Academic literature on the topic 'Municipal government – Environmental aspects – Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Municipal government – Environmental aspects – Australia"
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Cirillo, Brenda, and Oriana Almeida. "THE LIMITS TO THE OPERATION OF MUNICIPAL PUBLIC POWER IN THE MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF MARAPANIM AND ITACAIÚNAS RIVER BASIN, STATE OF PARÁ." Revista Geografares 1, no. 31 (December 8, 2020): 268–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7147/geo.v1i31.31165.
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River basin management is closely related to land use management planning, confirming the need to adjust municipal land management with water management. In the state of Pará, aspects such as territorial extension, poor intermunicipal organization, and relative qualitative and quantitative abundance of the resource, among others, are particularities that provide greater challenges to the implementation of water resources policies, which demonstrates the importance of acting on a local level. To identify how the municipal government acts in the management of water resources, at local and intercity level, in the state, and what is its relationship with the state management body, interviews were conducted at 19 municipal environmental secretariats located in the territory of two river basins: Marapanim and Itacaiúnas, both entirely located within the state. It was found the existence of both logistical and institutional limitations of the municipal government concerning environmental management, and also concerning the performance of the state government, as a political entity, in promoting the aspects of participation and decentralization of management.
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Jakšić, Pavle, and Ozren Uzelac. "Legal and economic aspects of the use of municipal bonds." Ekonomija: teorija i praksa 15, no. 2 (2022): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/etp2202071j.
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By borrowing on the financial market, local self-government units in the Republic of Serbia can finance their own needs. It is up to the local self-governments to decide whether to opt for financing through credit borrowing or through the issue of municipal bonds. The subject of this paper is the analysis of the conditions and purpose for which cities, municipalities and local governments in Serbia and in the countries of the region issued municipal bonds. In this regard, the basic characteristics of the analyzed emissions are emphasized, relying on the normative framework of each country individually. The paper points out the basic specifics of municipal bonds.. The aim of this paper is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the issue of these bonds in relation to credit borrowing as a possible type of financing.
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Skaburskis, A. "Goals for Restructuring Local Government Boundaries: Canadian Lessons." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 10, no. 2 (June 1992): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c100159.
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In this paper the goals that can be pursued by a senior government that is considering proposals for changing the size of local jurisdictions are examined. The process of change and the options the senior government may consider when facing conflicts raised by municipal incorporation, annexation, or amalgamation proposals are considered. This paper is about Canadian cities, but the discussion is based on literature drawing on insights and experience gained in Europe, the United States, and Australia as well as in Canada.
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Wijaya, I. N. S., and E. E. Nurlaelih. "DEMATEL operation as supporting tool in defining Strategic issue of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA): A case study of SEA for development plan of Jombang Municipality." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 916, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/916/1/012031.
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Abstract The difficulty in performing Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the municipal development planning process has not merely concerned with aspects such as time, data, and budget for the project. One crucial problem involves the limitation of knowledge and practical capability of the local government to conduct the analysis. At the municipal level, defining the environmental issue has become a catastrophe in the decision-making process. Most Indonesian municipal governments have difficulties in drafting the most strategic environmental issue regarding mess ecological phenomena. Meanwhile, the most strategic issue plays vital roles for developing the scenario of the development plan. This paper aims to demonstrate the application of the DEMATEL Technique in defining the strategic environmental issue at a municipal level. In addition, this paper examines the SEA process of Jombang Municipality, especially the conducted analysis in assisting the municipal government decision-making towards Jombang’s most strategic environmental issue. As a result, the DEMATEL has proved to be the effective technique to draw the logical interrelation map among the critical environmental issues. Further, upon applying the interrelation map, the most influencing issue for others are feasible to be identified and defined as the most strategic environmental issue.
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Tolkovanov, Vyacheslav Viktorovych. "LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN MOLDOVA: CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR FURTHER MUNICIPAL CONSOLIDATION." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 2(10) (2017): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2017-1-2(10)-178-184.
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Urgency of the research. The importance of studying the different aspects of local economic development (LED) is explained by the fact that LED is defined as a key element for ensuring further municipal consolidation. The experience of the Republic of Moldova could be also used in Ukraine, in particular in the framework of the local self-government reform implementation. Target setting. It is reasonable to study the different aspects of local economic development (LED) in Republic of Moldova, to highlight its current status and perspectives for its further evolution in order to give reasons for the possibilities of its implementation in Ukraine and ensuring municipal consolidation. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The scientific works of such Ukrainian and foreign researchers and scientists as R. Herzog, G. Marcou, N. Mikula, O. Morozov, M. Pukhtynskiy, O. Povajniy, O. Romanuk and others deal with the different aspects of local economic development in different European countries, in particular in the Republic of Moldova. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The experience of the Republic of Moldova in the field of local economic development (LED) is not yet sufficiently highlighted in Ukraine. In this regard, the scientists have to develop the argumentation of more active using of the different forms of LED for ensuring further municipal consolidation and local self-government reform implementation. The research objective. The article aims to highlight the current status and the perspectives of local economic development in the Republic of Moldova, in particular in the frame-work of local self-government reform implementation. The statement of basic materials. The article proves the expediency of using the different forms of local economic development (LED) for ensuring municipal consolidation and successful realisation of local self-government reform. The special attention is paid to the analysis of the new legislation of the Republic Moldova in the field of decentralisation and LED, fulfilment by the National Government of its commit-ments as well as the international organisations’ recommendations on local self-government development and fiscal decentralisation. The author also prepared the detailed recommendations on further realisation of the decentralisation policy and local economic development in this country. Conclusions. Local economic development represents an integrative part of the local self-government reform in all European countries, including Moldova. Taking into account the successful realization of the decentralization policy in the Republic Moldova, the experience of this neighbor country will be useful for ensuring municipal consolidation and local self-government reform implementation in Ukraine.
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Гайдай, Володимир. "Mechanisms for ensuring public order protection at the local level in conditions of decentralization of government: EU experience for Ukraine." Public administration aspects 9, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/152119.
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The aim of the article is to study the experience of the emergence and development of municipal law enforcement agencies, to analyse the current state of local police in European countries. The other aim of the article is to study the development of local police, the state of legal, economic support in Ukraine, to form suggestions for the development of municipal police in Ukraine.The initiated reform of decentralization of power in Ukraine, active development of local self-government, building civil society, creation of united territorial communities, transfer of resources, powers from the central level to local levels in the framework of decentralization and local government reform have necessitated the strengthening role of local self-government. Protection of public order should go together with strengthening of a role of local governments in the spheres of medicine and education, in rendering accessible and qualitative administrative, municipal, social services. An additional condition for the formation of local law enforcement is the connection between the development of local self-government in democracies with the development of local law enforcement.Accordingly, the urgency and need to create municipal police in Ukraine, which is a democratic state, is beyond doubt, as evidenced by the active discussion of this topic, both among officials and the public.The world experience of the emergence and current state of functioning of the municipal police in European countries with democratic political regimes has been analysed in the article. Trends in the development of municipal police in European countries have been identified. The existing world models of financial support of the municipal police have been determined.Domestic approaches to the creation of municipal police have been considered. The current state of development of projects of municipal law enforcement forces, the state of adoption of the regulatory framework for the implementation of the functioning of the municipal guard has been studied. An analysis of problematic aspects of the functioning of the National Police of Ukraine, the state of corruption in Ukraine as a way for possible abuse and use of law enforcement agencies for the interests of certain classes has been made. Based on the experience of European EU member states, recommendations on the organization and definition of sources of funding for municipal law enforcement agencies have been made.
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Чиркін, А. С. "OVERVIEW OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT POWERS IN THE FIELD OF THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION: THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE." Актуальні проблеми права: теорія і практика, no. 2 (42) (January 27, 2022): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/2218-5461-2021-42-2-176-184.
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The article analyzes the environmental competence of local governments of leading European countries.It is noted which powers of the municipal government in the field of environmental protection were transferredto the local level due to decentralization. Positive aspects are highlighted, which can be further used by nationallocal governments.In view of the above, it is obvious that in Ukraine, in order to increase the efficiency of local selfgovernmentbodies in the environmental sphere, it is necessary to more clearly define the functions and powersand their responsibility for decision-making. It should also be noted that there is a lack of harmonization ofregulations in this area at the local, regional and state levels. The result is duplication of functions and disputesbeyond authority. European experience shows the expediency of expanding the competence of local selfgovernmentin the field of environmental protection and a clear definition of the powers of municipal authorities.The effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the activities of municipal bodies in the field ofenvironmental protection in order to ensure sustainable use of nature and environmental protection depends ona clear demarcation of functions and powers of local self-government bodies and legislative regulation of theresponsibility of local authorities for their decisions. It is obvious that research and use of the experience ofEuropean countries in the research area will contribute to this.
Key words: competence, ecological powers, decentralization, European experience.
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Chiou, R. J., T. C. Chang, and C. F. Ouyang. "Aspects of municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse for future water resource shortages in Taiwan." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2007): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.058.
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The Water Resources Agency (WRA), Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA) has predicted that the annual water demand in Taiwan will reach approximately 20 billion m3 by 2021. However, the present water supply is only 18 billion m3 per year. This means that an additional 2 billion m3 have to be developed in the next 17 years. The reuse of treated wastewater effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants could be one target for the development of new water resources. The responsible government departments already have plans to construct public sewerage systems in order to improve the quality of life of the populace and protect the environment. The treated wastewater effluent from such municipal wastewater treatment plants could be a very stable and readily available secondary type of water resource, different from the traditional types of water resources. The major areas where reclaimed municipal wastewater can be used to replace traditional fresh water resources include agricultural and landscape irrigation, street cleaning, toilet flushing, secondary industrial reuse and environmental uses. However, necessary wastewater reclamation and reuse systems have not yet been established. The requirements for their establishment include water reuse guidelines and criteria, the elimination of health risks ensuring safe use, the determination of the wastewater treatment level appropriate for the reuse category, as well as the development and application of management systems reuse. An integrated system for water reuse would be of great benefit to us all by providing more efficient ways to utilise the water resources.
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Barclay, Kate. "The Social in Assessing for Sustainability. Fisheries in Australia." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 3 (November 5, 2012): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v4i3.2655.
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The notion that sustainability rests on three pillars – economic, environmental and social – has been widely accepted since the 1990s. In practice, however, the economic and environmental aspects have tended to dominate the sustainability agenda, and social aspects have been sidelined. Two reasons for this are: 1) there is a lack of data collected about which to build meaningful pictures of social aspects of sustainability for populations over time, and 2) there is a lack of recognition of the role of social factors in sustainability, and a related lack of understanding of how to analyse them in conjunction with economic and environmental factors. This paper surveys the literature about sustainability in fisheries, focussing on Australia, and focussing on the way social aspects have been treated. The paper finds that the problems that have been identified for assessing the social in sustainability in general are certainly manifest in fisheries. Management of Australian fisheries has arguably made great improvements to biological sustainability over the last decade, but much remains to be done to generate similar improvements in social sustainability for fishing communities. This is the case for government-run resource management as well as for initiatives from the private sector and conservation organizations as part of movements for corporate social responsibility and ethical consumerism. A significant challenge for improving sustainability in Australian fisheries, therefore, lies in improving data collection on social factors, and in bridging disciplinary divides to better integrate social with economic and biological assessments of sustainability.
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Katz, Mike. "International Professional Development Cooperation Study Tours for Environmental, Social and Sustainable Development for the Indian Mining Sector." Journal of International Cooperation and Development 5, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2022-0006.
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The Key Centre for Mines International, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia undertook professional development mining education and cooperation training study tours for overseas government fellows and groups as well as private mining companies from 1988 – 2010. During the technical environmental development short courses at the university and visits to Australian mines and government offices, the programs also covered important social and sustainable aspects as well as relevant briefings on government mining law and regulations, industry’s best practice and community engagement. Details are presented for two major successful international cooperation Indian projects, a World Bank mine environment program in 2004 for state government officials and a TATA Steel Limited coal and iron mine executives and managers training program in 2010.
Received: 21 April 2022 / Accepted: 30 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Municipal government – Environmental aspects – Australia"
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Peel, Samantha. "Indicators for sustainability : Local Agenda 21 in Adelaide." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envp374.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 99-105. Examines the ways in which local governments in the Adelaide region have used the Local Agenda 21 program, with particular focus on public participation and the development of indicators. Argues that sustainability requires the support and involvement of the widest possible community, a necessity that will not be realised until public participation, particularly involving those groups with a reduced 'social voice' (such as women, youth and minority cultural/ethnic groups), becomes an integral part of the local government's modernisation agenda. Concludes with a summary of the main issues and a set of recommendations for future research and action.
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Risely, Melissa. "The politics of precaution : an eco-political investigation of agricultural gene technology policy in Australia, 1992-2000." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr5953.pdf.
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Palmer, Louise. "Critical evaluation of the extent to which environmental aspects are considered in strategic level municipal decision making : case studies from the Gauteng Province / Palmer, L." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net//10394/7041.
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Historically the practice of conservation planning has occurred in an ad hoc manner in areas that have no economic or agricultural value. When systematic conservation planning has been implemented it has ensured the identification of priority areas that contain species, habitats, and processes essential to achieving conservation targets and goals set out by government. In the recent past a number of authors within the conservation planning fraternity have started questioning the actual impact of conservation plans. Only one third of the conservation plans (globally) published between 1998 and 2000 resulted in actual implementation. Prendengast et al. (1999) described this gap between conservation plans and conservation action as the ‘research–implementation–gap’. The same phenomenon is experienced in local government conservation planning, in South Africa. This has led to a lack of conservation planning and implementation.
By using the Gauteng provincial Conservation Plan (C–Plan), that is considered the strategic conservation planning document for the province government, a critical evaluation of the extent to which environmental aspects are considered in strategic level municipal decision making was done. Six local and two district municipalities within the Gauteng Province were selected to ascertain, through a comparative and objective analysis, to what extent their strategic documents (Integrated Development Plan, Spatial Development Framework and Environmental Management Framework) reflect the conservation planning done on a provincial sphere (C–Plan). An analysis was done of the selected documentation and spatial maps to determine whether incorporation occurred either explicitly and/or implicitly. The expectation is that municipalities within the Gauteng Province, should, as part of their Integrated Development Plan process, integrate the Gauteng C–Plan with their Integrated Development Plans.
The research found that all the municipalities fully incorporated the C–Plan within their Environmental Management Frameworks indicating that local government conservation planners do consult and incorporate provincial conservation plans when they are generating their own plans. The Spatial Development Frameworks and Integrated Development Plans did not reflect this strong connection with regards to conservation planning. There is a lack of integration between the different documents and an inability to bring a planning aspect(s) to delivery and implementation. There is no problem with the incorporation of the C–Plan into the Environmental Management Frameworks, thus future research or conservation initiatives should focus on the effective incorporation of the Environmental Management Frameworks into other strategic municipal documentation (Spatial Development Frameworks and Integrated Development Plans) and promote the integration that occurs between the municipal documents themselves.Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Sokutu, Nonkuselo. "Towards sustainable municipalities : an evaluation of sustainability integration in Elundini Local Municipality strategy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013018.
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This research study evaluated and assessed the extent to which strategic management processes integrated economic, environmental and social sustainability elements in the fiveyear strategy (2012) of Elundini Local Municipality (ELM). The study focused on three areas of strategic management, that is, environmental analysis, strategic direction and strategy formulation. The study also looked at possible reasons for sustainability integration in ELM strategy or lack thereof and also recommended possible solutions. The literature reviewed revealed that there was adequate basis for municipalities to integrate sustainable development in their strategies even though sustainability was noted as an evolving, complex and changing phenomenon. Local Agenda 21 principles, national legislative & policy framework, regulations and other relevant guidelines were found to be adequate for municipalities to develop credible sustainability strategies. The objectives of the study were achieved by data collected through the review of existing literature; the review of ELM Five Year Strategy (2012-2017); and SIAT-based questionnaires that were filled in by ELM employees. The results of the study showed that economic and social sustainability activities were identified most in the ELM strategy compared to environmental sustainability. The study then mainly recommended the review of the current strategy in order to improve all areas of strategy formulation; introduction of Economic, Social and Environmental sustainability – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (ESEs-SWOT) for internal analysis as an improvement of SWOT analysis; introduction of Sustainability Integration and Strategic Management Framework (SISMF) as an improvement to existing framework.
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Nolles, Karel Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Using markets to implement energy and environmental policy. Considerations of the regulatory challenges and lessons learned from the Australian experience and laboratory investigation using experimental economics." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40778.
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Government is constantly attempting to balance the competing interests within society, and is itself active in a variety of different roles. The conflict between these roles becomes particularly clear when an attempt is made to implement a "regulatory market" - that is a market that exists only because of government action- such as an electricity or environmental market - to implement some policy objective, since it is the nature of markets to candidly reveal weaknesses that in a non-market management framework may have remained hidden for some time. This thesis examines the difficulty that government has in setting market rules that implement an efficient market design for such markets. After examining the history and development of the Australian Electricity Industry market reform process, we examine more closely some of the electricity related environmental markets developed specifically to drive a policy outcome in Australia -- in particular the Australian Mandatory Renewable Energy Target Market (MRET) and the New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme. By comparing these environmental markets with established financial markets, and using the techniques of experimental economics, we show that these environmental markets have significant inefficiencies in their design. We argue that these come about because lessons from the financial markets have not be learned by those implementing environmental markets, that stakeholders are lobbying for market design characteristics that are not in fact in their own best interests, and that governments struggle to manage the divergent pressure upon them. For example, in MRET we show experimentally that one of the market design characteristics most fought for by generators (the ability to create renewable energy certificates from qualifying energy without declaring the certificates to the market until a later time of the creator's choosing) in fact leads to market volatility, and ultimately inefficiently low prices. We also examine the impact on the overall MRET market of simple rule changes upon market performance. Key conclusions of this thesis are that it is more difficult than has been appreciated to successfully use a market to implement public policy and that important lessons have not yet been learned from the existing financial markets.
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Risely, Melissa. "The politics of precaution : an eco-political investigation of agricultural gene technology policy in Australia, 1992-2000 / Melissa Risely." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21968.
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Qian, Wei. "Environmental accounting for local government waste management : an assessment of institutional and contingency theory explanations." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110003.
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Over the past 10 years, with Australia's urban population ,growth there has been an
increasing pressure on land, resource and waste management throughout the States and
Territories. Local government, one of the public sectors traditionally responsible for
waste services, is being required to take more environmental issues into account in
order to develop a sustainable community. The purpose of this study is to investigate
current practices of environmental accounting for local government waste management
and to explore possible explanations for these environmental accounting practices.
This study applies a mixed method design to achieve the research objectives, starting
with the case studies of 12 local councils in New South Wales (NSW) Australia, and
extending them to a mail survey of all councils in NSW. The case studies allow the
researcher to explore the practices of environmental accounting for waste management
in a real-life context. The case study findings indicate that contingency theory and
institutional theory are most likely to provide insightful explanations for current
environmental accounting practices in local government waste management.
Contingency theory views organisations as technically devised instruments aiming for
effective and efficient control of their work processes. Based on this theory,
environmental uncertainty, environmental strategy and task complexity are proposed as
explanatory variables. Institutional theory views organisations as social actors and the
"carriers" of social structures aiming for legitimacy from a wide range of social
institutions. Based on this theory, regulatory pressures, cognitive pressures, community
expectations, and inter-professional communication, are proposed as explanatory
variables. The mail survey assesses the effectiveness of the two theoretical explanations.
The results reveal that the use of environmental accounting in local government waste
management is generally moderate rather than little or none as previously suggested.
However, the variance in environmental accounting practices in local government waste
management is significant. When the scope of environmental accounting information
becomes broader, from direct to indirect, from internal to external, lower levels of
accounting are found. Among the local councils investigated, accounting for external
environmental costs and impacts in waste management has always drawn the least
attention. The assessment of theoretical explanations reveals that current environmental
accounting practices in local government waste management arc significantly driven by
proactive environmental strategics, complex waste operation tasks, a high level of interprofessional
communication, and uncertain waste management environments. Task
complexity, inter-professional communication, environmental uncertainty, community
expectations and environmental strategy are all significantly associated with the level of
direct waste flow and activity accounting. However, only environmental strategy, task
complexity and inter-professional communication, play a significant role in explaining
the levels of accounting for indirect/hidden and external costs and impacts in waste
management. It appears that community's environmental expectations and uncertain
waste management environments cannot provide a significant incentive for local
government to account for indirect/hidden and external environmental costs and impacts.
Two institutional factors, regulatory pressures and environmental cognitive pressures do
not significantly contribute to any aspect of environmental accounting practices in local
government waste management. When testing the effects of type and size of local
councils, it is found that urban councils have a significantly higher level of direct waste
flow and activity accounting than rural councils, but the differences in the levels of
indirect/hidden and external cost and impact accounting are not statistically significant.
Size of local councils does not explain any aspect of environmental accounting practices
in local government waste management.
The results of this thesis indicate that contingency theory provides better explanations
for environmental accounting practices in local government waste management than
institutional theory. The weaker role of institutional theory explanations implies that the
development and institutionalisation of environmental accounting for local government
waste management may take a longer time than expected. The explanations for current
development of environmental accounting are mainly related to pursuing efficiency and
effectiveness of working processes.
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Fargher, W. R. "Running on empty : can current water reforms secure Australia's water future?" Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148270.
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Mitchell, Keith Owen, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Optimisation of the applications of sustainable energy systems." 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/26947.
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This work examines issues that are restricting the wider adaptation of sustainable (‘renewable’) energy systems in Australia and elsewhere. Several new innovative areas of opportunity for improving the application of wind and solar PV based systems have been explored and developed. A number of financial and regulatory obstructions to wind and solar systems and grid connection are examined and a number of regulatory changes to the regulatory electricity codes are suggested.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Agyepong, Adelaide Owusu. "An assessment of green procurement practices in South African metropolitan municipalities." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18486.
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Environmental degradation is a global challenge that affects all. One of the most prominent impacts of environmental degradation is the climate change phenomenon. The adverse impacts of climate change have given rise to responses aimed at retarding, halting and learning to live with the already present effects of climate change. These responses to climate change fall into two broad categories: mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation addresses the climate change challenge through seeking a reduction or elimination of anthropogenic generated greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Adaptation on the other hand addresses climate change through reducing the adverse impacts of climate change as well as exploiting economic and social opportunities presented by climate change. Green procurement has been identified as one of the climate change intervention measures. This is because research shows that procurement policies and practices of both the public and private sectors have the potential to influence environmentally friendly modes of production and the provision of ‘greener’ goods and services that include infrastructure. In many developing countries the big spending power of the public sector, particularly municipalities, makes them influential players in the nature of goods and services production and provision.
Against this background, this study investigates the role of South African metropolitan municipalities in addressing environmental decay through green procurement. Specifically, the study aims to assess the levels of green procurement practices of goods and services within South Africa metropolitan municipalities. This is achieved through; (i) determining the level of understanding of sustainable development, and (ii) determining the extent to which green procurement is practiced in South African metropolitan municipalities, and identifying policy and legislative requirements (if any) that support green procurement practices. Given the complexity of means, policy and practices around the green procurement drive; the study employed a mixed method approach. The mixed method approach employed three methods namely: document analysis, interviews and the use of a questionnaire. Analysis of data included content analysis, inductive thematic analysis and basic numerical analysis of the questionnaire, using MS Excel.
The study made two broad findings; (i) there is generally a good understanding of the sustainable development discourse among South Africa’s metropolitan officials; and (ii) policy response to green procurement shows that the older metropolitans that include the City of Cape Town, City of Johannesburg, City of Tshwane, Ekurhuleni, eThekwini and Nelson Mandela Bay have made greater progress making explicit reference to green procurement in different policies compared to the younger metropolitans such as Buffalo City and Mangaung. Despite the general understanding of the sustainable development discourse and evidence of explicit reference to green procurement in some metropolitan policy documents there is a general lack of comprehensive implementation of green procurement practices across all the metropolitan municipalities. The current implementation is sporadic and largely through a number of projects that are not always linked to give rise to effective synergies. The study concludes that there is limited implementation of green procurement policies and strategies in all metropolitans. This may be attributed to limited policy understanding and lack of education and training around green economy transition and green procurement issues. The study recommends the mainstreaming of the green procurement concept into already existing policies and to establish new policies where there are none. There is a need to translate the policies into legislation and regulations that carry incentive to reward and encourage the desired green procurement practices. There is further need to put in place sanctions to discourage and halt undesired procurement practices.Environmental Sciences
D. Litt. et Phil. (Environmental Management)
Books on the topic "Municipal government – Environmental aspects – Australia"
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Commission, International Joint. A policy statement on the incineration of municipal waste. Windsor, Ont: International Joint Commission, 1996.
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Smith, Garry J. Living cities-- an urban myth?: Government sustainability in Australia. Dural Delivery Centre, NSW: Rosenberg, 2006.
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Die Analyse kommunaler Umweltpolitik aus Sicht der neuen politischen Ökonomie: Eine Untersuchung auf theoretischer Grundlage. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1995.
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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Municipal-Industrial Strategy for Abatement (MISA): A policy and program statement of the Government of Ontario on controlling municipal and industrial discharges into surface waters. Toronto: The Ministry, 1986.
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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Municipal-Industrial Strategy for Abatement (MISA): A policy and program statement of the Government of Ontario on controlling municipal and industrial discharges into surface waters. Toronto: The Ministry, 1986.
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Der Konflikt zwischen ökonomischen und ökologischen Interessen auf kommunaler Ebene. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1994.
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Flannery, Tim F. Now or never: A sustainable future for Australia? Melbourne: Black Inc., 2009.
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Flannery, Tim F. Now or never: A sustainable future for Australia? Melbourne: Black Inc., 2009.
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Greening local government. Chicago: American Bar Association, 2012.
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Madhya Pradesh (India). Team of Experts for Study of Hazardous Units in Indore. Status of environmental pollution and industrial health and safety in hazardous and highly polluting units located in Indore Municipal Corporation Area: Report of Expert Team constituted by Government of Madhya Pradesh, Housing & Environment Deptt. Bhopal: EPCO, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Municipal government – Environmental aspects – Australia"
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Łukomska, Julita, and Jarosław Neneman. "Does Urban Sprawl Pay Off for the Suburban Municipal Budget in Poland?" In Local Government in Europe, 249–69. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529217186.003.0014.
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The literature stresses the negative environmental, economic, and social consequences of urban sprawl. The dynamics of this process is high, as beneficiaries of it are against any attempts to reduce or control this phenomenon. In Poland, suburban municipalities usually base their development strategies on increasing the number of inhabitants, that is they consider urban sprawl as a blessing. We would like to look closer at municipal finances to verify if this might be true. We do not attempt to assess the full costs and benefits of urban sprawl – we will focus only on financial aspects of this phenomenon from the perspective of municipal revenues and expenditures. We use quasi-experimental design comparing a treatment group (suburban municipalities) and a control group (other municipalities similar to suburban units) in the period 2004–18 using data from the Polish Ministry of Finance. On the revenue side of the suburban municipalities, we can observe a greater increase of both, total and per capita revenues, compared to the control group. Suburbanization also affects expenditures, but due to the economies of scale, the relative increase in current expenditures is lower than the increase in the number of inhabitants. Generally, the current operational surplus grows faster in suburban municipalities, but also varies in time. From the perspective of financial standing of the suburban municipality urban sprawl can be regarded as a positive phenomenon at least in the short and medium run.
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Basnayake, B. F. A., R. T. K. Ariyawansha, A. K. Karunarathna, S. M. Werahera, and N. Mannapperuma. "Sustainable Waste Management Challenges in Sri Lanka." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 352–81. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0198-6.ch015.
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Sri Lanka faced many catastrophes in managing wastes because of human errors and climate change impacts. Consequently, government administrators with stakeholder participation drafted a comprehensive policy on all aspects of waste management and now requires planning processes in the national, provincial, and local authority levels. Evidenced-Based Interactive Database is under construction. It will be a platform for all actors to participate in managing all types of wastes, inclusive of quantity and quality of wastes. This chapter describes municipal solid waste management, including present status of technology applications with the emphasis on 3R to divert wastes from landfills. It contains reports on e-wastes collection programs and some processing, polythene recycling, hazardous wastes management, including healthcare wastes, disaster and construction and demolition wastes, informal sector and recyclers, economics of waste management, and case studies. Future directives are given with coupling of intended nationally determined contributions for sustainable waste management.
Conference papers on the topic "Municipal government – Environmental aspects – Australia"
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Karunarathna, T. A. D. C. D., P. Sridarran, and M. Gowsiga. "Electricity generation through municipal solid waste in Sri Lanka: Drivers and barriers." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.34.
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The rapid increase in population and urbanisation has led to an increase in per capita consumption and the generation of waste. Thus, the need of having improved management strategies for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has aroused. Waste to Energy (WtE) was a concept that came up as a solution for waste management and as an ideal solution for energy crises as well. WtE is a process of generating energy mainly in terms of electricity and heat by giving MSW as the input where it will become the fuel for this process. Most countries like Denmark, England, Australia, etc. use this as a successful Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) strategy and as a sustainable energy producing mechanism too. But, in Sri Lankan WtE has become unsuccessful in many instances due to the influence of barriers to implementing WtE mega-scale projects. Thus, this study aims to explore existing barriers in light of expanding WtE projects in Sri Lanka. In addition, it proposes strategies to mitigate those barriers. Data was collected through expert interviews and manual content analysis was used for data analysis. Some identified key barriers and strategies in the frame of political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental are lack of having government infrastructure, high initial investments, social burdens, lack of technical knowledge on WtE, disposal of bottom and fly ash as barriers and providing infrastructure by the government, introducing debt financing, social awareness, getting foreign technical experts, using bottom ash and fly ash to produce some necessary bi-products as strategies.
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DuBoff, Scott M. "Alternative Financing for Enhanced Environmental Protection: The Intersection of Waste-to-Energy Technology and Solid Waste Flow Control Authority." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2343.
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When local governments evaluate the environmental benefits and costs of alternatives for managing non-recyclable municipal solid waste, the relative costs of modern waste-to-energy (WTE) technology can be a significant stumbling block despite WTE technology’s environmental benefits. Although the preceding point is an important economic reality that has constrained WTE development in the United States, fortunately there is a highly effective means — the use of municipal solid waste “flow control” (or “facility designation”) authority — to overcome WTE’s perceived cost disadvantage. The relationship between flow control and WTE development, including significant encouragement for use of flow control as a result of the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent decision in United Haulers Association v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority, 127 S.Ct. 1786 (2007), is the focus of this paper, which will address the following topics: Policy Basis for Flow Control — Absent government intervention, management of municipal solid waste will seek the lowest cost (i.e., short-term cost) and frequently less environmentally protective alternatives. Flow control can counter the tendency to choose alternatives with lower short-term costs and at the same time facilitate implementation of the environmentally-preferable waste management alternatives a local government selects, such as WTE technology and other aspects of “integrated waste management.” Flow Control and the Courts — While the authority of a given local government to use flow control is grounded in state law, flow control also implicates matters that arise under federal law, such as Commerce Clause issues, given the possibility that solid waste regulation in one state can affect commercial interests in solid waste management in another state. Although concerns regarding claims of impact on interstate commerce prompted a negative Supreme Court response to flow control in C&A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown, 511 U.S. 383 (1994), the Court’s decision 13 years later in the Oneida-Herkimer case was in many ways just the opposite. WTE’s Correlation with Flow Control and Practical Guideposts — WTE development can be significantly advanced by the use of flow control. That conclusion is borne out by empirical data. The concluding portion of this paper addresses that topic as well as corollary issues, such as public-private collaboration for WTE development and other practical guideposts for implementing flow control ordinances.
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Ochoa, Jose M., Irene Marincic, Maria G. Alpuche, Sofia Canseco, and Ana C. Borbon. "Bioclimatic and Energy Efficiency Considerations for Social Housing: A Case Study in Hot Dry Climate." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54552.
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The development of social housing In Mexico during the last decade has been supported by the different levels of government (federal, state, and municipal) in order to assist low-income families. The accelerated construction that takes place in order to address the housing deficit causes a reduction in the quality of design and construction, which is also affected by rising building costs. Environmental comfort conditions inside the dwellings are reduced drastically when houses are constructed without considering climate conditions, especially in hot arid regions. This situation generates uncomfortable thermal conditions for users and high-energy costs due to the unavoidable need of air conditioning. User profiles, architectural program, comfort preferences and guidelines for design and construction of future dwellings in the city of Hermosillo, in northwest Mexico, were determined by surveying beneficiaries of government affordable housing programs. One survey measured the degree of satisfaction of inhabitants in a sample of over 370 households; a second survey sampled 200 households and was aimed at determining aspects of comfort. This paper describes the results of thermal simulations carried out on two housing models. The first model represents the type usually constructed by commercial developers, and the second is a proposal developed by the research team according to guidelines based on the results of the research project described before. This study is a preliminary step in the construction of a physical model for experimental research and demonstration.