effective technique to draw the logical interrelation map among the critical environmental issues. Further, upon applying the interrelation map, the most influencing issue for others are feasible to be identified and defined as the most strategic environmental issue.
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Tolkovanov, Vyacheslav Viktorovych. "LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN MOLDOVA: CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR FURTHER MUNICIPAL CONSOLIDATION." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 2(10) (2017): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2017-1-2(10)-178-184.
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Urgency of the research. The importance of studying the different aspects of local economic development (LED) is explained by the fact that LED is defined as a key element for ensuring further municipal consolidation. The experience of the Republic of Moldova could be also used in Ukraine, in particular in the framework of the local self-government reform implementation. Target setting. It is reasonable to study the different aspects of local economic development (LED) in Republic of Moldova, to highlight its current status and perspectives for its further evolution in order to give reasons for the possibilities of its implementation in Ukraine and ensuring municipal consolidation. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The scientific works of such Ukrainian and foreign researchers and scientists as R. Herzog, G. Marcou, N. Mikula, O. Morozov, M. Pukhtynskiy, O. Povajniy, O. Romanuk and others deal with the different aspects of local economic development in different European countries, in particular in the Republic of Moldova. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The experience of the Republic of Moldova in the field of local economic development (LED) is not yet sufficiently highlighted in Ukraine. In this regard, the scientists have to develop the argumentation of more active using of the different forms of LED for ensuring further municipal consolidation and local self-government reform implementation. The research objective. The article aims to highlight the current status and the perspectives of local economic development in the Republic of Moldova, in particular in the frame-work of local self-government reform implementation. The statement of basic materials. The article proves the expediency of using the different forms of local economic development (LED) for ensuring municipal consolidation and successful realisation of local self-government reform. The special attention is paid to the analysis of the new legislation of the Republic Moldova in the field of decentralisation and LED, fulfilment by the National Government of its commit-ments as well as the international organisations’ recommendations on local self-government development and fiscal decentralisation. The author also prepared the detailed recommendations on further realisation of the decentralisation policy and local economic development in this country. Conclusions. Local economic development represents an integrative part of the local self-government reform in all European countries, including Moldova. Taking into account the successful realization of the decentralization policy in the Republic Moldova, the experience of this neighbor country will be useful for ensuring municipal consolidation and local self-government reform implementation in Ukraine.
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Гайдай, Володимир. "Mechanisms for ensuring public order protection at the local level in conditions of decentralization of government: EU experience for Ukraine." Public administration aspects 9, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/152119.
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The aim of the article is to study the experience of the emergence and development of municipal law enforcement agencies, to analyse the current state of local police in European countries. The other aim of the article is to study the development of local police, the state of legal, economic support in Ukraine, to form suggestions for the development of municipal police in Ukraine.The initiated reform of decentralization of power in Ukraine, active development of local self-government, building civil society, creation of united territorial communities, transfer of resources, powers from the central level to local levels in the framework of decentralization and local government reform have necessitated the strengthening role of local self-government. Protection of public order should go together with strengthening of a role of local governments in the spheres of medicine and education, in rendering accessible and qualitative administrative, municipal, social services. An additional condition for the formation of local law enforcement is the connection between the development of local self-government in democracies with the development of local law enforcement.Accordingly, the urgency and need to create municipal police in Ukraine, which is a democratic state, is beyond doubt, as evidenced by the active discussion of this topic, both among officials and the public.The world experience of the emergence and current state of functioning of the municipal police in European countries with democratic political regimes has been analysed in the article. Trends in the development of municipal police in European countries have been identified. The existing world models of financial support of the municipal police have been determined.Domestic approaches to the creation of municipal police have been considered. The current state of development of projects of municipal law enforcement forces, the state of adoption of the regulatory framework for the implementation of the functioning of the municipal guard has been studied. An analysis of problematic aspects of the functioning of the National Police of Ukraine, the state of corruption in Ukraine as a way for possible abuse and use of law enforcement agencies for the interests of certain classes has been made. Based on the experience of European EU member states, recommendations on the organization and definition of sources of funding for municipal law enforcement agencies have been made.
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Чиркін, А. С. "OVERVIEW OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT POWERS IN THE FIELD OF THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION: THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE." Актуальні проблеми права: теорія і практика, no. 2 (42) (January 27, 2022): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/2218-5461-2021-42-2-176-184.
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The article analyzes the environmental competence of local governments of leading European countries.It is noted which powers of the municipal government in the field of environmental protection were transferredto the local level due to decentralization. Positive aspects are highlighted, which can be further used by nationallocal governments.In view of the above, it is obvious that in Ukraine, in order to increase the efficiency of local selfgovernmentbodies in the environmental sphere, it is necessary to more clearly define the functions and powersand their responsibility for decision-making. It should also be noted that there is a lack of harmonization ofregulations in this area at the local, regional and state levels. The result is duplication of functions and disputesbeyond authority. European experience shows the expediency of expanding the competence of local selfgovernmentin the field of environmental protection and a clear definition of the powers of municipal authorities.The effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the activities of municipal bodies in the field ofenvironmental protection in order to ensure sustainable use of nature and environmental protection depends ona clear demarcation of functions and powers of local self-government bodies and legislative regulation of theresponsibility of local authorities for their decisions. It is obvious that research and use of the experience ofEuropean countries in the research area will contribute to this.
Key words: competence, ecological powers, decentralization, European experience.
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Chiou, R. J., T. C. Chang, and C. F. Ouyang. "Aspects of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse for future water resource shortages in Taiwan." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2007): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.058.
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The Water Resources Agency (WRA), Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) has predicted that the annual water demand in Taiwan will reach approximately 20 billion m3 by 2021. However, the present water supply is only 18 billion m3 per year. This means that an additional 2 billion m3 have to be developed in the next 17 years. The reuse of treated wastewater effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants could be one target for the development of new water resources. The responsible government departments already have plans to construct public sewerage systems in order to improve the quality of life of the populace and protect the environment. The treated wastewater effluent from such municipal wastewater treatment plants could be a very stable and readily available secondary type of water resource, different from the traditional types of water resources. The major areas where reclaimed municipal wastewater can be used to replace traditional fresh water resources include agricultural and landscape irrigation, street cleaning, toilet flushing, secondary industrial reuse and environmental uses. However, necessary wastewater reclamation and reuse systems have not yet been established. The requirements for their establishment include water reuse guidelines and criteria, the elimination of health risks ensuring safe use, the determination of the wastewater treatment level appropriate for the reuse category, as well as the development and application of management systems reuse. An integrated system for water reuse would be of great benefit to us all by providing more efficient ways to utilise the water resources.
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Barclay, Kate. "The Social in Assessing for Sustainability. Fisheries in Australia." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 3 (November 5, 2012): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v4i3.2655.
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The notion that sustainability rests on three pillars – economic, environmental and social – has been widely accepted since the 1990s. In practice, however, the economic and environmental aspects have tended to dominate the sustainability agenda, and social aspects have been sidelined. Two reasons for this are: 1) there is a lack of data collected about which to build meaningful pictures of social aspects of sustainability for populations over time, and 2) there is a lack of recognition of the role of social factors in sustainability, and a related lack of understanding of how to analyse them in conjunction with economic and environmental factors. This paper surveys the literature about sustainability in fisheries, focussing on Australia, and focussing on the way social aspects have been treated. The paper finds that the problems that have been identified for assessing the social in sustainability in general are certainly manifest in fisheries. Management of Australian fisheries has arguably made great improvements to biological sustainability over the last decade, but much remains to be done to generate similar improvements in social sustainability for fishing communities. This is the case for government-run resource management as well as for initiatives from the private sector and conservation organizations as part of movements for corporate social responsibility and ethical consumerism. A significant challenge for improving sustainability in Australian fisheries, therefore, lies in improving data collection on social factors, and in bridging disciplinary divides to better integrate social with economic and biological assessments of sustainability.
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Katz, Mike. "International Professional Development Cooperation Study Tours for Environmental, Social and Sustainable Development for the Indian Mining Sector." Journal of International Cooperation and Development 5, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2022-0006.
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The Key Centre for Mines International, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia undertook professional development mining education and cooperation training study tours for overseas government fellows and groups as well as private mining companies from 1988 – 2010. During the technical environmental development short courses at the university and visits to Australian mines and government offices, the programs also covered important social and sustainable aspects as well as relevant briefings on government mining law and regulations, industry’s best practice and community engagement. Details are presented for two major successful international cooperation Indian projects, a World Bank mine environment program in 2004 for state government officials and a TATA Steel Limited coal and iron mine executives and managers training program in 2010.
Received: 21 April 2022 / Accepted: 30 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022
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PFUELLER, SHARRON L. "Role of bioregionalism in Bookmark Biosphere Reserve, Australia." Environmental Conservation 35, no. 2 (June 2008): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892908004839.
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SUMMARYBioregionalism claims that interaction between the biophysical and human components of a region generates place-based environmental and social understanding and concern, which lead to locally shared power and responsibility in cooperative land management and governance. The Man and the Biosphere Programme's Seville Strategy calls for local community participation in a multi-stakeholder ecosystem-based approach to conservation, but it is unclear if tenets of bioregionalism play a role in its implementation. Bookmark Biosphere Reserve (BBR) in Australia has substantially succeeded in scientific research and monitoring, conservation, environmental education and sustainable land-use initiatives. Aspects of bioregionalism (for example recognition of the region's unique identity, local community sense of responsibility, integration of local knowledge, presence of motivated local leaders and cooperative community-based management through a network of groups) have contributed to success. Other crucial factors were funding, technical and scientific information and support from government agencies, leadership from members of state and federal government and from private philanthropic foundations, community capacity-building for sustainable land management and availability of volunteers from outside the region. Nevertheless, conflict arose in relation to governance, originating from the recognized difficulties of reconciling a diversity of allegiances, motivations, management styles and personalities, and resulted in division of BBR into two, one section being managed largely through the private sector and community volunteers, the other (renamed Riverland Biosphere Reserve) coordinated by a committee with more diverse affiliations. Bioregionalism can play a role in biosphere reserves but motivations and resources of external public and private organizations are also vital. Avoiding weaknesses of bioregional approaches requires greater attention to social aspects of environmental management. Governance structures and processes need to be inclusive, flexible and equitable in decision making and access to funds. They should support both agency and community-initiated activities and include conflict resolution mechanisms.
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Kravchenko, Viktor V. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES OF FUNCTIONING OF SUBMUNICIPAL LEVEL OF GOVERNANCE IN THE SYSTEM OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT." Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series "Law" 2, no. 3 (December 2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2709-6408-2021-2-3-6.
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The article is devoted to organizational and legal issues of functioning of the sub-municipal level of government. The preliminary consequences of the administrative-territorial reform carried out by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in 2020, which is an important component of decentralization as the transfer of powers to provide public services to local governments should be accompanied by the consolidation of territorial communities, show some positive results. The author thoroughly analyzes that the domestic experience of functioning of new territorial communities, the experience of foreign countries allows to highlight the relevant negative aspects (legal, organizational, economic, social, etc.) that accompany the process of consolidation. It is determined that in communities with a large area of jurisdiction and a large number of settlements it is much more difficult to implement the requirements of relevant European documents for the development of local democracy, in particular, the Basic Principles of Democratic Participation at Local Level. The point of view of limiting the influence of negative factors that arose in the process of forming a new territorial basis of local self-government will allow the introduction of an auxiliary level of government in the system of local self-government. Two options for building a modern model of municipal governance in large communities and its organizational and legal support, taking into account European standards and principles. It is noted that the current legislation of Ukraine on selforganization of the population does not allow to fully reveal their potential as a sub-municipal level of community development and management, and does not meet the requirements of the current stage of reforming the territorial organization of power on the basis of decentralization. It is noted that the advantages of introducing support units are: decentralization, empowerment of local communities - individual and collective ability to influence decisions and plans for their community, bringing “power” to the people, improving the effectiveness of decisions and actions of local governments. Because on the ground much better awareness of the needs and current situation in the community, localization – at the level of local communities there are certain values, the loss of which is unacceptable – social ties, neighborhood, interaction. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to decentralize municipal government by introducing a full sub-municipal level in the system of local self-government, as well as legislative consolidation of Starostinsky districts as an auxiliary territorial level and determining the formation and operation of their representative and executive bodies.
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Sujai, Mahpud. "Mendorong Sistem Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional Baru di Indonesia; Belajar dari Pengalaman Australia." Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan 17, no. 3 (November 9, 2015): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31685/kek.v17i3.16.
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Significant change of Indonesian economy has lead to the need of people more than just basic need such as food and clothes. Others such as health and education have become a must for Indonesian. Anticipating this condition, government will implement new universal coverage health system in 2014 as mandated by law. This paper has objectives to explore several aspects which contribute or influence to the policy formulation and implementation, particularly in designing new health insurance system in Indonesia and learning from Australian experience and best practice. Methodology used in this paper is both primary research such as in depth interview with some health economist, expert form universities, government researcher as well as observation to the organization that manage health system in Australia and secondary research by doing literature review of health insurance system, benchmarking, compare and contrast the health insurance system in Indonesia and Australia and analyze the best and suitable ones for implemented in the future. There are several interesting findings that can be recommended such as Australian health reform and relationship between public and private health system.
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Campbell, Lachlan. "Wimmera River (Victoria, Australia) – Increasing Use of a Diminishing Resource." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0058.
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The Wimmera River is central western Victoria's most important river, rising in the Grampians National Park, filling storages that supply the major water supply to the vast Wimmera and Mallee regions. It passes through the Little Desert National Park, an area of significant scenic, recreation, historical and conservation value and terminates in Victoria's largest inland freshwater lakes (Lakes Hindmarsh and Albacutya). The brittleness of the whole closed Wimmera River system, and the over committal of the water resources was brought to the public's attention when appeals were lodged against the proposal to licence a discharge of high standard secondary effluent from an extended aeration oxidation ditch and lagoon treatment facility at Horsham. Residents, user and community groups, Municipal Councils and Government Departments, aware of the deterioration of the Wimmera River had somewhere to focus their attention. Victoria's and possibly Australia's longest environmental appeal, lasting twenty-five days, and a State Environment Protection Policy, determined that all major point sources of nutrients should be removed from the River. More resources for clearing of unwanted emergent weeds, more facilities for protection of Crown Land and catchments generally, and the implementation of environmental summer flows as piping of the Wimmera-Mallee Stock and Domestic System proceeds, are all required. A River Management Board with strength, wealth, good public relations and a dedication to the task could make the Wimmera River an example for all Australia and a tourist attraction of immense value to the region.
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Gavkalova, Nataliia, Liudmyla Akimova, Alina Zilinska, Lyudmyla Avedyan, Oleksandr Akimov, and Yulia Kyrychenko. "EFFICIENCY IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING SUSTAINABLE TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 4, no. 45 (September 5, 2022): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.4.45.2022.3830.
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Today, there are problems of increasing economic, social, and financial stability and environmental protection (security) in Ukraine, and they are extremely relevant and important. They necessitate the solution of complex tasks aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of communities by means of effective state policy. The article summarizes and develops an approach to the realization of the national interests of Ukraine in the context of the continuous development of communities. It has received international recognition and is thus a system of views on the movement of economies and communities as their consistent interaction with each other and with nature. Today, it is recognized as a valuable model of the future world civilization, which marks the latest state of social development and is recognized as post-industrial. The theory and practice of sustainable development is a reflection of the objective need for economic reorientation and all social development with urgent consideration of the preservation of natural and human opportunities for current and future generations. For Ukraine, especially in view of its integration policy, the introduction of the concept of sustainable development acquires not only scientific but also political relevance and is one of the significant aspects of improving the efficiency of municipal self-government and achieving the best results. Thus, among the criteria of sustainable development of regions, it is expedient to include the criteria of municipal self-government activities, which would contribute to the dynamic and sustainable development of municipal entities, but the basic and optimal level of implementation of ideas and national interests of sustainable development is the municipal level. Therefore, local authorities should ensure the sustainable development of communities, taking into account the principles of local self-government and creating conditions for the transfer of a minimum economic, ecological and social debt to future generations.
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Steenkamp, Rochine Melandri. "Municipal Instruments in Law for Cultural Heritage Protection: A Case Study of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (September 1, 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a6435.
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This article questions the extent to which municipal bylaws aimed at cultural heritage resource management (CHRM) reflect the objectives of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution), national legislation and the discourse on cultural governance more broadly. In terms of Schedule 4A of the Constitution, the function of "cultural matters" is not an original power of local government. It is a function assigned to the national and provincial spheres. Municipalities are assumed, however, to have a responsibility to execute aspects of this function that may be incidental to other typical local government functions. This view finds support in the interpretation of various rights in the Constitution (e.g. sections 15, 30, 31 and 24) as well as the heritage, environmental and local government framework legislation and policy documents of South Africa. The premise of this article is that cultural heritage resource management by way of instruments such as bylaws promotes the overarching objectives of local government, such as sustainable development, while also promoting the rights to culture, language and religion, amongst others. To expand on its theoretical basis, this article provides a critical assessment of the bylaws of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality
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Rabbani, Masoud, Parisa Hashemi, Pegah Bineshpour, and Hamed Farrokhi-Asl. "Municipal solid waste management considering NGO’s role in consumer environmental awareness and government regulations for air pollution." Journal of Modelling in Management 15, no. 3 (February 24, 2020): 783–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-08-2018-0128.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to examine the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in increasing customer environmental awareness (CEA) to decrease the municipal solid waste (MSW), and secondly, to examine the effect of government policies in the amount of air pollution caused by transfer stations (TSs). Design/methodology/approach This study proposes a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. For solving this multi-objective problem, the authors use epsilon constraint method, which presented eight Pareto solutions. For selecting the best solution, the analytic hierarchy process approach is used. The presented model is applied on a real case study, and the results are discussed and sensitivity analysis is implemented on the parameters of the concern. Findings This study confirms the assumption that by allocating budget to NGOs for increasing CEA, the produced waste will be decreased. Research limitations/implications In the present study, the authors only investigate air pollution caused by TS. Future studies can investigate other types of pollution. Furthermore, uncertainty in the amount of produced waste can be variable making the problem closer to the real environment. In this case, robust optimization may have better results. Practical implications Based on the results of sensitivity analysis, some implications obtain that can highlight by managers in the decision-making process. The operational costs of TS have a critical aspect in founding TS, so using new technology and high-tech machines for operational processes of TSs, can result in decreasing the running cost of TSs. Also, the determination of TS capacity is a remarkable issue in optimization, which should be paid special attention to this for the design of TSs in the planning phase of the system. Moreover, collaborating with NGOs has a good effect on increasing CEA that results in a decrease of MSW. Originality/value The role of NGOs and government simultaneity has been considered in a green supply chain. Moreover, the authors considered TS between source and disposal that reduce the time of transferring waste. Therefore, this study can be beneficial for the MSW management system, which faces the problems in the lack of capacity and transportation problems and environmental issues by proposing solutions in three studies including economic, environmental and social aspects.
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Ashe, Marice, Gary Bennett, Christina Economos, Elizabeth Goodman, Joe Schilling, Lisa Quintiliani, Sara Rosenbaum, Jeff Vincent, and Aviva Must. "Assessing Coordination of Legal-Based Efforts across Jurisdictions and Sectors for Obesity Prevention and Control." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, S1 (2009): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00391.x.
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America’s increasing obesity problem requires federal, state, and local lawyers, policymakers, and public health practitioners to consider legal strategies to encourage healthy eating and physical activity. The complexity of the legal landscape as it affects obesity requires an analysis of coordination across multiple sectors and disciplines. Government jurisdictions can be viewed “vertically,” including the local, state, tribal, and federal levels, or “horizontally” as agencies or branches of government at the same vertical level. Inspired by the successful tobacco control movement, obesity prevention advocates seek comprehensive strategies to “normalize” healthy behaviors by creating environmental and legal changes that ensure healthy choices are the default or easy choices. With many competing demands on diminishing municipal budgets, strategic coordination both vertically and horizontally is essential to foster the environmental and social changes needed to reverse the obesity epidemic.
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Nnaji, Charles Chidozie. "Status of municipal solid waste generation and disposal in Nigeria." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-08-2013-0092.
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Purpose – This paper examined the current status of municipal solid waste management across Nigeria. The core aspects covered are generation, characterization, collection, scavenging, open dumping, disposal and environmental implications of poor solid waste management. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of the current state of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – This study was executed by a combination of an extensive literature search and field study. Solid waste generation rates for 31 Nigerian cities were obtained from literature. In addition, characteristics of municipal solid waste from 26 Nigerian cities were also obtained from literature. Other aspects such as characterization of solid waste obtained from final dumpsite and heavy metals accumulation in solid waste dumpsites were undertaken first hand. Findings – Solid waste generation rate was found to vary from 0.13 kg/capita/day in Ogbomosho to 0.71 kg/capita/day in Ado-Ekiti. Factors affecting solid waste generation rates were identified. Typically, food waste was found to constitute close to 50 percent of overall municipal solid waste in Nigerian cities. This study shows that the rate of generation of plastics, water proof materials and diapers has assumed an upward trend. Due to the dysfunctional state of many municipal waste management authorities, many cities have been overrun by open dumps. For instance, more than 50 percent of residents of Maiduguri in northern Nigeria and Ughelli in southern Nigeria dispose of their waste in open dumps. Indiscriminate disposal of waste has also resulted in the preponderance of toxic heavy metals in agricultural soils and consequent bioaccumulation in plants as well as groundwater contamination. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this research is municipal waste management authorities do not have relevant data. Hence, there was heavy reliance on published materials. The status of waste management in Nigeria is very deplorable and therefore poses serious threats to public and environmental health. There is urgent need for both government and individuals to adopt holistic and sustainable waste management strategies in order to safeguard public/environmental health. Practical implications – Findings from this paper can form a veritable resource for the formulation and implementation of sustainable municipal solid waste management framework and strategies in Nigeria. Originality/value – While most studies on municipal solid waste management in Nigeria are focussed on selected cities of interest, this particular study cuts across most cities of Nigeria in order to present a broader and holistic view of municipal solid waste management in Nigeria. The paper has also unraveled core municipal solid waste management challenges facing Nigerian cities.
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Lewis, David. "Taxation aspects of climate change management measures." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09015.
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Climate change is undoubtedly one of the greatest economic, social, and environmental challenges now facing the world. The present Australian Government is committed to acting on climate change and Australia’s progress towards its emissions reduction targets is being closely watched internationally. To contribute effectively to global climate change action, Australia must demonstrate its ability to implement robust and sustainable domestic emissions management legislation. The Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS), modelled after the cap-and-trade system, continues to be debated by our policymakers, as the Government moves to re-introduce its preferred CPRS legislative package for the third time. The advent of climate change legislation is inevitable and its impact will be far-reaching. This paper reviews the fiscal aspects of the proposed CPRS legislation in the context of the oil and gas industry, and whether it is conducive to creating incentives for appropriate climate change response by the industry. In particular, this paper will consider: the direct and indirect tax features specifically covered in the proposed CPRS legislation and their implications; the areas of taxation that remain uncanvassed in the proposed CPRS legislation and aspects requiring clarification from the tax administration; the interaction between Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) and the CPRS measures; the flow-on impacts to taxation outcomes resulting from proposed accounting and financial reporting responses to the CPRS legislation; the income tax and PRRT treatment of selected abatement measures; and, elements of a good CPRS tax strategy and compliance action plan.
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ORLIV, Mariana. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BALANCED SCORECARD MODEL IN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 308, no. 4 (July 28, 2022): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-308-4-16.
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Relevance of the study is due to the need to implement tools of strategic municipal management in local self-government authorities in order to successfully complete the reform of decentralization. Foreign experience testifies that one such tool is the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) of Kaplan and Norton, which was evolved from a performance management tool for business to a dominant system of strategic management in the public setor. This tool allows use of non-financial indicators, take into account social aspects and environment as well as manage risks under uncertainty. The article argues that the BSC implementation in local self-government authorities will ensure the solution of the following tasks: 1) aligning the strategic and tactical goals with measures for their implementation; 2) increasing the institutional capacity of authorities (through development and motivation of personnel, formation of innovative organizational culture, introduction of performance management system, improvement of internal processes, development of information systems); 3) increasing the transparency and stakeholders confidence, in particular foreign investors, to attract financing in the post-war period. It was found that the structure of the BSC model and the algorithm of its implementation depend on the field of activity, size, tasks and features of the organization. An algorithm for developing the BSC model of the city council executive committee (its structural unit for the pilot project implementation) is proposed and the main strategies for the four components of this model (stakeholders, finance, internal processes, training and development) are identified. Based on the experience of Canada, Denmark, the Czech Republic and other countries, the main advantages, conditions of success and challenges of implementing the BSC concept in local self-government authorities are identified, taking into account political, organizational, financial and other aspects. It is proposed to define the ways to solve considered challenges using the design thinking methodology.
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Norcross, K. L. "Sequencing Batch Reactors - An Overview." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0778.
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Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR's) offer many advantages and few disadvantages to the wastewater treatment process selection. Due to the relatively recent surge of interest in SBR's, few plants have been on-line long enough for Engineers to have developed a thorough understanding of all design aspects and considerations. The author has been involved directly in the design, equipment supply, start-up and operation of almost 60 SBR's of all sizes. About two thirds of the installations are municipal and one-third of these installations are industrial sites involving wastes from food processors, dairies, distilleries, petro-chemical manufacturers, landfill leachate, tanneries, Government munition plants and pharmaceutical manufacturers. The control of filamentous bulking has also been excellent with SBR's. This paper will consider the mechanical, process and control aspects for design of an SBR. The mechanical aspects will include HRT and basin sizing, selection of aeration equipment and effluent decanters. The process parameters discussed will include loading rates and F:M considerations, MLSS concentration, oxygen requirements and D.O. uptake rate, flow proportional aeration, the benefits of an anoxic fill cycle, and finally, nutrient removal. Control considerations are briefly discussed.
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Urbinatti, Alberto Matenhauer, Simone Ley Omori-Honda, Carolina Monteiro de de Carvalho, Klaus Frey, Pedro Roberto Jacobi, and Leandro Luiz Giatti. "‘Nexus’ Narratives in Urban Vulnerable Places: Pathways to Sustainability via Municipal Health Programs in Brazil." World 4, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/world4010002.
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In recent years, the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus approach has been widely used as a framework in the context of urban Sustainability. However, some elements of the approach are normative, leading to a technical view of resources and technocratic policy implementation. To avoid such tendencies, this study uses the framework of ‘nexus of humility’. We used insights from the Science and Technology Studies to better assess the interactions between water, energy, and food, and consider the social construction aspects of the nexus itself. The approach of Pathways to Sustainability is combined with this framework to analyze two government programs in the cities of São Paulo and Guarulhos, Brazil; namely, the Green and Healthy Environments Program and the Environmental Health Program, respectively. We interviewed 20 individuals linked to these policies and analyzed narratives inductively and deductively. The results showed six groups of narratives, namely: environmental and social determinants of health, health prevention and promotion, intersectorality, politics and economy, territory, learning, and participation. Moreover, we concluded that narratives related to the WEF nexus, even if not explicitly part of the government guidelines, are present within the existing axes of action. Public health was understood as an important support pillar for the development of synergies related to Sustainability in urban areas. Finally, we sought to contribute to the literature by showing how this new framework can ‘open up’ avenues for sustainability within the contexts of high urban vulnerability and social inequality.
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Coronado, Francisco. "The concentration of people and investments in the capital of a country of Latin America." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 15, no. 3 (October 22, 2019): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-08-2018-0074.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the population growth, migration, poverty, economic, political, environmental aspects and the management of the budget at national and municipal levels, including information of other cities in Peru, to define the effect on the quality of life of the population and formulate a management recommendation to help improve the quality of life in Lima and on intermediate cities. Design/methodology/approach The methodology of the study consisted on collect, review and select important factors that influence the quality of life in a big city, in this case in Lima, the concentration of people of Peru in Lima, migration and poverty, the coverage and quality of services, the concentration of the economy, public and private investments and services in Lima, some political aspects and a view of the available budget and the needed investment. Findings The deficiencies in the habitability conditions of the residents of Lima were verified considering the limited infrastructure and public services, the low level of investments and the limited effectiveness of the technical and administrative work of the municipal authorities and the central government. Although studies on other important cities in Peru are more limited, it could be said that similar limitations are being presented for example in transportation. Research limitations/implications The main obstacle to the study is the limited availability of information of such broad aspects that characterize a city that could not be covered in one paper. Practical implications The result of the study supports the need to implement appropriate management decisions about urban planning and investment policies for Metropolitan Lima, as well as to raise municipal and central government technical and legal conditions that are attractive for residents and investors for other cities in the country seeking their development, as well as to help counteract the concentration of people in Lima to control the demands of their habitability. Social implications The study could impact not only in the habitability conditions of about 10m inhabitants of Lima, but to all the 30m inhabitants of Perú. Originality/value Presents an unified vision of the social, economic and political deficiencies to the provision of services to a city concentrating the population of a country.
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Peráček, Tomáš, Mária Srebalová, and Stanislav Filip. "Slovak Self-governments` Legislative Aspects of the Possibilities in Dealing with Nuclear and Other Extraordinary Events." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 20, no. 3 (June 21, 2022): 545–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/20.3.545-563(2022).
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The scientific article focuses primarily on management problems involving municipal self-government in solving the crisis situation of the population in cases not only exceptional nuclear events. It stresses the need to respond flexibly with a legislative solution to the lack of regulation. The main focus of research is to define the legal basis for the protection of the population at national level. It then focuses on proposals for legal solutions that will enable adequate protection of the population of the affected territories in the Slovak Republic. Using selected scientific methods of examination, we critically evaluate the legislative difficulties limiting the preparedness of the management of municipalities to cases of possible exceptional events especially nuclear events. The result and added value of our examination are proposals for more appropriate regulation in terms of protecting the lives, health, property and social security of the affected population.
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Serrano-Cinca, Carlos, Mar Rueda-Tomás, and Pilar Portillo-Tarragona. "Factors Influencing E-Disclosure in Local Public Administrations." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 27, no. 2 (April 2009): 355–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c07116r.
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We study the determinants of voluntary Internet financial reporting (e-disclosure) by local public administrations. We present hypotheses regarding the relationship between e-disclosure and city size, the issuing of municipal bonds, financial features, Internet visibility, the level of e-government, and diverse political aspects. We also examine the influence of external factors, such as citizens' income level, their educational level, and their sociopolitical commitment. The hypotheses were empirically tested, using a sample of ninety-two Spanish local public administrations. The data support the hypotheses, with different levels of robustness, and show that size, political will, and citizens' income level all affect e-disclosure.
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J. Mason, T., W. M. Lonsdale, and K. French. "Environmental weed control policy in Australia: current approaches, policy limitations and future directions." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 4 (2005): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050233.
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Plant invasions of natural systems threaten biodiversity and ecosystem processes across many biomes. Historically most plant invasions have been facilitated by human activities such as industry, transport and landscape modification. Consequently, both causes and management of weed invasion are dependent on human behaviour and management advice provided by ecologists needs to take account of this fact. This paper assesses current environmental weed control policy in Australia and asks: are government, land managers and the scientific community using available social levers to achieve optimal weed management? We do this by comparing aspects of weed policy with a generalized natural resource policy framework. Adequacy of issue characterization and policy framing are discussed with particular reference to public perceptions of the weed problem, policy scaling and defining policy principles and goals. The implementation of policy Instruments, including regulation, VOluntary incentives, education, Information, motivational instruments, property-right instruments and pricing mechanisms are reviewed. Limitations of current instruments and potential options to improve instrument effectiveness are discussed. Funding arrangements for environmental weed control are also reported: environmental weed invasion generally represents an external cost to economic markets which has resulted in relatively low funding levels for control operations. Finally, review and monitoring procedures in weed programmes and policy are addressed. Rigorous monitoring systems are important in effective, adaptive weed management where control techniques are continually refined to improve ecological outcomes. The utility of maintaining links between project outcomes and policy inputs along with methods of implementing appropriate monitoring are discussed.
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Nkosingiphile, Mkhize. "Implementing Lifestyle Audits in Local Government to Bolster the Anti-Corruption Project in South Africa." African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2022/v12n4a10.
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Municipalities play a significant role in the political, social, and economic aspects of society. Consequently,, understanding municipal corruption is critical to comprehending the nature of social disorganisation in society and the state. This study aims to investigate the key structural and policy requirements for implementing lifestyle audits as an anticorruption framework in South African local government.. The article employs a qualitative research approach, which includes the use of secondary data. This article found that adopting lifestyle audits as an anti-corruption tool requires several policies and legislations that are pertinent for the South African local government level. These include the Public Service Act of 1994 (Act 103 of 1994), the Code of Conduct for the Public Service. Therefore, it is necessary to implement interventions that expose and root out these corrupt public officials before they empty the treasury by plundering and bankrupting the municipalities. For this reason, this article proposes the implementation of lifestyle audits as a proactive anti-fraud and anti-corruption mechanism for municipalities to preserve their money, finances, and resources.
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Smith, Phil, Grahame Collier, and Hazel Storey. "As Aussie as Vegemite: Building the Capacity of Sustainability Educators in Australia." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 27, no. 1 (2011): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600000161.
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AbstractVegemite, a thick, rich and salty product made from yeast extract, is a paste commonly spread on bread or toast in Australian households. This iconic product mirrors some of the unique aspects of this country. For example, Vegemite thinly spread is best. The population of this country is sparse across the wide lands, and the Australian environment with its thin soils, water shortages and intense climates, might also be described as spread thin. These aspects of context present challenges because Australia needs quality sustainability educators thick on the ground to deal with the many and diverse environmental issues.This paper describes the development of the Australian National Professional Development Initiative for Sustainability Educators (NPDISE) and how it was infuenced by the Australian context. Multiple challenges existed: the size of the country, its environmental conditions and rich biodiversity, distance and space between major centres, distribution of people and resources, understanding of and support for education, and three tiers of government – each with its own policies, programs and priorities. On top of this, the practice of sustainability education crosses multiple professional sectors and disciplines. All these challenges had to be taken into account.Research conducted by the Waste Management Association Australia in 2009 revealed that the needs of Australia's sustainability educators in overcoming many of these challenges were broadly consistent around Australia. This gave encouragement to the establishment of a national professional development approach for those working in the environmental education feld. This paper shows how four professional associations – Australian Association for Environmental Education, Waste Management Association Australia, Australian Water Association, and the Marine Education Society of Australasia – worked together for the frst time and approached these challenges whilst developing the NPDISE. A 1954 jingle said Vegemite would help children “grow stronger every single week”. The NPDISE represents a similar ethos with an emphasis on building the sector.
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Spoann, Vin, Takeshi Fujiwara, Bandith Seng, Chanthy Lay, and Mongtoeun Yim. "Assessment of Public–Private Partnership in Municipal Solid Waste Management in Phnom Penh, Cambodia." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (February 26, 2019): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051228.
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The overall responsibility for waste management in Phnom Penh Capital (PPC) has rested with the municipal authorities and contracted waste collection companies. Providing waste collection services is a major challenge for Phnom Penh due to the increasing waste volume and the deficiency of the system under public–private partnership. In response to continuing population growth and urbanization, sustainable management is necessary. This study reviewed the details of the processes and examined the performance of the private sector and local government authorities (LGAs). The study used sustainability assessment, according to a success and efficiency factor method. This assessment method was developed to support solid waste management in developing countries. Multiple sustainability domains were evaluated: institutional, legislative, technical, environmental and health aspects as well as social, economic, financial and critical aspects. The results indicate that the long-term contract design attempts for partnership may actually result in a worsening of the situation by facilitating new ways of concentration, inefficiency and political interest. The limited institutional capacity of the public sectors is a consequence of the inefficient decentralization of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) policies. Public–private partnerships can be neither effective nor sustainable if LGAs and CINTRI co. Ltd. waste collection company do not build proper incentives into their management of the two sectors. Revisiting the legal framework, establishing a facilitating agency that will assist in the design and the nurturing of partnerships, competitive tendering, and transparency and financial accountability are essential elements for PPP on the provision of waste services in PPC.
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Blinyaev, Semen N. "SOLDIERS’ UNREST DURING MOBILIZATION IN THE TERRITORY OF TATARSTAN DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR (by the documents of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan)." Historical Search 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2022-3-4-5-16.
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The purpose of the publication is to restore the event and the ethno-psychological aspects of mobilization of 1914 in Kazan province within the territories that are currently administratively make part of the Republic of Tatarstan. The novelty of the work consists in studying the issue of soldiers’ unrest and illegal actions of other social strata of Kazan governorate during soldiers’ conscription in July 1914. Unpublished archival sources of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan were the basis for studying the aspects of the issue of coordinating the actions of power and municipal state structures in the person of municipal government and local military leadership with various ethnic and social groups of the local population during conscription at the beginning of the First World War. The destructive component of soldiers’ unrest and riots is considered in the context of social conflict theory developed by the political analyst T. Skochpol and the concept of functional intra-ethnic conflict created by the cultural studies scholar, sociologist and ethnologist S.V. Lurie. The issues of the dynamics in the expression of deviant behavior of conscripted servicemen in Kazan, Laishevsky, Spassky and Chistopol uyezds of Kazan governorate are elucidated. Attention is paid to the social, ethnic, psychological and religious motives of the lower ranks’ riots in the region. Such an important aspect of the problem as the causes of unfavorable mobilization course within the borders of the governorate at the beginning of the war is studied. The article identifies and touches upon the issue of the main forms of social aggression in the soldier masses, the trigger of which was introduction of the “prohibition law”.
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Lagunes-Gómez, Isabel, María Hernández-Orduña, Rene Murrieta-Galindo, Daniel Hernández-Pitalua, and Darwin Mayorga-Cruz. "Spatial Analysis of the Empirical Behavior of Municipal Institutional Capacity for the Formulation of Sustainable Growth Management Strategies with a Regional Focus: State of Veracruz, Mexico." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042000.
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As a governmental function, development for progress and welfare is a highly complex process that involves updating various attributes (such as a paradigm, critical or alternative, depending on of the way in which they are articulated regarding social aspects, environmental, and economic growth, as well as the institutional capacity of public and private actors). Regarding this, we are interested in the municipal institutional capacity (MIC) as a skill to carry out the functions and appropriate tasks that municipalities must fulfill in an effective, efficient, and sustainable way, and it varies considerably, depending on each local context. In order to analyze the relevance of the current official regionalization as a state government strategy for the centralized construction of MIC, an exploratory approach to its spatial behavior in the State of Veracruz, Mexico, was carried out. Given the nature of the study, a purely mixed approach, sequential exploratory design, subnational analysis methodology, and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) were employed. The variable to be analyzed is the 2016 Municipal Functional Capacities Index (Índice de Capacidades Funcionales Municipales (ICFM)), with the Geostatistics Framework cartographic base of the 2020 Population and Housing Census. The analysis units are 212 municipalities in the 2014–2017 government period. As a result, it was confirmed that the current regionalization was irrelevant, owing to the absence of global spatial autocorrelation, and it was concluded that targeted interventions are necessary according to regional modeling techniques, based on scientific evidence.
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Stepanova, Irina A., and Aleksey S. Stepanov. "An overview of waste collection systems in anthropogenic ecosystems." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202120.
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The paper discusses recent research and publications in Russian and foreign publications that study the application of solid municipal waste management systems in anthropogenic ecosystems. The analysis of the use of Russian and foreign digital technologies and Internet resources that manage municipal waste is carried out. The analysis of general aspects of solid waste management theory has shown that there is a problem of solid urban waste management (SWM) in various countries. Four main areas of waste management have been identified: collection and logistics, the use of machines and plants for waste treatment, business models and the use of data collection, storage, and processing tools. Logistics management of solid waste is a very complex and important job for any municipal corporation around the world. The use of various technologies and plants for waste treatment and sorting requires investment in each specific plant, but in the end it will help to optimize the management of solid waste. Innovative business models for solving environmental problems of waste accumulation require government incentives in the form of subsidies or tax incentives. The analysis of data collection, storage and processing tools that regulated waste flows revealed a promising possibility of using GIS technologies, the Internet of things and blockchain technologies for waste management. The paper proposes a new web-GIS technology (web application Garbage collector) for collecting large amounts of statistical data on the state of container sites in the city. Using the app will help you organize a waste management system within a locality by citizens, regardless of the management companies, together with the municipal authorities.
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Roy, Hridoy, Samiha Raisa Alam, Rayhan Bin-Masud, Tonima Rahman Prantika, Md Nahid Pervez, Md Shahinoor Islam, and Vincenzo Naddeo. "A Review on Characteristics, Techniques, and Waste-to-Energy Aspects of Municipal Solid Waste Management: Bangladesh Perspective." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 10265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610265.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a major concern for developing countries. The physical and chemical aspects of MSW management and infrastructure need to be analyzed critically to solve the existing socio-economic problem. Currently, MSW production is 2.01 billion tonnes/yr. In developing countries, improper management of MSW poses serious environmental and public health risks. Depending on the socio-economic framework of a country, several MSW management procedures have been established, including landfilling, thermal treatment, and chemical treatment. Most of the MSW produced in underdeveloped and developing countries such as Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan is dumped into open landfills, severely affecting the environment. Waste-to-Energy (WTE) projects based on thermal treatments, e.g., incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification, can be feasible alternatives to conventional technologies. This research has explored a comprehensive method to evaluate MSW characteristics and management strategies from a global and Bangladesh perspective. The benefits, challenges, economic analysis, and comparison of MSW-based WTE projects have been analyzed concisely. Implementing the WTE project in developing countries can reduce unsupervised landfill and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Alternative solutions and innovations have been discussed to overcome the high capital costs and infrastructural deficiencies. By 2050, Bangladesh can establish a total revenue (electricity sales and carbon credit revenue) of USD 751 million per year in Dhaka and Chittagong only. The landfill gas (LFG) recovery, waste recycling. and pyrolysis for energy production, syngas generation, and metal recovery are possible future directions of MSW management. The MSW management scenario in developing countries can be upgraded by improving waste treatment policies and working with government, academicians, and environmentalists together.
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Qi, Fenjie, Yaxin Zhou, and Shuo Feng. "Strengthening Destinations’ Resilience from Bushfires—A Study of Eastern Australia." Journal of Management and Sustainability 11, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v11n2p43.
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Climate change has brought people’s attention in recent decades, which demonstrates a critical phenomenon of increased natural disaster risks. The consequences of natural hazards are highly potential to bring significant economic, reputational, social, and environmental impacts on Australia’s tourism industry. Considering the close relationship between the unique natural environment and the local tourism industry, natural disasters always play critical roles in terms of the destinations’ resilience. This paper aims to examine the cause-and-effect of natural disaster resilience for the tourism industry in Eastern Australia with the particular concern of bushfire. Representative bushfire events will be studied to locate the industry’s preparedness and the existed action gaps mainly with the focus on government and destination management organizations, as well as discuss the disaster prevention implications, direct/indirect impacts and tourism-related issues. Also, a natural disaster resilience assessment framework for the industry will be developed with the key indicators from multiple aspects. A couple of future directions will be proposed regarding recovery methods, including the needs of destination image recovery, supportive policies for small businesses and cross-functional partnership.
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Rameezdeen, Raufdeen, Jian Zuo, and Jack Stevens. "Practices, drivers and barriers of implementing green leases: lessons from South Australia." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 19, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-04-2016-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the practices, drivers and barriers which influence the implementation of green leases in South Australia. Despite some efforts on legal aspects of green leases, only a few studies have examined these aspects from an operational perspective. In addition, very little empirical evidence was presented in previous studies to show how green leases work in real-life settings. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with landlord and tenant representatives who have considerable experience in green leases. These interviewees were selected via a purposive sampling technique that identified buildings which use green leases in South Australia. The concept of interface management (IM) was used to operationalize this research. Findings The green leases were found to be mainly initiated by tenants while government involvement, economic and environmental benefits are the main drivers in South Australia. Drivers such as staff retention, well-being and corporate social responsibility are found to be more relevant to tenants. Lack of awareness and transaction costs are the main barriers to the implementation of green leases. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on the South Australian context and mainly covers dark green leases. There are implications for the government’s continued involvement and the promotion of lighter shades of green leases to overcome operational issues and barriers identified in this study. Originality/value This study contributes to the body of knowledge on the subject of green lease implementation from an operational perspective. In addition, the study introduces a conceptual framework via IM that could be used in future research endeavours.
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Wylynko, B., and A. Hartley. "SUSTAINABILITY: A NEW ERA IN APPROVALS PROCESSES." APPEA Journal 44, no. 1 (2004): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj03043.
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With its in-principle approval of the Gorgon gas proposal, the Western Australian government has heralded a new era —the era of sustainability assessments.No longer confined to strict environmental criteria, sustainability assessments will also consider the economic and social aspects of proposed oil and gas developments. This has a number of ramifications for the legal framework within which existing approvals processes operate.This paper examines traditional environmental assessment as represented by the processes used by Western Australia and the Commonwealth (which will be applied to the Gorgon proposal). It finds that while economic and social factors are expressly included in the legal framework, these factors have not played a large role in either assessing the significance of proposal impacts or in determining the conditions to be placed on the proposals. In the case of Western Australia, in 1996 the Supreme Court overturned recommendations by the Environmental Protection Authority, and a subsequent decision by the Minister for the Environment, on the basis that they had considered extraneous economic factors.Soon after approving the Gorgon proposal, the Western Australian Government published a State Sustainability Strategy. The strategy calls for sustainability assessments to be built upon existing environmental assessment processes. Having outlined the traditional environmental assessment process, the paper draws out a series of principles that may serve as a starting point for discussion about how to create sustainability assessment processes from environmental assessment processes. Key principles include comprehensiveness and an articulation of the objectives to be met through the assessments.The notion of sustainability is gradually becoming incorporated into the environmental legal framework. Sustainability assessments may be the next step in the development of that framework.
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F. Recher, Harry. "Australian Elections, Wilderness and the Lost Billions." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 3 (1998): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980177.
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As I write this editorial, Australia is in the final week of national elections. Apart from the appearance of a strongly nationalistic, and minority, party which the media has promoted as racist, it is unlikely that Australia's election has received much notice outside Australia. Yet there are aspects to this election which should disturb anyone interested in achieving global ecological sustainability and the conservation of global biodiversity. First, there has been a conspicuous silence from the major political parties concerning environmental issues. To be sure, the sitting conservative government has rolled out the pork barrel and grandly announced funding for local conservation initiatives ? especially in marginal seats ? but there has been no debate on issues nor have environmental policies been afforded even a small fraction of the attention given to the economy, unemployment, health or education. Moreover, the projects funded do nothing to resolve the underlying causes of Australia's declining environmental quality (e.g., land clearing, unsustainable logging practices, over grazing, and excessive demands on fresh water). This is despite the fact that respondents to polls continue to list the environment among the most important issues concerning Australians.
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Levaggi, Laura, Rosella Levaggi, Carmen Marchiori, and Carmine Trecroci. "Waste-to-Energy in the EU: The Effects of Plant Ownership, Waste Mobility, and Decentralization on Environmental Outcomes and Welfare." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 5743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145743.
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Waste-to-energy (WtE) could prevent the production of up to 50 million tons of CO2 emissions that would otherwise be generated by burning fossil fuels. Yet, support for a large deployment of WtE plants is not universal because there is a widespread concern that energy from waste discourages recycling practices. Moreover, incineration plants generate air pollution and chemical waste residuals and are expensive to build compared to modern landfills that have appropriate procedures for the prevention of leakage of harmful gasses. In the context of the EU, this paper aims to provide a picture of the actual role of WtE as a disposal option for municipal solid waste (MSW), enabling it to be utilized as a source of clean energy, and to address two important aspects of the debate surrounding the use of WtE; namely, (i) the relationship between WtE and recycling, and (ii) the effects of decentralization, waste mobility, and plant ownership. Finally, it reviews the role of the EU as a supranational regulator, which may allow the lower government levels (where consumer preferences are better represented) to take decisions, while taking spillovers into account.
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Von Heimburg, Dina, and Berit Hakkebo. "Health and equity in all policies in local government: processes and outcomes in two Norwegian municipalities." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 45, no. 18_suppl (August 2017): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817705804.
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Aims: To identify key factors in implementing Health and Equity in All Policies (HEiAP) at the local level in two Norwegian municipalities in order to accelerate the progress of promoting health, well-being and equity in other local governments. Approach: This case study is presented as a narrative from policy-making processes in two Norwegian municipalities. The story is told from an insider perspective, with a focus on HEiAP policy makers in these two municipalities. Results: The narrative identified key learning from implementing HEiAP at the local level, i.e. the importance of strengthening system and human capacities. System capacity is strengthened by governing HEiAP according to national legislation and a holistic governance system at the local level. Municipal plans are based on theory, evidence and local data. A ‘main story’ is developed to support the vision, defining joint societal goals and co-creation strategies. Policies are anchored by measuring and monitoring outcomes, sharing accountability and continuous dialogue to ensure political commitment. Human capacity is strengthened through participatory leadership, soft skills and health promotion competences across sectors. Health promotion competence at a strategic level in the organization, participation in professional networks, crowd sourcing toward common goals, and commitment through winning hearts and minds of politicians and other stakeholders are vital aspects. Conclusions: Our experience pinpoints the importance of strengthening system and human capacity in local governments. Further, we found it important to focus on the two strategic objectives in the European strategy ‘Health 2020’: (1) Improving health for all and reducing health inequalities; (2) improving leadership and participatory governance for health.
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Baymuratov, Mykhaylo O., and Boris Ia Kofman. "INTERNATIONAL MUNICIPAL LAW AS A FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC LAW: ON THE QUESTION OF THE FORMATION OF THE INDUSTRY." Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series "Law" 2, no. 3 (December 2021): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2709-6408-2021-2-3-1.
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The article is devoted to the scientific and theoretical substantiation of the position on the formation of international municipal law as a field of modern international public law. In domestic jurisprudence, the topic is being studied for the first time. The authors connect the emergence of international municipal law with the processes of constitutionalization of international public law and the internationalization of the constitutional legal order of states. These processes were accompanied by the growth of international recognition of the institution of local self-government. First of all, through its international legal regulation and contextualization of topical aspects of the activities of local governments, taking into account their international activities. In particular, through the development and adoption of a number of international multilateral treaties and the preparation at the United Nations level of the draft World Charter of Local Self-Government. In the context of the internationalization of the constitutional legal order of countries in the field of urban law, significant processes of borrowing international legal standards of local selfgovernment by state constitutional law are indicated. Based on the analysis of international practice, a conclusion is made about the compliance of Ukrainian legislation with international standards. At the same time, recommendations are given for its improvement, in particular, for financing local governments, budgetary decentralization, limiting the competence of local state administrations, etc. The formation and development of the architecture of modern public international law, its institutional and structural system is usually associated with its sectoral construction, which is based on the definition of the subject of legal regulation and method of legal regulation. The emergence of a new subject of legal regulation in public international law, as an independent and autonomous legal system, is based on the actualization, emergence, activation, contextualization of cooperation in a new field of interstate cooperation, which in practice is determined by the emergence of a new object of international law. In this case, the methods of international legal regulation in public international law remain constant – either imperative or dispositive. However, today in the formation of new branches of public international law plays an important role trend that emerged during the formation of a new form of globalization – legal, which has such a nomenclature – the constitutionalization of public international law and the internationalization of constitutional order. In general, the national legislation of Ukraine meets world standards, but some legislative norms should be improved. First of all, this concerns the financing of the local state administrations, limiting the competence of local state administrations to the level of control functions and mediation between the local governments, the executive branch and the President. In addition, it makes sense to provide a mechanism for the implementation of the international legal standards for the subjects of Ukrainian local self-government.
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Novais, Giuliano Tostes. "A Geografia do Município de Prata (MG)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.5.p3125-3137.
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Este trabalho discute os aspectos geográficos do maior município do Triângulo Mineiro, Prata (MG); a partir do levantamento feito por trabalho técnico do autor, que mapeou todo o município, abrangendo características físicas, turísticas e rodoviárias existentes. Todos os aspectos geográficos foram conferidos “in loco”, como: relevo, hidrografia, clima, vegetação e uso do solo, vias de circulação, distritos, povoados e comunidades rurais. Esse trabalho é necessário não somente a Geografia, mas também ao poder público e agentes econômicos do município e de toda a região central do Triângulo Mineiro. The Geography of the Municipality of Prata (MG)A B S T R A C TThis paper discusses the geographical aspects of the largest municipality in the Triangulo Mineiro, Prata (MG); from the survey carried out by the author’s technical work, which mapped the entire municipality, covering existing physical, tourist and road characteristics. All geographical aspects were checked “in loco”, such as: relief, hydrography, climate, vegetation and land use, circulation routes, districts, villages and rural communities. This work is necessary not only for Geography, but also for the government and economic agents of the municipality and the entire central region of the Triangulo Mineiro.Keywords: Municipal cartography; Relief, Hidrography; Climate; Land Use.
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Ordóñez, Camilo, Dave Kendal, Caragh G. Threlfall, Dieter F. Hochuli, Melanie Davern, Richard A. Fuller, Rodney van der Ree, and Stephen J. Livesley. "How Urban Forest Managers Evaluate Management and Governance Challenges in Their Decision-Making." Forests 11, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090963.
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Decisions about urban forests are critical to urban liveability and resilience. This study aimed to evaluate the range of positions held by urban forest managers from local governments in the state of Victoria, Australia, regarding the management and governance challenges that affect their decision-making. This study was based on a Q-method approach, a procedure that allows researchers to evaluate the range of positions that exist about a topic in a structured manner based on the experiences of a wide group of people. We created statements on a wide range of urban forest management and governance challenges and asked urban forest managers to rate their level of agreement with these statements via an online survey. Managers generally agreed about the challenges posed by urban development and climate change for implementing local government policies on urban forest protection and expansion. However, there were divergent views about how effective solutions based on increasing operational capacities, such as increasing budgets and personnel, could address these challenges. For some managers, it was more effective to improve critical governance challenges, such as inter-departmental and inter-municipal coordination, community engagement, and addressing the culture of risk aversion in local governments. Urban forest regional strategies aimed at coordinating management and governance issues across cities should build on existing consensus on development and environmental threats and address critical management and governance issues not solely related to local government operational capacity.
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Sudirman, Faturachman Alputra, and Phradiansah Phradiansah. "Tinjauan Implementasi Pembangunan Berkelanjutan: Pengelolaan Sampah Kota Kendari." JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 5, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v5i2.9821.
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Waste management issues is the primary concern of the Kendari City Government, considering to become a liveable city namely the sustainable development of Kendari City. This study discusses the challenges of implementing a waste management policy based sustainable development in Kendari City. One of the goals of sustainable development on the 2030 agenda is to reduce the impact of the urban environment with the percentage of municipal reliable waste handling indicators. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of waste management policies using the concept of policy implementation by Edwards III and to link it to the concept of sustainable development and the 2030 agenda of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study used a qualitative method, in which data was collected through interviews and documentation, the findings in this study that the implementation of waste management policies in Kendari City was quite excellent in the aspects of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. However, various challenges were also present in every aspect of policy implementation. Overall, the implementation of waste management policies also takes into account sustainable development in economic, social and environmental aspects and was by efforts to achieve SDGs Goal 11, where 73.30 per cent of urban waste has been handled.
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Sawyer, Susan M., Bridget Farrant, Anganette Hall, Andrew Kennedy, Donald Payne, Kate Steinbeck, and Veronica Vogel. "Adolescent and young adult medicine in Australia and New Zealand: towards specialist accreditation." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 28, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2016-5006.
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Abstract In Australia and New Zealand, a critical mass of academic and clinical leadership in Adolescent Medicine has helped advance models of clinical services, drive investments in teaching and training, and strengthen research capacity over the past 30 years. There is growing recognition of the importance of influencing the training of adult physicians as well as paediatricians. The Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP) is responsible for overseeing all aspects of specialist physician training across the two countries. Following advocacy from adolescent physicians, the RACP is advancing a three-tier strategy to build greater specialist capacity and sustain leadership in adolescent and young adult medicine (AYAM). The first tier of the strategy supports universal training in adolescent and young adult health and medicine for all basic trainees in paediatric and adult medicine through an online training resource. The second and third tiers support advanced training in AYAM for specialist practice, based on an advanced training curriculum that has been approved by the RACP. The second tier is dual training; advanced trainees can undertake 2 years training in AYAM and 2 years training in another area of specialist practice. The third tier consists of 3 years of advanced training in AYAM. The RACP is currently seeking formal recognition from the Australian Government to have AYAM accredited, a process that will be subsequently undertaken in New Zealand. The RACP is expectant that the accreditation of specialist AYAM physicians will promote sustained academic and clinical leadership in AYAM to the benefit of future generations of young Australasians.
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Shao, Xueting, Feiyu Wang, R. Paul Bardos, Yimin Sang, Yong Ren, Mingyu Qin, and Hairong Wang. "A Questionnaire Survey on Contaminated Site Regulators’ View of Implementing Green and Sustainable Remediation in China." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 11755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111755.
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Government contaminated site regulators, as policy executors and makers, have a profound impact on the development of green and sustainable remediation (GSR), but their cognitive level of GSR has not been well-studied. China has some experience in the management of contaminated sites and has the foundation to promote GSR. This study was conducted in the form of a questionnaire to investigate the understanding of GSR among Chinese site regulators at different levels. The study found that there was still a lot of resistance to promoting GSR in China. Firstly, even though the regulators thought GSR was necessary in China, most of them did not know GSR very well or lacked practical experience. Secondly, existing national and provincial policy standards did not have a good balance between the environmental, social and economic aspects, but gave priority to the environmental factors. Thirdly, the lack of standard and regulatory requirements was the most significant barrier to the implementation of GSR. The results of the survey can provide a reference for China or other developing countries to implement GSR. Practitioners should provide more knowledge and cases for regulators, supplement national policies or improve the provincial and municipal policy system.
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Thomsen, D. A., and J. Davies. "Social and cultural dimensions of commercial kangaroo harvest in South Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 10 (2005): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03248.
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Kangaroo management is important to the sustainability of Australia’s rangeland landscapes. The commercial harvest of kangaroos assists in reduction of total grazing pressure in the rangelands and provides the potential for supplementary income to pastoralists. Indeed, the commercial kangaroo industry is considered by natural resource scientists as one of the few rural industry development options with potential to provide economic return with minimal environmental impact. While the biology and population ecology of harvested kangaroo species in Australia is the subject of past and present research, the social, institutional and economic issues pertinent to the commercial kangaroo industry are not well understood. Our research is addressing the lack of understanding of social issues around kangaroo management, which are emerging as constraints on industry development. The non-indigenous stakeholders in kangaroo harvest are landholders, regional management authorities, government conservation and primary production agencies, meat processors, marketers and field processors (shooters) and these industry players generally have little understanding of what issues the commercial harvest of kangaroos presents to Aboriginal people. Consequently, the perspectives and aspirations of Aboriginal people regarding the commercial harvest of kangaroos are not well considered in management, industry development and planning. For Aboriginal people, kangaroos have subsistence, economic and cultural values and while these values and perspectives vary between language groups and individuals, there is potential to address indigenous issues by including Aboriginal people in various aspects of kangaroo management. This research also examines the Aboriginal interface with commercial kangaroo harvest, and by working with Aboriginal people and groups is exploring several options for greater industry involvement. The promotion of better understandings between indigenous and non-indigenous people with interests in kangaroo management could promote industry development through the marketing of kangaroo as not only clean and green, but also as a socially just product.
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McRae, Ian, and Mai Pham. "When is a GP home-visit program financially viable?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 6 (2016): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15074.
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Despite a decline in GP home visits in Australia, these services remain an important aspect of healthcare access and delivery for the aged population. Home visits can both provide better care and decrease use of ambulance and emergency department (ED) services. The net costs of providing GP visits are complex, depending on the relative costs of home visits and ED attendances, the number of ED attendances saved by GP visits, and the number of services provided per day by a visiting GP. The Australian Capital Territory government created the General Practice Aged Day Service (GPADS) program in March 2011. Using data and information from this program as a basis, we examine the financial aspects of a daytime home-visit program in the Australian context. Whether or not a program is financially viable depends on a range of parameters; if all factors are aligned a program can generate net savings. While there is no information available on the net health benefits of home visits relative to ED attendance, these differences need not be large for the program to be cost-effective.
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Misopoulos, Fotios, Vicky Manthou, and Zenon Michaelides. "Environmental and Social Sustainability in UK Construction Industry: a Systematic Literature Review." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v5i1.p100-115.
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Research on sustainability in the construction industry is common in construction journals addressing the potential adverse effects conventional practices have in the construction community. Sustainability is addressed through the environmental, social and economic impacts in literature and researchers and practitioners always drive the need for an equal attention on these three dimensions, but not so successfully at present. Sustainability covers a broad content with various suggested approaches arising from different countries all over the world. Previous studies have investigated sustainable construction issues as a global concept and in individual developed countries such as the US, Australia, and China. The aim of this research is to investigate the extent of coverage, by academia, of the sustainability concept in UK construction industry, with a focus on the environmental and social aspects of sustainability, based on the Triple Bottom Line framework. The researchers conducted a systematic literature review, searching relevant articles with predefined criteria in two major bibliographical databases, which offer great coverage of the existing academic journals in social sciences. The study utilised the PRISMA reporting approach and the search resulted in thirty-one suitable articles. The findings revealed that environmental sustainability receives much more attention than social sustainability. Added emphasis is given to green buildings and materials used. Government regulations seem to be the leading driver for adopting sustainable practices, while lack of knowledge/awareness of sustainable best practices is the leading challenge.
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Kay, Adrian, Gillian Bristow, Mark McGovern, and David Pickernell. "Fair Division or Fair Dinkum? Australian Lessons for Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in the United Kingdom." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, no. 2 (April 2005): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c38m.
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Current arguments in Australia concerning horizontal fiscal equalisation may help inform the debate in the United Kingdom concerning possible changes to the Barnett formula and the establishment of financial relations with any regional governments in England. Although Australia is a long-established federation, with mature institutions for managing the financial aspects of intergovernmental relations, the most populous states are now pushing for a per-capita-based system to replace the existing formula—based on needs and costs—overseen by the independent Commonwealth Grants Commission. This has important implications for the United Kingdom, where the Barnett formula—a per capita system for deciding annual changes in the funding for the devolved administrations—has been increasingly challenged. In particular, the Barnett system has been vulnerable to nontransparent ‘formula-bypass’ agreements. We argue that the status quo in the United Kingdom appears secure as long as England remains a single entity and the UK Treasury sees the financial implications of larger per capita expenditure in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland as relatively small. However, we speculate that regionalisation of government in England would be likely to increase the pressure: to abandon the Barnett system; to look more systematically at need and cost, rather than population, as criteria for allocating funds between governments; and to move towards an Australian-type system. However, the recent experience of Australia also shows that larger states prefer a per-capita-based system allied to more political, less transparent, arrangements to deal with ‘special circumstances’. It may be that a Barnett-type formula would suit the new ‘dominant states’ in a fully federalised United Kingdom which would, ironically, create an alliance of interests between Scotland and London.