Dissertations / Theses: 'Municipal corporations'

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Schultz, Olle, and Dennis Tran. "Municipal Corporations : A Study of The Accounting Choice." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-12517.

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Accounting choice has prior to this dissertation been studied comprehensively in the private sector, and in a small extent in the public sector. The purpose of this study is to explain what factors influence the accounting choice in municipal corporations. The dependent variable, accounting choice, has been limited to explain if the municipal corporations either use the fair-value method or the cost-depreciation method when considering asset value loss. The independent variables are partly derived from the New Public Management, which is an umbrella term for the decentralisation of public state authority. The findings of the study indicate that the factors municipal corporations’ dual role does not influence the accounting choice. However, a correlation between the turnover and the use of the fair-value method has been found. The study also shows that there is a correlation between the regulations of the Municipal Act and the use of fair-value method. Furthermore, only one of the hypotheses was found significant. This stated that there is a positive correlation between the financing from the private sector and the use of cost-depreciation method to value tangible assets. The findings indicate that one cannot study municipal corporations as a single phenomenon (i.e. no municipal corporations is another alike). This is because they incorporate charachteristics from both the public and the private sector, and thus, have different levels of publicness. The limitation of this study is that the dependent variable accounting choice is only considering the asset value loss (i.e. fair-value and cost-depreciation method), and thus, does not give a holistic picture of the research field.

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Rothwell, Brian. "The impact of the 1883 Municipal Corporations Act." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.698199.

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The aim of this thesis is to contribute an un-researched strand to the analysis of local government reform in the nineteenth century. The 1883 Municipal Corporations Act (MCA) has not attracted the attention of historians. It was a minor local government statute; the objective being to sweep away a rump of 110 undemocratic borough corporations in small market towns. The 1883 MCA had a differing impact on these ancient corporations. It forced twenty-eight of them to reform and allowed three more to remain in existence but stripped them of municipal powers. Four more towns were specifically granted permission to elect an ‘honorary’ mayor but that position held no municipal responsibilities. In addition, seventy-six corporations were summarily abolished on or before 29 September 1886. In thirty-one of these abolished boroughs, the corporations owned no property or trading rights; in the other forty-five, however, they did. In eight of these towns, their corporation’s assets and rights were transferred into local government bodies and they were subsumed into the county, district and parish councils established by the Local Government Acts of 1888 and 1894. In the remaining thirty-seven towns, charitable trusts were created as the repositories for the assets and rights of their abolished corporations. It is these trusts that are the focus of the thesis. They were created as charities and they possess public assets; the third (voluntary) sector therefore owning what should be (in today’s terms) in the second (public) sector. With the creation of parish councils shortly after their foundation, these trusts quickly became a halfway house between the undemocratic ancient borough corporation and the full local democracy that was introduced at parish level in 1895. Their structure is ‘semi-democratic’, with both elected councillor involvement but also volunteers acting as co-opted trustees. There is no accountability to the tiers of local government; they report to the Charity Commission. It is these ambiguities that have caused, and in some cases still cause, local governance problems in the some of the towns affected. The 1883 MCA has had a long reach; thirty-five of these charitable trusts still exist and they are having a differing impact on the local governance of the towns concerned. The aim of this thesis is to establish what that impact has been and what it is is today.

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Coombs, Hugh M. "Accounting change in municipal corporations, 1835 to 1935." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1996. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/accounting-change-in-municipal-corporations-1835-to-1935(e040e3b9-4def-4266-a524-18626876ce3a).html.

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This monograph together with its associated publications is concerned with attempting to identify why municipal corporations developed the accounting methods that they used over the period under review. It questions the statement by Jones (1992, 42) that local authorities in general adopted the accounting techniques that they did because of statutory obligations by an examination of the causes of accounting change in municipal corporations. These authorities are seen by this paper and its associated published works as the drivers of accounting change for the system of local government financial reporting. The analysis underpinning this conclusion is done within the context of a model based on the concept of 'actives' and 'passives' in the process of accounting change. The 'actives' represents the driving force behind innovations in accounting practice while the 'passives' are the outcomes of the pressures for change. The 'actives' are sub-divided into motivators, facilitators and catalysts for change. Following an initial introduction and the justification of the choice of municipal corporations as the driver of accounting change in the local government sector the text develops the model of 'actives' and 'passives' and identifies key changes in accounting practice. The overview then examines in detail the factors which caused accounting changes to take place within the context of the model developed by its application to six lead authorities which were the detailed subject of this study. The research examines, in depth, for the first time, inter alia, the contribution of the elected member, the finance officer, the professional accounting bodies, the audit and the press to the development of accounting techniques and practices by municipal corporations. Finally it draws appropriate conclusions from the evidence presented in both this overview and the published works as to why municipal corporations and local authorities in general developed the accounting practices they did.

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Short, Michael John. "The political relationship between central government and the local administration in Yorkshire, 1678-90." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/470/.

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The long decade from 1678 to 1690 was one of the most turbulent in the history of early modern England. In this thesis the politics of the period is re-evaluated with the help of source material deriving specifically from Yorkshire. Its primary focus is the complex relationship between central government and its agents on the one hand and a wide range of local administrators, activists and commentators on the other. The thesis employs a broadly chronological (as opposed to a thematic) framework, and places particular emphasis on three structural devices - a close analysis of the workings of central and local institutions of all kinds; potted biographies of hundreds of men, many of them relatively modest; together with a strong grounding in the national politics of the day. As well as using public records held in the great London repositories, it draws widely on material produced by the municipal corporations, the ridings and other political institutions in Yorkshire, without overlooking less formal documentation such as letters and diaries. Much of the local material has never been used before. Indeed some of it is identified here for the first time. A great many events, half-known and unknown, have been disinterred while researching the thesis. Some of them had a national and not just a local resonance, and these have been picked out for closer scrutiny. As a result, a number of historical orthodoxies have been challenged and reassessed. There is, for example, a radical (and much more positive) reappraisal of James II's longer-term prospects. Several unexamined assumptions have also been disposed of - for instance, that parliamentary boroughs were by definition chartered boroughs. But most important of all, this is the first fullscale study of the national politics of the period to be written from a regional standpoint. As such, it makes a distinct contribution to the historiography of late seventeenth century England.

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Amade, Nylander Olof, and Alexander Gjersvold. "How managerial discretion impacts the organizational performance of municipal corporations." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48599.

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Ryynänen, Aimo. "Kunnan tehtävien lakisääteistäminen tutkimus lakisääteistämisen vaikutuksista kunnan toimintaan, hallinto-organisaatioon ja valtionvalvontaan /." Tampere : Tampereen yliopisto, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22006812.html.

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Giroux, Francoise. "L'effet d'interaction structure-turbulence comme prédicat de la performance dans les petites municipalités québécoises /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1995. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Cardow, Andrew Graeme, and n/a. "Construction of entrepreneurship in publicly-owned utilities in New Zealand : local and translocal discourses, 1999-2001." University of Otago. Department of Political Science, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070202.160933.

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This research project examines how managers in local-government-owned business organisations justify their adoption of an entrepreneurial orientation and their interpretation of their role in entrepreneurial terms. To explore these justifications, interviews were conducted with the senior management of four local-government- owned business operations and one local council. They were: Metrowater, The Edge, Taieri Gorge Railway, Chatham Islands Council and Chatham Islands Enterprise Trust. These interviews were then analysed, utilising a critical discourse method. In addition, interviews were also conducted with senior managers in the Rotorua District Council and Taupo District Council who provided a sharp contrast to the former organisations and suggested a means by which the neo-liberal approach within the sector might be countered. Through speaking with the various local govermnent business managers contacted for this project, I concluded that managers of local-government-owned business operations have a strong institutional identification with the private sector. This identity is so strong that many of the managers interviewed have rejected the very notion that they are public employees of any sort. The managers have adopted an entrepreneurial approach because they see this as essential to gain professional legitimacy with their peers in the private sector. This has caused them to place distance between themselves and the owners of the business that they manage (that is, the councils), and the local citizens they ostensibly serve, to the extent that they have described their job as providing goods and services to customers rather than providing services for citizens. I will show that the adoption of such an attitude is inappropriate when placed within the context of local-government-owned and operated business concerns. From the point of view of European settlement, New Zealand is a very young country, especially in the administrative sector. To provide a background to this project and to suggest the main lines of development of local government in New Zealand, I have included a prologue that outlines the history of local government in New Zealand.

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Silva, Diego Coimbra Barcelos da. "Cidade, poder e diferença: outros caminhos para a compreensão do direito à cidade sustentável em Henri Lefebvre." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2018. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3752.

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Este trabalho monográfico tem por objeto a análise e a proposição de caminhos alternativos para a compreensão do direito à cidade sustentável, sob o prisma das relações de poder. Para tanto, busca esquadrinhar alguns pressupostos e conceitos centrais da obra de Henri Lefebvre, notadamente aqueles em que a proposta original do direito à cidade se alicerça, a fim de compatibilizá-los com as categorias de análise necessárias à condução da pesquisa. Nesse intento, esboça um quadro argumentativo sistemático que aponta para as direções da redistribuição do poder no espaço urbano, da plenitude do exercício da multiterritorialidade e dos múltiplos territórios e da participaçãointervenção na produção dos discursos ambiental e jurídico-urbanístico, este último através do pluralismo jurídico. Busca, ainda, analisar a viabilidade teórica dos sentidos propostos no escopo da teoria espacial lefebvriana.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES
This dissertation aims at analyzing and proposing alternative ways of understanding the right to a sustainable city, in the light of power relations. To do so, it seeks to explore some key assumptions and concepts of Henri Lefebvre's work, mostly those on which the original proposal of the right to the city was built, in order to match with the categories of analysis in the development of the research. In this attempt, outlines a systematic argumentative framework, that points to the redistribution of power in the urban space, the full exercise of multiterritoriality and multiple territories and the participationintervention in the production of environmental and legal-urban discourse, the latter through the legal pluralism. Also seeks to analyze the theoretical feasibility of the proposed meanings within the scope of Lefebvrian spatial theory.

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Elsheikh, Esam. "Management Control Systems & Performance Measurement Systems in Hybrid Organizations : The case of The Swedish Municipal Housing Corporations." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18372.

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Municipal housing companies (MHCs) can be seen as hybrid organizations, operating under multiple institutional logics that are likely in tension with each other. Measuring the performance of hybrid organizations is a much harder exercise than measuring the performance of pure public or pure private entities. There is a lack of research in this area. To fill this gab van Helden and Reichard’s (2016a) proposed a framework that assigns typical characteristics to PMS in hybrids. The authors call for empirics to test the framework. Accordingly, the first purpose of the thesis is to test the hypotheses of this framework in practice, using a case study approach of two MHCs, MKB AB and LKF AB. The second purpose is to shed light on challenges, conflicts and even propose solutions for MCS/PMS. The thesis ended up by proposing a conceptual model for MCS/PMS that aims to reconcile conflicting goals and logics. The model integrates strategic management control tools (BSC and ERP) to support strategy implementation and formulation as well as to reconcile the different interests of the various stakeholders.

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Pieters, Nonkqubela Ntomboxolo. "Evaluating revenue collection and allocation challenges faced by Ndlambe Local Municipality (Eastern Cape Province)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4442.

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In this project, the researcher evaluates revenue collection and allocation challenges faced by South African Municipalities in the case of NDLAMBE Local Municipality and this research project consist of five Chapters. Chapter one introduces and outlines the setting of the study and also provides the problem statement, research questions, research objectives and significance of the study. The chapter further clarifies the key concepts and terms that were used in the study, delimitation and limitations of the study. Chapter two provides a critical discussion of the concept of revenue collection and allocation, focusing on the various perspective of revenue. A source of municipal revenue and revenue collection and allocation model is explained as well as theoretical framework that guides it. Chapter three gives an account of the research design and methodology used in the study and in this study the researcher used the qualitative research approach as a data collection technique and document surveys were used because it is cheap and it saves time. The chapter also highlights the revenue collection and allocation applicable to the study and conclude by discussing the data analysis techniques that were used in the empirical study. Chapter four dealt with the data analysis of data collected presentation and discussion of the results and the researcher analyzed data using the filtering technique and content analysis. Chapter five drew conclusions and made scientific recommendations based on the research findings.The municipality is largely dependent on grants from upper spheres of government and generate less than 20 percent of current expenditures from own resources. As a whole, the revenue collection and allocation challenge of the NDLAMBE Local Municipality, given the current scenario of flows, is a reason for concern. Due to historical and political factors, local governments in South Africa differ substantially in terms of potential revenue base, but it may be that in many cases potential revenue is not exploited and that the high level of dependency on grants, high level of bad debts and lack of political will to be more self-reliant is the result of poor revenue in NDLAMBE Local Municipality.

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Pieters, Nonkqubela Ntomboxolo. "Evaluating revenue collection and allocation challenges faced by Ndlambe Local Municipality (Eastern Cape Province)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4426.

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In this project, the researcher evaluates revenue collection and allocation challenges faced by South African Municipalities in the case of NDLAMBE Local Municipality and this research project consist of five Chapters. Chapter one introduces and outlines the setting of the study and also provides the problem statement, research questions, research objectives and significance of the study. The chapter further clarifies the key concepts and terms that were used in the study, delimitation and limitations of the study. Chapter two provides a critical discussion of the concept of revenue collection and allocation, focusing on the various perspective of revenue. A source of municipal revenue and revenue collection and allocation model is explained as well as theoretical framework that guides it. Chapter three gives an account of the research design and methodology used in the study and in this study the researcher used the qualitative research approach as a data collection technique and document surveys were used because it is cheap and it saves time. The chapter also highlights the revenue collection and allocation applicable to the study and conclude by discussing the data analysis techniques that were used in the empirical study. Chapter four dealt with the data analysis of data collected presentation and discussion of the results and the researcher analyzed data using the filtering technique and content analysis. Chapter five drew conclusions and made scientific recommendations based on the research findings.The municipality is largely dependent on grants from upper spheres of government and generate less than 20 percent of current expenditures from own resources. As a whole, the revenue collection and allocation challenge of the NDLAMBE Local Municipality, given the current scenario of flows, is a reason for concern. Due to historical and political factors, local governments in South Africa differ substantially in terms of potential revenue base, but it may be that in many cases potential revenue is not exploited and that the high level of dependency on grants, high level of bad debts and lack of political will to be more self-reliant is the result of poor revenue in NDLAMBE Local Municipality.

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Bokwe, Nosiphiwo Gloria. "Assessing the local government turnaround strategy: the case of Ngqushwa Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020084.

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The thrust of the study is to investigate the Local Government Turnaround Strategy as introduced by Cabinet in the year 2009. In this treatise a critical evaluation of the Local Government Turnaround Strategy that was passed by cabinet as a panacea that seeks to address the challenges that are being faced by municipalities today will be embarked upon. A case study of the Ngqushwa Local Municipality in the Amathole District Municipal area will be undertaken with the view to understand whether the Local Government Turnaround Strategy will indeed assist ailing local municipalities like Ngqushwa. As can be seen in our country, apartheid has left many problems both in the social, economic and political realms of our society. When local government was first established it was for the perpetuation of separate development as enshrined in the policy of apartheid. Apartheid was not the beginning of geographic, institutional and social separation at the local level. Segregation was already a policy by the time apartheid was introduced in 1948. However, the Group Areas Act, the key piece of legislation, instituted strict residential segregation and compulsory removal of black people to own group areas. Through spatial separation, influx control, and a policy of own management for own areas, apartheid aimed to limit the extent to which affluent white municipalities would bear the financial burden of servicing disadvantaged black areas. These separate developments led to the collapse of the former Black Local Authorities. When the democratic government took over the same challenges reared their heads again. Many intervention programmes were introduced to assist ailing municipalities to be viable. The study thus has tried to indicate how the Turnaround has assisted municipalities like the Ngqushwa Local Municipality.

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Ruiz, Gómez Vicenç. "D’homines a universitas: notariat, règim municipal i fiscalitat. Terrassa, 1180-1322." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462771.

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El present estudi pretén analitzar el procés de conformació política d’una comunitat local a l’edat mitjana. Tal com la historiografia ha posat de manifest, poden ser diversos els factors que intervenen en la consolidació d’una dinàmica d’acció col·lectiva: conflictes amb senyors, capacitat mútua de defensa, funció judicial dels consells, la constitució d’un sistema fiscal a partir de la gestió de l’endeutament públic, etc. Tenint en compte aquests factors, la recerca resseguirà, especialment, la interacció dels tres plànols més rellevants que, al nostre entendre, fonamentaren aquesta dinàmica: la creació i desenvolupament de la notaria de destret a partir del 1236; l’establiment d’un règim municipal; i la consolidació d’un hàbit fiscal municipal fruit de la creixent pressió reial. El marc cronològic triat, 1180-1322, comprèn des de la primera referència a uns prohoms que participen de la resolució de conflictes en un tribunal estable presidit pel castlà i pel batlle reial fins a la petició de subsidi per la conquesta de Sardenya. En aquests cent quaranta anys, assistirem a l’emergència d’un nou subjecte polític, la universitas villa et termini Terracie, que permetrà als habitants de Terrassa articular institucionalment la dialèctica generada per la confrontació de les pressions senyorials i els interessos, no sempre homogenis, de la comunitat. Pel que fa al notariat, volem demostrar com la seva gran difusió i acceptació al llarg del segle XIII a casa nostra rau en què l’autenticitat i integritat documentals no es fonamenten en la materialitat de l’instrument complet, sinó en llur construcció social fruit de l’acord de les parts. L’adopció de la tècnica de la doble redacció s’explica perquè els assentaments sintètics que formen les imbreviatures mantenien oberta la potencialitat de canvi dels negocis i acords presos. La confiança en la institució notarial no es basava en la seva garantia d’inalterabilitat dels contractes, sinó en la seva capacitat per modular la realitat jurídica inicial en funció de les volubles necessitats socials de cada moment. El registre notarial, de fet, serà emprat com a cancelleria local tant per la universitat terrassenca com per l’incipient règim municipal que, des dels anys quaranta del segle XIII, podem analitzar en detall. No només permet resseguir el funcionament del càrrec de batlle (accés, durada, funcions) i, a partir de 1290, del lloctinent del batlle, sinó que evidencia el progressiu rol determinant del consell de prohoms. Hi podem trobar també les actes de recepció en habitant de la vila, la particular concessió de ciutadania terrassenca, atorgades des de 1239 conjuntament pel batlle i els prohoms. I, finalment, les diverses actuacions sindicades en nom dels prohoms o la universitat de Terrassa per afers comunitaris (plets, hosts, serveis com el d’un metge) o la constitució d’un arxiu municipal el 1312. Finalment, el tercer vessant, tot i que també ens ocupem de la compravenda i gestió de les rendes reials, sobretot hem centrat l’atenció en l’evolució del comú, és a dir, de les obligacions fiscals dels habitants de Terrassa fruit de les peticions reials i el seu reflex en àmbit municipal a partir de les talles i la resta de documentació associada al procediment de lleva, recaptació i pagament a la corona. A banda de quèsties i redempcions d’exèrcit, veurem quines altres necessitats comunes s’afrontaven a través d’aquesta imposició directa i, sobretot, quins efectes tindrà en la conformació d’una identitat local sota el mantell jurídic de la universitat.
The present study aims to analyze the process of political conformation of a local community during the Middle Ages. As historiography has shown, the factors that intervene in the consolidation of a dynamics of collective action can be diverse: conflicts with lords, mutual defense capacity, judicial function of the councils, the constitution of a tax system on the basis of public debt, etc. Taking these factors into account, the research will focus on the interaction of the three most relevant levels that, in our opinion, framed this dynamic: the creation and development of a public notary office from 1236; the establishment of a municipal regime; and the consolidation of a municipal tax habit resulting from a rising royal pressure. The chosen chronological window, 1180-1322, includes from the first reference to prohoms who participate in the resolution of conflicts in a stable court chaired by the castlà and the royal bailiff until the request for subsidy for the conquest of Sardinia. In these one hundred and forty years, we will see the emergence of a new political subject, the universitas villa et termini Terracie, which will allow the inhabitants of Terrassa to institutionally articulate the dialectic generated due to the confrontation between lordly pressures and the, not always homogeneous, interests of the community.

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Forsberg, Linda, and Maria Götesdotter. "Ombildning från hyresrätt till bostadsrätt - allmännyttans motiv." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-638.

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Syfte: Bakgrunden till vår undersökning är att ombildningstakten har ökat och vårt syfte med examensarbetet är att få en förståelse för utvecklingen bakom ombildningar som sker från allmännyttiga bostadsföretag i Sverige. Vi vill undersöka vilka motiv som ligger bakom ombildningarna, värdering vid ombildning och allmännyttans framtid.

Metod: Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med intervjuer som primärdata och litteraturstudier som sekundärdata. Vårt insamlade material sammanställdes och analyserades sedan.

Resultat & slutsats: Ombildningar i allmännyttan kommer oftast genom att kommunen ger direktiv om det. Motiven är ideologiska, ekonomiska och bostadspolitiska. Ombildning är ett bra medel för att förbättra områden och frigöra kapital om det finns en bra plan och strategi. På många ställen i Sverige kan ombildning förbättra bostadsmarknaden men i Stockholm ser vi en tendens till obalans på marknaden.

Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Uppföljning av allmännyttan, införande av marknadshyror, mer tillsyn i ombildningsprocessen, kommuners perspektiv, värderingsmetoder, jämförelser med privata företag och mot andra länder är områden som vi ser möjligheter till vidare undersökning.

Uppsatsens bidrag: Vi vill ge kommuner förslag om att jobba på ett bättre sätt med klara planer och mål innan beslut om stora försäljningar fattas för att få en varierad bostadsmarknad. Vi anser att allmännyttiga bostadsföretag kan stå för byggnation av både hyresrätter och bostadsrätter för att på sikt få en lönsamhet i nyproduktion och en blandad upplåtelseform.

Aim: The background for our investigation is the increasing growth rate for transformations and our aim with the essay is to reach an understanding for the development behind the transformations that takes place from municipal housing corporations. We want to investigate what motives that lies behind transformation decisions, valuation in transformation and the municipal housing corporation’s future.

Method: We have used a qualitative research method with interviews as our primary data and literature studies as our secondary data. Our gathered information were compiled and later analyzed.

Result & Conclusions: Transformations in municipal housing corporations often come through directives from the municipality. The motives are ideological, financial or from housing policy. Transformation is a good way to improve housing areas and free capital if there is a good strategy and plan. Transformation can improve the housing market in many areas in Sweden but we can see a tendency of unbalance in Stockholm.

Suggestions for future research: A follow up on Municipal housing corporation’s future, an introduction of market rent, more supervision in the transformation process, municipally perspective, valuation methods, comparison with private companies and against other countries are possible areas for further investigation.

Contribution of the thesis: We want to give municipality suggestions to work in a better way with clear plans and strategy for miscellaneous housing markets before they come to a decision on big sales. We think that municipal housing corporations can build both right of tenancy and tenant-ownership for a long term new profitable production and a mixed form of ownership.

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Imbert-Bouchard, Ribera Daniel. "La senyalització turística com a instrument de gestió territorial. El cas dels municipis turístics de Catalunya; l’estat de la qüestió entre 2013 i 2017." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668669.

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Aquesta tesi analitza la senyalització turística urbana per a vianants, entesa aquesta com a una eina de gestió del turisme urbà i també de les dinàmiques generals de mobilitat de la ciutat. La recerca es recolza en dues premisses: en primer lloc, en l’obligació que tenen els municipis declarats oficialment turístics (en virtut de la legislació vigent) de disposar d’una senyalització turística específica. I, en segon lloc, en la necessitat d’oferir a un nombre creixent de visitants i turistes una informació que faciliti la seva atenció i acollida en benefici de la qualitat i millora de l’experiència turística. Addicionalment, la recerca vol posar de manifest la necessitat de comptar amb uns criteris inequívocs d’homogeneïtzació de la senyalització turística, pel que fa a l’estandardització de dissenys i continguts a escala local i també per evitar la sensació de pèrdua o desinformació del visitant. La senyalització dels atractius i dels recursos turístics presents en el territori ha esdevingut un element cabdal per millorar la competitivitat de les destinacions turístiques. En un context d’irrupció tecnològica i d’expansió del turisme a totes les escales, la senyalització física s’erigeix com una eina que permet a qualsevol destinació reforçar la seva imatge turística, actuar en benefici de la seva promoció, contribuir a millorar la seva gestió i regular espacialment els fluxos de mobilitat turística en l’àmbit urbà. La recerca comença amb una contextualització del fenomen turístic urbà per situar després les directrius i normatives diverses sobre la senyalització. La part empírica del treball consisteix en recopilar i analitzar la senyalització turística que s’aplica actualment en els municipis catalans que per llei n’han de disposar (110 municipis), als quals s’hi afegeixen –pel seu interès– els que superen els 20.000 habitants (45 municipis). L’abast temporal de la recerca comprèn el període 2013 i 2017 i s’ha recolzat en l’anàlisi bibliogràfica i documental, la realització d’entrevistes amb els actors concernits i en un exhaustiu treball de camp realitzat en tots i cadascun dels municipis objecte d’estudi. L’objectiu final és conèixer i avaluar les característiques formals de la senyalització i la seva evolució durant el període considerat, a fi i efecte de poder aportar conclusions en els aspectes següents: les noves funcionalitats, tendències i oportunitats de la senyalització en benefici tan de l’experiència turística com de la millora de la gestió urbana des de la perspectiva de la competitivitat i la sostenibilitat de les destinacions. Des d’aquest punt de vista es pot avançar que no sempre la senyalització que ofereixen les destinacions locals té la qualitat que cal esperar en un context de creixement sense precedents del turisme.
Esta tesis analiza la señalización turística peatonal que se aplica en Catalunya, entendida ésta como una herramienta de gestión del turismo urbano y también de las dinámicas generales de movilidad de la ciudad. La investigación se fundamenta en dos premisas de partida: en primer lugar, en la obligación que tienen los municipios declarados oficialmente turísticos (en virtud de la legislación vigente) de disponer de una señalización turística específica. Y, en segundo lugar, en la necesidad de ofrecer a un número creciente de visitantes y turistas una información que facilite su atención y acogida, en beneficio de la calidad y mejora del destino y de la experiencia turística. Adicionalmente, la investigación pone de manifiesto la necesidad de contar con unos criterios inequívocos de homogeneización de la señalización turística, en cuanto a la estandarización de diseños y contenidos a nivel local y también para evitar la sensación de pérdida o desinformación por parte del visitante. La señalización de los atractivos y los recursos turísticos existentes en el territorio constituye un elemento clave para la mejora de la competitividad de los destinos turísticos. En un contexto de irrupción tecnológica y de expansión creciente del turismo a todas las escalas, la señalización física es una herramienta que permite a cualquier destino reforzar su imagen turística, actuar en beneficio de su propia promoción, contribuir a mejorar su gestión y regular espacialmente los flujos de movilidad turística en el ámbito urbano. La investigación se inicia con una contextualización del fenómeno turístico urbano para situar posteriormente las directrices y normativas existentes sobre señalización. En la parte empírica del trabajo se ha recopilado, analizado y evaluado la señalización turística existente en los municipios catalanes que por ley deben disponer de la misma (110 municipios), a los que se añaden -por su interés- los que superan los 20.000 habitantes (45 municipios). El alcance temporal de la investigación abarca el periodo 2013-2017 y se apoya en el análisis bibliográfico y documental, en entrevistas realizadas a los actores concernidos y en un exhaustivo trabajo de campo realizado en todos y cada uno de los municipios objeto de estudio. Todo ello ha permitido conocer y evaluar las características formales de la señalización y su evolución durante el periodo considerado, con el fin de aportar conclusiones en los siguientes aspectos: las nuevas funcionalidades, tendencias y oportunidades de la señalización física, en beneficio tanto de la propia experiencia turística como de la mejora de la gestión urbana en aras de mejorar la competitividad y la sostenibilidad de los destinos. Desde este punto de vista se puede adelantar que no siempre la señalización que ofrecen los destinos locales tiene la calidad que cabe esperar en un contexto de crecimiento sin precedentes del turismo.
This thesis analyses tourism signage for pedestrians in urban areas. Signage must be regarded as a management tool not only for tourism itself but also for the general dynamics of urban mobility. The research has two starting points; the first one is the need to provide visitors and tourists with both basic welcome information and services signage, which benefits quality and enhances the tourism experience. The second one is the legal constraint that compels officially declared tourism municipalities to apply a specific tourism signage system. Apart from that, this research also highlights the need for clear criteria of homogenised signage relating to standardised design and content at local level while helping visitors avoid the feeling of being lost or disinformed. Thus, the signposting of tourist attractions and resources available in a territory has become of great importance to improve the image and competitiveness of the tourism destinations. In a context where technologies are emerging and developing at all levels, signage stands as the instrument that enables the achievement of two objectives from the tourism perspective. On the one hand, guide and inform visitors for an enhanced tourist experience, and on the other hand, manage and regulate the tourists’ flows and mobility within the urban environment. This research describes and analyses the formal features and the state of the tourism signage system in the municipalities where this signposting must be applied by law. To these municipalities, those ones with over 20.000 inhabitants have joined in their own interest. The research is based on bibliographic and documentary analysis, in-depth interviews to the stakeholders involved as well as fieldwork. The latter has consisted of data collection and direct observation of the signposting applied in the above mentioned municipalities from the years 2013 to 2017. This will provide knowledge about the evolution of tourism signage for pedestrians during the period analysed. From this point of view, it can be advanced that the signage in local destinations does not always meet the quality standards expected from such a competitive tourism destination as Catalonia.

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Ederstål, Kim, and Amanda Kaller. "Upphandling av auktoriserad revisor till kommunala aktiebolag : Vilka faktorer påverkar valet av revisionsbyrå?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131567.

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De kommunala aktiebolagen måste granskas av en auktoriserad revisor. Dock måste dessa upphandlas enligt LOU. LOU har kritiserats för att påverka vilka faktorer som avgör vilken revisionsbyrå som upphandlas. De kommunala aktiebolagen har också kritiseras för att brista i transparens. Få tidigare studier har fokuserat på revision inom kommunala aktiebolag på grund av att det hamnar mellan två forskningsfält. Därför är det intressant att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar valet av revisor. Syftet med denna studie är att förklara vilka faktorer som påverkar om sakkunnig yrkesrevisorer anlitade av kommunens revisorer och auktoriserad revisor i kommunens bolag upphandlas från samma revisionsbyrå eller inte. Studien har en deduktiv ansats eftersom befintliga teorier härleds och ligger till grund för studiens hypoteser. En tvärsnittsstudie har genomförts för att förklara sambandet mellan olika faktorer och valet av revisionsbyrå. Empirin består av primär- och sekundärdata och datainsamling har gjorts genom dokumentstudier samt en enkätundersökning. Detta analyseras sedan med hjälp av regressionsanalyser. Studiens resultat visar att det finns faktorer som förklarar valet av revisionsbyrå. Upphandlingsprocessen uppvisar ett signifikant samband med valet av revisionsbyrå.
Municipal corporations require auditing by a certified auditor. These must be procured in accordance with Swedish legislation (LOU). However, this process of procurement has been criticized for affecting auditor choice while Municipal corporations have been criticized for lacking transparency. The fact that municipal corporations are considered part of both the private and public sector have lead to few studies focused on this type of organization. Auditing in municipal corporations is therefor of interest to study. The aim of this thesis is to explain which factors affect whether or not municipal auditors and certified auditors for the municipal corporations are procured from the same audit firm. A deductive approach is used for creating hypotheses based on existing theories. In order to explain the relationship between different factors and the choice of audit firm we use a cross-sectional design. Secondary data is gathered through documents and a survey is designed for the purpose of collecting primary data. The data is analyzed through regression analysis. Results show factors affecting the choice of audit firm. There is a significant relationship between the procurement process and the choice of audit firm.

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Böhler, Roland. "Alter und neuer Rechtsbruchtatbestand : aufgezeigt am Beispiel des Marktzutritts kommunaler Unternehmen /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2009. http://d-nb.info/991610261/04.

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Forsberg, Linda. "Underhållsfonder i bostadsföretag : - en långsiktig lösning?" Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4823.

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Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är dels att ge förståelse till problematiken med underhåll. Dels att ge upplysningar och förslag som kan bidra till lösningar kring användningen av avdragsgilla underhållsfonder i praktiken, för att främja och strukturera underhållsfinansieringen i kommunala bostadsföretag.

Metod: Till denna undersökning har jag använt mig av en genomgripande datainsamling. Jag har använt mig av en kvalitativ metod i form av åtta intervjuer, och detta har även varit undersökningens primärdata. Undersökningens sekundärdata avser litteratur och ett stort antal dokument. Arbetsmetoden har varit en kreativ process.

Resultat & slutsats: Jag har kommit fram till att underhållsfonder, underhållsplaner och ombyggnationer minskar det eftersatta underhållet. Underhållsfonder utjämnar stora utgifter och gör att intäkterna kan matcha kostnaderna när de kommer. Underhållsplanen synliggör kostnader, vilket underlättar i förhandlingarna, skapar en ekonomisk förberedelse och minskar akuta åtgärder med lägre kostnader på sikt. Planen skapar även en uppfattning om det framtida underhållsbehovet. Ombyggnader förlänger fastighetens brukstid, återställer standarden, höjer fastighetsvärdet och driftnettot. För att finansiera underhållet krävs ett högre hyresuttag men marknaden och betalningsviljan kan försvåra detta inom vissa orter i landet.

Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Frågor som inte besvaras i denna undersökning är; huruvida avskrivningarna bör höjas eller inte, hur uppföljning av underhållsplaner sker, portföljteori i upphandlingar och försäljning samt företags arbete med underhållsplaneringssystem.

Uppsatsens bidrag: Med denna undersökning vill jag delge tillförlitlig information och upplysningar som kan vara till hjälp för vidare utredningar av underhållsfonder samt till hjälp för underhållsarbetet. Jag anser att ett långsiktigt tänk måste tillämpas i företagen för att möta framtida underhåll så att historien inte upprepar sig. Bostadsföretagen bör använda långsiktiga underhållsplaner även om underhållsfonder införs eller inte.

Aim: This essay aims partly to provide an understanding to the problems regarding maintenance. Partly to give information and produce proposals that can contribute with a solution to the use of maintenance funds in practice, promote and structure finance of maintenance in municipal housing corporations.

Method: For this investigation I have used a major gathering of information. I have been using a qualitative research method with eight interviews, which is the primary data of the investigation. The secondary data of this investigation refers to literature together with a large number of documents. The working method has been a creative process.

Result & Conclusions: I have come up with a conclusion that maintenance funds, maintenance plans and rebuilding can reduce the neglected maintenance. Maintenance funds equalize large costs and make it easier to match income with costs when they arrive. Maintenance plans make costs visible which makes it easier in negotiations, creates an economic preparation and decreases immediate measures that results in further decreased costs. They also provide an understanding for the future need of maintenance. Rebuilding extend the useful life span of properties, restore standard, raise property value and operating net value. A higher rent requires to being able to finance the maintenance, but the market and the will to pay may complicate this achievement in different places in the country.

Suggestions for future research: Questions that has not being answered through this investigation is; whether depreciation should be increased or not, how the maintenance plans are being followed up, portfolio theory in purchase and selling and corporations work with maintenance systems.

Contribution of the thesis: With this investigation I want to illustrate reliable information that can help future investigations of maintenance funds and the corporations work with maintenance. I think that a long-term thinking must be incorporated in the housing corporations to handle future maintenance so that the history not repeats itself. The housing corporations should use long-term maintenance plans even if the funds will be introduced or not.

Key words: "Miljonprogrammet"[1], neglected maintenance, maintenance fund, financing, municipal housing corporations.

[1] A large scale planning project, which set out to build one million new residences in ten years.

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Bellis, Linnea, and Karolina Jishammar. "Sambandet mellanägaridentitet ochhållbarhetsrevision." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150916.

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Bakgrund Från och med räkenskapsår som påbörjas efter den 31 december 2016 är det obligatoriskt för stora svenska aktiebolag att upprätta en hållbarhetsrapport. Lagstiftaren har dock inte krävt att hållbarhetsrapporten ska granskas av en revisor. Både publika och kommunala bolag omfattas av den nya lagstiftningen. Utifrån positiv redovisningsteori (PAT) och institutionell teori (IT) kan det tänkas att bolagens olika ägaridentiteter påverkar deras behov av hållbarhetsrevision. Syfte Syftet med studien är att förklara sambandet mellan ägaridentitet och hållbarhetsrevision i svenska aktiebolag. Vidare ska vi analysera vilka faktorer som påverkar kommunala aktiebolags beslut att antingen välja eller avstå från hållbarhetsrevision. Metod Denna kvantitativa studie har ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Utifrån PAT och IT har tre hypoteser formulerats. En tvärsnittsdesign har använts och sekundärdata i form av årsredovisningar från företagens hemsidor har analyserats med logistisk regression. Dessutom har en kompletterande analys i form av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med representanter från kommunala aktiebolag. Slutsats Ägaridentitet var inte statistiskt signifikant, men resultatet bör beaktas med viss försiktighet, eftersom endast tre kommunala bolag valde hållbarhetsrevision. Resultaten från de semistrukturerade intervjuerna visar visst stöd för både PAT och IT. Slutligen visar studiens resultat ett signifikant samband mellan hållbarhetsrevision och kontrollvariablerna storlek och bransch.
Introduction Since the 31th of December 2016, sustainability reporting has been mandatory for big companies in Sweden. The legislation is based on soft regulation, which means that it is not mandatory for companies to apply sustainability reporting assurance (SRA). Both listed and municipal corporations are affected by the new legislation. Based on positive accounting theory (PAT) and institutional theory (IT), it is possible that their different ownership identities will affect their choice of applying SRA. Purpose The purpose this study is to explain the relationship between ownership identity and SRA for Swedish companies. In addition, we will analyse factors that influence municipal corporations’ choice to apply or not to apply SRA. Method This quantitative study is based on a deductive approach. Based on PAT and IT, three hypothesis have been developed. A cross-sectional design has been used together with secondary data from companies’ annual reports in a logistic regression. Finally, we have developed our results from the logistic regression through four semi-structured interviews with employees from municipal corporations that are affected by the new legislation. Conclusion Ownership identity was not statistically significant in the logistic regression. However, our results should be read with some caution, since only three municipal corporations chose SRA. The results from the semi-structured interviews gave us some support for both PAT and IT. Moreover, our findings show a positive relationship between SRA and the control variables firm size and industry belonging.

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Ottinger, Carl, and Emanuel Hedberg. "Balanserade styrkortet och bostadsbolag : En jämförande studie mellan kommunala och privata bostadsbolag." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162593.

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Bakgrund: Användandet av PMS och olika styrmedel är föremål för ständig diskussion. Ett populärt verktyg inom styrning är det balanserade styrkortet, som kombinerar finansiella mål med ickefinansiella mål. Dessa mål fastställs och verkställs utifrån en organisations strategi. Hybrida organisationer är organisationer som har flera olika målsättningar, och har visats ha svårighet att identifiera sina mål inom det balanserade styrkortets perspektiv. I den svenska kontexten är en typ av hybrida organisationer kommunala bostadsbolag. Tidigare studier har efterfrågat vidare forskning om användandet av PMS i hybrida organisationer, varför en studie av omfattningen av kommunala bostadsbolags användning av det balanserade styrkortet kan bidra till forskningsområdet. Syfte: Skiljer sig omfattningen av redovisningen av de olika dimensionerna kopplade till det balanserade styrkortet mellan kommunala och privata bostadsbolag? Metod: Studien har applicerat en kvantitativ metod där vi, i linje med tidigare studier, tillämpar en kvantitativ innehållsanalys som består av 30 kommunala bostadsbolag och 30 privata bostadsbolag årsredovisningar. Studien bygger på en deduktiv ansats där en hypotes formulerats utifrån befintliga teorier. Erhållen empiri har använts för deskriptiv statistik, korrelationsmatrisen samt OLS-regressioner för att beskriva omfattningen av redovisning utifrån det balanserade styrkortets olika dimensioner. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det finns vissa samband mellan kommunalt ägande av bostadsbolag och omfattningen av redovisningen av de olika dimensionerna i det balanserade styrkortet. Kommunalt ägande visade signifikant negativt samband med omfattningen av det finansiella perspektivet och interna-processer-perspektivet i det balanserade styrkortet. Av kontrollvariabler för storlek visade endast materiella anläggningstillgångar positiva signifikanta samband med omfattningen av redovisningen.
Background: The use of PMS and various management control systems is the subject of constant debate. One popular tool is the balanced scorecard, which combines financial and non-financial goals described in several different dimensions. These goals are set and executed dependent on the strategy of the organisation. Hybrid organisations are organisations which have several different goals, and have shown difficulty in identifying what their goals are in the context of the balanced scorecards various perspectives. In the context of Sweden, one type of hybrid organisations are municipal housing corporations. Earlier studies have requested further research regarding hybrid organisations and their use of PMS. This study aims to contribute to this area of research by studying the extent of municipal housing corporations use of the balanced scorecard. Purpose: Does the extent of the reporting of the different dimensions in the balanced scorecard differ between municipal housing corporations and private housing corporations? Methodology: The study applies a quantitative method in which we, in line with earlier studies, apply a quantitative content analysis which consist of 30 municipal housing corporations and 30 private housing corporations. The study is constructed with a deductive approach where a hypothesis has been formulated by existing theories. Obtained empiricism has been used for descriptive statistics, correlations matrix and OLS-regressions to describe the extent of the reporting of the different dimensions in the balanced scorecard. Conclusion: The results of the study show that there exists some relation between municipal housing corporations and the extent of the reporting of the different dimensions in the balanced scorecard. Municipal ownership showed a significant negative relation with the extent of the financial perspective and the internal processes perspective. For the control variables regarding size, only fixed assets showed a significant positive relation with the extent of the reporting.

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Das, Chinmyakar. "People, Governance and development : a study of Siliguri Municipal corporation area." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/296.

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Fifield, Ian Charles. "The audit of municioal corporations 1835-1974 : a Habermasian analysis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271113.

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Leyssens, Agathe. "Elites municipales, corporations et pouvoirs à Dunkerque au XVIIIe siècle." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30060.

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Port récemment rattaché à la France, Dunkerque est une ville dominée économiquement et politiquement par les négociants. Malgré l'apparente abondance des patronymes, la réalité du pouvoir municipal reste concentrée au sein de quelques constellations familiales telles que les Tugghe, Taverne, Coppens, etc. Pour assujettir la ville à l'autorité française, l'intendant doit, dans un premier temps, mettre en opposition ces familles patriciennes, s'attacher la fidélité des clans locaux. En réduisant leur influence, il permet l'émergence de nouveaux clans dépendant totalement de sa faveur. Tâche délicate d'autant que la vie de la cité dépend de l'activité portuaire. Les aléas des guerres menacent, non seulement, la fortune des élites dunkerquoises mais, également, la survie de tout un petit peuple urbain. Les corporations laissent entr'apercevoir une partie de ce monde dominé. Favorisées au début du XVIIIe sièvle, les guildes dunkerquoises, tout comme leurs homologues françaises ou des Pays-Bas autrichiens, subissent ensuite les attaques du libéralisme. Les jurandes ne se réduisent pas à l'aspect économique. Elles sont des lieux de sociabilité et de socialisation, nécessaires dans une cité à la croissance démographique particulièrement forte. Loin d'être des castes, les confréries sont aussi des tremplins pour certaines familles. La période révolutionnaire bouleverse progressivement le jeu politique local. L'apparent maintien de la domination des négociants ne peut occulter la manifestation d'un mécontentement populaire. Nombre de négociants ayant participé à la gestion municipale sous l'Ancien Régime sont, ensuite, inquiétés sous la Terreur. La misère due à l'effondrement de l'activité maritime, la disparition du cadre corporatif, évitent "une lutte des classes". Au gré des coups d'état, le Directoire ramène, à la tête de la cité, d'anciens notables et maintient des hommes très actifs pendant la Terreur. Le coup d'état de Brumaire confirme l'importance des notables liés au monde du négoce
As a harbour recently attached to France, Dunlirk is a city economically and politically dominated by merchants. In spite of the apparent profusion of surnames, the real local power is in the hands of a few families such as Tugghes, Tavernes, Coppens, etc. In order to subject the city to the autority of the French king, the bailiff has to sow dissension between those privileged families, and to win the loyalty of the local clans. By undermining their influence, he allows new clans to enwge which would then be entirely dependent on his good will. A task which is all the more delicate since the life of the city revolves around the activity of the harbour. The hazards of war pose a threa for the wealth of the Dunkirk elite as well as for the survival of its common people. Just like their French or their Austro Dutch counterparts, the Dunkirk guilds, initially favoured at the turn of the century, are then subject to attack by the forces of liberalism. The councils involve more than economic aspects. They are also the pretext for sociability and socialization, essential in a city with particularly fast growing demography. Far from being more castes, the guilds give some families the opportunity to improve their prospects. The French Revolution progressively throws the local political scene into turmoil. The apparent preservation of the merchants' domination can't conceal an obvious popular discontent. A great many merchants involved in local government during the "Ancien Regime" are subsequently harassed during the "Terror". The class struggle -as a polical activity- is avoided largely because of the destitution and miserry resulting from the collapse of maritime commerce and disappearance of the guild system. Through various coups, the Directoire restores former notables to positions of power in the city and retains in power men previously in support of the "Terror". The coup of Brumaire confirms the leading role of the notables involved in trade

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Kumar, Jasti Sudhir [Verfasser]. "Plastic Waste - Fuel. Municipal Solid Waste Management : A Case Study of Municipal Corporation of Eluru, A.P, India / Jasti Sudhir Kumar." Munich : GRIN Verlag, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1097481611/34.

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Woiwode, Christoph. "Urban risk communication in Ahmedabad, India : between slum dwellers and the municipal corporation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445152/.

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Since rapid urban growth forces poor households to settle in highly congested urban areas, slum dwellers are increasingly vulnerable due to a multiplicity of hazards rooted in the environment, nature, health, society and the urban economy. Hitherto, the understanding of urban risks and the vulnerability of inhabitants has been an underrepresented subject in urban planning. The different reasoning and rationales of slum dwellers, municipal authorities and other actors provide each with different perceptions of risks. This study focuses on the communication of urban risks between two slum communities and the Municipal Corporation of Ahmedabad by examining endeavours in slum improvement and more responsive urban governance. In using a conceptual framework that synthesises socio-cultural approaches to risk, communication theories and collaborative planning theory, the thesis points out the deficiencies and potentials of risk communication in long-term urban development planning. Currently urban risk management is not recognised as an integrated, cross-sectoral topic by the Municipal Corporation. Due to the structural fabric of the administration and the lack of capacity and guidance, the notion of risk is based on conventional approaches to disaster risk management with responsibilities spread across various departments. By contrast, slum dwellers have a much more integrated understanding of the micro-level risk conditions in which they live and work. The findings of this study suggest that a meaningful two-way communication process can only take place if the interaction of stakeholders is understood in terms of human relationships that go beyond techno-bureaucratic co-ordination and the prevalent notion of mono-directional communication. This concept of communication is underpinned by values such as trust, fairness, credibility and justice in interaction in the context of urban governance. The research approach and the findings suggest areas for improved policy making and further research. The outcome of the research especially contributes to a better understanding of urban risk situations in the social and cultural contexts of poor communities in India. Hence this investigation may be viewed as a potential basis for generating practical guidelines for mitigation policies and their links to urban governance.

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Roy, Sarkar Ranjita. "Study on socio-economic conditions of slum dwellers of siliguri municipal corporation: geographical analysis." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2795.

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Sancho, París Daniel. "La transició democràtica i el municipalisme a Catalunya: el cas de l’Alt Penedès (1977-1983)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666505.

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Aquesta tesi doctoral estudia la transició democràtica des del municipalisme, centrant-nos en la comarca de l’Alt Penedès (Catalunya). El marc cronològic estudiat és de 1977 – 1983, ve limitat per les eleccions generals del 15 de juny de 1977 i les municipals de 1983. Després de realitzar-se les eleccions generals de 1977, en alguns municipis es constituïren comissions municipals democràtiques per controlar, conèixer i opinar sobre les accions dels ajuntaments predemocràtics. L’any 1983 se celebraren les segones eleccions municipals. La tesis estudia el paper que va jugar l’Església catòlica i la pagesia, vertebrada en la Unió de Pagesos, com agents de dinamització de la cultura democràtica i com a escola de formació per la nova classe política de cara a les eleccions municipals de 1979. S’inclou també un estudi sobre les eleccions a les Cambres Agràries a l’Alt Penedès i quines van ser les seves conseqüències. La tesi doctoral estudia el paper de les candidatures municipalistes a les eleccions locals de 1979 i els seus candidats a alcaldes i regidors, realitzant un estudi sociològic. Aquest capítol ajuda a conèixer si es van produir continuïtats i ruptures en la classe política anterior a la democràcia. Igualment s’analitzen els processos electorals que van tenir lloc entre el referèndum de la llei de Reforma Política de 1976 fins a les eleccions municipals de 1983. Així també, si es produïren ruptures en les polítiques locals i l’acció de govern en els àmbits del planejament urbanístic i les obres públiques, de la hisenda, dels recursos humans dels ajuntaments i de la cultura. Per finalitzar amb les accions que realitzaren els ajuntaments en el camp de la memòria democràtica entre 1979 i 1983.
This doctoral thesis studies the Spanish Transition to democracy from municipalism focused on the Alt Penedès region (Catalonia). The time frame studied comprises between the general elections of June 15, 1977 and the municipal elections of 1983. After the general elections of 1977, in several municipalities, there were created some working commissions to control, know and comment on the actions of pre-democratic councils. In 1983, the second municipal elections were held. The thesis studies the role played by the Catholic Church and the peasantry which was part of the trade union called Unió de Pagesos. They worked as dynamic agents of the democratic culture and, moreover, as a training school for the new politic class that had to cope with the next municipal election of 1979. Also, there are included a study about the Agrarian Chambers elections in Alt Penedès and which were their consequences. Carrying out a sociological study, this doctoral thesis studies the role of municipal candidacies in the municipal elections of 1979 and their candidates for mayors and councilors. This chapter lets us to know if there were continuities and breaks in the political class before democracy. In the same way, there are analyzed the electoral processes that took place between the Law of the Political Reform referendum of 1976 until the municipal elections of 1983. In addition, the thesis verifies if there were breaks in the municipal policies and, furthermore, the action of government in different areas: the urban planning and public works, the treasury, the culture and the human resources of city councils. Finally, this doctoral thesis also looks into the actions achieved by councils in the field of democratic memory between 1979 and 1983.

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Dey, Roy Tuhin. "Rural-Urban Interaction : A case study of Siliguri Municipal corporation with Siliguri-Sub-Division of Darjeeling District." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/5161.

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Ghosh, Subrata. "Burden of disease and its impact on healthcare utilisation & on out of pocket expenditure on health by households in siliguri municipal corporation aria (SMCA), West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2659.

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Meyer, Sarah. "An analysis of local level development in South Africa: a case study of Uitenhage." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005487.

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Development backlogs, in terms of unemployment and poverty, plague many developing countries. Countries have established and implemented various policies and plans to address these challenges. In response to these development backlogs, South Africa has instituted the notion of decentralisation and developmental local government, whereby local governments are largely responsible for initiating and facilitating development in the area under their jurisdiction. Furthermore, the potential role the private sector can play in development is being increasingly recognised by government, politicians, academics and developers alike. Uitenhage has a strong corporate presence and therefore this sector has the potential to contribute towards development in the town. However the concept of using corporate social responsibility (CSR) to promote development in South Africa is relatively new and, as will be revealed in the case study, definitions and underlying motivation for undertaking CSR vary. Local Economic Development (LED) and, more recently, CSR, have been recognised as major drivers of development and are being implemented throughout the country. As this thesis illustrates, they often merge and can work hand-in-hand to promote local development. Although the private sector, through CSR has the potential to contribute to development, they often do not have the available human resources to implement development initiatives. As is evident in the case study, partnerships between the private and public sectors often emerge as a result. Development institutions play a key role in development and often assist in bridging the gap between citizens, the state and the market. The development institutions in Uitenhage often act as instigators and facilitators on behalf of the larger corporations. The case study in Uitenhage, is a locality where there is a strong automotive industrial cluster and several major firms which are active in the development process. Furthermore, development institutions are committed to the socio-economic development of the town and the promotion of small micro medium enterprises (SMMEs), through various support services. The development institutions, often in partnership with the local government and the public sector, have initiated various local developmental projects in the town, of which three will be discussed in the case study. In this thesis, case study research reveals that corporations often do not meet their potential developmental role and their CSR actions are often considered as ‘window-dressing’ aimed at boosting their corporate image. Similarly, with regard to the development institutions, their development and job creation results look impressive at first glance, but further investigation reveals a collapse of a large number of projects. Despite the potential of LED and CSR to be major drivers of local development, there are still a number of hindering factors, which will be revealed in this thesis and lessons to be learnt which can help to inform future local development projects

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Das, Madhumita. "Enquiry into the living conditions of slum dwellers in Siliguri Municipal Corporation Area with special reference to health and education." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4786.

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Jamieson, Thomas Robert. "Municipal administration in Aberdeen : the impact of state intervention on corporation policy with particular reference to housing and town planning 1890-1939." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401109.

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Abarca, Mantilla Dora Santos, Mita Juan Julio Carpio, Arróspide Vielka Ángela Martínez, and Alfaro Carlos Alberto Salas. "Las cajas municipales de ahorro y crédito bajo la perspectiva del principio de subsidiariedad del estado peruano." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623899.

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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objeto analizar las Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito bajo la perspectiva del principio de subsidiariedad del Estado Peruano, habiendo llegado a la conclusión que las actividades que realizan las CMAC son inconstitucionales por cuanto están ejerciendo actividad empresarial en un sector reservado única y exclusivamente para el sector privado, ello conforme al bloque de constitucionalidad que rige el sistema financiero peruano, contraviniendo el principio de subsidiariedad establecido en el artículo 60º de la actual Constitución Política del Perú. Asimismo, y desde otra perspectiva se ha concluido que la evolución normativa y regulatoria de las CMAC ha implicado la pérdida de su singularidad, equiparándola a las demás instituciones financieras privadas; incumpliendo el objetivo para el cual fueron creadas (atender únicamente el crédito o ahorro popular), lo cual implica otra forma de vulnerar el principio de subsidiariedad. Como consecuencia de las conclusiones arribadas se propone la necesidad de la privatización de las CMAC en un plazo razonable a fin de dar cumplimiento a la Constitución y no afectar el mercado financiero, teniéndose presente que a junio de 2017 el monto total de los créditos otorgados por las CMAC asciende aproximadamente S/. 18,000´000,000.00 soles (dieciocho mil millones de soles) que representa un 7% de participación en el mercado nacional; y son depositarias aproximadamente de S/. 17,000´000,000.00 soles (diecisiete mil millones de soles) en ahorros, que también representa un 7% de participación en el mercado; asimismo, atienden a 1´425,441 clientes de créditos y 3´903,066 clientes de depósitos a nivel nacional y operan en 270 de los 1874 distritos a nivel nacional. (SBS, Información Estadística de Cajas Municipales, 2017).
The purpose of this research is to analyze the Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito from the standpoint of the subsidiarity principle regulated by the Peruvian State, having concluded that the business activities carried out by the CMACs are unconstitutional since they take place in a sector reserved exclusively for private enterprises, this in accordance to the constitutional norms that rules the Peruvian financial system, breaching the subsidiarity principle contained in article 60 of the Peruvian Constitution. Likewise, from another perspective, we have concluded that the evolution of the law and other regulations of the CMAC entails the lost their singularity, equating it with other private financial institutions, currently not fulfilling the purpose for which they were created (grant credits and foster savings in the poverty sectors), which implies another form to breach the subsidiarity principle. As a consequence of the above-mentioned conclusions, the CMAC´s privatization is needed, within a reasonable period of time in order to comply with the Peruvian Constitution and not affect the financial system, bearing in mind that in June 2017, the total amount of loans granted by the CMAC were approximately of S /. 18,000'000,000.00 soles that represents a 7% of share in the national financial system, and the amount of savings were approximately of S /. 17,000'000,000.00 soles, which also represents a 7% share of the market; given in consideration also that the CMAC´s serve 1´425,441 loans clients and 3'903,066 savings clients nationwide and operate in 270 of the 1874 districts of Peru. (SBS, Información Estadística de Cajas Municipales, 2017).
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Amo-Mensah, Mishael, and Benjamin Ofei. "Leadership and Responsibility towards the key stakeholders of Municipally Owned Corporations : how organisational ambidexterity mediate the relationship between performance drivers and MOCs performance in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20792.

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Municipally Owned Corporations (MOCs) have several interest groups because they are established to serve the public interest. These stakeholders including citizens expect MOCs to deliver high-quality service. MOCs, on the other hand, need to attract and retain the best talents to pursue their mandate. Based on these, service quality and Human Resource performance were conceptualised as key performance indicators for MOCs. This adds to the various performance measures used by other scholars in measuring performance in public sector organisations. In recent times, organisational ambidexterity has become topical in public sector organisations including MOCs as scholars have found it to have an impact on firm performance. Recognising the role of management in organisational success, this study investigated how two concepts (i.e. Managerial autonomy and Relationship) influence Service Quality and Human Resource Performance and how the relationships are mediated by organisational ambidexterity. A quantitative approach was adopted where 128 CEOs of MOCs in Sweden participated in a survey. The results indicate that managerial relationship and autonomy significantly influences ambidexterity. Ambidexterity was also found to significantly predict service quality and Human Resource performance. While evidence was found for ambidexterity’s mediation affection between autonomy/relationship and service quality, no mediation was found for autonomy and Human Resource Performance. The mediation of ambidexterity between the managerial relationship and Human Resource performance was however partial. Aside from testing rarely used performance measures (i.e. service quality and Human Resource performance), the study builds on the Leader-Member Exchange theory by finding support for relationship between managerial relationship and service quality, mediated by ambidexterity. The implication is that leaders of MOCs should prioritize building mutually beneficial relationships with their employees to enhance quality service delivery and Human Resource performance.

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Gope, Nirupam. "Characteristics and growth of the urban informal sector and its socio-economic consequences in Siligui Municipal Corporation Area (SMCA) with special reference to rickshaw pullers and construction workers." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/221.

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La, Torre Rivera Luis Larry, Tapia Elizabeth Cristina Mesías, and Malásquez Iván Eric Paredes. "Análisis del retorno de la inversión en la gestión comercial de las cajas municipales de ahorro y crédito en el Perú a través de métricas no financieras." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621291.

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Analiza el retorno de la inversión en la gestión comercial de las Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito en el Perú utilizando métricas no financieras. La metodología de investigación tomo como referencia la metodología empleada en la tesis de investigación del análisis del retorno de la inversión en la gestión comercial de los supermercados en el Perú (Zamudio, 2015). El estudio analizó las 5 principales cajas municipales de ahorro y crédito, el 74.51% de los créditos del mercado de cajas municipales en el Perú, Arequipa, Cuzco, Huancayo. Piura y Sullana. Es decir, las cajas municipales más representativos y de mayor presencia en el Perú. Como metodología a emplear en la presente investigación, se procedió a realizar el estudio las metodologías para calcular el retorno de la inversión en las cajas municipales de ahorro y crédito, para proponer un nuevo modelo de estimación con alto valor agregado en la precisión de sus resultados. Asimismo, se calculó el retorno de la inversión comercial realizada para cada caja municipal de ahorro y crédito utilizando las métricas no financieras: métricas del mercado, del cliente y de las cajas municipales de ahorro y crédito. Con el objetivo de generar un marco de reflexión en cuanto a la aportación de la propuesta del modelo de análisis de retorno de la inversión comercial utilizando las métricas no financieras, el cual provee una visión estratégica del negocio de las Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito . Finalmente, la presente tesis sugiere que, de considerarse la implementación del modelo de gestión comercial, se deberán plantear futuras investigaciones respecto a los factores incluidos en el modelo planteado.
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Churata, Fernandez July Marlene, Mori Jaime Martin Mimbela, and De La Cruz Nadia Jesus Navarro. "Factores determinantes en el crecimiento de las colocaciones de créditos a microempresas en el Perú de Caja Municipal de Ahorro y Crédito de Arequipa, Huancayo y Piura en el periodo 2010 al 2015." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621780.

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Identificar cuáles son los factores determinantes en el crecimiento de las colocaciones de créditos a microempresas en el Perú de CMAC Arequipa, CMAC Huancayo y CMAC Piura en el periodo 2010 al 2015 En el primer capítulo, se ha presentado el marco teórico con las definiciones y los desarrollos teóricos de autores especialistas en este sector, que nos han ayudado a entender el contexto de microfinanzas, y nos han brindado información relevante de las causas que generan el crecimiento de las colocaciones de créditos a microempresas en el Perú. En el segundo capítulo, presentamos el desarrollo del contexto, obtenido a partir de una muestra de quince entrevistas a diferentes segmentos del rubro en el área de microfinanzas. El tipo de investigación realizada se sustenta sobre la base de la teoría fundamentada. En el tercer capítulo, se realizará el análisis de datos y resultados teniendo como objetivo identificar los factores determinantes en el crecimiento de las colocaciones de créditos a microempresas en el Perú de CMAC Arequipa, CMAC Huancayo y CMAC Piura en el periodo 2010 al 2015. En el cuarto capítulo, se han desarrollado detalladamente los hallazgos, las barreras y las brechas encontradas durante la investigación. Finalmente, en el quinto capítulo, presentamos las conclusiones y recomendaciones.
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Lozano, García Adriana Cecilia, and Ramos Angela Daniela Tejeda. "Posibles factores cuantitativos que determinan del crecimiento del ratio de morosidad en las Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito del Perú durante el periodo del 2010 al 2015." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624835.

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RESUMEN Las Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito son líderes dentro del sistema microfinanciero peruano, dado que ha promovido la inclusión financiera de sectores desatendidos por la banca tradicional. Sin embargo, desde 2010 hasta el 2015 tuvo un incremento en su índice de morosidad debido a variables macro y microeconómicas. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal identificar los posibles factores cuantitativos que determinan del crecimiento del ratio de morosidad en las Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito del Perú durante el periodo del 2010 al 2015 empleando el método de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios. En el primer capítulo, se presentó el marco teórico que comprende definiciones de Sistema microfinanciero, MYPES, morosidad del sector microfinanciero, CMAC. En el segundo capítulo, se detalla la problemática de las CMAC, así como la hipótesis a comprobar mediante el modelo econométrico. En el tercer capítulo, se define el tipo y diseño de investigación, que es un análisis cuantitativo y causal respectivamente. Además se indica las fuentes para la obtención de datos. Se explica la importancia del Modelo MCO para el presente trabajo. En el cuarto capítulo, se mencionan y definen las variables a considerar en el modelo. En el quinto capítulo, se emplea el programa E-views para determinar mediante un análisis de resultados cuan representativas son las variables consideradas. Para ello se hacen pruebas aplicadas a las CMAC, luego principales CMAC y por último a la CMAC de Arequipa. Finalmente, se explican las conclusiones y recomendaciones.
The Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito (known as CMAC in Peru) are leaders within the Peruvian microfinance system, since they have promoted the financial inclusion of sectors unattended by traditional banking. However, during 2010-2015 it had an increase in its delinquency rate due to macro and microeconomic variables. The main objective of this research is to identify the possible quantitative factors that determine the growth of the delinquency ratio in the CMAC of Peru during the period from 2010 to 2015 using the Ordinary Least Squares method. In the first chapter, the theoretical framework that includes the definitions of microfinance system, MYPES, delinquency of the microfinance sector and CMAC were presented. In the second chapter, the problem of CMAC’s is detailed, as well as the hypothesis to be checked by means of the econometric model. In the third chapter, the type and design of research is defined, which is a quantitative and causal analysis. It also indicates the sources for obtaining data. The importance of the MCO Model for the present work is explained. In the fourth chapter, the variables to be considered in the model are mentioned and defined. In the fifth chapter, the E-views program is used to determine through an analysis of results how representative the variables considered are. To do this, tests are applied to the CMAC’s, then to the main CMAC’s and finally to the CMAC of Arequipa. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations are explained.
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Barbosa, Maria Nazaré Lins. "Fomento empresarial aos conselhos municipais dos direitos da criança e do adolescente." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/4654.

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Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:13:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 72050100749.pdf: 1264737 bytes, checksum: f5bebbe5b914d67a52fdd38705a006eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-25T00:00:00Z
This study is carrying out an exploratory survey of actions in enterprises, institutes and foundations from enterprises jointly with the Child and Adolescent Rights Councils. It analyses also the articulation among market agents, non-governmental agencies and public authorities in actions related to these instancies through tax incentive contributions for the Childhood and Adolescent Funds, as well as encouragements from the enterprising sphere. It was select as a case study the Minas de Bons Conselhos project impelled by Celular Telemig Institute from 2001 to 2005, which contributed to institutionalization of Child and Adolescent Rights Municipal Councils, and Tutorial Councils in Minas Gerais State, rising the Pró-Conselho Brasil program of national range. The study exhibits a way of articulation among governmental, non-governmental agencies and of enterprises in the council sphere, on a non-restricted appropriation of public space by private economic interests.
O trabalho realiza um levantamento exploratório de ações de empresas, institutos e fundações de empresas junto a Conselhos de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente e analisa a articulação entre atores oriundos do mercado, entidades não governamentais e poder público em ações relacionadas a essas instâncias, a partir do incentivo fiscal existente para doação aos Fundos da Infância e da Adolescência e motivações advindas no âmbito empresarial. Selecionou-se para estudo de caso o Projeto Minas de Bons Conselhos, promovido pelo Instituto Telemig Celular, no período de 2001 a 2005, o qual contribuiu para a institucionalização dos Conselhos Municipais de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente e de Conselhos Tutelares no Estado de Minas Gerais, inspirando o Programa Pró-Conselho Brasil, de abrangência nacional. O estudo explicita um modo de articulação entre agentes governamentais, não governamentais e empresariais no âmbito dos Conselhos não redutível à apropriação do espaço público pelo poder privado.

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Hagdahl, Frida. "”Jag bara utgår ifrån att dom finns på Facebook” : En kvalitativ studie om hur Falu Energi & Vatten bör kommunicera med unga vuxna." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-98956.

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The aim of this study is to investigate which communication strategies and channels the mu- nicipal company Falu Energi & Vatten should use in order to become more efficient in com- municating with citizens between 18 to 29 years old. The company is owned by the munici- pality of Falun and manages community services in electricity, district heating, fresh water, sewerage, metropolitan area network and waste disposal. The following theories have been used in the study: convergence culture, digital natives, information overload, communication strategies and uses & gratifications theory. The methods used in the study are 4 focus group interviews and one informant interview. The members of the focus groups where within the age range 18-29 years and lived in the city of Falun. Each focus group included four partici- pants and the groups were divided based on four different forms of housing; student homes, rental apartments, owned apartments and own villas. The informant interview was conducted with the director of communication at Falu Energi & Vatten. The empirical material was col- lected during the 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th of November 2014. The results of the study shows that media habits among young adults have changed which has led to a non-correspondence in relation to how Falu Energi & Vatten communicates. Due to this Falu Energi & Vatten needs to make changes in their communication strategy, add new channels to their media mix and in some cases reduce the use of others. Falu Energi & Vatten must actively work to both dis- seminate information and make information available in order to reach this age group. The result also shows that the significantly increased media output has led to a desire for personal- ized communication, which means that Falu Energi & Vatten should review the possibility to offer more targeted information. Last but not least, a clear result is that the company should use Facebook for communication with young adults as the majority of the participants wish to communicate with the company through this particular channel. Facebook can be used both to disseminate information but also to facilitate information retrieval and dialogue.

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"通過試驗建立制度: 以中國城管體制為案例的研究." Thesis, 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6075372.

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李振.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-190)
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Li Zhen.

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Radewich, Glen Howard. "An examination of municipal non-profit housing corporations in Canada with performance evaluations of the Toronto, Ottawa and Winnipeg housing corporations." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/9360.

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Mokoena, Pinkie Lucia Jennifer. "Cleaners' perceptions of the pending municipal merger in the west rand." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26021.

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A report on a research study presented to The Department of Social Work School of Human and Community Development Faculty of Humanities University of the Witwatersrand In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Social Work January 2018
When change is introduced in the workplace, marginalized employees may develop a negative attitude towards the process due to ignorance and fear. The study aimed to explore the cleaning staffs’ perceptions on the municipal pre- mergers between two West Rand Municipalities. The focus study was to explore the cleaning staff members’ emotions and reactions towards the merger before it was to be implemented specifically focusing on their perceptions around job security, job responsibility, and communication. There is currently little research done on pre-mergers, especially between political organizations. The research followed a qualitative approach in a form of a case study. Face to face interviews were conducted with seventeen (17) cleaning staff from two Municipalities to collect data utilizing a self – developed, semi structured interview schedule. Sampling was done using a non-probability convenience sampling method. These employees are usually marginalized and have limited if any decision making powers in their working space. The data was analysed utilizing thematic analysis. The findings identified that even the most marginalized of employees could have an impact on change processes based on several factors and there is a relationship between a previous workplace change experience and a new one. The study transformed into a comparative study as marked differences emerged because one of the Municipalities had been through a merger previously and it had a different impact as compared to those who had not gone through the merger process previously. The findings revealed that communication strategies impact on the perceptions of all levels of employees regardless if they participate in the planning process of any organisational change process or not. Open communication and constant consultation by an employer was found to inspire employees to do well because they become confident of their future within the organization. The research findings carve a way to future pre- merger studies with deeper insight into the usually marginalized groups in the workplace.
MT 2018

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Olivier, Michèle Emily. "International law in South African municipal law: human rights procedure, policy and practice." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/743.

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The object of this thesis is to investigate the application of international law in municipal law, and more specifically to focus on international human rights law. A determination of the sources of international human rights law constitutes the point of departure. Treaties are the primary source of international human rights law, followed by customary law. Recent authority indicates that the formation of customary human rights law differs from that of customary international law in general. There are, however, also international documents on human rights not falling within the scope of the traditional sources as embodied in section 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Non-binding sources of law, or soft law - most notably the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - are shown to play an important role in the formation of both treaties and custom and directly influence state practice. Theoretical explanations expounding the application of international law in the domestic law of states are examined, assessing their suitability for effective implementation of international human rights instruments. Since the application of international law in municipal law depends on, and is regulated by rules of domestic law, the relevant rules of legal systems which may, due to historical factors or regional proximity, impact on South Africa, are examined. State practice points to two primary methods of dealing with international law obligations in domestic law, namely transformation (associated with the dualist theory) or direct application (associated with the monist theory). The specific method of incorporation adopted by a state is often closely related to that state's constitutional system. The advantages and disadvantages associated with each particular method are related to the intricacies of individual legal systems. From an internationalist perspective the often misunderstood doctrine of direct application, has the advantage of making the intended protection afforded by human rights treaties to individuals directly enforceable by domestic courts with a minimum of state intervention. The position of international law in South Africa is assessed against this background. South Africa's constitutional history under British rule followed British law requiring legislative transformation of treaty obligations, but permitting customary law to be directly incorporated into common law. The position of international law became constitutionally regulated in South Africa with the introduction of a constitutional democracy. Drafting errors and practical difficulties experienced with the 1993 Constitution, were largely ironed out by the 1996 Constitution. The post-apartheid Constitutions introduced changes and new dimensions compared to the pre-1993 position of international law, including: the consideration of international law when interpreting the constitutionally protected human rights; the involvement of the legislature in the treaty-making process; and provisions for both transformation and direct application of treaties subject to the provisions of the Constitution. Customary international law is confirmed as forming part of South African law, and courts are obliged to interpret legislation in accordance with international law. An analysis of court decisions after 1993 reveals the following broad trends: (i) The impact of international law as part of South African law is still largely overlooked. (ii) The majority of references to international law by the courts are to international human rights agreements and decisions by international tribunals under section 39 of the Bill of Rights. (iii) The distinction between international law and comparable foreign case law, as directed by section 39, is often blurred. (iv) No distinction is made between international hard and soft law when deciding on human rights matters. (v) Courts have refrained from applying international human rights obligations which form part of South African law because they are self-executing or form part of customary international law. (vi) Binding international human rights obligations are only referred to for comparative purposes. (vii) The term "treaty" is interpreted in accordance with the definition of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The intention to create legally binding obligations is therefore implicit. It has been the policy of the post-apartheid South African government to ratify or accede to the major international human rights agreements as swiftly as possible. The execution of this policy has, however, met with numerous problems. As a result, South Africa has to date not become party to the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights. Many treaties to which South Africa is a party have not yet been incorporated into South African law and compulsory reports on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights are overdue. Despite the post-apartheid euphoria about the creation of a human rights culture in South Africa and the formal commitment by government to give effect to international human rights instruments, much remains to be done before South Africa can be regarded as formally complying with international human rights standards.
Law
LL. D. (Law)

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Dancause, Luc. "Le rôle des élus auprès des corporations de développement économique communautaire : des acteurs inscrits dans les réseaux et la gouvernance du développement économique local." Thèse, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2598/1/D1881.pdf.

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Cette thèse est le fruit d'une recherche sur la place des élus municipaux, provinciaux et fédéraux dans la gouvernance du développement économique local à Montréal. L'étude s'est penchée sur la relation que les élus entretiennent avec les corporations de développement économique communautaire (CDÉC) de trois arrondissements de l'ancienne Ville de Montréal soit ceux de Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, Sud-Ouest et Villeray-Saint-Michel-Parc-Extension, entre 1990 et 2006. Notre objectif est de mieux connaître le rôle que jouent les élus auprès des organismes de développement économique local. Nous désirons également saisir l'influence des grandes réformes institutionnelles qui ont marqué le secteur du développement local, soit la création des centres locaux de développement en 1997 et la réforme municipale, implantée de 2002 à 2004. À l'aide d'un cadre d'analyse constitué de concepts associés au développement et à la gouvernance locale, nous tentons plus précisément de comprendre l'implication des élus dans les partenariats et dans les réseaux liés à ce secteur d'activité. Nous désirons également savoir si les élus jouent un rôle de leader ou encore d'interface au sein des acteurs locaux. Nous posons l'hypothèse que malgré le peu d'études dont ils ont fait l'objet, les élus ont joué un rôle significatif dans les activités des organismes de développement économique local de Montréal et que celui-ci s'est accru depuis 1990. La méthode de collecte des données est de nature qualitative. La démarche empirique entreprise pour cette recherche repose principalement sur 34 entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés auprès d'élus, mais aussi auprès de dirigeants de CDÉC (CDEST, RESO et CDÉC Centre-Nord) ainsi que de fonctionnaires municipaux et provinciaux. Cette démarche a été complétée par une recherche documentaire (archives des CDÉC, documents gouvernementaux et journaux). À la lumière de l'analyse effectuée, nous concluons que malgré l'acquisition de nouvelles compétences peu d'élus locaux font preuve de leadership en matière de développement économique local et qu'aucun d'entre eux ne s'impose comme interface entre les différents acteurs engagés dans ce type de processus. La majorité des élus se contente d'agir comme articulateur dans les réseaux, principalement comme intermédiaires entre différents acteurs locaux ou comme représentants auprès de l'État, et de s'impliquer de temps à autre dans les partenariats État-CDÉC. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Élus, Développement économique local, Gouvernance, Corporation de développement économique communautaire, Montréal.

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Prasad, T. V. S. "Municipal taxation: A case study of Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4685.

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Geen, Jillian. "The development corporation model’s impact on municipal planning policy, development process, and standards: The Calgary Municipal Land Corporation." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/32101.

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The government land development corporation model works at ‘arm’s length’ from the public sector to manage development of public land assets. With the potential to create uplift in value and shape the built environment to achieve City objectives, many municipalities have established this model, yet there is a lack of study on their impact to the municipal planning and development process. This research presents a case study, including key informant interviews, of the Calgary Municipal Land Corporation’s (CMLC) management of the redevelopment of the East Village to identify lessons that may be application in other development projects. A list of themes for success and weakness informs discussion on how a government land development model can impact municipal planning policy, development process and standards. Half way into the project timeline, CMLC has achieved many of its objectives through a coordinated approach grounded in a strong vision set in a Master Plan. Active marketing and infrastructure upgrades that focused on connections established a renewed sense of place to a blighted neighborhood. CMLC benefits from being able to act in a nimble manner outside of the often-extended municipal decision-making structure. A broad mandate, control over budget decision, land ownership and authority to manage phasing provides efficiency in operations and confidence to investors, however public accountability remains a concern. CMLC introduces new avenues of collaboration and brings multiple disciplines together for risk sharing facilitating innovation in planning policy, practice and standards, that otherwise may have been lost in negotiation. Positioned at the interface between public and private, CMLC has found success in balancing interests and tensions through combining the strengths of each sector.
February 2017

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Sharma, Akanksha. "Civic Center for Municipal Corporation of Delhi." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/513.

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The thesis project proposes to explore into the design possibilities for the Civic Center for Municipal Corporation of Delhi and extract the richness of the site conditions into architecture through means of computational design. The computational design approach will provide a degree of variance which will be an interesting thing to explore in terms of defining spaces, program and systems.. The design would hinge on to one of the major centers of Delhi and aim to enhance social permeability through means of forms and articulation of spaces. It would cater to all classes of people and help in promoting small local businesses thereby weaving into the social and cultural fabric of India.

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Somappa, R. "Municipal administration in Karnataka -A study of Mysore city municipal corporation since 1977." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2661.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Municipal corporations'

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